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CI 39 (7/93)
THE
ENGLISH DIALECT
DICTIONARY
BEING THE
COMPLETE VOCABULARY OF ALL DL\LECT WORDS STILL IN USE, OR KNOWN
TO HAVE BEEN IN USE DURING THE LAST TWO HUNDRED YEARS
FOUXDED ON THE PCBLICATIOXS OF THE ESGLISH DIALECT SOCIETY ASD OS A L.4RGE
ASIOLWT OF MATEKIAL yElEU BEFORE FRiyTED
EDITED BY
JOSEPH WRIGHT, M.A., Ph.D., D.C.L.
DEPUTY PROFESSOR OF COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY IN THE UNIVERSITY OK OXFORD
Volume I. A— C
LONDON: PUBLISHED BY HENRY FROWDE, AMEN CORNER. E.G.
(PUBLISHER TO THE ENGLISH DIALECT SOCIETY)
OXFORD: ii6 HIGH STREET
NEW YORK: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS
1898
[AH n'gfits rrsfnvd]
Orforb
PRINTED BY HORACE HART
AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
NOTE
The English Dialect Dictionary is printed at the expense of Joseph Wkicht, MA.
of Laugdalc House, Park Town, Oxford.
To THE -REV.
TROFESSOR W. IV. SKEAT, IJtt.T)., UC.L.
Founder and President of
The English Dialect Society
Editor of
' Chaucer J * Piers Plowman^ and ' "The Bruce '
"The unwearied Worker in the varied Field of English Scholarship
To whose patient industry and contagious enthusiasm
in connexion with the laborious task of accumulating
dialect material, the possibility of compiling
an adequate
Dictionary of English Dialects
is mainly due
PREFACE
THE Dictionary includes, so far as is possible, the complete vocabulary of all English dialect words
which are still in use or are known to have been in use at any time during the last two hundred
years in England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. All words occurring both in the literary language and in
the dialects, but with some local peculiarity of meaning in the latter, are also included. On the other
hand, words which merely differ from the literary language in pronunciation, but not in meaning, are
generally e.xcluded, as belonging properly to the province of grammar and not to that of lexicography.
It also contains (i) the exact geographical area over which each dialect word extends, together with
quotations and references to the sources from which the word has been obtained ; (2) the exact pro-
nunciation in each case according to a simple phonetic scheme, specially formulated for the purpose;
(3) the etymology so far as it relates to the immediate source of each word. The work can never become
antiquated, and, when completed, will be the largest and most comprehensive Dialect Dictionary ever
published in any country. It will be a 'storehouse' of information for the general reader, and an
invaluable work to the present and all future generations of students of our mother-tongue. It also
includes American and Colonial dialect words which are still in use in Great Britain and Ireland, or which
are to be found in early-printed dialect books and glossaries. After some experience it became clear
that this plan was absolutely necessary in order to avoid admitting into the Dictionary words for which
I had not full and reliable evidence. It is difficult enough to obtain information about the pronunciation
and exact usage of many words in the United Kingdom, and it would have been still more difficult to
obtain such information from abroad. Some idea of the labour involved in this respect may be gathered
from the fact that at least 12,000 queries have been sent out from the 'Workshop' connected with words
contained in this volume. And yet, in spite of all this labour, it has been necessary to keep back quite
a number of words— see list on pp. xxi-xxiv — for which there is at present insufficient evidence to
allow them to be included in the Dictionary. It is intended to issue a list of such words with each Part,
and all the friends of this undertaking are kindly invited to send to the Editor more information about these
words, so that they can eventually be included in a Supplement. The article on the verb 'To be' cost
very considerable time and trouble. Copies of a printed form containing 194 points were sent to 150
persons in various parts of the United Kingdom ; and 150 similar forms containing many queries were
sent out about the words By, By{e. Many of the replies to these two sets of queries showed how very
difficult it is becoming to obtain information about minute points connected with grammar. It is quite
evident from the letters daily received at the 'Workshop* that pure dialect speech is rapidly disappearing
from our midst, and that in a few years it will be almost impossible to get accurate information about difficult
points. Even now it is sometimes found extremely difficult to ascertain the exact pronunciation and
the various shades of meanings, especially of words which occur both in the literary language and in the
dialects. And in this case it is not always easy to decide what is dialect and what is literary English :
there is no sharp line of demarcation ; the one overlaps the other. In words of this kind I have carefully
considered each case separately, and if I have erred at all, it has been on the side of inclusion.
It has taken hundreds of people, in all parts of the United Kingdom, twenty-three years to collect
the material for the Dictionary. For the lists of Workers and Correspondents see pp. ix-xiv. In almost
vi PREFACE
every county, competent people have been secured to assist in answering queries and in supplying any
words that may have been omitted from the glossaries in their respective districts. Such a plan ensures
a far higher degree of accuracy and completeness than can possibly be attained by any other method.
In addition to the great amount of material sent in from unprinted sources — see pp. xi, xii — upwards
of three thousand dialect glossaries and works containing dialect words have been read and excerpted
for the purposes of the Dictionary'. Through the great kindness of the Princess, the whole of the
MS. collections and the library of the late Prince Louis Lucien Bonaparte were placed at my
disposal for over two years, which enabled me to get many thousand words and quotations from
hundreds of small local books not to be found in any of our public libraries.
I had hoped to give a classification of the Dialects in this Preface, but I now think that it will be
better to wait until I have finished a greater portion of the Dictionary. From the words contained
in this volume, it would be easy to give a sketch-map showing clearly those districts in which the
Norse element is particularly strong. It is also most remarkable how in certain districts many
French words have been preserved, which are now obsolete in the literary language. At present
I have not the necessary leisure to work out and account for the fact that in Ireland the
dialects of some districts are essentially Scotch whilst in other districts they agree with those of
the West of England. Also it cannot be a mere accident that the dialect of South Pembrokeshire
contains quite a number of words of Flemish origin. Later on I hope to work out these matters
fully, and also to account for the special peculiarities of the Kentish dialects. It will also be easy
to show that a great many words which are now confined to particular districts, were confined
to those districts already in the Middle Ages, e. g. early illustrations of many words still in use
in East Anglia are only to be found in the Promptorium ; the same applies to many modern
Yorkshire words and the York Mystery Plays. In fact, when the Dictionary is completed it will
be of immense value in helping to settle the dialect in which many of our Middle-English
manuscripts were written, and it will throw a flood of light upon many problems connected with
Old and Middle-English phonology.
Any one who takes the pains to examine the Dictionary will find that neither time nor trouble
has been spared in order to obtain accurate information about popular games, customs, and supersti-
tions ; and, as far as possible, to give the literature where further information will be found. In the
etymological part of the dictionary, it must not be assumed that where no etymology is given
there has been no attempt made to find one. The very opposite is the case. It has often happened
that dozens of dictionaries, special glossaries, and articles in philological journals have been carefully
searched without any satisfactory results. In all such instances I have preferred to give nothing
rather than a mere guess. In thousands of instances it will be noticed that there is no previously
printed authority for the use of words in some districts. In all such cases I give the initials of
the persons who supplied the information ; and I may add that one of my senior assistants has
spent over a fortnight in verifying these initials; so that they may be accepted as being correct.
Several words found in printed glossaries are omitted from the Dictionary as being 'Ghost Words.'
All such words will be collected together and printed in the last volume.
The number of queries sent out was proportionately greater in the C-words than in A and B,
owing to the great importance of obtaining accurate information about their pronunciation ; as it is
of special value to students of English philology to know in which districts the initial guttural has
remained and in which districts it has become the affricata c/i. When the letters C and K are
finished, it will become evident that several factors have to be taken into consideration in formulating
the laws for the normal development of Germanic initial k-. This volume contains a large number
of words which will be specially interesting to folk-lorists and English philologists, as well as to the
students of dialects in general ; e. g. Acre, Adder, Agate, All, As, At, Bandy sb.^. Banian-day, Banshee,
' There is now in tlie 'Workshop' over a million and a half of slips — and the number increases daily— each containing
the source, with quotation, date, and county.
PREFACE vii
B
C
Total
7.789
8,222
17,519
910
959
2,248
18,198
17,958
42-9>5
17,543
19.539
39.581
35,740
37,497
82,496
Barghesl, Barley-break, Barring out, Baiim-rappil, Begaged, Beltane, Blin v., Blithemcat, Blue adj., Bty, Bo sb.\
Bodev.\ Boggart sb.\ Bogle, Bait sb.'. Bondage, Boucshave, Bood, Boon sb.\ Boorey, Boot sb."; Boun, Braid vr,
Bride-ale, Bride-door, Bull sb.\ Bungums, Bushel sb.\ Busk v.\ But prep., Buttony, Call v.\ Calve v.^ and sb.,
Canny, Cantrip, Car-cake, Carlinlg)s, Carritcli, Catsb.', Cattern, Charge sb.' andt/.', Chilver, Clout, Cock, Cunie v.\
Cow, Crack sb.' and v., Cradden, Crook sb.' and v., Crouse, Crundcl, Cuckoo, &c.
Owing to the large number of ^-words containing Latin and Greek prefixes, the difference between
the number of words beginning with A and B is not great in a dictionary of literary English ;— e. g.
in Webster, A occupies 99 pages and B 81 pages. A occupies 106 pages in the English Dialect Dictionary,
but B occupies no less than 370 pages. The statistics given below will show what an immense wealth
of words there is in our dialects, and from them some idea can also be formed of the enormous amount of
labour involved in the production of this volume. It ought to be mentioned that the figures do not include
the quotations, &c., from early writers, which are placed within square brackets at the end of each article.
Nor is any account taken of the many thousands of cross-references. This volume contains 17,519
simple and compound words, and 2,248 phrases, illustrated by 42,915 quotations with the e.\act source
from which they have been obtained. There are, in addition, 39,581 references to glossaries, to
manuscript collections of dialect words, and to other sources ; making a total of 82,496 references. These
figures are made up as follows : —
Simple and Compound Words . 1,508
Phrases 379
Quotations 6,759
References without quotations . 2,500
Total references .... 9,259
As stated on the title-page, the Dictionary is in a great measure founded upon the publications
of the English Dialect Society. It was with this express object in view that the Society was started
at Cambridge in 1873, with the Rev. Prof. Skeat as Secretary and the Rev. J. W. Cartmell
as Treasurer. In 1876 the Headquarters of the Society were removed to Manchester; when J. H. Nodal,
Esq., became the Secretary and G. Milner, Esq., the Treasurer. The Headquarters remained at
Manchester until 1893. During these eighteen years Mr. Nodal rendered most valuable services
to the Society, and it is not too much to say that it was mainly through his great interest in the subject
that the Society published so many excellent County and other glossaries. From 1893 to 1896 the
Headquarters were in Oxford, during which time I acted as Secretary and the Rev. A. L. Mayhew
as Treasurer. After the Dictionary had been begun, it was no longer necessary to continue the existence
of the Societ}', and it was accordingly brought to an end in 1896 after it had published 80 volumes,
all of which are being incorporated in the Dictionary.
In the year 1886 Professor Skeat raised a fund, to which he contributed nearly half the money
himself, for the purpose of helping to defray the expenses of collecting and arranging the material
for the Dictionary. He had the good fortune to obtain the services of the Rev. A. Smythe Palmer,
D.D., who acted as organizing Editor for two years and a half. During this period Dr. Smythe Palmer
succeeded in getting together and in arranging in rough alphabetical order a large amount of material.
And I take this opportunity of expressing to him my sincere gratitude for all the valuable help he rendered
at this initial stage of the work. In 1889 it was thought the material was sufficiently complete to
enable me to begin to edit the work for press. I accordingly prepared several articles and had them
printed. These articles convinced me that at least twice the amount of the material which had then been
collected would be required before attempting to edit the Dictionary. I issued a circular stating the
kind of help wanted, and sent it to all the principal newspapers and public libraries in the United
Kingdom, as well as to many thousand people who might be likely to help in the work. By this means
the number of voluntary helpers was increased to over 600. It then became advisable to form local Com-
mittees in various parts of the country with the object of getting all the books relating to the respective
districts read and the slips arranged in alphabetical order before being sent to me. After preparing several
lists of books which still remained to be read for the Dictionary, I addressed many meetings on the great
viii PREFACE
value of dialects for philological and other purposes, and succeeded in forming a number of local Committees
which have rendered most valuable assistance. In this connexion I wish to express my best thanks to
all the Committees and their Secretaries, and more especially to J. K. Hudson, Esq., B.A., Manchester;
S. K. Craven, Esq., Bradford ; R. O. Heslop, Esq., Newcastle-upon-Tyne ; T. C. Peter, Esq., Redruth ;
and W. H. Hills, Esq., Ambleside, who have spared neither time, trouble, nor expense in helping to make
the material as complete as possible. I have also the pleasant task of expressing my sincere gratitude
to all the voluntary readers, correspondents, and those people who so kindly placed their manuscript
collections of dialect words at my disposal. From the lists given on pp. ix-xiv it will be seen that some-
thing like a thousand people have in one way or another rendered valuable assistance in the work. In the
Preface it is not necessary to repeat all these names, but I must specially mention the following who
have so largely contributed to make my material what it is: — Mrs. F. A. Allen, Ilminster; H. A. Barnes,
Esq., Farnworth; Dr. G. F. Blandford, London, W. ; the Rev. G. B. R. Bousfield, M.A., London, W.
Dr. T. N. Brushfield, Budleigh-Salterton ; Miss E. F. Burton, Carlisle; Miss R. H. Busk, London, W.
R. Pearse Chope, Esq., B A., Bayswater, W. ; G. E. Dartnell, Esq., Salisbury ; J. W. Darwood
Esq., Cambridge ; Prof C. A. Federer, Bradford ; Dr. Fitzedward Hall, Marlesford ; the Rev. E. H
Goddard, M.A., Wootton Bassett; Mrs. S. Hewett, Lynton ; J. K. Hone, Esq., Dudley; E. C. Hulme,
Esq., F.R.C.S., S. Kensington; the Rev. Hamilton Kingsford, M.A., Stoulton ; Miss S. A. Kirby
London; B. Kirkby, Esq., Batley ; Miss E. Lloyd, Crowborough; the Rev. Dr. Mitchell, S. Leith
the Rev. W. M. Morris, M.A., Treherbert; Mrs. Parker, Oxford; A. Pope, Esq., B.A., Manchester
Dr. E. W. Prevost, Newnham, Glos. ; Miss Romanes, Oxford ; the Rev. W. F. Rose, M.A., Weston
super-Mare; the Rev. J. S. F. Singleton, M.A., Weston-super-Mare; E. Smith, Esq., Birmingham
J. E. Sugars, Esq., M.A., Manchester ; S. P. Unwin, Esq., .Shipley ; the Rev. Alex. Warrack, M.A., Stranraer
T. C. Warrington, Esq., B.A., Carnarvon ; L Wilkinson, Esq., Skelton, Yorks. ; the Rev. G. Williams,
M.A., Thornhill ; Mrs. Joseph Wright, Oxford; and also the Editors of The Leeds Mercuiy Supple-
ment, The Penrith Observer, Notes and Queries, and The Yorkshire Weekly Post.
I owe most sincere thanks to my senior Assistants, Miss Partridge, Miss Hart, and Miss Yates,
as also to the other Assistants who have helped so faithfully and excellently in the preparation of
this volume. My special thanks are also due to Mr. Horace Hart, Controller of the University
Press, for much valuable advice in regard to the technic of the Dictionary; and also to Mr. Ostler,
the press reader, for the most excellent manner in which he has read the press proofs. I also express my
deep sense of indebtedness and obligation for the bequest of the late Thomas Hallam, Esq., Manchester,
and for the grant from the Royal Bounty Fund made by the Right Hon. A. J. Balfour, M.P., the
First Lord of the Treasury. Had it not been for this timely substantial support, the labours
of hundreds of people, extending over nearly a quarter of a century, would have been spent
in vain ; for I had exhausted all my own mone}', amounting to considerably over ;^2,ooo. And
lastly, to the Delegates of the University Press I owe my best thanks for their great kindness in
providing me with a 'Workshop' at the Press at a nominal rent; but the Delegates, while offering
me every facility for the production of the work, have no responsibility, pecuniary or other, in con-
nexion with it. The whole responsibility of financing and editing the Dictionary rests upon myself
I am therefore all the more grateful to the Subscribers who have supported me in this great and
difficult undertaking. They may rest assured that every effort will be made to maintain the present
quality of the work, and to issue the Parts at regular intervals of six months until the Dictionary
is completed.
Oxford,
Juiu 1898.
JOSEPH WRIGHT.
^"^
LIST OF VOLUNTARY READERS
Addy, S. O., Sheffield.
AiNswoRTH, C, Bolton-Ie-Moors.
Alexander, Miss H. L., Musselburgh.
Allan, E , Newcastle-on-Tjne.
Allen, Mrs. F. A., Uminster.
Andrews, Miss E. J., London, N.W.
Angel, S. F., London, S. E.
Antram, Mrs., Riding Mill-on-Tyne.
Apperson, G. L., Wimbledon.
Arlosh, J., Littlemore, Oxon,
Armitt, Miss S., Ambleside.
Bacon, Rev. M. J., Reading.
Barnes, H. A., Farnworth, R.S.O.
Baron, J., Blackburn.
Barrett. Rev. R., Bepton Rectory.
Barrs, Miss E. A., Rotherhithe, S.E.
Barton, Rev. H. C. M., Christchurch,
Hants.
Bell, O., Tynemouth, Nhumb.
Bellows, M , Upton Knoll, nr. Gloucester.
Bemfold, Miss, Oxford.
Bentinck-Smith, Miss M., Egham.
Berkley, Miss A., Swahvell, R.S.O.,
Durham.
Binns, M., Wilsden, Yorks
Blandford, Dr. G. F., London, W.
Blomeley, S., Manchester.
Boone, Miss, Ramsgate.
Boswell- Stone, W. G., Beckenham.
BousFiELD, Rev. G. B. R., London. W.
BousFiELD, Miss L., Bury St Edmunds.
Bradbury, H., Ashton-under-Lyne.
Bradley, Rev. E. , Grantham.
Bradley, W. , Worcester.
Bramwell, Miss F., London, S.W.
Brierley, G. H. , CardilT.
Brothers, R. G., Poynton, Cheshire.
Brown, G. H., Matlock.
Brown. Rev. G. JL, Gigglcswick.
Browne, Miss E. M.. Newcastle-on-Tyne.
Browne, Mrs.W., Worcester.
Brownlie, Rev. J., Portpatrick, N.B.
Brushfield, Dr. T. N. , Budleigh-Salterton.
Bryce. Dr. A., Birmingham.
BuBB, Miss A., Malvern Wells.
BucKMAN, S. S., Cheltenham.
Bulloch, J., Aberdeen.
Bullock. C. J., Wilmslow, Cheshire.
BuRNE, Miss C. .S., Eccleshall, StaUj.
Burr, H. W., Sheffield.
BuKSON, W., Shrewsbury.
Burton, Miss E. F. , Carlisle,
BuRiT, G. W., Newcastle-on-Tyne.
Burtwhistle, A., Skipton.
Busk, Miss R. H., London, W.
Butler, S. I., Lambeth.
Butterworth, J., Oldham.
Byles, Mrs. S. A., Bradford.
VOL. I.
Cameron, Miss L, Birkenhead.
Canny, Mrs. C. R., London, N.W.
Carter, Miss A. Q. . Manchester.
Carter, Miss M. H., Headington Hill,
Oxon.
Catherwood, MissE., West Norwood, S.E.
Chalmers, Miss E. N., Newport, Pembroke.
Chamberlain, Rev. F. W., Exeter.
Charleton, R. J., Newcastle-on-Tyne.
Chore, R. Pearse, Bayswater, W.
Christie, C, Aberdeen.
Clapham, J., Bradford.
Clarke, R. G., Stroud Green, W.
Clarke, R. J., London, N.
Cochrane, F. S., Matlock Bridge.
Cole, Rev. R. E., Lincoln.
Colfox, W., Bridport.
Collier, Rev. C. V., Gt. Ayton, Yorks.
Combs, Miss M. J. L, Leytonstone, E.
Cooke, Rev. E. A., Bradford.
Cooke, Miss L., Newcastle-on-Tyne.
Copley, A. B., Leicester.
Courtney, Miss M. A., Penzance.
CowiE, Miss H., Troon, Ayrshire.
Craven, S. K., Bradford.
Crawhall, Miss M. V., Newcastleon-
Tyne.
Crofton, Rev. A., Settle.
CuRGENVEN, J. B., Hvde Park, W.
CuRGENVEN, Miss R. M , Hyde Park, W.
Curtis, F. J., Beith, N.B.
Dale, Rev. B., Bradford.
Dallas, A. K., Glcnluce, N.B.
Dartnell, G. E., Salisbury.
Darwood, J. W. , Cambridge.
Davies, Rev. T. L. O., Woolston, South-
ampton.
Dawson, W. H.
Deedes, Rev. C, Brighton.
Ditchfield, Rev. P. H., Wokingham,
Berks.
Dixon, D. D., Rothbury, Nhumb.
Dutchburn, a., Fillingham, nr. Lincoln.
Dymond, C. W., Ambleside.
Eagleston, Miss A., Oxford.
Eagleston, Miss R., Oxford.
Ellis, Miss Beth, Wigan.
Ellis. Miss C, Belgrave. nr. Leicester.
Elworthy, F. T. , Wellington, Somerset.
Evelyn-White, Rev. C. H., Chesham,
Bucks.
Federer, Prof. C. A., Bradford.
Ferrand, Miss E., Hudderstield.
Firth, F. H., Ashhiirton.
Fletcher, E. H.. Skipton.
FoRsTER, G, B., Corbridge, R.S.O.
FoRSTER, T. E. . Corbridge, R.S.O.
Fowler, J. T., Winterton.
Fowler, Miss W. M. E., Liphook, Hants.
Foxley, Rev J., Worksop.
Frankland M., Ossett.
Eraser, H. E., M.B., Inverness.
Freeman, Rev. E. V., Dulverton.
French, E., Redhill, Surrey.
Fulcher, Miss A. G., Dereham, Norf.
Gatty, Rev. R., Rotherham.
Gem, Miss, Carlisle.
Gibson, Rev. A., Perth.
Goddard, Rev. C. V., Shrewton.
Goddard, Rev. E. H., Wootton Bassctt,
Wilts.
Gosselin, Miss G. H, , Guernsey.
GossELiN, H , Ware, Herts.
Gottheil, Miss, Bradford.
GoTTO, Rev. E, K., Braunton, Devon.
Grandage, J., Bradford.
Green, Miss, Thornton Heath Surrey.
Green, Rev. J. H., Huddersfield.
Green, Miss K. M.. Liverpool.
Greenstock, Rev. Canon, Exeter.
Greg. Miss E. M., Handforth, nr. Man-
chester.
Gregor, Rev. W., LL.D., Fraserburgh.
GuNN, W., Edinburgh.
Gurney, Miss A., London, W.
GuTCH, Mrs., York.
Hailstone, A., Manchester.
Hankinson, G. H. , Manchester.
Harbottle, J., Gateshead-on-Tyne.
Harkness, D., Carlisle.
Harris. Miss M. D., Oxford.
Hart, Miss, Oxford.
Hart, Miss B., Oxford.
Hawell, Rev. J., Middlesborough.
Havlock, J. F., Stretford, Manchester.
Hemington, J., Birmingham.
Henderson. Miss F. L., Truro.
Hesketh. W., Harliston.
Heslop, R. O., Corbridge, R.S.O.
Hill, Rev. A D., Salisbury.
Hill, T. A., Plumtree. nr. Nottingham.
HiLLENNE, H. J , King's L3'nn.
Hills, W. H , Ambleside.
Hodgson, J. G., Newcastle-on-Tyne.
Hogg, Miss M., London, S.W.
Holden, Mrs., Twickenham.
HoLGATE, C. W. , Salisbury.
Holland, R., Warrington.
HoLMDEN, Miss W., Birmingham.
Homer, J. K., Dudley.
HoMERSHAM, Miss M. C , Canterbury.
Hone, J. K., Dudley.
Hooper, J., Norwich.
LIST OF VOLUNTARY READERS
Hooper. Rev. J. W., Gateshead.
Hope, Miss G., Redliill, Surrey.
HoRSLEY, Miss S., O-xford.
Howard, R. H., Masham, Yorks.
Hudson, Rev. Canon J. C, Horncastle,
Hudson, J. K.,B.A.,Longsight, Manchester.
Hull, R , Byfield, Northants.
HuLME, E. C, S. Kensington, S.W.
HuLME, E. W., S. Kensington, S W.
HuLME, Miss E., S. Kensington, S.W.
Humphreys, A. C, Ealing Dean.
Hunter, Rev. D. , Edinburgh.
Hunter, W. R., Bradford.
Jackson, Miss, Chester.
Jackson, Miss E. M., S. Kensington, S.W.
Jackson, H., Keighley.
Jenkinson, Rev. S. , Malton.
JowETT, J. S., Brighouse, Yorks.
KiDSON, F., Leeds.
KiRBY, Miss S. A., London, W.
Kirk, J. P., Bingham, Notts.
KiRKBY, B., Batley.
Knight, A. L., Leeds.
Knowles, W. J., Ballymena.
Krauss, Mrs. A. M., Maiden, Mass.
Lamburn, J. B., West Kensington Park, W.
Lange, Miss D. G., Oxford,
Langford, Dr, J, A., Birmingham.
Latham, H., Wakefield.
Laurence, Miss E. M., Exeter.
Law, Rev. A., Chippenham.
Lawrance, H., Gainsborough.
Laws, E., Tenby.
Lawson, R., Urmston, nr. Manchester.
Lawton, D. p., Saddleworth.
Laycock, B., Wilsden, Yorks.
Lea, Miss E., West Kirby.
Lea, Miss M. K., West Kirby.
Leach, R. E., Hartlepool.
Leader, Miss, London, S.W.
Leader, Miss E. E , Sheffield.
Lee, M. L., London, W.
Leveson GowER, G , Godstone,
Lewin, D. W., Ramsgate.
Lewis-Jones, W., N. Wales.
Lloyd, Miss E., Crowborough.
LoRiMER, Miss, Oxford.
Lothian, Rev. W.
LowENBERG, Rev. W., Bury.
Lucas, M. B., London, W.
Lyall, Miss E., Wellington, Somerset,
Lyall, Miss L. K., Wellington, Somerset.
Lyall, Miss W., Wellington, Somerset.
Lynn, W. T., Blackheath, S.E.
M'Call, P, J , Dublin.
Macdonell, Mrs. G. P., London, W.
Mackay, M., Newcastle-on-Tyne.
Maddison, R. D., Barnsley.
Major, Miss K. J.. Derby.
Mammatt. Miss W., Ilklcy, Yorks.
Mann, Miss, Warwick.
Mansergh, J. F , Liverpool.
March, J. E., Dorchester.
Marsh, Miss M. A., Dorking.
Mathwin, H., B a., Southport.
May I\Iiss E., Birmingham.
Mayhew, Mrs., Oxford.
Mayhew, Rev. A. L., Oxford.
Maylam, p., Canterbury.
Mereuiiii, Miss, Oxford.
Merryweather, Miss M., Ipswich.
Metcalfe, J., Baildon,
Milroy, Miss H., Gateshead.
Mitchell, Rev. Dr. J., South Leith.
Moberly, Rev. G. H , Bradford-on-Avon.
MoLYNEUx, E. K , Woodford.
Moore, A., Dover.
MuRisoN, W., Aberdeen.
Murray, E., Beckenham.
Murray, L., Beckenham,
Murray, W., Beckenham.
Musters, Mrs. L. C, Bingham, Notts.
Nash, Mrs., Bolton-le-Moors.
Negus, Rev. S. , Jamaica.
Newboult, F. J., Bradford.
Nicholson, Miss A. F., Lewes.
Nicholson, J., Hull.
NooTT, Rev. J. F., Wangford.
Norton, C. H. B., Nottingham.
OsTLE, Rev. J. S., Penrith.
Owen, Miss R., New York.
Palgrave, Rev. F., Canterbury.
Palmer, Mrs. Smythe, Woodford,
Palmer, Rev, A. Smythe, Woodford.
Parish, Rev. W. D., Polegate.
Pawson, T., Bradford.
Peacock, E,, Kirton in-Lindsey.
Peacock, Miss M,, Kirton-in-Lindsey.
Peattie, Rev. G,, Stranraer, NB.
Pendlebury, T., London, N.E,
Pengelly, W., F.R.S., Torquay.
Penny, Rev, C. W., Wellington College,
Berks.
Peter, T. C, Redruth.
Pigott, Miss E. p., Oxford.
Pilling, A., Rochdale.
Pinnock, T., Birmingham.
Plenderleath, Rev. W. C, Exeter.
Porter, R. V., Beckenham.
Potter, G. W. J., S. Woodford.
PowLEY, J., Langwathby, Cumb.
Prevost, Dr. E. W., Newnham, Gloucester.
Pringle, p. D., Bradford.
Reeve, Miss E., Brentwood.
Roberts, Miss, Bradford.
Robertson, Rev. G. P., Stranraer, N, B,
Rogers, Rev. C. F. , Helston, Cornwall.
Romanes, Miss M., Oxford.
RooFE, W.. Wandsworth, S.W.
Rose, N., Birmingham.
Rowell, G., Newcastleon-Tyne.
Sanderson, W. J., Hampstcad, N.W.
Satterthwaite, W., Hawkshcad.
Sawyer, F. E., F.S.A., Brighton.
Scarse, C, E,, Birmingham.
Seward, H., Balham Hill, London, S,W.
Shadwell, L. L., Marylebone, W.
Sharples, L B , Radclifte, Lane.
Shaw, Rev. W. F., Huddersfield.
Shearer, Prof. W. C, Bradford.
Shepherd, Miss H. F. , Settle.
Shiach, Mrs. M., Portobcllo, N.B.
Shuffrey, Rev. W. A., Skipton.
Sills, Mrs. C. L., Nottingham.
Singleton, Rev. J, S, F., Weston super-
Mare,
Skeat, Rev, Prof, W. W., Cambridge,
Skevves, Miss, Oxford.
Smith, E., Birmingham.
Smith, E., Walthamstow.
Smith, G. A., Scarborough,
Smith, Rev, G, W., Sheffield,
Speight, E. E., B.A., London, E.G.
Stafford, R., Ashtonunder-Lyne.
Steggall, J., London, W.C.
Stokes, Dr., Sheffield.
Strachan, Miss C. J., Reading.
Strachan, L. R. M., Oxford.
Stuttard, H. P., Bradford.
Sugars, J, E,, Manchester.
SuGDEN, E, H,, Bradford.
Sumner, Miss, Grasmere,
Sutton, A., London, W.C.
Sutton, C. W., Manchester.
Sykes, E. W., Oxford.
Taylor, E., Goole.
Thomas, E. J., Birmingham.
Thompson, Miss, Settle.
Thompson, Miss F. P.. Settle.
Thomson, Miss C, Solihull, Warw.
Thomson, Miss M., Teddington.
Threlkeld, Miss, Oxford.
Tinker, H,, Huddersfield.
Turner, J,, Bradford,
Turner, Miss, Gloucester.
TwEDDELL, G. M., Stokesley, Yorks.
TwEDDELL, Mrs., Stokesley, Yorks.
Tyson, Miss M., Folkestone.
Unwin, Miss D., Shipley, Yorks,
Varnish, E. G., Maida Vale, W.
Waddington, G. W., Whitby,
Walker, Rev. G. G , Spilsby, Line.
Walker, H., M,A,, Retford, Notts.
Walter, Miss P, E. F., Wellington, Somer-
set,
Warburton, S., Broughton Park, Man-
chester.
Ward, H., Bradford.
Warrack, Rev. A., Stranraer, N.B.
Washbourne, Rev. J. K., Gloucester.
Waterhouse, a. G., Pendleton, nr. Man-
chester.
Watson, C, Nottingham.
Weaver, Rev. F. W., Evercreech, Somerset.
Webber, Miss M. A., Maidenhead.
Wheatley, a., Bradford.
Wheeler, M., Bradford.
Whelpton, Miss M. W., Oxford.
White, Rev. E. C. H., Chesham.
White, R., Worksop, Notts.
Whitwell, R. J., Kendal.
Wildridge, T. T., Hull.
Wilkinson, L, Skelton, Yorks.
Wilkinson. Miss, Cambridge.
W1LLIA.MS, Miss F. A,, Salisbury.
Williams, Rev. G., Stirling.
Willis, Dr., Bradford.
Wilson, Miss A, G., Scarborough.
Wilson, D., Windermere.
Wilson, MissE. L., Stockfield-on-Tyne.
Wilson, H. A., Oxford.
Wiper, W., Manchester.
Woodcock, L., Etwall, Derby.
WooLWARD, Miss E., Grantham.
Wright, J., Oxford.
Wright, Mrs. E. M., Oxford.
Wright, Miss S. L. P., Scarborough.
Wright, W. H. K., Plymouth.
Wroot, H. E., Bradford.
Wkotteslev, F. J., London, N.W.
LIST OF UNPRINTED COLLECTIONS OF DIALECT WORDS
QUOTED IN THE DICTIONARY BY THE INITIALS OF THE COMPILERS
Abbott, R. L. [Not,")
ACKERNLEY, M. [w.YkS.]
Adair, J. [Cum.1
Addy, S. O. [w.Yks.]
Alderson, E. S. [Yks.]
Allen, Mrs. F. A. [Dev., Som.]
Amerv, p. F. S. [Dev.]
Anon. [Men., Or.I., Sh.I., Wor.] Coll.
L.L.B.
Arlosh, J. [Sc, Nhb.,Cum.]
Armitage, Miss. [e.Yks.]
Atkinson, J. [Wm.]
Aykroyd, H. E. [Tech. terms, Yks.]
Bacon, Rev. M. J. [Brks.]
Ballard, H. [ne.Hrf.] Coll. L.L.B.
Banting, W. B. [Brks.] Co//. L.L.B.
Barker, Rev. J. [War.]
Barnes, W. [Dor.] Coll. L.L.B.
Barton, Rev. H. C. M. [Hmp.]
Batson, Miss H. M. [Brks.]
Beesley, T. [Oxf.] Coll. L.L.B.
Bentinck-Smith, Miss M. [Var. dial.]
Berkley, Miss A. [Dur.]
Betham. C. G. de. rSuf.]
Bingham, C. W. [Dor.]
BiNNs, JE. [w.Yks.]
Birley, J. [Der.]
Blair, R., F.S.A. [Var. dial.]
Bradley, Rev. E. [Lin.]
Bradley, W. [Wor.]
Bramble, J. R. (Som.]
Braund, G. [Dev.]
Brenan, Rev. -S. A. [Ant.]
Brigg, J. J. [w Yks.]
Brookes, W. M. [Cmb.]
Brown, J. H. [Not.]
BuBB, Miss A. [Glo.]
Buckingham, J. H. [Min. terms, Yks.]
Buckman, S. S. [Glo.]
Bullock, C. J. [Lan., Chs.]
Burgess, Rev. B. (Hrt.]
Burgon, J. W. [Bdf 1
Burr, H. W. [Cum.]
Butler, S. I. [w.Yks. and Nrf.]
Byles, Mrs. S. A. [Tech. terms, w.Yks.]
Carter, Miss M. H. [Ess.]
Castle, J. [Oxf.]
Castleman, W. H. [Glo.]
Chadwick, S. J. [Min. terms, w.Yks.]
Chalmers, A. E. [w.Yks]
Chalmers, Miss E. N. [Var. dial.]
Chalmers, F. R. [Lan.l
Chamberlain, Rev. F. W. [Dev.]
Chore, R. P. [Dev.]
Clapham, J. [w.Yks.]
Clarke, R. G. [Var. dial.]
Clear, A. [n.Bck.]
Cole, Rev. R. E. [sw.Lin.]
CoLFox, W. [Dor.]
Collier, Rev. C. V. [Quarry terms, Yks.]
Collins. A. [Per.]
Combs, Miss M. J. \. [Var. dial.]
Conder, E. [Wm.]
Cooke, J. H. [Glo.] Coll. L.L.B.
Cooper, Rev. T. S. [sw.Sur.]
Cotton. J. [MS. Additions to Ray.]
Coulthard, Rev. H. [Cum.]
Courtney, Miss M. A. [Cor.]
Craven, S. K. [w.Yks.]
Crofton, Rev. A. [Yks., Lan.]
Cuming, W. [Dor.]
Curry, Dr. [MS. Additions to Grose.]
D. A. [MS. Additions to Grose.]
Daniels, W. H. [n.Dev.]
Darlington, T. [Var. dial.]
Dartnell, G. E. [s.Wil., var. dial.]
Darwood, J. W. [Cmb.]
Davey, F. H. [Cor.]
Davidson, Rev. J. S. [Yks.]
Davies, Rev. J. [Lan.]
Davies, Rev. T. L. O. [Hmp.]
Davis, J. [Hrf.] Coll. L.L.B.
Dent, Miss J. E. [Dur.]
Denwood. J. [Cum.]
Dickinson, J. W. [w.Yks.]
DiTCHFiELD, Rev. P. H. [Brks.]
Douglas, E. [s.Pem., Shr.]
Douglas, Miss. [Dev., Cor.]
Dymond, C. W. [Lan.]
Eaden, H. W. [Hmp.]
Eagleston, J. [Oxf.]
Fames, F. [Var. dial.]
Eaton, Rev. W. R. [Nrf.]
Edmundson, J. [Tech. terms.]
Ellacombe, Rev. H. T. [Glo.]
Ellin, T. R. [w.Yks.]
Ellis, Miss C. [Lei.]
Ellwood, Rev. T. [Wm.]
Elworthy, F. T. [Som.]
Emerson, P. H. [Nrf.]
Evans, W. H. [Var. dial.]
Federer, Prof. C. A. [Yks.]
Feltoe, Rev. C. L. [Suf.]
Fennell. C. A. M. [Cmb.]
Ferim, T. P. [Hnt.]
Ferrand, Miss E. [w.Yks.]
Field, Rev. T. [Lin.]
Fowler, Rev. J. C. [Yks.]
Fowler, J. T. Inw.Lin.]
Fowler, Miss W. M. E. [Yks. and Hmp.]
Frankland, M. [lech, terms, w.Yks.]
Fraser, H. E., M.B. [Inv. I
Freeman, Rev. E. V. [n.Dev.]
French, E. [Var. dial.]
Freshfield, E., a Collection of Commoner
Words ' used at Winch. School,
Fulcher, Miss A. G. [Nrf.]
Gardner, Miss G. [Ken.]
Gardner, W. [War.]
Garrett, W. [n.Cy.] Coll. L.LB,
Goddard, Rev. C. V. [w. Dor.]
Goddard, Rev. E. H. [n.Wil.]
GossELiN, H. [Hrt.]
GoTTO, Rev. E. R. [Dev.]
Grandage, J. [Tech. terms, Yks.]
Grant, W. A. [Sh.I.] Colt. L.L.B.
Graub, W. A. [Sh.I.]
Green, Rev. J. H. [w.Yks.]
Green, Miss K. M. [Wil.]
Greene, W. H. [Hrf.] Coll. L.L.B.
Greenwood, E. [Tech. terms, Yks.]
Greg. Miss E. M. [Chs.]
Gregg, J. C. [Hrf] Coll. L.L.B.
Gregor, Rev. W. [Sc ]
Gregory, Miss M. [w.Yks.]
Griffith, Rev. J., D.D. [Hrt.]
Gurney, Miss A. [Nrf.]
Hall, F. [Suf.]
Hallam, T. [nw.Der.]
Hallward, Rev. J. T. [Hrt]
Hamilton, Rev. C. W. [w.Yks]
Hankinson, G. H. [Chs., s.Der., Stf]
Harbottle, J. [Nhb.]
Harris, W. [Not.]
Hart, H. C. |n.lr.]
Haylock. J. F. [Lan.]
Healey, T. H. [Tech. terms, Yks.]
Heckley, W. [n. and e.Yks.]
Henderson, Miss F. L. [Cor.]
Hetworth, S. C. [Tech. terms, Yks.]
Hesketh, W. [s.Nrf ]
Heslop, R. O. [Nhb.]
Hewett, Mrs. S. [Dev.]
Hey, H. [Tech. terms, Yks.]
Hill, Rev. A. D. [Winch. School.]
Hill. J. [n.Yks.]
Hill, T. A. [Not.]
HiLLENNE, H. J. [Nrf.]
Hills, W. H. [Wm.]
Hodgson, J. [n.Cy., var. dial]
Hodson, C. F. [Hrt.]
b2
XII
UNPRINTED COLLECTIONS QUOTED BY INITIALS
HoLDERNESS. T. [e.Yks.]
Hole, R. [MS. Additions to Grose.]
HoLMDEN, Miss W. [Var. dial.]
Hooper, J. [Nrf.]
Hooper, Rev. J. W. [Var. dial.]
Hopkins, Rev. G. M. [Ir.J
Howard, R. H. [Yks.]
Hudson, J. K, B.A. [Lan.]
HurroN, Mrs. H S. [Glo.]
Jones, J. [Glo., m.Hrf.] Coll. L.L.B.
Jones, J. S. [Not.]
Jones, T. K. [Fit.]
Joyce, P. W. [Ir.]
Just, — [Wm.]
Rennet, W. [MS. GI. c. 1700.]
Kewley, J. [Der., Stf.]
KiDsoN, F. [Yl<s., Lan.l
KiNGSFORD, Rev. H. [Wor.]
Kipling, T. [Yks.]
KiRBY. Miss S. A. [Var. dial.]
Kirk, J. P. [s.Not]
KiRKBY, B. [n.Wm.,Yks.]
Knowles, W. J. [Ir.]
Lach-Szyrma, Rev. W. S. [Cor.]
Langford, J. A [Stf]
Latham, H. [w.Yks.]
Law, Rev. A. [Wil ]
Lawrence, T. [Lan.] Coll. L.L.B.
Laws, E. [s.Pem.]
Lawson, Rev. R. [Won]
Lawton, D. [Tech. terms, Yks.]
L. E. [Sh.I.] Coll. L.L.B.
Lea, Miss E. [Var. dial.]
Leach, R. E. [Dur.]
Lee, J. [Lan.]
Lee, Mrs. M. [Shr.]
Lee, p. F. [Min. terms, Yks.]
Leech, R. E. [Suf.]
Lewin, D. W. [Ken.]
Lewis, Rev. J. S. [Mtg]
Littledale, H. a. [w.Yks.] Coll. L.L.B.
Lloyd, Miss E. [w.Yks.]
Lloyd-Price, W. [Dev.]
LowRV. W. D. [Cor.]
Lupton. F. M. [w.Yks.]
Lyall, Miss L. K. [Som.]
Lysoxs, S. [Glo]
M'-Call, p. J. [Ir.]
Madden, Sir F. [MS. Additions to Grose.J
Manley, H. [Var. dial.]
Mansel, G. [Dor.]
Mason, J., M D. [Wm.]
Mathwin, H. [Ken.]
Matthew, Miss E. [Nrf.]
May, Miss E. |Wor.]
Mavlam, p. [Ken.]
Mayor, J. E. B. [Yks.]
Meredith, Miss. [Glo.]
Merrick, W. P. [Mid.]
MiLLETT, F. W. [Cor.]
MiLROY, Miss H. [Gall., Nhb., n.Yks.]
MiNCHiN, Rev. H. H. [Ess.]
Moon, Miss M. S. [Cav.]
Moore, R. W. [Wor.]
Morris, E. R. [Mtg.]
Morris, Rev. M. C. F. [Yks.]
Morris, Rev. W. M. [s.Pem.]
MuNBY, A. J. [Var. dial.]
Murray, E. [Ir.]
Musters, Mrs. L. C. [Not.]
Myers, J. [Tech. terms, Yks.]
Newboult, F. J. [Tech. terms, Yks.]
Northrop, M. [w.Yks.]
Norton, C. H. B. [Nrf.]
Oddie, Rev. J. W. [Cum.]
Ostle, Rev. J. S. [Cum.]
Palmer, Miss. [Ker.]
Palme i, Rev. A. Smythe. [Var. dial.]
Parker, G. [Chs.]
Parker, Mrs. G. | Oxf.]
Parkin, W. W. [Yks. I
Partridge, J. W. [ne.Wor.]
Paiterson, G. [Nnd.]
Patterson, W. H. [n.Ir.]
Paul, C. K. [Dor.]
Peachey, G. C. [Brks.]
Peacock, Miss M. [Lin.]
Peel, R. [Lan.]
Pegge, S. [MS. Additions to Grose.]
Pengelly, W. [sw.Dev.]
Peter, T. C. [Cor.]
Petrie, G. [Or. I.] Coll. L.L.B.
Pigott, Miss E. P. [Var. dial.]
Pilling, A. [Lan.]
Pinnock, T. [s.Stf.]
Piper, Mrs. A. M. F. [Hrf.] ColL L.L B.
Plesderleath, Rev. W. C. [WiL]
PowLEY, Miss M. [Cum.]
Prevost, E. W. [Cum.]
Priestley, J. [w.Yks.]
Punchard, Rev. E. G. [Suf.]
Radcliffe, p. [Var. dial.]
Rayner, F. [Tech. terms, Y'ks.]
Rhodes, J. [w.Yks.1
Richards, Rev. T. H. [Lin.l
Ridgway, M. [w.Yks.] Coll. L.L.B.
Robertson, J. D. [Var. dial.]
Robinson, C. C. [Yl-s.]
Robinson, C. J. [Hrf.] Coll. L.L.B.
Rogers, Rev. C. F. [Cor.]
Rope, Miss M. E. [Suf.]
Rose, N. [War.]
Rose, Rev. W. F. [Som.]
RowBOTTOM, H. [Der.]
Rowland, Miss M. A. [Oxf., Ess.]
RowNTREE, J. S. [Yks.]
RuDD, R. H. [w.Yks.]
Rundle, Rev. S. [w.Cor.]
Ryland, J. W. [War.]
Sandys, W. [Cor.]
Satterthwaite, W. [n.Lan.] .
Sawyer, F. E. [Sus.J
Scot, S. A. [Or.I.]
Scott, R. [Tech. terms, Yks.]
Shaw, Rev. W. F. [Ken.]
Shepherd, Miss H. F. [w.Yks.]
Singleton, Rev. J. S. F. [Glo., Som.]
Skeat, Rev. Prof. W. W. [Var. dial.]
Slingsby, W. C. [w.Yks.]
Smith, E. [War.]
Smith, W. H. [Yks.]
Southall, Miss M. L. [Shr., Hrf.]
Stevenson, W. H. [Not.]
Stock, J. [Tech. terms, Yks.]
Strong, W. A. [Won]
SuTCLiFFE, H. [Tech. terms, Yks.]
Sutton, E. [n.Lin.]
Sutton, T. S. [Wil.]
Sykes, Dr. W. [Var. dial.]
Tate, T. [w.Yks.]
Terry, C. [Suf.]
Thompson, Miss C. [w.Yks.]
Thompson, Miss F. P. [w.Yks.]
Thompson, G. H. [Nhb.]
Thornton, W. [Tech. terms, Y'ks.]
Thorpe, D. [Min. terms, Yks.]
Tomline, G. H. [s.War.] Coll. L.L.B. ■
Tomlinson, Mrs. J. [Wm.]
Turner, J. [Tech. terras, Yks. and Min.
terms, Stf.]
Turner, W. B. [w.Yks.]
Twistleton, T. [w.Yks.]
Tyson, Miss M. [e.Ken.]
Unwin, S. P. [w.Yks.]
Vernon, C. J. [I.W.]
Vint, W. H. [Quarry terms, w.Yks.]
Waddington, G. W. [Yks.]
Waddell, Rev. C. H. [Dwn.]
Walker, G. B. [w.Yks.]
Walker, Rev. G. G. [e Lin.]
Walker, H. [Cum., Not.]
Walker, J. T. [Yks.]
Walmsley, E. [Tech. terms, Y'ks.]
Warburton, S. [Lan.]
Washbourne, Rev. J. K. [Glo.]
Watson, C. [w.Yks.]
Watson, Miss M. [Ess.]
Waugh, E. [Lan.]
Westlake, Prof. J. [w.Con]
White, R. [Not.]
Wilkinson, Miss. [Van dial.]
Wilkinson, I. [n.Yks.]
Williams, Rev. G. [Sc]
Williams, Rev. W. P. [Som.]
Wilson, A. G. [Lan.]
Wilson, J. | Hrt.]
Wise, J. R. [Wan, Hmp.]
Woodhouse, R. [Hrf.] Coll. L.L.B.
WooLWARD, Miss E. I Lan., Lin.]
Wordsworth, Rev. C. [Don]
Wright, J [w.Yks.]
Wroot, H. E. [e. and w.Yks.]
Young, Rev. W. H. [Var. dial.]
LIST OF CORRESPONDENTS
QUOTED IN THE DICTIONARY BY THEIR INITIALS
Abbott, R. L., Oxford. [Not.]
Adair, J., Egremont. [Cum.l
Addy, S. O., Sheffield. [w.Yks.]
Alderson, E. S., Wakefield. [w.Yks.]
Andk^, J. L., Horsham. [Sus.]
Atkinson, A., Brigg. [Lin.]
Aylward, T. G., Hereford. [Hrf.]
Bacon, Rev. M. J., Reading. rBrks.,Cmb.]
Bamford, F. [Tech. terms, Yks.]
Baring, F. H., London, W. [Sus.,Hmp.]
Barker, Rev. J., Eardisland. [Hrf.]
Barlow, Miss J., Raheny, S.O. [Ir.]
Barrett, Rev. R., Bepton. [m.Sus.l
Barton, Rev. H. C. M., Ringwood. [Hmp.]
Bealby, J. T., Finchley, N. [Lin.]
Beckett, J., Whitchurch. [Shr.]
Belcher, Miss M. E., Abingdon. [Brks.]
Bell, C. C, Epworth, nr. Melton Mowbray,
[Lei.]
Benifold, Miss K., Oxford. [Oxf.]
Bentinck-Smith, Miss M., Egham. [Ir.]
Berkley, Miss A., Swalwell. [Dur.]
Betham, C. G. de, Brettenham. [Suf.]
Bevan, C. N., Lynmouth. [Dev.]
BiNNS, JE.., Wilsden. [w.Yks.]
Bird, Rev. M. C. H., Stalham. [Nrf.]
Blakeborough, R., Stockton-on-Tees.
[n.Yks.]
Bond, N., Wareham. [s.Dor.]
Boswell-Stone, W. G., Beckenham. [Dor.]
Bosworth, Rev. R. P., Fakenham. [Nrf.]
Bousfield, Rev. G. B. R., London, W.
[Lon.]
Bradley, W., Worcester. [Wor]
Brassington, W. S., Stratford-on-Avon.
[War.]
Brenan, Rev. S. a., Knockiiacarry. [Ant.]
Brown, Rev. R.H., Southport [w.Yks.]
Brown, Rev. T. E., Ramsay, I. Ma. [LMa.]
Brushfield, Dr. T. N., Budleigh-Salterton.
[Dev.]
Buckman, S. S., Cheltenham. [Glo.]
Bumby, F. E., Nottingham. [Not.]
Burne, Miss C. S., Cheltenham. [Shr., Stf.]
Burr, H. W., Sheffield. [w.Yks.]
Burson, W., Shrewsbury. [Shr.]
Cambridge, Rev. O. P., Bloxworth. [Dor.]
Carter, Miss A., Manchester. [Lan.]
Casson, J., Seathwaite. [Cum.]
Caux, J. W. PE, Great Yarmouth. [Nrf.]
Cave, E. L., Bromyard. [Hrf.]
Chadwick, .S. J., Dewsbury. [w.Yks.]
Chafy-Chafy, Rev. W. K. W.,Rous Lcnch.
[Wor.]
Chamberlain, Rev. F.W., Exeter. [Dev.]
Chope, R. p., Bayswater, W. [Dev.]
Clapham, J., Bradford. [w.Yks.]
Clarkson, G., Hull. [e.Yks.]
Clear, A., Winslow. [n.Bck.]
Coats, Mrs., Paisley. [Sc. 1
Codrington, Rev. R. H.,Chichester. [Sus.]
Cole, Rev. E. M., Wetwang. [e.Yks.]
Cole, Rev. R. E., Doddington. [sw.Lin.]
Cooper, Rev. T. S.,Chiddingfold. [sw.Sur.]
Cornish, J. B., Penzance. [Cor.]
CouLTHARD, Rev. H., Kendal. [Cum.]
Courtney, Miss M. A., Penzance. [Cor.]
Cowie, Miss H., Troon. [Slk.]
Cozens-Hardy, H., Norwich. [Nrf.]
Cramond, W., Cullen. [Bnff., Kcd., Abd.]
Crashaw. C. B., Dewsbury. [w.Yks.]
Craven, S. K., Bradford. [w.Yks.]
Crockett, S. R., Penicuik. [Gall.]
Crofton, Rev. A., Settle. [w.Yks.]
Dand, M. H. [Nhb.]
Darlington, TP., West Dulwich. [Chs.]
Dartnell, G. E.. Salisbury. [Wil.]
Davidson, Rev. J. S.,Full Sutton. [w.Yks.]
Davies, Rev. T. L. O., Woolston. [Hmp.]
Dennis, Rev. P. G., N. Luffenham. [Rut.,
Nhp.]
DncHFiELD, Rev. P. H., Wokingham.
[Brks.]
DixoN, D. D., Rothbury. [Nhb.]
DowDEswELL, Rev. E. R., Tewkesbury.
[Glo.]
Downey, A., Hanley. [Ir.]
Eaden, H. W., Jotton. [Hmp.]
Edgecumb, Mrs. R. M., Hanley Castle.
[Hrf., Wor.]
Ellis. Miss C, Leicester. [Lei.]
Elworthy, F. T., Wellington. [Som. and
n.Dev.]
Evans, J. Y., Talgarth. [Gmg.]
Farquharson, Rev. J., Selkirk. [Slk.]
Faull, W., St. Ives. [Cor.]
Faunthorpe, Rev. J. P., Chelsea. [Lin.]
Feltoe, Rev. C. L. , Bury St. Edmunds.
[Suf.]
ffrench. Rev. J. F. M., Clonegal. [Ir.]
Field, Rev. T., Brigg. [Lin.]
Firth, J., Bradford. [w.Yks.]
FiSHWicK, H., Rochdale. [Lan.]
Forster,T. E.,Corbridge, R.S.O. [Nhb.]
Foster, J., Beith. [Ayr.]
Fowler, Rev. W., Liverscdge. [w.Yks.]
Fowler, W. W., Oxford. [Birds.]
Fox, Rev. E. S., Snaith. [w.Yks.]
Frankland, M., Ossett. [w.Yks.]
Eraser, H. E., Dundee. [Inv.]
Eraser, W. C, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
[Sc]
Frost, J., Limerick. [Ir.]
Fulcher, Miss A. G., Dereham. [Nrf.]
Giles, P., Cambridge. [Abd.]
Goddard, Rev. C. V., Maddington. [Dor.]
Goddard, Rev. E. H., Wootton Bassett.
[Wil.]
Goldthorpe, W., Levenshulme. [Lan.]
GoMME, Mrs. A. B., London, N.W. [Var.
dial.]
Gosselin, Miss G. H., Guernsey. [Hrt]
Gould, H., Crewkerne. [e.Som.]
Green, Miss G. L., Thornton Heath. [Sur.]
Green, J., Sunderland. [Nhb.]
Greenwood, J. [Nhb.]
Grierson, Prof. H. J. C, Aberdeen.
[Or.I.]
GuNN, J., Edinburgh. [Or.I.]
Hall, F., Marlesford. [Suf.]
Hallward, Rev. J. T., Harlow. [Hrt.]
Hardy, Dr. J., Cockburnspath. [Nhb.]
Hardy, T., Dorchester. [Dor.]
Harris, Miss M. D., Leamington. [War.]
Hartland, E. S., Highgarth. [Glo.]
Hartley, J., Leeds. [w.Yks.]
Hawell, Rev. J., Ingleby Greenhow.
[Cum.]
Hawes, Miss S. P., Richmond. [Ess.]
Heslop, R. O., Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
[Nhb.]
Hewett, Mrs. S., Lynton. [Dev.]
Hill, T. A., Plumtree. [Not.]
Hills, W. H., Ambleside. [Wm.]
Holland, R., Frodsham. [Chs.]
Hooper, J.. Norwich. [Nrf]
Howard, R. H., Mashara. [Yks.]
Hudson, Rev. Canon J. C., Horncastle.
[Lin.]
HuTTON, Mrs. H. S., Stroud. [Glo.]
Irvine, Miss K., Lerwick. [Sh.I.]
Irwin, A. J., Ballyortan. [Ir.]
Jackson, Miss G. F., Chester. [Shr.]
Jackson, W., Masham Mill. [n.Yks.]
Jakobsen, J., Copenhagen. [Sh.I.]
Jephson, Rev. J. M. [Ess.]
Jowett, J. S., Brighouse. [w.Yks.]
Joyce, P. W., Rathmines. [s.Ir.]
XIV
LIST OF CORRESPONDENTS QUOTED BY INITIALS
Kermode, Rev. S. A. P., Kirk Onchan.
[I. Ma.]
Kewley, Rev. W., Broughton-in-Furness.
[Cum.]
King, J. C , London, N.W. [Brks]
KiNGSFORD, Rev. H., Stou'.ton. [s.Wor.]
Kirk. J. P., Bingham. (Not.]
KiRKBY, B., Batley. [Wm.,w.Yks.]
Knight, A. L., Leeds. [Tech. terms,
Yks.T
-Knowles, W. J., Ballymena. [n.Ir.]
Larcombe, F. W., Wadhurst. [Sus., Som.]
Lawlev, G. F., Bilston. [s.Stf.]
Laws, E., Tenby. [s.Pem.]
Leach, R. E.. Hartlepool. [Dur.]
Lee, Rev. J. N., Cowling. [vv.Yics.]
Lee, Mrs. M., Whitchurch. [Shr.]
Lewin, D. W., Ramsgate. [Ken.]
Lewis. J. S., Welshpool. [Mtg.]
LowsLEY, Col. B., Southsea. [Brks.]
M'EwEN, Mrs. K., Kirkwall. [Or.L]
McLaren, J. W., Edinburgh. [s.Sc]
Mains, J. H., Portland. [Dor.]
Markham, C. a., Northampton. [Nhp.]
Mathwin, H., Birkdale. [Lan., Ken.]
Mayhew, Rev. A. L., Oxford. [Var. dial.]
Mavlam, p., Canterbury. [Ken.]
Mellor, H., Huddersfield. [w.Yks.]
Metcalfe, J., Baildon. [w.Yks.]
Miller, Rev. L., Oxford. [War.]
Minchin, Rev. H.H., Manningtree. [Ess.]
Mitchell, Rev. J., South Leith. [Sc]
Moore, A., Eythorne. [Ken.]
Moore, H. C, Hereford. [Hrf.]
Morris, Rev. M. C. F., Hayton. [n.Yks.]
Morris. Rev. W. M., Treherbert. [s.Pem.]
Moule, H. J., Dorchester. [Dor.]
MuLCAiiY, Very Rev. D. P., Lusk. [Ir.]
MuRisoN, W., Aberdeen. [Abd.]
Murray, Rev. J., Cupar. [e.Sc]
Musters, Mrs. L. C, Bingham. [Not.]
NicHOLL, S., Halifax. [w.Yks.]
Nicholson, J., Hull. [e.Yks.]
Nodal, J. H., Heaton Moor. [Lan.]
Northall, G. F., Erdington. [War.]
Oddie, Rev. J.W., Lyzwick Hall, Keswick.
[Cum.]
OLaverty, Rev. Father, Holywood. [Ir.]
Orger, Rev. E. R., Dover. [Ken.]
Owen, Rev. E., Oswestry. [Mtg.]
Palgrave, Rev. F., Canterbury. [Dur.]
Palmer, Rev. A. Smythe, S. Woodford.
[Var. dial.]
Parish, Rev. W. D., Polegate. [Ken.]
Parker, Mrs , Oxford. [Oxf.]
Patterson, A., Yarmouth. [Nrf.]
Patterson, Miss, Holywood. [Ir.]
Peacock, E., Kirton-in-Lindsey. [n.Lin.]
Peter, T. C, Redruth. [Cor.]
Phipson, E. A., Stratford-on-Avon. [Var.
dial.]
Plummer, Rev. C, Oxford. [Hmp.]
Pope, A., Pendleton. [Stf.]
PowLES, Rev. R. F., Southampton. [Hmp.]
PowLEY, J., Langwathby. [Cum.]
Prickman, J. D., Okehampton. [Dev.]
Punchard, Rev. Dr. E. G., Luton. [Nrf.
and Suf.]
Radcliffe, J., Greenfield. Oldham. [Lan.]
Rawnsley, Rev. Canon H. D., Keswick.
[Wm.]
Raymond, J. T., Upton Snodbury. [Wor.]
Rhodes, J., Keighley. (w.Yks.T
Richards, D. M., Aberdare. [Wal.]
Richards, Rev. T. H., Burton-on-TrenL
[m. and s.Lin]
Robertson, J. D., Richmond Hill. [Glo.]
Rope, Miss M. E., Orford. [Suf.]
Rope, Miss H. J. L., Blaxhall. [Suf.]
Rose, Rev. W. F., Weston-super-Mare.
[Som.]
RowBOTTOM, H., Alfreton. [Der.]
Rowland, Miss M. A., Woodstock. [Oxf.]
RoY, N., Edinburgh. [Sc]
Rudd, R. H., Bradford. [w.Yks.]
Rycroft, Rev. E. H., Newbury. [Hmp.]
Rye, W., London, W. [e.An.]
Ryland, J. W., Rowington. [War.]
Salisbury, J., Little Comberton. [Won]
Salmon, J., Belfast. [Ir.]
Sanders, Rev. F., Hoylake. [Chs.]
Scott, J., Skipton. [w.Yks.]
Shadwell, L. L., Marylebone, W.
[Winch. School ]
Shaw, Rev. W. F., Huddersfield. [Ken.]
Shuffrey, Rev.W. A.Arncliffe. [w.Yks.]
Si.MMONS, D. A., Millyman, Moy. [Ir]
Skyrm, L. M., Heckmondwike. [w.Yks.]
Slingsby, W. C, Skipton. [w.Yks.]
Slow, E., Wilton. [Wil.]
Smith, Rev. C, Whippingham. [I.W.]
Smith, E., Birmingham. [War.]
Snowden, J. K., Leeds. [w.Yks]
Stead, R., Folkestone. [e.Yks.]
Steen, J, Wexford. [Ir.]
Street, E. E., Chichester. [Sus.]
Strong, H. A., Liverpool. [Dev.]
Stephenson, T., Whitby. [n.Yks.]
Stokes, Dr. J., Sheffield. [w.Yks.]
Sugars, J. E., Manchester. [Cum.]
Sutton, C. W., Manchester. |Lan.]
Sweeting, Rev. W. D., Market Deeping.
[Nhp.]
Sweetman, G., Wincanton. [Som.]
Taylor, F. E., Chertsey. [s.Lan.]
Tomes, R. F. [Wor. J
Treloar, Rev. J. P., Brighouse. [Cor.]
Turner, J., Girlington. [w.Yks.]
Tweddell, G. M., Stokesley, Yorks.
[n.Yks.]
Vint, W. H., Idle. [w.Yks.]
Waddington, G. W.,'\Vhitby. [n.Yks.]
Wagstaff, T. B. rWor.]
Wainwright, T., Barnstaple. [Dev.]
Walker, Rev. G. A., Emsworth. [w.Sus.]
Walker, G. B., Tankersley Grange.
[w.Yks.]
Walker, Rev. G. G. , Spilsby. [e.Lin.]
Walker, H. , Headingley. [Not.]
Walter. Rev. J. C, Horncastle. [Lin.]
Warburton, S., Manchester. [Lan.]
Ward, T.. Dewsbury. [w.Yks. J
Wari.ng, Rev. T. P., Desertmartin. [Ir.]
Warrack, Rev. A., Stranraer. [Sc]
Warrington, T. C, Carnarvon. [Stf.]
Watson. Miss M., Tetsworth. [Oxf.]
Watt, Mrs. J. W.. Liverpool. [Dmf.]
Weaver, Rev. F. W., Evercreech. [Som.]
Wilkinso.n, I., Skelton. [n.Yks.)
Williams, Rev. G., Thornhill [Sc]
Williams, Rev. W. P., Weston-super-
Mare. [Som.]
Wilson, Rev. J. B., Knightwick. [Hrf.]
Woodcock, L., Etwall. [Der.]
WooDRUFFE Peacock, Rev. E. A., Brigg.
[Lin.]
Woodward, Rev. F. W. M., Oxford.
[sw.Wor.]
Wordsworth, Rev. C, Tyneham. [Dor.]
Wright, Mrs. E. M., Oxford. [w.Yks.]
Young, R. M., Belfast. [n.Ir.]
Young, Rev. W. H., Wallingford. [Brks.]
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST
REPRESENTED BY NUMBERS
H.I.* = Antrim and Down. — A Glossary of Words in use
in the Counties of Antrim and Down. By W.
Hugh Patterson. E. D. S., 1880.
Bnff.' = Banffshire. — The Dialect of Banffshire. By Rev.
W. Gregob, 1866.
BrkB.* = Berkshire. — A Glossary of Berkshire Words and
Phrases. By Major B. Lowsley. E. D. S., 1888.
Cmb.' = Cambridgeshire. — MS. Collection of Cambridge-
shire Words. By J. W. Darwood.
Cbs.i = Cheshire. — Glossary of Words used in the County
of Chester. By R. Holland. E. D. S., 1884-6.
Chs.' = Cheshire. — An Attempt at a Glossary of some Words
used in Cheshire, By Roger Wilbraham. 1826.
Chs.^ = Cheshire. — A Glossary of Words used in the Dialect
of Cheshire. By E. Leigh, 1877.
s.Chs.* = Cheshire. — The Folk-Speech of South Cheshire.
By Th. Darlington. E. D. S., 1887.
Cor.' = Cornwall. — Glossary of Words in use in Cornwall.
By Miss M, A. Courtney and T. Q. Couch.
E. D S., 1880.
C0T.2 = Cornwall. — Ihe Ancient Language and the Dialect
of Cornwall. By F. W. P. Jagu. 1882.
Cor,^ = Cornwall — MS. Collection of Cornish Words. By
T. C. Peter.
Cnni.^ = Cumberland. — A Glossary of Words and Phrases
pertaining to the Dialect of Cumberland. By
W. Dickinson. E. D. S., 1878-81.
Ctim.2 = Cumberland. — The Dialect of Cumberland. By
R. Ferguson, 1873.
Cam.^ e= Cumberland. — The Folk-Speech of Cumberland
and some Districts adjacent. By A. C. Gibson,
1869.
Der.^ = Derbyshire.— Pegge's Derbicisms, edited by Th.
Hallam and W. W. Skeat. E. D. S., 1894.
Ber.3 = Derbyshire. — An Attempt at a Derbyshire Glossary.
By John Sleigh, 1865.
BW.Der.* = Derbyshire. — MS. Collection of North-West Derby-
shire Words. By T. Hallam.
Sev.* = pevonshire. — Glossary to 'A Dialogue in the
Devonshire Dialect,' by a Lady. By J. F.
Palmer, 1837.
Sev.^ = Devonshire. — MS. Collection of North Devonshire
Words. By W. H. Daniels.
Dev.^ = Devonshire. — MS. CoUectionof Devonshire Words.
By Mrs. Sarah Hewett.
Hey.* — Devonshire. — A Glossary of Devonshire Plant
Names. By Rev. Hilderic Friend. E.DS.,t882.
Bw.Dev.* = Devonshire. — The Dialect of Hartland, Devon-
shire. By R. Pearse Chope. E. D. S, i8qi.
SoT.^ = Dorsetshire. — Poems of Rural Life, in the Dorset
Dialect; with a Dissertation and Glossary, 1848.
By W. Barnes.
Snr.* = Durham.— A Glossary of Provincial Words used
in Teesdale in the County of Durham. 1849.
Durham. — A List of Words and Phrases in every- = e.Dor.^
d.ny use by the natives of Hetton-le-Hole. By
Rev. F, M. T. Palgrave. E. D. S., 1896.
East Anglia. — The Vocabulary of East Anglia. = e.An.'
By R. FoRBY, 1830. Second Edition, consider-
ably enlarged, by W. Rye. E. D. S., 1895.
East Anglia. - The Vocabulary of East Anglia. By = e.An.'
Rev. W. T. Spurdens. E. D. S., 1879.
Essex.- A Glossary of the Essex Dialect. By = Ess.'
R. S. Charnock, 1880.
Gloucestershire. — A Glossary of Dialect and = Olo.'
Archaic Words used in the County of Gloucester.
By J. Drummond Robertson. E. D. S., i8go.
Gloucestershire. — A Glossary of the Cotswold = Glo.^
(Gloucestershire; Dialect. By Rev. R. W. Hunt-
ley, 1868.
Hampshire. — A Glossary of Hampshire Words = Emp.'
and Phrases. By Rev. Sir W. H. Cope, Bart.
E. D. S., 1883.
Hampshire. — Isle of Wight Words. By Major = I.W.'
H. S.MiTH and C. Roach Smith. E. D. S., 1881.
Hampshire. — A Dictionary' of the Isle of Wight =3 I.W,^
Dialect, and of Provincialisms used in the Island,
By W. H. Long. 1886.
Herefordshire. — A Glossary of Provincial Words = Hrf.'
used in Herefordshire and some of the adjoining
Counties. Anon, 1839.
Herefordshire. — Herefordshire Glossary. By = Hrf.*
Francis T. Havergal, 1887.
Kent.— A Dictionary of the Kentish Dialect and = Ken.'
Provincialisms in use in the County of Kent.
By W.D. PARisHandW. F.Shaw. E.D.S, 1887.
Kent. — An Alphabet of Kenticisms. By Samuel = Ken.*
Pegge. E. D. S., 1876.
Lancashire. — A Glossary of the Lancashire Dialect. = I^an.'
By J. H. Nodal and G. Milner. E.D.S. 1875-82.
Lancashire. — A Glossarj- of the Words and Phrases = n.Lan.'
of Furness (North Lancashire]. By J. P. Morris,
1869.
Lancashire.— A Glossary of the Dialect of the = ne.Kan.'
Hundred of Lonsdale. By R. B. Peacock. London
Phil. Soc. Tians., 1869.
Lancashire.— A Glossary of Rochdale- with-Rossen- = e.lAn.'
dale Words and Phrases. By H. Cunliffe 1886.
Lancashire. — A Blegburn Dickshonary. By J. = m.Iian.'
Baron, 1891.
Leicestershire. — Leicestershire Words. Phrases, = lei.'
and Proverbs. By A. Benom Evans. E. D.S..1881.
Lincolnshire. — Provincial Words and Expressions = Lin.'
current in Lincolnshire. By J. E. Brogden, 1866.
Lincolnshire.— A Glossary of Words used in the = n.Iiin.'
Wapentakes of Manley and Corringham, Lincoln-
shire. By Edward Peacock. E. D. S., First
Edition, 1877; Second Edition, 1889.
XVI
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST
sw.Iiin.' = Lincolnshire.— Glossary of the Words in use in
South-West Lincolnshire. By Rev. R. E. G. Cole.
E. D. S„ 1886.
Wrf.i = Norfolk. — Great Yarmouth and Lowestoft. By
J. G. Nall, 1866.
Nhp.' = Northamptonshire. — Glossary of Northamptonshire
Words and Phrases. By A. E. Baker, 1854.
NUp.^ = Northamptonshire. — The Dialect and Folk- Lore of
Northamptonshire. By Thomas Sternberg, 1851.
N.Cy.* = North Country. — A Glossary of North Country
Words. By J. T. Brockett, 1846.
N.Cy.2 = North Country. — A Collection of English Words,
1691. By John Ray. E.D. S., 1874.
Hhb.' = Northumberland. — Northumberland Words. A
Glossary of Words used in the County of North-
umberland. By R. O. Heslop. E. D. S., 1892-4.
Kot.' = Nottinghamshire. — MS. Collection of Nottingham-
shire Words. By Thomas A. Hill.
Not.* = Nottinghamshire. — MS. Collection of Nottingham-
shire Words. By Horace Walker.
ITot.^ = Nottinghamshire. — MS. Collection of Nottingham-
shire Words. By R. L. Abbott.
Oxf.' = Oxfordshire. — Oxfordshire Words. By Mrs. Parker.
E. D. S., 1876, i88i.
Rnt.' = Eutlandshire. — Rutland Words. By Rev. Christo-
pher Wordsworth. E. D.S., i8gi.
S.&Ort.'— Shetland and Orkneys. — An Etymological Glos-
sary of the Shetland and Orkney Dialect. By
T. Edmondston, 1866.
Shr.i = Shropshire. — Shropshire Word-Book, a Glossary
of Archaic and Provincial Words, &c., used in the
County. By G. F. Jackson, 1879.
Shr.2 = Shropshire. — Salopia Antiqua. By C. H. Harts-
HORNE. London, 184 1.
w.Som.^ = Somersetshire. — The West Somerset Word-Book.
A Glossary of Dialectal and Archaic Words and
Phrases used in the West of Somerset and East
of Devon. By F. T. Elworthy. E. D. S., 1886.
Stf.* = Staifordshlre. — An Attempt towards a Glossary of
the Archaic and Provincial Words of the County
of Stafford. By Charles H. Poole, 1880.
Stf.'^ = Staffordshire. — MS. Collection of Staffordshire
Words. By T. C. Warrington and A. Pope.
Suf.' = Suffolk.— SuliolkWordsand Phrases. By E. Moor,
1823.
Snr.* = Surrey. — Surrey Provincialisms. By Granville
Leveson-Gower. E. D. S., 1876, 1893.
Sns.' = Sussex. — A Dictionary of the Sussex Dialect. By
W. D. Parish, 1875.
Sus.* = Sussex. — A Glossary of the Provincialisms in use in
the County of Sussex. By W. D. Cooper,
1853-
War."^ = Warwickshire. — Warwickshire Glossary. By
Sharf-Halliwell.
War.* = Warwickshire. — A Warwickshire Word-Book. By
G. F. Northall. E. D.S., 1896.
W^arwickshire. — MS. Collection of Warwickshire = War.^
Words. By E. Smith.
■Warwickshire.— South Warwickshire Words. By — s.War.i
Mrs. Francis. E. D. S., 1876.
Westmoreland. — MS. Collection of Westmoreland = Wra.'
Words. By W. H. Hills.
Westmoreland and Cumberland. — Dialogues, = Wm. &
Poems, Songs, and Ballads, by various writers, Cum.^
in the Westmoreland and Cumberland Dialects.
Published by J. R. Smith, 1839.
Wexford. — A Glossary, with some Pieces of Verse, = Wxf.*
&c. By Jacob Poole, 1867.
Wiltshire. — A Glossary of Words used in the = Wil.'
County of Wiltshire. By G. E. Dartnell and
E. H. GoDDARD. E. D. S.. 1893.
Wiltshire. — A Glossary of Provincial Words and = WU.*
Phrases in use in Wiltshire. By J. Y. Akerjian,
1842.
■Worcestershire. — A Glossary of West Worcester- = w.'Wor.'
shire Words. By Mrs. Chamberlain. E.D.S.,1882.
Worcestershire. — South - East Worcestershire = se.Wor.'
Words. A Glossary of Words and Phrases used
in South-East Worcestershire. By Jesse Salis-
bury. E. D. S., 1894.
■Worcestershire. — Upton-on-Severn Words and = s.Wor.*
Phrases. By Robert Lawson. E. D. S., 1884.
Yorkshire. — A Glossary of the Cleveland Dialect. = n.Yks.'
By Rev. J. C. Atkinson, i868. Additions to the
above. E. D. S., 1876.
Yorkshire. — A Glossary of Words used in the = n.Yks.*
neighbourhood of Whitby. By F. K. Robinson.
E D. S., 1876.
Yorkshire. — A Glossary of Words used in Swale- = n.Yks. ^
dale, Yorkshire. By Captain John Harland.
E. D. S., 1873.
Yorkshire. — Yorkshire Folk- Talk. By M. C. F. = ne.Yks.'
Morris, 1892.
Yorkshire. —A Glossary of Words used in Holder- = e.Yks.^
ness in the East Riding of Yorkshire. B3' F. Ross,
R. Stead, and Th. Holderness. E.D. S., 1877.
Yorkshire. — A Glossary of Words pertaining to = m.Yks.'
the Dialect of Mid-Yorkshire. By C. Clough
Robinson. E. D. S., 1876.
Yorkshire. — The Dialect of Craven, in the West = w.Yks.l
Riding of the County of York. By W. Carr, 1828.
Yorkshire. — A Glossary of Words used in the = v.Yks.*
neighbourhood of Sheffield. By S. O. Addy.
E. D.S., 1888-90.
Yorkshire. — A Glossary of the Dialect of Almond- = w.Yks.^
burv and Hudderstield. By Alfred Easther.
E. D. S., 1883.
Yorkshire. — The Hallamshire Glossarj'. By J. = w.Yks.*
Hunter, 1829.
Yorkshire. — The Dialect of Leeds, and its Neigh- = w.Yks.*
bourhood to which is added a copious
Glossary. By C. C. Robinson, 1861.
Where no authority is given for plant-names, the in/orniaiion has been obtained /tan A Dictionary of English
Plant Names, by J. Britten and R. Holland. E. D. S., 1878-86.
PRONUNCIATION
After making many experiments, it has been found advisable to devise a plain and simple phonetic alphabet
to represent the approximate pronunciation. An elaborate transcription is useless to people who have not
had a practical training in phonetics. And it can all the more easily be dispensed with in giving the pro-
nunciation of the dialect words in the body of the Dictionary, because the phonological introduction which
I hope to write when the Dictionary is finished will contain the exact pronunciation of all the common words
in everyday use. It is impossible to attempt this part of the work alongside of the Dictionary, as it will require
some years of patient toil to collect reliable material and to digest it. In the meantime I must ask philologists
to be contented with the brief resume given at the beginning of each letter of the alphabet for the vowels, see
e. g. pp. I, 2. On comparing the results given there with those arrived at by Karl Luick in his excellent book
U)ilcrsuchmigen sur englischen Lautgeschichte, it will be found that we differ in a few minor points. After a
careful perusal of his book, I now think it would have been better to have used the word usual instead of
noiiiml on p. i of the Dictionary,
I. CONSONANTS
The only consonants which require to be specially mentioned are ;
dg like the / in just.
J » .. > ,, yon.
2 „ „ s „ pleasure.
X ,) I, ch „ Germ. Nachf, ich.
J ,. » sh „ ship.
Note : (r) is only sounded when the next word in the same sentence begins with a vowel.
tj like the ch in cheap.
IP » ,, 'h „ !>"»■
t5 „ „ th „ then.
tj „ „ n „ think.
11. VOWELS
Simple Vowels.
a
like the a in Germ. Mann.
ae
j»
It
a „ Southern Engl. bat.
B
»
]>
u „ up.
e
n
11
e „ men.
i
1)
))
i „ b,t.
o
)i
tt
0 „ mob.
u
»
jj
u „ full.
3
»j
tt
e „ Germ. Cabe,
a
»
It
a „ father.
e
j»
tt
e „ Germ. Reh.
i
»
tt
ee „ feet.
5
it
tt
0 „ Germ. Bote.
9
)»
>»
aw „ law.
u
ti
tt
oo „ food.
3
It
tt
i „ bird.
oe
tt
tt
6 „ Germ, mdgen.
U
»
t*
a „ Germ. Giite.
Diphthongs.
ai like the » in five.
au „ „ CM „ mouse.
ei „ „ a „ late.
eu „ „ ou „ thes. dial.pronun. ofwoj/s?.
ea „ „ a „ care.
iu „ „ ew „ few.
ia >. „ ea „ fear.
oi „ „ qy „ boy.
ou „ „ ow
oa „ „ o
93 „ „ a
ui „ „ 00
low (with the first element more open).
bone (dial, pronun. of w.Yks.).
all (n. dialects).
mood (n. dialects).
Note : (i) No attempt is made to distinguish between close and open e. (2) The first element of od is
a very close sound closely approacliing u. (3) The stress is always on the first element of diphthongs, unless
the contrary is indicated in the Dictionary. (4) Vocalic m, n are written am, an. (5) A point after a vowel
(no-bad) indicates that the vowel bears the chief stress in the word,
VOL. I. '^
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY
adj.
■a adjective.
Goth.
=
Gothic (-Moeso-Gothic).
OWS.
=> Old West Saxon.
adv.
= adverb.
gram.
=
grammatical.
Palsgr.
= Palsgrave.
advb.
= adverbial, -ly.
Hall.
=
Halliwell.
pass.
= passive, -ly.
AFr.
= Anglo-French.
imp.
=
Imperative.
pers.
= person, -al.
Amer.
= American.
impers.
■s
impersonal.
pf.
= perfect.
app.
= apparently.
impf.
=
imperfect.
phr.
= phrase.
arch.
= archaic.
ind.
=
Indicative.
pl, pl.
= plural.
assoc.
= association.
indef.
=
indefinite.
pop.
= popular, -ly.
attrib.
= attributive, -ly.
inf.
=
Infinitive.
PP-
= past participle.
B. &H.
= Dictionary of English Plant
int.
=
interjection.
ppl. adj.
= participial adjective.
Names. By J. Britten and
intr.
=
intransitive.
pred.
= predicative, -ly.
R. Holland.
Ir.
=M
Irish.
pref.
= prefix.
c.
= circa, about.
It.
=
Italian.
prep.
= preposition.
CD.
= Century Dictionary.
Jam.
<:
Jamieson.
pres.
= present.
Cf., cp.
= confer, compare.
K.
=
Kennett.
pret.
= preterite.
co^n. w.
= cognate with.
lang.
^
language.
Prim. sign. = Primary signification.
Co//. L,L.B. = Collection of Louis Lucien |
Lat.
=
Latin.
priv.
= privative.
Bonaparte.
LG.
=
Low German.
prob.
= probably.
colloq.
= colloquial.
lit.
=
literary.
pron
= pronoun.
Comb,
= combination.
lit.
GE
literal, -ly.
pron.
= pronunciation, pronounced.
Comp.
= compound.
M. & D.
=
Dictionary of the Gaelic Lan-
prov.
= proverb.
compar.
= comparative.
guage. By Rev. N. Mac-
prp.
= present participle.
conj.
= conjunction.
leod and Rev. D. Dewar.
q.v.
= quod vide, which see.
const.
= construction.
MDu.
=
Middle Dutch.
reg.
= regular.
contain.
= contamination.
ME.
a^
Middle English.
representative, representing,
represents.
contr.
= contracted, contraction.
mg.
^
meaning.
repr.
Cotgr.
■= Cotgrave.
MHG.
=
Middle High German.
Rom.
= Romanic, Romance.
Dan.
= Danish.
midl.
=
midland (dialect).
sb.
= substantive.
Dav.
= Supplementary English Glos-
MLat.
=
mediaeval Latin.
Sc.
= Scotch.
sary. ByRev.T.L.O.Davies.
MLG.
=
Middle Low German.
sing.
= singular.
dem.
= demonstrative.
mod.
=
modern.
sp.
= spelling.
der.
= derivative, -ation.
n.
=
north, northern (dialect).
spec.
= special.
dial.
■= dialect, -al.
naut.
=
nautical.
subst.
= substantively.
Diet.
= Dictionary.
N.&'Q
=:
Notes and Queries.
suff.
= suffix.
dim.
e= diminutive.
N.E.D.
=
New English Dictionary.
superl.
= superlative.
Du.
= Dutch.
NFr.
—
Northern French.
Sw.
= Swedish.
Dy.
•= Daily.
NHG.
'^
j New High German,
sw.
= south-western (dialect).
E.
= English.
/ modern German.
trans.
= transitive.
e.midl.
= east midland (dialect).
Norw.
s
Norwegian.
tiansf.
= transferred sense.
E.E.T.S
= Early English Text Society.
obj.
=
object.
unkn.
= unknown.
equiv.
= equivalent.
Obs.
—
obsolete.
v., vb.
= verb.
erron.
= erroneous, -ly.
Obsol.
r=
obsolescent.
var.
= variant of.
esp.
= especially.
occas.
=
occasional, -ly.
var. dial
= various dialects.
etym.
= etymology.
ODan.
=
Old Danish.
vbl. sb.
= verbal substantive.
fig.
= figurative, -ly.
ODu.
-
Old Dutch.
V. r.
= various readings.
Flem.
= Flemish.
OE.
=
Old English ( = Anglo-Saxon).
V. sir.
= verb strong.
Fr.
= French.
OFIem.
=
Old Flemish.
V. w. irr
= verb weak irregular.
freq.
= frequently.
OFr.
=
Old French.
W. &
J. Gl. = Glossary of Provincial
frequen
. = frequentative.
OFris.
=
Old Frisian.
Words in use in Somerset-
Fris.
= Frisian.
OHG.
^
Old High German.
shire.
G.
= German.
Olr.
=
Old Irish.
wd.
= word.
Gael.
= Gaelic.
ON.
=
Old Norse (Old Icelandic).
Wei.
= Welsh.
gen.
— genitive.
ONFr.
=
Old Northern French.
WGer.
= West Germanic.
gen.
= general, -ly.
ONorth
=
Old Northumbrian.
Wkly.
= Weekly.
gen. sign. = general signification.
orig.
=
original, -ly.
w.midl.
= west midland (dialect).
Gl.
= Glossary.
OS.
=
Old Saxon.
WS.
= West Saxon.
gloss.
— glossaries.
OSw.
=
Old Swedish.
Wtb.
= WOrterbuch.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
XIX
Abd.
= Aberdeen
Dor.
= Dorset.
Lei.
Leicester.
Rdn.
= Radnor.
Agl.
= Ang]esea.
Dub.
= Dublin.
Lim.
_
Limerick.
Knf.
= Renfrew.
Ags.
= Angus.
Dur.
= Durham.
Lin.
=M
Lincoln.
Rs.
= Ross.
Amer.
= America.
Dwn.
= Duwn.
I-ng.
=
Longford.
Rsc.
= Roscommon.
Ant.
= Antrim.
e.An.
= East Anglia.
Lnk.
=
Lanark.
Rut.
= Rutland.
Arg.
= Argyll.
Edb.
= Edinburgh.
Lnl.
=
Linlithgow.
Rxb.
= Roxburgh.
Ann.
= Armagh.
Elg.
= Elgin.
Lns.
C=
Leinstcr.
Sc.
= Scotland.
Aus.
= Australia.
Eng.
= England.
Lon.
=
London.
Sc.L
= Scilly Isles.
Bch.
•= Buchan.
Ess.
= Essex.
Lou.
=
Louth.
sCy.
= South Country.
Bck.
- Bucks.
e Yks.
= EastRidingofYork-
Lth.
=
Lothian.
Sh.I.
= Shetland Isles.
Bdf.
= Bedford.
Fif.
-= Fife. [shire.
Ltr.
=
Leitrim.
Shr.
= Shropshire.
Bnff.
- Banff.
Fit.
= Flint.
Mea.
=
Meath.
SIg.
= Stirling.
Brk.
= Brecknock.
Frf.
= Forfar.
Mar.
=
Merioneth.
Slk.
= Selkirk.
Brks.
= Berks.
Frm.
= Fermanagh.
Mid.
=
Middlesex.
Slo.
= Sligo.
Bte.
= Bute.
Gall.
= Galloway.
Midi.
=
Midlands.
Som.
= Somerset.
Bwk.
= Berwick.
Glo.
= Gloucester.
Mng.
-
Monaghan.
Stf.
= Stafford.
Cai.
= Caithness.
Glw.
= Galway.
Men.
=
Monmouth.
Sth.
= Sutherland.
Cav.
= Cavan.
Gmg.
= Glamorgan.
Mry.
=
Moray.
Suf.
= Suffolk.
Cdg.
= Cardigan.
Hdg.
= Haddington.
Mtg.
=
Montgomery.
Sur.
= Surrey.
Chs.
•= Cheshire.
Hmp.
= Hampshire.
Mun.
=
Munster.
Sus.
= Sussex.
Cla.
= Clare.
Hnt.
•= Huntingdon.
Myo.
=
Mayo.
s.Wal.
= South Wales.
Clc.
= Clackmannan.
Hrf.
= Hereford.
Nai.
=
Nairn.
Tip.
= Tipperary,
CId.
= Clydesdale.
Hrt.
= Hertford.
n.Cy.
=
North Country.
Tyr.
= Tyrone.
Cmb.
= Cambridge.
I Ma.
= Isle of Man.
Nfld.
=
Newfoundland.
Uls.
= Ulster.
Con.
= ConnaughL
Inv.
=• Inverness.
Nhb.
=
Northumberland.
U.S.A.
= United States.
Cor.
= Cornwall.
Ir.,Ire
.- Ireland.
Nhp.
=
Northampton.
Wal.
= Wales.
Crk.
= Cork.
I.W.
= Isle of Wight.
Not.
-=
Nottingham.
War.
= Warwick.
Crl.
= Carlow.
Kcb.
= Kircudbright.
Nrf.
=
Norfolk.
w.Cy.
= West Country.
Cim.
"= Cromarty.
Kcd.
= Kincardine.
N.S.W
. =
New South Wales.
Wgt.
= Wigtown.
Cm.
= Carnarvon.
Kco.
= King's County.
n.Wal.
=
North Wales.
Wil.
= Wiltshire.
Cth.
■I Carmarthen.
Ken.
.= Kent.
n.Yks.
=
N. Riding of York-
Wkl.
= Wicklow.
Cum.
= Cumberland.
Ker.
= Kerry.
NZ.
^
New Zealand.[shire.
Wm.
= Westmoreland.
Der.
= Derby.
Kid.
= Kildare.
Or. I.
=
Orkney Isles.
Wmh.
^ West Meath.
Dev.
= Devon.
Klk.
■= Kilkenny.
0.xf.
=
Oxford.
Wor.
= Worcester.
Dmb.
= Dumbarton.
Knr.
= Kinross.
Feb.
=
Peebles.
Wtf.
= Waterford.
Dmf.
= Dumfries.
Lakel.
= Lakeland.
Pem.
=
Pembroke.
Wxf.
= Wexford.
Dnb.
= Denbigh.
Lan.
= Lancashire.
Per.
=
Perth.
w.Yks.
= West Riding of
Don.
« Donegal.
Ldd.
= Londonderry.
Qco.
=
Queen's County.
Yks.
= Yorks. [Yorkshire
C2
LIST OF COUNTIES, ETC
IN THE ORDER QUOTED
SCOTLAND.
Peebles .
Peb.
King's County . Kco.
Northamptonshire
. Nhp.
Selkirk .
Slk.
Queen's County . Qco.
Warwickshire
. War.
Shetland .
Sh.l.
Roxburgh
Rxb.
South Ireland . sir.
Worcestershire
. Wor.
Orkney .
Or.I.
Dumfries .
Dmf.
Kilkenny
. Klk.
Shropshire
. Shr.
Caithness
Cai.
Galloway
Gall.
Carlow
. CrI.
Montgomeryshire
. Mtg.
Sutherland
Sth.
Kirkcudbright.
Kcb.
Wexford
. Wxf.
Herefordshire .
. Hrf.
Cromarty
Crm.
Wigtown
Wgt
Munster
, Mun.
South Wales .
. s.Wal
Ross
Rs.
Waterford .
. Wtf.
Cardiganshire ,
. Cdg.
Inverness
Inv.
Tipperary
. Tip.
Radnorshire .
. Rdn.
Moray . ,
Mry.
IRELAND.
Clare
. Cla.
Brecknockshire
. Brk.
Nairn
Nai.
Limerick
. Lim.
Glamorganshire
. Gmg.
Elgin . .
Elg.
North Ireland.
n.Ir.
Cork
. Crk.
Carmarthenshire
. Cth.
Banff .
Bnff.
Ulster .
Uls.
Kerry
. Ker.
Pembrokeshire
. Pern.
Buchan .
Bch.
Antrim .
Ant.
Gloucestershire
. Glo.
Aberdeen
Abd.
Down
Dwn.
Oxfordshire
. Oxf.
Angus
Ags.
Londonderry .
Ldd.
ENGLAND AND WALES.
Berkshire
. Brks.
Kincardine
Kcd.
Tyrone .
Tyr.
Buckinghamshire
. Bck.
Forfar
Frf.
Donegal .
Don.
Northumberl
ind . Nhb.
Bedfordshire .
. Bdf.
Perth
Per.
Fermanagh
Frm.
Durham
. Dur.
Hertfordshire .
. Hrt.
West Scotland.
w.Sc.
Cavan
Cav.
Cumberland
. Cum.
Middlesex
. Mid.
Argyll .
Arg.
Monaghan
Mng
Westmoreland . Wra.
London .
. Lon.
Bute
Bte.
Armagh .
Arm.
Yorkshire
. Yks.
Huntingdonshire
. Hnt.
Fife .
Fif.
West Ireland .
w.Ir.
Lancashire
. Lan.
East Anglia
. e.An.
Kinross .
Knr.
Connaught
Con.
Isle of Man
. I. Ma.
Cambridgeshire
. Cmb.
Clackmannan .
Clc.
Leitrim .
Ltr.
Cheshire
. Chs.
Norfolk .
. Nrf.
Stirling .
Slg.
Sligo
Slo.
Wales
. Wal.
Suffolk .
. Suf.
South Scotland
s.Sc.
Mayo
Myo.
North Wales
. n.Wal.
Essex
. Ess.
Clydesdale
Cld.
Galway .
Glw.
Flintshire
. Fit.
Kent
. Ken.
Dumbarton
Dmb.
Roscommon .
Rsc.
Denbighshire
. Dnb.
Surrey .
. Sur.
Renfrew .
Rnf.
East Ireland .
e.Ir.
Carnarvonshire . Crn.
Sussex .
. Sus.
Ayr .
Ayr.
Leinster .
Lns.
Anglesea
. Agl.
Hampshire
. Hmp.
Lanark .
Lnk.
Longford
Lng.
Merionethshire . Mer.
Isle of Wight .
. I.W.
Linlithgow
Lnl.
West Meath .
Wmh.
Staffordshire
. Stf.
Wiltshire.
. Wil.
Lothian .
Lth.
Meath .
Mea.
Derbyshire
. Der.
Dorsetshire
. Dor.
Edinburgh
Edb.
Louth
Lou.
Nottinghamshire . Not.
Somersetshire.
. Som.
Tweeddale
Twd.
Dublin .
Dub.
Lincolnshire
. Lin.
Devonshire
. Dev.
Haddington
Hdg.
Wicklow.
Wkl.
Rutlandshire
. Rut.
Cornwall .
. Cor.
Berwick .
Bwk.
Kildare .
Kid.
Leicestershire . Lei.
Scilly Isles
. Scl.
LIST OF WORDS FOR THE PRESENT KEPT BACK
FROM THE WANT OF FURTHER INFORMATION
ABLACH,56. An insignificant person fAbfl.).
ACCIDENCE, sb. A slip [of memory] (Ayr.).
ACHE, V. To walk hurriedly (w.Yks.K
ACTION, sb. The game also called Bac-
care, q.v. (War.)
ADDER-STINGER, sb. A large dragon-
fly (Hmp.).
AESOME, adj. Single (Sc).
AFLOCHT, fpl. adj. Agitated, in a flutter
(Iam.).
AFLOITS, adv. In confusion (Yks.).
AFORE THE STEM, />/(/-. A large sleeping
bunk in a ship (Sc).
AGOY, mA A form of oath (Lan.).
AIRIE, sb. A hill-pasture ; a level green
among the hills (Sc).
ALLOW, V. To order (n.Irel.).
ALMANAC, sb. A diary (Yks.).
ALMARK, sb. An animal addicted to
breaking fences or trespassing (Sh.I.).
ALWAYS, adv. Still, at the present
moment (Sc).
AMAUNGE,56. A muddle.confusion (Lan.).
AMBUSH, V. To hide (Yks.).
AMEND, V. In phr. amend me, a mild
oath (Oxf. or Slang).
AMINO, V. To consider, bear in mind (Ircl.).
AMOVET, pp. Moved, roused (Sc).
ANCHOVY-DUCK, sb. ? (Sc)
ANGLE, sb. A large hook fixed into the
ceiling (Lan.).
ANGLER, sb. The fish Lophimts pisca-
/on'iis (dial, unknown I.
ANKER, sb. The angular end of a scythe-
blade, by which it is attached to the pole
(Wm.).
APPLE-CHAMBER, sb. A spare bedroom
(Suf.).
APPLE-TWELIN, sb. An apple-turnover,
q.v. (e.An.)
ARCELL, sb. A kind of lichen, Omphalodes
(Cum.).
ARGUE, V. To talk to oneself, to muse
(Yks.).
ARICH, sb. The morning (s.Wxf.).
ARMED BULL-HEAD, phr. The fish
Aspidophonis europaetis (dial, unknown).
ARMED GURNARD, i>/ir. The fish Peri-
stedion malanitat (dial, unknown 1.
ARNLOIN, sb. Straightened circumstances
(Lan.).
ARTILLERY, sb. Baggage (Yks.).
ARUM, adv. Within (s.Wxf.).
ASHEAPLY, adj. Senseless, stupid (Not.).
ASSART, sb. Land cleared of trees (Ilrl.j.
ASS-KIT, sb. A portable tub or removing
ashes (Wm.).
ASTID, conj. As well as (Sc).
XSTBID,adv. Inclined (Suf.).
AUDISCIENCE, sb. Hearing, attention
(Abd.).
AUMA, si. A kind of pancake (Hrf.).
AWID [sic], adj. Anxious, eager (Sc).
A-WITTINS, in phr. me awillins, without
my knowledge (Sc).
AYVISH, adj Babyish, foolish (Wil.).
BAAKER {sic], sb. A wood-louse (Som.).
BABBLE, adj Half-witted (Sc).
BACHILLE, sb. A small piece of arable
ground (Sc).
BADDERLOCKS, sb. The hart's-tongue
fern (Sc).
BADGER, sb. A heavy fall in sliding (Not.).
BADGER-SNAIL, sb. A large snail (Not).
BADLINS, adv. Out of health, unwell (Sc.
Nhb.).
BADOCK, 5*. The Arctic gull, Larus para-
siticus ; also the common skua. Stereo-
rarius catarrhactes (dial, unknown).
BAFFLE, sb. A portfolio (Sc).
BAL, sb. A quarry (Cor.).
BALEEN, sb. Whalebone (Sc).
BALL AND CAT, phr. A game played by
children. Obs.t (Lon.)
BALLANT-BODICE, sb. A lady's bodice
made of leather (Sc).
BALLER, sb. An implement for breaking
clods of earth (n.Dev.).
BALLION, 5*. A reaper who assists those
who are falling behind in the work (Sc).
BALLOON, sb. A cylinder for drying
warps (w.Yks.).
BALLY-ACK, sb. In phr. to knock a man
to bally-ack, to give a sound beating, to get
the better of a fight (Con).
BALZIE, sb. Neuralgia (Suf.).
BAMMOCK, V. To 'field' in a cricket
match (Lan.).
BANDY, sb. The stickleback (.') (Sc ).
BANG, adj. Wrong ; in a contrary direc-
tion (w.Yks.).
BANGE, V. To idle about (?) (Wor.).
BANG UP AND DOWN, phr. Straightfor-
ward, blunt (Wm.).
BANK, V. In coal mines : to fill in crevices
after cribs are set (w.Yks.^.
BANNYS, sb. In phr. I'll box . . .ye, over
the baniiys (?) (Sc).
BANTERS O' BOBY'S, phr. Fig. destruc-
tion, death (Lan.).
BARK, sb. In phr. to go or be ativeen the
bark and the tree ( Nrf.).
BARLEY-HUMMELLER. sb. A machine
to take the awns from b.irlcy (Ken.).
BARLING, sb. The smallest pig of a litter
(Nrf.).
BARMIGOAT, sb. A skin disease ; erysi-
pelas (?) (n.Irel.).
BARN-FAN, sb. A winnowing-fan ; a chafl-
basket (Sc. Suf).
BARRELBREISTED.rtfl^'. Corpulent (Sc).
BASTOUN, 5*. A stick, a staff (Sc).
BAT AND BREED, phr. The ground
which a mower covers with one stroke of
his scythe (w.Yks.).
BAT-BEGGAR, sb. A beadle (Lan.).
BATCH, s6.' A bachelor (Sc).
BATCH, sb.'' A clump of fern or shrubs
(Sc).
BATCHING, 5*. An unfledged bird (War.).
BEAR -STAKE, sb. A piece of wood used
to guide the driving-belt of a pulley
(w.Yks.).
BEEDS, sb. A wooden collar put on a
horse to keep it from biting itself (Bdf.).
BEEST, sb. In phr. to give beest of a busi-
ness, &.C., to relinquish it (w.Yks.).
BEETON, sb. In rime ' Hushic-ba, burdic-
beeton ' (?) (Sc).
BEIRSH, sb. and v. To run headlone. A
violent push, a sudden motion (Cum.).
BEIST, sb. A rabbit-hole (Glo.).
BELLANDINE. sb. A broil, squabble (Sc).
BELLAVEN, sb. In phr. to give bct/aiin, to
treat with violence, to beat (Yks.).
BELLERSOUND, adj As sound as a bell
(n.Lan.).
BELLHAUR, sb. A beadle (n.Irel.).
BELLONIE, sb. A noisy, brawling woman
(Sc).
BELLRAIVE, v. To rove about ; to be un-
steady ; to act hastilj' (Sc ).
BELLY-RIVE, sb. A great feast, a social
gathering (Sc).
BELSTRACHT, adv. Prostrate, headlong
(Sc).
BELTON, sb. or adj (?) Said of a cow
' hoven ' or swollen in the body (w.Yks.).
BEL VET, s6. An article of woman's dress (?)
(w.Yks.).
BESHREW, V. Obs. (?) To curse, to wish
ill to (Sc).
BEWIDDIED, ppl. adj Bewildered (Sc ).
XXll
LIST OF WORDS KEPT BACK
BILER, sb. The metal handle of a pail
(Nrf.).
BILLET, sb} A curved knife (Bdf ?).
BILLET, sA.2 A bundle of half-threshed
straw (Wm.).
BIRR, V. To scotch a cart-wheel (Wm.).
BIT, sb. In phr. As dark as bit (?) ( Nhp.).
BLACKLIE, adj. Ill-coloured, dirty-look-
ing (Sc).
BLACK-RAPPER, sb. Also called Black-
guard (?) (Sc).
BLADE, 5*. In ploughing: ' put it a blade
lower ' [plough a little deeper] (?) (w.Yks.).
BLAIRHAWK, sb. A term of contempt
used to persons (n.Yks.).
BLAOONGY [s;c], adj. Of weather : misty,
drizzling (w.Yks.).
BLASNIT, ppl. adj. Of leather: without
hair(?) (Sc).
BLENS, sb. A cod-fish (Cor. and var. dial.).
BLETT, V. Pret. of bleat (Sc).
BLISH, V. To hack wheat, to spoil it in
reaping (Wil.).
BLUB, sb. A bulb (Lin.).
BLUDKERCAKE, sb. (?) (Sc.)
BLUELY, sb. The porpoise (Sus.).
BLUNNTHER, sb. A person of hasty temper
and unguarded speech (Ant.).
BOARD-RADES, sb. pi. Movable sides of
a cart (Som.).
BOBBY- JUB, sb. Strawberries and cream
(w.Yks.).
BOD, t'. To poke, 'bob' (Lan.).
BODABID, (?) Applied to two boats' crews
fishing in company, and shanng the fish
(Sh.I.).
BODACH, sb. The small ringed seal, Phoca
/o^'Z/rfa (dial, unknown).
BODE, v> To bid at a sale (n.Sc).
BODE, v? To board, dwell (e.An.).
BODEN, V. To be in a difficulty (n.Cy.).
BODGE, sb. A wooden basket or ' scuttle '
(Ken., Sus.).
BODLE, sb. A bodkin (Lan.).
BODY, sb. In phr. to be up in the body, to
be intoxicated (Dor.).
BOFTLY, adj. Untidy, wretched (Irel.).
BOGGIE-BAW, sb. Anything nasty or dis-
gusting. Used in speaking to children
(n.Cy.).
BOILING, ppl. adj. Feverish, in phr. a
boiling cold (Sur.).
BOLD, adv. Of a draught of cider: in phr.
to go down very bold {:) (Wor.).
BOLLS, sb. pi. The beard of bariey (Won).
BONELESS, sb. The north wind ( Ken.).
BONEY, sb. Arag-and-bone man (w.Yks.).
BOOLYIE, sb. A loud, threatening noise
(Sc).
BOOMER, sb. A heron (Ken.).
BOON, sb. Drink (Yks.).
BOOROOSHING, sb. A scolding (Hrt.).
BOOR-STAFF, sb. The pin with which a
hand-weaver turns the beam (Cum.).
BOOST, V. To guide (?) (Sc).
BOOTY, sb. A disease in wheat (Sc).
BOPPERTY, adj. Conceited (Suf ).
BOSTIN, sb. The rack or trough in a stable
(Lan.).
BOTTOM, sb. The horizon (Wor.).
BOUGAN, sb. The large end of a piece of
wood (Cor.).
BOUGUIE, sb. A nosegay, posy (Ayr.).
BOUKIT-WASHIN', sb. An annual wash,
' bucking-wash ' (Sc).
BOULT, V. To cut pork into pieces for
pickling (Ken.).
BOULTINGTUB, sb. A tub in which pork
is salted (Ken.).
BOUNDER, sb. Anything very large of its
kind (Dev.).
BOVACK, sb. A bed (Sh.L).
BOWHILL, sb. A species of apple (Dev.).
BO WNESS, sb. Plumpness ( Suf ).
BOWPIT, adj. Of rain : accompanied by
a north-east wind and threatening a down-
fall (?) (Brks.).
BOW-SHOTTLED, adj Of an umbrella :
having bent wires. Of a child: bow-legged
(Nhb.).
BOX OVER, vbl. phr. To talk a matter over
(Lin.).
BOXY, adj. Right, ' ship-shape ' (Glo).
BOYLUM, s6. A kind of iron ore (Stf).
BOZEN, sb. A wooden milk-dish (Sc).
BOZZARD, sb. A ghost (Wor.).
BRAAL, 56. A fragment (n.Sc).
BRACH, sb. A crop of beans (?) (Bdf).
BRADDOCK, sb. A weed growing in corn-
fields. The same as Brassock 1?) (Yks.).
BRADLEY, sb. A 'broad lea,' pasture
(Lan.).
BRAG, adv. Proudly, haughtily fLan.).
BRAGEANT, adj. Bombastic (Hrf ).
BRAISHY, sb. A hill (Yks.).
BRAITH-HURDLE, sb. A hurdle made
with wattles (Hmp.).
BRAM-YED, sb. A muddle-headed fellow
(Lan.).
BRAN, sb. The carrion crow (dial, un-
known).
BRANDBETE, v. To make or mend a fire
(Dev.).
BRANDLY, adv. Sharply, fiercely (n.Cy.).
BRANDY-BALL, sb. A children's game
(Suf.).
BRANNOCK, sb. A young salmon (Sc).
BRASH, V. To bank up a fire with small
coal (Dev. ?).
BRAVE, V. To pay court to (Stf).
BRAWL, V. To galbp (n.Sc).
BRAWLINS, sb. The trailing strawberry-
tree. Arbutus Uva-tirsi; also the red bil-
berry (n.Sc).
BRAWN, sb.^ The fork between a branch
and the trunk of a tree (Yks. 1.
BRAWN, sb.' The fungus Ustilago segetum
(w.Cy.).
BRAZE, V. Of food : to become tainted from
standing in brazen vessels (Yks.).
BREAKAGEMENT, sb. A breakage (Hrf).
BREAM, sb. In phr. a bream of kippers (?)
(Lan.?).
BREE, sb. or adj. In phr. he's no bree, he is
not good (Cum.).
BREEL, V. To move rapidly (Sc).
BREESE or BREEZE, sb. Sand sprinkled
on the floor of a house (Ayr.).
BREFLING, sb. A species of apple
(Hrf).
BREK, V. To bask, to lie exposed to the
sun (Not.).
BREX, sb. The breast (Lan.).
BREXIE, sb. A deep pond or pit (Yks.).
BRIM(E, V. To bring (e.An., Sus.).
BRINDLE, sb. Money, cash fn.Sc).
BRINDLED DOWN, phr. Thrown down
violently (Ess.).
BROD, sb. The sea-shore, beach (Lan.?).
BRODGET, V. To brag, boast (Stf).
BROG, V. To break up. to exhaust (?)
(Yks.).
BROGH, sb. A mussel-bed (Sc).
BROWN-DOVE, s6. The swallow(?) (Hmp.).
BRUDLER, sb. A boy (Nrf).
BRUMBLE, V. To make a rumbling noise,
to murmur like water (vv.Sc).
BRUMBLE-HANDED, adj Awkward,
clumsy (Nrf).
BRUNSH, sb. A blotch, an eruption on the
skin (Not.).
BRUNT, adj Sharp to the taste (n.Cy.).
BRUSEY, sb. An overgrown girl, a romp
(Cum.).
BUBLICANS, sb. pi. Flowers of the marsh
marigold, Caltlia palitstris (Yks.).
BUCH, V. To dash, rush (Sh.L).
BUCHT OOT, phr. Used as an ejaculation :
get out ! (Irel.)
BUCHTS, sb. pi. The roots of a hedge
(Irel.).
BUCK, V. To fill a basket (?) (Ken.).
BUCK, int. A call to horses, used by carters
and ploughmen (Yks.).
BUCK AND CRUNE, phr. To be extremely
desirous of anything (?) (Sc).
BUCKAW, sb. The short game which ends
a curling match (Sc).
BUCKER, sb} A bucket (e An.).
BUCKER, 5A.2 A species of whale (w.Sc).
BUCKET, sb. A beam (Suf).
BUCKETIE, sb. The paste used by weavers
in dressing their webs (e.Sc.i.
BUCKIE, sb. The hind-quarters of a hare
(n.Sc).
BUCKIE-INGRAM, sb. A species of crab
(Sc).
BUCKIE-TYAUVE, s6. A good-humoured
struggle, a wrestling match (n.Sc).
BUCKISE, sb. A smart stroke. Also used
as V. (n.Sc.)
BUCKLER, sb. A large beam (Lin.).
BUGALUG, sb. An effigy, dummy figure
(Dor.).
BUGHULK, sb. A coarse, awkward woman
(Irel.).
BULB, BULBOCH, sb. A disease among
sheep (Sc).
BULBS, sb. pi. Blight, esp. green fly (Sun).
BULCARD, sb. The fish Blenny (Con).
BULK, V. To play marbles (Irel.).
BULLE, sb. An oil measure (Sh.I.).
BULLEN, sb. A heap (Sh.L).
BULLIHEISLE, sb. A scramble, squabble ;
also a boys' game (Sc).
BULL IN, phr. To swallow hastily (Sc).
BULLYART, sb. The stick or piece of
wood used in the game of ' knur and spell '
(Lan.).
BULLYEND, adv. Head foremost, head-
long, rashly (Cum.).
BULLYON, sb. A quagmire, treacherous
ground (Lan.).
BULLYTHRUMS, sb. />/. Frayed tufts, as
on cord, &c. (Chs.)
BULTY, adj. Large (Sc).
BULYON, sb. A crowd, collection (Sc).
BULYOR, sb. An uproar, outcry (Irel.).
BUNGO, sb. In phr. under the bungo o' th'
moon, in difficulties, 'under the weather'
(Chs.).
BUNK, sb. A rabbit (Suf).
BUNNY-HEADED, adj Dull, stupid (Sun).
BUNYOCH, sb. The last sheaf to be tied
on the harvest-field (s.Irel.).
LIST OF WORDS KEPT BACK
XXIll
BUOYREN, V. To frighten (Wxf.).
BURLINS,*//.;^/. Bread burnt in thcovenfSc).
BURN, sb. A five-gallon wooden measure,
with two handles ( Yks.).
BURTLE, V. To do anything awkwardly
(Cum.).
BURTON DOG, p/tr. In prov. 'As stiff as
Burton dog' (Yks.).
BUTTON, V. In phr. fo have one's coat
Iniltoiu'd behind, to look like a fool (Irel.).
BUZZERT, sb. Inferior coal (Lan.).
BUZZIES, 5/;. pi. Flies (Som.).
BUZZLE-HEAD, sh.(>) (e.An.)
BUZZY, sb. A cockchafer (Suf.).
BY, V. To hush to sleep (Lan., Stf.).
BY, prep. In form bin before vowels (n.Cy.).
BYENIR, sb. A cow (Sh.I.i.
BYLEER. adv. Just now (Som., Cor.).
BYSTART, adj. Bastard (?) (Sc).
CADDLE, sb. A set of four, applied to
cherry-stones in the game of ' cherry-pit '
or ' papes' (se.Sc).
CALL, V. In phr. to call to, to be aware of
(Sun).
CAMDOOTSHIE, adj. Sagacious (Per.).
CAMPABLE, adj Capable (n.Cy.l.
CANDLESTY, adv. Secretly, clandestinely
(I)ev.l.
CANDLING, sb. A feast on the eve of
Candlemas Day (dial, unknown).
CANNECA", sb. The woodworm (Fif ).
(.') CANNEL, sb. A stickleback; a tadpole
(Brks.l.
CANNON, sb. A cataract or other disease
of the eye (dial, unknown).
CANNY, adj.l In phr. to be at laiig canny,
to be distressed for want of food (w.Yks.).
CANNYGOSHAN, sb. One who dwells in
the Canongate, Edinburgh.
CANTATION. sb. Talk, conversation (Frf ).
CANTLINGSTONE, s6. A rocking stone (?)
(Shr.).
CAPELTHWAITE, sb. A sprite or hob-
goblin in the form of an animal (Wm.,Yks.).
CAPOOCH, adv. In phr. to go capooch, to
collapse, give way (Dev.).
CAPPLESNOD (?). Meaning unknown
(w.Yks.).
CARAVASSING, ppl. adj Restless, wan-
dering (Lin.).
CARB, sb. A raw-boned, loquacious woman
(CId.).
CARKEEN, sb. Meaning unknown (Irel.).
CARKERED, fl«^'. Ill-natured (Lan.).
CARLING, sb. A fish. prob. the pogge,
Ai;n)ius cataphractns (Fif).
CARMUDGELT,/i/'/.aa>'. Made soft by light-
ning (Ayr.).
CARNAP, adj Coquettish (s.Pem.).
CARNELL, sb. A bird, prob. a rook (I.W.,
Dor. ?).
CAST, y} To choke oneself by over-eating
(n.Cy.).
CAST, I'.* To groan (War.).
CATAMARAN, sb. Anything very rickety
or unsafe (Dev.).
CATCHELD, ppl. adj. Of thread, &c. : en-
tangled (Bdf).
CATERRAMEL, v. To hollow out (War.).
CATTERILS, sb. pi. Meaning unknown
(Yks.).
CAUTION, sb. A person who is clever or
capable in business— «o/ conveying the
sense of curious or amusing (Irel.).
CAWSIETAIL. sb. A dunce (n.Cy.).
CEDGY, adj. Stiff, clinging together (Ken.).
CELTER, i*. Money (Lin.).
CHA' FAUSE, phr. To suffer (?) (Abd.).
CHAMLETED, rt(i)'. Of timber: having the
appearance of 'chamlet' or camlet (?)
(Hrt.).
CHAMP, sb. Quality, stamp, kind (s.Sc).
CHANDLER PINS,//»r. To be a' on chandler
pins, of speech : to be elegant, refined (?)
(Ayr.).
CHARIOT, sb. A lorry for carrying wood
in mines (w.Yks.).
CHASTIFY, V. To chastise, castigate
(Fif).
CHAVELING, sb. A spokesh.tve (Sc).
CHEMIS, sb.pl. Chips (?) (s.Wxf ).
CHERRY-FINCH. s/). The hawfinch, Cocco-
Ihraiisles vulgaris idial. unknown).
CHESTER, sb. A penny (w.Yks. Slang).
CHETTOUN, sb. The setting of a precious
stone (Ayr.).
CHEURE, V. To chide, scold (Dev.).
CHICK(Y, V. To crouch down (Cor.).
CHIME-HOURS, sb. pi. Meaning unknown
I Som.).
CHIP-CHACK, sb. The young shoots or
leaves of the oak (Sus. ).
CHISELER, sb. A heavy blow with the fist
(Not.).
CHISM, V. To take the sprouts from potatoes
(Wil.).
CHIT-A-DEE-DEE, sb. The tomtit, Pariis
caenileiis (War.).
CHIVELLER. sb. The goldfinch, Cardiielis
ebgans (Nrf.).
CHOCKERED, adj Of sheep: having a
swelling under the jaws (dial, unknown).
CHOCKY, adj. Pert, lively (War.).
CHOG, sb. The soft part of a boiled crab
(dial, unknown).
CHORCE, V. To rejoice (Glo.).
CHORIES, sb. pi. Thieves (n.Yks.).
CHORK, adj. Saturated or soaked with
water (Nhb.).
CHRISTMAS-TUP, sb. Meaning unknown
(Yks.).
CHUFF, adj. Meaning unknown (Wxf.).
CHUGH, adj. Meaning unknown (Wxf).
CHULZ, V. To coddle (Hmp.).
CHURCHIL'D MANE, phr. Meaning un-
known (w.Yks.).
CHUTE, sb. A steep, hilly road (I.W.).
CHYWOLLOCK, sb. The redwing, Turdits
iliactts (Cor.).
CILLINS, sb. pi. Meaning unknown (Ayr.).
CIPHAX, sb. A fool, nonentity (Der.).
CLADPOLE, sb. A blockhead, stupid (?)
(Lan.).
CLAM, adj. Hard (Dur.).
CLAM, V. To kill, ' do for ' (e.An.).
CLAMISH, rt<^. Dry (Cum.).
CLAMMAS, V. To climb (n.Cj'.).
CLAMMIN', vbl. sb. Bickering (Chs.).
CLAMPER, V. To fight anything out among
themselves (?) (Gall.).
CLAMPHER, V. To litter, strew in con-
fusion (?) (Ayr.).
CLANDESTICAL, adj. Clandestine (Hrf ).
CLANG, 5*. A number, bevy (w.Yks.).
CLANGUM, sb. A delicious beverage,
'nectar' (Oxf).
CLANGUMSHOUS, adj. Sulky (Lnk.).
CLASP-FEET, adv. Holding the feet
closely together (Suf.).
CLAW, V. In phr. to claw off, to reprove
(n.Cy.).
CLEASE, sb. A measure of wool (Cum.).
CLEIRO, sb. 'A sharp noise, a shrill sound
(SO.
CLEMMY, sb. A stone (Hrf.).
CLEP, V. To walk or move like a crab (?)
(Wgt.).
CLEVICE, sb. Meaning unknown (Oxf.).
CLICKY, sb. A shepherd's staff (Gall.).
CLIMBERS, sb. pi. Eyes (?) (w.Yks.).
CLINCH, 5*. The clinging of a bucket, &c.,
to the water, when it is being pulled out
(Won).
CLISHAWK, V. To steal (Lin.).
CLOSH, sb.^ A boys' game played with
stones (n.Yks.).
CLOSH, sb.'^ A pronged instrument, used
by whalers (n.Yks.).
CLOWE, sb. A heap, a cock of hay, &c.
(Dev.)
CLUGSTON, sb. An amusement among
farmers (Wgt).
COACH, sb. A small cart for carrying
about wet pieces of cloth (w.Yks.).
COACH, V. To coax (Nrf).
COARY, adj. Meaning unknown (Hmp.).
COBBY, int. A call to sheep (n.Yks.).
COBSEEDING, sb. Meaning unknown
(Lan.).
COCKER, sb. A dram or drink of whisky
(Rnf.i.
COCK-HORNS, sb. pi. Horns standing up
on the head (s.Won).
COCK-THROPPLED, adj having the throat
projecting (Wm.).
CODLNG-COMBER, sb. A wool-comber
who went his rounds on foot (e.An.).
CODNOR, sb. Stewing (?) (Cor.).
CODPIGEON, 56. A pigeon with a ruff of
feathers (?) (Won).
COGLAN-TREE, sb. A large tree in front
of the house, where the laird always met
his visitors (Sc).
COK, .sA. Meaning unknown (Sc).
COLLIRUMP, sb. The oak (w.Yks.).
COLMACE or COLMATE, sb. A coul-staff
(Dun).
COLT, sb. A piece of gritstone set in wood,
used by shoemakers to rub the soles and
heels to make them take the black stain
(Ant.).
COMBER, s6. Meaning unknown (Der.).
COMEPTED, adj. Facetious (e.An.).
COMREE, sb. Trust, confidence (Wxf).
CONFABULATE, v. To agree to ; to make
an arrangement or agreement (Dev.).
CONK, sb. A collection of people (Som.).
CONSTANCE, sb. Conscience (?) (Abd.l.
CONTERMONES, sb.pl. Meaning unknown
(Lan.).
CONTRA VESS, adv. Quite the reverse
(I.W.).
COOZELY, adj. Meaning unknown
(Cum.).
COP, sb. A spider (Wm.).
CORBOT, sb. A cloth or material of some
kind (.') (Wgt.).
CORP, sb. Fig. The mouth, lips (Irel.).
CORSING, vbl. sb. Horse-deahng (dial, un-
known).
COSS, sb. A mow, heap of corn (Som.).
COTTONIAL, acO'. Cotton-like (Ayn).
COUNTER, sb. The cutting-knife o( a plough
(e.An.).
XXIV
LIST OF WORDS KEPT BACK
COURGE, sb. A basket hung on the side
of a boat, used to keep fish aUve in, in
sea-fishing (Dev. ?).
COUTRIBAT, sb. A confused struggle,
tumult (Slk.).
COVIE, sb. Meaning unknown (Lnk.)-
COWK, sb. A cow's hoof (Dev.?).
COWN, V. To whimper (Cai.).
COW-WIDDO WS, ? To lead cows with (?)
(Lakel.).
COZE, V. To carouse (?) (Lan.).
CRACKEL, sb. A cricket (n.Cy.).
CRADDOCK, ? Said of a woman when
confined (w.Yks.).
CRAID, sb. Yellow clover (?) fSc).
CRAINIE, sb. A sea-bird (n.Yks.).
CRAMMET,s6. Meaning unknown (Hmp.).
CRAMMOCK, V. To hobble (Yks.).
CRANCRUMS, sb. pi. Things hard to be
understood (?) (Rxb.).
CRANKUM-BOSBERRY, sb. A white
badge worn on the hat at funerals (Wor.).
CRAP, 5*. Assurance (?) (Wil.).
CRAWS, sb. pi. In phr. waes my craws.'
an e.xpression of great sympathy (Sc).
CREAR, V. To rear (Lin.).
CREASE, adj. Loving, fond (Lan.).
CRECHE, sb. The prong or fork of a tree
(e.Yks.).
CREED, adj. Hard (?) (Yks.).
CREELY, 5*. A nervous child (n.Yks.).
CRKSSY, adj. Winding, twisting, turning (?)
(Sc).
CREYSER, 5*. The kestrel, Tinnunculus
alaudarius (Cor.).
CRIEST, V. In phr. to criest his head,
meaning unknown (Sc).
CROCK, sb. In phr. no heed of smock or of
crock, meaning unknown (Oxf ).
CROCKER, sb. A species of boy's marble
(Abd.).
CROFTING, prp. Walking lame, halting
(Stf).
CROHEAD, sb. Part of a boat (Sh.I.).
CROKER, sb. Cottage, dwelling (?) (Suf).
CROT, sb. A very small part ( w.Yks.).
CROYL, sb. Clay indurated with shells
(Yks.).
CRUDE, V. To brood, as a hen (Pern.).
CRUDEN, sb. A partan crab, Carcinus
Maenas (Irel.).
CRUMPETS, sb. pi. News, gossip (n.Yks.).
CRUMPTINS, sb. pi. Small, deformed
apples (Cor.).
CRUPPLE, V. To crouch (Lan.).
CRUPPOCKS, sb. pi. Meaning unknown
(Slk.).
CRUTTLE, V. To curdle (Nhb.).
CUBALD, adj. Parti-coloured, piebald
(Nrf ?).
CUBIT-FAGOT or -WOOD, sb. Meaning
unknown (Suf, Ken.).
CUBBY-HOLE, sb. A dog-hutch (Gall.).
CUCKLE, V. To cuddle (Oxf).
CUD-BUSH, sb. An esculent plant
(Nhb.).
CUDDIAN, 56. The wren. Troglodytes par-
vuIhs (Dev.).
CUDGY, sb. The hedge-sparrow. Accentor
modularis (s.Not.).
CUDRIDDEN, sb. An excitement, noise
(Cor.).
CUFFUFFLE, sb. A squeeze, hug (Ant.).
CUMFETHIS, sb. pi. Sweetmeats, comfits
(Sc).
CUMPUS, adj. Clever, 'compos tnentis'
(Dev.).
CUMSTRUM, adj. Dangerous, quarrel-
some (?) (Sc).
CUNNING, sb. The lamprey (n.Cy.).
CUNNYFAVER, v. To sneak, curry favour
(Yks.).
CUPPEEN, sb. A spindle (s.Ir.).
CUYP, V. To stick up (Nrf).
CVZ, adj. zwA adv. Close (Frf).
CYPHER-MAN, sb. Meaning unknown
(Slk.).
I
THE
ENGLISH DIALECT DICTIONARY
Al. Apart from the influence of neighbouring sounds,
• the normal development of OE. ae in closed syllables
is as follows : —
1. a in Sc, all the northern and midland counties to
n.Hrf , Wor., n.Glo., n.Brks., Oxf , se.Hrt., s.Cmb., nw.Nrf.,
n.Suf
2. The sound ae has remained in all the other counties
except the parts of counties named under 1, and the parts
of the country named under 3, 4.
3. It has become a', a sound closely approaching se, in
e.Suf, ne.Nrf. and parts of Hrf, Ess.
4. It has become e in Mid., se.Bck., s.Hrt., and sw.Ess.
II. The normal development of OE. as and a in open
Syllables is : —
1. Long close e in Bnff, Frf, Lothian and Fif , se.Arg.,
s. Etc., n. Ayr., e. and s.Dmb., Lnk., Rnf, m.Nhb. (Whitting-
ham), s.Yks., Lan. (see 4, 5, 7), ne.Chs., Stf (see 3, 4, 81,
Der. (see 2), Not., Lei., ne. and sw.Nhp., e.VVar., sAVor.,
n., me. and se.Shr., nw.Brks., nw.Hrt., s.Cnib., nw.Nrf,
e.Suf (Orford), w.Cor.
2. Long open f in Nai., Mry., Abd., Kcd., Per., S.Ayr.,
w.Dmf, Kcb., Wgt., Dur. (Berwick-upon-Tweed, Lanches-
ter), se.Yks., w.Yks. (Huddersfield, Halifax), nw.Den,
Rut., m.Nhp., Hrf (Ledbury), Brks. (Hainpstead Norris),
m.Cmb., ne. and s.Nrf , n. and w.Suf , e.Suf. (Framlingham),
Hmp.(Andover),e.Dor., s.Som.(Montacute), n.Dev. (North
Molton), s.Dev.
3. Long 1 in nw.Fif, Chs. except ne., Stf (Stretton,
Burton-under-Wood), Shr. (Market Drayton).
4. 63 in e.Dur., m.Nhb. (Rothbury, Embleton), w.Yks.
(Dewsbury, Leeds, Bradford, Keighley, Skipton, Craven,
Upper Craven with Upper Nidderdale), e.Yks. (S. Ainsty,
Holderness), n.Lan. (P'urness and Cartmel), s.Stf (Dar-
laston, Willenhall), Lin., sw.Nhp. (Badby), m.Nhp. (see
2), War. (see 1), n.w. and e.Wor., n.Hrf, s.Shr., se.Brks.,
Bck., m.Bdf, Hrt. (Arderley), e.Suf, nw. and e.Ken.,
ne. and s Sun, w. and e.Sus., n. and sw.Dev., w.Soni.,
e.Cor.
5. is in Rxb., Slk., e. and m.Dmf , s. and sw.Nhb., n.Cum.,
Dur. (Weardale,Teesdale, Stanhope), n. and e.Yks., n.Lan.
(Coniston), Hrf (Much Cowarne, Eggleton), Glo. (Vale of
Gloucester, Shenington), Oxf (Banbury), se.Hrt., n.Ken.
(Faversham), e.Sus. (Selmeston), I.W., vVil., e.Dor. (Cran-
borne, Winterborne Came), e.Som.
6. ie in m.Nhb. (Snitter, Ilarbotlle, Warkworth), Dur.
(Annfield Plain), Wm. (Crosby Ravensworth, Temple
Sowerby). In se.Nhb. (Stamlordham, Newcastle, North
VOL. I.
Shields), Dur. (South Shields), Cum. (Carlisle), the diph-
thong seems to be i6 rather than ie.
7- ia in Dur. (Sunderland), \Vm. (see 6), Cum. (see 5),
n.Yks. (Muker, Hawes), w.Yks. (Howgill, Dent), n.Lan.
(Lower Holker-in-Cartniel).
8. ei in s.Stf (Walsall, Wednesbury), m.Nhp. (Lower
Benefield), e.Shr. (Shitfnal), Bck. (Buckingham, Chack-
more, see 4), Bdf (RidgmontJ, Hrt. (Hatfield, Harpen-
^en), Hnt. (Great Stuckley).
9. asi in Mid., Ess., and parts of Hrt., se.Bck.
III. The normal development of OE. a is : —
1. Long close e in Abd., Bnff., Mry., Nai., w.Dmf, Frf,
Kcb., Wgt., se.Arg., s.Bte., Ayr, e. and s.Dmb., Lnk., Rnf,
Lothian and Fif
2. Long open f in Per., Frf (Dundee), Kcd., Cai. (Wick).
3. Long close 5 in m.Nhb. (Warkworth, Alnwick, Whit-
tinghami, se.Nhb. (Stamfordhami, Dur. (Sunderland),
se.Lan. (Oldham, Rochdale), w. and m.Chs., nw.Der., Stf
(see 5.), Not., Lei., Rut., Shr., n. and e.Hrf , w.Oxf , m. and
s.Cmb., nw. and ne.Nrf, n. and w.Suf, n.Dev. (Iddesleigh),
s.Dev., w.Cor., e.Cor. (St. Columb Major).
4. Long open 9 in m.Nhb. (Rothbury, Snitter, Wooler),
se.Nhb. (North Shields), sw.Nhb. (Hexham). Dur. (Lan-
chester), se.Yks. (Sutton), ne. and m.Nhp., s.Nrf
5. Long u in s.Chs. (Farndon), wm. and e.Stf , Der. (see
3.), e.Suf
6. ea in m.Yks., e.Yks. (Holderness'), w.Yks. (Washburn
river district, Skipton, m. Craven, Upper Craven and
Upper Nidderdale), n.Lan. (Broughton-m-Furness, Lower
Holker).
7. o3 in se.Nhb.(Whalton),w.Yks.(IIurst), I. Ma., e. War.,
n.Wor., Hrt. (Welwyn), n.Cnib., e.Ken. (Wingham), e. and
w.Sus., s.Sur., I.W., e.Som.
8. 93 in Dur. (see 3), ne.Yks. (Skelton), se.Yks. (Goole),
n.Lin., m.Nhp., Wor. (Hanbury), Hrf (Ledbury), Glo.
(Tetbury), Oxf (Banbury), se.Brks., Bck. (Chackmore),
Ess. (Great Dunmow, Maldon), nw.Ken., ne.Sur., e.Dor.
(Handfordi, e.Cor. (Camelford, Cardynham).
9. ua in m.Nhb. (Embleton), sw.Nhb. (Haltwhistle),
ne.Yks. (Danby, S. Ainsty), se.Yks. (East Holderness),
w.Yks. (Giggleswick, Doncaster, Halifax, Keighley, Brad-
ford, Leeds, Dewsbury, Sheffield), Lan. (see 3, 6, 10), Chs.
(Pott Shrigley), s.Stf (Dudley), n. and e.Der., m. and s.Lin.,
sw.Nhp., \v. and s.War., e.War. (Atherstone), Glo. (Vale of
Gloucester, Forest of Dean, Shenington), Bck. (seeS), Hrt.
(see 7), Hnt., n.Ken. (Faversham), e.Sus. (Marklye), Hnip.
A
[2]
f Andover), Wil., e.Dor. (Cranborne, Winterborne Came),
w.iom . e.Som. lAxe-Yartj'), n. and svv.Dev.
10. ia in Cum. (Langwatliby, Ellonby, Keswick, Clifton),
w.Cum.. \Vm. (see Ui, n.Yks. (Muker), nw.Ylcs. (Hawes,
Dent, Hovvgill, Sedberg), n.Lan. (Coniston).
11. ie in svv.Nhb. (Knaresdale), Wm. (Crosby Ravens-
worth, Temple Sowerby), Cum. (Bewcastle). In the
Teviotdale, Nhb. (Newcastle), Dur. (South Shields), Cum.
(Carlisle), the diphthong seems to be ie rather than ie.
12. ia in Rxb., Slk., e. and ni.Dmf., s.Nhb., Cum. (Bramp-
ton, Holme Cultram), Dur. (Weardale and Teesdale),
ne.Yks. (Whitby), nm.Yks. (Lower Nidderdale, South
Cleveland), nw.Yks. (Upper Swaledale, The Upper Mining
Dales).
13. 9u in Stf. (Darlaston, Codsall, Willenhall), m.Nhp.
(Lower Benefield), e.Ken. (Folkestone).
14. aeus in Chs. (Tarporley, Middlewick), s.Chs.
For further details see The Phonological Introduction,
and Ellis, E. E. Pi:, v. passim.
A. Although the following examples of A are for the
most part merely the dialectic pronunciation of common
literary words, they are here included so as to facilitate the
understanding of the numerous meanings of what is written
a in the quotations throughout the Dictionary.
[Pron. I, II, V, VIII, IX a; III stressed form a, 9, un-
stressed a; IV a; VI (1) a, (2, 3) e. a ; VII (1) 5, £2) a;
X a, when strongly emphasized e ; XI (1) a, e, (2) e.]
I. A, indef. art. Van dial.
1. Used redundantly with sh. or adj.
Sc. Not wortli a sixpence, Monthly Mag. (1800) I. 238. Ken.^
A bread and butter, a piece of bread and butter ; Ken.^ A good
hair, good hair. w.Som.i I sh'll be back about of a dinner-time,
Introd. xxiv.
2. Used in place of an before a vowel or h mute.
Nhb.' Not a oonce. n.Yks.i Top ov a awd rain watter tub.
w.Yks.2 A idle, ill-tempered gossip. Sur.^ Halt" a hour agoo.
Wil.' The article an is never used. Gie I a apple. w.Som.i He's
same's a old hen avore day.
3. Before numerals, and nouns of multitude and quantity.
Ir. We'll be givin' them a boil in a one of the little saucepans,
Barlow Lisconnel (1895) 61. N.Cy.' A many, a great number.
Nhb.i Thor's amany at dissent knaa. Thor's not a-one on ye dar
come. Yks. Ye've each on ye gotten a two or three childer,
Taylor .^//ssjl7(7^5 (1890) i. w.Yks.* Amany. sw.Lin.' There's
a many as can't raise a pie. Nhp.' A many. Sur. There be a
hundreds of 'em, Jennings Field Paths (1884) 37 ; There be a
plenty of 'em, ib. 44. Sur.' w.Som.' We shall have a plenty o'
gooseberries. There was about of a forty. Purty nigh of a fifty.
Som. A dree or fower children, Leith Lemon Verbena (1895) 45.
nw.Dev.' 'Bout a nine o'clock. 'Bout a vower or vive mile.
[There's not a one of them but in his house I keep a
servant fee'd, Shaks. Macb. iii. iv. 131 ; And up they
rysen, wel a ten or twelve, Chaucer C. T. f. 383.J
4. Used with nouns in />/., to denote quantity.
Nhb.' What a bairns thor is [what a number of bairns]. What
a picturs he hcs iv his hoose.
II. A, num. adj. One, when standing before sb., but not
absolutely, in which case ane or yan is used. In Yks.
Lan. Som., and occas. so written in other dialects.
ne.Yks.' A, one. w.Yks.^ They're just about a size. ne.Lan.'
w.Som.' Same's the crow zaid by the heap o' toads. They be all of
a sort.
IW. K, adj. K\\. Chiefly in Sc. and n.Cy. In S:., when
followed by a//, sb., it means every with the sensi of each
(Jam.).
Sc. A' folks, every body ; a' bairns, each child. A' body sais
sae, everyone says so (Jam.) ; I thought you were named Robbie
A' Thing from the fact of your keeping all kinds of goods, Ramsay
Rcmin. (1859) 11. 128. Frf. He was standin' at the gate, which,
as a' body kens, is but sajf steps frae the hoose, Barrie Thrums
(1889') 211, ed. 1894. Ayr. The man's the gowd for a' that.
Burns For a' That (1795). Rxb. Then a' the wives of Teviotside
Ken there will be a (lood, Swainson Weather Fl/j Lore 1 18-]-^) 207.
If. Is that generally believed/ It is by a' man (^W.J.K.;. Nhb.
And soon fill a' our creels, Coquet Dale Sngs. (1852) 46; Aw've
suppd a' the milk an' wine, Robson Efangeline, &c. (1870) 6.
Wra.' Tha were a there. Lan. There is na a fractious choilt i' a'
ar yard. Banks Manch. Man (1876J i. Chs. It's worth a' the brass
to yer that. Banks Forbidden (ed. 1885; xiv.
IV. A, pron. I. In Ircl. n.Cy. and some of the midl.
counties.
N.I.' A'm sayin'. Dur.' A'l, I will. Cum.' Wm. A caant reetly
tell ya. Specimens Dial. (1885) pt. iii. i. Yks. A wish a'd been
theer! Gaskell 5v/OTa (18631 I. v. w.Yks. A've card him call em
legs, Preston Poems, &c. (1864)3. e.Lan.' w.Wor. A dunna
think it (W. B.).
V. A, pron. Used for the third pers. pron. in sing., and
occas. in pi.
1. He. Very widely distributed through the dialects (see
quot.), but not found in those n.Cy. districts where the
aspirate is retained.
w.Yks.' Lin. The amoighty's a taakin o' you to 'issen, my
friend, 'a said, Tennyson N. Farmer, Old Style (iS6.^) st. 7. Nhp.'^^
se.Wor.' Shr.' A wuz all of a dither ; Shr.'' There a comes.
Pern.' A's coming tereckly, a's shoor to kum. Brks.' If zo be
as a zes a wunt, a wunt fif he says he won't, he won't]. Suf.'
Hmp. I low a will [expect he will| i^H.C.W.B.) LW.'^ n.Wil.
A do veed amang th' lilies. Kite Sng. Sol. (c. 1860) ii. 16. Som.
Moi zowel vailed when a' speaked, Baynes Sng. Sol. (i860) v. 6.
w.Som.' The doctor've a-do'd hot a can [done what he can]. Dev.
In a com [in he came], Peter Pindar Roy. Visit E.veter{i']g^) 156.
[A fair knyjt a was to see, Sir Feriimbras (1380) 250.]
2. She. In a few midl. and sw. counties.
A wanted me to go with her, Grose (1790) MS. add. (M.)
Nhp.'2, se.Wor.i Shr., Hrf. Did a do it? Bound Piov. (1876).
Wil.' A zed a 'oodden bide yer no longer, fur ef a did her'd
never let un gwo. Dor. A's getting wambling on her pins [shaky
on her legs], Hardy Tou'er (1882) 124, ed. 1895.
3. It. Often used of inanimate objects, when it probably
represents lie applied to things as well as to persons.
Chiefly in w. and sw. counties.
w.Wor.' W'ahr bin a' ? may mean either Where is he, she, or it?
se.Wor.' This tree a got a good crap o' opples on 'im, aant a ?
Hrf.' 2, Oxf.'. w.Sora." Dev. He've a got a great venture on hand,
but wliat a be he tcll'th no man, Kingsley IV. IIo! (1855) 120,
ed. 1889.
4. T.'iey. Lin. Shr.
Lin. Doctors, they knaws nowt, fur a says what's nawwaystrue,
Tennyson TV. Farmer, Old Style (.1864) st. 2. Shr.' Whad wun a
doin' theer? Shr.^ Whire bin a ?
VI. A, V. Occas. used for are, has, hath ; very general
in place oi liave, sing, and pi.
1. Are.
e.Yks.' What a ya a deea-in on there? [What are you doing
there ?]
2. Hath, has.
Shr.^ He a got none. w.Wor.' 'Er a gon' awaay. Hrf.^ Hiin
a' gone away.
3. Have.
Sc. Often used, in vulgar language, as an abbreviation of 'hae'
(Jam.) ; For they were a' just like to eat their thumb. That he wi'
her sae far ben should a come, Ross Helenore {t'j6S) 11. Cum.
I waddent a hed sic a cloon i^M.P.). w.Yks.' You mud as weel
a dunt as nut. ne.Lan.', Chs.' Lin. I moant 'a naw moor aale,
Tenuvson N. Farmer; 0/a'S/v/f(i864) St. i. n.Lin.', Nhp.' w.Wor.'
A done, ool ee ! Shr.' We mun a tliis oven fettled. Now, Polly,
yo'n a to g66. Glo. When a man's owld and a-weered out, and
begins to 'a a summat the matter, Buckman Darkens Sojourn
(i8go) 7. Sur. Plagued if I builded a house if I'd 'a a front door
to 'ee, Bickley Siir. Hills (1890) II. i. Hmp.' w.Soni.' Have,
when followed bj' a consonant, sometimes written ha, but seldom
aspirated. This is the commonest of all the forms, and it is
occasionally heard even before a vowel. Dev.^ Wull yu come an'
'a' yer brekzis, Betty?
VII. A, adz). Seldom found, except in sense 1. More
usually written ae, ah, aw, ay.
1. Aj', always.
N.Cy.i, Cum. Gl. (1851).
2. How.
w.Yks. Wel oz a wo se(3)in, -sud tel ja, a, wiar an wen S3 fan
d'rukij and at sn Uo.ilz ar uzbn [Well, as I was saying, she'd tell
you huw, where and when she found the drunken hound that she
calls her husband], Wright C)-. JFJirfM. (1892 172.
[3]
VIII. A, frep. In very general use.
1. At, denoting place.
w.Wor.' 'E were a chu'ch o' Sund'y. Hrf.* Suf.' 'A live a' hin
house.
2. Of.
Wm. T'lass hersel war i' t'snamc way a tliinkin', Jack RonisoN
Aald Tales (1883) 3. w.Yks.' If she nobbud could git a bit
a naturable rist. n.Lan. T' beams a our house are cedar, Phizac-
KF.RLEY Sitg. Sol. (i860) i. 17. Lin.' Out a work. n.Lin.' Th'
fraame a' this here dOOr. Nhp.^ Out a doors. Suf.'. I.W.'
A lig a mutton. w.Som.' What manner a man. The tap a the hilh
Dev. Lets drink drap a ale, Nathan Hogg Poet. Lei. 1,1847) 49.
3. On; in.
N.Cy.2 A this side. Nhb.' Wra.' Et wes a Monda mornin.
n.Yks.' To'n (turn) doon a that hand. w.Yks.' I'll gang wi the
a Tuesday. Lan. I don't think every one would grieve a that
way, Gaskell M. Barton 11848" v; Lan.' He went a-horseback.
ne.Lan.' Stf.' I shall go to Litchfield a Tuesday. Der.'^ Dow it a'
tliissens. He'sallys a' thatens. n.Lin.' Lei.' A the toother soide.
Shr.'^ A Wednesday. Suf.' We'll go *a Sunday. Sur.' Croydon
Fair is a' Monday. w.Som.' They be all a pieces. Let-n vail out
a thick zide [on this side].
4. To.
w.Som.i Down a Minehead. I be gwain in a town.
5. With.
•Wor. I'm goin' a Bill Saunders to Redditch tu-night (J.'W.P.).
Nhp.* Cam in a me [came in with me].
[Cf. athin, athout.]
IX. A, co)xj. Occas.
1. And ; also when used in the sense of yC
Sof.' I'll gi' ye a dunt i' the hid 'a ye dew so no more. Dev.
Chem a laced well-a-fine aready [well-a-fine« well and fine, i.e.
finely] E.xm. Scold. (1746) 1. 81.
2. Or.
Suf.' Wutha 'a wool *a nae [whether he will or no].
X. A, affirm, part, in comp. A-bttt, Aye-but. In n.
counties to Lin. and Chs. Also Shr. Not in niidl. and
s. gloss.
n.Yks.' A! but. that was a big yan. e.Yks.' Ahud. w.Yks. Ah'll
bensil him ! A' bud he happen weant let theh, Hanks IVkfld. IVds.
(1865). n.Lin.' A! But Charlie is a big leear, an noa raistaake.
Shr.2 A but.
XI. A, int. In n.Cj'. Chs. Lin. Lei.
1. Ejaculatory ; oh ! ah !
N.Cy.^ A ! man alive ! n.Yks.' A ! man t that was a yarker !
w.Yks. A' tha duz lewk bonny, Binns Wihden Ong. (1889) I. i.
Lei.' A, moy surs !
2. Interrogatory; eh?
N.Cy.'A! what! VVhatdoyousay? Cum. G/. (1851). w.Yks.2«,
n.Lin.'
A, pre/.^ Before prp. and v!>/. .•</>., repr. OE. an. on. So.
Irel. Not found in Eng. counties n. of Peni. Shr. War.
Nhp. Rut. n.Cam. Nrf, exc. in e.Lan. n.Lin. Lei. (Belgrave
and Walthani); also not found in Hnt. nvv.Nrf. e.Ken.
1. Before pip. or vbl. sb. used with vb. to be to form con-
tinuous tense.
Ir. I'm a-thinkin', Barlow Bog-land (i8ga) 5a. Lin. Git ma my
aale, fur I beiint a-gawin', Tennyson A'. Farmer, Old .Style (1864)
St. I. n.Lin.' A consumptive person is said to be awearin'. Rut.'
I'm a-goin' whum. Nhp.' How they are a-talking ! s.War.' W'c
are a-coming directly. Wor. I don't know how they'm a-going
now (H.K.). se.'Wor.i Sbr.' Bin yo agwine? [going]. GIo.'
He'll be a puggin' all as he can ; GIo.^, Oxf.' Brks.' fhaay be
a-vightin. Bdf. ' Is she a-going? ' he said, Ward Bessie Coslrcll
(1895) 8. Ess. Who is a goin' to buy? Downe Ballads (18951 7.
Ken.' She's always a making mischief about somebody or another.
Sur. I've been a-draining this forty year. Hoskyns Talpa (185a) 16.
Sus.' I am a-going. L'W.' n.Wil. Who's thus a comcn out o' th'
weaste ? Kite Sng. Sol. (c. i860) iii, 6. Wil.' They wasa zaayin'.
Dev. Who'm a-gwain for to kill'e? Blackmore C/ira/oar// (1881)
ii ; 1 know what I'm a-saj'ing of. O'Neill Idylls (1892) 23. e.Cor.
The mutton is a roasting. Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 421.
2. Before vbl. sb.
Sc. They hae taen Yule before it comes, and are gaun aguisarding
[mumming], Scott Ctty Mannering [i8i^) xxxvi. e.Lan.' Gone
a-working. sw.Lin.' The birds, they start a-whistling of a morn-
ing. Hrf.2 Measter's got seventeen on 'cm out a yacorning [pigs
feeding on acorns]. Glo.' Achatting, picking up chats or small
Sticks.
A,prrf? Before /;^ repr.OE. ge-. In all thesw.counties,
including Wil. Dor. Soni. Dev. Cor. ; also in Pern, and parts
of Wor. Glo. Oxf. Brks. Sur. Hmp.
se.Wor.' 'I was a dreamed' for 'I dreamt.' Glo. Ye and Willi.im
Stretch be so easy a-gallowed [frightened], GissiSG Both 0/ this
Parish (1889) I. 117; It be a-rooted on his side of the bruck,
16. 287; Me and Marj' have abin-a-doing arl us can for 'cr,
Buckman Darke's Sujoitnt (1890) iv. Oxf. You see. ma'am, all
this time she is adreamt between sleeping and waking 'Halu).
Brks.' I've a zed what I've a got to zaay. Sur. Your charity
have a outrun your discretion. Bickley Sur. Hills (1890' III. vi.
Hmp. Ye must be nigh famished, and afrore [frozen] too, Verney
/.. Zii/ir (1870) xxiii ; I'm better than I have abeen (H.C M.B.).
n.Wil. You've a got dove's eyes. Kite Sng. Sol. (c. i860) i. 15.
Dor. The zun have a-burnt me so dark, Barnes Sng. Sol.
(1859) i. 6; I've a took. Young Pabin Hill (186-]') 3; I misdoubt
if the hatches be a-hfven [lifted] down yonder, Hare Ki'/. Street
(1895) 95. Dor.' Thy new frock's tail A-tore by hitchen in
a nail. How you, a-zot bezide the bank. Som. Th' cooin o' th'
turtledoove be a-yeard in th' lan', Baynes Sng. Sol. (i860) ii.
12; My vingers be all a-vraur, JrNNiNCS Dial. ivEng. (1869 ;
Avroze, frozen, W. & J. Gl. (1873. w.Som.' There's a good
many chores [pieces of work] I 'ant a put down at all. The
gutter's a slapped again. Dev. Swcel out thickec glass avorc
'e's a-Osed again, HEWETTPfn.s.S/1. (1892). n.Dev.A-slat, cracked
like an earthen vessel, Grose (17901. s.Dev. My bread's a-clit
[made heavy] (F.W.C.). Dev.', nw.Dev.'
A, pre/.^ Repr. the OE. prep. on. It is very common
as a prefix of state or condition. In var. dial, of Sc.
Irel. and Eng. (P'or distribution, &c. of some of the most
general instances of words having this pre/, see Aback,
Aboon, Agate, Aneath, Astead, &.c.)
Sc. At length when dancing turn'd adwang, Beatties Parings
(1801) 14; The best-laid schemes o' mice an' men Gang aft
a-gley, Burns 7"o a 71/01(5^(1785) 1. 39; A-grufe, 'flat or grovelling'
(Jam.). S. & Ork.' He fell dead asoond [in a swoon]. Ir. The
air was a-flutther wid snow. Barlow Bogland {i8g2) 70; When
th'ould master had tore it wid his hands all a shake, ib. 14, Ant.
The chimney's alow [on fire] (W.J.K.). N.I.' Abreard [of corn, in
the blade]. Wxf.' Aveel. abroad [in the field\ Agether. together.
N.Cy.' Acow, acaw, crooked. Nhb. Enough to rive atwec the
heart, Wilson FiVmnH'sFrt)' (1843) pt. ii. St. 17; Nhb.' He couldn't
run acas on his bad foot. 'Stan aby there' is a familiar shout
in a crowd when a way is to be cleared. It com atwo i' me hand.
Dur. Let's see ift veyne flurrish, whcddcr t'tender grape's aseat,
Moore Sng. Sol. (1859) vii. la; Whe's this 'at cums up frae
t'wilderness, leanen atoppiv hur beluved ? ib. viii. 5 ; Dur.' Tek the
cows afield. Cum. He's nut been varra weel lealely an' so he's
a bed i E.W.P.) ; Nancy sed she wad set ofl for Cockermuth market
afeiit. Fa RRALL /?(•//)! IF;7oth(i886) 145; Cum.^ Acoase tliey think
he kens me. Wm.' Thoo canna gan afeut. n.Yks. His shoes is
trodden a-cow. Lift it up a-height. Old John gans sair astoop
(I. W.) ; n.Yks.' Marget an' her man hae getlen aquart [at variance]
agen ; n.Yks.^ Acant, leaning to one side. Apceak, in a peak,
e.Yks. Ah's varry tired; Ah've been afecat all d.Ty, Nicholson
Flk-Sp. [i88g 8g; e.Yks.' Is kittle aboil d'ye think ? w.Yks.' Our
lad's quite bobberous, an aw a roav [on the rove, stirring about] ;
w.Yks.5 He wur afront an' we wur aback on him. Tak t'umbrella
wi' thuh achonce it r.'ians. ne.Lan.' It went awheels. e.Lan.'
Aback o' th' hill. s.Chs.' Get atop o' th' banks. Not.' .Atwo. in
two. n.Lin.' It's that mucky and torn, it's abargens what becuins
on it. Squire Hcala an' him got atwisl. Th' wall's nobut a brick
abread. Lei.' [Work is done] a-grcat, by the piece. Nhp.' The
house isafire; Nhp.^ Wheer's macster? — Up afield. War. Afire.
Afoot (J. R. W.). s.War.' Abed. Wor. I can't sleep anights
(H.K.). w.Wor.' 'Er's a bed mighty bad, wi' a paaj'n a top o' 'cr
yud. Shr.' Fund it a-top o' the cnbbert shilf. Glo. Down cr
went on ers back arl a-mullock, Buckman Darke's Sojourn (1890)
vii; Agig, giggling, excited (F.H.). Oxf.' Thcj' be come afresh.
If thee beginst any o' thy eggcrcvatin' waj's yer, I'll cut tha
clane a-two-in-themiddle. Brks.' A copse is said to be 'amove
wi' gaaymc.' Thee get on avront o' I. ther j'ent room vor us
bwo-ath in the paath. e.An.' I saw Mr. Brown a'top of his new
horse yesterday. Suf.' Ta crumble all 'apicces. Ken.' The pig-
trade's all asprawl now. Sur.' Abed. Hmp.' His head is all
agoggie [i. e. of a person with palsy]. Wil.' Put the door ashard
when you goes out. Som. When a hen is sitting on her eggs
she is said to be abrood, Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825).
w.Som.' The primroses be all ablow up our way. The grass is
shockin bad to cut, tis all alie. Thick there bisgy stick's a put in
B 2
[4]
AAM
all atwist Dev. Zes I tu a chap, 'What dee cal thic a-head?'
[overhead] Nathan Hogg Poet. Let. (1847), 'Bout tha Bahine;
Like a 'ouze avire, Hewett Pra5. Sp. (1892) 48; Polly ought tu
bring out 'er chicken tu-day ; her'tha zot a-brood vur dree weeks,
ib. 153. nw.Dev.' Alie, in a recumbent position. Cor,' She rode
ascrode ; Cor.' The door's a-sam.
A, pref.'^ Equiv. to of. In a few words retained in var.
dial. See Alate, iS;c.
Sc. Adoun, adown, down, poet. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.)
w.Yks. Akin, related by blood (S.P.U.); w.Yks.i Alatt, of late,
lately ; w.Yks.^ Pleaz mother may I goa out adoors a bit ?
ne.Lan.' Alayat, of late, lately. n-Lin.' You're alus clattin' in
and oot a-doors. Nhp.^ He's gone out a-doors; Nhp.^ Athirst.
se.Wor.i A-hungry. A-late, lately. Glo. Affurst, athirst, thirsty,
Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.) Brks.' I be a-veelin' ahungerd.
Cor. Nor drive too fast adown the hills, Tregellas Farmer Brown
(1857^, 23.
A, pref.^ Equiv. to at.
Sc. I'll hae naething ado wi't, Grose (1790') MS. add. (C) Lanu
There's no peace i' th' world iv there's no peace awhoam, Waugh
Sngs. (1859) Jamie's Frolic. Chs.' Oo made much adoo abait it.
Stf.i Is the doctor a-whum ? War.^ Awum. Nhp.' They always
make such ado with me, whenever I go to see them.
A,pyef.^ Repr. OE. a-, earlier ar-,orig. implying motion
onward ; hence used as an intensive pief. See Afeard,
Agast, Agone.
Sc. To come alist, to recover from faintness or decay (Jam.');
But well's my heart that ye are come alist, Ross //c/cHOif^ 1768) 15.
N.Cy.^ Agrote, surfeit, cloy, saturate. Nhb.^ * Let yorsel alowse '
[loose], was the exhortation of a pitman to a friend who was
batting stiffly at a cricket match. n.Yks.^ Akest, cast or twisted
to one side. e.Yks. It's all akest, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889) 50 ;
e.Yks.' It was agin [given] to me. Lan. To aright a boat (F. H. ).
Glo. Very many years agone, Gissing Vil. Hampden (1890) I. iv.
Brks.' Tliaay've a-bin agone this dree hour. n.Dev. Agush'd and
Gush'd, used for Agusted, dismayed, Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.)
Dev.^ The frost agives. w.Cor. He went to Africa some time
agone (M.A.C).
A, pre/.'' Repr. OE. and, against, opposite. See Along,
Alongst.
A, pref.^ Repr. OE. an, one, in oblique case. See
Awhile.)
A, /;(/.^ Repr. an inf. A !
Sc. Aweel, it's the worst thing I ken about, Scott Rob Roy
(1816) vi. S. & Ork.i Alake ! alas ! Gall. ' Aweel, aweel,' soli-
loquised the considerate Baillie, ' this is a matter that requires
management,' Nicholson //is/. Tales (1843') 68. w.Yks.* Alack !
Snf.i Alawk, alawkus ! w.Som.' Alack-a-day ! [A-God-cheeld !
E.xclamation, God shield you! God forbid! Grose (1790) MS.
add (P.)]
A, pref}° Of uncertain origin ; in many cases due to
analogy with one or other of the above prefixes.
Sc. Await sheep, one that has fallen down, so as not to
be able to recover itself (Jam.). S. & Ork.i To go a-gaairy, to
leave one's service before the term day. Ir. Poor Mick grabbed
a-hould of me. Barlow Idylls (1892) 214. N.Cy.i Amackally,
in a manner, as well as one can. Wm. T'poor fello's pluck
he amackily roosed, Bowness Studies (1868) 80. n.Yks. God
a-rest you, merry gintlemen, Tweddell Clcvel. Rhymes (1875) 6;
n.Yks.2 A-craz'd, wrong-headed. Black-aviz'd, dark complexioned.
ne.Lan.' A-warrant, to assure, to warrant. n.Lin.' John'll cum hoam
drunk agcan to neet I'll awarrant it. Wor. It be a lot nigher this
away [way] (H. K.). se.Wor.i Be yer 'onds acaowd ? come ether
an' warm um. I sh'll come afrawl [a + for all] thee. Shr.' An old
man . . . speaking of his schoolmaster, said, ' 'E used to amaister
me. Sir.' Glo.'^ Adry, thirsty. Brks.' I be a-veelin acawld.
Ess. John was adry, Clark J. Noakes (1839") 18. Sur. I'd like to
know, not awishful to be prying, Bicklev Sur. Hills (1890) III.
vi. I.W.i Goo whooam wi' the wagon aleer [empty]. Goo into
the ground and cut the wheeat adwine [clear away] right drow.
Dor. To be amest, to lose one's way, N. & Q. (,1883') 6th S. vii. 366.
w.Som.i I was most aready to drop. They wadn a wo'th iiort.
Dev. ' Giggling akethcr ! ' shrieked the old woman. Madox-Brown
Duale Bhith (1876) bk. I. 1. n.Dev. Azoon, anon, presently, Grose
(1790). Cor.^Aketha! Forsooth!
A, stiff. Occas. used redundantly after a word ; merely
euphonic. 'A is sometimes used in songs and burlesque
poetry to lengthen out a line, without adding to the sense '
(Hall.).
Ir. Is it that-a-wa3' he went, did you notice? Barlow Liscounel
(1895)207. w.Som.i You never ded-n ought to a went-a. It is very
commonly heard after proper names when shouted . . . [or] when
calling out to urge on horses or oxen by their names. Dev. The
Devonians often introduce a vowel into words, as Black-a-hook,
for Blackhook, Bray Tamar and Tavy, I. 121; Grose (1790) MS.
add. (M.)
A, mtiii. adj. Sc. n.Cy. Yks. Lan. Written ae in Sc. :
this spelling also occurs in n.Cy. Nhb.' Cum. n.Yks.^
Also written ya Cum.' Wm. Yks. w.Yks.' Lan.' ; yah
Wm. n.Yks.^ ; yaa Wm. See below, [e.]
1. One.
Sc. Ae swallow disna mak a simmer (Jam.) ; Ae good turn
may meet anither, if it were at the brigg o' London, Ramsay
Prov. (1737); And no ae half hour to the gospel testimony,
Scott Midlothian (1818) xi. Gall. The ae legged chuckle wull be
clocking, Crockett Moss Hags (1895) 217. Bwk. Till said to
Tweed, Though ye rin wi' speed, and I rin slaw, Where ye
drown ae man, I drown twa, Henderson Pop. Rhymes (1856) 27.
n.Cy. Ae, one, Grose (1790) MS. add. (D. A.). Nhb.' Cum. Fra
ya week end till anudder, Farrel Betty IVilson (1886) 41. Wm.
Let us alaan yaw wee bit, Hutton Bran New IVark (1785) 1. 242.
n.Yks.' Ae, Yah, one. e.Yks. Yaa, one, with the subs, expressed :
as yaa man, yaa horse, Marshall/?;;?", ^coh. (1788). w.Yks. Price
a penny, Dewsbre Olm. (cover) ; Ea, one, Lucas Stud. Nidderdale
(c. 1882) ; w.Yks.' He didn't knaw his awn mind fray ya minute
to another, ii. 294. Lan.' Sooa ya day, ther' wos sich a noration
as nivver wos seen, M.0RRIS Invasion o' U'slon (1867) 4. ne.Lan.'
Aa cow (s.v. An).
2. Only.
Sc. Thou kill'd my brethren three, Whilk brak the heart o' my
ae sister I loved as the light o' my ee, Jacob. Rel. (1819) II. 33.
Ayr. I am my mammie's ae bairn, Burns fm Owre Young.
3. Used with superlatives in an intensive sense (Jam.).
Ayr. The ae best fellow e'er was born, Burns Elegy on Capt.
Matthew Henderson.
4. Comp. Ae-beast-tree ; -fur, -fur-land, see below ;
-haunt, single-handed (Jam.) ; -pointit gairss [grass],
sedge-grass, a species of Caie.i:
Or.I. Ae-beast-tree, a swingle tree by which only one horse
draws in ploughing (Jam.). S. & Ork.' Ae-beast-tree. Clyd., Slk.
Ae-fur, having all the soil turned over by the plough in one
direciion ; Ae-fur-land, ground which admits of being ploughed
only in one direction (Jam.). w.Sc. They wadna be a jiffy
o' gripping ye like a gled, they're no sae ae-haunt, Saint Patrick
(1819) I. 220 (Jam.). Sc. Carex, aepointit gairss, blue-grass
(B. & H.). Lnk. Ae-pointit-gairss. Sedge-grass, a species of
carex, single-pointed grass. The reason why this tribe of plants
is denominated Ae-pointit Gairss, is because the points of its blades
are sharper and much more stiff than those of rich succulent
grass (Jam.).
[In Sc. ae is used before a 5^. whether beginning with a
cons, or a vowel. Occurring absolutely ane is the form.
OE. an.]
A, sb. Wil. Som. (?) Apparently obs. except in comp.
A-harrow or -drag.
s.WU. Ais or As, harrows or drags, Davis Agric. (18131, quoted
Archaol. Rev. (1888) I. 34. Wil.' This term for a harrow was still
occasionally to be heard some thirty years ago, in both Somerset
and Wilts, but is now disused.
Hence comp. A-drag.
Wil. For some years a very heavy triangular machine was used,
called an A-drag, with its tines so fixed on its three sides, as that
when drawn by one point, it made parallel furrows eight or nine
inches apart, Davis Gen. Vieiv Agric. Wil. (181 1) vii. 52-3. The
late Mr. Jas. Rawlence, a great authority on agriculture, told me
it [word A-drag] was still in use in s.Wilts, though no doubt it
would be an improved form of the machine (G.E.D.); Wil.^
A-Drag. Still used in s.Wilts for harrowing turnips before the
hoers go in.
[This term is derived from the triangular shape of the
drag, resembling the letter A.]
A, AA, see Ea.
AA, see Owe.
AAM, sb. e.An. Also written aim e.An.' The chill ;
only found in phr. to take the aain off.
e.An.' Just set the mug down to the fire, and take the cold aam
off the beer. Suf. To take cold aam off the beer is occasionally
AAM
[5]
ABB
heard (J. H. ); The cold aam of beer is cold sharpness or sthig.
Only a few old people now use the word i,F. H.).
[This is prob. a Flem. word; cp. w.FIem. aam=adent,
breath (De Bo); so in Saxony aaiit = a//iriii (Berghausi.
For a similar expression as applied to beer sec Air, sb. 4.]
AAM, see Harm.
AAN, see Own.
AANDORN, see Undern.
AAR, sec Arn.
AARNIT, see Earth-nut.
AARON'S BEARD, sb. A name applied to several
plants— (i) Hypericum calyciiium (Bwk. Rxb. Nhb. n.Dur.
Shr. Glo. Ess. Dev.) ; (2) Lmaria Cymbalaria (Edb.);
(31 Orr/;;'s ;;i(7sa//(i ( Bwk.) ; (4) Saxi/rai^a saniteii/osaiVlev.);
(51 Spiraea salicifolia (Lin. Lei. n.Bks.). [eranz-biad, n.
e-ranz-bisrd.]
n.Lin.', Lei.' Aaron's Beard, Spiraea salicifolia. Shr. Aaron's
Beard, St. John's wort (G. E. D.).
[The name contains a reference to Ps. cxxxiii. 2.]
AARON'S ROD, sb. A name applied to several plants —
(1) Solidago I'irgaiirea (Shr. War.); (2) A garden species
of Solidago (Hrt.) ; (3) Verbascuin Thapsus (Sc. Lin. Glo.
and the midl. counties), [e'rsnz-rod.]
Bnff.^ Aarons-rod, mullein, Veybascutn Thapsus. Lin.' Aaron's
Rod, Verbasntm Thapsus. Shr.' Aaron's-rod, Solidago Virgaitrea,
common golden rod. Glo.' Aaron's Rod, Verbasaati Thapsus.
Var. dial. Aaron's Rod. from the tall straight stem, and connected
with Aaron because his rod, like his beard, is familiar from its
mention in Scripture.
[The name contains a reference to the account of Aaron
in Numbers xvii. 8.J
AB, sb. Or. L [ab.]
Or.I. Ab, check, hindrance, impediment (Jam. Suppl.). Not in
S. & Ork.'
AB, V. Or. L
Or.I. To Ab, to hinder, keep back, place at a disadvantage ; also
to pain, cause pain iJam. Suppl.). Not in S. & Ork.'
ABACK, prep, and adv. In Sc. and all the n. counties
to Lin. and Chs., Stf. War. [abak.]
1. prep. Of position : behind, to the rear (usually with
prep. of).
Nhb.' Howay aback o' the hoose an' aa'll show ye. He com'
in at the finish just aback on him. Dur.' Cum.^ Aback o' the
fells. Wm. As t'sun sank doon aback o' t'hills. Whitehead Leg.
(1859^ 17, 1. 4. n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.' It popp'd oot aback o' t' stee.
e.Yks. Up-stairs a-back o' bed, Sike a riot as nivver was led,
Nicholson Flk-Speech iSSgl 40; e.Yks.' w.Yks.' Think o' the
divil an' he's sure to be aback o' yuh. Lan.' Just as aw coom up
he wur hidin' aback o' th' hedge. neXan.' Chs.' Aw seed him
aback o' th' edge. s.Chs.' [with meaning of beyond] Aback o'
Nantweych (Nantwich). \\nfig. sense] Owd Dan tells some awful
lies, bu' yo conna ger aback on him. Stf.^ n.Lin.' It's aback o' the
beer barril. War. (J.R.W.)
2. adv. Behind, to the rear.
Ayr. The third that gaed a wee aback. Was in the fashion
shining Fu* gay that day. Burns Hnly Fair (1785) ver. 2.
3. Of motion : back, backwards.
N.Cy.' Nhb.' Hadaway aback, aa tell ye. Ye've com' owcr far
on ; gan aback ti the road end.
4. Of time: ago, since.
Abd. Eight days aback a post came frae himscl, Ross Heletiore
(176B! 37.
6. Aback o' Durham, delayed, thrown back from the be-
ginning ; aback frae, aloof Irom ; lo take aback, to surprise,
astonish (in gen. use).
ii.Yks.* All aback o' Durham together. Ayr. O would they stay
aback frae courts, An' please themsels wi' countra sports. It wad
for cv'ry ane be better. Burns Twa Dogs (1786). Frf. This took
Sam'l, who had only been courting Bell for a year or two, a little
aback, Barrie LichI (1888) 159. n.Yks. Ah wer rayder teean
aback when it com, Tweddell Cletiel. Rhymes (1875) 62. n.Lln.'
1 was ta'en clear aback when she tell'd me on it.
6. Aback-o' -behind, (i) in the rear, behind; (2) behind-
hand ; (3) far away, remote.
(i) N.Cy.' Aback-a-behint where the grey marc fralcd the fiddler
[that is, threw him off in the dirt]. Nhb.' Aback-a-behint the
set [the verj' last wagon]. Get up aback-a-behint [get up over
the horse's rear]. Cum. Aback o' behint, behind, in the rear,
Linton Lake Cy. (1864) 295. w.Yks. Aback o' behind, Hlf.r. If'iis.
ne.Lan.' Aback-a-bchint, very far behind or in the rear. (2 Dur.'
Behind hand, too late. (31 Lan.' Whcer does he live!— Eh! aw
know no'; aback-a-bcheend. whcer nob'dy comes.
7. Aback-o'-beyoiid, (i) 'the other end of Nowhere,' in the
far distance ; (2I of work : behindhand, delayed, thrown
back ; (3) behind, in the rear of.
(ll Nhb.' Aback-a-beyont, far awaj- behind — out of ken. Cum.'
Nowhere, lost in the distance. ' Whoar t'meer fwoal't t'fiddlcr.'
n.Yks. 2 They live aback o' beyont, where they kessen cawvs and
knee-band lops [christen calves, and bind the fleas by the legs].
ne.Yks.' Ah wadn't mahnd if they was all aback o' beyont [at
Jericho]. ne.Lan.' Aback-o-beyont, at a very great distance
away. n.Lin.' {Jig. use] A man is aback o' beyont his sen, when
he is, through his own fault or ignorance, unable to perform what he
has undertaken. (2) n.Yks.' We were all thrown aback o' beyont
the dny through [could never recover the ground lost by delay
in the morning]. e.Yks. That slaw beggar's awlas aback-o-beyont
wiv his wahk, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889) 49. (3) e.Yks.' Where's
Jack ? — He's just gccan aback-o-beyont there [at the back of yonder
house or stack].
[They drcwe abacke, as halfe with shame confound,
Spenser Sh. Cal. June. ME. Thcrwith-al a-bak she stertc,
Chaucer Leg. G. IV. 864. OE. on bcrcc]
ABACK, adv. n.Irel. [abak.] Of the position of a
weight or load : contracted form of on the back.'
N.I.' When a cart is loaded, the load can be arranged so as to
press very lightly on the horse, this is having it ' light-a-back " ;
when the chief weight is towards the front of the cart, and
therefore presses on the horse, the cart is ' hea\'y-a-back.'
[A-, on + hack.]
ABARGAINS,/i/;r. n.Lin. [abaganz.] Of no value or
consequence.
Lin. Among Lincolnshire phrases one may hear, ' It's a bargains
on it ! ' or ' Oh, a bargains on or ofj him !' when one would
depreciate a man or a thing. A'. & Q. (1865^ 3rd S. vii. 162.
n.Lin.' It's that mucky and torn, it's abargens what bccunis on it.
It's abargens whether he cums or no noo.
[,-i-, on -I- bargains, q.v.]
ABASING, vbl. sb. w. and s.Sc. (Jam.) [abe-sin.]
w. & S.Sc. Abaising, abaisin, abasin, abusing, hurting, ill-treating
by word or act.
[Abais{s)e, v., is a northern form of AFr. abaiss (whence
E. abash), prp. stem o( abair, OFr. esbair (mod. e'bahir).]
ABATE, V. Nhp. [abet, abeat] To uncover; to
clear away the superincumbent soil preparatory to
working stone in a quarry. See Bate and Unbate.
Nhp.'. To make bare ; to uncover. [In e.An. ' uncallow ' is the
corresponding word.]
[OFr. aba Ire, to beat down.]
ABATE, adv. n.Lin. [abea't] Accustomed to, in the
habit of doing anything.
n.Lin.' He's gotten abate o' drinkiii'.
ABAWE, V. n.Cy. [ab?-.] To daunt, astonish.
N.Cy.', Nhb.'
I ME. aba-am. Found in R. Brunne Handlyng Synne
and Chaucer. See M. & S., IIai.l. See Hatzfeld, and
Skeat's note to Chaucer Duchesse, 614.]
ABB, sb. Glo. Wil. Som. n.Dev. Also written ab
Glo. ; ob Glo. n.Dev. [aeb ; Glo. w.Som. ob.]
1. "The weft, woof, yarn woven across the warp.
Glo. Ab, Ob, trama, substramen, Grose (1790) MS. add. (IL)
w.Som.' Abb, weaver's weft.
2. In wool-sorting, one of two qualities of wool known
as coarse abb and tine abb respectively (CD.).
w.Cy. The wool of the sheep's back is finer, and makes, in
druggets, the thread called abb. Lisle Husbandty (■!■}$■}). w.Som.'
Abb, the name of a particular sort or quality of short-stapled wool,
as sorted, usually from the belly part of the fleece.
3. Conip. Abb-chain, a carded warp ; -wool (CD.).
w.Som.' The abb is nearly always spun from carded wool, and
hence a carded warp, such as that used in weaving blankets,
is called an abb-chain, in distinction to one spun from combed
wool, such as that used in weaving serge, which is a worsted
chain.
[OE. dweb (oweb, ab). A cognate OE. form was auef,
oii'ef, whence E. it'oo/i]
ABBAR
[6]
ABIDE
ABBAR, ABBER, see Aye but.
ABBEY, sb. Som. The abele or great white poplar,
Populus alba.
Som. The great white poplar: one of the varieties of the
Populus alba, Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eiig. (iSas); W. & J. CI.
(1873) ; Abbe3'-lug, a branch of the abele tree (G.S.).
ABBEY-LUBBER, 56. Yks. Som., also naut. [ae'bi-lBba,
«. a-b3-lub3(r).] An idle person, a loafer.
Yks. A term of reproach for idle persons, Wright. Som. A
lazy, idle fellow, Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825I; W. & J.
G/. (1873). Naut.' Smyth 5«i7o^s JFrf-B*. (1867). Colloq. From
deans and from chapters who live at their eases . . . And lie like
abbey-lubbers stew'd in their own greases, Libera nos, Domine,
Jacob. Rel. (1819) 393.
[Arc/iiinantiiloiierasliqne, an Abbey-lubber or arch-fre-
quenter of the Cloyster beefe-pot or beefe-boyler. lis
esloyent a table aises comme Peres (a phrase whose author
by Peres meant Abbey-lubbers), Cotgr.; An Abbey-
lubber, funis ; . . . Fuciis, a Drone, Sluggard, an Abby-
lubber, Coles (1679) ; Abbey-Lubber, a slothful loiterer
in a religious house under pretence of retirement and
austerity ('This is no Father Dominic, no huge over-
grown abbey-lubber; this is but a diminutive sucking
friar,' Dryden Sp. Fr.), Johnson.]
ABBUD, ABBUT, see Aye but.
ABBY, sb. S. and Ork. [abi.]
1. The sea-gilliflower.
S. & Ork.l
2. Coinp. Abby-root, the root of the sea-gilliflower.
s. & Ork.l
ABC, also in pi. In f^en. colloq. use.
1. The English alphabet ; to be able to say one's A B C, to
be able to read.
w.Yks. Can he say his A-B-C's? Banks IVkfld. IVds. (1865).
nw.Der.^ w.Som.' Dhee urt u puur-tee skau'lurd, slioa'ur nuuf !
wuy kas-n zai dhee ae-u. bee, see [thou art a pretty scholar sure
enough, why thou canst not say thy A B C]. Pop. rhyme. Dunce,
dunce, double D, Can't say his ABC.
2. A B C Book, a book for beginners containing the
alphabet ; in A B C fashion.
w.Som.i ABC Book, the book from which infants are first
taught. ABC Fashion, perfectly ; applied to things known, as
a trade, a lesson, &c. A man would be said to know his business
or profession a-b-c faar -sheen— i. e. as perfectly as his alphabet.
[1. To sigh, like a school-boy that had lost his ^ 5 C
(i.e. his book containing the alphabet), Shaks. Tivo Gent.
II. i. 23. 2. And then comes answer like an Absey book,
ib. K. John, I. i. 196.]
A-BE, Sc. Nhb. Lan. Chs. Stf. Oxf. See below, [sbr.]
1. In phr. to let a-be (rarely, to leave a-bc), to leave undis-
turbed, to let alone ; let a-be, not to mention. Cf. let-alone.
Sc. A wheen kilted loons that dinna ken the name o' a single
herb or flower in braid Scots, let abee in the Latin tongue, Kob
Roy (1817) xxvii ; Get up! I wadna rise out of my chair for
King George himsell let abee a Whig minister, Ramsay Reniin.
(ed. 1859) ist S. 93. Nhb. Av' let a' useless sticks abee,
RoBSON Et'ange/iite (.1870) 363; Nhb.' Let's away and he' some
yell, and let sic things abee man, T/ie Keelitmn's reasons for
attending church, Allan's Collection 11863). Lan. I nivver wanted
to sec yore face again. Leave me a-be, Burnett Lowries (\^li)
xxii ; Aw would o lett'n it obee till th' weddin' wur o'er, Ahnini
o' Flup's Quotiin' (1886) 8. ne.Lan.' Let me abe, let me alone.
Chs.' Let that choilt a-be, wilt ta. s.Stf. Let him a-be, Pinnock
BIk. Cy. Ann. (1895). s.Oxf. Let 'im a-be, 'ee 'ave made 'is bed,
an' 'ee'd best lie on it, Rosemary Chilterns (1895) 112.
2. sb. Forbearance.
Sc. I'll gie you let-a bee for let-a-bee, like the bairns o' Kelty,
Henderson Prov. (1832) 123 ; I am for let a-be for let-a-be, as the
boys say, Scott Pirate (1822) xxxvii ; Let-abe for let-abe, mutual
forbearance, Let-abe maks mony a loon [forbearance increases
the number of rogiies] ^Jam., s.v. Let).
[The prefix a- is difficult to explain. N.E.D. has 'prob.
for at be, earl}' northern infinitive = to be,' but there is no
evidence of the existence of the phrase, or of the con-
struction of /(?/with at in ME.]
ABEAR, V. Widely diffused through the dialects. Also
written abeear e.Yks. ne. Lan.^; abeare ne.Lan.' See
below, [abea-ir), abia'(r).] To endure, tolerate ; usually
with the verb can and a negative. Cf. abide.
Nhb.i She couldn't abeer to sit aside him. Wm.' A cannot
abeer et. n.Yks.' ne.Yks.' Ah can't abeear stooiyin'. Lan.'
I conno' abear th' seet on 't. s.Stf. I can't abear the sight on
him, Pinnock BIk. Cy. Ann. (1895). Not.' s.Not. Non of uz
can't abear non o' them (J. P. K.). Lin. I couldn abear to see it,
Tennyson A'. Farmer, Old Style (^1860) st. 16. sw.Lin.' I hate
smoke-reek'd tea, I can't abear it. They could'nt abear her ; they
rantanned her out at last. Lei.' Oi cain't abear 'er. Nhp.'
s.War.' I can't abear it. w.Wor.' E's 'ad the tuthache that
desprit till 'e couldn't scahrcely abar it. Shr.' The missis toud
me I wuz to sarve them pigs an' I canna-d-abere it. Hrf.*
GIo. The townsfolk be got so 'nation finnicking, thaay can't abear
a bit o' nize, Buckman Z)(iMi«'s Soyo»)-K (,1890) vi. Oxf.' Brks.*
I can't abear zuch a vool as he be. n.Bck. Abear or abeer, to
tolerate (A. C). Mid. I can't abear it, Grose (1790) MS. add .{M.)
Hnt. (T. P. F. ) Ess. I earn abear it when the sarmon's done, Downe
Ballads (1895') 9. Sur.' I can't a-bear their goings on. Sus.l
I never could a bear that chap. Hnip.' Wil.' I can't abear to
see the poor Iheng killed. w.Som.' I can abear to see a righir fair
stand-up fight, but I can't never abear to zee boys always a naggin
and a quardlin. Uur keod-n ubae'ur vtir tu pae'urt wai ur
bwuuy [she could not bear to part with her boy]. Dev. Get thee
gone out o' my sight, Noll ! — 1 can't abear the daps o' thee,
Madox-Brown Dwale Blulh (1876) Introd. v. Cor.' I caan't
abear what I caan't abide; Cor.^ Abear, not always used nega-
tively : I don't knaw how thee cust abear un.
[OE. aberan, to endure, suffer. Although the word is so
widely diffused in the dialects, it apparently was of rare
occurrence in the literary language at a very early date.
The latest quotation for the word in Matzner is from the
Ancren Riivle (c. 1230).]
ABED, adv. Widely diffused throughout the midland
and southern counties, [abed.] In bed ; confined to bed
by illness, &c. Cf. slug-abed.
Cum. If I is abed, its better nor being in bed-lam, Caine
Hagar (1887) I. 31. s.War.' se.Wor.' 'Er's a bed mighty bad,
uv a bwile a top uv 'er yud. Brks.' If a lez abed o' marnins a
wunt never gravv rich. Ken.', Sur.', Sus.', Hnip.' Dev. I were
forced to lie abed, O'Neill Idylls (1892) 87.
[You have not been abed then? Shaks. Ort. hi. i. 33 ;
I would have been abed an hour ago, ib. R. Sr^J. m. iv. 7.
ME. Some wolde mouche hir mete alone Ligging a-bedde,
Chaucer TV. 6-= Cr. 1. 915. The word occurs in P. Plow-
man B. v. 395, 417. OE. on bedde, Luke xvii. 34.]
ABEFOIR, adv. Obs. Sc. (Jam.) Formerly, before.
Sc. Abefoir is frequently used in this sense in . . . Pitscottie,
i.e. Lindsay's (of Pitscottie) Chronicles of Scotland, 1768.
[A-, on + before.]
ABEIGH, adv. Obs. w.Sc. Also written abeech (Jam.).
Away, aside, aloof.
Sc. The wise auld man was biythe to stand abeigh, Auld Gray
Mare (c. 1707) in Jacob. Rel. (1819) I. 69. Ayr. Town's bodies
ran, an' stood abeigh, An' ca't thee mad. Burns To Ms Auld
Mare. Kcb. The lasses turned skiegh man, Thej' hid themselves
amang the corn To keep the lads abeigh, man, Davidson Seasons
(1789) 90.
[Pref. A-, on -f -beigh, the etym. of which is uncertain ;
it may possibly be identical with Norse beig tbeyg) fear.
(So N.E.D.) Cp. ON. beygr fear, beygja to bend, bow, cogn.
of OE. bfigan to bend, to yield, to flee.]
ABEIS, prep. Fif. Also written abies. [abrs.] In
comparison with (Jam.).
Fif. London is a big town abeis Edinburgh.
[Prob. Abeis = al-, &\\ + beis, be as, to be as; see Beis.]
ABER, adj. S, & Ork. Also written aaber, abir.
[a'bar.] Eager, anxious.
S. & Ork.' Anxious to obtain a thing. Sh.L Abir, eager {Coll.
L.L.B.). Aabcr(jAM.).
ABERZAND, see Ampersand.
ABEUN(E, see Aboon.
ABIDE, V. In grn. use in Gt. Brit, and Irel. Not in
glossaries of e.An. (Forby, Nall, Moor, Charnock) or Cor.
Also written aboide Der.^ Freq. by aphaeresis bide, q.v.
[abaid.]
ABIER
[7]
ABLINS
1. To stay, remain, tarry.
Sc. Abaid, abade; abode, stayed, Grose (1790') AfS. add. (C")
Gall. He abode to see what should happen, Crockett Bog-Myrtle
(1895) 45. e.Dev. Yeiie, mai dove, that abaid'th in th' gaps o' th'
rocks, PuLMAN Sng. Sol. (^1860) ii. 14.
2. To wait for.
Sc. I wad e'en streek mysell out here, and abide my removal.
Scott ^/i//^«rtrv (1816) xxi. [Abide, [to] expect or wait for (K.).]
3. To endure, tolerate. (Used nearly always with the
negative.)
Per. The stour is mair than onybody can abide, Ian Maclaren
Drier Bush (1895^ 117. Ir. My belief is it's left sometliing at the
bottom of his mind that he can't abide the looks of. Barlow AVm]f aw
(1894) 125. Nhb.' Aa canna abide him. It is generally shortened
to Bide. Cum.' I caa-n't abide sec wark. Yks. Vo' have a' the
cow's hair in. Mother's very particular, and cannot abide a hair,
Gaskell Sylvia (1863) II. i. n.Yks.' e.Yks. Ah can't abide to see
yo' like that, Wray Nestleton (1876) 5a. Lan. I can't abide the chap,
FoTHERGiLL ProbalioH (18791 vi ; Lan.' He wur soa ill he cudn't
abide, ne Lan.' Abode, Abidden, endured. s.CUs.' It's noo use,
we shan ha' to abide it. s.Stf. Her could never abide red-haired
chaps, PiNNOCK Blk. Cy. Aim. (i895\ Der.' I conna' aboidc
hur. Not.' s.Not. There's not many folk 1 can't abide, but her
I can't. Werkin' a Satdy's what ah niver could abide (J.P.K.).
n.Lin.' I can't abide no bairns nobut my awn. Lei.', s.War.'
w.Wor.' Mother, 'er never could abide that thalir mon. Hrf.2, GI0.2
Brks.' I can't abide such me-un waays. Ken.', Sus.', Hrap.' Wil.'
1 can't abide un nohow. w.Som.' I never can't abide they there
fine stickt-up hussies. Dev. I can't abide the notion of lying in
my coffin in thiccy coarse black stockings, O'Neill /(/v/Zi U8921 11;
Dev.' I coud'n abide her vather, — a shoul-a-mouth'd, hatchet-faced,
bandy-legg'd wink-a-puss.
[Falstaflf says, 'Never, never, she would alwaj'S say she
could not abide Master Shallow,' Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, iii. ii.
215; Ye cannot abyde the hearj-nge oft'niy wordes, Tib dale
Joint viii. 43. OE. abldati, to abide, tarry.]
ABIER, adj. w.Som. [abisT.] Dead, but unburied.
w.Sora.' Poour saul ! uur mae'un duyd uun'ee biit tuudh'ur dai,
un naew uur luyth ubee-ur [poor soul! her man (husband; died
only the other day, and now she lies dead].
[^-, on + /)/(■/-.]
ABILITY, s6. Sc. Oxf. [abiliti.] Wealth.
Sc. Nobility without ability is like a pudding without suet,
Ramsay Pnn'. (1737'). Oxf.' Gentility without ability is likeapud'n
■without fat, MS. add.
ABIN, conj. Hmp. [abi'n.] Because.
Hmp.'
\A- pref. (OE. ^e) + bin, been, pp. of be. Cp. : You loiter
here too long, being you are to take soldiers up, Shaks.
2 Hen. IV, II. i. 199.J
ABIN, V. S. & Ork.
S.&Ork.' Or. I. Abin(G. P.); Aabin is to halve the sheaf between
man and beast (Jam. Stippl.'); Aabin, abin, to halfthrash a sheaf
before giving it to horses. The sheaf being held in the hands is
raised upwards ; then, by a sudden downward stroke, against
some fixture, the bulk of the best grain is knocked off l.<4.).
ABIN, see Aboon.
ABIR, sb. S. & Ork. ; cf. abin.
S.&Ork.' Or.I.Abir, a sheaf thrashed for giving to horses (G.P.);
Aabir, aabcr, abir, a sheaf of grain half thrashed (Jam. Suppl.).
ABITED,/>/>. Obs. Ken. Of linen: mildewed; of wood:
rotten, decayed.
Ken. Abited, mildewed, Lewis /. Tenet (1736); Abited, Grose
(1790) ; Ken.'
ABLACH, sb. Obs. Sc. (Jam.) Sec Aploch.
1. A dwarf; an expression of contempt.
2. The remains of any animal that has become the prey
of a dog, fox, polecat, &c. (Abd.)
3. A particle, a fragment (Rnf.).
Sc. An' a' the ablachs glowr'd to see A bonny kind of tulyie
Atweish them twa, Skinner Chrishiias Ba'ing (1805V
[Gael, ablach, a mangled carcase, carrion, the remains of
a creature destroyed by ravenous beasts (M. & D.). Gael.
abhac, a dwarf (M. & D.). Ir. abhhicli, a carcase ; tib/iac, a
dwarf, pigmy, manikin, a sprite; ab/iai/i, the entrails of
a beast (O'Reilly).]
ABLE, adj. Sc. and all the n. counties to Yks. and Lan.
Also in Lin. Lei. War. Hrf. Rdn. Som. Also written
aiablene.Lan.' ; abablen.Yks.'; yable Dur.'Cum." Wm.;
yabble Cum.^ Wm. n.Yks.' m. and e.Yks. Lan. ; yabbable
n.Yks.^ See below, [ebl, esbl, yebl, yeabl.]
1. Of sufiicient means, well-to-do, rich.
N.Cy.* Able, wealthy : an able man. Nhb. It was plain as
a pike-staff, that he wad syun be won (one") o' the yebbiiist men
i' tile country side, Keehnin's Annewal (1869) 11; Nhb.' Obs.
Dur.' Able, possessed of large pecuniary means. Cum.^ Van o'
t'yablest men i' thur parts. Wm. A varra yabble man i heeh life,
Clarke Spec. Dial. (1868) Jonny Shippards Junta. n.Yks.^
Nanny B. is nane sae needful ; she's a yabble body encugh.
e.Yks.' Yabble, somewhat wealthy, ' Bob's a yabble chap ; he can
live wl'oot wahkin (working),' A/5, add. (T.H.) w. Yks. Able,
wealthy, an able man, HlJ.x. IVds. ne.Lan.' Aiable. wealthy.
ne.Der.' War. (J.R.W.) Hrf. Able, a Herefordshire word
meaning wealthy, as 'An able man.' Bound Prov. (1876); Hrf.';
Hrf.^ Able, well-to-do in money matters. Rdn. Able, rich, well-
to-do, Morgan Rdn. H'ds. (1881).
2. Of objects: substantial.
n.Yks.2 A yabble pie-crust, one of substantial construction.
3. Able for, fit to cope with.
Ir. Ah. he'd never be able for the attornies, Paddiana (1848)
I. 28: (G.M.H.)
4. Fit, subject, liable.
Sc. If found hable or fit for being received at a college, Parish of
Morilach Statist. Ace. xvii. 433 (Jam.), Cum. [He] is noo j-eble to be
beggared if folks hev a mind, Linton Ai3£ifZ.o//oH 1866 III. 116.
5. To spell able, to perform a difficult task in fulfilment
of a boast. (Cf. Amer. to spell baker.)
N.I.' Can you spell able ? [are you sure you can do what you
are bragging about?] Cum., Wm. A defiant rustic jeer, at boast
of future achievements, was, 'Thou mun spell yable, furst' ^M.P.).
Hence Ableless, adj. incompetent, careless, listless,
awkward. Ablement, sb. (1) ability, mental power;
(2) bodily strength. Ableness, sb. strength, agility. Able-
some, adj. wealthy, well-to-do. Ablisb, adj. somewhat able.
w.Yks.^ A poor abeless thing. Lin. Abless, careless and
negligent, or untidy, or slovenly in person (Hall.). n.Lin.'
Abless. w.Sora.' A plain'tee u ae'ublmunt baewt ee [a plenty of
ability about him]. [In pi. tools, gear] We should ha finished
avore we comed away, on'y we 'ad-n a-got no ablcmcnts 'long
way us. I 'sure ee, mum, I bin that bad, I hant no more
ae*ubhnunt-n u chee'ul [slrengtli than a child]. Saum'feen luyk
u fuul'ur, sm-ae*ubl-nees baewt ee [something like a fellow, some
strength in him]. n.Yks.'' They're varry yabblesome. Ayabblish
lot, people of wealth. ne.Lan.' Rather at>Ie, of tolerable pecuniary
means. n.Liu.' He's an ablish chap for a little un, but he can't
hug a seek o' wheat aboard a vessil. Lei.' Ablish, tolerably
strong. -w.Som.' U aeubleesh soa'urt u yuung chaap [an active,
industrious kind of young fellow].
[1. Able (wealthy), opulentiis, Coles (1679); To be able
or rich, Esire riclie, avoir de qiioi, Sherwood (1672) ; It was
the child of a very able citizen in Gracious Street, Pepys
(N.E.D.). 3. Be able for thine enemy, Shaks. Alts IVell
I. i. 74. 4. A sowe, er [before] she be able to kyl, Fitziier-
BERT//«s/«J«(/r>'(i534)75; To fortune both and to infortune
hable. King's Quair, I. xiv. OFr. able, Lat. habilis. fit, able.]
ABYJE., V. m.Yks. Written yabble. [yea'bl.] To enable.
m.Yks.' Yabble, to enable.
[ME. God tokncth and assigneth the tymes ablynge hem
to hir propres oflices, Chaucer Boelliiiis 1. m. vi.J
ABLET, sb. Obs. Wm. (Hall.) The bleak, Leuciscus
albiiniiis.
Wm. On the auth. of Hall. , but not found in any Wm. books, and
according to our correspondents unknown.
[Ablet (a local word), the bleak, a small river fish, Ash
(1795). Fr. Ablette, a little blay or bleak ; . . . Able, a blay
or bleak fish, Cotgr. Ablette occurs in a Fr. text dated
1317; see Hatzfeld, and Godefroy Suppl. Fr. able, Rom.
albiduin, means 'the little white (fish)'; so Hatzfeld.]
ABLINS, adv. In Sc. n.Irel. and all the n. of Eng. to
n. Yks. and n.Lin. ; not in gloss, of Lan. Chs. Also written
aiblins Sc. N.I.' Nhb.' Lin. ; able, ablis Sc. (Jam.) ; aeblins
Wm.&Cum.' See below, [e'blinz, ye'blinz.] Possibly,
perhaps.
Sc. She may aiblins hae been his honour's Squire Thomcliff's
in her day, Scott Rob Roy (,1817) xviii; Kippletringan was dis-
tant at first ' a gey bit ' ; then the 'gey bit' was more accurately
ABLOW
[8]
ABOUT
described as ' ablins three mile,' Scott Guy M. (1815) i. Abd. We'll
ablins get a flyte, and ablins nane, Ross Hdenore (1768) 14a,
Ayr. O wad ye tak a thought an' men' Ye aiblins might, Burns
Address to the Deil (1785). Gall. Ye may aiblins come to a
mishap, Crockett Moss Hags (1895) 386. N.I.i N. Cy.i Yables,
yeblins, yeablesae, yebblesee ; N.Cy.^ Yeable sea. Nhb.» Wey,
aa aiblins hed twee, or aiblins hed three glasses o' whisky. Cum.
Aiblins I wool, and aiblins 1 woonot, Linton Lahe Cy. (1864) 295.
Wm. Whya thuU aiblin ma ha forgitten, Gibson Leg. and Notes
(1877)66. n.Yks.12 I ablins might. ne.Yks.^ He'll aablins man-
nish. n.Lin. Aiblins I shall do it, bud belike I shan't, I really
doant knaw (M. P.) ; n.Lin.'
[Abk + -/mgs (suff.).]
ABLOVf,prep. Sc. [ablou-.] Below.
Sc. A troot ablow the big stane, Ian Maclaren Brier Bush
(lags) 141. Gall. I pat it ablow the clock, Crockett Siickil Mi'ii.
C189.3) 67.
[A-, on + be/ou'.]
ABLOW, adv. w.Som. [ablou-.] Blooming, in flower.
w.Som.' The primroses be all ablow up our way.
[A-, on (the prefix of state or condition) + Moiv ; cp. blow,
v., to bloom.]
ABOARD, adv. Lin. Dev. [abua'd.]
1. Drunk.
n.Lin.i He's sum'uts aboard to-daay ; he could nobud just sit e'
his gig as he cum'd fra Brigg market.
2. Aboard on, up against, in contact with ; /o be aboard,
to be in confusion ; /o fall aboard, to attack, assault.
n.Lin. • He runned aboard on me as I druv doon Ranthrup Hill,
an' I thoht he'd a' lekken a wheal off. Her things is ail-aboard.
Dev. 'Tez a giide job yii coined when yii did, or I shiide a-valled
aboard aw'n in quick-sticks, Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892).
[1. Aboard, drunk. This means he has got more than he
can carry in the way of drink. The phrase was used to
me by a Bottesford labouring man who had just seen a
neighbouring farmer drive by, coming from market, who
had great difficulty in sitting in his gig. It may originally
have been a sailor's term, but is widespread now. I have
very often heard it, and there is no sign of its dying out
(E. P.). 2. Antiochus Epiphanes would often . . . fall
aboord with any tinker, clowne ... or whomsoever he
met first, Burton Anal. Mel. (1621) 351 (ed. 1836}. A-,
on + hoard.]
ABOIL, adv. Sc. Yks. [aboil.] Boiling, in or into a
boiling state.
Sc. Aboil, to come aboil, to begin to boil. By the time it [the
pot] comes aboil, Agr. Surv. Kincard. 432 (Jam.). n.Yks." Com-
ing aboil, bubbling up. e.Yks.' Is kittle aboil d'ye think?
[A-, on + boiL]
ABOK, sb. w. & s Sc. (Jam.)
w. & s.Sc. Abok, Yabok, a name given to a gabbing, talkative, or
impudent child.
ABOON, adv. and prep. In Sh. and Or. I. Sc. n.Irel. and
the n. counties to Chs. Der. Not. Lin. In Wxf. and
sw.Irel. Dev. and Cor. the -n has not survived. Also
written abun e.Cum.; aboun Nhb.'; abune S. &Ork.' Sc.
Dur.'; abeun Cum. n.Yks. ; beun Nhb.'; abeune Cum.^;
abeyun, abyun, byun Nhb.*; abuonWm.&; Cum.'; oboon
w.Lan.; abouDev.; aboo Wxf w.Som.' Dev. Cor. ; abew
Dev. Cor. See below, [abiin, abu'.]
1. adv. Of position : overhead ; in the sky, aloft ; up-
stairs. Alsoyfg-.
Sc. Aboon, above, Mackay. N.L'Abin, aboon, above. w.Ir. He
was murthered . . . and thrcwn into the lake abow. Lover Leg.
(1848) I. 40. Wxf.' Aboo, above. N.Cy.' Aboon, abuin, above,
overhead. Nhb. She a'ways keeps maw heart abuin, Wilson
Pitman's Pay (1843) 13; Nhb.' Dur.' Abune. Cum.' Abeunn, c. ;
Abooan,szf. ; Aboon, ;/c. s.Wm. Lord aboon knaws, Hutton /)/«.
Storth and Arnside (1760) 1. 47. n.Yks. She's aboon ith Chawm-
ber, Meriton Praise Ale (1684) '• 252 ; n.Yks.3 Gang I'll aboon
[go upstairs]. w.Yks. T'lark aboon an' them below, Bairns/a Ann.
(1862)7; w.Yks.^ The Man aboon. ne.Lan. Th'Almeety's name
is spoken more daan i' th' hoile than it is up aboon, Mather Idylls
('895) '5- Chs.', Der.2 Dev. A dwalin drumble-drone i' th'
rewts. An apple-dreane aboo, Madox-Brown Dwale Bliith (1876)
bk. IV. ii. Cor.2 Abew, above, MS. add.
2. prep. Of position : beyond ; above, superior to, higher
than ; fig. exceeding, higher than, superior to, beyond.
Sc. A mile aboon Dundee, Scott Redg. (1824) ii. (Old Song);
As lang as our heads are abune the grund, ib. Midlothian (1818) xi.
Gal. Some bulks o' Tammas Carlyle . . . hae garred ... a farmer
body lift his een abune the nowt an' the shairn, Crockett
Stickit Min. (1893) Trials for License. Kcb. Wis bonnet trigg
aboon his ear, Davidson Sctsoms (1789) 15. Nhb. His flag abeun
us wis love, RoESoN Sng. Sol. (1859) ii. 4. Dur.' Cum. A
girt flag flappen abeiin his heed, Dickinson Cuntbr, (1875) 5.
Wm.' It's clean away abooan Kendal. n.Yks.' The Queen's
aboon us all. e.Yks. * Nay, bayn, that's aboon me,' said a mother to
her child, who had asked a question the mother could not answer,
Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889). w.Yks. A deal better nor some
'at reckons to be aboon me, Bronte Shirley (1849) v. Lan. Set
hee aboon want or danger, Clegg David's Loom (1894) xxiv.
e.Lan.' n.Lin.' If he duzn't feal paain o' th' turpe'tine aboon paain
o' th' inflammaation it'll be to no ewse. Dev.' O dear me !
the bread and butter that many a poor soul woud a jump'd abou
ground vor, lied smeeching and frizzing in the vire, pt. i. 4 ;
I told en, but that whether a know et or no, that my dame was
abu doing ort in hugger-mugger, ib. pt. ii. 13.
3. More than, exceeding in quantity or number.
Sc. He canna get it wrought in abune twa days in the week at
no rate whatever, Scott IFrti'i'r/(^v(i8i4) ix. Nhb.'An'ower abyun
this band o' men, Horsley The Cuddies an' the Horses (1881).
Wm. &Cum.'. Wm. For aboon twenty years I hev duly tented
the flock of my allotment, Hutton Bran New Wark (1785)
1. 20. n.Yks. All's aboon eighty year awd, Tweddell Ctevel.
Rhymes {1815) ^g. ne.Yks.' There'll be aboon a scoore. w.Yks.'
He's gaan aboon two howers sin. Lan. Mark an' oi, an' aboon
twenty moor'uU be nigh yo, Kay-Shuttleworth Scarsdale (i860)
I. 168 ; Lan.' Wheer hasto bin wortchin at ? — I've druvven for
Owd Copper Nob aboon nine year, Waugh Sancho's IVallet in
the Sphin.v {iSjo) III. 90. sw.Lin.' They'll not get aboun two
loads offen it. It's aboun a twelvemonth sin'. Not.^The ramper
is not aboon a mile off. w.Som.' Dhur waud-n beo' zab'm u-laf
[there were not above seven left].
4. In phr. Abune a', beyond reason ; aboon-a-bit. exces-
sively; «6oo«/A(?6;rrt//;, across the forehead; aboiie-broe, see
quot. ; aboon grecs, upstairs ; to get aboon hands, to become
supreme, get the ' upper hand ' ; aboon wilh oneself j aboon
plum, drunk ; oiver (over) and aboon, (1) entirely, alto-
gether, (2) into the bargain.
S. & Ork.' Abune a'. Sh. & Or.L & Sc. Abune a' (Jam. Siippl.).
w.Yks. That pleased me aboon a bit, Treddlehoyle Trip ta
Litnnan {1851) "]. ne.Lan.' T'meer dud kick aboon a bit. n.Lin.'
It raain'd aboon a bit last Brigg fair. Sur. Poor chap, thee do
look abon a bit hot, Bickley S:ir. Hi/Is (i8go) I. i. 11. w.Som.' Ee
gid ut tile un ubeo' u beet [he gave it him above a bit]. Bwk.
Some o' thae hags they burn'd to dead — And some aboon the breeth
did bleed, Henderson Pop. Rhymes (1856) 59. Sc. Abone-broe,
aboon-bree. above water. Of a person in difficulty, or one who has
a very small income, it is commonly said, ' He can hardly keep his
head abone-broe' (Jam. Siippl.). n.Yks.2 Aboon grees [upstairs].
They've gitten sair aboon hands [much beyond control]. He's
varry far aboon hands [he has abilities beyond his teacher].
Cummer gat aboon hands on 'em [debt became their master].
Cum.' Abeunn wid hissel, rejoicing beyond reasonable control.
n.Lin.' Aboon plum, drunken. Yks. I isn't ower an' aboon satisfied,
Wray Nestleton (1876) 50. Cor. Over and aboo, into the bargain,
Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 421.
5. Cow/. Aboon-head, (i) upper, (2) of the weather, &c. :
up above, overhead.
n.Yks.' It wets aboon-heead ; n.Yks. 2 They live in a boon-heead
spot [an upper room]. n.Lin.' It's do'ty under foot, but dry aboon-
head.
[ME. abuven (aboven), .^-, on -1- buven, OE. btfan (above) =
be + if an, cp. G. o6e«.]
A-BOOT, adv. Sc. Into the bargain.
Rxb. Aboot,toboot, the odds paid in a bargain orexchange (Jam.).
\_A-, at + bool, q.v.]
ABOUT, prep., conj. and adv. In gen. use. See below,
[abut, aba t, abet, abeu't.]
L />/•<'/>. Without ; lo get about a person, see hfiiow. Also
co)tj. unless : usually by aphaeresis Bout, q.v.
w.Yks. Ah wor rairly off abaght it, Treddlehoyle Bairnsla
Ann. (i860) 39; 'E's tekken t'dthrink w'ile 'e can't do about it
(F. P. T.). Lan. Aw cannot tell lies abeawt aw say 'at he's a
pratty un, Waugh Ozvd Bodle 255. Chs.^ To get about a person,
is to get without him, to get rid of him. Stf.' Abawt.
ABOUT
[9]
ABREDE
2. Near!}', almost; of number, quantity: near to, ap-
proximating.
e.An.' Isllie horse worth /'40? — Nothing about it. Is he a mile
ofl? — No, nor about it. Nrf.' Nrf., Suf., Sus. Holloway.
3. L'pon (the person).
w.Som.' Aay aa n u-gau t u vaardn ubacwt mcc [I have not a
fai thing ab ut me]. Dhee-s airrt ii ae'u dhu stik ubaewt dim baak
u dhee [thou oughtest to liave the stick (beaten) upon thy back].
4. For the purpose of.
w.Som.' Dhush j'uur haar-ti-fccsh ul, ud'n neet u beet lik geo'd
oal raat'ud diumg, ubaewt gifcen voar uv u kraap wai [this new-
fangled artificial (manure"! is not nearly as cfl'cctual as good old
rotten dung, for the purpose of securing a crop]. That there's
a capical sort of a maunger 'bout savin' o' corn.
5. adv. Unfinished, in process, on hand ; to be about, to
be engaged upon, occupied witli.
Nhb. And what the de'il folks war aboot. Wilson Pitman's Pay
(1843) 113. n.Yks. About, in hand, in tlie doing, on hand (I.W.I.
n Lin.* We'd a three-wcaks' westi aboot that daay. Chs.* What's
Mary doin' ? — Oh ! oo's about th' butter. About th' beds [making
the beds]. Nhp.* Applied to the domestic and other culinary
etceteras resulting from a pig being killed for family use: We've
got a pig about this week. War. (J.R.W.'i w.Som.' While the
harvest is about. Shockin hand vor to keep work about. Cor.^
What are you about now ?
6. Moving, esp. applied to the resuming of bodily activity
on recovery from an illness.
Lin.' He will soon be about again. Not.' Mester's a nice bit
better, he's getting abaoiit agcn. Wil. Before the second child
died, two more tell ill on the same day. Only Abel and Jan were
still about. EvviNcyd)/ 0/ IViiuliiiill (1876) xxv. Wil.' M.v missus
were bad aal last wick wi' rheumatiz, but she be about agen now.
7. Near at hand.
r.'ot.' Lei.' An' a shillinswuth o'arringcs, if yo've got any abaout.
8. I ntensive or otiose in about iiuw, about right, about what,
and jii.'it about.
Wm. You're aboot right there, sir, Ward Elsmere (1888") bk. i.
vii. e.Yks.' It's tahm ti set taties aboot noo, MS. add. {T. H.)
w.Yks. Abaht reight. Banks Wkjld. Jfrfs. (18651. n.Lin.' He's a
straange good hand at tellin' taales an' hinderin' uthcr foaks vvalkin'
wi' listenin' to him, an' that's aboot what he's fit for. Hmp.' She
war just about mad. Wil.' 'Twer just about cold s'marnin. [Amer.
To do a thing about right is to do it well. I fell foul of the old mare,
and if I didn't give it to her about right, then there's none o' me,
that's all, Bartlf.tt]
9. About iioivt, good for nothing ; about of, 'bout house,
sec below ; almut H'hat. the upsliot of an afl'air ; alt about,
(i) nearly, (2) in confusion, disorder, (3) lightheaded ; all
about it, the whole matter; to be at>oul, to stroll idly; to
have iwlhiitg about one, to be useless ; to put about, to upset,
distress.
n.Yks. He's aboot nowt (I.W.). Glo.' About of zixteen.
I.W.2 Bout house, on the fioor or on the ground. Don't dro the
things bout house. He up vist and I vound myself bout house.
Cum.' They bodder't t'poor lad. for they wantit to git shot on him,
and that's about what, and nowder mair nor less. e.Yks.' Maisther
bullyragg'd ma aboot nowt at all ; bud he wants te be shut o' ma,
an that's aboot what. ( i i w.Yks. Ah've all abaht eniff apple-trees
i' t'gardin (jE.B.'i. (21 n.Yks. All about, scattered, in disorder
(I.W.). w.Wor.' To think as the missis should come to see me,
an' my 'ouse ahl-about like this ! Hrf.^ Our 'ouse be all about just
now. Glo.' All about, in a state of confusion. Hmp. I'm all about
the place [my house is untidy] (H.C.M.B.). w.Som.' Dhai bee
ugoo' un laf dhur dhingz au'l ubaewt [they are gone and have)
left their things (i.e. tools i scattered about]. (3"! War. (J.R.W.)
Hrf.' To get all about in his head, to become light-headed ; Hrf.*
n.Lin.' I weant gie the anutherfarden. so that's all aboot it. w.Wor.'
Thee canna go to-daay ; thee mun stop at oaQm, an' that's ahl-
about-it. Hrf.' That's all about it. w.Som.' I.ac'uzee fuuhur, ee-z
au-vees ubaewt [lazy fellow, he is always idly strolling]. Neef
uun-ee aay kud j-iiez mce an-, aa^' sheod-n bee ubaewt [if only I
could use my hand, 1 should not be walking about idly]. sw.Lin.'
When a woman has nothing about her, it's a bad job for a man.
Not.' I wor that put abaout I didn't know what way to turn.
10. Bide-about, (1) to loiter. (21 to be given to drinking ;
lie-about, drunken; run-atmut, (i) adj. wandering, rest-
less, (2) sb. a pedlar, itinerant trader, a gossip, {3) v. to go
gossiping.
1,11 w.Som.' Leok shaarp-n ncct buyd ubaewt ! [make haste, and
VOL. I.
do not loiter]. (2) Ee du buyd ubaewt mans aul dhu wik laung
[he stays drinking in public-houses nearly all the week long].
Dhai du zai aewe e-z u tuurubl luy-ubaewt fuul ur [they say
how he is a terribly drunken fellow], (i) Aay-v u-yuurd aew
ee-z u tuurubl urn-ubacwt fuulur [I have heard that he is a very
roving fellow]. (2) A.iy niiv ur doaun dac'ul wai' noa urn-ubaewts
[I never deal with pedlars]. We be ter'ble a-pestered way urn-
alxiuts. Uur-z u rig lur urn-ubaewt [she is a thorough gossip].
(3) Her do urn-about most all her time.
ABOUTEN, adv. and fief>. Ircl. e.Yks. Suf. Sus. Hmp.
[abetan, abeutan.] About, in its various lit. senses.
Wxf.' Abut, Abouten, about e.Yks.' Abootan, around, round
about, MS. add. (T. H.) Suf. Ohsnl. Only in phr. as 'Abouten ten'
(F.H.). Sus.' I was abouten going out, when Master Noakes he
happened along, and he kep' me; Sus.* Hmp.' Abouten, about,
near to.
[ME. abouten, abuten, OE. a-, oii-butan. Hence E. about,
which is merely a contracted form. Abouten occurs in
Chaucer and P. Plon'iiiaii (see Skeat's Glossaries).]
ABOVE, prep. Van dial, uses in So. and Eng. [abu'v,
sbBv.]
1. In addition to, after; too much for, beyond.
Edb. Couple above couple dating the day of their happiness, MoiR
Maiisie U'aiich 1828 11. Lin. She had a sleeping-draught, but
the pain was above it (R. E.G.).
2. Above of.
Som. The urd rhoofs . . . pecpcn' above the apple orchards, an'
a bit o' the grey church tow'r rhiscn' above o' them, Leiih Lemon
Vtrbciia ( 1895 ' 92.
3. Above-a-bit, more than a little, exceedingly, to a great
degree.
Lan. I'm above a bit behind h.and. Gaskell M. Barton C1848)
V. Chs.' Eh, Polly! aw do love thee above a bit. s.Chs.',
Stf.',War.2 Wor. When we came out of church, it peppered
down above a bit, I fancy it rained all church-while (H.K.).
w.Wor.' These 'ere bad times werrits me above-a-bit, thaay do;
I dunno w'at to do, no more than the dyud. se.Wor.', s.Wor.'
Shr.''E fund as 'e'd got all the work to do 'isself, so 'e off wuth
'is smock an' went into it above-a-bit. Hrf.' I like that man above
a bit. Glo.', Oxf.', Brks.' Sur. You do look above a bit better,
BiCKLEY Stn: Hills (1890I III. xvi. w.Som.' Maister let-n 'ave it
s-morning 'bove a bit, but I widn bide to hear it ; I baint no ways
fond o' the vulgar tongue. [Aus., N.S.W. He could handle the
ribbons above a bit, Boldrewood Robbery (1888) II. xvi.]
4. Above bank.
Nhb., Dur. Above bank — the surface, Nicholson Coal Tr. Gl.
(1888).
[ME. above[n), abuven; OE. Sbufan = on i be ■¥ ufan (cf.
G. obcn).]
ABRAHAM, ISAAC, AND JACOB. Lin. A name
of Syiitphvtuin offwiuale (N.O. Boraiiiiiaeeae], as well as of
other plants having dilVcrcnt shades of colour among the
flowers on the same stem.
n.Lin. Abraham. Isaac, and Jacob, Borago orirntalis; n.Lin.1
Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, (i) the Garden Comfrey. Symphyliim
officinale, 12") J'lilmonaria nfficinalis, (3) Borago oiirnlalis.
ABRAID, z\' [abred.] To reprove, upbraid.
n.Yks.2
[I abrayde one, I caste one in the tethe of a matter,
Palsg. 415. The same word as below.]
ABRAID, J'.* Cum. Vks. Lin. [abred.abrea'd, abria'd.]
To rise nauseously in the stomach.
N.Cy.' Abraid, to rise on the stom.-ich. Cum. Abraide, to have
the acid, Linton Lair Cv. (1864 295. Yks. The grossncss of the
food, as some say, upbraids him: properly it abraids. Hamilton
IViigae Lit. (1841'! 340. w.Yks. This term is applied to articles
of diet, which prove disagreeable to the taste, and difficult of
digestion, Willan Liil ll'ds. (,i8il). Lin.'
[ME. abreydeit, to wrench, to start; OE. abregdan, to
twist, to draw a sword. Tiie dialect sense is found in
Ei.yot's Caslel of Ilelth : An appetite to cate or drynke
mylke, to the extent that it shal not arise or abraied in the
stomake (N.E.D.l.j
ABREARD, n(/>'. n.Irel. [abriad.]
N.I.' Abreard. the condition of a field when the crop appears.
\A-, on -f braird, q.v.|
ABREDE, adv. Sc. and the n. counties to Yks. and
Lin. [abred, abrrd, abriad.J
c
ABREDE
[1°:
ABUNDATION
1. In breadth ; to spread abrede, to expand.
Ayr. Spread abreed thy well-fiU'd brisket. Wi' pith an' power.
BuRNSii787)7b/i<i^H/rfA/a/r. N.Cy.i Abrede, in breadth. Nhb.>
n.Yks.2 Quite full abrede [sufficient in breadth]. The wall was only
a brick abrede [a single brick in thickness]. ne.Yks.i Twall was
nobbut a brick a-brede (s.v. Brede). e.Yks.i Abreed. n.Lin.' Th'
wall's nobut a brick abread.
2 In a loose or scattered manner ; spread or cast about.
N.Cy.i Abrede, spread out. Dur.' Cum. Sad wedder, an'
sea mickle hay liggan abreed (M.P.). Wm.* T'rain hes catch'd
t'hay abreed. Tha mun scale that muck abreead. n.Yks.' [Of
corn not yet shocked] When Ah passed i' t'moorn. 'tvvur liggin'
abreead ; but 'twur led afoore neeght. w.Yks.' T'hay's abreed.
ne.Lan.^ His hay is o abrede.
3. Apart ; in pieces, asunder.
Rxb. Haud your legs abreid till I creep through (Jam.). Cum,
T'pj'e-dish is flown abreed i' t'yubbem 'M.P.).
[ME. a brede, on brede (Chaucerj ; OE. on bnvdc, in
breadth.]
ABREDE, V. Sc. Cum. To publish widely.
Sc. Abrede, to spread abroad (Jam.). Cura.^ Abreed, to spread
or extend.
[ME. abreden, OE. abrcedan, to broaden, expand.]
ABRICOCK, s6. Chs. Som. [eabrikok.] The apricot.
See Apricock.
Chs.i3 Abrecock, an apricot Som. (B. & H.) ; w.Som.' Our
abricocks 'ont be fit to pick vor another fortnight.
{Mains anncniaca is called in Greeke, Melca armeniace.
in highe duche Land ein amarel baunie. in the dioses of
Colo Kardiinielker baiinie, in frech Vug abricottier, &
some englishe me cal the fruite an Abricok, W. Turner
Names of Herbes (1548), 52; The fruit is named ... in
English, Abrecoke. Aprecock, and Aprecox, Gerard
(1636) 1449. Port, albricoque, Sp. albaricoqne, It. albercocca,
albicocca, Arab. al-biirqTiq, Gr. TvpMKOKiuv (Byzantine ;3epi-
KOKKi'i. pi.), Lat. praecoqimm, early ripe.]
ABROACH, V. Yks. [abruatj]
n.Yks. Commonly used in Cleveland (R. H. H.) ; n.Yks.^
Abroach'd, set afloat as a report.
[ME. abrochcn. to pierce a cask so as to let the liquor
flow out ; also, to give utterance to. So in Allit. Poems,
i. 1122: Then glory and gle watz newe abroched. OFr.
abrocher. to broach a cask.]
ABROAD, adv. Sc. Irel., gen. throughout the rnidl.
and s. counties, but not in gloss, of n.Cy. [abroa'd,
abru3"d.]
1. Out of doors, out in the air, away from home ; tip and
about ; out to sea.
Frf. He was seldom seen abroad in corduro'ys, Barrie Thtiiiiis
(i8go) no. Gall. He went less frequently abroad, Crockett
Bog-Myrlle {iQg$'\ 2^6. Ir. God save you, Mrs. M'Gurk ; you're
abroad in great ould polthers, Barlow Idylls (tSga) 95. War.^
Drive them chickens abroad. Shr.' That peckled 'en's al'ays about
the door 6uth 'er chickens ; I wish 'cr'd tak' 'em abroad awilde.
Glo. When a man's owld, . . . and can't get abroad as er'd used to,
BucKMAN Darke's Sojount (1890) ii. Brks.' A farmer is sometimes
described as gone abro-ad when walking in the fields. e.An.'
Abroad, out to sea, outside the house. Suf. There's a rare waterpot
abroad [it was raining heavily] (C.T.). Sur.^ We wants a torn
turkey very bad ; perhaps when you're abroad you may hear of
one. Dev. You don't mean, carrier, that 3'ou surmise it's the ' old
gentleman' abroad, O'Neill 7oW xi -D///(/>Sf5 (1893) 43. Slang.
When a boy returned to school work after sick leave, he was said
to 'come abroad,' IVinchestcr Sch. (L.L.S.)
2. Lying scattered, spread about ; in different directions,
dispersed ; ail-abroad, in great confusion.
Brks.i Corn or hay is said to be layin' abro-ad ^vhen scattered
about, and neither in cocks nor zwaths. Sur.* Sus.* Abroad, in
all directions, all about, (s.v. AbusefuUy) He thre\v abroad all her
shop-good.s. Hmp.i Scattered. w.Som.' Dee'ur, dee-ur ! dhu
raayn-z u kaum-ecn, un aul dh-aay-z ubroa-ud [dear, dear! the
rain is coming and all the hay is lying loose and scattered].
Dev. Now tha rain's awver yii'd better draw they haj'pooks
abroad, Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892) 87.
a. In pieces, asunder.
Hrf.2 The carriage has gone abroad. Glo. The brim's broke
abroad in a please or two, look'ec . . . but wliat I says is. Never
buy no new un ! wear th'owld un till the crownd draps out on
un; wear un till the zides vail abroad, Buckman Darke's Sojourn
(^1890) iii. Dor.^ The vu'st time he [a wagon] 's a hauled out
in the zun, he'll come all abroad. w.Som.^ V-uur u-teokt dhu
klauk ubroa'ud? [has he taken the clock to pieces?] Ees ! keodn
due noart tiie un, voar u wuz u-teokt aul ubroa-ud [yes, (he) could
not do anj'thing to it, until it was taken all to pieces], Shauk'een
bwuuy vur braik ubroa*ud-z kloa'uz [shocking boy for tearing his
clothes to pieces]. Dev. 'Tez a bit ov mutton ; I've a bowled it
an' I've a bowled et, I've a chowed et an' I've a chowed et, me an'
my ole man tu, an' us cudden git et abroad, chow za hard's us
ciide, Hewett Peas, Sp. (1892) 62 ; Jelly so stiff that if you were
to throw it over the house 'twouldn't fail abroad, Sharland
ZJt-w. Fi7/«^c(i885) 54. nw.Dev.' Abroad, in pieces. w.Cor. I ca-ant
mend this ' umberella' afore its taken abroad (^M. A. C.) ; I'll tear it
abroad. Monthly Mag. (^1808) II. 421.
4. Open, apart.
w.Som.i My head's splittin abroad. I.aur Jiin ! dhee frauk-s
aul ubroa'ud [law, Jane ! thy frock is all unfastened]. Dev, Yu
mid be zartin Brownie want val coming down hill. Dreckly 'er
veel'th 'erzel a-slipping, 'er spraddlcth 'er legs abroad and stapp'th
dead-still! Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892) 126. nw.Dev.' Abroad, un-
fastened, open. Cor. Why I never heard et at all, but I kept my
eyes abroard, Forfar Kynance Cove (1865) 43 ; Cor.i The door is
all abrawd.
5. Confused, mistaken, ' astray,' wide of the mark, esp. in
all abroad.
Ntip.' All abroad, an expression used when any undertaking has
failed, and the person is at a loss what fresh steps to pursue ;
equivalent to 'all at sea.' Mid. He isn't off his head, exactly, but
— you know that we all get a little abroad, when we lie on our
backs so long as not to know our legs. Blackmore Kit (1890') II. ii.
Cor.2 He's all abroad there. Colloq. All abroad, wide of the mark
(Farmer). [Amer. Abroad, confused, staggered (Farmer).]
6. Boiled, cooked, or squeezed to pieces, to a mash, or
liquid condition.
w.Som.' Skwaut ubroa'ud dhu ving'ur oa un [squeezed his finger
quite flat]. Dhai bee fac'umus tae'udees.dhai-ul bwuuyul ubroa'ud
sae"um-z u dust u flaaw'ur [those are splendid potatoes, they will
boil to a mash like a dust of flour]. Dev. ' Be they tatties a ciiked
'et?' ''Ess.' 'Well, than, drain um off or they'll be bowled all
abroad,' Hewett Peas. Sp. (18921 55: Ef theyse yer tatties du
bowl inny longer they'll val awl abroad, ib. 45. w.Cor. The sugar
is gone abroad (M.A.C.).
[1. Abroad (in the open air, from home, or not within),
foris, sub dio, in publico or aperto. As, they often sup
abroad. /o;-/s saepe coenani. There must be a fit place taken
abroad, Idoneus sub dio siimcndtis locus. He lay abroad
all night, pernoctavit in publico. Coles (1679) ; I atn glad
to see your lordship abroad (not confined to your sick-
chamberi, Shaks. 2 Hen. 11^, \. ii. 108. ME. For thorw his
broth bestes wexen and abrode jeden, P. Ploivman (b.) xiv.
60. 3. ME. His brayne fyl alle abrode, Caxton G. Leg. 165.]
ABROADY, arfi/. Nhp. Oxf. A child's word for abroad,
out of doors.
Nlip.' Come, let's go abroadey, or ' all abroadey.' Ox£t [Said to
children] Come an' go abroady along o' I.
ABRON, adj. Obs. Shr. Auburn.
Shr.' 'Er wuz a sweet pretty babby, 66th nice abron ar, but too
cute to live.
[This is a i6th-cent. form. Cp. -A. lustie courtier, whose
curled head With abron locks was fairly furnished. Hall
Viigidemariiim (1597) 111. Sat. v. 8. ME. aborne, OFr.
auborne, Lat. alhurnus.\
ABROOD, adj. w.Som. Dev. [abrded.] In the act of
incubating,
w.Som.' Uur zaut ubrco'd uur vcol tuym [she sat on her eggs
her full time]. Dh-oa'l ain-z ubreo'd tu laas [the old hen is silting
at last]. Still the common word used. Dev. Wlien tha ducks a
brood wis zot, Nathan Hogg Poet. Let. (1847) 52, ed. 1865; Polly
ought tu bring out 'er chicken tu-day ; her'th a zot a-brood vur
dree weeks, Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892) 153.
yA-, on -f brood.]
ABSENT, adj. Stf Obsol. Intoxicated.
Stf. Mouthly Mag. (1816; I. 494.
ABUD, see Aye but.
ABUNDATION, sb. In Chs. Shr. Stf. Wor. Hrf.
Glo. Also written bundation, Glo.' Hrf.* [abunde-Jan,
abendejan.] Abundance.
ABUSEFUL
["]
ACCOUNT
Chs.' Abundation, in frequent use at Middlcwicli tliirtj'-five
years ago. s.Chs. 'There'll be very fyow few) tunnits this 'ear,
bu' we shan have abundation o' teetocs. Shr.' Stf.' Abundation.
a large quantity. Wor. Porson Oiioiiil /(''f/.'.'. (1875X Hrf.', GIo.'
[A late dialect formation, composed of abiiiiif- (in a/iiiii-
dance) + the suffix -a/ion. The word docs not seem to liave
been used at any time in the literary language, although
the formation has the perfect analogy of iitiiii(/<itioii.]
ABUSEFUL, adj. Yks. Lin. War. Shr. Hrf. Glo.
[abiusful, abiusfalj. Abusive.
n.Yks.= Abuscful, insolent. m.Yks.', n.Lin.', War. (J. R.W.),
Shr.' Hrt'^Abuseful, abusive. Glo.' Abuseful, abusive.
Hence Abusefully, ad'o. in an abusive manner.
Sus.' As mj' missus was a-going home a Saddaday night, she met
Master Chawbery a-coming out of the Red Lion, and he treated
her most abusefully, and threw abroad all her shop-goods.
[A late formation. Abuse, sb.-\ full. The word was not
uncommon in 17th cent, literature ; for instance, it occurs in
Barlow's Reinaiiis (1693) 397 : He scurrilously reviles the
King and Parliament by the abuseful names of Hereticks
and'Schismaticks (N.E.D.). It must have been but rarely
used by later writers, for it does not appear in Gouldman,
Coles, Bailey, or Johnson.]
ABY, V. Obs. Sc. n.Cy. Also written abie, N.Cy.' To
pay (dearly) for an offence, to expiate, atone.
Sc. I trust he should dearly abye his outrecuidance, Scott
IVavrrliy 1814) I. 58. N.Cy.' Ye shall dearly abie it
[If I catch him in this company ... he dearly shall abye,
Spenser F. O. hi. vi. 24 ; Lest to thy peril thou aby it dear,
SiiAKS. M.N.D. 111. ii. 175- ME. abyen, to buy, purchase ;
OE. abycgatt.]
ABY, adv. Nhb. \Vm. [abai-.] On one side.
Nbb. ' Aby, aside, that is, a-by or a-oncside. ' Stan' aby there '
is a familiar shout in a crowd when a way is to be cleared. Wm.'
[A-, on-hiv.]
ACABO, phr. Nrf Suf fakebS.]
Nrf. That would puzzle Acabo, Cozens-Hardv Broad Nrf. {ligz)
68. Suf. It would puzzle Acabo (F. H.). Slang. He beats
Akeybo, and Akeybo beat the devil, Hotten Slang Did. ^186$).
ACAMY, sb. adj. Sh. & Or. I. and w. & s.Sc. A diminu-
tive thing; also a//nb. diminutive.
Sh.I. Often used for a weakly young creature of any kind (K.I.).
Or. I.I G P.) S. & Ork.' Or. I., w.& s.Sc. Acamy, applied to any
small, diminutive person or animal. Acamy, acamie, small, diminu-
tive (Jam. 5k/>/>/.).
[Prob. the same word as atomy, a diminutive being; so
in SiiAKS. : Drawn with a team of little atomies Athwart
men's noses, R. Sr'J. i. iv. 57.]
ACANT, adv. n.Yks. [ska'nt]
n.Yks. A box is acant when it is not level with the ground
(G.W.W.); n-Yks.^Acant, leaning to one side.
[A-, on + cant, edge, slope.]
ACAST, adv. Yks. [akast, ake'st] Crooked, twisted,
warped.
n. Yks. 2 Akest. cast or twisted to one side. e.Yks. It's all akest,
Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889) 50; e.Yks.' MS. add. (T.H.)
[A-, on -f cast.]
ACAUSE, conj. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Den Not. Lin.
Lei. Brks. Sus. Dev. [akos.] Because. Also in phr.
acnuse on, because of.
Nhb ' He wadn't gan acas he wis flaid. He couldn't run acas on
his bad foot. Cuin.3 For noute at o' else but acoase they think he
kens me. n.Yks. Akaws t'sup o' milk's getten scattcrt, Twed-
DELL C/cir/. yW_)'m« (1875) 36. ne.Yks.' Acoz. ne-Lan.' Acos.
e.Lan.' Ocose. Der. Happen I'm slow acos it's an owd, owd tale
wi' me, and you're quick acos it's a new story to you. Gushing
Kof (1888) I. ix. Not' n.Lin.' Acos. Lei.' Acoz. Brks.'Awunt
come acause thee bist yer. Sus. Acus all de family be troubled
wud sich bad eyes, Lower Tom CUidf'ole { 1831) pt. iv. Dev. Her's
a pining acause you be so long away, Baring-Gould/. Herring
(1888) 325.
[A-, on + caiisei\
ACCABE,//;/. s.Pem. [a'kabi.] An expression of disgust.
s.Pem. Accabe ! there's a doorty owld shanty Maary keeps
(■W.M.M.).
[Prob. of LG. origin, the expression being due to
the Flemish colonists in Pembroke. Schuermans gives
(s.v. Aak] akf-puu ! The Holstein Idiotikon (s.v. Akkeit)
has iikke/i .' ai-kifa .' an expression of disgust employed
by nurses to dirty little children. So akkc pii! in the
Bremen \\'tbch.\
ACCASPIRE, see Acrospire.
ACCESS, .sZi. Sc. Nhb. Ken. Sus. Also written aixies,
exies .Sc. N.Cy.' ; axes S. iJc Ork.' Ken. ; axey Sus.
1. An ague fit.
Sc. The cookmaid in the trembling exies, Scorr Br, of Lam.
(18191 xi ; Shiverin an' shakin wi' the Irem'lin aixies, Hunter
/ /(/iwcA 11895) xvi. S.& Ork.', N.Cy.' Ntib. Grose 1790 . Ken.
A'. <&- Q. (1885) 6th S. xi. 308. Sus.'
2. Hysterics.
Sc. Jenny Rintherout has ta'en the exies, and done nothing but
laugh and greet, Scott Aiilii}uary 1816 xxxv.
[The access of an ague is the approach or coming of
the fit. . . . In Lancashire they call the ague itself the
access, as 'such a one is sick of the access," Blount (1670I.
The word occurs as early as Chaucer in the sense of an
ague fit : A charme . . . The whichc can helen the of thyn
accesse, Tr. (S^" Cr. 11. 1316. Fr. acces, cp. un acces defievre
(Hatzfeld).]
ACCOMIE, sh. Obs. Sc. (Jam.) Also written accumie.
A species of mixed metal.
Sc. Mis writing pen did seem to me to be Of harden'd metal, like
steil or accumie, Scot (of Satchcll:. Hist. Naint 0/ Scot ',1776! 34.
[This word is a form of atc/niiiy, used in the sense of a
metallic composition imitating gold, as if bj' the art of the
alchemist. In byrnist gold and finest alcomye, Doi-glas
Aeiteis XII ; Alkamye, mctallc, alkainia. Prompt.; Alca-
namy, coriittliiiiin, Cath. Aiml. The form ockamy (or
occamy) was also once in use. Skinner says : Ockamy,
Metallum quoddani iiu'stuiii, colore argenti acniiiluni, sed
vilissiinuni, corriiptiim a nostra Alchyiny. Steele mentions
'an occamy spoon,' Guardian, No. 26; see Nares.]
ACCOR'AEARTH, sb. n.Cy. w.Yks. ne.Lan. Also
written accorah- n.Cy. w.Yks. ne.Lan.; acora- w.Yks.
[a'kara-iaf).] Green arable earth ; a field.
n.Cy. Accorah-earth, green arable earth, Grose (1790^ ; Hollo-
WAV. w.Yks. Hutton Tour to Caves (,i-j8i y, Lvcas Stud. A,'idderda/e
(c. 1882 228. neXan '
ACCORD, ji. Sc. Wor. Hrf. [akord, akad.] To agree,
come to an agreement.
Sc, Proceed as we accorded before dinner, Scott JVaverfn'iiSi^)
xix ; The Queen accorded with this view of the matter, Cablvi.e
Fted. Gt. (1865, X. 57. w.Wor.'Im an' 'er can't accard together
no waaj'. s.Wor.' Hrf.^
[My consent and fair according voice, Shaks. li.dr'J.
I. ii. 19. ME. acorden, to agree: If evesong and morwe-
song acordc, Chaucer C.T. a. 830. OFr. acorder.]
ACCORDING, adv. Wor. Glo. Som. and var. dial,
[akoa-din, aka'din.] Comparatively, in proportion to;
dependent upon lin gen. use).
se.Wor.' It's as much bigger accardin' as my fut is nur that
there young un's [it is as much larger comparatively, as my foot
is than that child's]. Glo.' He's the biggest according [i. e. in
proportion to his age]. w.Som.' D-ee dliingk ee-ul bee acubl vur
kau-m? Wuul, kaa'n tuul ee nuz.iaklce, t-acz koa-rdecn wuur
aayv u-fiineesh ur noa [Do you think you will be able to come ?
Well, (I) cannot tell you exactly; it is dependent upon whether I
have finished or not].
ACCORDINGLY, adv. Yks. Lin. [akoadinlai.] In pro-
portion. See According.
n.Yks^. e.Yks.' Thoos dcean varry lahtle (little), an' thoo may
expect to be paid accoadinlyc. This word is hardly ever heard in
the sense of consequently. w.Yks. Jack's tallest, but Tom's taller
accordinglye to his age, Leeds Merc. Siippl. (.Apr. 1 1, 1891). n.Lin.
He's gotten a sixty-aacre farm an' stock an' things accordin'-ly
(M.P.) ; n.Lin.' sw.L'n.' I don't think it's dear— not accordingly.
Oh. they're a lot cheaper accordingly. It's accordingly as they do it.
ACCOUNT, in //;r. Sc. Brks. Sus. Wil. Dev. [Sc.akunt;
ake'unt.]
To lay one's account n'ilh, to assure one's self of, make
up one's mind to, to reckon on ; to make account of, to
value, esteem ; to set account by, to value ; to take account
of, to pay attention to, value.
Sc. I counsel you to lay your account with suflTering. Walker
C 2
ACCOUTREMENTS
[12]
ACLITE
Peden. {1827) 56 (Jam.); You may lay your account with oppo-
sition, Scotk. (1787) 51. Brks. 'Most young men would have
been crippled for life by it.' ' Zo 'em would, the young wosbirds ;
I dwon't make no account on 'em.' said Simon, Hughes T. Brozvii
Ox/. (18611 x.x.xiii. Sus. Thej' don't seem to make much account
of parsons up here, sir, Egerton Flhs. niid IFays (1884) ic6.
Dev.^ I dawnt zit no account by 'n, 'e idden vit vor much. n.Wil.
She do take a turrible deal o' 'count o that viower as you give her
(E.H.G.). nw.Dev.' Doan ee take no 'count o' 'n, my dear; he
waan't aurt ee. I caan't tell ee 'ow many there waz ; I did'n take
no count o' min [i. e. I did not observe them closely].
[I must lay my account with such interruption every
morning, S.mollett R. Random, I. 176; To make great
(little) account of, magiiifacio, parvi ant itihili peiido. Coles
(1679) ; Estinier, to set by, make much account of, Cotgr. ;
Or the son of man, that thou makest account of him,
Bible Ps. cxliv. 3; A Icon in his rage Which of no drede
set accompt,GowER C.A. m. 267 ; I set it at no more accompt
Than wolde a bare straw amount, ib. 11. 286.]
ACCOUTREMENTS, sb. pi. w.Cor. [aku'taments.]
Things strewn about.
w.Cor. Pick up your accouterments (M.A.C.).
[In Shaks. accoutrements is used of a person's dress,
apparel : Point-device in your accoutrements, As Yoii, \u.
ii. 402; In habit and device, exterior form, outward ac-
coutrements, K. John, 1. i. 211.]
ACCROSHAY, s6. Cor. A kind of leap-frog.
Cor.^ A cap or small article is placed on the back of the stooping
person by each boy as he jumps over him ; the one who knocks
either of the' things off has to lake the place of the stooper : the
first time he jumps over the boy says 'Accroshay,' the second
'Ashotay,' the third ' Assheflaj',' and lastly 'Lament, lament
Leleemau's (or Lelena's) war' ; Cor.^ MS. add.
[On inquiry of some of our Board School boys I learn
that here (at Redruth) they occasionally play leap-frog
with the 'pillar boys' arranged in two lines, boys starting
on each line simultaneously, and this they call ' Crossy,'
as my informants the boys say, from crossing each other
continually (T. C. P.).]
ACCUSE, 11. w.Som. [akiiz.] To appoint, invite, inform.
w.Som.^ Uvoar uur duyd uur ukeo'Z dhai uur weesh vur tu kaar
ur [before she died she appointed those she wished to carry her].
Ee wuz maa-yn jul'ees kuz ce waud-n iikeo'z tu dhu suup'ur [he
was very jealous because he was not invited to the supper]. Dhai
wu zukeo'z uvoar an", un zoa dhai wuz u-prai-pae'ur [they were
informed beforehand, and so they were prepared].
[Cf Fr. accuser, ' sigiia/er, rendre manifested 'J' accuse la
reception de vnfre lettre.' See Hatzfeld.]
ACCUSSING, see Hackaz.
ACE, s6. Nrf. |e's.] In ocf (y^f/rtb/^i-f, wholly, entirely.
Nrf. He baat the 'Merricans ace and douce, Spilling Giles s
Trip (1872) 23. w.Nrf. Bate it ace an' douce if yow can find it,
Okton Bce&ton Gliost 1 18841 9.
ACELET, see Harslet.
ACH, int. s.Pem. In phr. ach upon you.
s.Pem. Ach upon you. Laws LUtle Eiig. (1888) 419.
ACHANCE, conj. w.Yks. [atjcns.] In case that, for
fear that, lest.
w.Yks. Achonce, in case that, Leeds (F.M.L.); w.Yks.5 Let
me tak care on't achance tuh loises it.' Tak t'umbrella wi' thuh
achonce it raans.
[A-, on + c/iance.]
ACHE, si.' Chs. Shr. Written aitch. [etj.] A sudden
pain or attack of illness ; paroxysms in an intermittent
disorder. Cf access.
Chs.' Plot aitches are flushings in the face ; fainty aitches are
fainting fits. [Also] Fainty haitches. slight indisposition; Chs.^;
Chs.^ Used to express a paroxysm of an intermitting disorder.
s.Chs.' I've had some despert bad fcenty (fainting) aitches leet-
whciles (lately). Hot aitches are flushings of heat. Shr.' ' They
tcll'n me as poor owd Matty Roberts is mighty bad.' ' Aye 'er's
"set to these aitches every spring an' fall.' I dunna like these
faintin'-aitches.
[OE. (Tce, ache, pain.]
ACHE, sb.' Cor. [ek, eak.] A large and comfortless
place; used of a room or house.
Cor.2 MS. add. [Perhaps a special sense of Ache' (T.C.P.).]
ACHE, sb.^ Cor. [etJ, eatJL] A plant-name. Bryony.
Cor.2 Ache, bryony. Ache-mor, bryony root, MS. add.
[In Britten &. Holland's Englis/i Plant-names ache ap-
pears as the name of the three following plants : (i) Apiiim
graveolens, L. (2) lianuucuhis sceU-ratus, L.; in Turn., Lib ,
from its celery-like leaves. (3) Fra.xiniis e.xcelsior, L. ('This
seems to be its meaning in the Plumpton correspondence,
p. 188,' Hall.) The application of the name to bryony
seems to be peculiar to Cornwall. Coles (1679) has aclie
for smallage (herb), apiiim. ME. ache, smallage ; OFr.
aclie, celery ; Rom. apia (for Lat. apiiim).}
ACHE, V. Ken. Sus.
1. To be weary, tired.
Sus.' I am afraid you'll ache waiting so long.
2. To long for, desire anything.
Sus.' Nancy just will be pleased, she has ached after a dole I
don't know the time when.
Hence Aching-tooth, camp.
Ken.' To have an aching-tooth for anything, is to wish for it very
much. Muster Moppett's man's got a ten'ble aching-tooth for our
old sow.
[To have an aking tooth at one, Indignor, infensum esse
aliciii, Coles.]
ACHE-BONE, see Aitch-bone.
ACHER, see Icker.
ACK, V. A mistaken form for Rack, q.v.
ACKADUR, V. S. & Ork. To persevere, endeavour.
Sh. or Or. I. Akkadur, to persevere i^Coll. L.L.B,}. S. & Ork.'
Ackadur, to endeavour.
ACKER, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. e.An. Also written aiker, Sc.
1. A ripple or dark streak on the surface of water, a
' cat's paw ' or ' curl.'
n.Cy. Sailors at sea name it when seen on a larger scale by the
expressive term 'cat's-paw.' The North-country peasant, how-
ever, knows it by the name ' acker,' implying, as it were, a space
ploughed up by the wind, Comb. Mag. (July 1865) 34; N.Cy.',
Nhb.', m.Yks.', w.Yks.' e.An.' Aker, a turbulent current, a com-
motion of a river.
2. The break or movement made by a fish in the water
(Jam.).
[This word occurs in ME. in the sense of a strong cur-
rent in the sea : Akyr of tlie see flowynge, impetus maris,
Prompt. ; An aker is it clcpt I understonde Whos myght
there may no shippe or wynd wyt stonde, MS. poem
(c. 1500), quoted by Way ; Aker of the sea whiche pre-
venteth the flowde or flowj'nge, impetus maris, Huloet.J
ACKER, V. Nhb. Cum. Yks. [e-kar, a-ka(r).]
1. To ripple, curl, as water ruffled from wind.
N.Cy.', Nhb.' Cum. Linton Lake Cy. (1864) 295.
2. Of the hair.
m.Yks.' The hair is said to acker when in wavy outline.
[See Acker, sb.'\
ACKER, see Acre.
ACKEREL, sb. w.Yks. Not. An acorn.
w.Yks. ////v. IFds. ; Ackerils [in Calder Vale], Yks. TV. & Q.
(1888) If. 13; Ackeril was in general use when I was a lad, in
Halifax and district. . . . Not very often used now {Letters, per
S.K.C.). Not. This word is still used ^S.O.A.).
ACKERMETUT, sb. w.Yks. Liquid manure.
w.Yks. 2 Ackermetut, Ackermetoota. Ackermantut : the word is
well known to old farmers about Sheffield.
ACKERSPRIT, see Acrospire.
ACKNOW, V. Obs. n.Cy. To acknowledge, confess.
n.Cy. Acknown, acknowledged, Grose (1790) ; N.Cy.' Nhb.'
[ME. a!;noiven, OE. oicmiivan.^
ACKNO'WLEDGE, v. e.An. [aknolid?.] To give a
'tip.'
e.An.' Acknowledge, to tip. Nrf., Suf. I hope you will acknow-
ledge me F.H.).
Hence Acknowledgement, pecuniary gift, without re-
ference to services rendered (I'.H.).
ACK'WARDS, see Awkward.
ACLITE, adv. Rxb. Nhb. [aklai't.] Out of joint,
awry.
Rxb. Aclite, ackleyt, awry to one side (Jam.). Nhb.' Newcastle's
now a dowly place, all things seems sore aclite, For here at last
ACOCK
[13]
ACRE
Blind Willie lies, an honest, harmless wight, Gilchrist Blind
Willie's Epil,tt>h 1 c. 1844).
[^/-, on + clile, q.v.]
ACOCK, nth'} Yks. Lan. Clo. [akok.]
Astride; fii;. elated, triumphant.
w.Yks.5 Acock o' t'liorse. Acock o' t'berom. Acock'n a riial.
Glo. To get a-cock of the house, and sit a-cock, Grose (1790) MS.
add. I M.) Colloq. Ride acock lioise To Banbury Cross. Ntuseiy
Rhviiu: All-a-cock, highly elated, Grose (1790) MS. add. (M.)
Hence A-cock-horse, adj. triumphant.
ne.Lan.'
[A-, on + cock, a heap, a hay-cock.]
ACOCK, ailv.'^ Colloq. To knock (a person) -a bit acock,
to disable him; hence, Jii;. to surprise, discomfit.
War.* Colloq. I can remember axin' my feyther how it was as
some folks was rich an' some was poor. It Icnockcd him a bit acock,
my axin' him that, Murray Nov. h'ole-bk. (1887; 259.
{A-, on + cock. Cp. cock used in the sense of an upward
turn, as in a cock of the eye, a cock of the nose, a cock of
a hat. I
ACOLD, adj. Won Brks. Cmb. I.W. Som. [akou-ld,
skoud.] Cold.
se.Wor.' Be yer 'cods acaowd ? come ether an' warm um.
Brks.' I be a-veelin acawld. Cmb. ( M. J.B.) I.W.' Acoolde, very
cold. w.Som.^ I be a-cold sure 'nongh z-mornin.
[A- {prcf.'^°) + cold. This word is sometimes used as a
quasi-archaic word by the poets of the 19th cent. : The
owl for all his feathers was a-coid, Keats St. Ai^nvs' Eve.
The word is best known (rom its occurrence in Shaks.,
Tom's a-cold, A'. Lccii; in. iv. 59. ME. Tlnis lay this pouer
in great distrcsse Acolde and hongry at the gate, Gower
C. A. III. 35. Perhaps the rcpr. of OE. acolod, pp. oiacoliait,
to cool.)
ACORN, sb. Lan. Chs. Lin. Lei. War. Wor. Hrf Hmp.
1. In phr. rii^lit as an acorn, honest, fair; sound as an
fffo/'«, without a flaw, free from imperfection; a red pig
for an acorn ; a horse foaled by an acorn, the gallows.
Lan. Come, aw think o's reet an' square. Reet as a hatch-horn,
Waugh jy«o;ii /Jfii (,1865) i ; Lan.^ Lan. An' seaundas an achurn,
Brierley Jingo (1878) 9. Chs.' As sound as a atchern. w.Wor.'
* As sound as an ackern ' is a local proverb, applied to everything
from a horse to a nut. Hrf.2 Chs.' A red pig for a atchern.
Slang. A horse foaled by an acorn, the gallows, Grose Diet. Vnlg.
Tang. (181 1), (Farmer^; As pretty a Tyburn blossom as ever was
brought up to ride a horse foaled by an acorn, Lytton Pdlmui (^1827)
Ixxxii.
Hence, of pigs, Yackery, adj., q.v.
2. Coinp. Acorn-mast, acorns, or acorns mixed with inast ;
Acorn-tree, the oak.
Hmp. Akermast, a collective name for acorns and mast, 'Wise
A'<K' Forest ( 1883 1 82 ; Hmp.' n.Lin. Acorn-tree, Qiiercus Robur;
n.Lin.', Lei.', War.^
ACORN, t/. Chs. War. Shr. Hrf Brks. Sur. Hmp. Wil.
Also written ackern War. ; yacorn, atcliorn Hrf ; see be-
low. To pick up acorns ; to feed on acorns. Usually in prp.
Chs.'; Chs. 2 The pigs are gone o' aitchorning; Chs.^ To go
atchOrning is to go picking up acorns. s.Chs.' I've sent the
children a-alchernin. War. (J.R.W.) Shr.' The childcrn bin
gwun achernin; Shr.^The pigs gwcen a akkering [or o' aitchorn-
ing). Hrf.' ; Hrf.2 Measter's got 17 on 'em out a 3'acorning [i.e.
pigs in the woods]. Brks.' When the acorns fall pigs are turned
into the woods a.nykernin. Sur.' Pigs when turned out in the
autumn are said to be akyring. Hmp.' The children be all gone
akering. Wil. The old country proverb, ' Ah, well, we shall live
till we die, if the pigs don't eat us, and then we shall go acorning,'
Jefferies Hdgiow. 1 18891 65.
Hence Akering-tinie.
Hmp.' Akering-time, the autumn, when acorns fall, and ar'e
gathered.
ACO'W, adv. n.Cy. Yks. Also written acaw N.Cy.'
[akau.] Crooked, askew, awry ; alsoy?4f.
N.Cy.' n.Yks. Hisshoes is trodden a-cow J. W.); n.Yks.* A-cow,
on one side, twisted. His mind's a-cow, he is crotchety.
[A-, on 4 cozv; see Cow, v.]
ACQUAINT, ppl. adj. Sc. n.Irel. LMa. [akwe'nt.]
Acquainted.
Sc. He is wcel acquent wi' a' the smugglers, thieves, and banditti,
Scott Midlothian (,1818) xv. Inv. Acquent, acquainted (H.E.F.).
Ayr. John Anderson my jo, John, When we were first acquent,
BuRNsyo/iH AttdersoH. Gall. The lassie micht no be acquant wi'
the name,CROCKEn\6i)jf-M'i//f I 1895, 173. N I.' I'm well acquant
with all his people. LMa. But James and me Was well acquent,
Browne Doctor {i9&-[ ] 28.
(ME. aqneynt. With such love be no more aqueynt, Rom.
Rose, 5200. AFr. aijueynt. OEr. acoint. personally known.]
ACQUAINTANCE, sb. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo.
[akwentsns.J A sweetheart.
War.2, s.Wor.' Shr.' • Molly, do you know that Miss F — is
going to be married ? ' ' Well, sir, 1 thought i sid 'er 00th an
acc|ualntance.' Hrf.^, Glo.'
ACQUAINTED, ppl. adj. Rut. Hrf Nrf [akwentid,
-ad.] To be ac(}iiai>ited, to be ' keeping compan)-.'
Rut.' Acquaijited, in the first stage of courting. Hrf.' They've
been acquauited a good while. Nrf. Acquented with, engaged
to be marrie<l 1 K. M.).
ACRAZED,//. n.Yks. [skrezd.]
n.Yks.2 A-craz"d. wrong-headed.
[From OFr. acraser (mod. e'crascr'), to break in pieces.
The E. craze is probably an aphetic form of rtc/w^c]
ACRE, sb. Various tlial. uses in Great Britain and Irel.
See below, [ekafr), ea'kalrl, yakair).]
1. Any piece of land, arable or tilled, a field ; chiefly con-
fined to names of fields, whatever their extent may be.
w.Yks.' .'\cker, flnemould. Nhp.^ Fields of much larger extent
than an acre are called by this name.asGreen's-yacker, Rush-yacre.
Nrf. Acre, a field, as Castle Acre in Norfolk K.).
2. A measure of land, ditVcring in various parts of Great
Britain and Ireland from the normal statutable piece of
40 poles long by 4 broad = 4840 sq. yds. This variation
sometimes coincides with the ditfcrent nature of the crop,
lie, which the land yields.
Sc A Scotch acre commonly = 6084 square yards. Robertson
Agric. ill Per. (1799) (N.E.D.); The Scotch acre was nearly one
acre, one rood, two perches of Eng. measure, Libr. Agric, (1830).
Ir. 121 Irish acres do make 196 English statute acres. Petty Pol.
Anal. (1691) 52. Wm. The acre [has] 6760 jards vC. D.). s.Lan.
Chs.' The acre is 10.240 sq. yards, and is still in constant use
amongst farmers, especially in the northern half of the county,
and in s. Lan. Chs. land measure is as follows : — 64 square yards
= I rood (i.e. rod), 40 roods = i quarter. 4 quarters = i acre. Lin.
Among the customary English acres are found . . . 200 [perches]
for copj'hold land (CD.). Lei. The acre has 2308 j yards i,C. D.\
Wales. A Welsh acre is usually two English acres. Wohlidgk
Syst. Agric. (1681); In Wales difterent measures, the crw. the
stang, the p.iladr, are called acres vC.D.). Cor. [5760 yards] l.ibr.
Agric-, (,1830). Var. dial. An acre sometimes is estimated by the
proportion of seed used on it ; and so varies according to the
richness or sterility of the land, Worliuge Syst. Agric. (1681)
321. Among the customary English acres are found measures
of the following numbers of perches — 80 or 90 (of hops\ 107, no,
120 (shut acre), 130, 132, 134, 141, t8o (forest acre), aia, 256 lof
wood (;C. D.).
3. A lineal measure.
Not. Acre is 28 yards running measure (W.W.S."!. ; Not.' The
word * acre ' is occasionally usetl by elderly men here instead of
' chain' — 22 yards— for the measurement of hedging and ditching,
but it is not in common use, nor is it known as a lineal measure
by the majority of country people in this district. n.Lin.' Acre, a
measure of length. An acre-length. 40 poles or a furlong. An
acre-breadth. 4 poles or 22 yards. Midi. Acre, a species of long
measure, consisting of 32 yards; four roods. Marshall Rur.
Ecoii 1 1790) II. Lei. Acre is 24 yds. running measure (W.W.S.) ;
Lei.' In addition to ils ordinary meaning, [acre] is used as a
measure of length in two distinct senses. In one it is equal to
220 yards : in the other it is equal to four rods of 8 yards, or 3a
yards. In measurements of hedging, ditching, and draining it is
. . . used in the latter sense.
4. In Ins acres.
Cor.' In his acres, in his glory.
5. Coinp. Acre-breadth, sec 3 ; Acker-dale, applied to
land apportioned in acre strips ; Acre-length, see 3 ;
-mould, finely tilled earth, see 1 ; -painting, easy paint-
ing of which a great quantity can be quickly done;
-stones, field stones, see 1 ; -tax, see below.
Sc. Wad Phillis loo me. Phillis soud possess Sax acre-braid o'
richest pasture grass. /V</r»i Poems (1788) 104 (Jam.); Gillmer-
toune . . . being all of it acker-dale land, Somervills Mem. (1815)
ACRE
[14]
ACT
I, i68 fjAM.). N.Cy.' Acker-dale lands, common fields in which
different proprietors liold portions of greater or less extent.
Nhb.' Acre-dale or acre-deal lands, land apportioned in acre strips.
n.Lin.' Acre-length. w.Yks.' A nice birk-at grew atop o' th'
Ealand, on some acker moud ; w.Yks. Ah'm dewin' a bit o' acre-
paintin' (,iE.B."). nw.Dev.' Acre-stones, loose stones, such as are
picked up in fields. n.Lin.' Acre-tax, a draining tax on the An-
cholme Level [for maintaining sea-banks].
Hence Ackery, adj. abounding in finely tilled earth.
■w.Yks.' Ackery, abounding with fine mould.
[OE. cfcer, field -K/(t7, a portion, share.]
ACRE, V. So. To make payment at a fixed rate per
acre the basis of any transaction, esp. to pay labourers
at this rate to gather the harvest in. Of a labourer: to
work under these conditions.
Sc. Acre, Ackre, Aikur. to buy, sell, let. deal, or work ... at a
fixed rate per acre (Jam. Suppl.X Bnfif.' Ma ain servan's are nae
t'wirk at the hairst wark this hairst : a'm gain' t'ackre 'ta'. A'm
nae gain t'fee this hairst: a'm t'ackre.
Hence Acrer, one who acres ; Acreing, the act of
harvesting grain-crops at a stated sum per acre.
Bnff.' Ackrer, one who undertakes to harvest crops at a fixed
sum per acre. Sc. Acrein', Ackrin' (Jaivi. 5k/>/>/.). Bn£f.' Ackran.
ACRE, see Icker.
ACRE-A-BUNG, sh. S. or Ork.
S. or Ork. Acre-a-bung, fog grass, holciis mollis (Coll. L. L. B.).
ACRER, sb. s.Sc. A very small proprietor (Jam.).
s.Sc. The provincial name of acrerers, portioners, and feuars,
Agr. Skit. R.rb. 15 (Jam.").
ACRIMONY, sb. Lei. War. [akrimoni.] The deli-
quescence of putrefying animal matter.
Lei.' The acrimony run out o' the jintes o' the coffin all down me.
War.3
[The effect of the acrimony of the putrid blood, Aber-
NETHV (N.E.D.).]
ACROOKED, adj. Yks. Lan. Also written acreeak't
n.Yks. ; acreak'd ne.Lan.' [skriukt, akrukt.j Crooked,
twisted, awry, askew.
n.Yks.2 A-crewk"d. e.Yks.' Acrevvkt, askew. w.Yks. Thi billy-
cock's akrewkt ! (^.B."); w.Yks.' Acrook'd, awry. neian.'
[A- {pref}°) -f crooked^
ACROSPIRE, sb} w.Yks. Also written accaspire. A
kind of stone.
w.Yks. Accaspire, a sort of hard stone containing particles of
flint, Hlfx. Wds. ; Accaspire, Acrospire, Acklespire, Ochrcspire,
used in Halifax district, to denote hard nodules of unworkable
stone, occasionally met with in the rock of the lower coal-measures
from which the Yorkshire stone is quarried. Called Iron-stone
round Bradford < W.H.V.).
[Etym. unknown.]
ACROSPIRE, sb?- Sc. n.Cy. Lan. Stf. Der. Lin. Nhp.
e.An. Also in the form ackerspritN.Cy.'Der.'Lan.'; acre-
spire n.Lin.' Nhp.' Nrf.'Suf.' [a'kr3spaie(r),a'k3spai3(r).]
1. The sprouting of corn ; esp. of barley in the process of
malting.
Sc. When [barley] shoots at the higher extremity of the grain
... it is the acherspyre that forms the stalk (Jam.). N.Cy.' Der.'
Corn shooting at both ends ; Der.'' nXin.' The sprout of corn
before the ears come forth. Nlip.' We restrict the use of this
word to the germ of barley in the process of malting — the chitting
or sprouting at that end of the grain from which the stalk rises.
e.An.' Acre-spire, or Acre-spit, the sprouting or 'chicking' of barley
in malting. Nrf.' The sprouting of barley. Suf.' The sprouting or
chicking of barley in the process of germinating into malt.
2. Of potatoes or turnips : premature sprouting.
n.Cy. Ackersprit.a potato with roots at both ends, Grose (1790');
N.Cy.' The premature sprouting of a potato. Lan.' A potato,
turnip, or other root, with roots at both ends. Stf.' Akerspirl [s(V],
the shoot of a potato. e.An.' Acre-spire, or Acre-spit, the sprout-
ing or 'chicking' of . . . stored potatoes.
[1. Acherspyre, in making of Malt . . . Dicitur de hordeo,
ubi in praeparalione \!>vvt]i sen Biasii iiinitiaii, Sr' ab ulraqne
exirmiitate, geniiinai, Skinner (167 i) L 111 2. Cp. John-
son : Acrospire, a shoot or sprout from the end of seeds
before they are put in the groimd (' Many corns will smilt
or have their pulp turned into a substance like thick cream,
and . . . send forth their substance in an acrospire,' Mortimer
Hiisbanaty). Etym. doubtful. Prob. spire repr. OE. spjr,
a spike, blade.
ACROSPIRE, V. Sc. n.Cy. Chs. Wor. Shr. Suf. Also
written ackerspier N.Cy.''; ackerspyre Chs.'; ackerspire
w.Wor.'
1. Of barley in the process of malting : to send out the
first leaf-shoot.
Sc. Barley is said to acherepyre when it shoots at the higher
extremity of the grain, from which the stalk springs up (see Come).
In the operation of malting, ... it shoots first at the lower end, a
considerable time before it achetspyres (Jam. V N.Cy.' For want
of turning, when the malt is spread on the floor, it comes and
sprouts at both ends, which is called to acrospyre, Mortimer
Husbandly; N.Cy.'^ Used when the blade in mault growes out at the
opposite end to the roote. Nlib.' Cum.' When the malting pro-
cess is too long continued and both root and sprout are visible, the
barley is yakkerspired and injured for malting. Chs.'^s
2. Of potatoes : to sprout or put forth fresh tubers pre-
maturely.
w.Wor.' Shr.' I doubt the tittoes'll ackerspire wuth this wet.
Hence Ackerspired, Ackersprit, />/>/. adj. having sprouts
or acrospires.
Chs.' Potatoes are said to be ackersprit when the axillary buds
on the stem grow into small green tubers, as is often the case in
wet seasons ; Chs.'^ ; Chs.^ The potatoes were very generally
ackersprit. s.Clis.' Shr.' Potatoes are ackerspired, when after
a dry season heavy rain sets in, and the super-abundant moisture
causes them to put forth new tubers, instead of increasing them in
size, thus spoiling the growth. Suf.' Acre-sprit.
ACROSS, prep, and adv. Yks. Lin. Brks. Dev. Also
written acrass Brks.' [akro's.]
1. prep. Of time : about.
e.Yks.' He awlas cums across tea time.
2. adv. On bad terms, unfriendly, at variance.
e.Yks.' Jim an rae's rayther across just noo, MS. add. (T. H.)
sw.Lin.' They'd gotten a little bit across. Brks.' Gaarge an' his
brother hev a-bin a bit acraas laaytely.
3. Hence, to fall, get across, to disagree, quarrel.
Dev. ' Why. pity on us ! ' said a little cattle-jobber with a squint,
' when folks who look straight before them fall across, how am
I to keep straight with my eyes askew ? ' Baring-Gould Spider
(1887) vii : The two who have got across, ib.
ACROUPED, ppl. adj. Dor. [akriipt] Crouched.
Dor. [The pheasants] are acroupied down nearly at the end of
the bough, Hardy IVoodlaiiders (1887) I. ix.
[OFr. s'accroiipir, to crouch : Lcs ponies s' accroupissent
pour doniiir.]
ACT, sb. w.Yks. A practical joke ; cf. act, v. 2.
w.Yks. Thowt he'd bed a act, Dewsbie Olin (1865") 4.
ACT, V. Irel. Yks. Stf. Der. Not. 'Wor. Oxf. Brks. Cmb.
Suf Ess. Ken. I.W. Som. Cor. [akt, aekt.]
1. To do, perform (usually the action is of a reprehensible
nature).
s.Stf. Wot bin yer actin' at wi my teuls ! (T.P.) s.Wor.
(F.W.M.W.) w.Som.' Haut bee aa-kteen oa? [What are you
doing?]
2. Hence, to act mischievously ; to tease, play tricks ; to
act OH (? of) //, to do wrong.
s.Not. Act, to behave skittishly. A driver will say to a skittish
horse, 'Now then, what are yer acting at?' (J.P.K.) Brks.'
2o you bwoys hev a-bin actin on't agin, hev 'e ? Suf. Don't act
[of a person, or animal, such as a horse, creating a disturbance
or acting in an unusual manner] (C.T.); Leave off acting with me
(,F.H.). I.W.2 Act, to play tricks.
3. To set about any work.
nw.Der.' Act, to ' shape' or ' frame,' either (i) at a particular job
of work ; or (,2) at the duties of a new situation or calling. How
docs he act? — O, very weel. Ess. Gl. (1851).
4. To behave in an affected or artificial manner ; to
' show off.'
Hrf.2 Acting (of children), showing off. Oxf.' Thar Mary do
act, sence 'er 'a lived at Oxford. LW.* Dedn't he jest about act.
5. To pretend, simulate ; to act lame, to sham lameness ;
in this sense in gen. use.
Brks.' w.Som.' Ee aa-k bae'ud un zoa dhai lat un goo [he pre-
tended to be ill, and so they let him go]. [Of an old dog which
was going along limping] He idn on'y acting lame; he always
do, lion he reckonth he've ado'd enough.
ACTIONABLE
[15]
ADDER
6. To act Dan' I, to keep one's own counsel, to ' lie low ';
to act about, to act oneself, to piny tlie fool.
s.Stf. He could liardly help lolliii' out, but he kep on actin Dan'l
all thru, PiNNOCK Bli Cv. Aim. (18951. Ken.' He got actingabout,
and fell down and broke his leg. w.Cor. He was tipsy and acting
himself fine iM.A.C).
Hence Acting, vbl. sb. ; gossoons' acting, children's play,
or 'make-believe.' Action, sb. unruly or 'skittish' be-
haviour, pretence, conceits, see 2, 4.
w.Yks. Drop your acting, and come here (F.M.L.). s.Not.
A mother will s.\v to a wilful child ' .Slop that acting, .Tnd be off
to bed with yer like a good gell ' J.P.K.V Cmb. None of your
acting [rough behaviour] (J.D.K.V Oxf.' Na then! lens 'a no
actin'. Ir. It's only gossoons' actin'. Suf. None of your actions
(C.T.^. Cor. He's like a merry antic full of his actions l,M.A.C.).
ACTIONABLE, ailj. Cum. [akjanabl.] Of a horse :
having good action, agile.
Cum. A nice actionable pony (M.P.).
ACTION SERMON, sb. Sc. The designation com-
monly given in Sc. to the sermon which precedes the
celebration of the ordinance of the Supper (Jam.).
Sc. I returned home about seven, and adtiressed myself to write
my action sermon. Irving 1825) in Oliphant Z.//f, I. .\i. Per.
About the middle of the 'action' sermon, Ian Maclaren BiierBush
(1895) 57-
AD, see Od.
ADAM-AND-EVE, sb. [adsm-aniv.T
1. A name applied to several plants: (i) Aconitiim uapel-
liis (Nrf.) ; (2) Anim maculatuin. Cuckoo-pint (Yks. Lin.
Lei. Soni.); (3) Orchis mascitla iSom. Dev. Cor.}; (4) Ptil-
monaria officinalis (Cum. Wm. limp.).
(i Nrf. Adam and Eve, Acotiititui ttaf>flhi$. On lifting the hood of
the flower, the upper petals appear as two little figures. : 21 n.Yks.
Adam-and-Eve. The dark spadices represent Adam, and the light
ones Eve. n.Lin.' Lei.* Adam and Eve, lords and ladies, the
flower of the Anint ttiaculatiiiii. w.Som.' (3) lb. Adam and Eve,
the plant wild orchis— O. masrula. Dev. Adam and Eve, the male
and female-handed orchis, if I conceive rightlj'. Monthly Mag.
(1808) II. 421. Cor. The dark flower-spikes represent Adam, and
the pale ones Eve. w.Cor. iM.A.C.) (4) Cum. Adam-and-Eve,
Pulittottaria officinalis: from the tvvo-colouretl flowers. Wm.' The
flowers are red and blue, and the country folk call the red Adam
and the blue Eve. Hmp. Lungwort, called Adam-and-Eve by gipsies
and others about the New Forest, no doubt from the two colours
in its flowers (G. E. D.').
2. The tubers of Orchis ntactilala (Yks. Lan. LMa. Nhp.) ;
the tubers of Orchis masciila (?) (Nhb.).
w.Yks.' Adam and Eve, the bulbs of Oirhis tnaciilafn, which have
a fancied resemblance to the human figure. One uf these floats in
the water, which nourishes the stem, the other sinks and bears the
bud for the ne.xt year. ne.Lan.' I. Ma. The tubers of O. tiiaatlatn
(spotted orchis). Nhp.' The two bulbs of the O. uiaculatn. one of
which nourishes the existing plant, the other the succeeding one.
Nhb.' Adam and Eve, the tubers of O. lalifolia; the tuber which sinks
being Adam and that which swims being Eve. Cain and Abel is
another name for these tubers, Cain being the heavy one. Johnston
Bot. e. Boyd. (1853) 193. (Prob. meant for O. inascnla. B. & H.)
3. A particular pair of legs in a shrimp (Lin. Wor. Ess.).
n.Lin.' Adam and Eve, a particular pair of legs in a shrimp, so
called from a fancied resemblance to two human figures standing
opposite to one another. Wor. (J. W. P.) Ess. Tlicre's an Adam
and Eve in every brown shrimp, BARiNt;-GouLD iT/f/;rt/r/// 1^885)296.
ADAM'S ALE, sb. Dial, slang in gen. use. [a-damz-el,
-eal.] Water.
Var. dial. Holloway.
[A Rechabite poor Will must live, And drink of Adam's
ale, Pruik Wandering Pilgrim (IIav.).J
ADAMS FLANNEL, s6. [adamz-flanil.] A plant-
name applied to (1) Difisacus sylncstris (Lei.); (2) I'cr-
basciim thapsus (Yks. Chs. Lin. Nhp. War.).
Lei. Adams flannel, teasel. (2) w.Yks.' Adam's flannel, white
mullein, Verhascuin thapstts. It may have obtained this name from
the soft white hairs with which the leaves are thickly clothed on
both sides. Clis.' ^, n.Lin.' Nhp.' Adam's flannel, great mullein.
•War. (J. R.W.I
ADAM'S NEEDLE, sb. Nhb. [adamz-nldl.] A plant-
name ; Scandi.x peclen veneris, so called from the long
needle-like fruits.
Nhb.' Edom's needle, Adam's needle, or Shepherd's needle, the
Siandi.v pectcn venciis. Called also Witch's needle, and Dcil's
darnin needle.
ADAM'S WINE, 56. Dial, slang in ,ij-^«. use. [adamz-
wain.] Water. A cant phrase for water as abeveragel Jam.).
n.Lin.' w.Som.' Adam's wine, water, never called Adam's ale.
ADAPTED, ppl. adj. Hmp. [adaeptad.] Accustomed
to, experienced.
Hmp.' A man adapted to pigs, i.e. experienced in the breeding
and care of swine.
ADASHED, ppl. adj. Yks. [ada-Jt.] Put to shame.
m.Yks.' I felt fair [quite] adashcd.
[Adashcd, ashamed, Coles (1677).]
ADAWDS, (i(/f. Obs. Yks. Also written adauds. In
pieces.
Yks. ' To rive all adauds,' to tear all in pieces (K.). n.Yks. Isc
seaur weese rive up all adawds, Meriton Praise Ale (.^i6ld^) I. 104.
[A-, on +daii'd, q.v.]
A-DAYS, adv. Obs. e.An. and var. dial. At present,
nowadays.
e.An ' Flour sells cheap a-days. I seldom see Mr. Smith a-d.iys ;
e.An.2 I never heard this won! used, as given by Forby, in either
Norfolk or Suffolk. Var. dial. A-days, now, abbreviation of now-
a-days, Hollowav.
[In TooNE (1834) s.v. A, the word adays is cited among
other words containing the pref. a-, in which it is stiU
retained by the vulgar.]
ADBUT, see Headbut.
ADDER, sb. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin. Shr.
Wil. Cor. Also written ather, edder, ether; see below.
[a-da(r), also e-da(r), etSa(r).]
1. In dial., besides the usual meaning of adder, the use of
the word is extended to any kind of snake.
Shr.'^ Edder, ether, of general application for any kind of snake.
Conip. Adder-bead, the stone supposed to be formed by
adders (Jam.) ; -broth, brotli made from the flesh of an
adder; -pike, the fish Tracliinus vipera (CD.); -stone, a
perforated stone (see below) ; -stung, bitten by an adder ;
-thing, a serpent.
Dmf. [Adders are said to] assemble to the amount of some hun-
dreds in a certain time of summer, to cast off their sloughs and
renew their age. They cntwist and writhe themselves among
each other until they throw off their last year's sloughs, half
melted by their exertions. These arc collected and plastered over
with frothy saliva, and again wrought to and fro till they are con-
densed and shaped into an adder bead. Rent. Nithsdale Sng. iir
(Jam.). n.Lin.' Helherd-broth, a broth made of the flesh of an
adder boiled with a chicken. A specific for consumption. It was
till about fifty years ago the custom for certain wanderers to come
yearly during the hot weather of summer from the West Country
(q.v.) to search on the sand-hills for hetherds which they said they
sold to the doctors for the purpose of making hetherd-broth. Sc.
Adder-stane, the same as adder-bead (Jam.). The glass amulets or
ornaments are, in the Lowlands of Scotland, called adder-stanes,
ToLAND Hist. 0/ Druids (ed. 1814) Lett. I. § i6 Jam.). Rnf. [A
family was] in possession of a so-called adder-stone and four
Druidical beads, some of which, or all conjunctively, had been
efficacious in curing various complaints, but more particularly those
in cattle. . . .[The adder-stone] is not unlike, in form and size, to
the whorls which, in conjunction with the distaff, were, only a
century or two ago. in general use in spinning yarns, A^. &Q. (187a)
4th S. ix. 155. N.Cy.' Adder-stone, also called self-bored stone;
a perforated stone — the perforation imagined by the vulgar to be
made by the sting of an adder. Nhb. A charm'd sword he wears,
Of adderstone the hilt. Richardson Borderer's Tabk-bk. (1846)
VII. 164 ; Nhb.' Adder-stjen, a stone with a hole through it [hung
behind doors and in fishing boats as a charm]. And vain Lord
Soulis's sword was seen. Though the hilt was adderstone. The
Colli of Kecldar. n.Yks.^ Addcrstceans, the perforated fragments
of grey alum shale, the round holes [of which] tradition assigns to
the sting of the adder. As lucky stones they are hung to the
street door-key, for prosperity to the house and its inmates, just
as the horse-shoe is nailed at the entrance for the same purpose.
Suspended in the stables, as are also the holed Hints that are met
with, they prevent the witches riding the horses, and protect the
animals from illness. n.Lin.' Hetherd-stone, that is, an adder-
stone, an ancient spindle whorl. It is still believed that these
objects are produced by adders, and that if one of them be sus-
pended around the neck it will cure whooping-cough, ague, and
ADDER-AND-SNAKE PLANT
[i6]
ADDLE
adder bites. Iletlierd-stung, bitten by an adder. When a swelling
suddenly arises upon any animal without the cause being known
it is said to be hethcrd-stung. Hedgehogs and shrews are also
said to bite animals and produce all the symptoms of the ' sting '
of the hetlierd. Dur. She let some kind ov an etherthing venom
'er, Egglestone Bclty Podkius' Let. iiSTjj 8.
[Adder-stung, said of cattle when stung with venomous
reptiles, as adders, scorpions, or bit by a hedge-hog or
shrew, Bailey (1721).]
2. A slow-worm.
Wil. It is curious that in places where blindworms are often seen
their innocuous nature should not be generally known. I'hey are
even called adders sometimes, Jefferies Hdgrow. (1889) 201.
3. A newt.
Cor.' The newt is so called in the neighbourhood of St. Mellion
[e.Cor.] ; Cor.2 MS. add.
4. A dragon-fly, or large fly ; also called flying adder, &c.
N.Cy.l Tanging-naddcr. Nllb.' The dragon-fly is called Bull
ether, or Fleein ether, flying adder. m.Yks.' Ether, a large light
kind of fly. e Lan.' Edtliei, the dragon-fly.
Coiiip. Ather-bill, Adder-bolt, -cap, the dragon-fly ;
-feeder, the gad-fly ; -fly (CD.), -spear, the dragon-fly ;
Ether's mon, -nild, a large, long-bodied dragon-fly.
CM. Ather-bill (Jam.). Lan. A chapter on the natural history
uv cockroaches, edderbowts, un crickets, Si aton B. Sli utile Bowton^
64; Lan. ^ It'll sting like an edder-bout. Chs.' Edther Bowt, the
dragon-fly. Fif. Ather-, or natter-cap, the name given to the dragon-
fly (Ja]\i.). Chs.' Edder feeder, a common name for the gad-fly.
[The ploughboy next knocked down what he called a ' gurt adder-
spear,' that is, a dragon-fly, Standard (Aug. 23, 1887) 3.] Shr.' It
is believed that this dragon-fly \_Corditlegastcr amiulatus] indicates
by its presence the vicinity of the adder, whence its local names
— Ether's-mon and Ether's-nild [needle].
ADDER-AND-SNAKE PLANT, sb. n.Dev. Silme ht-
flata (Bladder Campion).
ADDERCOP, see Attercop.
ADDER'S FERN, sb. Hmp. Polypodium viifgare.
Hmp. It will be observed that most of the plants connected with
the adder appear in spring, when snakes are most generally seen ;
Hmp.' Adder's-fern, the common polypody ; so called from its rows
of briglit spores.
ADDER'S FLOWER, s5. The name given to (i)Z,>'c/i«/s
diiinia (Hrt.) ; (2) Orchis tnascitla (Hmp.).
(2) Hmp. O. mascula, early purple orchis, probably from the
spotted leaves (G. E. D. ).
ADDER'S GRASS, sb. The name given to (i) Orc/iis
vinciila/a (Nhb.) ; (2) Oic/iis iiiasciiia (Nhb. Chs.).
Nhb.' Adder-grass, the spotted orchis, O. ttiaculata ; called also
Hens, Hen's-kames, and Deed-man's Hand. (2] Chs.' The orchis
which Gerard distinguishes as adder's grass is O. luasiiihi; Chs.^
ADDER'S MEAT, sb. A name given to several plants,
most of which are poisonous: (1) Aniin iiiacnlatiiin (Dev.
Cor.); (2) Merciirialis pereiniis (Wri.); (3) Stellaria holostea
(Cor.) ; (4) Tamils coiiiinimis (Som. Dev.) ; (5) a kind of
lern (Som.).
(i Dev.* Adder's meat, yfn(;;;»;rtf »/«/»»?, applied, not to the spathe
in its early stages, but when the bright red colour of the berries
shows itself. The same name is applied to other red berries . . .
regarded, whether correctly or otherwise, as being poisonous ; as
for example the fruit of Taunts com nntiits. (5 1 Som. Fern, commonly
known as Adder's meat, and accordingly feared and avoided by
country children. Pulman Sketches (1842).
ADDER'S POISON, sb. Dev. Tamils communis.
n.Dev. Adder's poison, Black Briony. Dev.*
ADDER'S SPEAR, A'A. Sur. Sus. OphiosrlossumTmlgaliiin.
Sur. & Sus. Adder's-spear ointment is made from it in parts of
Sur. and Sus.
ADDER'S SPIT or ADDER-SPIT, sb. The name given
to ( I ) IViri.s cujiiiliiia (Sus.) ; (2) Stellaria holosica (Cor.).
ADDER'S TONGUE, si. Also written edder- Cum. The
name given to several plants : (i) Arum maadatuni (Som.
Cor) ; (2) Geranium Rubertianimi (Ess.) ; (3) Listera ovata
(Wil.) ; (4) Opitioglossimi vulgalum (Cum. Dev.) ; (5) Orchis
mascula (Chs.); (6) Pleris ai/iii/iiia (Brks.) ; (7) Sagittaria
sagiWJolia (Dev.) ; (8) Scolopendriiim vul^are (Dor. Dev.).
w.Som.' Adder's tongue, wild Mwm.A. inaciilalum. (,3 iWil. The
Tway-blade is at Farley Adder's tongue. Samm Dioc. Gas. (Jan.
iBgiJ 14, col. a; Wil.'Adder's-tonguc, Liiton oj/a/a, Twaybladc.
(41 Cum. Edder's-tongue, Opliioglossitni vtdgatuin. Dev.* (5")Chs.'
(6) Brks.' The leaf of the common bracken. (^7) Dev.* The old
people say that a cupful of tea every day made of nine leaves of
this plant [^Sagiitayia sagittifolia~\ ... is a good strengthening
medicine. (8) Dor. Adder's tongue, Scolopciidriuin vulgare, Hart's-
tongue (.G.E.D. ). Dev.*
ADDERWORT, sA. 'Wil. [je'dawst.]
Wil.' Addcrwort, Pot\goiiiitii bislorta, bistort
ADDICK, sb. Som". Dev. [se'dik.] Adder.
w.Sora.' Whether this means adder or haddock, or what besides,
I do not know, but it is the deafest creature known. ' Su dee'f-s
u ad-ik'is the commonest superlative of deaf. n.Dev. Thart so
decve as a haddick in chongy weather, E.iiii. Scold. (,1746) 1. 123.
nw.Dev.' Deeve's a addick.
ADDhE, sb.^ and adj. Sc. and widely diffused throughout
the Eng. dial. See below, [a'dl, Nhb. ; also ya'dl, e'dl.]
1. sb. Putrid or stagnant water ; usually in comp. Addle-
dub, -gutter, -pool, see below.
Sc. AdiU, Addle, foul and putrid water (Jam.) ; Aidle, ditch-
water, Mackay. Ayr. Then lug out your ladle, Deal brimstone
like adle, And roar every note of the damn'd. Burns Kirk's Alarm
1 1 787V Nhb.' Eddie, putrid water [applied specially to the liquid
manure drained from a dunghill (^R.O.H.)]. Sc. Addle-dub, a
hole full of foul putrid liquid. He kens the loan frae the crown
o' the causey as weel as the duck does the midden hole frae
the addle-dub, Hendekson Prov. (1832) 76. ed. 1881. Dev.' The
ale was worse, ... a had as leve drink the addle-gutter, ii. 13.
nw.Dev.' Addle-gutter, a stagnant or putrid gutter or pool ; [as in]
Addle-gutter mud. s.Pem. Addlcy pulke, a stagnant pool, Laws
Little Eng. (1888) 419. s.Cy. Addle-pool, a pool or puddle near a
dunghill, for receiving the fluid from it (Hall.). Cor. They carr'ed
Nick hum . . . and thrawed un in the addle pool, Tregellas Talcs
(1868188; Cor.'2 Addle-pool, a cesspool.
2. Cf. addle, k.' B.
Rnf. The urine of black cattle (Jam.).
3. An abscess containing pus, aswelling,tumour; a blister.
Som. Addle, a swelling with matter in it, Jennings Obs. Dial.
w.Eng. (1825); It all come up in addles [blisters] (G S !. w Som.^
Ee-v u-gaut u guurt ad '1 pun uz nak, sa beg-z u ain ag [he has a great
tumour on his neck as large as a hen's egi^\
4. adj. Rotten, putrid, esp. applied to a decayed or
barren egg ; cf. 1.
Cld. Addle, foul, applied to liquid substances (Jam.). Lan.Addle,
rotten, Davies Races 1^1856) 226. Shr.' I've 'ad despert poor luck
6uth my 'en's this time. I set three 66tli duck eggs an' two Cidth
thar own ; an' three parts on 'em wun aidle. Hrf.^ I be most
afeared as the eggs be all adle. Ken.^ Sus.' Eddel, rotten.
5. Fig. Weak in intellect, confused : esp. in comp. Addle-
cap, -head, -headed, -pate, -pated.
Ken.' My head's that adle, that 1 can't tend to notliin*. e.Sus.
Adle. weak or giddy in the head. I am very adle to-day. Hollo way.
Hmp.' Addle, stupid. Slang. Addle cove, a foolish man, an easy
dupe. Farmer. n.Lin.' Addle-cap, Addle-head, a weak, silly
person. He's such a waffy addle-head, he duzn't knaw blew fra
red. w.Som.' Addle-head. N.Cy.' Addle-headed. e.Yks.' Addle-
hccaded, of obtuse intellect. ne.Lan.' Chs.' He's a addle-3'edded
think. Der.2 War. (J.R.W.) Brks.' Sus.' He's an adle-headed
fellow. w.Som.', Dev.' Wm. My addle paate, Hutton S;«h AV»
H'aik{i-i&^ 1.88. n.Lin.' Addle-pate. Cor.3 Dev.' Addle-pated,
doltish, thickheaded.
[1. OE. adela, liquid filth, foul water; cf G. add, mire,
puddle. 2. Cf. OSw. adel in ko-adel, cow-urine. 5. Cf.
Hooker : Concerning his preaching their very by-word
was Aoyot e^nvfid'tifiefos, addle speech, empty talk, Ecci.
P'ol. III. loi ; Thy head hath bin beaten as addle as an
egge for quarreling, Shaks. R. &^J. (1592) iii. i. 25.]
ADDLE, adj. Hrf. e.An. Ken. Sur. Sus. [s'dl ]
1. Ailing, unwell.
e.An. Adle, unwell (Hall.). Ken.' Adle. Sus.' Adle, slightly
unwell. My little girl seemed rather adle this morning, so 1 kep'
her at home from school.
2. Tumble-down, loose, shaky.
Hrf. Adle, loose, shaky, applied to a paling (W.W.S.). e.An.
Adle, unsound (Hall.). Ken. The word is used to denote anj'thing
that is in a ricketty or shaky condition. Dat vvaggiii be turrbul adle
(P.M.). Sur,' Adle, weak, shaky, said of a fence the posts or
pales of which have become loose. You shan't have that idle thing
[i.e. an old gate] any longer (s.v. Idle).
[OE. adl, MLG. add, disease.]
ADDLE
[>7]
ADLAND
ADDLE, s6.2 Nhb.w.Yks. [a-dl, edl.] Earnings, wages,
usually with in; in f^ood addh\ receiving good wages.
Nhb.' Eildle, money oarticd. Savin's good cddle. w.Yl-s.' A
poor daital, wlitca's I' naa girt addly. ii. 340; He's i' good addle.
ADDLE, sh? Nhp. An adding or addition.
Nhp.' Iwo pence and three pence, is five pence: and two groats
and two ponce is ten pence. This specimen of village arithmetic
is called ' the old woman's addle.'
ADDLE,
In i^oi. use.
A. To make abortive, as eggs, by allowing to get cold
during incubation ; fig. to confuse, muddle.
Ir. Ihey had also lost a fat pig, and had a clutch of eggs addled
in an August thunderstorm. Barlow Idylls (1892) 45. Yks. It's
no use addling your brain with so much learning, it won't make
the pot boil iM.N.). ne Lan.' Addle, to coagulate. Not. Addle,
to make putrid (,T. H.B.). Ken. Dang'd ould hen as addled dem
heggs |,H.M,1. Scm.i Hens which sit badly are said to addle
their eggs. Nauyz unuuf vur t-ad-l uneebau'deez braa-nz [noise
enough to addle one's brains]. Dev. 'Twas the hard times addled
his brains, O'Neill Told in Dimpses (1893) 116.
[See Addle, sb} 4.]
E. Sc. To water plants.
Rnf. Toaddle.to water the roots of plants with the urine ofcattle
(Jam.X
[Sue Addle, sb} 2.]
ADDLE, c'.« In all the n, counties to Chs. Stf. Der.
Not. Lin,; also in Rut. Lei. Nhp. War. c.An. ; not in Sc,
Not in gloss, of s. Chs. and Siir. Also written adle N.Cv.-
Liu. Ski.nner; aadle Suf.' ; eddle N.Cy.' Nhb.' Cum''^
w.Yks. Willan: yeddle Chs.'*^; aidle N,Cy,> Nhb.'
Cum. Lin.' e,An,' ; aydle cCum. ; eddilNhb. ; adel Cum.
e. and w.Yks. [a'dl. Besides adl there occur e'dl in Nhb.
Cum, ; edl in Nhb, cCum. Lin. e.An. ; ye'dl in Chs.]
L To earn, acquire by one's labour.
N.Cy.' 2 Nhb.* tie addles three ha'pence a week. That's nobbut
a fardin' a day. Song, Ma Laddie. Dur.' Cum.^ I's g.in to eddle
me five shiliin' middlin' cannily, s.Wm. Ye dunnet addle as mickle
ta day, HunuN Dia. Slottli and ArnsiJe 11 7601 1. 29. Wm.' A'd
better git a nag wi panniers an addle mi brass thet wa-a. Yks,
They say he addled his brass i' jute, Kipling Soldit-rs Three (ed,
1895) 16. n.Yks.' Ah's nowght bud what Ah addles; n.Yks.' To
addle oneself heat [to grow warm with e.xercise], ne.Yks.' He
addles a good wage. e.Yks,' Ah haint addled saut isalt ) ti my taly
this mornin. w.Yks. When he'd addled his shun, Blackah Poems
(1867) 13 [said of a horse when he falls upon his back and rolls
from one side to the other. When a horse does this in Hmp. or
Sus, he is said to earn a gallon of oats, Hoi.loway] ; It isn't
what a chap addles, it's what a chap saves 'at makes him rich,
llARrLEY Budget 118681 43; w.Yks.' We mun teugh an addle
summat. Lan. Colliers addle'n their brass ; an* they'n a reet to
wear it as they'n a mind, Wal'gii Chinifiey Corner (1879) 56 ;
Give a mon a chance of addling a livin', Wkstall Old Factory
(18851 21 ; Lan,' m,Laii.' A mon's heead may be addled, an' his
wage may be addled. n.Lan.' Ciis. [Aw con] yeddle my sax-
pence ivery day, Clough B. Bresski/tle [iB'jg) 16; Chs.'2 stf.',
Der.' s.Not. I've nothing whativer coming to me but what I addle
(J.P.K.). Not.'2 Them line-men addle a sight; Not.^ Lin.
Skinner (1671); Mun be a guvness, lad, or sunimut, and addle
her brCad, Tennyson A', farmer. New Style ( 1870 < st. 7 ; An addlin'
tir rent. Peacock Tales and Rhytnes (1886) 135; Lin.', n.Lin.'
sw.Lin.' I'm a disablebodicd man, and can't addle owt. Rut.'
Lei. Shi kalnt add moar* nur te-oo ur thrai shil'lin (^C.E.); Lei.'
Oi ha' addled my weej. Nhp.'^^ War.^, e.An.'
2. To gain, procure; to bring in by labour.
Yks. My kyes' milk addles most of my brass, Fetherston
farmer, 71. Lin. Grows i' the wood, an' yowls i' the town, An'
addles its master many a crown. — Answer, a fiddle (of which the
strings are catgut . A', & Q. (1865) 3rd S. viii. 503. Let' A doon't
addle his maister his weej.
3. To save, lay by a portion of one's earnings.
Yks. My father had addled a vast in trade. And 1 were his son
and heir, lNGLEDEw/ja//<it/i- (18601 259. ne,Yks.' He's addled a
deal o' brass. w.Yks, Wi' a bit o' trouble ah addled thegither five
pun' (W,B.T,'), n.Lln, Addle, to lay by money, Sutton IVds.
(1881). e.An.' At last I have addled up a little money; e.An.'
4. Of crops, trees, &c. ; to grow, thrive, flourish.
n.Cy. Addle, to grow or increase in size, Toone. Lan.' Addle,
formerly used in the sense of to grow, to increase. Chs,' ^ ^
e.An.' That crop addles. Nrf.' Suf.' Fruit, corn, &c. promising
VOL. I.
to ripen well, are said to aadic: Ta don't fare to aadle. Ess. Where
luie imbraceth the tree verie sore, kill luie, or else tree wil addle
no more, Tl'sser //iitbandne 115801 1 11. St. 6.
Mcnce Addled, />/>. earned ; Addling, vM. sh. Cf 4.
n,Yks.2 A ready addled penny [money easily earned]. w.Yks.*
It's weel addled. Ess. Ivy will, by the closeness of its embraces,
prevent trees from addling, that is. growing or increasing in
size. Mavor, note to Tusser Husba)ulne icd. 1812"'.
[To adle [earn], saiiiriiiin vrl pmeiiiimit nierrri, Coles
(1679); To addil, demetere. Levins Muitip. (1570); To
adylle, commereri, adipisci, Cnlli. Aiigl. (1483); Hu mann
mihhte cwcmenn Godd & addlenn-hc-llness blisse, Orniti-
liim (c. 1205) 17811 ; patt mihhte gilltenn anij gillt & add-
lenn helle pine, ib. 17544. Cp. ON. fila, refl. ^llask, to
acquire (for oneself) property, cogn. with oJal, property ]
ADDLED, ppl. adj. In gcit. use throughout the dial.
Also written aiddled Shr,' Glo.' See below, [adld,
edld.] Rotten, putrid ; muddled, confused. See Addle,
a7a' and adj.^ 4, 5.
N.Cy.' Addled-eggs, addled, decayed, impaired, rotten. ne.Lan.'
An addled egg. m.Lan.' One's varra likely to ged wrang wi' this
word iv they're nod keerful. because a mon's heead may be addled,
an' his wage may be addled. Th' lost o' these fits th' p.ij-son an'
th' last doesn'd — mony a time. Not.' You cannot blow addled
eggs [i. e. partially hatched]. Nhp.' 'War. (J.R.W.) s.Wor.'
Shr.' Aidled. Shr. & Hrf. Addled means corrupted, as 'an addled
egg,' one in a state of putrefaction, or one left or forsaken bj' the hen
aftcrsitting. Bound A'/oi'. (1876), Hrf.' Adlcd. Glo.' w.Som.'
A(Idled eggs are those which have been sat upon without producing
chickens. Colloq. We have learned to bottle our parents twain in
the yelk of an addled egg, Kipling Brk. Ballads 1,1892; Conundrum
of Workshops.
ADDLING, si. Rarely 5;«^. See Addle, f.' See below.
[a'dlin,] Wages, earnings ; savings,
N.Cy.' Addlings. aidlings, wages received for work. Nhb.' He's
had good addlins this quarter. Dur.' Cum.' Aydlins, r, adiins, sic.
Wm. Addlings hcsbecn farbetter, Gibson /.n?'. (jHrfA'o'fS ! 1877 67;
Wm.' The usual form is addlins. Yks, Mah waygcs is altegithcr
oot of all measure wi' me addlings, Wray Neslleton ^ 18761 41;
Short harvests make short addlings, Swainson Weather /•'Ik-Lort
(1873 18, n, Yks,' Poor addlings. Hard addlings. Saving's good
adilling. ne,Yks.* Hard addlins an' nut mich when deean. e.Yks.'
w.Yks.s Whoas a better house an' I hev ? an' avgetten it together,
stick be stick, an' ivvry bit on't, wi my awan addlings. Lan.
Eaul of his own adiilins. Clegg /)rti'/(/'s' Z,ooi*i 1894 v. ne.Lan.',
Chs.'23. Stf,' Der,' Addlings, savings. nw.Der.' Ad<]lings. savings.
Not.', n.Lin.' sw.Lin,' I doubt he wears all his addlings in drink.
Lei.', Nhp.', War.3
ADE, sb. Shr. [ed.] A reach in the Severn.
Shr.' 1 his term is .'pplied by navigators of the Severn to reaches
where there are eddies in the river, as Sweney [sic] Ade, Preen's
Ade, &c. ; Shr'. Boden's Ade, Preen's Ade, Swinny Ade. near
Cualport, This signification is confined to bargemen, owners, and
bowhalers.
ADE, V. Shr. [ed.]
Shr, A word peculiar to Shropshircmeaningto cut a deep glitter or
ditch across ploughed land. Bound f>oi;. (,1875;; Shr.' Ading down
in the follow.
[See Aid.]
ADEARY ME! int. In var. dial., and colloq. use.
[e- diari ml.] See Deary. Exclamation of sadness or
surprise.
w.Yks. Noabody pities them 'at laups aat o' th' fryin' pan into th'
fire, an' it's a easy matter to miss it. — Aa, dear o' me! aw think it
is! Hartley Dilt. ist S. (1868) 115. Lin. A deary-mc, Mrs. Cox,
who'd ha' thowt of seeing thee, N. &■ Q. ii865j 3rd S. vii. 31.
ADEEl /•«/. Wxf. [adl-.] Ha!
Wxf.'
ADER, sec Arder.
ADIDGE, see Arris.
ADISr, pup. Sc. Also written adiest Ayr; athist
Dmf [sdi'st, atSist] On this side.
Sc. I wish yow was neither adist her, nor ayont her [spoken of
a woman one dislikes], /Vov, iJam,') ; Hcgbeg [nettle] adist the
dyke. Chambers Pop. Rhymes 1870I 109.
\Adisl, athist, prob. equiv. to on this {side).^
ADLAND, see Headland.
ADMIRE
[i8]
ADVISED
ADMIRE, I'. In Irel. Wm. Yks. Chs. Lei. Nhp. War.
Oxf. Som. [3dmai'a(r), Lei. admoi"a{r).]
1. To wonder at, notice with astonishment.
(a) Used simply, or with dependent clause.
Wm. Yan wad admire how yau gits sec cauds [colds] (M P.).
e.Yks.i There is plenty of macreuse ill the marl<ets all Lent, that I
admire where they got so many. Dr. M. Lister of York (1698).
w.Yks. Admire, wonder, i///C%-. IVds. Som. This ... contented chap
had had a longish nap, Ta zlape away tha winter, I shoodent much
admire, 'Agrikler' Rliy»ics (i^tz) 31. [I admire it escaped Mr.
Fuller in his collection of 'Local Proverbs,' Morton Nat Hist, of
Nhp. (1712). Amer. To wonder at ; to be affected with slight sur-
prise, in New England, particularly in Maine, the word is used
in this sense, Bartlett.]
(b) With acc.
e.Yks. An when Ah gat there ; oh, this Ah did admeyr, Ti see
so monny lusty lads, asitting roond the fire, Nicholson Flk-Sp.
(1889) 49. Chs.^ Ah could na but admoire him, he looked so
fresh; — and he's turned seventy. War.(J.R.W.) Oxf. She told me
her husband was looking so ill I should quite admire him, N. &> Q.
(18681 4th S. ii. 605.
(c) With at.
Lim.'Tis to be admired at — such a long distance traversed between
Ireland and America so fast (G.M.H.).
2. To be pleased, to like very much.
Lei.i Ah should admoire to see 'er well took-to [I should be de-
lighted to see her well scolded]. Nhp.' The child admires to go
a-walking. I should admire to go to London to seetheQucen. War.^
[Amer. I should admire to see the President, Bartlett (^1848).]
[]. (a) Hear him but reason in divinity And all-admiring
with an inward wish You would desire the king were made
a prelate, Shaks. Hen. V, i. i. 39 ; Wonder not, nor admire
not in thj' mind, why I do call thee so, Tivclfth Nt. iii. iv. 165.
(b) How can we sufficiently admire the stupidity or mad-
ness of these persons? Sped. No. 575. (c) These lords At
this encounter do so much admire, Siiaks. Teinp.\.i. 154.]
Hence Admirable, surprising, wonderful.
Wm. It is admirable [remarkable, wonderful] ; used by old per-
sons M.P.). w.Yks. Admyrable war his gambols, CAUVERTS/narf-
b::n: Fnnr {i8-]j) 14; w.Yks.^
ADO, V. and sb. Sc. Chs. Nhp. War. [adii-.]
1. V. To do.
Sc. I'll ha'e naething ado wi't, Grose (1790I MS. add. (C) ;
I have nothing ado. Monthly Mag. (1798) II. 436 ; Had nae mair
ado, but to get awa, Scott Midlothian (1818) iii. w.Sc. There's
little ado in the market to-day (Jam. Siippl.).
2. sb. Bustle, confusion ; stir, excitement, ' fuss ' ; Sc,
in pL, difficulties.
Sc. 1 had my ain adoes [peculiar difficulties] (Jam.). Lth. I
had my ain adaes wi' him, for he was just a very passionate man,
Strathesk Bits Bli>iibomiy (i8gi) 135, Chs.' Oo made much adoo
abait it. Nhp.' Ado. a familiar expression of hearty welcome ; e.x-
cessive, officious kindness. They always make such ado with me,
whenever I go to sec them I can hardly getaway. War. I J.R.W. )
[1. Ado is for a/ do in the sense of ' to do ' ; see At. The
constr. is found in the Paslon Letters : I woll novvt have
ado therwith, Lett. 566. 2. Much Ado about Nothing,
Shaks.; We'll keep no great ado— a friend or two, R. S^J.
III. iv. 23. ME. Ado or grete bysynesse, sollicilitdo, Pioiiipt.]
ADONE, inl.plir. Sc. Lan. Stf. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Won
Shr. Glo. Brks. Hnt. Sur. Sus. Hitip. I.W. [edun, sdun.]
Cease, leave off.
Sc.Ane spak in wordis wonder crouse, A done with ane mis-
chance! Old Song {] AM.). ne.Lan.' Adone, cease, be quiet! s.Stf.
Adone, will yer, I want to be quiet, Pinnock Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895V
n.Lin.' Thoo awkerd bairn, a-dun wi' thee ! Lei.' A doon, will
ye. Nhp.', s.War. se.Wor.' Adone Oat! [Have done, will you !]
Shr.'A-done now w'cn I spake. Glo.' Brks.' A girl would say
' Adone then ! ' or ' Adone ! ' or ' Adone now ! ' on her sweetheart
attempting to snatch a kiss. Hnt. (T.P.F.) Sur.' Have a-donc
there. Sus.' Oh ! do adone. Hmp.', I.W.'
[Adone.' is for Have done.' The expression occurs freq.
in Siiaks. : An if thou couldst, thou couldst not make him
live, Therefore, have done, R. Sa^J. iii. v. 73; Therefore
ha' done with words, T. Shreiv, iii. ii. 118.]
ADONNET,5Z». Obs. Yks. A devil. (The correct form
is Donnet, q.v.) In Yks. one sometimes hears the saying,
' Better be in with that adonnet than out ' (IIall.).
Yks. I do not remember ever hearing the word Adonnet.
Donnet, however, is a very commonly used word (B. K. ).
ADOORS, adv. w.Yks. Lan. Lin. Nhp. War. [adoa'z.]
Without the door or house, outside ; esp. in out-adoors.
w.Yks.s It's warm out adoors to-daay. ne.Lan.' Out-adoors.
Lin. Truly my brother will be flung and thrust out adoores by head
and eares with this gift, Bernard Terence (1629') 120. n.Lin.'
You're alus clattin' in and oot a-doors. Nhp.' He's gone out
a-doors. War. (J.R.W.)
[But what, Sir, I beseech ye, was that paper Your Lord-
ship was so studiously employed in When ye came out a-
doors? B.& Y. Woman Pleased,\\.\\ Nowe shall the prynce
of this worlde be cast out a dores, Tindale yoAw xii. 31.]
ADOW, adv. Sc. (Jam.) [adau-.] Worth.
Rxb. Naething adow.
[A-, of + daw, q.v. Cp. tioc/it o' daw, of no value, or
nothing of worth (Jam., s.v. Dow).]
ADOWN, adv. Sc. Hnt. Cor. [adtt'ii, adeu'n.] Down.
Sc. His gorgeous collar hung adown. Wrought with the badge
of Scotland's crown, Scott Marinion (1808) v. st. 8 ; Adown we
sat,ALLANZ.i7/s(i874) 18. Hnt. (T.P.F.) Cor. Nor drive too fast
adown the hills, Tregellas Fanner Brown (1857) 22.
[An home of bugle small Which hong adowne his side
in twisted gold, Spenser F. O. i. viii. 3. Adoun ful softely
I gan to sinke, Chaucer Leg. G. IV. 178. OE. ofdnne,
down.]
ADRAD, ppl. adj. Obs. Sc. (Jam.) Afraid.
Cld.
[Adradd, afraid, much concerned, Bailey (1721). They
were adrad of him, as of the deeth, Chaucer C. T. a. 605.
OE. ofdfd'dd, frightened, pp. of ofdrd-dan, to dread.]
ADREAMED, ppl. adj. Wor. Oxf [adri-md, adre'mt.]
Dreaming, dosing.
Ee.Wor.'* 1 wasa-dreamed' for 'I dreamt.' Oxf. You see, ma'am,
all this time she is adreamt between sleeping and waking. Ap-
plied to an infant (Hall.).
[I was a Dreamed that I sat all alone, Bunyan P. P.
(1693) 66 ; Hee is adreamd of a dry sommer. Withal
(1634) ; I was adream'd that I kill'd a buck, Luptun
(Nares). Deriv. of dream, f. The />;'(/! a- is prob. due to
analogy. If the word adreamed were originally a west-
country word it would be natural to assume tliat the
a- represents OE. ge- ; see A- pirf.'^]
ADREICH, adv. Sc. [adrix-] At a distance.
Sc. On painting and fighting look adreich, Henderson Prov.
(1832') 134, ed. i88r. n.Sc. To follow adreich, to follow at a con-
siderable distance (Jam.).
[Throw ane signe that Quincius maid on dreich, the
Romanis ischit fra thair tentis, Bellenden T. Liv. 213
(Jam.), me. He bad tham alle draw tham o dreih, Brunne
Chron. (1330) 194. A-, on -h dreich.
ADREICH, rtiyi;. Sc. Behind, at a distance. See Dreich.
Sc. The steward . . . stood behind, adreich, A. Scott Poems
(1808 99 ; The word, though not common, is still in use iG.W.).
ADRY, adj. Glo. Brks. Cmb. Ess. Ken. Sus. Hmp. Wil.
Som. [adrai-.] Thirsty.
Glo.' Brks.' I be .-idry. Cmb.(M.J.B.) Ess.John wasa-dry,CLARK
J. Noakes (1839) 18. Ken.'^, Sus.', Hmp.' Wil. Who lies here ?
Who do 'e think, Why, old Clapper Watts, if you'll give him some
drink; Give a dead man drink? — for why? Why; when he was
alive he was always a-dry, Epitaph at Leigh Delanure, Elworthy.
w.Som.'
[You may as well bid him that is sick of an ague,
not to be adry. Burton Anai. Mel. (1621) 278, ed. 1836.
A- (pref.^°) + dry.]
ADVANCE, V. Som. Dcv. [advans.] Used refl. ; to
push oneself forward.
■w.Som.' Want shud ee* udvaa'ns ee*z-2uul vaur ? [what should
he push himself forward for?] A good singing-bird was thus
described : Ee due udvaams liz-zuul su boal-z u luy unt [he does
come forward (in the cage) as boldly as a lion], Dev. A woman
is said to advance herself when she sets her arms akimbo and gives
one a bit other mind (P.F.S.A.).
[Avaunce yourselfe to aproche, Skelton, Boivqe of
Co«r/(', 88 (NE.D.). OFr. avancer, to set forward.)
ADVISED, ppl. ad/. Obs. n.Cy. Nrf. With of: ac-
quainted with, aware of
ADVISEMENT
[19]
AFFURST
n.Cy. I am not advised of it, I am not acquainted of it, Hollo-
way. Nrf. I an't advised of it, I can't recollect it, or am ignorant
of it, Grose (1790).
[But art thou not advised? (i.e. haven't you been in-
formed ?), SiiAKS. T. Shrew, i. i. igi ; Advised by good in-
tclhgence Of this most dreadful preparation, /6. //<■«. V, 11.
Prol. 12. Fr. aviscr, to advise, counsel, warn, tell, inform,
do to wit, give to understand (CorcR.).J
ADVISEMENT, sh. Sc. Advice, counsel.
5c. Tlierc came never ill after good advisement, RamsayP;'OV.( 1737).
ADWANG, sec Dwang.
AE, see A, All, Aye, Ea.
AEFALD, aiiv. Sc. Also written afald. [efald.]
Simple, honest, without duplicity or deceit.
Sc. I was aefaald aye wi Him, Waddell Ps. (i8gi) xviii. 23.
S. & Ork.l
Hence Aefaldness, sb. honesty, uprightness, single-
ness of heart (CD.).
[Aifahi is the Sc. form of the older northern aiifcilil,
single, simple, sincere, found in Oiiiiulum and Ciiiaor
MiDuii. OE. an/old, tilt, onc+fald, -fold.]
AEHY, int. Nhb. [li:] Oh ! ah !
Nhb. 'Ae-hy, ae-liy,' kill slie, 'azesueraws rcet,' Bewick Iloadv
(1850) 9.
AERN, see Erne.
AETH-, see Eath-.
AF-, see Oflf-.
AFEAR, V. Obs. Nhp. To frighten.
Nhp.2 That dwant afear ma.
[And ghastly bug does greatly them affcare, Spenser
F. Q. II. iii. 20. "The word is of freq. occurrence in P. Plow-
tiian. OE. afHran, to terrify.]
AFEARlD, coitj. In gen. use in var. dial. Also by
aphaeresis feard. Lest, for fear. Cf afraid.
Nhb. In common use (R.O.H.). Yks. (J.W.) e.Lan.l s.Chs.'
Go an' tine them gaps, feared lest the key [cows] getten in. ne.Wor,
Don't you go there, afeared the bobby si ould see you (J.W.P.).
Ess. We didn't stop . . . Afear the Ovvd un sh'd come out, Downe
Ballads (18951 19. Ess.i Do you bathe ?— Ny, zir. Why not ? —
Feard a bin drownded.
AFEARD, Giij. In gen. dial, use throughout Sc. Irel.
and Eng. See below, [afiard, afiad.] Afraid, frightened,
struck with fear or terror.
Sc. Afeir'd, Grose (1790) MS. add. (C). Ir. The bit of a house
there does be that quite and lonesome on me . . . that I'm afeard,
troth it's .ifcard I am goiii' back to it, Barlow Idylls (1892) 153.
N.I.' Wxf.' Aferdlh. Nhb.' Aa was afeard ye warn't comin'.
Cum.' Afcar't (not often heard). Wm.' ne.Yks.' Ah's sadly
afcai'd on't. e.Yks.' Afeeahd. w.Yks. Ize nane afeard, Di.\ON
Craven Dales (1881) 180. Lan. I'm much afeard there's but little,
Gaskell M. Ba>to>i{^Q^8) v ; Lan.' Get on wi' thee mon ; what arto
afeard on ? Chs.' Come on ! who's afeart ? s.Stf. I bai' afeard o'
thee. PiNNocK Blk. Cy. Ann. (18951. Stf.' 2 Der. He was afeard on
the Governor too, Le Fanu t'/zf/fiiiyns (18651 II. 50; Der.* s.Not.
Ah'm non afeard o' him (J.I*. K.). Not.' n.Lin. The good woman
was nearly as much afeard as you were, Peacock li. Skiilmigh
(1870) I. 49. n.Lin.', Lei.' Nhp.' Afeard, a pood old word still
current amongst our villagers. War.' 2^, se.Wor.' Shr.' Yo
needna be afeard o' gwei'n through the leasow, they'n moggcd
[moved] the cow as 'ilcd poor owd Betty Mathus ; Slir.* Hrf.*
I'm a'most afeared. Glo. Ur were Hitting about i' the night
afeared most despert. Gissing {'///. Hampden (1890) I. vi ; Glo.'
Brks.' *E bent aveard, be 'e ? [You are not afraid, are yovt ?] n.Bck.
(A.C.) Hrt. Who's afeard ? (H.G.) Hnt. l,T. P. F. ) e.An.' N.f.
I'm afeard that flour will be hained [increased in price] ag.iin
next week (W.R.E.). Suf. C.T.) ; Suf.' Afeard is still much used.
Ess. Why they wornt afeare<l I ne'er could understand, Downe
Ballads (1895I 23; Ess.', Ken.' Sur. You shall liavc a glass,
donna be afeared, Bickley Siir. Hills (1890I I. i; Sur.' Sus.
Every man has got his soord upon his thigh, cause dey be afaird
in de night, Lower Sng.Sol. (1860) iii. 8 ; Sus.',Hmp.' I.W. I was
afeard to goo in and lay down and leave the yowes. Gray Anneslev
(1889^ 111. 173; I.W.', Wil.' Dor.' I bCn't afeard To own it, 302.
w.Som.' Waut be ufee"urd oa ? [^vhat are j'ou afraid of?] Dev.
Whot's aveard o' now, yQ stupid? Dithzim he'll bite thee? Hewett
Peas. Sfi. (1892) ; Dev.' Cor. I shoudn't be afeerd to travel oal
hover London, /mi«jv Trebilcock {iS6^) 10; Cor.' I'm afeard of my
life to go upstairs arter dark.
[I am afeard you make a wanton of me, Shaks. Ham. v.
ii. 310 ; So wj'S he was she was no more alercd, Ciiaixkr
Tr. &r> Cr. III. 482. OE. ci/dnd, frightened, //. of ajdran ;
see Afear.]
AFER, sec Aver.
AFFBEND, i'. Sh.I. [a'fbend.] To remove the furni-
ture from a peat-pony.
S. & Ork.'
[Aff, oil'+bend, used in the sense of harnessing a horse
to a cart: Then Joseph bended his charctt fast ( /iinc/o
ciirni, Vulg.), CovERDALE Ccn. xlvi. 29. OE. bemtan, to
fasten, to bind.]
AFFEIRING, frp. Sc. [afiarin.] Appertaining to,
proportionate.
Slk. It's no sae ill, alTciring to [said of any work done by a
person who could not have lieen expected to do it so well] Jav.\
[Pip. of afifeir, to belong, pertain ; also written effeir.
Under great sums effeiring to their condition and rank,
Act Council (1683') in Wodrow Hist. Chuirli Scotland \i~i2i)
II. 318. AFr. affeiir, to belong, pertain ; Lat. ad. to \ferire,
to strike, hence, to affect. Cp. Cotgr : Afferant KKhc Par-
ticiple of the Impersonal affiert\, beseeming or becoming;
also, concerning or belonging ta Sec Efifeir.]
AFFLUDE, V. Sh. I. To injure the looks or appearance
of anj'thing ; disguise.
Sh.I. To change the appearance, to disguise ; of clothes, to be
unbecoming (W.A.G.1. S. & Ork.'
[Cp. Dan. lud, colour.]
AFFLUFE, AFF LOOF, adv. Sc.
1. Without book, offhand. To repeat anything 'afHufe' is
to deliver it merely from memory (Jam.).
2. Extempore, without premeditation.
Sc. Whene'er I shoot wi' m^' air gun, 'Tis ay affloof Davidson
Seasons i^i-fit)] 183. Per. AflTufe, in two words, are still commonly
used, e.g. AIT lufe speaking, extempore speaking i.G.W.). Lnk.
How snackly could he gi'e a fool reproof. E'en wi' a cant}' tale
he'd tell air loof, Ramsay Poems (ed. 1800I II. 11 (Ja.m.\ Ayr.
I shall scribble down some blether Just clean afl'-loof, Buk.\s
Epistle to John Lapiaik (1785).
3. Forthwith, immediately, out of hand (Jam.).
\_Aff-,o'R+loof,a,.M:\
AFFODILL.aA. Chs. Also in the form affrodileChs."3;
haverdril Chs.' [a'fadil, a'fradil.] The daffodil, A'anVsiMS
psetido- niiirissiis.
Chs. AITrodilc, Nareissttspsendo-nnra'ssus, hut the Cheshire word
is really Ilavrdril ; Chs.'*; Chs.^ ' Flower of AlVadille ' is, in an old
Lincoln Cathedral manuscript, recommended as a cure for madness.
[y/^/or)'///c,th' Affodillc or Asphodill flower. I/ac/ie rovatti;
theAffodille or Asphodill flower; especially 1 the small-kind
thereof called) the Speare for a king, Cotur. M.Lat.
affodilttis {Pionipt.), Lat. asp/ioditiis, Gr. ilo-^ofifXcif.]
AFFORDANCE, sb. Cum. [afuadans.] Ability to bear
expense.
Cum. Quite right, if you are ofalTordance[ifyou can aflord it]. It's
beyond my affordance [more than I can alTordJ , W.K.1. n.Cum. Not
known round Coniston ; but in the district rountl Wigton and the
widcand isolated district of the Abbey Holme the word ' aflV>rtlance*
is well known and generally used (.T.E.I. Cum.' AlTwordance.
[A deriv. of afford, r. (OE. gefordian, to advance, per-
form) -^--ance, a Fr. suffix.]
AFFRONT, V. Sc. [afru'nt.] To disgrace, put to shame.
Gall. At your time o' life, to dress up for a young man ; I'm
black alTronlit, Crockett Raiders (1894) xxxiii.
AFFRONT, sb. Sc. Disgrace, shame.
Per. He hasna an aflVont [he cannot be put to shame, ' past
feeling'] ^G.W.).
Hence Affrontless, f7f//l
Abd. Not susceptible of disgrace or shame (Jam.). Per. He's
atTrontlcps [shameless, p;ist feeling] (G.W.).
AFFRUG, sb. Sh. I. [afrug.j A spent wave receding
from the shore.
S. & Ork.' AtlVug of the sea; AfTrug or Aflf-bod, MS. add.
[Lit. a pull-back. Cp. Dan. af, oft>;j^, a hasty pull or
movement ; ON. rykkr, cogn. with rykkja, to pull roughly
and hastily.]
AFFURST, sec Athirst.
D 2
AFIELD
[20]
AFORE
AFIELD, adv. Sc. Irel. Dur. Nhp. War. Brks. [afi-ld,
avi-ld.] Abroad, out in or into the fields.
Ayr. My only pleasure At hame, a-fiel'. Burns Second Epistle to
Davie. Wxf." Aveel (ofo.). Dur.' Tek the cows afield. Nhp.' The
master's gone a-field ; Nhp.^ Whcer's maester? — Up afield. \Var.2
He's gone afield [on the farmlands]. Brks.' A farmer is said to be
' gone avield ' when he has gone to walk about his farm.
\A-, on -afield.]
AFIRE, adv. Nhb. Wm. Chs. War. Dev. [3fai3;r),
3vai'3(r).] On fire.
Nhb.i Ma keel's aa afire, ma fortin's aa spoiled, Corvan Keel
Afire {c. i&b^). Wm.», Chs.i War. (J.R.W.) Dev. Urn, Zue,
vatch zom zalt ! Tha chimbly's avire ! Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892).
A-FLAT, adv. Sc. Flat.
Fif. There a jumper falls aflat upon the mould, Tennant Anst.
Fair (,1812") xxvii.
AFLAUGHT, adv. Sc. (Jam.) [ana'xt.] Lying flat
Rxb.
[A-. on+flaitcht {Jlaiighf), q.v.]
AFLEY, V. Sc. Obsol. To dismay, discomfit.
Sc. Alley, in pp. dismayed, frightened ; still used. The herds
would gather in their nowt . . . Hafflins afley'd to bide thereout, Fer-
GUSSON King's Bulliday (0.1774) 2, ed. 1845 (N.E.D.).
[OE. (ijlii'gaii I Merc, a/legan), to put to flight ; see Fley.]
AFLUNTERS, Wv. w^Yks. In a state of disorder.
w.Yks.Afiunters, disarranged, Lffrfi- j1/(7/-f.5K/'/i/. (Apr. 18, 1891);
Her hair all aflunters (B.K.).
[A-, on + Jliiiiter, q.v.]
AFOOT, adv. Sc. Cum. n.Yks. [sfi't, n.Yks. sfist.]
L Up and about; esp. able to stand and walk after an
illness.
Wm. & Cum.' What ailsta, Jammy, Thou's sae soon a-fit, Clark
Sevnion and Jamwy (1779) 1. i. n.Yks.^ It'll be a whent while
afoore he's aff'eeat ageean [a long time before he is well].
2. Fig. to get afoot, to make a start or beginning.
n.Yks. 2 Hae ye gotten afeeat wi' t' job ?
[Mischief, thou art afoot. Take thou what course thou
wilt ! Shaks. J. Caesar in. ii. 265 ; To pleye and walke on
fote, Chaucer C. T. f. 390. A-, on +foot.\
AFORCE, V. Nhb. [aftir's.]
Nhb. To hole a board into an adjoining board unintentionally,
GreF-NWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849! ; Nhb.'
[The word occurs freq. in Hampole's Psalter in the
sense of to constrain.' AFr. aforcer, OFr. esforcier; Rom.
exfortiare. to force, constrain ; deriv. of hat./ortis, strong.]
ATOKCED, f>pl. adj. e.Yks. Forced, compelled.
e.Yks.' Ah was afooaced ti gang alang ti gaol, 19.
AFORE, adv. .conj'.and prep. Ingeii. use in van dial. ofSc.
Irel. Eng. Also written afoor Nhb. Cum. Lan.Suf. ; afocar
e.Yks. Wm. ; aforne e.An. ; atvore Glo. ; avore, avoore
sw. counties; avaur, avaurn Som. [3fo3(r),avo3'(r).]
1. Of time: before, ere.
Sc. [He] wan there afore the time (Jam.). Abd. Wer ither herd
thol't a3'e afore To lie ayont the byre, Goodwi/e (1867^ ver. 8. Edb.
Afore I was fifteen years old, Scott Midlothian (1818) ix. GaH.
Afore they could let him gang, Crockett Stickii Min. (1893) 24.
Ir. They'll be gettin' oodles o' money on at the fair afore Lent,
Barlow /(/v//s(i892l57. N.I.' Nhb. We'll hae anither fishing bout
Afore we're taen awa', Coquet Dale Sngs. (1852) 59: Nhb.' Dur.'
Cum.^ We teuk a gfld Icuk at him afoor anybody spak, i. Wm,
Afore we com. Knitters e' Dent (Doctor, ed. 1848) 560. n.Yks.
Ah nivver knew t'rooad . . . seea shooat . . . afooar, Tweddell
Clevel. Rhymes (1875) 64. ne.Yks.' He'll mebbe cum afoor neet.
e.Yks. He hadn't gcean monny yards afcoar he fell ower summat,
Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889; 33. w.Yks. A've dubbled t'neiv, afoar
la day , PREsroNPof »is, (ifc. (1864) 4 ; w.Yks.' That n ivver com across
my brain afoar, ii. 324 ; w.Yks.' I sal be offafore long. Lan. Afore
the week wureawt, JiAUKsManch. Man (1876) viii ; I've hcd things
stown afoorto-day.BowKER 7a/fs(i882',65: Lan.* Chs. Awcannot
tell yo' very much afore, Yates Owd Peter, i. 8; Chs." Stf.'
nw.Der.' Three year afore [three eeti T flfoau t]. He went an hour
afore us [ee went un iaawur Ofoau T iiz]. s.Not. Ah seed it afore yo
(J.P.K.). Lin. An' 'e mrade the bed as'e ligs on afoor 'e coom'd to
the shire, Tennyson A^. Farmer, New Style (1870) st. 7. se.Wor.'
w.Wor.' Come an* see we afore yd goes awaay. s.War. 'Ebe a
wik fool az gits up afore egooas t'bed. IVhy John (G.H.T.) {Call.
L. L.B.I. Shr.' 'E's bin theer afore I know, so dunna tell me;
Shr.2 Afore lung, before long. Hrf. Thou hadst ought to a come
afore, Flk-Lore Jni. (1886) I'V. 166. Glo. [I] lukk'd at thaay
tateers avore y yad mi ta, Buckman Darke's Sojourn (1890) 136.
Brks. He made his braags avoore he died Hughes Siour. White
Horse (1859) vii. Mid. Afore you takes your snooze, Dickens
Mutual Fiiend (1865) bk. iv. i. Hnt, Afore long (T.P.F.). Nrf.
The year afore that he kinder did for my tunnips. Jessopp Arcady
(1887) iii. 82. Suf. I'll goon him such a hidin' as he niver had
afoor. e.An. Dy. Times (1892). Ess. You 'ont want to be there
long Afore j'ou say my wahrd is right, Downe Ballads (,1895) 17.
Sur.' Sus. Afore 1 know'd what I was about. Lower Sng. Sol.
(i860) vi. 12. n.Wil. What the men call ' the dark days afore
Christmas,' Jefferies Wild Life (1879I 98. Dor. Avore we git to
Temple Coombe, Young Rabin Hill (1867) 22 ; Dor.' Avore the
east begun to redden, 57. Som. If his veace was beautivul avore.
Leith Lemon Verbena (1895) 51. Dev. It mad 'em laugh more
than they did avore, Repotis Provinc. (1886) 90. n.Dev. Ad t chell
ream my heart to tha avore Ise let that tha lipped, Exm. Scold,
(1746) 1. 17. Dev,^ Her's like a duck avore day. Cor. Our boy,
he wor to school a bit afore aw pitched to bal, Forfar Pentoivan
(1859) i. 7 ; Cor.' He took me up afore 1 were down [corrected
me before I had made a mistake].
2. Of preference: rather than, in preference to, better
than.
w.Yks.s Afore al du that al heit haay wi a horse ! nw.Der.' I'll
clem afore I'll work for that muney [aujll tlaem ufoauT au)ll
wuur'k fur dhaat- miini]. sw.Lin.' There's nothing afore bramble-
vinegar [vinegar made of blackberries] fora cough. I reckon there's
nowt afore spring waiter. Wil. Gie I a English shartharn afor a
Alderney, ' Agrikler ' Rhymes (1872) 20. w.Som.' Avore I'd be
beholdin to he, I'd work my vingers to bones.
3. In front, before, in the presence of.
Sc. He ran on afore (Jam.) ; He wad hae liked ill to hae come
in ahint and out afore them this gate, Scott Rob Roy (1817) xxxvi.
Ayr. Ae Hairst afore the Sherramoor. I mind't as weel's yestreen.
Burns Halloiveen (1785). Nhb, Wi' canny care she claps't
afore them, Graham Moorl. Dia. (1826) 6; Nhb.' Gan on afore.
Wm.' It's reet afooar tha. n.Yks.^ Ahmt an' afoore, behind and
before. w.Yks. Mah vaineyird 'at is maine, is afoor mah, Little-
D.^LE Craven Sng. Sol. (1859) ^'i^^- '^ > w.Yks.' Gehr afore him an'
keep afore him. Lan.' Now, Sally, gan thi ways afore me, an'
oppen t'door, Waugh Jannock (1874) iii. s.Chs.' s.Stf. He
come an' stood right afore me. Pinnock Bk. Cy. Ann. (1895).
nw.Der.' He's a mile afore me [ec^z u mahy'l ufoauT mee].
Where is Sam? — He's afore [weeuT is Saam' ? ec^z ufoau'r].
Der.2 Dofi"th3' hat mon, afore thy betters. Slir.' Theer wuz the
child right afore the 'orse. Brks.' Avorn is ' before him.' Avoort
is ' before it.' Sur. He's afore^'ou entirely, Hoskyns Talpa (1852)
183. Wil. Vootsteps did rouse my pensive ears. An he avore
I stood. Slow Rhymes (1889) 21. Som. Get avaur un, stoopid,
Jennings Dial. u:Eng. (1869). w.Som.' A little knot of flowers
avore the house. Captain's the best oss to go avore. n.Dev. And
whare a wou'd be ovore or no, E.xm. Scold. (1746) 1. 14.
4. Until.
w.Som.' Us can wait avore j'ou be ready, sir. Uur oan lat-n
uloa'un uvoa'ur ec-z u-broakt [she will not leave it alone until it
is broken]. n.Dev. Th'arst always a vustled up . . . avore zich
times as Neckle Halse comath about. E.rni. Scold. (1746) 1. 108.
5. Coiup. Afore all, nevertheless ; -fit, indiscriminately,
all without exception (Jam.) ; -hand, aforran, before-
hand, ready; -long, shortly; -time, formerly; yene, over
against.
n.Dev. Yeet avore oil, avore voak, tha wut lustree, Exm. Scold.
(1746) 1. 291. Frf. Some sa3's ye mak them up aforehand, Barrie
Thrums (1889) 39. n.Cy. Aforran, in store, in reserve (Hall.).
Nhb.' Nowt aforran, nothing ready. Cura.^ It'so' settl't afoorhan'.
n.Yks. Bill axt ma afooarhand what Ah thowt, Tweddell Clevel.
Rhymes (1875) 66. e.Yks.' Ah likes ti gan ti chotch a bit afooar-
hand. Noo, get on wi' thi wahk; Jack's afooarhand o' tha, MS.
add. (T.H.) w.Som.' Mind you get em in readiness avore-hand.
Aay wuz uvoa'ran'z wai un, vur au*I u wuz zu kluvur[I outwitted
him (or got the better of him), notwithstanding that he was so
clever]. Dur.' See y'agen afore lang. n.Yks.' ; n.Yks. ^ Riddy
for off afoorelang [ready to set out soon]. It'll happen afoorelang
gans [it will happen at no distant period]. n.Lin.', Lei.' Nhp.'
I shall go afore long. Glo. It's you as ought to go before the magis-
trates, and will do afore long. Gissing Vill. Hampden (1890) I. ii.
Som. Come it did, sure enulT. avore lang, Leith Lemon Verbena
(18951 38. n.Yks. 2 An aud afooretimes body, an antiquated per-
sonage. ne.Lan.' n.Lin. Thaay was big foiiks afooretime ( M. P.);
n.Lin.' Som. Aforeyene, over against, directly in front of (Hall.).
AFORWARD
[21]
AFTER
6. Phr. to live afore the friend, to live on tlie charity of
friends.
w.Yks. A chaphez a deal to swalls when he'zlivin' afore t'friend
(J.R.).
[If I do not . . . drive all thy subjects afore thee like a
flock of wild-geese, Shaks. i lien. Jf, u. iv. 152. ME. To
hem that riche were afore, Gower C.A. ii. 88. OE. on-
foran, before.]
AFORWARD, adv. Glo. Forward, in front.
Glo. Get the wurk avorard, carnt ec ! (S.S.B.) ; A shepherd
would tell his dog to 'go avorard,' meaning 'get ahead of the
sheep' ij. D.R.I.
\A-, on +forii.'ard, q. v.]
AFRAID, coil/. Ircl. and var. dial, [afred.] Also for
afraid, and, by aphaeresis, fraid. Lest, for fear that.
Ir. 1 put it there, afraid you should find it. I wouldn't go out
to-day afraid I should miss you (A.S.P.) ; I wouldn't undertalie
to say for fraid I'd tell a lie, Yeats Flk. Tales (1888) 187. Dub.
Run indoors, God bless you, for afraid the cows 'd run over you
[said to a child by a man driving cows] (^G.M.H.). n.Lin.' She
weant goa by trip-traains for fraaid o' sum'ats happenin'. ne.Wor
I'll just go with you part of the way, afraid you shouldn't find it
(J.W.P.). Su£ I shall put on my hat afraid I shall catch cold
(Common. ' For afraid ' is less common) (F.H.).
[Afraid {cony), contr. for 'being afraid.' For afraid is
due to association with the phr. ' tor fear.' Afraid is pp.
o{ affray, vb. to frighten, AFr. affrayer, OFr. eff'reer, esfreer.]
AFRAWL, prefi. Wor.Suf [afr?-!.] For all, in spite of.
se.Wor.* ' Now. Bill}', thee cossn't come this a-road.' Billy; * 1
sh'll come afravvl thee.' Su£ AlVawl, for all, in spite of i^Hall.).
[A-,prrf.'"+foran.]
AFRESH, adv. and ad/. In gcii. use. [afre'/.]
1. adv. Over again.
Brks.' Thee hast done the job zo bad thee mus' do't avresh.
2. adj. Unknown before, new, fresh.
Stf.'^ It's naut afresh far im ta bei drunk. Brks.' A be a-doin'
things in the parish as be quite avresh.
[1. Dead Henry's wounds Open their congeal'd mouths
and bleed afresh, Shaks. Ric/i. Ill, i. ii. 56. A- (prob. = 0/
as in anew) +fres/i. 2. As an ad/, afresh is prob. not
exactly the same word as that above ; the a- representing
in this case not of, but the pref. surviving in western
dial, from OE. .,?■*'-.]
AFRIST, adv. Sc. (Jam,) [afri'st.] On trust or in a
state of delay.
Sc. All ills are good afrist, Prov.
\A-, on +fri^t. ON. frestr, OE. fierst, space of time,
respite. ME. Do f)OU nouth on frest, Hav. 1337).]
AFRO, V. Sh. I. To dissuade.
Sh.I.(,W.A,G,, Co//. L.L.B.) S.&Ork.«
[Dan. afraade, to dissuade (cp. G. abraten) ; Dan. af
ou + rnnde, to advise; ON. rai^a. OE. rddan.]
AFRONT, rtrfz;. Yks. Lan. War. Brks. [afru'nt, avre'nt.]
In front.
w.Yks.* He wur afront an' we wur aback on him. ne.Lan.*
War. (J.R.W.) Brks.' Thee get on avront o' I, thcr ycnt room
vor us bwo-ath in the paath.
[A-, on + front.]
AFRORE, ppl. adj. svv. counties only. Ilmp. Dor, Som.
Dev. Also written avrore Dor,' Dev. ; avraur, avroared
Dev. See below. [3fro3'(r), 3vro3'(r).] Frozen, stiff with
frost.
s.Hmp.Ycmustbe nigh famished, and afrore too,"VERNEy i. Lisle
(1870) xxiii. Hmp.' Froar, Vrore. Dor.' Som. My vingers be
all avraur, Jennings Dial. w.Eiig. (1869V n.Dev. Tha chield's
avroared. tha conkcrbells Be hangin to un. Rock Jim fl;i' AV// ( 1 867)
5 ; Or whan 'tes avore [misprint : 1771 has avrore] or a scratcht,
£.vnt. Scoid. (1746) 1. 123 ; Avrore, frozen, frosty, Kxmore, Grose
(1790% Dev.' 'Twas so hard avrore that the juggy-mire was all
one ditch of ice, pt. iii. 18, nw.Dev.'
[OE. i^efroren, pp. oifrcosan, to freeze.]
AFT.' adv. n.Yks. [aft.]
1. Backward, infig. sense.
n."Yks.2 They went aft, instead o' forrat [met with reverses
rather than things favourable].
2. As super/.
n.Yks.*Afte5t, the hindmost, the laziest of the lot.
AFTCROP, si). Sc. Written eft-, eff-.
1. After-crop,alsocalled tail-crop, i.e. the grass that springs
up among the stubble after the crop is cut (Jam. Stippl.). 2.
A crop of the same kind as the ground yielded last year (//>.).
3. Aft-crop is the same as aftermath.
Gall. (A,W.')
AFTCROP, V. Sc. (Jam. Sitppl.) Written eff-. To
after-crop, i. e. to take two successive crops of the same
kind from a field.
Per. Tenants were restricted not to eff-crop the infield [not to
take two successive crops of oats], Rorektson Agric. (1799) 23.
AFTER, prep., adv., v., and adj. (in comp.) Var. dial.
uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. See below. [a'ft3(r), e-fta(r).]
1. prep. Of place : following the course of, alongside of.
A\so fig. following, in accordance with.
n.Lin.' [Fig. sense] He said his peace wo'd for wo'd efter th' book.
Nhp.' Go arter the hedge. Glo.' Go athirt that ere ground, and
you'll find the path after the hedge. Som. After, along (J. S.F.S.; ;
•W. & J. Gl. (1873).
2. Behind.
Ir. I left him after me (G.M.II.).
3. Of time : used instead of 'past' when speaking of the
time of day.
s.Oxf. I'll mash the tea as soonaseveritgoes'alfaater three, Rose-
mary C/ji/Zfras (1895) 181, Suf. M.E.R.i Dev. I stap'd thare til haf
arter zix I shude spose, Nathan Hogg Poet. Let. (1847) 15, ed, 1865.
4. adv. Even with, keeping pace with.
w.Som.' Dhii eenjiin wain zu vaa'S, wuz foo'us vur t-ae-u tiie-
vur t-an- dhu shcc'z— wau-n kcod-n nuuth'ecn nee-ur keep aiip
aa-dr [the engine went so fast, (we) were obliged to have two
(men) to hand the sheaves — one could not nearly keep up after —
i. e. the supply even with the demand].
5. (i) Following a i>. of motion : to fetch. (2) prep, used,
the V. being understood. (3) prep, used as a v. pure and
simple.
(I) Nrf. I'll go arter it (E.M.\ w.Som.' With any verb of motion
[after] means to fetch. Zain aa-dr, goo aa-dr, uurn aa-dr [send,
go, run — to fetch]. 1^2) n.Yks. He efter Betty ageean, Tweddkll
Clevcl. Rhymes 1,18751 13. ne.Yks.' Ah efther him. w.Yks. They
teld her Avhear he'd goan, soa shoo after him (a very common form
of expression). Hartley Yks. Xinas.Ann. (1879) 12. (3^ w.Yks.
Ivvery dog thcar wor in it [the village] afterd us, Tom Treddle-
hoyle Bait tisla Ann. (1854) 35, Nhp.* He got the start, but I
preshus quick atter'd him. Bdf. Batchelor Anal. Eng. Lang.
118091. s.Hrap. What did that fellow Ned mean by aftering me
like that, Verney L. Lisle (1870^ xxv.
6. When used with a progressive tense it indicates:
(i) that an action is about to take place; (2) completed
action, cf. Fr. venir dc ; (3) present action ; in the last
sense it is freq. otiose.
(1) Inv. I will be after telling him [I will tell him] (H. K, F.\ Clis.3
He's after taking another farm, e. An.' The hen is after l.nying.
Suf. I now after fetching it ^C. G. de B.). (a'j Inv. I am after
telling him [I have just told him] (II.K, F.). Ir. She told them in the
prisoner's presence that he was after hanging her up against the
door with a rope, Dublin Dy. E.xpr. (Mar. 26, 1891) ; I am after
dining [I have dined] (G.M.H.); Jos was after balragging the
priest, Kennedy Even. Diiffrey (1869)81 ; Ihey were after hangin'
a lad up at the jail. Barlow Liseonnel {\Qg^\ 169. s.Ir. It is not
every lady that would be after making [would have made] such an
offer, Croker Leg. (i86a) 220. Wxf. S'es, indeed, sir, and I only
after composing a new prayer today, Kennedy Banks Bow (1867)
186. (3) Ir. Then it's fitter . . . for you to be after putting your sign
there in your pocket, Barrington Sketches (1830) I. xvii ; Is it
Lanigan you'd be afther comparin' me to ? Lover /.f^, (1848) I. 225.
s.Ir. I would not beaftersayingsuch a thing, Croker /.(■jf. (1862)291.
7. To be after: (i) to court, to be in love with ; (2I to be
in pursuit of, to follow ; (3) to be engaged upon ; (4) to
aim at ; (5) the word also conveys the idea of a state or
condition in the immediate future, and (6) of a recently
completed action.
(i)Inv. 1 am after so and so [I am in love with so and so] (H.E.F.').
n.Yks. (I. W.) Chs.' I expect he's after our Polly. 'War. J.R.W.)
(,2^ Inv. I will be after you [I'll follow you] (H.E.F.\ n.Yks.
(I,W,) Chs.'The policeman's after him. War. (J.R.W.) (3)
n.Yks. (I. W.) Chs.' What arc you after ? Lin. He'll be efter ye
soon, I'll uphowd it, Peacock R. Skidaiigh (1870) I. 189. n.Lin,'
I could tell what he was efter, though he kep' very squat. 'War.
(J.R.W.) Nrf. What are you arter there (E. M.). (4) sJr.Is
AFTER
[22]
AFTERINGS
that what you'd be after, you spalpeen ? Croker Leg. (1862) 269.
CoUoq. ' Look here ! Dunham,' said Staniford sharply, 'what are
you after!' H dwells ^roos/oo;t (1883^ xii. (5) Ir. The child is
after the measles. (6) I am after my dinner (G.M.H.).
8. After long and last, at the end.
I.Ma. That's where we'll all be after long and last, Caine
Maiixntaii (1894) pt. 11. xv.
0. Comp. After-burden, after-birth (placenta) ; -butter,
that made from after-fleetings, q.v. ; -cast, consequences,
effect, what may ensue (Jam.) ; -cleckin, -clep, -cletch,
see below; -come, consequence, what comes after;
-comer, a stranger, visitor, 'follower'; -daylight, -end,
-feed, -fetch, see below ; -fleetings, cream from milk that
has been twice skimmed ; -gang, to follow ; -grass, -held,
see below; -leavings, slime containing ore ; -leys, -mead,
-most, -shear, -shot, -smatch, -temsings, see below;
-temsing-bread, bread made from coarse flour, the refuse
of the sieve or temse ; -wald, the outfield, arable land
which is not manured, but cropped until it is worn out
(Jam.) ; -winding, see below.
Lin. After-burden, after-birth, Streatfield Lin. and Danes
(1884) 315. n.Lin.' The afterburden should oht to be alus putten
iipo' kitchen fire-back at neet when foaks hcs gone to bed. Bck.
That which is afterwards skimmed makes what is called an after-
butter, Marshall Review (1817) IV. 546. Rxb. He durst na do't
for fear o' the aftercast (Jam.). Dut.' Efter-clecking, one of a
second brood. ne.Yks.* Efter-clecking, a brood of chickens, &c.,
hatched after the first brood of the season [also in pi. applied to
the brood]. Them fahve geslins is eftthercleckins. n.Yks.^ Efther-
clep, the brood that happens to come after the usual breeding
time. Dur.' Efter-cletch, an after or second brood in the same
year. s.Sc. And how are ye to stand the aftercome ? Brownie of
Bodsbeck, ii. 9; I fear she is ruined for this world, — and for the
aftercome, I dare hardly venture to think about it, ib. ii. 48 (Jam.).
Gall. He wad like to dee but for the thocht o' the after-come,
Crockett Moss-Hags (1895) xxiii. n.Yks.^ Efther-comers,
followers. e.Yks.* Efther-cummers, visitors, strangers. e.Lan.^
After-dellit, night [after daylight]. n.Yks.^ Yan's efther-end
condition [one's state after death]. n.Lin.' After-end, the
autumn ; more commonly [called] the back-end or fall. Oxf.
Afterfeed, the grass that grows after the first crop has been
mown, and generally fed olf, not left for an aftermath, as in some
othercounties'j^HALL., Wright); Still in freq. use (K.B.). Cum.*
Efter fetches, after-thoughts or actions. Ess. Butter which
is made from the after-fleetings of the milk, Marshall Review
(1817) V. 164. Abd. They . . . gae a nod to her to aftergang,
Ross Hehnore (17681 86. w.Som.' After grass, the grass which
grows after the hay is gone. It is not a second crop to be
mown, but to be fed. Wgt. After-heid, grass springing up in
the stubble after the crop is cut (A.W.). Cor.^ After-leavings in
washing tin (s.v. Loobs". Brks. After-laies, After-lej-s, aftermath
or rowinge (K.). Hrt. Our after mead, or second crop, Ellis
Mod. Htisb. (1750) IV. i. 95. e.Yks.i Bill's awlas efther-most on
'em all, MS. add. (T. II.) Hmp.' After-shear, the aftermath.
Dor. Another person claims a right to the after shear, Marshall
Review (1B17) V. 261. Sc. In the process of distilling whisk3', the
strong spirit which comes away first is called the foreshot or fore-
shots; and that which comes last, the aftershot or aftershots
(Jam. Sh/>/i/.V n.Yks.^ Efther-smatch, the flavour of anything
after it is swallowed. Dur.* Efter-temsings, coarse flour. m.Yks.l
After-temsins. w.Yks.' I hed some efter temsin breead i' t'Aumry.
Cat. Afterwald, that division of a farm which is called outfield in
other parts of Scotland. The outfield land [proviiicially after-
wald], Agric. Stirv. of Cai. 87 (Jam.). nw.Dev.' Arter-wlnding
or Artcr-winning, small or light corn [after-winnowing]. Cor.'
After-winding, waste corn.
AFTER, V. Yks. (?) Stf. Der. To take the last milk
from cows. See Afterings.
Yks. I have only heard this word once in Yks. (M. F.) Stf.'
After, to extract the last milk of a cow the second time ; Stf.^
Tak 5is litl kan, an gu an after th' kai. Der. After the youths had
milked the cows, I aftered them, getting a pint or so from each
(H.R.).
AFTER-ANE, adj., prop. phr. Sc. Uniform, equable.
Sc. She's fi.x't my lut maist after ane, CocK 5(H;/>/f 5/raiH5 (1810)
69 (Jam.). Bnff.i Ye canna gang wrang t'him : for he's eye efter-
ane : an' he niver sehns awa ony ane wee a sair liairt.
fSyne eftir ane my toung is and my pen, Doug. Virg.
452) 30.]
AFTERCLAP, sb. Sc. Yks. Chs. Stf. Der. Lin. Lei.
War. Shr. Glo. Oxf. Ess. LW. Wil. Som. Dev. Cor. Not in
gloss, of e.An. [a'ftatlap, a'ftsklap.]
1. Ulterior and unexpected consequences, generally un-
pleasant ; evil consequence (Jam.).
e.Yks.*, w.Yks.2 s.Clis.* Unpleasant consequences; e.g. of the
results of over-indulgence in eating. St£2 Dunna crow too soon,
wait till th' afterclap. nw.Der.l I want it sattled ; I dunno want
noo afterclaps [au) waan't it saat''lt ; au) diin'u waan-t ndo aaf-
turtlaap-s]. Der.^ War. (J.R.W.) ; War. 2 Shr.i It's al'ays
best be earful an' sen' some one as knows thar business an'
then theer's no afterclaps ; Slir.^ The consequence, issue, result,
generally received in nialain partem. Glo.* Oxf.' After conse-
quences, a relapse. Ess. Which being descried, take heede of
you shall, For danger of after claps, after that fall, Tusser Htis-
bandrie (1580) 107, St. d. Wil. Slow Gl. (1892); Wil.' Som.
Svveetman IVincanlon Gl. (1885). Cor.' Something happening
after the cause is supposed to have been removed.
2. Anything occurring when it has ceased to be expected;
a sequel, anything that comes after ; an after-thought.
n.Yks.2 Efther-claps, incidents which arise after matters were
thought to be concluded. w.Yks. Banks Wl;fld. H'ds. (1865).
E.Chs.' A sequel, anything that comes after ; e. g. a prayer meeting
after a preaching service, a distribution of bread after a tea meet-
ing, &c. n.Lin.' Rachel Ta3'lor's 'e a fine waay ; she hed her tent
bairn nine year sin, an' noo she's fallen doon wi' twins ; it's a sore
after-clap for her. Lei.' Way'n got a affter-clap o' winter this
turn (in reference to a frosty week in April). I.W.^ I don't want
noo aaterclaps. w.Sora.' Arriere pensee. Au'nur bruyt un noa
aa'dr-klaaps [honour bright and no afterclaps] is a constant ex-
pression in contracting bargains or agreements. Dev. And it [yet],
'tis best as 'tis, perhaps ; We mert a catch'd zom arterclaps, Peter
Pindar Middlesex Elect. (1816) IV. 206. Cor.' After-clapses, after-
thoughts. [Amer. An attempt to unjustly extort more in a bargain
or agreement than at first settled upon, Farmer.]
3. In pi. superfluous finery.
Cor.' I caan't manage the after-clapses.
[What plaguy mischiefs and mishaps Do dog him still
with after claps, Butler Hiid. i. iii. 4 ; For had he been a
merchant, then perhaps Storms, thunderclaps, or fear of
afterclaps Had made him lon^ ere this the food of worms,
Taylor Life of Old Parr; He can give us an afterclap
when we least weene, Latimer Serm. (Wright) ; It was a
sorry happe, (he) doubted him of an afterclappe, Percy's
Fol. MS. ( M atzner). After -)- clap, a slap, blow, q.v.]
AFTER-CROP, see Attercop.
AFTER-DAMP, sb. Tech. Nhb. Dur. w.Yks. [a'fta-
damp.] The noxious gas resulting from a colliery explo-
sion (Wedgwood).
Nhb. & Dur. After-damp, carbonic acid, stythe. The products
of the combustion of fire-damp, Nicholson Coal Tr. Gt. (1888).
Ntib.' After-damp, the noxious gas resulting from a colliery explo-
sion. This after-damp is called choak-damp and surfeit by the
colliers, and is the carbonic acid gas of chymists, Hodgson A
Description of Felling Colliery. w.Yks. The after-damp completed
their death, N. & Q. (1S76) 5th S. v. 325. Miners' tech. Carbonic
acid gas, or choke damp, which the miners call after-damp, Core
(1886) 228.
[After + damp, q.v.; cp. choak-damp.]
AFTERGAIT, adf Sc. (Jam.)
1. Seemly or fitting.
Lnk. That's something aftergait.
2. Tolerable, moderate, what does not exceed.
Rxb. I'm ill o' the toothache; but I never mind sae lang as it's
ony way aftergait ava. I'll be there if the day's ought aftergait.
[After + gait, way, i. e. after, not out of the ordinary way.]
AFTERHEND, adv. and prep. Sc. n.Cy. Afterwards,
after.
Sc. Mark ye me, friend, that we may have nae coUy-shangie
afterhcnd, Scott Gay Mannering (1815) xliv ; Get the ferm, an'
efterhand that, ye may kiss, Lumsden Sliccp-Hcad, 270 ; It lookit
as if the craytur had gotten its ain back afterhand, Roy Horseman's
U'd. (1895) i. n.Cy. Aftcrhend, Border Gl. {Coll. L.L.B.)
[Marshall did sweare afterhend that he had not fylled
him at all, Hist. Kirk 1634-46 (N.E.D.) ; Then is he wise
after the honde, Gower C. A. 11. 31. After + hand; cp.
beforehand, behindhand.]
AFTERINGS, sb.pl. Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Lin.
AFTERMATH
[23]
AGAIN
War. Shr. Glo. w.Cy. Also in the form afterlins w. Yks.'
See below, [a'ftarinz.]
1. The last milk that comes before a cow's udder is
empty ; locally called strippings, drippings, or strokings.
Sc. I'il! siie frae her the massy aftVins draw, Morison Poems
(1790) 185 (Jam.). s.Sc. More generally known as jibbings or
dribblings, A'. & Q. (1882) 6tli S. vi. 54. Dmf. [Jane] furnishes
butter and afterings (jibbings) for tea, Fkoude Thomas Carlylc
(1882) II. 27. Yks. It were only yesterday as she aimed her leg
right at t'pail wi' t'afterings in; she knowed it were afterings as
well as any Christian, Gaskell Sylvia (1863) xv (Dav.). w.Yks.
Afterings, the last milk of a cow. Also called strippings, lll/.x.
ll'ds ; w.Yks.' Afterlins, the last milk of a cow. Lan.' Jem, let
owd Mally have a quart o' aftherins for a custhert or two. e.Lan.'
Chs." Afterings, the same as strokings; Chs.^ The last milk
(generally considered the richest). So called because in all well-
managed dairies, a milker follows after the others to make sure of
the afterings. Stf.' ^ Der. The strokings, or last of a cow's milk,
Grose (1790) ; Der.'^, Lin.' n.Lin.' Afterlings [are] said to con-
tain the most butter. War. (J.R.W.) Shr.' Afterings, cf. Drip-
pings. Glo.' w.Cy. Morton Cvc/.^^nV-. (1863).
2. The surplus, remainder in a more general sense (Jam.).
Fif. The aft'rins o' a feast.
3. Fig. Outcome, results, consequences (Jam.).
Ayr. The bloody afterings of that meeting, Gillhaize, iii. 88.
[2. These are the iarfflifuiTa, afterings of Christ's suffer-
ings, Bi>. Hall Senti. (N.E.D.)]
AFTERMATH, sb. Very widely distributed in midl.,
e.An. and s. districts; but not given in gloss, of Sc. Dev.
Cor. Also written efter-math n. Yks.*; attermath Glo.'' ;
aftermeath Ken.' * [a'ft3nia)>, n. and e.Yks. e'ft3ma)j,
se.Wor. ata-, Glo. ae'ta-.] The second crop of grass which
grows after the field has been mown. Frcq. used in />/.
n. & s.Cy. Aftermaths, the pasture after the grass has been mowed,
Grose (1790). n.Yks.* Efther-math, the second mowing of grass
yielded by a field in one season. e.Yks.' w.Yks.* After-maths,
after mowings, the grass in the mcidows, that grows after the
mowing — the eddish. Stf.' n.Lin.' The grass that grows when
the hay is cut, more commonly called eddish. Lei.' Nhp.' In
strictness aftermath is the second or latter mowing; but with us
it is equally applied, whether the second crop be mown, or eaten
off the ground ; Nhp.^ War. (J.R.W.) ; War.^ Sometimes used in
wider sense. He cannot expect much aftermath now, he has had
two crops off the meadow this season. se.Wor.', Shr.', Pera.(E.D.)
Glo. There was not much h.iy this year, but the aftermath has been
good(A.B.); Glo.2,Brks.' Bck.A'. .S'lJ. (1853, ist S. viii. 102. Hrt.
Ellis Mod. Hiisb. (1750) IV. ii. 76. e.An.' Nrf. Yow can mow
the grass, ye know, and than (then) let the aftermath for .jfs^W.R.E.");
Aftermath eddish, same as aftermath. A'. & Q. (1853) ist S. viii.
239; Nrf.' The feed left on meadows after having been mown.
Suf.' Ken.' Aftermeath, the grass which grows after the first crop
has been mown for hay; called also roughings [usually called
rowens in e.Ken.]; Ken. ' Aftermeath, aftenr.owth, i.e. that which
comes and grows after the mowing. Sur.' Called also rowen.
Hmp.' Called also lattcrmath. I.W.' n.Wil. The aftermath in the
meadows beneath will not grow, Jefferies Wild Life (1879) 21 ;
The feed left on me-idows or grass-land after having been mown.
Also called lattermath, Britton Beauties (1825). w.Som.'
[After + math, OE. mil-3, a mowing; cp. G. iiialid, OUG.
mad. The word occurs in Fitzhkrbert Husbaiulry 63,
WoRLiDGE Diet. Rnsticum, Bailey (ed. 1721), Lisle Hus-
bandry (Aftermass).]
AFTERNOON, adi. Lin. Wor. Glo. Ilrt. Mid. Nrf. Sur.
Som. Dev. See below. Late in performing any work,
procrastinating ; dilatory, slow.
sw.Lin.' I call him nobbut an afternoon farmer; he got no seed in
last back-end. War.^ s.Wor.' An afternoon farmer, [one] who takes
things easily. se.Wor.' Atternone-folks, people who arc in the
habit of beginningwork late in the day. Glo. (A. B. ) Nrf.Ko.no;
he's no business man. We call him an arternune farmer (,W. R. E. ).
Hrt. In Hertfordshire we call [declining farmers] afternoon fanners,
Ellis Mod. Husb. (1750) III. ii. 4. Mid. A^. & Q. (1894) 8th S.
v. 153. Sur.' He's pretty much of an afternoon man. w.Som.'
Purty arternoon farmer, sure 'nough (s.v. Arrish). nw.Dev.'
CoUoq. The ram and snow have come too soon fora few 'afternoon
farmers,' who have not yet put in all their wheat, Standard (Nov.
28, 1889) 2, col. I. [Amer. Afternoon farmer, . . . one who pro-
crastinates, or who misses an opportunity. . . . Ii is only slang
when used figuratively apart from agricultural pursuits, Farmer.]
AFTERNOONING, sb. w.Yks. [aftanuinin.]
w.Yks.Afternooinin, refreshment between dinner and tea. Basks
Jl'kfld. ((Vs. (1865). Afternooning is still heard round Wakefield
but is rapidly becoming olrs. (W.K.)
AFT-HANKS, s/a Sh.L [aft-har)ks.] That part of a
boat where the bands come together at the stem and stern.
See Hank.
S. & Ork.'
AGAIN, pnp. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also written agaan, agean, agen, agin, agyen. See
below, [agian, agen, agi'n.] Used for against, in most
of its mod. lueanings.
I. Of position.
1. Near, beside.
n.Yks. Just ageean t'pleeacc where Ah wur bred, Broad Yks.
(1885^ 27 ; n.Yks.* ne. Yks.' Cor spot ligs agaan Helmsla. e.Yks.'
w.Yks. Nelly alwaj's sits again John (F. P.T.) ; Poor Bill, lie wur
leynd ageean t'vvall, Presion Poems, &e. (1864) 24. Lan.' Agen
th' heawse-eend wur a little cloof o' full o brids and fleawrs.
Chs.' He lives agen th' chapel ; Chs.^ Stf."' sw.Lin.' They've
taen a farm agen Eagle Hall. Rut.' Agen the hedge. Lei.' It's
close again Bosworth. Nhp. 'Tis agen the running brook. Ci are
Poe»ts{iH20) 140, ed. 1873 ; Nhp.' He lives agen me. s.War.' He
lives just agin us. Slir.' Lave that bouk agen the pump w'eer
I put it ; Shr.'' Shut 'em agen the backside o' the house. Brks.'
I left the prong over agin the staayble door. e.An.' She stood
again the door. If she stood very near the door, it would be more
correct to say ' close again,' or ' right again' ; if facing it, at some
little distance, ' over again.' Nrf. Agin our gates are all mander
o' plasant fruits, Gillett Siig. Sol. (i860) vii. 13. Cmb.' It's up
to your boot-tops in mud agin the Brick Clamp. Ken.' He lives
down de lane agin de stile. Sur.' Sus.' He lived up agin the
Church. n.Wil. Vccd yer kids agen th' shepherds' tents, Kite
Sng. Sol. (c. i860) i. 8.
2. In contact with, touching, resting against.
Nhb. When Dicky's corf was fill'ij wi' sic, He let his low and
stuck't agj'end [again it], Wilson Pitman's Pay (1843) 27. Cum.
Stand aboot int' lonnin, or lig ageann t'dykes, Dickinson Cumbr.
(1876) 6. e.Lan.' Chs.' Th' ladder were rared agen th' waw.
Lin. Aj', roob thy whiskers agean ma, Tennyson Tiresias, i&r. (1885')
Spinsters Sweet-arts; Sa I runs to the j'ard fur a lether, an' sets
'im agean the wall, ib. Owd Pod (i889\ Oxf.' 'Ee's alcn in
[leaning] agen j'our warnut tree. Dor. Did fondly lay agean your
zide His coal-black nose an' russet ear, Barnes Poems (,1863) a.
3. Opposite to.
Shr.' Oud it up agen the light an' then we shan be able to see
w'eer the faut is. Glo.'* e.An.'' Over agin the gate, opposite
the gate.
II. With V. of motion.
1. Against, in violent contact with.
Nhb.' The keel went bump agyen Jarrow, An' three o' the bullies
lap oot, Little Pee Dee. Yks. He came wi' a crack again t'chap,
Baring-Gould Oddities (1874) I. 240. e.Yks. He tummel'd ageean
t'bucket, an cut his heead, Nicholson Ftt-S/>. (1889"^! 49. w.Yks.
When one o' my mates shoved another chap ageean her, Cudworth
Dial. Si'ete/ies{i88.\)2 ; w.Yks.' He ran agaan him. ne.Lan. I geet
my yed jowled agen th' frame o' th' loom. Maimer /(/v/Zs (,1895)
317. Lan.' An then — he's hardly wit enough to keep fro runnin
again woles i' th' dayleet, Waugh Stete/ies (1857) 28. Der.'^ Oi'll
jowl thy yed agen a stoup. Not.* He joled his 'cad agen a balk.
Nhp.' They ran again me, and knocked me down. Glo. How the
rain do druv agin one! Bvckma^ Darke's Sojourn (iSgo) x. Cmb.'
When I want to write, there's alius one o' y'r a-joggling agin the
table. Snr. And then he run agin' a man at the bottom of the road
here, Jennings Field Paths (1884") 165. Sus.' He's hind leg flew
up and het agen t'other horse, Egerton Flks. and Ways (.1884)
26. I.W.* He veil agen it. Som. The wind 'twas beaten' the
drops vrom the chestnut leaves agen' my veace, Leith Letnon
F(rrA«in ( 1 895) 47. w.Som.' Ee droa-vd aup ugun dhu gcc-ut [he
drove against the gate]. Dev. The bellows banged agin' the wall,
O'Neill Idylls (iBga) a6.
2. Phr. to come, go again, to come, go to meet (see
Against, 2); to run again, to meet by chance.
s.Pein. I went again him, down so far as to the bridge. Father,
he'll come again me (E.D. ). s.Stf. I chaunctd to run agen Steve
Hodgkiss, PiNNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (.1895 5. Sur.' To run agin' any
one is to meet him.
III. Of opposition or resistance.
1. Against, m resistance to.
Sc In case mine enimie say, Thac prcvailit agaync him, Riddell
AGAIN
[24 J
AGAINST
Ps. (1857) xiii. 4. Niib.l Cum.' Ageann t'hand, inconveniently
placed, interfering with progress. w.Yks. For strength, I prayed,
to bear my wrengs, For patience agean hate, Yksman. (May 12,
1887) 295. s.Not. It's no good runnin again [in competition with]
yo (J.P.K.). Siif.^ 'A struv agin um as long as 'a could. Dor.
Why there Almighty ceare mid cast A better screen agean the
blast, Barnes Poetns (1863") 68. Som. It ain't no use a runnin'
agin the law. Palmer Mr. Trueiuaii (1895) 141. Dev. Ha gid min
power agin onclayn spurrits, Baird St. Malt. (1863; x. i.
2. Averse to, in opposition to, in depreciation of; with
obj. of person.
Sc. Deacon Clank, the white-iron smith, says, that the Govern-
ment folk are sairagane him, Scott IVavciley (i8i4)lxiii; Fortune's
been sair agane him (Jam.). Frf. She was ane o' the warst agin
me at first, Barrie Thnints (iSSg) 120, ed. 1895. Ir. Cross she
was too, if an3"thin' went agin her. Barlow Kerngaii (1894)
43. Nhb. What have ah dune that folkes sud set theirscls' again'
me, Clare Love 0/ Lass (1890) I. 72. Cum.^ Hev ye gitten owt
agean me 1 12. e.Yks. Ah dooant kno what theyr sa mitch
ageean ma for (W. H.). Lan. Th' wust witness agen hissel,
Brierley Layrock (1864) vi. Chs.' We'n nowt agen th' chap.
Der. You hanna towd us why t'other two were agen him, Cushing
Voe (1888) III. vii. sw.Lin.1 He seemed to tak' agen the child.
I've nowt agen him, but I've heard a many say a deal agen him,
Lei.^ Oi doon't knoo nothink agen 'im. Bdf. Saunders was talking
agen him. Ward Bessie Costrell (1895' 24. s.Hmp.We mustn't
go agin him, Verney L. Lisle (1870) xxii.
3. Opposed to, averse to, contrary to ; with obj. of thing.
Gall. Cleg Kelly was again ' tracks,' Crockett Siickit Min. (1893)
166. Yks. I was agin it, I was agin it — my mind misgave me,
Baring-Gould Pennyqks. (1870) 54, ed. 1890. w.Yks. It's agean
orders to tak onny passengers, but tha can come as commodore.
Hartley Sfc/s (1895) iii. Lan. We spoke up again' it, Gaskell
M. Barton (1848) ix; Awconnot tak' money fur savin' a choiit's life.
It's agen' mi conscience, Banks Manch. Man (1876) i. Chs.' I were
alius agen his goin'; Chs.^ Agen the marriage, s. Chs. 1 I'll see [say]
nowt agen that. Not. A've nowt to say agen it (L.C.M.). Lin. An'
i' the woosto'toimeslwurniver agin the raate,TENNYSON A'. /anwc?-,
OW5/)'/f(i864) St. 4. Lei. He were always again it (C.E.). Wor.
Tom's very bad to come to school, 'e's bitter agen it (H. K.).
Shr.' 'E wuz agen the weddin' altogether; Shr.2 I'm totally agen
it. e.An.' I am not for it but again it. Sur. I should like to
hear from your own lips what you've got to say agin it, Hoskyns
7rt//>(i (1857) 172.
4. In exchange for; as an equivalent for.
nXin.' I sattled his bill, an* he gev' me three an' six agean a
Eov'rin. Sur. I'll back Common Sense agin' Chemistry any day,
Hoskyns Taljia (1857) 172.
Hence, of a change of clothes : in turn with, in succession.
s.Not. Ah'll knit 'im another pair o' stockings, then 'e can wear
won again tother (J.P.K.).
5. In dealing with, as regards. [Cf 'he is a match for it.']
Hrr.2 He [watchmaker] 's a pretty good un up agin a clock. I
dunna know what a' might be agin a waatch.
6. In comparison with.
s.Not. Yo can faight a bit, but noat again our Bob (J.P.K.).
IV. Of time.
1. Before, against, by, towards.
Sc. Sicken a blythe gaedown as we had again e'en ! Scott Guy
Manneting (1815) xxii ; It'll be ready agane Saturday (Jam.).
Ir. And will you be gettin' married agin Shrovetide? Barlow
Lisconnel (1895) 24. Cum. Dalston singers come here agean Sun-
day, Anderson Ballads (1808) Nichol the Newsmonger. Lan. All
customers are expected bi seven o'clock, agen which time the beast
will be kilt, Rossendel Berf-Nect, 6. Chs.' Our pump alius maks a
nizeagen rain. s.Chs.' My leg's auvaywoss agen [on the approach
of] recn [rain]. n.Lin.'Th' herse collars is al'us as wcet as muck
ageiin raain. Nhp.' I shall be ready agen to-morrow. Shr.2 Agen
to-morrow ownder. Hrf.' I will do it agin next Sunday ; Hrf.2 He'll
come agin Christmas. GI0.2 I'll be ready agen zhip-zhearing.
Luk for't agen MT-elmas. Oxf.' I au'lus 'as a new cwut agen Wis-
suntide. Dor. An' deaisies that begun to vwold . . . Agean the
night, Barnes PocHii (1869) 14.
2. In time for, in view of, in readiness for, any future event.
Ir. All this while I had a right to be doin' me messages at
Hanlon's, and the flour and salt a-wantin' agin the supper. Barlow
Kerrigan (1894) 66. s.Ir.That the poor beast may be rested
again' the fair, Croker Leg. ( 1862) 4a. Cum. A youthfu' pair . . .
The country roun' invited Agean that day, Stagg Misc. Poems
(1805) T/ie Bridewain. w.Yks. Thah mun get mi shooin soil'd
agean to-morn o' t'neet (^E.B.). Shr.' If I start now I shall get
thcer agen the ondcr. Brks.' I hev a-got money put by agin
a raainy day. w.Som.' Mus sae-uv dhai geez gun Kuursmus [(I)
must keep those geese in preparation for Christmas].
3. Until.
w.Som.' Aay kaa-n paay ut giin Zad'urdee nait [cannot pay it
until Saturday night].
[I. 3. He stired the coles til relente gan The wex agayn
the fyr, Chaucer C. T. g. 1279 ; Than taketh the cristal
stoon ywis Agayn the sonne an hundred hewes, ib. R. Rose
1577. II. 1. Lyk betyng of the see . . . again the roches
holowe, ib. Hoiis F. 1035. III. 4. And do good ajeyn
uvel, P. Ploivman (a.) xi. 150. IV. 1, 2. Ageyn this lusty
someres tyde This mirour . . . He hath sent, Chaucer C. T.
F. 142. OE. oiigegn, cp. G. entgegen^
AGAIN, couj. and adv. Sc. Irel. and van dial, of Eng.
Not in gloss, of e.An.
A. conj.
Of future time : by the time that, before, until. (Cf.
A%a.in, prep. IV. 2.)
Nhb.' Aa'll be there agyen ye come. Dur.' Agane (i.e. the time)
he comes hame. n.Yks. Ageean I come yam [home] (I.W.).
w.Yks. Have it ready agean I come back, Hlf.x. }l'ds. s.Chs.'
I shall be theer agen yo bin started. Stf.' Again, by the time.
s.Not. That'll last yer agen I'm back ^J.P. K.). sw.Lin.' 1 got their
teas ready agen they came home. Nhp.' I shall be there agen
you come. Shr.' Mind an' 'ave the oven whot agen I come wham;
Shr. 2 Agen a mon's paid for iviry thin it taks a dhell o' money.
Glo.' I'll have it ready agen you come back. Mid. I also destroy
black beedles with a composition which I always keep with me
again it's wanted, Mayhew Loud. Labour (1864") III. 17. Wil.
Mother, cut I 'nother bit 'gin I done this, Akerman Ja'.es (1853)
30. Dev.', Cor.'
B. adv.
1. At a future time, by-and-by.
Sc. Again, at another time; used indet. This will learn ye,
again, ye young ramshackle, y??^. Z'n/toji, I. 199 (Jam.). Ir. I didn't
do it yet, but I'll do it again (G.M.H.). War.2 Shr.' I hanna got
it now, but I'll gie it yo' agen. Wei. I'll pay yah again. Wiien
will yah come then? — Oh, again [not now, next time] (W.M.M.).
s.Pera. I thought as how you'd done with'n, but I can fctcli'n again.
Not you trouble to move, I can get it again (E.D.).
2. Phr. to and again, to and fro.
s.Chs.' To an' agen. Stf.^
8. To one side ; back ; gen., esp. in phr. turn again, to
turn back.
s.Not. Ah'm tired, granfaylher, let's turn agen. Auve again,
Oieet again. Come again, and Gee again, various commands to the
horse to turn either to the right or the left. [Within the last few
years] ' gee again ' has been replaced by ' gee back' (J.P.K.). [Turn
again, Whittington, thrice Lord Mayor of London! Pop. Tale.']
4. Of reciprocal action : in return, back. Hencein inten-
sive sense (cf 'to ring again ').
Nhb. She aye gives ye tweyce as gude aghayn, Bewick Howdy
(1850) 12. w.Yks. It fair dithered ageean (.lE.B.). Der.' He
snored again. Lei.' A let 'im 'ave it loike nothink agen [he gave
him a sound thrashing].
5. Conip. Again-call, to revoke (Jam.) ; -calling, recall ;
Agane-say, to recall (Jam.); -wards, towards ; -ways, by
the roadside.
S. &Ork.' Sc. Again-calling, recall, revocation (Jam.). n.Yks.2
It flew ageeanwards o' me [to the place where I was standing].
[Agenward,back again, Coles Eng. Diet. (1677).] n.Yks.^Ageean-
ways, by or against the roadside.
[A. His cap and pantofles ready . . . And a candle again
}'ou rise, Massinger City Madam (1632) in. i. ME.
Ajeyn this cachereles conieth, Pol. S. 151. Cp. the use of
ajeines in P. Ploivman : Ajeines thi greynes . . . bigynneth
for to ripe, b. xix. 314. B. 1. I will not again curse the
ground any more for man's sake, Bible Cen. viii. 21. 2. To
and again, i.e. to and fro ; see Aittobiog. of Sir S. D'Ewes
II- 353 (Nares). 3. Nay, come again, Good Kate, I am a
gentleman, Shaks. T. S/ireiv 11. i. 217. 5. Ane amerciament
of ane fals dome againe said in the Justitiars court, is ten
pounds, Skene (N.E.D.).]
AGAINST, prep, and con/. Freq. in Som. Dev. Cor. ;
occas. in other counties (see below), but usually replaced
by again, q.v. [agins, sginst.]
AG AIRY
f25]
AGATE
A. pref).
1. Near, beside.
Not.' V'ou sit against me.
2. In a contrary direction to ; hence, to go towards, to
meet.
w.Som.i A young man spcakinp; of a young woman said : Aay
waint ugins ur [I went to muct her]. Dev. I am going out against
liim, Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Jane is late home tii-night . . .
I wish, Jimmy, yQ'd go against her! 'Tez gitting dark; us 'ad
better go aginst Jenny, or 'er'll be a skeard out ov 'er Hfc, IIkwett
Peas. Sp. (1892"! ; Tom Wlieeilon was sent against me with a liorse,
O'Neill Idylls (1892) 21. nw.Dev.' As 1 waz komin' back-alung,
I zccd min komin' aginst ma.
3. To go against, to inform against.
Dev. Squire Stephens tanned Dick Carter last night up tQ tha
Cat and Kiddle, and I be summoned tu-day tQ go against un,
Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892).
4. In exchange for ; in paj'ment ot.
Dev. Silver against a guinea, Grose (1790') MS. add. (C.) ; I
wanted that money bad enough to go against the boys' boots,
O'Neill Idylls (1892'. 40.
Hence, of a change of clothes : in succession, in turn with.
s.Not. I shan't let him wear his (lannel shirt till I've made him
anotiier to wear against it (J.P.K.).
5. In competition with ; compared with.
s.Not. I'll mow an acre against any man in the place (J.P.K.).
Dev. Young against him, Grose (1790) M.S. add. \C.)
6. Of time : before, near the time of.
e.An.' Close against thunder; i.e. thunder is in the air. Cor.^
I'm h.-ippy against my birthday. As dazed as a duck against [on
hearing] thunder.
7. In readiness for, in time for.
w.Yks. I'll goagainst Sunday (J. T.\ Som. One of the puddings
kept over from Christmas against sheep-shearing, R.\ymqnd Cent,
i'pwtl (lags') 60.
B. coiij. By the time that (of past or future time).
Dev. Against she had finished her broth, all the items were
packed away in her head, O'Neill Idylls (1892' 9; Against I got
there it was night, Grose '1790) MS. add. (C.) nw.Dev.' You
waan't ha' lime vor do't, I tell ee ; 'ginst you've had dinner, twull
be time vor go home again.
[A. 1. Against the Capitol I met a lion, Sii.nks. ./. Cacs. i.
iii. 20; Against this fire do I shrink up, ib. K. Juliii, v. vii.
33. 2. Agayns his doghter hastilicli gotli he, Cii.\ucer
C T. E. 911. 4. And do good ajeincs yvel god hymself it
hoteth, P. Plowman (b.) x. 199. 5. llir paroch-prest nis
but a beest Ayens me and my comiinny, R. Rose, 6875.
6. The whyte swan Ayeins his dccth bcgynnyth for to
synge, Cuwcek Leg. G. IV. 1356. 7. Against this coming
end you should prepare, Sii.nks. Son. 33. B. Uiijah the
priest made it against king Ahaz came from Damascus,
Bible 2 Kings xvi. 11 ; I'll charm his eyes against she do
appear, Suaks. M. N. D. hi. ii. 99. Against, M E. aieinst {in
P. Ploicntan), a development with a parasitic / of ajeins,
ajeines, formed from aMin ("gni", q-v.) with the adw gen.
ending -cs.]
AGAlRY.ai/v. Or. I. [sgeri.]
S. & Ork.' To go a-gaairy, to leave one's service before the term-
day.
AGALD, see Haggle.
AGAR, adj. Cor. [ae'go'r).] Ugly.
Cor.' 2 [Cornish, hager, uglv, foul, naughlv. fierce (Rogers).]
AGAR, ;■///. Obs. ? De\'. A form of oath.
n.Dcv. No agar. zej'S I, vor th'art too ugly to be made a pretty
vclla, E.V)n. Cttshp. ( 1 746 1 1. 350 ; There are so many forms of the
I'xclamation B3' God! that Agar is quite likely to be still in use.
The forms generally heard at the present day arc Begar ! licgur !
Begor! Bcgorz ! ' R.P.Ci
AGARIFIED, /■/>/. «((>■. Siif [agarifaid.] I laving ague.
Suf. Hay be heard frequently. Rather, every one knows it and
uses it at times iF. H.).
AGAST, ppt. adj. Irel. Soni. Dev. Also written egast
Wxf; ageest, agest, agush'd Dov. [aga s tl, agis^t).]
Terrified, afraid.
Wxf ' Egast, fear. Egasted, frightened. w.Som.' I be agast
'bout they there mangle ; I ver'ly blcive the grub'l ate every one
o'm. n.Dev. Agcst, terrified, GuosE 1^1790') MS. add. (^C) ; Cham
agest hare'U dra en into a piomish wone dey or wothcr, E.\m.
VOL I.
Crtshp. (174611. 584; OGraccy! I be all ageest, RocK /id; rt)i' AV//
(1867) 15; Agush'd and Gush'd, for agasted, dismayed, Gkose
(1790 MS. add. (II.) Dev.3 Agushcd, confounded with fear.
|This is a common w'ord in ME. But thei weren aUraicd
and agast and gessiden hem to se a spirit, Wyclif (1388)
Luke xxiv. 37 ; No how the ground agast was of the light,
Cn.\LXER C. T. A. 2931. Agast is the pp. of ME. agaslen,
to terrify (found in /'. P/oii'inan), agesten (in Ancreii liiwle).
OE. a- ipref.^) -I gdslan, to frighten.]
AGASTMENT, sh. Dev. [agas-stment.] Also in the
form agushment. .Sudden terror.
Dev. Grose I 17901 jl/5. add. l,H.) ; Dev.^ Agushment, consterna-
tion. Agastment, terror.
[This terror and agastment, Nashe (1594) (N.E.D.).
Agast (see above) -f -we;;/.]
AGATE, sb. War. Oxf. Brks. Mid. Som. [aegat.]
The best kind of playing marble, made of glass with
variegated colours.
War. Now 0^5., but in occas. use about thirty' j"ears ago (W.S. n.\
Oxf.' MS. add. Brks. ' M.J.B.) Mid. Aggy marbles were known
round Hammersmith some years ago F.W.L.;. Som. ^H. G.I
AGATE, adv. Sc. and all the n. counties to w.Lin.
n.Shr. ; also in Not. War. Won Glo. Cor. Also written
agaitSc. n.Yks.' w.Yks.' ne.Yks.'Lan. Lin.': agyetMib.';
ageatCum.^; ageattCum.'; agaate Yks. n.Lin.'; ageeat
e.Yks.' [age-t Nhb. Cum. Wm., also agiat. Besides age t
there also occur agiat in the n. and e., and agea t in
w.Yks. ; s.Chs. agye't.]
1. On the way, afoot, astir, going about (as opposed to
lying down, confined to house or bed). To gang agate, to
go on the way, make one's way, proceed.
Sc. Agait, on the way or road. Ye're air agait the day (Jam.).
N.Cy.'° I am agate. Nhb.' Aa's pleased to see ye agate agyen.
Cuni.'2 Wm.' Aa's glad to see em ageeat agen. [Also] set
loose, as a horse in pasture. n.Yks. Let's gang agait into t'ficld,
Robinson Sng. Sol. 1 1860) vii. 11 ; n.Yks.' Thou's early agate this
morning. m.Yks.' He's always agate. w.Yks. She wor owlus
ageeat, BLACKAnPofws 1867I 37. ne.Lan.' Chs. I am agate (K.);
Chs.' Is Jim at work yet? — Oh, aye! he's gotten agate again;
Chs.^ Sometimes when you ask after a sick pci-son you arc told
' He's agate again ' ; s.Chs.' Not.^ He's been laid up for weeks,
but he's agate again. Lin. How the doctor switched Bob Robinson
for s.-iying he'd been agate early, Fenn DUk o the Feus : 1888) viii.
s.Wor.' Glo. Agate, moving, occurring, Baylis/3;Vi/. v 1870 ; Glo.'
Cor.' c All agate, descriptive of earnest attention ; :t'. Agait, very
attentive, earnest ; Cor.^AlI agate, full of expectation, all eye and
ear, on the qtti vive.
2. Said of disease or the like: going about, prevalent.
Lan. 'Ihcrc's a deal of mourning agait, Gaskell M. Ilaitoii ,1848)
XXV. w.Wor.' Thahr's a dill o' fevers agate this 'ot weather.
3. Of a machine or the like : going, in motion, in action.
w.Yks. Wen th' railwaj- gets fairly agait, Ilauvrl/i Railway \ 1867)
7, ed. 1886; Captain sooin hed wun squirt agate pl.aying at t'glass
winder, Piidsey Oliii. (1887) 20 ; w.Yks.^ T'bells is agate [ringing].
Lan. Gooin intu o Factri, wi o stcym ingun ogate sumwheer, Sam
Sondkiwcker, 14. s.Ctis.' Is the machine agate yet ? Slf.* n.Lin.
When's auven notauven? — When she's agaate. Peacock Talesand
Rhymes (1886) 120.
4. Of an operation, process, business, affair : going on,
about.
Nhb. What for sud ye gan, lad ! . . . What's agate ? Clare Love of
I.assi 1890) I. 124. w.Yks. There is naught agate that fits women
to be consarned in, Buonie Shiitey ^1849", xviii ; w.Yks.* The
washing is agate ; w.Yks.^ The business is agate. Lan. Sin they'rn
so mich sodiering ogate, Or.mekod Felley fro' Raihde ,1864)1;
What h.ive they agate at th' owd mill ! Waugh Besom Ben ,1865) i.
Chs.^ At the lime of the last comet's appearance some one
observed ' There's a comet agate.' s.Chs.' I've gotten my hce [hay]
agate yet. Stf.* Der. We have brewing .a-gate. washing a-gate,
GnoSEi 1790 .1/5. add. J'.) Not.^ What have they got agate now?
Ew.Lin.' It W.1S a long lime agate, but he got master on it at last.
War.* Wor. It's bin agate a longtime II. K.). w.Wor. Thur
be summat agate, S. Beai.'C1Ia.mi> Giaiilley Grange {,l&-]^) II. 162.
se.Wor.' What's agate now ? s.Wor.', Glo.'
5. Started, set to work ; to get agate, to begin ; to set ai-a'e
iL'i', to start with, get on with ; to set one agate, to start him,
set him on ; to be agate o' or on. to tease, plague, assault ;
tu be, go, lake, agate, go agate ivitli, to accompany.
AGATE
[26]
AGENT
Yks. If ah wunce git agaiit at it, ah can ^00 a-'ead. Get agate
o* your dinner, child ^F. P.T.). n.Yks.^ l'hey"\'e gotten fairly
agate; n.Yks.^ Get ageeat \vi' your job. ne.Yks.^ TlicyVe gitten
ageeat wi' pleewing. e.Yks. Let's get ageeat on't, Nicholson
Flk-Sp. (1889'; 50. w.Yks. It'scasycniiffto ramble after 30've once
started, but its this gettin' agate 'at's soa micli trouble, Hartley
Biirfget {i8-j i) 125; w.Yks.' m Lan.' Iv he were to tek a lass
agate when hoo were gooin* hooam, an' he coom to a gate, id
wod be for him to ged agate o' oppcnin' th.ad gate. s.Chs.*
There'll be noo stoppin thee, naj tha't gotten agate. s.Not. As
soon as the fire got agate, it blazed up summat fearful (J.P. K.').
Not.' 2 Lin.' I am going to get agate my work. sw.Lin.' I didn't
get agate my work while noon. Shr.' Yo can get agate o' that
job, as soon as yo'n a mind. Cum. I set him ageat, Richardson
Tali: I 1886) 2nd S. 33 ; Cum.^ Whatever schemes yel set ageeat
'ill widder, Wm.' I'ha set oop a hullybaloo an set t'horse ageeat.
ne.Yks.' He'll set 'em all agate. ra.Yks.' He was set agate of it.
Lan. Betty set ogate o scrikin 'Murder!' Laiiee Ozfci Yeni, 8;
Th' injin set agate o' goin, U'li/dcr Bn^s/iii:v's Tiip{c. i860') 7 ; You
can find him something to do, Jim?— Oh ay, I'll set him agate,
Westall /?;>(■/; /).•;«( I B89) I. 303. ns.Lan.' Stf.^ Der. To set
anything a-gate, is to begin it, or set it a-going, Grose (1790) MS.
add. (P.); Der.' Not.^ Set him agate with the vveeding o' that plot.
m.Yks.' He's been agate o' him again. w.Yks. Awlus agaate o'
sumbod3', Banks Whjld. I'l'ds. (.lE^o) ; A child will come crying to
its mother and say somebody has 'been agate on him,' Yks. Mag.
( 187 1 1 1. 30; w.Yks.^ Agaat onhis poor wife agean ! [beating her].
Lan.' Mother, aar Jem's agate on me. e.Laa.' The boys are agate
of one another [teasing one another]. Chs.' Oo's [she is] alius
agate o' me. Sf.^ 'Er's got a temper like a rcd-'ot iron, 'er's agate
o' iverybody. e.Lan.' I went agate with my friend [I went a part
of the way with him]. Chs,2 I have been agate a woman [direct-
ing her in the road].
6. Of a person : going on with work, busy, occupied, en-
gaged upon.
Wm. T'ncbbers hard him agaet wi his screcapin' (t'flddle").
Spec. Dial. (1880) pt. ii. 45. n.Yks. To watch us all agaat, Munuy
J-V>-ifS ( 1 865 I 65. ne.Yks.' Ah's kept agate. e.Yks.' He's ageeat
on a theakin job. w.Yks.' What's 'to agait on ? w.Yks.^ Who's
been agate o' this? Lan. Get fori'ard Vv'i what thae'rt agate on just
now, Waugii Besom Ben (1865) viii ; Aw went an wur soon at
th' Potteries, an ogatc, Abrnni o' Flap's Quoitiii (1886) 12. ne.Lan.
Yo'd nobbud been agate seven-teen year, Mather Idylls (1895)
331. Chs.s lam agate a new cart. Stf.^ Kot.^ He's agate of a fresh
job nov/. n.Lin.' All's gooin' on reight ; she's hed twins and is
agaate yit. When he's agaate on oht noht'll stop liim. w.Wor.'
Owd Jem's agate now uv 'is taay'ls ; thahr'U be no stoppin' un.
Shr.' Whad ban jo bin agate on !
7. Wlieti used with a gerund, with or witliout o', it is
almost otiose, or indicates continuance of action.
Yks. Tliis set ma agate a roaring agean, Cinns Tout Wallop
(1861) 4 ; They kept me agate leaching other folk, Taylor Miss
Miles (1B90) i. n.Yks.= It keeps ageeat coming. ra.Yks.' lie's
agate o' breaking sticks. w.Yks. Men are agate making new
limmers, Lucas Stud. Nidderdalc (c. 1882) v; w.Yks.' He then
gat agait o' fabbin me, ii. 293. Lan. They were'n olcz agate o'
fcightin, Wal-oii Chiiiiu. Conicy (iS-j^) i3,ed. 1879; 'At set mi e'en
agate a runnin', Lnit. Stigs. (1C67) 11; I hope thou'rt not got
agate of meeting-going, Fotiiergill Fiohatioii (,1879) vi. s.Lan.
Anoetherloyme,when av/re agatefcyghtin.BAMFoRD /r(i/fo(i844)
The Travcilcr. e.Lan.' We are now agate of working. It keeps
agate of raining. Clis. Bill agate o' 'ammering the last nail,
'Wardurton Hunting Siigs. (i860) 91 ; Her father treated her
mother very cruelly ; he did not beat her, but was always 'agate'
calling her. ^//;»(f//. G»rj)rf. (Apr.24, 1895^; Chs.' y\gateo' thrash in.
If tha'lt git agate 0' getting ait a bit, tha'l git better; Chs.2 He is
agate marling, or ploughing. s.Chs.' Agate o' mowin'. De.-. I was
agate o goin' to Ycwdle Brig, Gushing Fof (1888) I. ix. s.Not.
I'hey've got agate o' mekking parafthl artificially (J.P.K.\ Lin.
She'd keep one man agate o' mendin' creddles. Peacock R.S/;iilaiigh
(1870 , ii ; To get a-gait o' coughing, Stkeatkield Lin. and Danes
(1884 ) 315. Bw.Lin.' They've gotten agate a-reapeiing.
8. Apace, briskly.
N.Cy.' The fire burns agate.
9. ^i,i.'(.'/c o' (?), along of, in course of, by reason o^.
I.Ma. Child screwed agate o the tcetliin', Browne Tl:e Doctor
('887J 4.
[A-, on+ f;ate, way, path, road; Oti. gala; see Gate.
Some of the mills . . . were set on gate by reason the
streams were so hugclic augmented, IIolinshed (N.E.D.).
ME. He dijt him deliverly and dcde him on gate, IVui. of
Pal. 1 119]
AGATE-WARDS, adv. n.Cy. Yks. Der. Not. Lin. Also
written agateurse n.Lin.', &c. [agetadz, sgeatsdz,
age taz.] On the way towards home ; to ga)is; agatewards
ivit/i any one, to accompany part of the way home.
n.Cy. I will set you agates, or agateward, I will accompanj-you
part of the Vpfay, Grose (1790). w.Yks. To go a gatewards was
to conduct a guest towards the high-road, the last office of
hospitality, necessary both for guidance and protection, when
the highway lay across an uninclosed and trackless country, amidst
woods and morasses, Hlf.x. Jl'ds.; w.Yks.' I gangs agaitards wi
him ; w.Yks.'' To go agatewards with any one is to go part of
his way home. Der. Let's gang agate'ards [go home] (tl.R ).
nw.Dcr.' Agatart [ugyai'turt]. Not.^ It's time I were getting
agatesward. To go agatesward or agatehousing [agatessing] is to
go part of the way home with a friend. Lin.' nLin.' If thoo'll
nobbut waait a bit I'll go agateus wi' thee o' th' waay hoiim.
[Agate + -ivard, with -s, -es the adv. gen. suffix, as in
towards. In agatesivard this adverbial s is transposed.]
AGE, V. Var. dial. Not given in any s. gloss, except
w.Som.' [edg, w.Som. eadg.J To show signs of age, to
look old ; to cause one to seem old.
n.Cy. He begins to age, Grose (1790) MS. add. (P.') Nhb.',
Dur.', Cum.' e.Yks.' To show signs of the infirmities of old age.
w.Yks.' My daam ages fast. Chs.' He's agein' very fast. Stf.'-
Der.- He ages fast. Not.', n.Lin.' Lei.' It's eeged 'im very
sadly, his loosin' on 'er. Nhp. 'He ages apace, i e. looks older in
a short space of time. War.' 2 Shr.' The maister's beginnin' to
age oncommon fast, an' 'c inna whad j-o' met'n call so owd, about
fifty, or fifty sa'one. Brks.' Mother's a-bin aaygin vast laaytely
ater her cawld at Kursmas. e.An.' To grow old, to assume the
appearance of age. Suf., Nrf., e.Sus. He ages very much, that is,
he grows old very fast, Hollovvay'. w.Som.' Siinz iJz wuyv duyd,
ee du ae'ujce maa'ynlee [since his wife died he ages mainly].
I was a friglitencd to zee how the old man d'agy.
AGEE, adj. and adv. Sc. Irel. and the n. counties to
Lan. and Lin. ; also Dev. Also written agye n.Cy. Wm.' ;
ajee Sc. Yks.'^^ Lan. ; ajy Wm. & Cum.' [adgi'.]
1. Crooked, uneven, awry.
Sc. His nose aye lay On's cheek a-jee, Drusimond Mnchoinaehy
(1846) 40; Heaven kens that the best-laid schemes will gang
ajee, Scott S/./^o/'n;; (1824). x. Inv.Agee, oil' the straight (H.E.F.).
Rxb. His hat was set awee ajee, Riddell Poet. Wis, (cd. 1871)
I. 8g. N.I.' n.Cy. To look agye, to look aside, Grose (1790);
Holloway ; N.Cy.' It went all agee. Niib.' Hae ye seen my
Jocker, comin' up the quay, Wiv his short blue jacket, and his
hat agee? Nunn (</. i853)yoi/'cr. Dur.' Cum. Wardle's[world]
sadly gean ajy, Gwordie Greenup Yance a Year (1873) 27 ; Aa's
war'nt ta things'll nit be sa far ajye cfter o', Dickinson Joe and
Geol. (1866) suppl. 4 ; The parson' wig stuid aw ajy, Anderson
Ballads (1808) IJ'orton IVcdding. Wm. It mud a bin o' a jie, fer
it tuminalt slap ower a top et fiewer reet afooar ma, Spec. Dial.
(1885) pt. iii. 5. Wm. & Cum.' Our lot of leyfe's not far a-jy, Stagg
Nejv Year's Epistle, 159. Wm.' Yeeat lungs agye. Yks. ' To look
agye,' to look awry, to look on one side (K.\ n.Yks.' It was all
a.gee, quite crooked ; n.Yks. ^^, e.Yks.', m.Yks.' w.Yks. When
you've missed attending to things two or three times they go agee
(F.P.T.V n.Lan. T'ian's strcit, an t'udar's not far sjai (W.S.).
ne.Lan.', n.Lin ', Dev.' [Amer. To ha\'e one's iiat ajee, Barti.ett'.]
2. Of a door or gate : half-open, ajar.
Ayr. But warily tent, when ye come to court me. And come na
unless the back-yett be a-jee. Burns Whistle, and I'll conte to you.
Edb. When the door was pat ajee, Moir Mansie ll'auch (1828) x.
Wm ' .Set t'dure agee. w.Yks. 2** Lan.' Tint dur ; its ajee.
8. Of mental states : agitated, disturbed, slightly deranged.
Sc. It is sometimes applied to the mind, as expressive of some
degree of derangement. His brain was awee agee, but he was
a braw preacher tor a' that (Jam.). Lan.' An' when aw meet wi
my bonny lass, It sets my heart ajee, Waugh S"^i'. (1859) Siveel-
hcai t Gate.
[A-, on +gee. Cp. the gee! or jee! of a wagoner calling to
his horse to move to one side. Hence the primary sense
of agcc, on one side.]
AGENT, V. Sc. [e'd/^ant.] To manage, whether in a
court of law, or by interest, &c. (Jam.)
Sc. I'll employ my ain man o' business to agent Eflie's plea,
Scon Midlothian (1818) xii ; The Duke was carefully solicited to
agent this weighty business, Baillie, I. 9 (Jam.).
ACER
[27]
AGIVE
[/Igcit/, sb. (in the Sc. sense cf a solicitor for the Court
of Session or other courts), used as v.]
AGER, see Eagre.
AGEREVER, sb. Obs.} Cor. A fish-name ; the Pollack.
Cor.^ In common use with the fishermen of St. Michael's Mount
and Marazion.
AGESOME, (rrf/. Olis.} Sur. Elderly.
Sur. I should say he's sonicwiiat agcrsomc. N. & O. (1883^ 6th
S. vii. 165 ; Sur.' (Quoting the above, adds] I have never heard the
word in tliis part of Surrey.
AGEST, sec Agast.
AGETHER, adv. Obsol. Irel. To.qiethcr.
Ir. Agcther is becoming obsolete; hardly ever used by the
peasantry (S. A. B.). Wxf.>
[OE. oiigeador, together (in Deoivitif).']
AGO, sb. Sh. I. [ag.]
(i) S. & Ork.' A short breach of the sea. (s") Sh.I. A collection
of light floating articles, such as morsels of straw, scraps of sea-
weed, <S:c. , found drifting between the string of the tide and the
backvi'ash from the shore ; usually met with on a calm day or
when there is a slight swell (I\.I.).
AGGERHEADS, si.//. Yks. [a'gariadz.] Loggerheads.
m.Yks.i
Hence Aggerheaded, adj.
w.Yks.2 ' lie's an aggerheaded fellow' means he is a dull, stupid
fell o w.
AGGL, :;. Sh. I. [a'gl.] To soil, to defile.
S. &Ork.'
AGGUCKS, sb. Sh. I. [a'guks.] A kind of fish, the
same as awmucks.
S. & Ork.l
AGHENDOLE, see Eightindole.
AGHT, see Out.
AGIF, coiij. e.Yks. [agi'f.] As if; although.
e.Yks. It was twenty year last Cannlcnias, bud Ah mind it like as
agif it was nobbut yistliada, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889) 96 ; e Yks.'
He ramped as-a-gif he was mad. Ah likes a bit o' fun agif Ah is
awd, MS. add. (WH.)
[A: all +.i;7/(OE. gif) if; see Algif.]
AGIG, ddj. Glo. " Sec Gig. [agig.J
Glo. Agig, giggling, e-xcitcd i_F. H.); Used by school-children
when racing with one another. He's getting agig [getting first or
foremost] (S.S.B ).
AGIN, coiij. Yks. and n.Lan. [agi'n.] As if. See Gin.
n.Yks.'; n.Yks.^ It Icuk'd agin it was asleep. m.Yks.' w.Yks.'
I can tell agin't wor 3'ustcrday, sin thou hed as nice a long waist
as onnybody, ii. 297. ne Lan.'
[A-, all+^/H, if, prob. a contraction o( gie'n, given, i.e.
granted.]
AGIST, sb. Yks. Lan. Der. Not. Lin. War. Suf Not
in Sc. gloss. Also written gist, jeist, joist (see below).
[dgaist, dgais, Lan. Lin. Der. also dzoist.] Pasturage let
out during the summer lor cattle at a lixed price per head.
Also used adjectivally.
Yks. Gisk [sjc], pasturage, Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863). n Yks.''
Gist money, the payment for pasturage of cattle that are agisted,
or fed at a stipulated price. ne.Lan.' Gist [cattle], cattle taken
in to depasture at a stipulated price. Der.'^ Joist.a cow's summer
eating. Not He takes in a lot of joist beast (L.C.M.); Not.^
Joist, agistment, sw Lin.* We've a lot of jeist beast down here
now. War. Joist (J.R.W.). Suf. Joist cattle, Cullum Uiil.
Haivslcd (\Qi-i) 140.
[Sec Agist, I'.]
AGIST, V. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Der. Not. Lin. Rut.
Lei. Nhp. w.Cy. Also, by aphaeresis, gist, joist, &.c.\
see below. To receive cattle to graze for a fixed sum ; to
put out cattle to pasture. (The same as Tack, q.v.)
w.Yks.* Jiste, to feed cattle for hire. Ajist, to take cattle in
to pasture for hire ; w.Yks.* Jiste, to 'agist' or feed cattle for
hire : used chiefly in the participle * jisting.' e.Yks.^ Ajist, to
rent a right of pasturage. Joyce, to agist, or pasture cattle at so
much per head. Lan. Joyst, to summer grass feed ; to let out for
another's stock, Morto.n Cyclo. Agric. (1863); Lan.' Gisc, Gist.
ne.Lan.' Gise, Gist, to pasture cattle on hire. Der. Them two
sheep as is in the croft to joist, Vernky Slone Kdge (1868) ii.
Not To joist, to take in cattle to feed for liirc, Bailey (1721);
Not.'3 Agist. Lin. Each agists his cow at is. 6d. per week, .,•/(/>;.
Agik. (,1784-1815) ; Lin.' Joist, agist, or to hire for a season
certain pasturage for feeding cattle. n.Lin.' Giste. They are forced
to sell their heeders, and joist their sheeders in the spring, VouNG
/,/;/. ^^^/Vr. ( 1 799) 325. sw.Lin,' They tak' in bca^t to joist. We've
joisted them out by t)ie Trent. Rut.' It's on'y some ship [i.e.
sheep] he's got a joisting. Lei.' Joist, to take or send in to ' ley '
or 'tack.' Nhp. ' Joist. The word is still in everyday use, and
is a Nhp. word of some two centuries standing. w.Cy. To joist,
Lisle Husbandry (1757^
Hence Agisted, ppl. adj.
Cum. Joistcrcd, pastured, Linton Lake Cy. (1864'^ 306. Wm.
Cattle maj' be kept through the months of summer upon joisted
fields at a cheap rate, ylgric. Stiii: (1703 1813'.
[To agist signifies to take in and feed the cattle of
strangers in the King's forest, and to take money for
the same, B.mley (1721); To take in and feed cattel of
strangers in the King's forest, and to gather the money
due for the same for the King's use, Blou.nt i 1681) ; Glan-
dagcr Ics porcnnix, to agist, or laj", swine in masty woods,
CoTGR. OFr. agis/cr, to lodge, to make to lie, a + gisUr,
Rom. jaci/aie (deriv. of Lat. jaccre, to lie), cp. Fr. gilcr:
avoir sou gi/,\ on lieu oil ton troiive a conclicr, Hatzi-eld.
The following illustrations of the aphetic forms maj' be also
quoted : To gisc ground, is when the owner docs not feed
it with his own stock, but takes in other cattle to graze in
it, B.MLEY (1721); To gise or juice ground, is when the
lord or tenant feeds it not with his own stock, but takes
in other cattel to agist or feed it (K.) ; To joist or jeist
horses, i. e. cqtios alicnos ccrlo cl condicio pirlio inpnsciiis snis
aloe, vox agro Line, xisitcitissiina, Ski.nner (1671) Ddd 2.]
AGISTER, 5*. Yks. Not. Lei. Nhp. Hmp. Also written
joister Nhp.'^ &c. [ad3oista(r), Yks. adgai'sta r).] An
animal fed by ' agisting.'
w.Yks.3 Jistcr, tlie animal so fed [i. e. by agistment]. KoL lie's
got no stock of his own, only joisters (L.C.M.). LeL' Joislcr, an
animal taken or sent in to joist. Nhp.*
[.•7^/5/, vb.-f-cr. This word seems to occur only in the
dialects. It should be distinguished from agister, AFr.
agistoiir, an officer of the roj'al forests who takes charge
of cattle agisted.]
AGISTING, .si. n.Cy. Lan. Rut. War. P,y aphaeresis
gisting Nhb.' «S;c. See below, [sdgaistin, adgoistin.]
1. The pasturage or ' keep' (q.v.) of cattle put out to graze.
N.Cy.' Gisting, pasturage of cattle, in some places Giscment.
Nlib.' Gisting, the agistment of cattle {obs.). w.Yks.5 The 'gisting-
daj'is the day whereon pasture-owners have agreed to take in cattle
at a stipulated price per head to feed. The times of agistment arc
advertized in the local papers by some of the principal landowners
in the ncighbouiiiood. Lan.' Gistin. ne.Lan.' Gisting. 8. War.'
What must I p.iy for l-.is joisting !
2. Paj'ment for pasturage.
Rut.' Ajoisting. a pa3mcnt for feeding and dep.istiiring of cattle.
AGISTMENT, sb. Yks. Lnn. War. Hmp. Wil. Also
written egistmcnts Ray. [adgistment] '1 he Iccdingof
cattle at a fixed rate ; pasturage ; the right of herbage ; a
tithe. (In the two latter senses, a legal term.)
N.Cy.' The tithe due for profit made by such gisting, where neither
the land nor llic cattle otherwise p.ny anything, [is] agistment.
w.Yks. Agistment, Trvston Park.— Gaits to let for cows at £s each,
from H.ay 13th to November ist, 1889. (lood water and shelter.
Excellent grass, Advl. in Leeds Men. (M.iy 4, 1889 . e.Yks.'
Ajistmcnt, a right of herbage. ne.Lan.' Tlie feeding of cattle in
a common pasture for a stipulated price. War. (J.R.W.) s.Cy.
Egistmcnts. cattle taken in to graze, by week or month, Ravi 1691).
Hmp.' Wil. Agistment, the taking in of cattle to keep bj- the
week or month. D.wis Ai^rir. (1813'.
(Giscment la contraction of Agistment), foreign cattle so
taken in to be kept by the week, Bailey (1721) ; Agist-
mentjAgistage, tlic function of takingcattle into the King's
forest, lite., the herbage or feeding of cattle in a forest,
common, &c., ib. ; Egistmcnts (agistments), cattle taken in
to graze, or be fed by the week or mouth, Worlipge
Syst. Agrie. (1681) ; Glandage . . . th' agistment or laying
of swine into mastic woods, Cotgr. OFr. agisleinent, deriv.
of agister.]
AGIVE, I'. Dcv. [sgi v.] To be pliant, yielding. See
Give.
Dev,-^ The frost agi\cs.
AGLE
[28J
AGREAT
[That they [hops] may cool, agive, and toughen, Wor-
lidge5v5/. J4^;7f. (1681). OE-agifan, to give up, to yield.]
AGLE, see Aigle, sb.'^
A-GLEG, adj. n.Yks. [agle'g.] Asquint.
n.Yks.2
AGLET, sh. Sc. Cum. Yks. I.W. Also written yiglet
Cum., aiglet Sc. (Jam.) [a'glst, eglat.]
1. The metal end or tag of a bootlace, &c. (Cf. aiglet, sb.'^)
Sc. Aiglet, a tagged point (Jam.). Cum.^ Aglet, the metal end of
a bootlace, c&c. n.Yks.^ To an aglet, to a nicety, to a tittle. It fits
to an aglet.
2. An icicle.
I.W. Haglet, an icicle (J.D.R.^) ; I.W.2
[Aglette, hracteohtm, Levins Mniiip. ; Affiqml, a little
brooch, llower, button, aglet, Cotgr. ; An aglet [tag of
a point], Aeraincntinn tigiilae; also, an aglet [a little plate
of metal], hracka, bractcola. Coles ; Aglet, the tag of a point,
a little plate of metal ; also a substance grovying out of
some trees before the leaves, B.mley (1721). Fr. aigiiilliile,
a point (Cotgr.), dimin. of aiguille, a needle ; see Aigle.]
AGLEY, adv. Sc. Nhb. Cum. n.Yks. Also written
aglee Sc. [sglr.]
1. Obliquely, aslant, turned to one side.
Sc. Let faction gang fairmacst and right gang aglce. The People
(June 16, 1889) 13, c. 3; Why sud I be like til ane wha gangs
agley fiae the hirsels 0' thy frien's ? Henderson 5;/^. Sol. (1862)
i. 7 ; Whare has thy belovet gane agley? ib.v't. i. Lth. Yet bunkers
aften send aglee, Altho' they weel did ettle, Strathesk More Bits
(1885) Curler's Song, 2■].^. Ayr. The best-laid schemes o" mice
an' men Gang aft a-gley, Burns 7o (7 il/o((S(? (1785). N.Cy.' Nhb.
His neet-cap thrawn on all aglee, Wilson Pitinnii's Pay (1843)
46 ; Nowt holy ye can find in hor, she's bewty g'yen aglee, Robson
Evangeline, &e. (1870) 361. Nhb.i Cura.^ Sae fine she goes, sae
far aglee, That folks she kenned she cannotsee, BlamirePoc/. JVks.
(1842) 192.
2. 7o^rt;;^ff^/(y',to err, go wrong. Used in a moral sense
(Jam.).
Rnf. We haena mcnse like cruel man ; Yet tho' he's paukicr far than
we. What reck ! he gangs as aft aglee, Picken Poems (178B) I. 67.
[A-, on +glcv ; see Gley, v. (to squint).]
AGNAIL,//). n.Cy. Lan. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. Nrf Cor.
Also called angnail, angernail, hangnail, nangnail,
gnangnail. See below, [agnel, a'rjnel, narjnel, Yks.
ner)nel.] See Nangnail.
1. A loose piece of skin at tlie base of the finger-nail. With
great variety of names in tlie dialects, e.g. backfriend, step-
motlier's blessing, idle wheal, fan-nail, idle-warts, idle-
welts, thang-naii, warty-wheals (Nhp.').
Nhb.i Anger-nail, a piece of skin at the side of the nail which has
become semi-detached and gives pain. Cum. He had a trouble-
some backfriend or agnail, at which he often bit, Linton L. Lorton
(i867)xxiv; Cum. 'Angnails, Anger-nails, jags round thcnails; nails
grown into tiic flesh. w.Yks.s Hang-nails, skin over-lapt finger-
nails. Not.i n.Lin.* Nangnail, a partly detached piece of skin
beside the finger-nails, which gives pain. Lei.* Nhp.* A trouble-
some and disagreeable little piece of reverted skin at the side of
thefinger-nail; morefrcquentlycalled Idle Wheal. Nrf. Hang-nails,
slivers, which hang from the roots of the nails, and reach to the
tips of the fingers, Holloway.
2. A corn, bunion ; ingrowing toe-nail.
Cam. Ang-nails, corns on the feet, Grose (1790); Holloway.
N.Cy.' Ang-nails, corns on the toes. w.Yks. Nangnails. Opinions
are dis'idcd as to this word : i. Ingrowing toe-nails, 2, corns, 3.
bunions (.S.K.C.) ; Being troubled wi' corns and nangnails shoe's
not fit for mich walkin' at present, Hartley Seels (1895) ii ;
w.Yks.2 Gnang-nails. corns on the toes. ne.Lan.' Angnail. acorn
upon the toe. n Lin.' Nangnail, acorn, a bunion. There is a black
resinous ointment largely sold under the name of Nangnail salve
for the cure of corns.
3. A whitlow.
Cor.2 Agnail, a whitlow.
[1. Ang-nail, a sore or imposthumation under the nail of
a man, Kennett (1700) ; Agnail, a slip of skin at the root
of a nail, Bailey (1721). 2. Agnail, a corn upon toes.
Blount (1681) ; Agassin, a corn or agncle in the feet or
toes. Corrct, an agnail or little corn upon a toe, Cotgr. ;
Agnayle upon ones too, corirt, Palsgr. 3. Agnail (whitlo),
Pkrigimn, Coles (1679). The Yks. and Lin. form nang-nail
is for an older ang-nail \m\!i\ the n of the indef. art. prefixed.
OE. ang-ita'gl, the original meaniugof which seems to have
been a corn on the toe or foot, a compressed, painful, round-
headed excrescence fixed in the flesh like an iron nail. OE.
aiignagl, ciig- compressed, tight (cp. ang- in anginod
anxious, angness anxiety, angsiim narrow, Goth, aggwiis)
+ iicrgl, an iron nail, claviis. Meanings 1 and 3 are due to
a popular association of the word with nail = ««^«/s.]
AGO, pp. s.Irel. and Dev. Also written ee-go Wxf.'
[ago', 3gu3-.] Gone, finished.
WxT.' Ilea's ee-go. Dev. Awl tha tatties be ago, missis ; there
idden wan a-layved, Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892) 45 ; They be all ago,
there idn one o'm a left. Verb. Prov. (1886) 89. n. Dev. There's Dame
an' Maister's chair ; Wi' thick I zem they ba'nt a-go. Rock Jim an''
Nell (1867) 28 ; The blue of the plum is ago, zure, Monthly Mag.
(1808) II. 421.
[iVIE. For now is clene a-go My name of trouthe in love
for ever-mo ! Chaucer Tr. Or' Cr. v. 1054 ; And thus ar
Tisbe and Piramus ago (i. e. dead 1, ib. Leg. G. IV. 916 ; My
lady bright Which I have loved with al my might Is fro me
deed, and is a-goon, ib. B. Diic/icsse 479. OE. dgdn, pp. of
dg(hi, to pass away. See Agone.]
A-GOG, adv. Yks. Som. Dev. [agog.] On the move,
going.
w.Yks.s Gee him a sup o' drink an' he'll soin be agog on't,
alluding to a hobby of a tale that a man is in the habit of telling.
[Of a child on a moving rocking-horse] There, now he's agog !
Som. Ofl' we started, all agog, Pulman S^v/rAi-s (1842) 25. n.Dev.
When tha art zet agog, tha desent caree who tha scuUest, E.rm.
Scold (1746) 1. 228.
[Six precious souls and all agog, Cowper Jo/t 11 Gilpin;
On which the saints are all agog, Butler Hud. 11 ; The
gawdy gossip when she's set agog, Dryden Juv. Sat. vi.
OVr.dgogue. In a poem of the 13th cent, occursthe phrase
tout vient ii gogiie (Hatzfeld). Cp. Cotgr. eslre en ses
gogues, to be frolick, lusty, lively, wanton, gamesome ; all-
a-hoit, in a merry mood.]
A-GOGGLE, adv. Brks. Hmp. [ago'gL] Trembling,
shaking with palsy.
Brks.* An old man was spoken of as being agoggle; he was the
tenor of little children from this involuntary shaking of the head
at them. Hmp.' His head is all agoggle.
[A frequent, of agog. See above.]
AGONE, adv. Irel. Shr. Glo. e.An. Ken. Hmp. LW.
Som. Dev. Cor. [sgo'n.] Ago, since.
s.Ir. We started three days agon. Lover Leg. (1848) II. 291.
Wxf.' Shr. 2 An archaism very common at Wenlock. Glo. They
have told me as 'e be dead twelve months agone, Gissing Both of
this Parish (1889) I. 14 ; Glo.', e.An.' Nrf., Suf. Holloway. Suf.'
'Tis three months agon. Ken. Grose (1790) MS. aeid. (P.) Hmp.'
Ten years agone. I.W.' Sora. We should a-bin' out o' parish
years agone, Raymond /.otrdxrf Quiet Life {iQg^) 193 ; W. & J. Gl.
(1873) ; w.Som.' 'Twas ever so long agone. Zabm yuur ugau'n
kaum Kandmus [seven years ago next Candlemas]. Such phrases
are quite familiar to all West-country folk. Dev. When old fayther
died, two weeks agone. Bray Desc. 1,1836) I. 32; 'Twas zome time
agone her went up tii gcrt ouze, Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892) 45. n.Dev.
They say ' time agone ' for 'some time since,' Jefferies Reel Deer
(1884) X. Cor. Some years agone, Tregellas Rural Pop. (1863) 8.
w.Cor. He went to Africa some time agone (M.A.C.).
[Oh, he's drunk. Sir Toby, an hour agone, Shaks. Twelfth
Nt. V. i. 204 ; For long agone I have forgot to court, ib. 'Two
Gent. III. i. 85 ; A while agon, Gower C.A. (Tale of the
Coffers, 9) ; Nat longe agon is, Chaucer C. T. d. 9. OE.
ds^dn. See Ago.]
" AGONIES, sb. pi. Pern. Glandular swellings (?).
Laws Little Eng. (1888) 419; Never heard [agonies] in this
sense. The word is used for any great pain. Swelth is the word
for glandular swellings (W. M. M. ).
AGRAFT, V. e.An. Suf. [agra'ft, agrse-ft.]
e.An.' To lay in, of a tree put into the soil so as to just cover its
roots. Suf. To graft a stock below the surface of the ground. An
old gardener says it is nearly obsolete, and known in no other
sense than the above (F.H.).
AGREAT, adv. Lei. Nhp. Also written agret Nhp.'
[sgre't, Nhp. also agre-t.] Of work : done by the piece.
Lei.' Nhp.' By the great, work taken or let out to be done by
quantity instead oi by the day.
AGREE
[29]
A HOME
[Agrcat, by the great, by the job, Asii (1795I ; To take
work agrcat, i.e. by the piece, Blol'nt (1681 1 ; A-grcat,
universe, Coles (1679) ; A-grcat, by the great or hinip.
Coles ( 1677) ; Agrcat or altogitlier, universe, Baret (1580).
A-, on-t^ffrea/.]
AGREE, V. Sc. Glo. fagrr.] Agree ivi//i, agree to.
Sc. I do not agree with it, Moiillily Mitg. (1800I I. 324. Inv.
Used all over Scotland, and very common aboirt Inverness J I.K. V. \.
Glo.' Agree with, to put up with. What ! be you washing the dumb
animal [i.e. a dog] ■ a* seems to agree with it very well.
[Agree with his demands, Siiaks. M.for ^Ieas.\u.'\.2^J^.
OFr. ni;reer ; Rom. nggratare, to make ]i!easing.]
AGREEABLE, adj. In i;en. colloq. use. [agria-bl.]
1. Acquiescent, compliant, willing.
w.Yks.' I's parlitly agreeable lul't, i. 4. Chs.^ He is not agree-
able [refuses his consent]. n.Lin.' Robud a.x'd mo if I would hcv
him, and I s,ays, 'Well, Bob, I'm agree.ible.' Nhp.' I'm quite
agreeable to it. Oxf.' MS. add. Brks.' I be agraable vor urn to get
married if urn be agra-able on t'other zide. e.An.' I am agreeable
[agree to 3-our proposal]. Sur.' I ast 'un to come along of us, but
he didn't seem now.iys agreeable. w.Som.' Wau'd-cc zai tiie u
kwauTt? — Aay bee ugrai'ubl [What do you say to a quart? — I am
willing to join J'ou].
2. Convenient, suitable.
s.Stf. Wen expect yer when yo con mak' it agreeable to come,
PiNNOCK BIk Cv. Ann. 1 189^5 .
[1. Agreeable or c^informable, consenliens, concurrens,
Robertson (1693) ; Agrcablc . . . consentyng to a thyngc,
agreable, Palsgr. 305. 2. Agreeable or convenient, co>i-
sentanens, conveniens, apltis. He hath a nature agreeable . . .
and suitable to all things, Robertson (1693); con.'>cn/anens,
agreeable, meet, convenient, Rider (1649). OFr. agreable,
deriv. oi agreer. See Agree.]
AGREEN, sb. Cum. [agrin.] Plant-name, Senecio
Jacobaia (Common Ragwort'.
Cum.' [Also called] Booin, Grundswathc. Muggort, Grunscl.
AGROUND, n(/i'. Lan. Won Hrf. Glo. Brks. [agreund,
Lan. agru'nd.]
1. On tlic ground.
ne.Lan.' ^\grund, on the ground.
2. (_)n foot.
s.Wor. Known in this sense in Stoulton (U.K.). Hrf. Going
aground [on foot], heard some time ago in the Ledbury district
(H.K.^. Glo. Commonly used in Vale of Berkeley. Are you going
to Dursley in the cart? — No, I'm going aground. [Also] used by
an old gamekeeper, at Snowshdl ^near Stanway) thirty years ago
(J.D.K. ) ; Glo.'
3. Of a fox: to earth.
Glo. J.D.R.) Brks.' The vox be gone aground.
4. Fig. in phr. to run aground, to slander, depreciate.
s.-Wor. (F.W.M.W.)
[A-, on + ground.]
AGUE, sb. e.An. [egiu.] Swelling and inflammation
from taking cold.
e.An.' An ague in the face is a common consequence of facing a
Norfolk north-caster. Ague-ointment, an unguent made with elder
leaves for ague in the face. Suf.Ague, or swelling in the face,
e.An. (1866) II. 325.
[A vehement ague causing an inflammation in the mouth.
eniphysodes, Robertson ( 1693). This is a peculiar use of
E. ague, a feverish attack folTowcd by a cold and shivering
stage. OFr. ague, MLat. acula, an acute fcver.J
AH, int. jn gen. use throughout the dialects. Also
written eh. [e.] Interrogative exclamation = What ? What
did you say ? Sec Ay.
Nhb.'Aah! Eh-ah ? n.Yks.2 A-ah, said you ' w.Som.' Eh I
Used interrogatively and alone, it means ' what do 3-ou s.ay '' at the
end of an interrogative sentence repeats the question. Wuur-s
u-biin' tiie, ai ? [where hast been, ch !]
AHEAD, adv. Dev. [a-ed.] Overhead.
Dev. Zes I tu a chap, ' What dee call thic ahead ? ' Zcs he, 'Aw
that air's tha balune's little maid ' [a small pilot balloon sent up
before the large one], Nathan Hogg Pod. Let. (,1847) 19, ed. 1858.
[//-, on+/(ra(/.]
AHEIGHT, adv. Yks. [a-ei't.] On high, aloft.
n.Yks. [Of a ball, &C.J Shy itupaheight .0. W.W.I : Lift it up
a-height (.I-W.).
[Look up a-hei"ht ; the shrill-gorged lark so far Cannot
be seen or heard. Siiaks. A'. Lear, iv. vi. 58. A-, on -f height.]
AHENT, sec Ahind.
AHIND, />'■'/'. and adv. Sc. n.Irel. and all the n.counties
to Chs. and Liu. Also in Lei. Nhp. War. Glo. Also written
ahintSc. Nhp.'; ahinSc. N.I.' See below. [Sc. Nhb.Cum.
Wm. ahi'nt ; Lin. a-ai'nd, a-i'nt ; Lei. a-oind, Ir. a-hi'n.]
1. prep. Of place : at the back or in the rear of; alsoyfi''.
Sc. Vich Ian Vohr and ta Prince are awa to the lang green glen
ahint the clachan, Scott JFnwc/cv (1814) xliv ; Hide yoursell ahint
ta Sassenach shentleman's ped, lA. Rob Roy (1817) xxii ; Snaw lies
ahint the d3kc, Swainson ll'cather Flk-Lore {iQt^^) la ; A woman
cam' ahint him, an' touchet the hem o' his garment Henderson
SI. .Matt. (1862') ix. 20. Frf. Gie the door a fling-to, ahent ye,
Barkie Liclil (1888) 173. Per. There's something ahint that face,
Ian yi,\CLARE:t Brier Bush J895; 25. Bwk. Ahint the kyc. Hender-
son Pofi. Rhymes (1856) 79. Feb. Here he comes with the dog
running ahint him (A.C.). Gall. He canna shut them ahint him,
Crockett /J<yr-.A/v,Y/^( 1895^ 367. N.I.' Ahin, behind. Nhb. Ahint
the bush that bauds the thrush, Coqiirl Dale Sngs. (1852^ 116; Nhb.'
Ahint yor hand [to have some one to look after j'our interest in
your absence], Dur. Behowld, he stands ahint our \vo, Moore
Sng. Sol. (1859) ii. 9. Cum. ' You oald donkey,' scz a fellow ahint
mo, Mary Dinyson 1872) 16. Wm. & Cum.' A stomach fit to eat
thorse ehint t'saddle, Bo»7io:i'r/(i/c Lrl. 17871 131. Wm.' It stands
ahint t'dure. ne.Yks.' It's nut mich ahint t'uther. w.Yks.* Cloise
ahint him. ne.Lan.' Chs. Lookingk at th' sarxant wench ahint
mi back, Clovgh B. Bresskillle (1879"! 7. n.Lin. An' reaper, 'at's
swingin" ahind em. Peacock J'nics and Rhymes {18S6': 80. n.Lin.'
Lei.' Ahent, Ahind. Nhp.' Ahint. Not frequent, and confined I
believe to the northern part of the county ; Nhp.^ Ahent.
2. Of time: after, behind.
w.Yks.5 Tha't awlus ahint thee time, ah think.
3. adv. Of place : in the rear, at the back, behind ; /ig.
concealed ; ahind a/ore, hind-foremost ; to walk ahind a/ore,
to walk backwards.
Sc. Here heids had humps ahint th,it, tow'rin', seemed A fairy
helmet, Allan /.r'//5 (1874") 65. Per. A' mind him gettin' a tear ahint,
and the mend's still veesible, Ian MaclarenBwc^ks/i ^1895: 240.
Gall. The reed lowe jookin' through the bars, and the puir. puir
craiters yammerin' ahint, CROCKETr Raiders (1894") xvii. N.Cy.'
To ride ahint. Nhb. Ah canna rightlys mak' him oot noo ! There's
somethin' ahint, Ah doot 1 Clare Loi'e of Lass (1890) I. 50; We
stagger'd a hint se mcrry-o. A'. Minslrel xixA 1, pL iv. 81; Nhb.'
Come in ahint [the familiar cry of the drover to his dogl Wm.'
Tha's alias ahint like a coo's taal. n.Yks.' He's close ahint.
w.Yks.* To ride at-hint [to ride behind another person on the same
horse]. War.*' Why bless me, child! you've put your baton ahind
afore. Glo. But this 'ere time I'd a 'ad to leave Willum a-hind,
Buckman Darke's Sojourn ^1890) 60.
4. Behindhand; backward(of the state of vegetation').
n.Yks.' I'm afraid I'm late- — Nac, thou's nane sae raich ahint;
n.Yks.= All's a-hinL w.Yks. Ahinthand yE.B.).
5. Tobe ahind, (1) to be in error, (2I to come out of an affair
at a disadvantage ; to come in ahint one, to take the ad-
vantage of one ; to fall ahint, to be disappointed in one's
expectations ; to get on ahint one, sec below ; not to be
ahint, to be equal with respect to retaliation or revenge ;
cf. to be even ivith.
(i) Sc. Ahint, expressive of error or mistake in one's supposition
in regard to anything (.Jam."*, (a) n.Yks.' They say Joscy's come
badly on ? — Nae. he's not lh.at far ahint. Sc 'Had M'Viltic's folk
bch,ivcd like honest men,' he said, ' he wad hac liked ill to come
in ahint them, and out afore them this gate,' Scott /?oA ;R<)y(i8i7)
xxxvi ; Ye'vc fa'n ahind there. To get on ahint one, to get the
advantage of one in a bargain, to take him in [said to allude to the
practice of leaping up behind an enemy on horseback, and holding
his hands]. I shanna be ahint wi' you iJam.V
[A-, at (/>»•</.' H -hind (cp. behind). Cp. ME. at-hinden,
OE irt-hindan : Se cyiiing tcrde him aet-hindan, the King
went after them, Chron. a.d. 1016.J
AHM, sec Harm, i'.
AHOME, adv. prop. phr. Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Dcr.
War. Shr. Wil. Written a-whoam Yks. Lan. ; a-whani
Shr.' ; a-whom Dcr. ; a-whum Stf.' ; a-woni Chs.' War.
[S.':. a-he'm ; Lan. &c. a-wcni, a-wum.] Within doors,
at home.
Ayr.. Gall. Ye better bide ahame the day (Jam. Siif>pl.^. Yks.
I felt almost a-whoam, Fetherston Farmer, 5. Lan. I ax Ihur i(
AHOMEL
[30]
AIGLE
Mr. Justice wur o Whoam, Tim Bobbin View Dial. (1746) 27,
ed. i8o5 ; Laa.l For there's no peace i'th world iv there's no
peace awhoam, Waugh Sn^s. (1859) Jamie's Frolic. Chs.' ^
Stf.' Is the doctor a-whum ? Der. You sitten a-vvhom here, and
thinken. Howitt CloJiinakcr, i. nw.Der.iAwhom. War. (J.R.W.) ;
War.^Awum. s.v. A, /);•(/ Shr.l 'E wunna-d-a wham. Wil. The
Ileadborough shud not ha kept them a whome, Masque (1636) 9.
[A-, at ipirf.^) + l!Oiiic.]
AHOMEL (Jam.), see Awhummel.
AHORSE, adv. n.Cy. (Hall.) Not found in any
n. gloss, or books ; doubtful whether any such word
exists. On horseback.
[ME. They scholde him sende al the knj-ghtis That on
hors ride myghte, Alis. 2611.]
A-HUH, adj. Cum. Yks. Lan. War. Nhp. Shr. e.An. Sus.
limp. Som. With great variety of forms. See below,
[s-ii', 3-0', w.Yks. awou', a-iu'.]
1. Awry, lop-sided, aslant, esp. in all-a-huh, all-of-a-huh,
all-a-onc-Iwh.
Cum.A-heh, tooneside (J. P.). n.Yks.' All-ahuh. all on one side,
av/iy, askew. m.Yks.l w.YIis. [Of a faulty knife] Ah, I see, its
all awow (S.O.A.). ne.Lan. ' Ahuh. All-of-a-heugh, all on one
side. Nhp.^ You've put your shawl on all ahuh. If the word
is preceded by the pronoun ' one,' the a is dropped, and it is said to
be 'all of one huh'; Nhp. ^ The luoad's all ahoh. War. Ahuh, all-
of-a-heugh (J.R.W. ). Shr.i All-a-3-ock, all awry; Shr.2 Ayoh,
Ahuh, Aumph, All ayoh. Brks.^A rick is said to be all-a-howhen
settled out of the perpendicular. e.An.^ Ahuh, better Ahoe, and
sometimes All-of-a-hugh ; e.An.^ That is not flush, — it stands all-a-
one-hoh. Sus. Ahuh, Holloway. Hmp.' AU-a-hoh. l.W.^ All
of a hoogh, out of shape, or place. That ere wut rick is all of
a hoogh. Wil.^ All-a-huh, All-a-hoh, unevenly balanced. That
load o' earn be aal-a-hoh ; Wil.^ All-a-hoh. w.Som.l Why, thee's
a got the rick all a-ugh ; he'll turn over nif dus-n put a paust to un.
An' wunt yer onner ha tliat wee-wowy auld olive down ? I do
zim he do grow all a huh like. Dhik'ec pau-s uz au'l uv u uuh
[that post is quite one-sided]. Poor old fellow, he is come to go
all of a ugh. Tech. Slang. Why, 'tis all-a-hoh like a dog's hind-
leg [in printing, of matter made up ' out of the straight'] i;W.W.S.).
2. Fig. (i) Wrong, not 'straight,' straightforward, oropen;
cf. Agley, 2; (2) upset, vexed, anxious.
( i) Yks. It was all ahug on 'em to deu that way ; they wanted to
deceive 'cm (W, H.). (2) Hmp.^ He was quite a-hoh because a
shower came on, he thought 'ud spoil his hay.
[OE. aivoh, aslarit. wrongfully, comp. of ivoli, crooked,
awry: cp. Goth, walis (in uinvalis, blameless t.]
A-HUNDRED-FALD, sb. n.Cy. [a-undadfald.] Ca-
lium vcriiiii, Our Lady's Bedstraw.
n.Cy. As the flowers are exceedingly numerous and clustered, our
common people call the plant A-hundred-fald, Johnston Bot. e.
Bold. (1853") 100.
A-HUNGERED, #. Brks. [a-B-qed.] Hungry.
Brks.l I be a-veelin' ahungerd.
[lie was afterward an hungred, Bible Mall. iv. 2 (Att the
last he was an hungred, Tindale). In P. Plowman occur
the forms (7« huiigrcd ic.) x. &^,aliHngerd(B.) xix. 123. OE.
of-hyns;rod. pp. of of-livnqrian, to be excessively hungry.]
A-HUNGRY, adj. Wor. [a-Bijgri.] Hungry.
se.Wor.' A-ongry, hungry.
[Dinner attends you, sir. — I am not a-hungry, Shaks.
M. Jl'ivcs, L i. 280. The prefix is perhaps due to the in-
fluence of a-hungered (above) ; see A-, pr/.^"]
AI-, see A-, Oa-, Ou-, Ow-.
AIBLINS, see Ablins.
AICH, sb. Obs. Sc. (Jam.) An echo.
Frf. [Aich] is the only term used in Angus to denote the reper-
cussion of sound.
AICH, V. Obs. Sc. (Jam.) To echo.
Cld. But blither far was the marmaid's sang, Aichan frac bank to
brae, B/acl-n: Mag. (May 18201 Mannaidcn nf Clyde.
AICHAN, sb. Sc. n.Irel. Also written achen, aiken.
[e-xsn.] A small bivalve, Maclin siibnincala.
Sc. [The aichan is] found in sandy bays of the Firth of Clyde.
Myriads of aichan shells were dug up nearDumbrcck by the work-
men engaged in cutting the canal between Glasgow and Paisley
(Jam. Siip/il.). N.I.> Ncayghcn, a small marine bivalve, about the
size of a cockle, used for bait.
[Etym. unknown.]
AICHEE, sb. Glo. Also written akee. [ai-ki, aki.]
The hedge-sparrow.
Glo.i
[Perhaps forms of lity, familiar form of Isaac (hedge-
sparrow), probably by popular etym. for ME. heysiigge
(hedge-sparrow) in Chaucer M. P. v. 612, and Owl Sr' A.
505. OE. hegesngge. See Haysuck.]
AID, 5*. Shr. Also written ade Shr.* [ed.] A gutter
or ditch cut across a ploughed field.
Shr.l Aid, a gutter cut across the' buts'of ploughed lands to carry
off the water from the 'reans' ; Shr.* I imagine it means simply an
aid for the water to escape.
[Perhaps the same word as Ade, q-v.]
AID, see Hade.
AIDEN, see Eident.
AlFER,sb. Obs. Sc. (Jam.)
SIk. Aifer, a term used by old people in Ettrick Forest, to denote
the exhalations which arise from the ground in a warm, sunny day :
now almost obsolete,
[Etj'm. unknown.]
AIG, sb. Obs. or obsol. n.Cy. Sourness.
N.Cy.' Aig, sourness, in a slight degree. The milk has got an aig.
[Cp. Fr. aigre, sour ; see Aigre.]
AIG, adj. w.Yks. [eag.] Eager.
w.Yks.^ Speaking of a profitless occupation, a man says that he
isn't so aag after that business.
[Fr. aigre, eager ; see above.]
AIGAR, sb. usually in pi. Obs. or obsol. n.Sc. Also
written aiger, agger, egges. See below.
n.Sc. Aigars, grain dried very much in a pot, for being ground in
a quern or handmill (Jam.).
2. Comp. Aigar-brose, Aigar-meal.
n.Sc. Aigar-brose [is] a sort of pottage made of [aigar] meal.
Aigar-meal is meal made of grain dried in this manner (Jam.).
Sc. I have met with only one person having heard of aiger-ineal.
She had many times heard her mother with several old people tell-
ing that when children [came] running in hungry at dinner-time,
it would be said to them, ' You are coming in for your aiger-meal,'
MacduffScA'. (fT-O. (1891) IV. 78; Others made use of egger meal,
consisting of equal portions of oat. pease and bear meal. It took
rise from the beggars mixing difl^erent kinds in the same bag,
Ramsay Sc. in Eighteenth Centuiy (18S8) II. 202. Per. It is known
to many old people in Thornhill, but the word [aigar-meal] is not
now used because the mixture— oatmeal and pease meal, the larger
proportion being pease meal — is no longer made (^G.W.).
[Etj'm. unknown.]
AIGH, V. w.Yks. [e.]
Aigh, to frighten, to control through fear, or awe, IIl/.w IVds.
[Cp. ME. aig/ic, eig/ie, OE. ege, cvije, fear, dread, Goth.
agis ; related to ON. agi, whence lit.E. awe.]
AIGHINS,s6./i/. nSc. (Jam.) Owings ; what is owing
to one ; esp. used as denoting demerit.
n.Sc. I'll gie you your aighins [used in threatening to correct a
child].
{Aigli!ii,\h\. sb. of aig/i (lit.E. ozt'e), OE. agait, to possess.]
AIGLE, sb. Midi, counties, Shr. Also in Dev. Also
written agle S.Wor.' [egl.]
1. An icicle.
Midi. Marshall Rnr. Ecoh. (1790). Lei.' Aigle, Iggle. War.^
Pi on. iggle. w.'Wor.' See ahl them aigles 'angin' to the thack :
'tis mighty teart this marnin'. Shr.* It must a bin freezin 'ard
i' the neet, thcer's aigles o' ice 'angin' from the aisins.
2. A spangle, tinsel ornament. ? Obs.
Shr.' Aigles, obs. ? Han 'eesin Bessy Pughscnce 'er'scomenback
thr^im Lunnun ; 'er's got a bonnet as shines all o'er like aigles on
a showman ; Shr.* Aigle, Aiglet, a spangle, the gold or silver tinsel
ornamenting the dress of a showman or rope dancer.
3. Scintillations such as appear on the surface of iron pots
when removed from the fire.
Shr.' Aigles . . . are supposed to be lantillae of salts of iron,
caused by the decomposition of the pots by the gases from the fire.
Mind w'cer j'o' put'n that marmint aw'ildc the aigles bin on it.
4. Comp. Aigle-tooth, a tooth sharp and pointed like a
needle.
n.Dev. Stiverpowl George, wi' th' aigle tooth, Rock Jim an' Nell
(1S67131.
[Fr. aiguille, a needle, also used of various things tcrmi-
I nating in a point (Hatzi eld'. See Aglet, Haggle tooth.]
AIGLED
[31]
AIM
AIGLED, ///. adj. Slir. Covered witli 'aiglcs.' Sec
Aigle, 2.
Shr.2 He's aigled all o'er.
AIGRE, r7r//. n.Cy. w.Yks. Lan. Dor. Obsol.
1. Sour, tnrt.
n.Cy. ICager.Algre, sour, tending to sourness, sharp, Grose '1790')
MS. add. ^I'. ) Cum. Grose (1790 . Yks. Aygre . . . still in use
(Hall.). w.Yks.'; w.YUs.' Aasar beer, turn'd sour with, or by
reason of, the thunder, n Lan. It's a lile bit ower aigre [said of
vinegar] ^W,1I.^.). Dor. Eiger, B.MiNEs Gl. (1863).
2. Of wind: sharp, cutting.
Cum. Lager, Aigre. sliarp, sometimes applied to the air, Grose
(1790'. n.Lan. \V. 11.11.)
[1. It doth posset And curd, like eager (aygre, 1602)
droppings into milk, Siiaks. Ham. i. v. 69; Aii:;fet, some-
what tart, sharp or eager, Cotgr. ; Breed Kncden with
cisel strong and egre, Chaucer R. Rose 217. 2. It is a
nipping and an eager ajTe, Shaks. Ham. 1. iv. 2. OFr.
aigre, sliarp, keen, sour.]
AIGRE, see Eagre.
AIK. see Hake.
AIKER, see Acre.
AIKERIT, adj. Ubs. Se. (Jam.) Also written aikert,
yaikert.
Twd. Aikerit, eared. Weil aikerit, having full ears ; applied to
grain.
[A dcriv. of OE. aliher, eher (Nhb.\ ear (WS.), an car of
corn ; see Icker.]
AIKIE GUINEAS, sb. pi. Sc. (Jam.)
Rnf, Aikie guineas, the name given by children to small flat
pieces of shells, bleached by the sea.
AIKRAW, sb. s.Sc. The Lichen Scrobiciilaliis (Jam.).
s.Sc. L. Scyubiiulatits. pitted warty I.iclicn, with broad glaucous
leaves; Aiiglis. ai kraw, Licf n foot /Vo;rt6Vu//fY7( 17912; 850-1 [ Jam.V
[Aik, oak + raiv. For raw, cp. Slane-raw, a name of the
Rock-liverwort.]
AIL, s6.' Yks. Hrt. Ump. Som. [eal, el.] An illness,
ailment, or complaint.
Hrt. .Staggers and other ails, Ellis Mod. Iliisb. I' 1750'! III. i. 69.
Hmp. The ail or complaint layalong th' chine, White Si/Aojvif (1788)
280, cd. 1853.
2. An evil.
n-Yks." Ails, evils.
D. Coiiif). Quarter-aiL
Som. Ail, ailment, disease in the hind-quarters of animals, quarter-
ail. W.& J. Gl. (1B73).
[An ayl, an illness, sickness, Bailey (1721) ; Aile, mor-
bus, Coles (1679I. ME. The word occurs in the form
eile, meaning pain, in Aiicreii Riw/e (c. 1230) 50. OE. eg/e,
troublesome, grievous. Cp. Goth, ai^/o, distress.]
AIL,s4.= Rarely sing. Nhp. War. Won Ilrf.Glo. Brks.
Hrt. Ess. Ken. .Sur. Sus. limp. I.W. and all sw. counties.
Also written aile Wil. Cor.' ; eyle Wil.' ; ile War. llrf.*
Ess.' Ken.'* Wil.' w.Snm.' Dcv. Cor.'; oil Sils.' Hmp.'
Dev.*; oileCor.'i hail Wil. ; hile Uev.Cor.' ; hoil Dor.' ;
hoile Ken.' See below, [ail, m. oil.]
1. The beards or awns of barley or any other bearded
grain ; rarely, the husk of any coin.
Nhp.' Ail. or Ayl. the beard or awn of barley. Pile is synony-
mous in Stf. and Wor. War. Ails, or lies (J.R.W.). se.Wor.'
Ilrf.' lies, awns of barley, cone wheat, iVc. [sec Spiles^. GIo.
Ails, called awns in the north, Grose (1790' AfH. add. 1 M. , ; GIo.'
Ails. Hrt. Tails, or Ails. Ellis i1/o(/. Wi/ii. (17501 VI. iii. 71. Ess.
Ails, see Awns, Ray (1690. Ken.'*, Sur.', Sus.' I.W.'^Aails,
beards of barley, called barley aails. Wil ' The bl.ick knots on the
delicate barley straw were beginning to be topped with the hail,
Jefferies C/. Es/aU- (1880I i. Dor.' w.Som.' Ails, the beard of
barley when broken off from the grain. These little spears are
alw.nys called baar-lce aayub. The individual husks of any corn
are also called aay -ulr. The term is only applied to the separated
spear or husk— never when still attached to the grain. Ee-v u-gau't
u aayul u daewst een dh-uy oa un |he has an ail of dust — i.e. a
husk in his eye]. Dev. Yu can't use barle}--dowst vurbcdties,'cuz
tha iles wid urn intU 'e, Hewett A as. S/). (1892) s.v. liarlcy-ile.
Cor.l Mile. Aile. He.
2. Com/). Barley-ail.
Brks.' Barlcy-oylts. Hmp.' Barley-oils, the beard or prickles.
D.;v. Bailey-ilc, the beard of ripe barley, Hewett Pias. S/>. (i892\
Hence Ally, adj.
Nhp.' If any of the awns adhere to the corn after it is dressed for
market, it is said to be aily.
[Ails, beards of wheat, Bailey (1721) ; An oile (beard
ofcorni, arisla, Coles (1679); lies, or Oilcs, Woui.idge
Syst. Agric. (1669); Aresle, the eyle, awmc, or beard of
an ear of corn, Cotgr. ; These twice-si.x colts had pace so
swift, they ran Upon the top-ayles of corn-cars, nor bent
them any whit. Chapman ///>«/ (1603) ,\.\. 211. 0)L.egl\
occurs in Co.'ipels, II wi gesilist ))U j;a cgle on J>ines bro):or
eagan ? Luke vi. 41.)
AIL, V. In gen. dial, use in Sc. and Eng. Also written
eelie Sc. [el.J
1. To aflect witli pain or uneasiness; to trouble.
Sc. What's ailin' ye, Peter? Ian M.\claren .hild Lnm; Syiis
(1895) 122. Wm. & Cum.' What ails ta Jemmy, Clark Stynion
and Jainiiiy (i-jig) I. r. n.Yks.^ That's in 'em that ails 'em [persons
have naturally the kind of temper they usually exhibit]. neXan.
Whatailsthce? Mather Z^/)'//*: 1895 258. e.Lan.' Not.* What ails
thee? Nhp.' Dunnakneow what ealt him. GIo. What ails i'ou ?
Baylis l/liis. Dial. (1870 . [What aileth you ? (K.).]
2. To be unwell or suffering in body, to have something
amiss with one ; /o ad ait'ny, to dv.'indle.
Sc. The strangirs sail eelie awa'. Riddle Ps. (1857'! xviii. 45;
Ane skaddaw that eelys awa', I'i. cii. 11. n.Cy. [V/.W.S.) Nlib.
Ailiet away (R.O.II.). Cum. She's varra ailing. Linton Lai\- Cv.
(1864) 295; Gl. (1851^ w.Yks. It niver did ail owt at aw know
on, Hartley Bitdgtt ^1867) 20. e.Yks.' IIoo's thy wife. John?
— Whah, shee's nobbut ailin'. Wor. Mr. Jones enjoys a very
fair share of health; he's alius adding '.U.K.). w.Wor.' This
casselty weather dunna suit the owd lolks; grandad's but aildiii'
like. Ess. More stroken and made of when ought it [a calf]
doo aile. More gentle ye make it, for yoke or the pailc, Tusser
Hitsbaiidrie (1580) 81. st. 31.
3. To have cause for dissatisfaction against, to object to.
Sc. What ails ye at them as they are. Oliphant Lover and Lass,
ix. Yks. What does ta ail at him iS. P.U. ); What do you mean
about a new chapel, Sammy ? What ails ye at t'oud 'un ? T.wlor
Miss Miles (1890 ii. Dev. Somebody ealcs me, or is railing at me,
Grose ;i790) MS. add. (M.)
4. To hinder, prevent.
Sc. What suld ail me to ken it? Scott Rnb lioy (1817") xviii.
[' What can the fool mean ? ' said old Richard, ' wliat
can he ail at the dogs ? ' Hogg Ta/es O^ Si: 288. What
ayled the O thou see that thou flcddest, Coveudale I's.
cxiv. 5. OE. eg/an, to trouble, aftlict.]
AILDY,rt^(>'. Yks.(ofo.) Nhp.IInt. [eldi.] Ailing,poorly.
n.Yks. Ise grown seay hcaldy. I mun gang lo bed. Meriton Piaise
Ali-{i6g-}) 1.246. Nhp.' I be very aildy to-day. Hnt. Aildy (, I'.P.r.).
[A pronunc. of ndy, ad, vb. -t -y.]
AILE, see Aisle.
AILER, see Heler.
AILING, vb/. sb. Sc. Yks. [elin.]
Sc. Ailin. sickness, ailment (Jam.). w.Yks.' A long-standing ill-
ness is an ailing.
[See Ail, v.]
AILING-IRON, sb. War. Som. [eiinaian, ealin-
aian.] An implement for breaking olT the ail or sjicar
from barley, sometimcscallcd a piling iron or barley stamp.
War. Ailing-iron, hand implement for hummelling barley, Mokto.s
Cvi/«. yl!;n'<r. ^1863^ w.Som.' Sec Barley-Stamp.
'[A dcriv. ofAil, 5i.»|
AILSA-COCK, si!'. Sc. n.Irel. [elsa-kok.] The rufTin,
Frahrcu/a an/iia ; so called from its breeding about Ailsa
Craig in the Frith of Clyde (CD.). Sec Puffin.
Sc. Ant. Ailsa Cock (so called from its favourite haunts), the
Puliin. SwAiNsoN Pirds (1885', 220. N.I.' See Pullin.
AILSA PARROT, sb. Sc. Ant. The rullin.
SwAixsoN Buds ' 1885: 220.
AIL- WEED, see Hell- weed.
AIRI, sb. Lan. Chs. Stf. Dcr. War. [em.] An idea,
conjecture : a like aim, a shrewd guess.
Lan. I don't know, but I have a like aim (H.M.). Chs.' Do
you know who did it ^ — Now, bur aw've getten a loikc aim.
s.Chs.' I shall have a better like aim. if yo'n tell me yur price.
Stf.2 Used by old people in the Aiidlcy district. Bles dtii,
wensh. oiv nu loikaim. Der.^ Aim. attempt. nw.Dcr.' Aim, idea,
comprehension 01 any matter. War. (J.R.W.)
AIM
[32]
AIR
[But fearing lest my jealous aim might err, And so un-
worthily disgrace the man, Shaks. Two Gent. in. i. 28.
See Aim, v. 2.]
AIM, V. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Der. War. Wor.Hrf.
Glo. Dor. Som. Dev. See below, [yam, iam, earn, em.]
1. To plan, intend, purpose ; to attempt, endeavour.
Cum. I nobbet aim't t'll ha' kiss't her, Gilpin Pop. Poetty {16-15)
64 ; Cura.l He aims to be a gentleman. Cum. & Wm. ' Now
mistress,' said a hospitable farmer to his wife when a friend called,
' if you aim us owt, give us't suin'[if you intend to give us a glass,
do it at once] (M.P.V Wm. Aaiming to hev a good conscience,
HuTTON Brail New IVaik (1785 1 1. 24. Yks.' Ah dizzint seea hoo
thoo yams tu keep a wife when thoo's gitten her, Macquoid
D. Barugli (18771 xxii. n.Yks.' Ah's seear he aimed o' coming.
w.Yks. Ah hedn't aimed hevin' ony (J.R.) ; w.Yks.^ Whear's
tuh aam going to morn ? Lan.* Hoo'd ha made a rare wife
for onybody 'at had ony sense — hoo would that ! Awd aimt
her dooin weel, and hoo met [might] ha done weel too,
Waugh Oiud Blanket i'i866) iii. Der.^ Aim, to attempt. War.^
I aim to do my best for him. I aim and scheme, but nothing
goes well. Wor. Aim to,tointend to (H. K. ). w.Wor.l'Er aimed to
pick it up, but 'twere too 'eavy fur 'er to 'eft it. Hrf.^ You hain't
haimin to muv. I did aim to come. Glo.' I aimed to come to
Gloucester last wick. Dor. Aiming to arrive about the breakfast
hour. Hardy Tess (iSgi) 204, ed. 1895. w.Som.' Niivur muyn
dhur-z u dee-ur, ee daed-n aim t aa't ee [never mind, there's a
dear, he did not intend to hit you]. Ee du aim tu bee mae-ustur,
doa-unur? [he intends to be master, does he not?] Be sure
nobody widn never aim vor to break in and car away your flowers
[' carry away ' is a common euphemism for steal]. Dev.^ He aimed
to kill his missus, and then he cut his own droat.
2. To suppose, conjecture ; to anticipate, forecast, expect.
Yks. Ah aims there's shops in Steersley, Macquoid D. Bariigh
C1877') bk. I. i. n.Yks.i What o'clock is it, aim j-ou ? I never
aimed he wad ha' ganned yon gate ; n.Yks.^ I aim'd varry badle
[I acted on mistaken views]. w.Yks.^ Whears tuh aim o' going
tul . . . when tuh dies if thah cheats a body an" leaks 'em it't faace
i' this waay ?
3. To rt//;;ybr, to have designs upon ; of a road, iS:c., /oo/;;;
to, to run in the direction of.
e.Yks. Ah'll 3'am fo' sum rich farmer sun. Spec. Dial. (1887) 10.
ne.Yks.* Yon rooad yams ti Whidby.
4. To prepare to throw, to throw.
w.Yks. He's aimed a stoan at mi heead (S. K.C.). War,'^ Don't
you aim at me. Glo.' Aim, to throw stones.
[1. The ground which we aim to husband must be fat,
'Walker (1680) ; That never aim'd so high to love j'our
daughter, Shaks. Per. 11. v. 47. 2. Heli therfor eymyde
hirdronken, Wvclif (1382) i Sam. i. 13 (gesside, 1388);
Ah, Nell, forbear ! thou aimest all awry, Shaks. 2 Hen. VI,
II. iv. 58. OFr. (7««(7-, rtfs;«cr, to esteem, consider; Rom.
adestiDiare ; Lat. ad+aes/iinare.]
AIM, ad/. Yks. Chs. Stf. Der. War. Won Shr. Hif. Ess.
Also written earn, eem Chs.' ; erne Shr.'^ [em.]
1. Of numbers: even.
w.Yks.3 Odd or aim, odd or even.
2. Straight, direct, near, close, of distance, &c., esp. in an
aimer gale, a more direct road ; so, a nearer way. Fig.
nearly akin, related.
w.Yks. Eym-anent, directly opposite, GrosE (1790) MS. add.
(P.) Chs. This is the heamest road. Coltie heamer (,E.F.) ; Chs.'
You mun go dain th' aimer gate. He lived aimer this way afore
he took yon farm ; Chs.^ Eamby, close by, at hand ; Chs.^ Are
yow going to Knutsford by the road ? — No, an knows an aimer gate.
s.Chs.' They liven eeam by the chapel. Stf.' Aimer, Aymcr ; Stf.°
That big sojer thcer wfir aimer to th' target nor ony on 'em. Put
thisteps a bitaimertowart. Der. & Stf. Aimest road i J. K.). Der.^,
nw.Der.' Eighmer. War.^ w.Wor.' 1 he emest waay is across
the crafts. Shr. It is quite eem here, not a mile away (E.P.) ;
Aimer is a well-known word here CW.W.S.) ; They bin too erne
to marry won another (G.F.J.; ; Shr.' Cross them filds, it's the
emest road ; Shr.^ This road is full as eme as the tother. Hrf.^
Eimer, Eemer, also Eemcst. Ess. Emcr, Trans. Arcliaeul. Soc.
(18631 'I- 184.
3. Fig. mean, stingy, ' near.'
Stf.2 I'hat oud Jew's aaful cm, yer canna get saat fur yer
porridge out on him.
[1. Possibly we haven/;;;! n the sense of 'even' in Cotgr. :
Jones vosire jeu, play an aim cast (at bowles). ME. e:nne,
eni' (in compounds\ as in emcnslcn, i.e. evcn-Chnslian,
fellow-Christian ; OE. efn (entn) even, cp. ON. /(7;;;;;.]
AIMATION, sb. n.Yks. [eme-Jan.] Guesswork.
n.Yks.^ 'We shall get it by aimation. We rooaded it by aimation
[took the road we supposed to be the right one]. A soort of aima-
tion [a piece of guesswork].
[Aim, vb. (see 2) -1- -alion ; a late analogical formation.]
AIMES, sec Hames.
AIMLESS, adj. Stf Der. [e-mlas.] Senseless.
Stf.' ; Stf.2 Oi wor moiiVord till oi wor emless. Stf. & Der. (J K.)
Der. He's a gawky, aimless sort of chap (H.R.).
[Aim, sb. (purpose! + -less ]
AIMSOME, adj. Yks. [emsam, yemssm.]
n.Yks.2 Aimsome, ambitious, speculative. m.Yks.'
[Aim, sb. (purpose) -I- -so;;;c.]
AIMSTART, sb. n.Yks. [i'mstat.] A starting-point.
n.Yks.^ This mun be your aimstart.
[Aim, sb. (purpose, object)-!- 5/(7;/.]
AIMY, adj Chs. [e mi.] Shrewd.
Chs.' Ee wur a aimy sort o' chap, ee wij.r.
[.//■;;;, sb. (purpose) -(--_)'.]
AIN, s6. Yks. Not. Lin. Also written ane w.Yks.^ ;
hane Lin. The awn or beard of barley or bearded wheat.
w.Yks. So calledinKeigliley district (J.R.) ; Hl/.v. IVds. ; w.Yks.^
Not.3 Lin. Morton Cyclu. ■4gric. (1863).
Hence Ainded, ppl. adj. having awns or ' ains.'
w.Yks. ',J.R.) ; w.'Vks.^ Ainded wheat, wheat with bearded chaff.
[Anes, awns, spires or beards of barley and other
bearded grain, Bailey (1770) ; Flaxen wheate hath a
yelowe eare, and bare without anis, Fitzherbert Hus-
bandry (1534) 40. OE. ttgnan, pi., chaff [Corpus CL, 1526J.]
AIN, see Hen.
AINS, see Even.
AINT, see Anoint.
AIN'T, see Be.
AIR, sb} In var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. [er,
e3(r), yea:r).]
1. The sky, clouds.
Chs.' The air broke red [of an aurora borealis]. It shows for
rain, the air is so low. 'V/ar. (J.R.W.)
2. A current of air in a mine.
Nhb.&Dur. Air, the current or volume of air circulating through
and ventilating a mine, GKEtNWELL Coal Tr. Gl. ^1849').
3. Air of Ihe fire, the heated atmosphere surrounding a
fire ; lo lake an air of Ihe fire, to warm oneself.
Don. Come in, good woman, an' tak' an air o' the fire, Contli.
Mag. [Ych. 1877') Flk-Lore. Cav. Take an air of the fire this
snowy day (M.S.M.l. Con. 'Won't ye take an air of the fire,
O Toole ? LVCAS Roiiiaii/ic Loi'er in Chapiiiait's Mag. (Oct. 1895).
s.Chs.' Come thy wees (^ways i within air o'th fire, fur raly tha
looks heef starved jeth [half frozen to death].
4. The chill, in phr. lo lake Ihe air off llie drink. (In e.An.
they say to take the aam oft' the drink. See Aam.)
Shr.2 To take the chill from beer is usually denoted by the
phrase ' tak the hair off the drink.' Its coud, jist out o' the cellar,
yoden [you hadden] better tak the yare off it.
5. A small quantity of anything ; a ' whiff' ; a taste.
S.&Ork.' A pcerieair, a mere tasting. Air, a very smallquanlity.
Cr.LEre,.^r, a very small quantity (S. A. S.\ Bnff.' Gee me an air
o' yir mill. Tack in by yir chair, sit doon, an' tack an air o' the
pipe, an gee's a' yir uncos.
6. />/. Fits of iil-humour ; fretfulness.
Cum.' He's in his airs to-day. n.Lin.' She's in her airs to-daay.
Nhp.' Let us ha\'e none of your airs [applied to the humoursome
fretfulness of cliildren]. e.Ken. She has just got her airs, and when
saucepans fly I walk out G.G. ).
7. Co;;;/>. and n//;-;'A. Air-bleb ;• -box: -course; -crossing;
■gate, -head, in mining: a passage for ventilation ; -peg ;
-v/ay.
n.Yks.' Air-blebs, (i)bubble5 ; Ts^insound schemes. n.Lin.'Air
bleb, a bubble. Nhb.' Air-boxes, tubes of wood used for ventila-
tion in a pit where there is only one passage or opening, Min. CI.
A'ewc. Terms ,1852). Nhb. & Dur. Airbox, a square wooden tube
used to convey air into Ihe face of a single drift, or into a sinking
pit. GrEENWELL Coal Tr. CI. 1849) ; Air-course, see Air-way, ib.
Khb.' Air-crossing, an arch built over a horseway or other road, with
a passage or air-way above it, il//". Gl. Neivr. Terms 1852 •. w.Yks.
Air gate, a road or way driven in the coal for purposes of ventilation
AIR
[33]
AIT
(S.J.C.V s.Stf. Air-head, a channels feet 3 inches by 3 feet 6 inches,
driven on a level with the topof the gate-road [i.e. the passage along
which the coals are carried]. MiiiiiiirGl.{i852\. nXin.' Air peg, the
vent-pegof a barrel ; also called spile-peg in Nhp. Nhp.' Nhb.> Air-
way, a passagealong which thecurrent of airtravels in a colliery. Nhb.
&Dur. Air-course or Air-way.GREENWELi. Coal Ti. Gl. (1849 i. [Air-
ways, headings or passages in a mine along which there is a constant
circulation of fresh air between the down-cast shaft, tlie working
places, and the up-cast shaft, Gl. Lab. (1894).]
[1. Where should this music be .' i' the air or the eartii ?
Shaks. Temp. i. ii. 387 ; When the sun sets the air doth
drizzle dew, ib. R. dr' J. in. v. 127 ; Nicholas . . . ever gaped
upward in-to the eir, Chaucer C. 7". A. 3473. 6. Hoity! toity!
cries Honour, Madam is in her airs, I protest, Fielding
ToDt Jones, viii ; You will get cured of all these whims and
airs ofyours some day, Black Madcap V. v. 41. This usage
in the pi. is of Fr. origin ; cp. 1 Iatzfeld, Pieiiiire, xedotiner
des airs, affecter line certaine maniae d itie. Fr. air, Lat. aer.\
AIR, sb.^ Or. and Sh. I. Also in Wm. and Lan. |er,
e3(r).] A sandbank, or ridge made by the action of water;
a beach.
Or. & Sh.I. They have some Norish woods . . . such as air, a sand-
bank. Brand Zetland (i-)ai\ 70 (Jam.); Most of the extensive
beaches on the coast are called airs; as Slour-air, Whale-air, Ed-
MONSTON Zctl. (1809) I. 140 (16.). Or.I. By beach and hy cave. . .
By air. and by wick, and by helyer and gio, And by every cold shore
which the northern winds know, Scott PiVa/cv 1822 1 xix. S. &Ork.'
Aer, a sandbank or beach ; sometimes a stone aer. Aer, applied
to several places having extensive * Aers' or smooth beaches near
them ; ex. the Aers of Sellivoe, the Aers of Strom. Wm.* AjT,
a low headland, ne Xan.* Aire, land warped up by floods or tides,
and liable to be overflowed by them.
[ON. eyrr (mod. eyri), a gravelly bank, a small tongue of
land running into the sea; cp. Dan. Ore, Sw. or, found in
Helsiiig-6r ( Elsinore).]
AIR, adj. and adv. Sc. [er.]
1. adj. Early.
Sc. Come it air, come it late, in May comes the cow-quake,
Ramsay Prov. (1737) ; Air day or late day the fox's hide finds
aye the flaying knife, Scorr Rob Roy ( 1817) xxvii; An air winter's
a sair winter, Swainson Weather Flk-Lore (1873) 8. Abd. 'You
wou'd na hae kent fat to mak o' her, unless it had been a gyr-carlen,
or to set her up amon' a curn air bear [early barley] to fley away
the ruicks, Forbes y/v;. (1742) 2 (Jam. j.
2. adv.
Sc. What brings you out to Liberton sae air in the morning,
Scorr Midlothian 1 1818 xxvii ; Let us awa' air til the vineyairds,
RoBSON Sng. Sol. (i860) vii. la. Rnf. Vext and sighin' late and air,
Wilson Watty (1792^ 9, Newc. ed. Ayr. I m weary sick o't late
and air! Burns To Dr. DIacklock (1789 . Lnk. She jeers me air
and late. R.^msay Gmllc Shep. i 1725) I. i. e Lth. Blinkin' like an
air-up hotilet. Huntkk J. Imvick 1895: 105.
Hence Airness, sb. the state or condition of being early
(Jam.).
Sc. The airness of the crap.
[Quha is content rejoycit air or lait, Douglas Pal. Hon.
II. xxix ; 0?er ich hit do ungledliche, o¥er to er o>er to
late, Ancren Riwle, 338. OE. dr, adj. and adv., former, for-
merly, early.]
AIR, V. Or. and Sh.I. w.Yks. Lan. Der. War. Shr. feafrVl
1. To warm, ' take the chill oft".' e.An. aain is used with
the same meaning.
e.Lan.' Air, to warm moderately, as drink. When excessively
cold it is aired at the fire. Shr.* Hair.
Hence Aired, ppl. adj.
Yks. You must use aired water for the tea-cakes (F. P. T.'l. Der.*
Aired water, water with the chill taken off. War. (J.R.W.)
2. To taste.
S.&Ork.J
[1. This is a specific use of the vb. in the usual sense
of to warm, applied usually in lit. E. to the drying of
damp linen. See Air, si.' 4. 2. See Air, sb.^ 5.]
AIR, see Ere.
AIRD, see Ard.
AIREL, sb. Obs. Sc. (Jam.)
1. An old name for a flute; properly applied to a pipe
made from a reed.
Arg., SIk.
VOL I.
2. Musical tones, of whatever kind.
Rxb. Tlie beetle began his wild airel to tune And sang on the
wynde with ane eirysome croon. Whit. Et: Tales, II. 203.
I Probably a deriv. of air, Fr. air, a tune, sound or air in
music]
AIRESS, sec Hairif.
AIRE, AIRFISH, see Argh.
AIRISH, m//. Sc. n. ande.Yks. [e'ri/, ea'rij.] Chilly,
breezy.
Sc. Airish is still commonly used all over Scotland for chilly
(H.IC. F. \ n.Yks. Airish is used in the dales, but not commonly
i R.H.H.V e.Yks. The mornings are airish. Best Rnr. Eton. 1641)
18; iS.K.C.)
[This word is found in Chaucer, but only in the sense
of aerial, belonging to the air : (1; beheld the eyrish bestes,
Hoiis /■'. 964. .lir+'isli.]
AIRTLING. sceEttle.
AIRUP, sec Hairif.
AlVCi , adj. Cum. n. Lin. [eTi, eaTi.] Breezy.
Cuni.i It's rayder airy to-day. n.Lin.'
[O'er airy wastes to rove, Pope Windsor F. 167. Air+-y.]
AISE, see Ash.
AISH, sA. Dor. [aij.] One of the strata of Purbeck
beds.
Dor.Though associated with the Burr, this bed [aish] from its fissile
or slaty character is easily separated from it. Damon Gail. Weymouth
(1860)98. Dor. The tops of the longer stumps of trees passthrough
the burr into the aish. the uneven surface of which often ser\'esto
indicate the presence of trees beneath, ib. 115, ed. 1884 ; The aish
bed is above the soft burr and under a bed of clay i,J.H. M.).
AISH, see Arrish.
AISLE, 56. Sc. Yks. Lan.Chs.Wil.Som. Amer. [ail.]
1. A space for passage in any building ; esp. the central
thoroughfare in a mill, shop, &c. Cf. alley, si.' 1.
w.Yks. Aisle is used in Keighley for any passage between pews in
a chapel, and the alley past the ends of looms ; the interval where
the weaver stands when at work being kntiwn as the gate (J.R.);
Aisle, a passage between seats in any building. Aisle, Alley, are
also used for the principal thoroughfare in a workshop, and must
not be confused with loom-gate, nor with gangway the thorough-
fare between two buildings built overhead), nor with passage (a
narrow way between two buildings). Gangway', passage, aisle, and
alley have distinct meanings in our vernacular ^B. K. ). Lan. The
passage between pews in a church is always called an aisle S.W.);
I have heard the space between the counters of a shop called the
aisle in Liverpool, N. & Q. (1890) 7th S. x. 53. s.Chs. Any pas-
sage between pews (T. D. ), w.Som.' Aisle, the passage between
the pews in a church or chapel. No distinction is made between
nave and aisles ; but there is u aa-yid to every church : see Alley.
[Amer. Instead of shopping they trade, and while thus engaged
recognize a friend across the aisle, A'. & Q. 1,18901 7lh S. ix. 406.]
2. A projection from the body of a church, one of the
wings of a transept.
Pe"r. iG.W.)
3. An enclosed and covered burial-place, adjoining to a
church though not forming a part of it.
Sc. Donald was buried in the laird of Drum's aile. Spalding
Hist. Troubles in Sc. (1792'! II. 282 , J'^M- '• Abd. & Per. The burial-
place of the laird's family is frequently- called the aile G.W.).
4. Double rows of wheat-sheaves set up to dry.
s.Wil. Marshall Retieiv 1817) V. 218.
[1. As up the ayle with mind disturb'd, I walk, Richard-
son Pamela (N.E.D.). Fr. aile, Lat. Ula, a wing. For the
sense cp. Bailey (17.S5) : Isle, a long passage in a church
or public building. This is the same word as M E. He iyle),
Fr. He, often Latinized as insula in legal documents. E.
aisle owes its spelling to F"r. aile, and its pronunc. to Fr. He.]
AISLE, see Hazzle, v.
AISLE-TOOTH, sec Axle-tooth.
AIT, si.' \'ar. dial. Also written eyot. See below,
[ait ] An island in a river ; an osier-bed.
s.Not. The osier ait above the weirs. Aot. Guard. ^Aug. 8. 1895^ 7.
Wor.Ait. Nait, Eyot, island. Alsoapplied to an osier-bed, whetlier
an island or not (H.K.'); The island now called the Neight at
Deerhurst on the Severn, Allies Antiq. 118401 188. 8.Wor.'
se.Wor.'Naight,an eyot, an osier bed. Brks.'Ait.orAayte, a river-
island, or flat on the bank with osiers growing. Mid. Fog up the
river where it flows among green ails and meadows, Dickens Bleak
AIT
[34]
AKEYBO
//o«Sf (1853) i. Hmp. They roosted in the aits of that river, White
5c/Aora« (,17881 31, ed. 1853.
Hence Eyoty, adj. Of the nature of an ait or island.
Hmp.' That ej-oty piece near the ford.
[He enjoyed a party of pleasure in a good boat on the
water to one of the aits or aislets in the Thames, Edge-
worth Patronage (1814) xix (Dav.) ; Ait, a little island in
a river where osiers grow, Bailey (i72iK Merc, egeod,
OE. 'igeoi, an islet, deriv. of T^, leg, Merc, eg, island. The
termination with / is prob. due to French influence ; cp.
Fr. -et, -o/.]
AIT, sb?- Obs. (?) Rnf. A custom, a habit ; esp. used
of a bad one (Jam.).
AITCH, sb. w.Yks. [eat/.] A mantelpiece.
w.Yks. The universal name for a mantelpiece in the villages about
Wakefield and towards Leeds (S. O.A. ).
[Possibly this word is a peculiar use of the name for the
letter /;.]
AITCH see Ache.
AITCH-BONE, sb. Yks. Der. Lei. Nhp. War. Mid.
Hnt. Suf. Ken. Sus. Hmp. Dev. [etj-bon.] The bone
of the rump of beef ; the meat which this bone includes.
w.Yks. ^ Nache-bone. Der.^ Nhp.^ The extreme end of a rump
of beef, cut obliquely. Lei.' War.^ While there is no joint called
aitch-bone cut from the carcase of the sheep, the haunch-bone in
a haunch of mutton is by butchers also called the aitch-bone. Mid.
Ache-bone, part of y rump, Ray (1691) MS. add. (J.C.) Hnt.
(T.P.F.), Suf.' Ken.= Ach-bone. Sus.^ Hmp.' Aich-bone. Dev.
A saddle of mutton at one end, and an aitch-bone, not over-boiled,
at the other, Blackmore AV< (18901 III. x.
[The proper form, being that identical with theorig. Fr.,
is nache. — The ' nache ' in some writers, also the ' tail-
points' by others. Young (Britten, 97); Upon the hue
bone and the nache by the tayle, Fitzherbert Hiisb.
(1534) 53. The dial, forms have mostly lost the initial
n through coalescence with the indef adj. an, hence ache,
aich, aitch. The earliest example of the word found with-
out the n is in Bk. St. Albans, where hacli boon occurs ; see
Skeat, 777. The ache bone, os co.xrndicis. Coles (1699).
The word does not occur in Johnson in any form. OF.
nache, a buttock ; Rom. natica, adj., from natis, a buttock.]
AITCHORN, see Acorn.
AITCH-PIECE, sb. Cor. [e-tj-pls.] The catch or
tongue of a buckle.
Cor.' 2
[Named from the shape, like that of the letter H.]
AITEN, sb. Obs. SIk. (Jam.) A partridge.
[Prob. ait, oat + hen. Many names of this bird contain
some equiv. oi lien as the latter element of the comp. ; cp.
Sw. rapphona, G. rebhuhn, feldhuhn, Du. rap-hoen, EFris.
rap-hen.\
AITH, sb. Obs. Sc. (Jam.)
Frt Aithor Aiftland.that kind of land called infield, which is made
to carry oats a second time after barley, and has received no dung.
AITH. see Earth.
AITHER, see Arder, Either-.
AITNACH, sb. Obs. Sc. Also in the forms etnach,
eatin.aiten. J unipents communis ; in/>/.thejuniperberries.
Abd. [She] spies beneath a buss of — what-ye-ca't ? Ay, etnagh-
berries [ist ed. eatin-], and yeed down the brae, And there she
gets them black as ony slae, Ross Helenore (1768) 6a. Ags.
Etnagh berries, juniper berries ; also called eatin berries (Jam.).
s.Sc. Brave Jessy, wi' an etnach cud rstafrj,Than gae her daddie sic
a thud, As gar'd the hero squeel like wud, Taylor Poemsij'fii)
26 (Jam.).
[Of Gael, origin. Cp. ailcal, juniper (M. & D.).]
AITREDAN, sb. War. Wor. Shr. Glo. Also written
hatredans Glo. [e'tradan.]
1. A madcap frolic, a foolish prank.
War. 2 Shr.' I warrand yo' bin olT now on some wild aitredan
or other.
2. ' Tantrum ' ; a noisy quarrel, a fuss.
War.2 s.Wor. Hatredan (H.K.). Glo. Hatredans, Northall
FlkPhr. fi894).
AITTRIE, sb. and adj. Sh.I. Cold, bleak weather ; also
attrib.
S. & Ork.' ; Aitrie, Aittrie (Jam. Suppl.).
AIVER, see Eaver, Havour.
AIVERIE, adj. Sc. [e vsri, ye'vari.]
Abd. & Per. Aiverie is a very well known word meaning not very
hungry, but eager to get at food, &c. They are a' yevery to be fed.
Dinna eat sae yivvery like [greedily] (G.W.j. Rxb. Aiverie, very
hungry; a term nearly obs. (Jam.)
Hence Yevrisome, adj.
Dmf. Yevrisome, having an appetite perpetually craving (Jam.
s.v. Yevery),
[Aver, goods, possessions (Pi.¥r. aveir, 'Lai. habere) + -y.
So a~i>cry would mean covetous, hungry, 'eager to have.']
AIVERING, prp. Sc. Written yivverin' Abd.
[e'varin, yi'varin.] Eager for, hungeringjyJg'.
Abd. Tm yiverrin' sair for a kiss (G.W. ).
AIVRIN, sb. Sc. [i'vrin.] The larboard.
Bnff.' In the deep-sea-fishing boatsthere are eight fishermen, each
of whom has his ovi^n seat in the boat. The skipper holds the
aivrin hank ; the second man, the aivrin mid-ship ; the third, the
mid-aivrin boo ; and the fourth, the foremast-aivrin boo.
[Aivrin, aifteran, prob. for after-hand, near the hinder-
part of the ship.]
AIVY-KAIVY, see Havey-quavey.
AIWAL, see Awald.
AIXES, see Access.
AIXTREE, see Ax.
AIYAH, see Near.
AIZAC, see Haysuck.
AIZAM- JAZAM, adj. and adv. Stf War. Wor. Shr. Glo.
[ezam-d^ezam.]
1. adj. Equal in weight, size, or value.
Shr.' Theer wuz fifteen faggits i' one lot, an' sixteen i' the
tother, an' I pCit 'em little an' big together, to mak' 'em as 'asam-
jasam as I could.
2. adj. and adv. (i) Fair and square, equitable; (2) in an
equitable manner.
Stf., War., Wor., Glo. Ayzam-jayzam. ' Upright and downstraight'
is an old term of the same meaning, Northall Flk-Phr. (1894).
War.2 ne.Wor. Aizam-jaizam, honest, ' jannock.' [Of a dishonest
bargain] That job's not quite aizam-jaizam (J.W.P.). (2) Stf., War.,
Wor. I shouldn't care if he'd only act hasum-jasum with me \ H. K. ).
[Prob. a colloq. formation from lit. E. easy. For ' easy ' in
the sense of equal, even, cp. the familiar phrase in Whist,
'Honours easy.']
AIZE, sb. Sh.I. [ez.] A large blazing fire.
S. & Ork.' Aze.
[ON. eysa, glowing embers, cognate with iisii, a confla-
gration ; OV..ysle, embers.]
AIZIN', see Easing.
AIZLE, see Hazzle, v., Easle.
AIZLE-TOOTH, see Axle-tooth.
AJY, see Agee.
AKE, sb. Cor. [ek.]
Cor.' Ake, a groove in a stone used for an anchor (peculiar to
Cornwall) to receive a rope or iron band to prevent it from slipping.
Mousehole fishermen ; Cor.^
AKERATE, v. Lin. [a'karet.]
1. To rust as iron does.
n.Lin.' We fun' sum shackles sich es thaay ewst to put upo'
prisoners e' ohd times. Thaay was o'must all akeraated awaay,
bud oor Squire thoht a great deal on 'em.
2. To blight.
n.Lin.' His crops was that akeraated last year [1879] thaay was
wo'th, in a waay of speaking, noht at all.
AKERMAST, see Acom-mast.
AKETHA, int. Dev. Cor. Also written akether,
[ake'^.] Quoth he ; forsooth ! indeed !
Dev. Akether, bin ma kit's ago. Rock Jim an' Nell (1867) St. 68 ;
* Giggling akether I ' shrieked the old woman, wild with resentment,
'giggling akether!' Madox-Brown Dwale Blulh (1876) I. i;
Dev.' An zo you zim a is maz'd, I'll warnis ; — no more lookee-
dezee than you be. I say maz'd akether, pt. i. 3 ; Dev.^ n.Dev.
Bet es tell en. Marry a-ketha, Exiit. Crtshp. (1746) 1. 456; Grose
(17901JI/5. add. (C.) Cor. Thee baan't St. George, no moore than
me; St. George aketha ! J. Trenoodle -S/>ff. Z>/o/. (1846) 55 ; Cor.' 2
[Prob. eauiv. to 'Ah,' quoth he. With kcth cp. ME.
cweS, qued, koth, pret. of queien, OE. aveSan, to speak. Fur
the final a see A (pronunciation V. 1 & 2).]
AKEYBO, see Acabo.
AKKA-MANNAA
[35]
ALBUIST
AKKA-MANNAA, see Cakkamanah.
AKKER, sh. Pem. [akafr).]
s.Peni. Akkcr, a boat used lor carrying limestone on the Cleddy,
Laws LMe Ktig. {1888! 419.
AKKERN^ see Acorn.
AKLIN, sb. Sh.I. [aklin.] A sullen person.
S. & Ork.>
[Cogn. with Du. akelig, dull, gloomy, and MDu. akel,
grief, harm.]
AL, see Alley.
ALABLASTER, fb. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Der. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Oxf. Also written ali-
blaster Dur.' Wm.' ne.Lan.' nw.Der.' Oxf.' ; allablaster
Chs.' ; alleyblaster Nhb.' ; allyblaster se.Wor.' ; all-
plaister w.Yks.' [al3blast3(r).] Alabaster.
Nhb.', Dur.' Cum. Sall^-'s just like allyblaster, Her cheeks are
twee rvvosebudsin May, ANDERsoNSf?//rt(/s(i8o5) 16. Wm.' w.Yks.
Duringa fall of snow, children often sing 'Snow, snow faster, White
alablaster'iS.K.C); 'E'sasfairasalleyblaster(F.P.T.); w.Yks.' 245^
ne.Lan.', Chs.', nw.Der.' n.Lin.' Thaay fun alablaster at GainsbV
when thaay dug railroad, bud it wasn't wo'th oht. It's a straange nist
bairn, it's skin's that clear it's like alablaster. Lei.', Nhp.', War.^
s.Wor. Her dear flesh was allis as white as halablaster, Porson
Quaint IVds. (1875^1 23. Oxf.' Dhaa-r bent noa guod*luok*n gyuuriz
ubuuwt -nuuw; wen -uuy wuz yoor aij uuy wuz U2 faa'r uz al-i-
blaa'stuur [Thar ben't no good-lookin' girls about now ; when I
was your age I was as fair as aliblaster].
[Why should a man whose blood is warm within Sit
like his grandsire cut in alablaster, Shaks. M. Viii. i. i.
84 ; Albaster, allablaster, Albastiiii, white as allablaster,
CoTGR. ; Alabaslriiio, made of alleblaster, Florio (i6u).
In an inventory, temp. Hen. VIH, of the furniture of St.
Martin's at Dover is the following entry : Item, ij imagees
of whytealleeblaster, .A/o;;(7*7. IV.542(Boucher). The form
alablaster IS found in Sydney's y/r(-f7rf/n, 319 (ed. Friswell).
ME. An alablaster, alahlaslnim, Catli. Aug/. This was
the gen. spellino; of alabaster in the 16th and 17th cents.
The bl- is doubtless due to sense-association with bleach,
blanch, and other i/-forms denoting whiteness.]
ALACK, int. Sc. n.Cy. Yks. Som. Also written
alacke, alake, allake. [sla'k.]
1. Alas!
S. & Ork.' Alake. an exclamation denoting sorrow or regret.
Sc. He says how now how now Cliildc Maurice, Alacke how may
this bee, Jamieson Pop. Ballads (1806) Cliildc Maurice. Ayr.
Alake, alake, the meikle Dcil Wi' a' his witches, Burns To Mr.
Mitcliell (i-]^^). Lnk. Alake ! poor pris'ner, Ramsay Gc>i//£' S/ic/>.
(1725) 38, ed. 1783. n.Cy. Alake. alas. Border Gl. {Coll. L.L.B.)
w.Yks. Alack, a form of 'alas,' ////Cv. ll^ds. ; w.Yks.* [Allake, a
sigh, bitter exclamation (K.).]
2. In fo;«/>. Alack-a-day,an exclamation ofgriefordistress.
w.Yks. Alack-a-day, a form of alas the day,' Hl/.r. IVds. w.Som.'
Alack-a-day ! an exclamation of sorrow or regret. Alas-a-day I or
Alas I are not heard.
[Nay, what's incredible, alack ! I hardly hear a woman's
clack. Swift (Johnson); Alack the heavy day, That I
have worn so many winters out I Shaks. Rich. II, iv. i.
257; She's dead, deceased, she's dead ; alack the day ! ib.
K. St' J. IV. v. 23. Perhaps A (int.) + lack, failure, fault.]
A-LADY, adv. phr. e.An. [ale'di.] On Lady-day.
e.An. She gan her missis notidge last A'Lady, N. & Q. (1855"!
ist S. xi. 184 ; e.An.' e.Nrf. A-Lady (in common use), Marshall
Nur. EiOit. (1787X Suf.' A'l go out of 'as farm next a-Lady.
[A-, on + Lady (for Lady-day).]
ALAG, adv. Nhb. Cum. n.Yks. [ala-g.] Not suffi-
ciently upright ; too horizontal, as in placing a ladder.
Nhb.It'sallalag.outof theperpendicular(R.O.H.). Cum.' n.Yks.
It lies alag. T'stick laid alag ageean t'wall [stood at an angle of
45°] (I-W.).
A-LAG, sb. Cum. [ala'g.] The sporting term for a
flight of geese (W.K.).
ALAIRE, adv. Obsol. w.Cor. Also written alare. A
short time ago.
Cor. A^. & Q. (1854') ist S. X. 178 ; Cor.»
ALAKANEE, int. Obs. Sc. (Jam.) Alas !
Rnf. The cheeriest swain that e'er the meadows saw ; Alafcanee !
— is Robin gane awa' ? Picken Poems (1788) ao ('Jam.).
ALAMONTI, see Allamotti.
ALANGE, sec Elenge.
ALANNAH, sb. Ircl. Also written alanna, alanah,
alana. My child ! A form of address, a term of endear-
ment.
Ir. Miss Betty, alanah, Lever //. Lorr. (1839') iii ; Whose then,
alannah ! ib. Ch. O' Atai'liy ( tS^i) iii; He's well enough — that's it,
alannah, Carleton Trails Peas. (1843) L 95; Well, alana, I could
not help it. Flk-Lore Rec. (1881) IV. 117 ; Have ye all now, ma'am ?
— I have, alanna, God bless ye ! Francis /"««(- (1895I 21 ; Alana,
properly ' my child ' ; used as a friendly or affectionate word of ad-
dress, especially to the speaker's junior 1 G.M.H.). a Jr. Whisht I
alanna. . . . There's no fear of you, Croker Leg. (i86a) 28.
[Ir. a Icanbh (prop, a leinbh) my child !]
ALANTOM, adv. Obs. Nhb. Yks. Also written
alantum, alantem. Freq. used with off. At a distance.
n.Cy. I saw himat alangtum I saw him alantom off K. ); N.Cy.'^,
Nhb.' w.Yks.' I spies alantum off two shooters, ii. 296.
[Some of our lads b'ing very kind, Alantom followed
nie behind, Stv art Joco- Serious Disc. (i686j 72. Alantom
prob. repr. Fr. en loinlain, in the distance.]
ALARM, sb. Irel. Wil. [alam.] A cry of a bird or
animal.
Wmh. What soort of alarm has an otthcr! (S.A.B.)
Hence Alarm-note, the note of a bird when startled.
n-Wil. If you should disturb the blackbird he makes the meadow
ring with his alarm note, Jefferies Wild Life (1879) 163.
[Fr. alarnie, excitement caused by the approach of the
enemy ; OP>. a I'arnie ! the cry to arms.]
ALARMING, adv. Suf. Wor. [alaniin.]
1. In an unusual manner.
Suf. He went on wholly alarmin', i.e. acted or spoke out of the
usual way, not necessarily greatly, e.An. Dy. Times (1892).
2. Extensively, very, exceedingly.
w.Wor. [It] grows in woods alarmin', S. Beauchamp Gianlley
Grange ' 1874I II. 104 ; They bin orl good uns, most alarmin' good
uns. ib. K. Haniillon (1875) 1. 127.
ALARUM, sb. n.Yks. [aleram.] Disturbance.
n.Yks.2
[A blanket in th' alarum of fear caught up, Shaks. Ham.
II. ii. 532. See Alarm.]
ALAS-A-DAY, /;;/. Oiso/. Yks. and Som. Alas! a form
of pitj'ing.
Yks. TnoRESBYif«. (1703). W.Yks." Som. Jennings 0*s. Z)/<i/.
w.Eng. (18251.
[Alas a day ! you have ruined my poor mistress, Con-
GREVE Old Bachelor {}outi?,OK) ; Alas the day ! I never gave
him cause. Siiaks. Olh. iii. iv. 158 ; Alias ! that harde day !
Chaucer C. T. f. 499. OFr. a las (mod. he'las), orig. Ah,
weary ! Cp. It. ahi lasso, Lat. lassiis, weary.]
ALAS-ATEVER, int. Obs. Yks. An exclamation of
pity.
Yks. Thoresby /.f//. (i703\ w.Yks.*
[Equiv. to alas that ever .']
ALASSEN, conj. Dor. Also written alassn. [alaesan.]
Lest.
Dor. Gl. (1851); Dor.l Alassen I mid want to stSy Behine' var
thee. 79.
I Equiv. to on less 'en for on less than, whence lit. E. unless.
Onlesse this be done, si' ce nest que cela se face, Palscr.
882. OE. on laspanne, lit. on a less supposition than.]
ALATE, arfR Yks. Lan. Wor. [ale t, alea't] Lately.
w.Yks.' Alatt, of late. ne.Lan.' Alayat. se.Wor.'
[Alate, niiper, Coles (1679). The form occurs in ME. as
in Destr. Troy (c. 1400), 4176. A-, of+late.]
ALAU, sb. Cor. [alau-.] Nymphaea alba, or water-
lily.
ALA-WK, /■;//. Der. War. Suf [319k.] An exclama-
tion of sorrow ; alas !
Der.2, nw.Der.', War. (J.R.W.) Suf.» [Hence] Alawkus.
\A-, ah ! + laivk. q.v.]
ALAY. see AUy.
ALBUIST, conj. Obs. Abd. Though, albeit.
Abd. An" our ain lads, albuist I say't my sell, But guided them
right cankardly an' snell, Ross //f/<-iiorf ( 1 768 , 62 (in the edd. 1789
and 1812 ' although' is printed instead of 'albuist').
[Etym. unknown.]
F 2
ALD
[36]
ALE-DRAPER
ALD, see Old.
ALDER, sh. [o'ldafr).] Besides its usual meaning
(Alniis g/ii/iitosa), the name a/c/er in comb, is applied to
several other trees, (i) Death alder, Euonyiitiis eiiropaetis
or spindle-tree (Bck.) ; (2) Wild alder, Aegopodiuin poda-
grnria (Lin.).
n.Bck. It is thought unlucky to bring it [Death alder] into the
house. S.Lin. Wild alder. Alder = elder, from the superficial
resemblance between the leaves.
[OE. (7/or. The form (r//er is still geit. in dial.]
ALDERCARR, sb. Der. Lin. War. Nrf. Suf. Also
written owdaker nw.Der.' A piece of bog- or fen-land
overgrown with alder-trees.
Der.^ Aldcr-carr, a plantation of alders; carr being common for
a plantation in a low or flat situation. nw.Der.' Lin. Alder-carr,
an islet overgrown with 'the waterside tree,' A^ & Q. (1873)
4th S. -xii. 297. War. (J.R. \V.) Nrf. Wet pieces of land in the
marshy districts planted with . . . alders, and hence called . . .
alder-carrs, N. iSr" Q. (1874^ 5th S. i. 132. Suf. A moist wood of
alders, e.Ati. Dy. Times (1892).
[Aldyr-kyr (Alder-kar in Pynson's ed.), Alnetum, viz.
locus ubi alni et tales arbores crescunt, Prompt. Alder + carr,
q.v.]
ALDERLING, 56. Obs. Suf. A fresh-water fish which
haunts that part of the stream overhung by alder-trees.
See Aller-trout.
Suf. No longer u.sed, but still known to very old people here
(F.H.). Not known to any of our correspondents in other parts
of the country. A kind of fish said to be betwixt a trout and a
grayling (Hall.).
ALE, sb} Var. dial. See below, [el, eal, yel.]
L A liquor brewed from malt and distinguished from
ordinary beer by its strength. In Cum. and Som., how-
ever, ale is weak beer brewed from the malt after the beer
has been extracted from it.
Cum.iJ.Ar.) Brks.' OoU 'ehevaglasso'aayle era glass o' beer?
Som. A liquor brewed with a proportion of malt from about four to
six bushels to the hogshead of 63 gallons; if it contain more malt it is
called beer ; if less, it is usually called small beer, Jennings Obs.
Dial. w.Eiig. tt825). w.Som.i Ale is usually sold in the public-
houses at half the price of beer ; at Burton this is precisely re-
versed.
2. A country festival, in which ale-drinking forms the
chief part of the delight.
N.Cy.i A merry meeting of country-people, a rural feast, bride-
ale, church-ale. ne.Lan.i Oxf. The Whitsun ales are common in
Oxfordshire, Wright.
3. Coinp. Ale-bink, -brains, -brewis, -brussen.see below ;
-Conner, -finder, a manorial officer whose duty it was to
look to the assize and goodness of bread and ale within
the precincts of the manor ; -feast, a public festival gener-
ally held at Whitsuntide ; -jawt, -master, -peg, see below ;
-posset, a curd made by pouring old ale over boiling
milk ; -scalp, see Ale-brains ; -score, a debt at the ale-
house ; -settle, see Alebink ; -shot, see Ale-score ;
-silver, -soaked, -soaker, see below; -sop, (i) a refection
consisting of hot strong ale and toast or biscuits, (2) a
drunkard; -spinner, -stake, see below ; -stalder, the stool
on which casks are placed in a cellar ; -stall, -swab, -swat-
tier, -swizzler, see below ; -taster, an officer appointed to
prevent the adulteration of ale, see Ale-conner ; -Tuesday,
Shrove Tuesday; -weean, see below; -whisp {obs.), the
bush hung in front of an inn to show that ale was sold
there; -wife, (i) a woman who keeps an inn, (2) a local
name of the Allice-shad, Alosa communis; -wort, an in-
fusion of malt ; -yottler, -yottling, see below.
n.Yks.2 Yal-bink, also called Yal-settle,an ale-bench ; like those
in front of country inns for outside smokers. Yal-brains, one who
has to take his glass before he can set his wits to work. Yal-brewis,
ale-posset stiffened with bread. Yal-brussen, distended or' blown
up ' with ale or liquor. n.Lin.i Ale Conner. Ale-feast (obso/.), a
public drinking usually held at Whitsuntide. Cum.' Yal-jaw't,
sickened by drinking ale. n.Ltn.i Ale-master, the chief man at the
ale-feast. Ale-peg, the vent-peg of a cask. Lan. There's some
nice bacon-collops o'th hob. An' a quart o' ale-posset i'th oon,
Waugh Come IVhoam (1859). m.Lan.» He's ne'er hed a sup o'
ale-posset, hesn'd mi pertner. Fooaks' givin' o'er suppin' id, for
a varra good reeason ; there's nooan so mony wimmen con mek
id gradely. s.Chs.^ Shr.* Jack, you had better take care of that
cold, ril make you an ale-posset to-night. — Thank yo'. Missis,
that'll tak car o' me, nod the caud. Lan.' Hast paid thi ale-score
at th' Blue Bell yet ? Stf.'^ 'E's got a ale-score on at that ale-us.
n.Lin.' Ale-score, the debt for drink at an ale-house recorded
with chalk marks on the door. Shr.^ Tum's a cliver workman
an' gets good money, but agen 'e's paid 'is ale-score every wik
theer inna much let' to tak wham. Lan.' He's an ale-shot at th'
back o' th' door yon, th' length o' my arm. [Ale-silver {obs.),
a rent or duty annually paid to the Lord Mayor of London by
those who sold ale within the City, Bailey (1721").] n.Yks.2 Yal-
sooak'd, full of beer, drunk. Yal-sooaker, an ale bibber, a sot.
Sc. Ale saps, wheaten bread boiled in beer (Jam. s.v. Saps).
Ken. Tea biscuits are sometimes soaked in strong ale and called
ale-sop or beer-sop (P.M.) ; Ken.^ Ale-sop is customarily partaken
of by the servants in many large establishments on Christmas Day.
w.Yka.2 Ale-sop, a drunkard. Slang. Ale-spinner, a brewer or
publican. Farmer. [Ale-stake (obs.), a may-pole, Grose (1790)
MS. add. (P.)] e.Sus. Ale-stalder, or stolder, stillion, Holloway,
Suf.' Ale-stall, the horse or stool on which casks of beer, wine, &c.
are placed in cellars. I do not recollect the word stall applied to
any other description ofhor.se or stool. n.Yks.'' Yal-swab, -swattler,
-swizzler, an ale-bibber, a sot. Chs.' At the court leet for the
manor and lordship of Over, held Nov. 1880, ale-tasters were
elected for each of the townships of Over, Marton, and Swanlow
(see JVarnngion Guardian. Nov. 20, 1880). n Lin.* The ale taster's
oath is given in Sir -William Scrogg's Practice of Court Leet (1714I
15. w.Som.' Ale-taster, an officer still annually appointed by
ancient court leet ; at Wellington his duties, however, have entirely
fallen into disuse. Dev. The last day of the carnival would be
the ' wettest,' and might well be called Ale Tuesday. Every
parish had its church-ales on several anniversaries, of which that
at Shrove-tide was usually one, Reports Provinc. (1893). n.Yks.*
Y.il-weean, the female publican. n.Lin.' Ale-whisp, the bush which
was suspended in front of a public-house to indicate that drink
was sold there {obs.\ A bush of ivy or other evergreen was for
ages the sign of a tavern both in England and the neighbouring
continental lands. There is an engraving of a mediaeval inn with
a bush hanging before it in Cutts' Scenes and Characters of the
Middle Ages, p. 543. [Ale-wife, Alosa communis, Satchell. ]
Yks. If you have any ale-wort near you, make strong tea of it,
Knowlson Cattle Doctor (1834) 84. n.Yks.^ Yal-yottler, an ale-
bibber, a sot. Yal-yottling, given to pot companionship.
[1. Ale and beer have been in common use as names for
the same intoxicating drink among the various tribes of
Germanic people from the earliest times. The Alvisitidl
says : 'Tis called ale (6t) among men, beer(bjorr) among the
gods; 'beer' being the Southern, 'ale' the Northern
Germanic word. 2. For information about country ales,
esp. the Whitsun-ale, see Brand Pop. Antiq. \. 279. Douce
says that Ale means a feast or merry-making, as in
the words Leet-ale, Lamb-ale, Whitsun-ale, Clerk-ale,
Bride-ale (whence Bridal), Church-ale, Scot-ale, Mid-
summer-ale, &c. (Brand, I.e.) Lesfestes du village, wakes,
ales, ploughmens feasts, or holy dales, Cotgr. OE. ealu,
ON. 67, ale ; also, a feast, a banquet, freq. in comps., as in
ON. erfi-6l, awake, a funeral feast ; OE. bryd-ealu,dL bride-
feast, the marriage feast, a ' bridal.']
ALE, see Old.
ALE-BERRY, sb. Cum. [ye-lbsri.] A dish consist-
ing of ale boiled with butter, sugar, and bread.
Cum.' Yel-berry, formerly given at funerals for dinner.
[Aleberry, a beerage or kind of food made by boiling
ale with spice, sugar, and sops of bread, or with oatmeal,
Bailey (1755). ^^E. Albery vel alebrey, alebrodium,
Prompt. — Ale + berry. ME. bery for brey, bre, OE. brlw,
pottage.]
ALE-DRAPER, s6. Obs. Yks. Lin. An innkeeper or
publican.
n.Yks.' Ale-draper, a term now oAs., but occurring in the Whitby
parochial register a century ago. n.Lin.' July 8th (1747) Thomas
Broughton, farmer and ale-draper, Scottcr Par. Reg. Burials.
[Ale-draper, a seller of malt-liquors: an alehouse-
keeper or victualler, Bailey (1721) ; No other occupation
have I but to bean ale-draper, C\\^^-n.v. Kind-Harts Dreame
(1592) ; Two milch maydens that had set up a shoppe of
ale-drapery, ib. (Nares). ./^/c-f n'/w/>fr (humorously ap-
plied to the alehouse-keeper's business).]
ALEER
[37]
ALGERINING
ALEER, adj. I.W. [alia-fr).] Empty ; unladen.
I.W.' Goo whooam \vi' the wagon alccr.
{^A- prob. repr. OE. ge\ cp. gekfre, empty ; or the pre/.
maj' = on (the pref. of state or condition). Sec Leer.]
ALEGAR, sb. Obsol. n.Cy. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf. Der. Not. Lin. Lei. Wor. e.An. Also written allekar
Wm.'; alliker n.Yks.2 ; elliker w.Yks.'; elekar w.Yks.^ ;
aliker e.Lan.' ; allegar Chs.' s.Chs.' Stf.' ; allecar, alle-
kur n.Lin.' Vinegar made from ale ; malt vinegar ; sour
ale used as vinegar.
N.Cy.', Cum. Gl. (1851). Wm. Ya drop o alligar may be an
ocean tosictiny inhabitan(t1s, HurroN Bran New IVark (1785) 1- 91 ;
An gav him sum allcker, Wheeler Dial. (1790) 56 ; Wm.' w.Yks.
Elekir, Lerds Meix. Siippl. (Mar. 16, 1889'! ; Fetch a pint of allica
(F.P.T.) ; Born wi' soa mich eliker i' ther blooiil, Hartley Piiiiiliti
(1876) 358 ; Her face turned as sahr as eilikcr, Saunterer s Satchel
(1879) ai ; T'privates is allaud rost mutton, an a bottle a helligar
an watter, wha wine they call it, Tom Treddlehoyle Bairtisia
Ann. (1847") 46 ; Sittin astride of a barril at we used to mack
helliger in, li. M. Miiffindoa/^iS^'^) ^^■, Saltan pepper, mustard
an helliker, Piidsey Otm. (1888) 14. Lan. Deeds as sharp as
alegar awth' whoile. BYROMFofH;s(i773) I. 117. ed. 1814. m.Lan.'
Th' best shop i' Blegburn for alicker is a jerryshop aside o' wheer
aiw live ; but yo' hevn'd to ax for id bi name. Yo* simply sit deawn
an' CO* for a gill o' ale fresh drawn. Chs.' Allegar, vinegar, origin-
ally such as was made from ale, but now applied to all kinds of
vinegar. Wilbraham says the word is generally used with the
adjunct 'vinegar* — allcgar-vincgar, but it is not so used now at
Macclesfield. s.Chs.' Hey's shcdden my drop o' allegar. Der. 2,
Not' Lin.' That pancheon is chock-full of alegar. n.Lin.' Alegar,
sour ale used as a substitute for vinegar. Lei.' Alegar is to ale
what vinegar is to wine. ' Malt vinegar' is perhaps its modern
equivalent. Wor. Grose (1790) A/5, urfrf. (M.) e.An.', Suf.'
Altrib. in Alegar skrikers, thin gruel flavoured with
vinegar.
Chs.' 3
[Alegar, sour ale; a kind of acid made by ale, as vine-
gar by wine, which has lost its spirit, Johnson ; Alegar
(q.d. Ale-eager), sour ale or beer, a sort of vinegar, Bailey
(1721); Aleger, the vinegar made of sour ale, Blount
{1681) ; Alegar, quo nomine ntslici agri Line. &^ per toliiin
Angliae Seplentrioiialis traclum Ace/iiin cerew'siae non litpu-
lalae appellant, q.d. Ale Eager, vel Eager Ale, i.e. sour ale.
Skinner (1671) ; Soure and tarte thj'nges as venegre and
aleger, Boorde Dyetary (15421 296; With venegre or
eysel or with alegere. Cookery Books (1430) 28. Ate + egre
(Fr. aigre, sharp, sour).]
ALE-HOOF, sA. Yks. Shr. Sus. Dev. Cor. Also written
ale-hoove in Shr. and Sus., alliff in e.Sus. [el-iif,
e 1-uv.] The ground ivy, Nepeta Glechoma.
w.Yks.^ At Eyam it is, or was, used in the brewing of ale instead
of hops. Shr., Sus. Ale-hoove, i.e. that which will cause ale to
heave or work [sic]. Dev. Where ale-hoof and the borage, too. Hold
forth their gems of blue, Capern Bnl/ads Ij8$8) 128. Cor. Jack
would take the children and collect bitter herbs to make the beer
keep, such as the ale-hoof (ground-ivy), mugwort, . . . and pellitorj',
HuntP(>/>. Rom. w.Eiig. (1865) I. 44.
(Ale-hoof, ground-ivy, so called, because it serves to
clear ale or heer—Hedrra bnestris, L., Bailey (1721);
Ale-hoof (herb), Hedera kneslris. Coles (1679); Patle df
chat, Cat's-foot, ale-hoof, tune-hoof, ground ivy. Gill
creep by the ground, Cotgr. (1611) ; ' The women of our
Northerne parts, especially about Wales and Cheshire,
do tunne the herbe alehoof into their ale ; but the reason
tlicrcof I know not : notwithstanding without all con-
trouersie it is most singular against the griefes aforesaid :
being tunned vp in ale and drunke, it also purgcth the
head from rheumaticke humors flowing from the brain,
Gerard I lerba/l (1597) II. 856. Ale+Aoo/; /inn/ rcpr. an
earlier /love {Prompt. 250), OE. /lii/r, the ground ivy. In
ME. the ordinary name for tlie plant was liai-liovc (/loi/ri ;
see Voc. 786. 29, Prompt, (notes) 250, and Meals and
Manners (E.E.T.S. No. 32) 68.]
ALE-HOUSE, sb. Widely diffused throughout the
dial. Also written aalhouse W.xf.' ; alehus Nhp.';
ale'us w.Yks.^ ; alus n.Yks.' Ken." ; al-hoos nc.Yks.' ;
yalhoose n.Yks.* ne.Yks.' e.Yks.' ; yale-hus Nhp';
yalus n.Yks.' ; yelhusNhp.'; alius e.An.' [i'las, esias,
yelas.] A house where ale is sold.
So. Na, sir, 1 never gang to the yill house, Scott Rob Roy {i&i-])
xiv. Edb. We jogged on till we came to the yill-housedoor, MoiR
Mansie tVaiich (,1828) xiii. Wxf.' Yks. Wi' lads, te t'yal-house
gangin', Ingledew Bfl//o(fe (i860 227. n.Yks.'* ncYts.' Ahseed
him i t'yal-hoos suppin yal. e.Yks.' w.Yks. Ale'us, Wk/ld. IVds.
Nhp.' Alehus, a small public-house, or beer-shop. e.An.' w.Nrf.
Shaking off the ashes from his short black pipe on to the clean
sanded floor of the al'us, Orton Beeslon GhosI (1884) 4. Ken.
An' dare was aluses by swarms, Masters Dick and Sal (c. X821)
St. 63. Sus. Dc butcher kipt a aluss too. Lower Tom Cladpolt
1 1831) St. 54. Som. Yal'house, Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825).
e.Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
[Would I were in an ale-house in London, Shaks.
Hen. V, III. ii. i2. _ ME. The word ale-lms occurs in Horn.
ii. 11. OE. eala-hiis {Laws 0/ Et/ielb.).]
ALEING,s6. Obs. Ken. An entertainment given with
a view to collecting subscriptions from guests invited to
a brewing of ale.
Ken.'; Ken.^ An aleing, i.e. where mirth, ale, and music are stirring;
'tis a custom in West Kent for the lower class of housekeepers to
brew a small quantity of malt, and to invite their neighbours to it,
who give them something for a gratification ; this they call an
aleing, and they do it to get a little money, and the people go to
it out of kindness to them.
[Aleing or aling, vbl. sb. from ale (taken as a vb., see
A\e) + iiig.]
ALENTH, adv. n.Sc. (Jam.) In the direction of the
length. In phr. to come alentli, to arrive at maturity ; to
gae far alenlli, to go great Icngtlis; to be far alenlh. to be
far advanced, to make great progress or improvement.
[Alength, at full length, along, stretched along the
ground, Johnson ; Alength, inlongtini. Coles (.1679). A-,
on + length.]
ALEXANDER(S, sb. Sc. Cor. Written allsanders
Cor.'* ; alshinder, elshinder Sc. A plant-name : Sniyr-
nitim olitsatnim, or Horse-parsley.
Sc. Dear me', there's no an alshinder I meet, There's no a whinny
bush that trips my leg . . . But woos remembrance frae her dear
retreat, Donald and Flora, 82 (Jam.). Cor.' *
[Alexandre, the herb great parsley, Alexanders or
Alisaunders, Cotgr. ; Herbes and rootes for sallets and
sauce : Alexanders at all times, Tusser Iliisbandrie (1580)
94; Alysaunder herbe orstanmarche, Macedonia. Prompt.
OE. alexandre {'m the Leechdoms) ; also AFr. alisanndre,
the horse-parsley. Vr. alisandre (Valsgr.). The MLat.
name was Petrosetiniim Ale.xandriniim.]
ALEXANDRA PLOVERS, sb. e.An.
e.An.' Alexandra Plovers, Kentish plovers (Argiali/is cantiana),
so called by Brcydon gunners, E. T. Booth in Rougli Notes.
ALGATE, ALGATES, ALL GATES, adv. n.Cy. Nhb.
Wm. Yks. Chs. Ucr. Lin. [g-l-get, 9l-ge3t, Nhb. ^-l-giat,
Wm. 9gi3t.]
1. In every way, by all means.
N.Cy.' Nhb. Aa've sowt for'd all gj-els (R.O.H.>; Nhb.' Aa've
been up and (loon aallgates. Wm.' Augeates, in all ways. n.Yks.*
They tried all geeats to get it. Clis.' Obs. Der.* Lin. All-gates,
all means, Streatfield Lin. and Danes 1,1884) 315 ; n.Lin.'
2. However, at all events, at any rate.
Nhb.'
[1. Algates, by any means, Bailey (1755) ; Wyll you
algates do it ? le votites vonsfaire tout a force ? Palsgr. 829 ;
Algatys or allewey, Oinnino, oninimodo, peniliis. Prompt. ;
So that, algates, she is the verray rote Of my disese,
Chaucer Af. /". xxii. 43. 2. Algate, notwithstanding. Coles
(1677); Algates, for all that. Kersey; Algates songes
thus I made Of my feling, myn herte to glade, Chaucer
M.P. hi. 1171. The older form was alegate, i.e. allegate,
in every wnv ; see Gate.]
ALGERINING, sb. Chs. The act of prowling about
with an intention to steal ; robbery.
Chs. It were nobbut that algerining gallows-tang, Joe Clarke,
Croston Enoch Crump (1887) 14 ; Chs.' He goes about algerining
and begging [often said of a tramp] ; Chs.^
[Prob. from Atgerine, an inhabitant of Algiers. The
greatest commerce of the Algerines consists in the mer-
ALIAN
[38]
ALL
chandize which they obtain by the piratical plunder of the
Christians over the whole Mediterranean, Bailey (1755).]
ALIAN, s*. Ohs. Hrt.
Hit. A sheep suckling a lamb not its own, or a lamb suckled by
a sheep, not its dam, Ellis Mod. Htisb. (1750") IV. i. 115.
[For alien, that which belongs to another.]
ALICE, sh. Nrf. Dev, [seiis.] In plant-names: (i)
Saucy Alice, Polygoiiinn persicayia (Nrf. Yarmouth);
(2) Sweet Alice, ^n7A/s alpina, Alyssiim maritiiiiitiii ( Dev.).
Dev.* Sweet AUce, Aiyssunt itiantitnnm. Alyssum or Allison
has been changed into (i) Anise. . . and (2) Alice.
{AlyssiiDt, botanical Lat. for alysson (Pliny), Gr. liXva-anv,
the name of a plant ; oKvaaoi, curing madness, a (prev.)-l-
Xi'o-cra (madness) Cp. Coles (1679): Alyssoit, Alyssum,
wild hemp or madwort ; Alyssits, an Arcadian fountain
curing the biting of mad dogs.]
ALICK, sh. Ken. [aelik.j Smymium olusatntm ;
also called Alexanders, q.v.
Ken. [At Dover] men, women, and children, sailors and country-
folk, all call it by one name — Alick,
ALIE, sb. Sh. and Or.I. A pet, a favourite. See
Alie, I'.
S. & Ork.^ An alie lamb,
2, Conip. Alye-caddie. A pet lamb.
ALIE, V. Sh.I. To pet, to cherish.
Sh.I. (W.A.G.) S. &Ork.i
[Supposed by some to be connected with ON. ala, to
bear, to nourish, spec, used of the rearing of a pet lamb,
but the form is difficult to account for.]
ALIE, adv. Som, Dev. [slai'.] In a recumbent posi-
tion, lying flat.
w.Som.i The grass is shockin bad to cut, tis all alie. Zend out
and zit up the stitches, half o'm be alie way this here rough wind.
nw.Dtv.^
{A-, on -^ lie, sb,from //i?,vb,,to be in a horizontal position.]
ALISON, see Elsin.
ALIST, nn'i'. Obs. Sc. To come alist, to recover from
faintness or decay ; used with regard to one recovering
from a swoon (Jam.).
Sc. But well's my heart that ye are come alist, Ross Helenore
(1768) 8.
[Perhaps repr. OE. alised (y, te) freed, let loose, pp. of
atiesai!.'\
ALIVE, adj. Cor. [alai'v.]
Cor. 2 When a mineral lode is rich in tin, copper, &c., it is said
to be alive, in conti-adistinction to deads, q.v.
ALK. see Auk.
ALKIN, plii: used attrib. n.Sc. Yks. Chs. Also
written allkyn, alkyn (Jam.) ; allkins n.Yks.* m,Yks,i
Of every kind,
Sc, They still say 'aw kin kind ' (Jam,), n,Yks,l Of all sorts,
various and intermingled, m.Yks.', Chs.^^
[ME. alkyn. Jlere schall {)ou alkynne solas see (solace
of every kind), York Plays, 493; Alkyn crafty men ( =
craftsmen of every kind), P. Plowman (b,) vi. 70 ; more
commonly alkynnes (see P. Ploivman, glossary). OE.
ealles cynnes, of every kind, gen. of eall cynn.]
ALklTOTLE, sb. n.Dev, Also written alkithole
(Holloway), [alkitua'tl.] A foolish fellow.
n.Dev. Go, ya alkitotle ? ya gurt voolish trapes I E-^cm. Ciislip.
(1746)1.470; Go, ya alkitotle, why dedst tell zo ? 16. 1. 577 ; I mind
an alkitotle o't Avore a month had got a-quot. Rock Jim an' Neil
(1867) St. 61.
[I am an oaf, a simple alcatote, an Innocent, Ford
Fancies (N.E.D.),]
ALL, adj. and adv. Var. dial. Also written a' Sc,
t<j3l, 9I, 9, Sc, a,]
1, adv. Entirely, quite, fully.
w.Yks.2 He fell down and all dirtied his brat. Sur.' It's all ten
year agoo [meaning ten years and more]. Som. I should want all
vive poun'toboot,RAVMONDSa»!nnrf5aA/Krt(i894)6o; w.Som,' Her
gid'n all so good's he brought. Her and he be all o' one mind about
it, Cor,i All, used frequently as an augmentative, as ' all abroad,'
2, 'With sb., having the taste or smell of
■War.^ Glo.' This pan is all onions. 'What is this bottle all ?
3, All, not implying totality, but the completion of a
series ; therefore equivalent to last, final.
w,Som.i Plaise, sir, all the coal's a finished — i.e, the last of it,
Aay shl dig au'I mee tae-udeez tumaar'u [I shall dig all my pota-
toes to-morrow — i.e, I shall complete the digging]. This would be
perfectly intelligible, even if the speaker had been digging con-
tinuously for weeks previously. So, ' I zeed em all out ' means not
that I saw the whole number depart, but the last of them,
4, All, adj., followed by a noun in the sing. : every,
Sc, Ane couldna hae een to a' thing, Scott Midloiliian (1818^ xv ;
I thought you were named Robbie A'Thing from the fact of your
keeping all kinds of goods, Ramsay Reinin. (1859) II. 128. w.Sc.
The world lay besotted, and swaltering in all sorte of superstition,
Blame of Kirkbuiinll, xiii. In Scotland even when 'the' is used, the
noun that follows is in the singular, as ' He has all the kin' o' things
needed,' The English structure is, however, also used (Jam.
Siippl.). Frf, He was standin' at the gate, which, as a' body kens,
is but sax steps frae the hoose, Barrie 77u'»;;z5(i889') 211, ed, 1894.
Ir. Is that generally believed ? — It is by a' man (^W.J,K,).
5. Comp. and phr.
I. All-a-bits, in pieces or rags ; — about, see below ;
— abroad, — acock, see Abroad, Acock ; — afloat, in
disorder ; — ahuh, see Ahuh ; — ains, see Even ; — along,
(i) continuously from the first, (2) at full length ; — along
of, — along on, see Along of; — among, mingled con-
fusedly together; -a-mtiggle, disorderly, untidy; — and
some, one and all ; — as is, the whole of the matter, all that
remains ; ■ — as one, the same thing ; — as oneas, just like ;
— at a bang, — at a slap, all at once ; — at home, quite sane ;
-aveer, altogether; -a-yock, see Ahuh; — b'ease, easily,
quietly; — but, (i) except, (2) almost; — ends and sides,
(i) all around, in every direction, (2) unreliable, scatter-
brained ; — evers, hyperbolical phrase meaning for a long
time, for all occasions ; -fare, for good and all ; — fives,
a game of cards ; -fore ; — for nothing, in vain ; -heal, — in,
see below ; — in a charm, all singing or talking at once ;
-in-all, very intimate ; — in a lump like a dog's breakfast,
an Ir, comparison ; — in a niuggle, see all-a-muggle ; — in
a piece, stiff with cold or rheumatism ; -in-one, at the same
time ; — intents and purposes, the best of one's ability, as
much as possible ; -in-the-ivcll, a boy's game ; — makes, all
kinds; — manner, (i) all sorts, (2) see below, (3) in an ex-
traordinary way ; — manner o' gatherins, — manner o' u'hat,
see below ; -manners, all sorts, all kinds (gen. used dis-
paragingly); — my eye and Betty Martin, an expression of
incredulity ; — my lone, alone ; — my time, my best exer-
tions; — nations, profusion; — naught, of no value or
importance ; — of, used with sb. in a quasi-adjectival
manner ; — of a hot, suddenly, unexpectedly ; — of a huh,
see Ahuh ; — of a kidney, much alike, of the same kind ;
— of an upshot, unexpectedly; — of a piece, (i) of an
eruption or sore : almost entirely covered, (2) stiff, crip-
pled by rheumatism, (3) evidence to prop up a false story ;
— of a pop, swampy ; — of aquob, see below; — of a rattle,
at once; — of a row, a child's game; — of asken, (i) dazed,
(2) oblique, awry ; — of a sivim, very wet ; — of a twitter,
trembling; — on, continually, without stopping; — one,
all the same ; — one as, just like ; — one for that, not-
withstanding, in spite of; — on end, (i) eager, expectant,
(2) in confusion ; — on for, in earnest for; -over, -over-
hack, -sales, see below ; -same, of no consequence ; — same
time, nevertheless, notwithstanding; — serene, quite satis-
factory : — shirt-neck, see below ; -sides, all together ; -so,
corruption of all-save, except ; — so be, all the same,
however; — so he as, although; — sorts, (i) a scolding,
(2) very much ; — that, — to that, more of the same nature ;
— that ever, barely, only just ; — that's in it, merely; — the
birds in the air, — the fishes in the sea, two games played
by children in Suf ; — the go, in the fashion ; — the one,
the only one ; — there, of competent understanding; — the
same as,\\V.^,^\c\\ as; — the kv^;-, fashionable ; -to, see
below ; — to a muggle, see -a-muggle ; — together like
Broivn's cows, an Ir, comparison ; — to naught, (i) quite,
completely, altogether, (2) see below ; — to nothing, see
all to naught (ij ; —to one side like the handle of a jug, an
Ir, comparison ; — to smash, ruined ; — under one, at
the same time ; — up, all over, ended ; — upon heaps,
in disorder ; -ups, — within itself, see below.
ALL
[39]
ALL
Dnr.* All-o-bits, broken. n.Lin.' He brok my cheSny tea-pot wi'
John Wesla' head on it all e' bits, an then said a metal un wo'd do
for a ohd thing like me. A man who has become a bankrupt is
said to have tmnbled all e' bits. Brks.' A carriage badly smashed
by an accident is said to be all in bits. w.Yks. All about, nearly;
also close at hand. Ther'd be all abaht a score o' fowk at t'funeral.
Whear's yahr Jim ? — Aw, he's all abaht [near by], Lerds Merc.
Stippl. (,M.iy 9, iSgil ; It wor all abaht twenty thahsand 'at he
failed in (J. R.). War.^ All about, in a state of confusion. We're
all about, we've got the painters in the house. All about it, the
whole matter. Yo'r Joe hot our Lizzie, an' 'er tank'd 'im agen wi'
th' broom, an' that's all about it. Hrf. & Shr. In the county of
Hereford, to get all about in one's head, means to become light-
headed, muddled, confused. That's all about it. Bound Pmv.
(1876). Oxf.i MS. add. w.Yks.3 All alloits [all afloat!, all in dis-
order, (i) w.Yks.2 You ha\'e all along been my friend. Stf^ n.Lin.*
Iv'e gone on that foot-ti'od all along ony time this tho'ty year. Th'
Hea runs all-long o' west side o' Ketton Parish. LeL' A wur a-
callin'of'im all along. Shr.' 'E's bin comin'all alung ; Shr.^ This'ns
all alung. w.Som.' Aay toa'uld ee zoa aul ulau-ng [I told you so
throughout]. T-u biin shau-keen saar'us wadlrur au'l ulau'ng
[it has been shocking harvest weather without change from the
commencement], (a) s.War. A-la-inout all alon" on the flur, IVIiy
Joliii i^G.H.T.). w.SomV Eeaup wai U2 vuys un aat-n aul ulau'ng
[he up with his fist and hit him down flat]. A.iy eech me veot un
vaald au-1 ulau-ng [I caught my foot and fell at full length]. Lin.*
All-amang-pur, mixed confusedly together. Brks. 'Hev'ee seed
aught o'my bees?' 'Ee's,lseen em.' ' Werbe'em then?' 'Aalamang
wi' ourn in the limes.' *Aal amang wi' yourn!' exclaimed the
constable. Hughes T. Brown 0.\:f. (1861) xxiii. I.W.' When
different flocks of sheep or herds of cattle are mixed together, they
are said to be * aal amang one another.' Wil. Allemang, Hollo-
WAY ; Wil.* Zweethearts, an wives, an children young, Like sheep
at vair, be ael among. Slow Smi/in Jatk. w.Som.* In a muddle,
confusion. Uur ziimd au'l tiie u muug'l, pooHir soal, aa'dr ee duyd
[she seemed all to a muggie. poor soul, after he died]. n.Lin.*
All and some, one and all. Lei.' Oill tell yer missus on yer, an'
that's all as is. War.^ If yO' don't like it, yO' can lump it, and
that's all as is. w.Wor.' The pot's purty nigh emp. but I'll give
'ee ahl-asis. Shr.' Now Turn, all as is is this; if yo' dunna stop
a-wham an' be tidy I mun lave yo' 1 so now yo' knovven. Wil.*
Aal as is as you've a-got to do be to volly on hoein' they turmuts
till I tells 'ee to stop ! e.Yks. Pay which of us you lik. we're all as
yan (W.IL). s.Stf. It's all as one whichever did it, Pinnock lilk.
Cy. An>t.{\&<)^)\ Stf.2 n.Lin.' It's all's one to me whether you paay
me noo oro' Setterda' neet. se.Wor.* Thee cunst g66 ar stop, Bill ;
it'sallasone. Shr.>It'sallaBoneto me. Som. Gen Ic volk or poor
volk,'tisali as one, Raymond Low nm/^mfi LifeiiSg^) 194. Ir.The
clergy lived upon the best footin' among one another, not all as one
as now, Yeats Flk-Tales (1888) 195. s.Ir. At last he became all
as one as tipsy. Croker Leg. (1862) 247. w.Yks. T'stulT went
dahn o' t'flooar all at a bang [or slap], Leeds Mere. Sttppl.
(May 9, 1891). n.Lln,* He's all at hoamc when ther's oht to do,
but he talks straange an' random when he's sitlin' by th' fireside.
Wxf.' Aul-aveer, altogether. Shr., Hrf. He's going along all b'ease,
BoundP/ok. (18761. Rdn. All-bcase, gently, quietly : put for ' all
by ease,' Morgan IVds. (1881I. (I'l -w.Yks. ^ I've got 'em all obbut
six. Lan. All dacent folk can laugh, obbut bnryin chaps [under-
takers], Clegg Til Derby (1890) 36 ; Aw cuddcnt be moore cum-
furtublur o whome, obut iv thee un me vvcr'n wed, Ormerod
Felleyfin Rachde (1856) 43 ; Lan.* 'Aw've finished,' said Dick,' obbut
polishin off wi' summut,' Brierley Irkdate (1865) 244, ed. 1868.
(2) Nhb.* When want has aabut owertyen us. She aaways keeps
maa heart abuin, Wilson PiVmoH's /'nvf 1843^ 13. n.Yks.* Chs.*
He's awbur done 'is wark. (i) n.Lin.* Gether them things up,
thaay're of all ends an' sides. (2) She's alus of all ends an' sides,
we can niver fix her to noht. n.Yks. He was for all iv\'ers in
finishing it I.W.l. w.Yks.' Tawak abart brass! he's brass enifT fur
awalivvers! n.Lin.* He's bOuks enif e' that room for all-ivers.
ne.Yks.' He's gone for all-fare. Slang. The customers arc fond of a
' hand at cribbage,' a ' cut-in at whist.' or a ' game at all fours.' or
'all fives,' Mayhew Loud. Labour (18641 I. 267. w.Som.* All-
vore, the wide open or hollow furrow left between each patch of
ground, ploughed by the same team, at the spot where the work was
begun and finished. Dev. All-vore. a trench left in ploughing, the
result of two furrows lying away from each other opp. to By-vore)
in the final ' pitch.' It is produced by ' throwing abroad,' Repoiis
Pmvinc. (1884I 32, s.v. Throw-abroad. Oxf.' Twuz all for nuthin",
MS. add. m.Yk 8.* All-heal, a miner's term for a new working.
w.Yks." All in, the cry by which school children are summoned
from their playground to their school business. . . . Ringers
still ring 'all in" as their last peal before the commencement
of Divine service. n.Wii. The birds was all in a charm this
mornin' (E.H G.). Brl s.' All in a charm, a confused noise
as when children are talking and playing together around one.
Nhp.* All-in all, very intimate. n.Lin.* All in a piece, stiff with
rheumatism, frozen, coagulated. I'm all in a peace like a stock-
fish. nw.Der.' Aw-i-one, at the same time. s.Wor. Farmer J
was a bad mon, he cussed me to all intents and purposes, Porson
Quaint IVds. (i%-i^) 2^. Nhb.' All-in-the-well. A circle is made,
termed the well, in the centre of which is placed a wooden peg,
with a button balanced on the top. Those desirous of playing
give buttons, marbles, or anything else, for the privilege of throwing
a short stick, with which they are furnished, at the peg. Should
the button fly out of the ring, the player is entitled to double the
stipulated value of what he gives for the stick. The game is also
practised at the Newcastle Races, and other places of amusement
in the North, with three pegs, which are put into three circular
boles, made in the ground, about two feet apart, and forming a
triangle. In this case each hole contains a peg. about nine inches
long, upon which are deposited cither a small knife or some copper.
The person playing gives so much for each stick, and gets all the
articles that are thrown off so as to fall on the outside of the holes
(Hall.). ne.Lan.* O-i-t-well, the game ' three throws a penny.'
Nhb.* They he' fornitor. an' crockery, an' byuts, an' shoes, an'
aamacks o' things. Wm. I'd fun ev o' macs. Bayth cooartin'. en'
fej'tin', Blezard Suqs. < 1848'! 33. w.Yks. A common phrase is
'all maks an' manders,' Leed'i Merc. Suppl. ;May 9. 1891 ; 'Ell 'ev
au maks o' toys at 'oam to laake wi' (F.P.T.). m.Yks.* I went in
to buy a bonnet-shape, and he showed me au maks. Chs.' Oo con
mak a dinner o' aw macks; 00 con mak one aht o' a dish-clout.
I I I nw.Der * That shopkeyper's aw mander a things 6 his shop.
(2) GI0.2 He came and did all manner [of insolence or injury].
Sus.* All manner, undefined goings-on of a discreditable nature.
There's been a pretty start up at the forge this morning! Fighting
and all manner. (3) Wor. I've been very bad, and the t'other night
a was a talking all manner, and a didn't knaaw what a was
a saying (U.K.). Nrf. All mander o' gatherins, all mander
[manner] o' what, otuniutit gatherutu (E. M.). Suf. All manner o'
what, all sorts of things 1 C.T.I ; All manner a wot, indiscrimi-
nate abuse i Wright). Brks.* Thaay was a-zaayin' all manners o'
things about her. I.W.* I zid aal manners of folks. Dur.* All my
eye and Betty Martin, a familiar expression used to show that, as
regards some particular transaction, there has been some deceit, im-
position,or pretence; it is thought to have had itsorigin in the begin-
ning of the old Komisli hymn — O nulii beate Maiiine. Cant. All
myeye, Allmyeye and Betty Martin. First used as a contemptuous
parody on a popish penitential praj'er. Life B. M. Carcw(i-]g\^.
Slang. As for black clothes, that's all my eye and Tommy, Poole
Hamlet Travestied, i. i (FarmerX All my eye, All my eye and
Bettj' Martin, All my eye and my elbow. All my cj-c and Tommy,
All nonsense, rubbish, Farmer. Gall. Oh, Patrick, do not faint
away again and leave me all my lone, Crockett Raiders (1894) 354.
N.I* All my lone. A' my lane, or All his lone, alone. [Amcr. All
of my lone, a negro vulgarism for 'alone,' Farmer.] w.Som.* 1 can
zee very well til take me all my time vor to get over thick job.
w.Yks.^ There were all nations of things on the table. All nations
enough, superabundance. w.Yks. If a person is telling a tale to
another, and this latter knows it to be untrue, he would probably
exclaim, ' Aw, that s all nowt I ' It is also said when persons use
arguments (in advancing an opinion) which are of no, or little,
weight, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (May 9, 1891% Lei.* All of a heap,
All of a dither. All of a mess. All of a puthei , All of a tremble.
Oi wur struck all of a heap. Som. A witness came on the prisoner
all of a hot. Spectator (Feb. 16, 1895) 230. w.Som.' All of a ugh.
Hmp. All of a kidney. Said of two people or two families whose
habits, tempers, or tastes agree in most things, 'Oh they are all of
a kidney,' with a certain amount of depreciation and mild con-
tempt (H.C.M.B.\ Cor. All on a nupshot, unexpectedly, in a
great hurry, Thomas Randigal Rhymes (^1895) 66. (1) w.Yks.
His face wor a sad seat, it war all of a piece J.R.). n.Lin.* Her
legs is all of a peace wi' harvist-bug bites. (3^ He was a nim'lc
yung man twenty year sin', but he's all of a peace noo, and walks
wi' crutches. (31 Tha'z no 'keyshun to say no more— it's all of
a piece (J.R.). Shr.* That theer end o' the yord's all of a pop
wuth las' neet's rain. Jb. All of a quob. This expression, often
used when speaking of boggy land, is sometimes also employed
to denote that peculiar condition in the body of a calf or sheep
which has been struck, i.e. died of a kind of apoi)lectic fit, where
the extravasated blood can be felt under the skin by pressure
of the hand on the parts affected. Cor. An' then she dried up
all of a rattle, an' snorted brave, Forfar Wisard ,1871) 38, 1. 7.
ALL
[40]
ALLAMOTTI
Suf. Allofarow,achiId'sgame(HALL.); 'AUofarow.' The leader
cries this out when his companions form a row facing him. Then he
cries 'Face about,' then ' Form a circle,' which they form around
him. Then 'March to the right,' then 'March to the left,' then
' All of a row,' when the game ends tF.H.). Lan. 1 1 1 When aw got
up aw wur o' of a sken, Cleworth Da/lie Dick (1888) 20 ; (2) AH
of a sken is applied to anything awry, whether lit. or fig. (S.W. )
Stf.^ It's been reenin' cats and dogs, an th' feld's aw of a swim. Lan.
Hegave me such afright, I amallofatwitteryet,GASKELLA/.Z)«)^OK
{1848) V. n.Yks. We're despat thrang all on, Tweddell CIcvel.
Rhymes (1875) 36. Ken.^ He kep all on actin'-about, and wouldn't
tend to nothin'. Sur.i He kept all on terrifying. Sus. While the
parson keeps all on a-preaching, Egerton Flks.aiidWays{\i>?,\)iOi,.
Sc. It'sa' ane to Dandle, Scott Ghv M [ iBislxxxvi; ' It'sa'ane' says
my Auntie, WHiTEHEAD/)rt/;/)aj|/ci 1876)238. Stf.^AUone. Shr.i
Brks.i 'Tis all one tome wher [whether] 'e goes ornot. Sus.' Well,
'tis all one whether ye do or whether ye doant. w.Som.' Wur
aay goo'us, ur wur aay doa'un, t-aez au'I waun tu mee [whether
I go, or whether I do not, it is just the same to me]. Ir. Father
Corcoran whispered all one as a mass . . . into Mrs. Dempey's own
ear, Barrington Sketches (1830) \\. v. Sus. Wearing it was all
one as if you had your head in the stocks, Egerton Flks. and Ways
([884, 131. n.Wil. Simmin to I these here vlawers be all one as
moondaisies(E. H.G.). Wil.^ I be' tire ly bio wed up all one as a drum.
GI0.2 All's one for that [notwithstanding your objection, the case
rernainsthesame], WiL^It medn't be true allone for that. (i)Som.
All on een, on tiptoe, eager, W. & ]. Gl. (,1873 ; w.Som.i The writer
heard in reference to an exciting local trial : We wuz au'I un een
tu yuur tied u-kaa-rd dhu dai [we were eagerly anxious to hear who
had carried the day, i.e. won the trial]. (2) Stf.^ What a muck mess
the'st gotten th' hais into, it's aw on end. War.^ Don't call to-day,
we're all on end. Shr.^ Them things bin all on end agen, I see.
w.Yks. He's all on for devvin' his best to get Ben TiUett inta Parlia-
ment this next time, Leeds Merc. Siippl. (May 9, 1891). Slang.
All-over, a game. The games appertaining to the playground con-
sisted of prisoners' base, . . . all-over, Wickham Blue-Coat Boy
(i84i)x. w.Yks.s All-ower-baek, a juvenile game. Suf.^ All-sales,
all times. w.Som.i Taez aul sae um tu mee, aay tuul ee, wuur
yiie du buy un ur noa [it is of no consequence to me, I tell you,
whether you buy it or not], Aay zaed aay wiid-n, aul sae'um
tuym, neef yiie-1 prau-mus, &c. [I said I would not (do it),
nevertheless, if you will promise, &c.] w.Yks. 'AH serene,'
said Sammywell, Hartley Sects (1895) x. Colloq. All serene,
all right, all's weU. 'You're all serene, then, Mr. Snape,' said
Charley, 'you're in the right box,' Trollope Three Clerks [iS^-j)
xlv (FarmerV w.Yks. All shirt neck, cutting a great figure,
CuDWORTH Norton (1880). I.W.i Goo down to plough, allsides;
I.W.2 We be gwyne to begin dreshin allzides to-morrow mornin.
Hrf &Midl. All so. A Herefordshire woman stated in my hearing that
by 'three months all-so a fortnight' she meant 'two months and two
weeks,' N. & Q. (1866) 3rd S. ix. 450 ; Hrf.i Sixpence also two-
pence [i.e. all but twopence] ; Hrf.^ That row o' taturs was all rotton
all-so these few. Have you finished ? — Yes, also that [i.e. all but that].
Dev. Loose me . . . I'm not in love with you. I like you, all so be,
Mortimer Tales Moors (1895) 22; I wouldn't back myself to vind
'un, all zo be as I know the moor as well as here and there a one,
ill. 200; ' Maybe, you'm better hand nor me,' said Granfer. testily;
'all zo be as you wornt horned afore me,' il>. 289. N.I.' (i) She
gave me all sorts for not doin' it. (a) She was cryin' all sorts. It
was raining all sorts. w.Ir. Let alone the two towers, and the
bishop, and plinty o' priests, and all to that, Lover Leg. (1848) I.
91. Cum.i She fand it varra sweet an' good an o' that. Sc.
Can you lift that ? — It's a' the tcer [that e'er] Jam. ). Sus. Folk do
sey as taiint alt sinitdis, Jackson SoM//ii<;'«)-rf//o 18941I.338 ; Sus.'
Alltsinit [all that's in it], merely. nw.Der.' All the birds in the
air, a SufTolk game. w.Yks. Broad-brim'd hats is all t goa wi't
lasses just nah. Banks IFk/ld. Wds. (1865). N.I.i Is this all the one
you have? Wm. She's o t'yan uv her niudd'r, Richardson Sng. Sol.
(1850: vi. g. w.Yks. Tha raves an' storms at sich a rate. As if tha
worn't all theear, Spencer Poems, 249; w.Yks.^ He's not all there.
s.Not. Tighten your moulh, Teddy. Yer needn't let everybody know
as you're not all there, Prior Rcine (1895) 222. n.Lin.i He talks
straange an' random, but he's all theare when one wants oht.
sw.Lin.i Oh, he's all there, safe enough. She's not quite all there ;
she's not right sharp, poor lass. Dor. ' He's all there ! ' said number
four, fervidly. Hardy Madding Crowd (iS-h)vu. Slang. When any-
thing was wanted he was • all there,' Payn Thicker than Water
(1883! XX I Farmer.) Nrf. All the same as the lily amunst thorns,
so is my love amunst the darters, Gillett5h^. So/, (i860 1 ii. 2. Cor.2
Oal the wor, in the fashion. Hoods be oal the wor, and bunnets be
wered wai a dep. w.Yks.^All-to, obs., but appears in ancient inscrip-
tion, 1522. Almondbury Ch. : W' a crown of thon My hed all to
torn. w.Som.i Where in other dialects they say 'all of or 'all
in,' we say ' all to,' Aay wuz u streokt aud tiie u eep [I was
struck all of a heap]. All to a muck. All to a sweat. All to a shake,
AH to a miz-maze, All to a slatter. (i) Myo. Sure the mare wants
a rist, an' it'll shute her an' me all to nothin'. Stoker Snake's
Pass (1891) iv. n.Yks.i Ah aims yon's t'best stirk, Jooan. — Ay,
man, it beats t'ither all to nowght. e.Yks.' Ah can beeat him
all tl nowt.at walkin, MS. add. (T.H.) Chs.^ He's all to nought
the best man. n.Lin.' In thease wet years top-land beats warp
land all to noht. (2) n.Yks.' All to nought, a phrase imply-
ing an approach towards nothingness more or less real and
effectual. He has gone away all to nowght, he has wasted away
to a mere shadow ; n.Yks.^ An all-to-naught concern, a hollow
speculation. w.Yks. AH to nowt, with no definite aim or re-
sult (J.T.). [It will be all to one a better match for your sister,
Austen Sense and Sensibility, xxx.] N.I.' AH to one side like the
handle of a jug. Lan. Maister, maister, dam's brossen and aw's to
smash (Hall.). Brks.i All to smash, totally wrecked. w.Som'.Au-l
tiiesmaa'rsh. [Amer. All-to-smash. This expression is often heard
in lowandfamiliarlanguage, Bartlett ] w.Som.lTidn worth while
to go o* purpose vor that there — hon I comes up about the plump,
can do it all underone. n.Lin.i It's all up wi' them fine fine-weather
farmers that keaps the'r carriages. Quite well at ten. Had a few
friends to sup with me ; Taken ill at twelve. And at one it was all
up with me. Perversion (1856) II. 38. Oxf.' 'Tis all up wi'n this
time safe enough. Slang. A-double 1, all, everything, a cobbler's
weapon ; u-p, up, adjective, not down ; S-q-u-double e-r-s, Squeers,
noun substantive, a educator of youth. Total, all up with Squeers,
Dickens A'. Nickleby (1838) Ix ; It's all up, thinks I, Raby Rattler
(1845) v. e.Yks.' All uppa heeaps [all upon heaps], in a state of
disorder: used in reference to the furniture of a house, &c., MS.
add. (T.H.) [All-ups, a mixture of all qualities of coal, excepting
fine stack raised from one seam (CD.).] Sc.A lodging all within
itself, with divers easements [a house, from top to bottom, and
having several conveniences], Monthly Mag. (1798) II. 436.
P/ir. II. For all, in spite of, notwithstanding; for all the
world, exactly, precisely; for good and all, for ever, alto-
gether ; like all that, very well, very quickly.
Ayr. The rank is but the guinea stamp. The man's the gowd for
a' that. Burns For a' that (1795) St. i. w.Yks. O waint say there
wornt some stooans shifted for all that, Shemnld Ann. (1848) 7 ;
w.Yks.' I'll doot for all ye. e.Yks.' Ah wadn't gan, for all maisther
said Ah was, MS. add. (T.H.) Lei.' Fur all a's a paa'son, adoon't
justly knoo 'aow to tackle an o'd wench loike may ^me]. She would
for all anything go for a little walk. Nhp.' I'll do it for all you.
Oxf.' For all thee, in spite of you. w.Som.' Her's a-got about
again nice, thankee, and her's a-go to work again, for all twadn
but dree weeks agone come Vriday, the cheel was a-bornd. Vur
au-1 yiie bee su kliivur, yiie kaa-n kau-m ut [notwithstanding that
you are so clever, you cannot accomplish it]. Aa-y du yuur want
yiie du zai, bud vur au'l dhaa't, aay zum t-oa'n diie [I hear what
you say, but nevertheless, I seem (am convinced) it will not do].
s.Ir. It came on . . . mighty dark all of a sudden, for all the world
as if the sun had tumbled down plump, Croker Leg. (1862) 285.
Ir. Shut of them I'll be for good and all, Barlow Lisconnel {iBg^)
205. w.Yks.' He's gaan for good and all. Hnt. For good and all
(T.P.F.). w.Som.' Fes, shoaur! uur-v laf-m. naew vur geod-n
au'l [Yes, sure ! she has left him now for ever], n.Lxn.' To do
anything ' like all that ' is to do it very well or very quickly.
[1. It is all full of lies and robbery, Bible Nahiim iii.
I ; This gallant Hotspur, this all-praised knight, Shaks.
I Hen. IV, III. ii. 140. 2. Like Niobe, all tears, ih. Ham.
I. ii. 149. 4. Do all thynge without murmurynge,TiNDALE
Phil. ii. 14 ; Vndire his lordship and his niyght thou has
kasten all thynge, Hampole Ps. viii. 7.]
ALLAGRUGOUS, see Malagrugous.
ALLAGUST, sb. Obs. Sc. Suspicion.
Abd. Fan they saw us a' in a bourich they had some allagust
that some mishanter had befaln us, Forbes y)«. (1742) 16; Grose
(1790) MS. add. (C.)
[Prob. due to a phr. in i6th cent. Fr. Cela a le goust
(mod. gout), that has the smack, the taste, the ' soupcjon.'
Const, the taste ; also a smack or savour. Goitster, to
taste, also to have some experience, a little insight, mean
knowledge in, Cotgr.]
ALLAMOTTI, 56. Or.I. Also written alamonti ; ala-
motti S. S: Ork.' The Storm Petrel, Procellaria pelagica.
Or.I. SwAiNSoN Birds (,1883; 211. S. & Ork.'
ALLAN
[41]
ALLER
ALLAN, i7). Cum. [a-lsn.]
Cum.* A bit uf land nearly surrounded by water; an island.
ALL-ANERLY, adj. and adv. Also written alanerlie,
allanerlie, allenarly, allenarlie.
1. adj. used as sb. Only, sole.
Sc. My doo, my unfylet ane is but ane, she is the all-anerlie o'
her mitlicr, RonsoN Stig. Sol. (i860) vi. 9.
2. adv. Only, solely.
Sc. Who are accustomed to paj- to their own chiefs, allenarly,
that respect, Scott Leg. Mottt. (1830) iii. Edb. Scotland ... is
not like Goshen in Egypt, on whilk the sun of the heavens and of
the gospel sliineth allenarly, Scott Miillotliian (,1818) x.sxviii.
[1. James our second and allanerlie son, Holinshed Scot.
Chton. (\^Ql\ II. 51, ed. i8o6(N.E.D.). 2. That the licence
granted to beneficed persons to sett tacks be restrained
cither to liferent tack or to a nineteen vearetack allanerlie.
Row Hist. Kirk Scut. (1650) 218, Wodrow See. AII +
a/ier/v, q.v.]
ALLAN HAWK. sb. Or. and Sh.I. Sc. Irel. Also
written holland hawk Ayr. N.I.' ; oilan auk Ant.
1. The Great Northern Diver, Co/vinbiis f^//u-ia/is.
Ayr. SwAiKSOK Birds 1885 213. N.I.' Ant. Oilan auk. Allan
or Hollaiul liawk is used by tb.ose who are ignorant S A.B. i.
2. The Red-throated Diver, Colyiiibiis sepleiilrioiialis.
N.I.i
3. Richardson's Skua, Slercorarius crepidatus. See
Aulin.
e.Sc. Allan hawk, the aulin. so called on the shores of the
Solw.Ty Krith (Jam. Siif>J<l.}. NI.' The skua was called allan-hawk
in Mourne, co. Down.
ALLAVOLIE, ALLEVOLIE, adv. and adj Sc. (Jam.)
1. adv. At random.
Sc. I spoke it quite allcvolie.
2. adj. Giddy, volatile.
Sc. An alle-volie chield, a volatile fellow.
[Repr. the Fr. phr. a la voile, in full sail. Cp. Cotgr.
(s.v. Voile), Navire friand a la voile, an excellent sailer.]
ALLECAMPAGNE, see Elecampane.
ALLEECOUCHEE, fhr. Cor. Also written alley-
couchey. fee'li-kuji.] To go to bed.
Cor. Look 'ere, I'm a-goin' to allce-couchee ef et lasts like this,
* Q.* Troy Toivn t 18881 v ; About ten, as we W'as thinkin* to alley-
couchey, there comes a bangin' on the door, ib. Avtij^lits ami
Crosses (1891) 211 ; Cor.'
[Fr. aller (.v) cuiiclier, to go to bed ]
ALLEGATE, v. Irel. [aliget] To argiie, dispute.
Ir. They'll bicker and allegata about every hand's turn, Barlow
Idylls {iSgn) 180.
[Why, belike he is some runagate, that will not show
his name. Ah, why should I thus allcgate? he is of
noble fame, Peele (1599) III. 68, ed. 1829. A by-form of
allege, to adduce, to bring forward, formed from the ppl.
stem of Lat. allei;are.]
ALLEGATION, sb. Ldd. A dispute, quarrel.
Ldd. The country people would say ■ No more of your alligations'
(S.A.ai.
ALLEGOGER, vb. Ess.
Ess. Allegoger, to go out to a ship to sell provisions, £ss. Ar h.
Sac. (1863) II. 183. [Failed to obtain further information about
the word.]
ALLEKAY, sb. Sc. 1 0bs. Also written allakey,
allekay, alikay. The bridegroom's man, he who attends
on the bridegroom, or is employed as his precursor, at a
wedding (Jam.).
Sc. The bridegroom appoints two male attendants, termed e.xojjicio
allekeys, Edb. Mag. 'Nov. 1818) 4121 Jam.) ; On Friday next a bridal
stands At the kirklown : I trow we'll hae a merry day. And I'm to
be the alik.iv, The Farmer s Ha., st. 51, 53 , Jam.V Frf.
[Prob. the same word as OFr. alacay, a term applied to
crossbow-men in tlie 15th cent. See Ducange (s. v.
Laciiioiies). Hence Fr. laqiiais, a valet, a body-servant, a
lacquey. See Littre (s.v.I.]
ALLELUIA, or ALLELUIA PLANT, sb. [ffililfiya.]
(i) Genista tinctoria (Shr.); (2) Oxalis acetosella (Dor.).
Shr.* Alleluia, Genista /»/f/o;7rt. dyer's green-wood. Dor. Wood-
sorrel at Whitchurch is Alleluia Plant, Saniiii Dioc. Gas. (Jan.
1891) 14; (G.E.D.).
VOL. I.
[Ailelujah, the herb wood-sorrel, or French sorrel,
Bailey (1755) ; Ailelujah, wood-sorrcl, 0.i;)'s, Coles 11679I.
Fr. alleluia, filaiite de la faiiulle dcs O.xalidces, qui fleuiit an
temps pascal, IIatzkeld. The plant was so called because
it blossoms between Easter and Whitsuntide, when in
the Catholic Liturgy psalms ending with 'alleluia' were
sung in the churches. The plant bears the same name
in G. (Sanders), Fr. (Littre), It. (Florio), Sp. aleliiya
(Barciai. From MLat. alleluia, the ' Ilallekijah ' season.
Ileb. hallrlTi-jdh, i.e. praise ye Jah (or Jehovah).]
ALLEMAND, v. Obs. Ayr. To conduct in a formal
and courtly style.
Ayr. He presented her his hand and allemandcd her along in
a manner that should not h.Tve been seen in any street out of
a king's court, Galt Ainials (1821) 308.
[A vb. formed from Alleiitairde, a name given to various
German dances. These outlandish heathen allemandes,
Sheridan Rivals, iii. iv. 130. Fr. alleiiumde, (i) Air lent
a quatre temps, 12) Daiise a deii.v temps dun tiwuvement vif
(Hatzfeld). Allemand, a native of Germany ; Lat. .<-//<i-
mainuis.]
ALLEBIASH-DAY, sb. Obs. Ken. See below.
Ken.i Allemash day, the day on which Canterbury silk-weavers
began to work by candlelight. This word is certainly obsolete
now I 1895] iP.M.i ; Grose i 1790^.
[Grose (1790) suggests that allemash repr. Fr. allumage,
a lighting ; from alluiucr, to light, set on fire.]
ALLEN, see Old-land.
ALLER, ALLER-TREE, sh> \\'idcly diffused through-
out the dialects. Also written ellarCum.'; ellers.Sc. 1 1 am.)
N.Cy.' Nhb.' Dur.' n.Yks.'^ ne.Yks.' w.Yks.'^ n Lan.'
ne.Lan.' Sus.^; owler w.Vks.^^^''^ ne.Lan.' e.Lan.' Chs.'*
s Chs.' Der.^nw.Der.' n.Lin.' Shr.' Hrf.' ; owlder w.Vks.^ ;
oiler Nhb.' Won ; cllernShr.'; olerChs.' [e lair ,1, o la ri.j
1. The alder, Aliius glittiiwsa.
Bwk. He used no coals, hut a few green allers, Henderson Pop.
Rhymes (1856') 8. N.Cy.' Aller, the alder-tree. Nhb. Beneath the
allers, darklin', Co^Kf/ !?<?/<■ Sh<^.5. (1852; 120; Nhb.' w.Yks. Yen's
an owler-tree, doon by t'beck vF.P.T.). Lan. Th' poke wur . . .
i'th' tip top un o' hee owler-tree, Butterwoktii Sequel ,1819' 13;
My foot is on my native heath once more, barring that there are
two inches of solid owler inten-ening betwixt the two, Brierlev
Marloeis (1867) 6; There is an old rhyme which mentions
peculiar boughs for various tempers, as an owler [alder] for a
scolder, Harland & Wilkinson Flk-Lore ( 18671 238 ; Aw could
mak one eawt of a lump o' owler any day, Brierley Irkdale
(1865) xiii. Chs. As dree.some as Bostock's drumbo that th' owlers,
meetin' across, made dark at noonday, Croston Eiioeh Crump
(1887) 12 ; Chs.' Der. Roland . . . clutched at a friendly oler-trec,
Verney Slone Edge ^i868i v. Slir.' There is a place near Wem
called ' The Owlers.' Dor.' Hy black rin'd allers An' weedy shallers,
140. w.Som.', Dev.', nw.Dev.'
2. The soles of clogs ; so called from being made of alder-
wood.
Nhb.' He has on a pair o' new allers. Lan. I'd some'at to do to
bant him, but I leet him taste o' mi owler, now and then, Walh;h
Chim. Corner Maiirh. Cnlic (Aug. 14, 1874) ; Lan.' Owler[is , used
metaphorically as a synonym for clogs. He up wi" his foot an' gan
him some owler, i.e. kicked him.
3. Camp, [a) Black-aller, (i) the buckthorn, Rhammts
frangula. (21 the alder, Alnus glutiiwsa:, 'Whit-aller, the
common elder, Samhucus nigra.
{I il.V/. Black-alder, a translation of the old Lat. name,. -J/iiMSiir^'in.
w.Som.' Black-aller. Often so called to distinguish it from the
whit-aller or elder. nw.Dev.' Cor. Black-aller. y?//(?M;«m/;<i;ii'H/a
(berry-bearing alder", (a) w.Som.' The common alder is occa-
sionally called the Black-aller. Whit-aller, the elder.
(b) (i) Aller-bed, see below; (2 1 -bur, a knot or knob
in the alder-tree; (3) -bury, see below; (4) -float, a kind
of trout ; (5) -grove, (6) -trout, sec below.
(i) nw.Dev.i Aller-bed. a marshy place \.-here alders grow.
(2) Nhb.' AUcr-hurs, or knots, the turner makes into snulT-boxes.
(3) Dev. Allcr-bury, a plantation of alders, Monthly Mag. (1808)
II. 421. (4) N.Cy.' Allcr-float. species of trout frequenting deep
holes of shady brooks under the roots of the aller. 15 w.Som.'
AUer-grove, a marshy place where alders grow ; an alder thicket.
The term alw.-iys implies marsh, or wet land. ' U rig-lur aul ur
groav' would mean a place too boggy to ride through. ^6 Nhb '
ALLER
[42]
ALL-HALLOWS
Aller-troot, the small brandling trout or ' skegger,' called from their
habit of haunting the roots of alder-trees that grow by the side of
the stream. Oliver Fly-Fisliing (1834) 17.
[The aller, oiler, owler forms repr. OE. alor, the alder.
Ellar (ellcr) repr. ON. olr (elri-); cp. OHG. dim, erila
(mod. ellcr, crle). A nine, an aller or alder-tree, Cotgr. ;
Judas he iaped with luwen siluer And sithen on an eller
honged hyni after, P. Ploivinan (b.) i. 68.]
ALLER, sb.^ Dev. [ola^r).] A boil, carbuncle,
whitlow.
Dev. Aller, a pin-swill, a whitloe, Grose (1790") MS. add. (C.)
n.Dev. Suke died . . . A-cause her aller wanted letting. Rock Jiii:
an' Nell (1867) 31. Dev.' Aller, an acute kind of boil or carbuncle,
so called from the leaves of the aller being employed as a remedy.
[Etj'm. unknown ; but see word below.]
ALLERNBATCH, sb. Som. Dev. [ffi-lanbaetj.] A
boil, a botch or old sore.
w.Som.i Allernbatch, a boil or carbuncle. Pinswill is the com-
moner term. n.Dev. Dame, 'e've a-tichcd a allernbatch. Rock Jiin
an' Nell (1867) 23: Ner the allernbatch that tha had'st in thy
niddick, Exin. Scold. (1746) 1. 24 ; Monthly Mag. (_i8o8) II. 421;
Grose (1790) MS. add. f^M.) Dev.', nw.Dev.'
[The relation between this word and aller fa boil) is un-
certain. It may be a comp. of aller, or aller may be a
shortened form of allern-batch, with latter element sup-
pressed.]
ALLEY, sb} Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Lin. Lei.
Nhp. War. Shr. Ess. Ken. Som. Dev. [a'li, seU.]
1. The nisle of a church.
Cum. Oh how my heart would lowp for joy To lead her up the
ally, Relpii Misc. Poems (1747) 76. Wm. When she . . . woked up
t'ally, first yan, an then anndther glooard at her, Clarke Spec. Dial.
(ed. 1877) pt. i. 19, w.Yks.i Wid gotten hauf way daan t'middle
alley, when Billy turned back, Tom Treddlehoyle Bairnsla Ann.
(1853)35 ne.Lan.l n.Lin.' A woman from Kirton-in-Lindsey in-
formed the author that she never heard the passages between the
pews in churches called anything but alleys, until the Puseyites
began to make people particular about ' them soort of things.'
The north aisle of the choir of Lincoln Minster was formerly called
the chanters' alley. Lei.' Alley, a gangway in a church. The
various alleys are distinguished as 'side-alley,' 'middle alley,'
'cross-alley,' &c. Nhp.' War.^ Work about yo door & alles,
8/. 155. $d.. As/on Ch. Ace. (1714). Som. We poor voke be alwiz
foc'd to zit in the alley, Pulman Sketches (1842) 76, ed. 1871 ;
w.Som.i Miss F. said her seat [in church] was on the left side of
the middle alley. Dev. 1713 p'' for stones to mend y allier 15.,
E. Biidleigh Chwdn. Ace. (T.N.B.)
2. A pathway down the middle of a large room (as in a
factory between the rows of machines).
w.Yks. A passage past the ends of looms in a weaving-shed is
known as 't'broad alley' (J.R.) ; Alley, a central or main roadway
in a room, usually down the middle of it (F.R.).
3. A pathway in a garden between flower-beds, or
between the rows of hop-bines in a Kentish hop-garden.
Shr.' Yo' can play i' the gardin if yo'n mind to keep on the alley,
'cause yore faither's dug the ground. Ess. Sawe dust spred thick,
makes alley trick [neat, tidy], Tusser Hiisbandrie {isfio) 33, st. 35.
Ken. (i) The space between two rows of hop-hills. (2) By associa-
tion of ideas, also a row of hop-hills, e.g. the Lew-alley is the
outside row planted rather closer together to serve as a 'lew' to
the garden (P.M.).
Hence Alley-budge, -wagon.
Ken. Alley-budge, or Alley wagon, a kind of barrow on four
wheels for conveying and distributing manure into a hop garden,
constructed in such a manner as to pass up the allej's between the
hills, when the bines are grown (P.M.).
4. See below.
Chs.' The gangway between two rows of cows, which in very
old-fashioned shippons stand tail to tail. War. (J.R.W.)
5. Fie;, A way, means, device.
Der. Folks knows as thou'lt be for t'parish, and t'poor folk, and
none o' these crooked alleys for raisin' t'wind, so thee go in, ]l'kh.
Teleg. Dec. 2a, 1894) 12, col. i,
[1. The leads and timbers of great part of the north
alley of the church was broke in, Pliil. Trans. (1731)
XLI. 229 (N.E.D,). 3. An alley in a garden, Hvpethra,
snbdialis, anibiilatio. Coles (1679); These closei" alloys
must be ever finely gravelled, Bacon Essay (Gardens) ;
I am tlie flour of the feeld and the lilie of aleyes, Wyclif
Sng. Sol. (1382) ii. I. 5. The same fig. sense is found
in Fr. : Apres bien des alle'cs et des venues on est toinbe
d'accord, Hatzfeld. Fr. alle'e, a passage, ppl. sb. of aller,
to go.]
ALLEY, sb.^_ n.Cy. Dur. Wm. Yks. Nhp. [a-li.] A
limit or ' ring ' in games (see below) ; the line marking the
goal in a game of football ; the conclusion of the game
itself when the ball has passed the boundary.
N.Cy,' Alley, end of a game at football. Dur.' At the end of the
game of football, shinny, &c., the ball must pass a certain line or
mark, which is called the alley. Wm,' The circle marked on the
ground in games of marbles is called an alley ; so also, in burn-ball,
the circle or space in which the ' pitcher' stands. Put thi marbles
in t' t'alley. -w.Yks.' Nhp,' The space between the two stones
which mark the goal in the game of football,
Contp. AUey-mouth.
Lan.' Elly mouth, a boundorgoal in thegamc offoolball, ne.Lan.'
[A special meaning of Alley, sh}\
ALLEY, sb? Cor. [as'li.] Local name for the AUice-
shad, Alosa vulgaris.
Cor.' Alley, theallis-shad ; from its bony nature sometimes locally
called chuck-childern ; Cor,^
[A form of allice (or allis), also alloiues. Fr. alose, Lat.
alaitsa, a kind offish, the same as Clupea.]
ALL-FIRED, adj. and adv. Brks. Amer.
L adj. Enormous, excessive.
[Amer. A low expression ; probably a puritanical corruption of
hell-fired, designed to have the virtue of an oath without offending
polite ears. The doctor will charge an all-fired price to cure me,
Bartlett.] Colloq. ' Look at that 'ere Dives,' they say. ' what an
all-fired scrape he got into by his avarice with Lazarus,' Haliburton
Clockinaker (1835) ist S, xxiv ; You've been an all-fired time . . .
in selling those jars, Payn Thicker than /Fa/<:r(i883) xvii (Farmer).
2. adv. Exceedingly, intensely.
Brks. ' I be so all-fired jealous I can't abear to hear o' her talkin'
to — ' ... To me, you were going to say,' Hughes T. Brown O.xf.
(i86i) xl.
Hence All-firedly, adv. Enormously.
Amer, Rum does everything that is bad ; wonder if it is rum
that makes potatoes rot so all-firedlv, Bartlett.
ALL-GOOD, sb. Hmp, [§-l-gud.] Plant-name for
Clienopodiuni Boitus-Henricns.
Hmp.'
[All-good, herb Mercui-y, Good Henry. Coles (1677) ;
Algood groweth . . . about waycs, and pathes, and by
hedges, Lyte Dodoens, 560; Bon-Henry, the herb, Good
Henry, Good King Harry, and All-good, Cotgr.]
ALL-HALLOW(S, sb. Cum, Lan. War, Shr. Hrt. Hmp.
Also written Alhalon, AlhoUan, All-hollan, AU-hollands.
[o'l-alaz, 9'1-alan.]
i. All Saints. The festival of All Saints.
ne.Lan.' All Saints' day (Nov. i ). War, lJ.R,W,')
2. In comp. (i) -cakes, a special kind of cake made at
All-hallowtide ; (2) -day. All Saints' day, the first of
November ; (3) -eve, the eve of All Saints, see Hallow-
e'en ; (4) -tide, the season of the festival of All Saints.
(i) s.Hmp. In some places plum cakes are made on this day,
and for some weeks afterwards, which are called All-holland
cakes, Holloway, Hmp,' All-holland cakes, cakes cried about
on All Saints' day, (21 Hrt. Allhollandy, Ellis Mod. Hush. (1750)
VI. ii. 40. Hmp. All-hollands' day, Holloway. (3) Cum. Aw-
hallow-even. All Saints' eve, Gt. (1851), (4) Shr.' Alhalontid,
obs. Hrt, All hallows tide, Ellis Mod. Hash. ( 1750I VI, ii. 40.
[All-liallow, -s, repr. AII+ hallow (later /lallotvs), prop. pi.
forms of an irdj. ME. fialwe, OE, lullga, wk, form oiluilig
(whence holy), (a) The OE. pi. hiilgan passed through
the forms haliven, haloiven, haluive, haloives. (b) Tlie OE.
gen. pi. halgena (with dag-, lid) became halwene, hallowen,
hallown, hallon, holland. L («) All-hallowtide, the term
near All-Saints, Bailey (1755); Toiissainclsila Toitssaincls);
All-Saints day, All-hallow day, Cotgr. ; Betwixt Alhallow-
tide and Christmas, Mascall Plant. 16, 2. ia) Displeasant
to god and to all hallowes, More Heresyes, II. 196 (N,E,D.).
(b) Alhollantide, the first day of November, Bailey (1721) ;
Lincoln is kept in close imprisonment from All-hollantide
till the end of Christmas, Hacket Life of IVilliams, II, 131
ALLHEAL
[43]
ALLOW
(Dav.) ; Farewell, All-hallovvn summer! Shaks. i Hen.
IV, I. ii. 178; Alhalowen tyde, la Ions saiiiclz, Palsgk. ;
Of J>at tyme for to an-o))er tyme of lialowcne, Eiig. Gilds,
35>]
ALLHEAL, sb. [o-l-isl, pl-Il.] (i) Pniiiella vulgaris
(n.Yks. w.Chs.); (2) I'isaint albion (Sc). So called from
their supposed medicinal value.
Chs.', Chs.2 Pniitella vulgaris has several provincial names re-
ferring to its real or supposed healing qualities.
[(i) Pntnella. the herb Self-heal, Coles (1679) ; Oing-
lereule. Self-heal, Hook-heal, Sicklewort, Brunei, Prune!,
Carpenters herb, Cotgr. (2) They call it (Mistletoe)
in their language All-heale, Holland Pliny, I. 497.—
Also in the Hcrbals as follows :— All-heal, or Clown's
All-heal, Panax coloni. Hill Herbal (1812); All-heal,
Panax, Johnson ; All-heal, Prt«(7.v, Coles (1679) ; Clownes
Woundwoort, or Alheale, Gerard Herbal, 851.]
ALLICA, see Alegar.
ALLICOMGREENYIE, sb. Gall. A game played by
girls at country schools, similar to 'Drop-handkerchief
in England.
Gall. They form into a circle ; one goes round on the outside
with a cap, saying—' I got a letter from mj' love. And by the way
I drop'd it, I drop'd it.' She drops the cap behind one of the
party, who runs out and in and across the circle as quickly as
possible. If the follower breaks the course, she fails. Then the
one caught, or the one who fails, stands in the circle, and the other
goes round as before iJam. Stip/>l.).
ALLICOMPAIN, see Elecampane.
ALLIGATOR'S BACK, sb. GIo. Som. A serrated
ridge of tiles.
Glo., Som. The house is built with a roof sloping two w.->y5.
and surmounted by an ornamental erection known in the building
trade as an ' alligator's back' . . . which nins the whole length of
the roof, Bristol Times and Mirror (/\pr. 26. 18891 5. col. 6;
The three or four instances in which 1 have met with the word
all belonged to the Bristol district 'G.E.D.).
ALLIGOSHEE. 5A. War. Shr. Glo. Also written allee-
go-shee Glo. [aligo-Ji.] A game in which children link
arms and skip backwards and forwards, singing verses as
given below.
War. All-igo-shee, alligoshee, Turn the bridle over my knee,
GoMME Trail. Gaines (1894) I. 7. Shr. Bet.sy I?lue came all in
black. Silver buttons down her back. Every button cost a crown,
Every lady turn around. Alligoshi, alligoshee. Turn the bridle
over my knee, BURNE /7i!'-/.o/-f 1883 523. Glo Barbara, Barbara,
dressed in black. Silver buttons all up your back. Allcego shee,
allce-go shee, Turn the bridle over me, Gomme Tiad. Gaiins
(18941 I. 7.
ALLIMENT. sec Element.
ALLISTER, atlj. Ob.'^. Rxb. (Jam.) Sane, in full
possession of one's mental faculties.
Rxb. lie's no allister, he is not in his right mind.
[Alaslair is Gaelic Alexander. If from the personal
name, I should think it would be, ' he's no the Allister' ;
cf ' he's no the Sandy ' or ■ the Sam.' I do not know the
word (G.W.).]
ALLONCE, adv. Obs. Sc. Som. Also written all
anys (Jam.). Together.
Sc All anys, together ; in a state of union ^Jam ). Som. Let's go
allonce. Jennings Obs. Dial. iv.Eitg. (18251.
[All+once. ME. ones, anes, enes, formed from cne, OE.
ane (once), with -s advb. gen. suff.]
ALL ONLY, adv. n.Yks. [o-lianli-l
n Yks." Alleeanly, or Allonely. solely, or without exception.
[I sey not this al-only for these men, Chaucer TV. &•
Cr. v. 1779: Out-take Richesse al-only, R. Rose, 5819.
AlUoiih^O^.anlic).]
ALLOT, I'. Ubsol. Nrf. Suf Amer. To anticipate, look
forward to, intend. Gen. constr. used with un or upon.
In pass, to be pleased.
Nrf. I am allotted [glad or pleased] to see you. So, I am told by
a man of 75. used to speak !iis grandmother antl other old folk
(F.H.). Suf. I allot on seeing him [shall have pleasure in. &c.,
count on seeing him] (F.H.). [Amer. I allot upon going to Boston.
Used by uneducated people in the interior of New England,
Bartlett.]
ALL OUT, <i(fe.' Sc. Irel. Yks. Lan. Not. Lin. Nhp. Aus.
1. Completely, altogether, fully.
Sc. All out, in a great degree, beyond comparison (Jam."*. Ir.
He's now in his grave, and thank God, it's he that had the d.-icent
funeral all out, Carleion Trails Peas. (1843) II. 102; Glory be
to God! but that's wonderful all out, ib. I. 2; Not far from sixty
[years of age], if he was not sixty all out iG.M.H.). w.Ir. I'm
not sich a gommoch all out as that, LovtK Leg. (1848 I. 164.
n.Yks.i Yon's t'best. Joss.— Ay, all out. w.Yks.^ It is almost,
if not all out, as bad as thieving. s.Lan. They'r dun oleawt,
Kamford Dial. (1850) 208, ed. 1854. Not.' sw,Lin.' She's very
gain on five, if not five all out. Your Bill's nearly killed, if not all
out Nhp.' It's not all out as good as I expected. [Aus.. N.S,W.
Now she was nineteen all out, and a fine girl she'd grown. BoinRE-
WOOD Robbery (1888I I. xv.] Slang. All out the best, Farmer.
[So are we to take notice of the good (gifts), though not
all out so perfect as St. James adviseth us, Andrewes
Serm. xcvi. (1628) 749 ; Fowling is more troublesome but
all out as delightsome to some sorts of men. Burton
Anat. Mel. (1621) H. ii. 4, ed. 1836. ME. Whan he had
doon his wil al-out, R. Rose, 2101 ; Now have I . . . declared
al-out, /'(!>. 2935. All -^^ out.]
ALL OUT, adv.^ and sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel.
and Eng.
1. adv. Mistaken.
Bnff.i For ass diver's he iz he's a'-oot in that opingin. Slang.
All out, to be in error ; quite wrong. Farmer.
2. Too late.
Bnff.' Y're a'-oot, man, the meetin's a' our.
3. Disappointed.
Bnfr,'Fin he saw it he wiz a'-oot [or oot], he geedintillan unco (list
4. Finished, used up.
w.Som.' Plaiz-r dhu suydur-z aul aewt [please, sir, the cider is
all finished, i.e. the cask is empty]. Dhu wocts bee aul aewt
[the oats are all finished].
5. sb. Interval for play, as in phr. all-out time.
w.Yks. All-out, time for recreation, playtime (J.T.) ; Allaat-time,
plavtime at school, Lei-ds Merc. Sii/ifil. May 9, 1891).
ALL-OVER, adv. Wm. Yks. Lin.
1. Over the whole body, in every part, completely.
Wm. Thoo's fair o-ower, my luv, Richardson Hug. 5o/. (1859)
iv. 7. e.Yks.i He's his fayther bayn all-ower.
2. Everj'where.
n.Yks. (I.W. ) n.Lin.' Taaties hes faail'd oil ohcr to year.
[1. He is all-over mistaken, Bentley /'/;«/(?/-;> (1699) 130.
2. A south-west blow on ye And blister you all o'er!
Shaks. Temp. i. ii. 324. Cp. ME. ouer-al {in P. Plowman),
ouer alle (in Calh.Angl.), everywhere, passim.]
ALL-OVERISH, ad/. Lan. Der. Lin. War. Brks. Som.
Cor.
1. Slightly out of sorts, but with no particular ailment.
ne.Lan.' All-overish, neither sick nor well. Der.' War. All-
overish, queer-like (J.R.W.). w.Som.'
2. Nervous, with a sense of apprehension.
n.Lin.' Brks.' All-overish, feelingconfused or abashed. Cor.Therc's
a kind o'what-1 can't tcU-'ceaboutdead men Ihat'svcryenticin'.tho'
it do make you feel all-overish, ' Q.' Three Sln/)s (1890 iii. Colloq.
When the mob began to gather round 1 felt all-overish. Mavhew
Loud. Labour <i86i III. 52; The elder of the brothers gave a squeal,
All-overish it made me for to feel, Gilbert Hub liallads i 1869) 184 ;
All-overish, an indefinite feeling which pervades the body at critical
periods, when sickening for an illness, or at a moment of supreme
excitement. Farmer.
[All-over, q.v. -1- -ish. The suffix doubtless suggested by
'feverish.']
ALLO'W, V. Irel. Glo. Ess. Ken. Sus. limp. I.W.
Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Amer. [alair, aleu.]
1. To suppose, consider, be of opinion.
Glo. I 'low as lis time mother wur a got downstairs, BeCKMAN
Varies Sojoiim (1890) xi. Ken.' He's allowed to be the biggest
rogue in Faversham. Sus. She cry'd an 'lowd tud braak ur hert,
Lower Tom Clad/tole {1631) St. 18. Hmp. If you ask a peasant
how far it is to any place, his answer nearly invariably is 'I allow
it to be so far,' Wise A'of Foresl{iB83^ 280; Hmp.' I.W. She doos
well enough Zundays and high-days, . . . but I lows she's most
too high vur work-a-days. Maxwell Gray Annesley (1889 I. 164.
se Dor. : C. W.") w-Som.' I do low eens there's dree score o" talies in
thick there splat. Uw muuch d-cc-luw dhik dliaeur rik u baay !
G 2
ALLOW
[44]
ALLY
[how much do you consider that rick of hay ? i.e. how much it con-
tains]. Dev.Ido not allow myselftoreciton like you [I donotsuppose
myself capable of calculating as quickly as you can~\, Repoiis Proviiic.
(1877') 127. Cor. Paul an' me allowed to each other that we'd set
up in fine style at Kit's House, ' Q.' Troy Town (1888) iv. [Amer.
The lad}' of the cabin seemed kind, and allowed we had better stop
where we were, Bartlett. U.S. Some thought Barnes must've
swallowed a tadpole, . , . while others allowed that may be he'd
accidentally eaten frogs' eggs some time and they'd hatched out,
Max Adeler Elbow Room (,1876) v.]
2. To advise.
UIs. N. & 0.(1874') 5th S, i. 245 : I allow her to come (M.B.-S).
Cav. I don't allow you to sell your pig at a loss toyourself (M.S. M.).
N.I.i Doctor! A wouldn't allow you to be takin' off that blister yet.
Ess. This point I allow For servant and cow, Tusser Httsbandiie
(1580) 74, St. 30. w.Som.' I d'allowee vor to put thick there field
in to rape, arter you've a-clain un, and then zeed-n out.
[1. The Self-Tormentor of Terence's, which is allowed
a most excellent comedy. Sped. No. 512 ; The principles
which all mankind allow for true are innate, Locke
(Johnson) ; To alowe, to declare to be true, approbo,
Baret. 2. The sense of 'advise' is developed from the
old meaning once common — 'to approve of, sanction.'
Truly ye bear witness that ye allow the deeds of your
fathers, Bible Luke xi. 48. OFr. alouer, to praise, com-
mend : Lat. aUaudare\
ALLOW, int. n.Yks. Brks. A cry used in setting dogs
on to the chase.
ii.Yks. (,1 W.) Brks.' Allow, allow! thus shouted twice to a dog
to incite him to chase anj'thing.
[From alloiv, vb., in the sense of ' to sanction.' The cry
means ' We allow (the chase) I ']
ALLOWANCE, sb. Sc. Ircl. Yks. 'Wor.
1. Permission.
N.I.i There's no allowance for people in here.
2. A limited portion of food or drink allowed to work-
men between meals.
Yks. He was going homewards as soon as he had finished his
'lowance, Fletcher If'apcit/nkc (1895) igo. ne.Wor. When are
you goin' to have 3'our 'lowance ? (J.W.P.)
3. Phr. at no alloivance, at pleasure, unsparingly, un-
mercifully.
Edb. Vagrants in buckram and limmers in silk, parading away at
no allowance, Moir Maiisie IVaiich {1828) vii. Slang. I found
Dawes junior pegging into Dawes senior no allowance, and him
crying blue murder, Reade Jack 0/ all Trades (1858J i.
[1. Peniiission, a permission, leave, licence, allowance,
CoTGR. 2. His allowance was a continual allowance given
him of the king, a daily rate for every day, Bible 2 Kings
XXV. 30. Hence phr. ' at no allowance,' without limitation.
His people pluck him at no allowance, Carlyle Fi-ed. Gt.
HL vin. V. 42. Fr. alouancc, allowance (Palsgr.), deriv. of
OFr. aloitir, see Allow, v.\
ALLOWED, ppl. adj. Som. [aleu'd.] Licensed.
w.Som. 1 Dhik'ee aewz waud-n niivur ulaewd [that house was
never licensed],
[There is no slander in an allow'd fool, though he do
nothing but rail, Shaks. Twelfili Nt. i. v. loi ; An allowed
cart or chariot, Hollyband. Allowed, pp. of allow (vb.),
q.v.]
ALLS, sb. pi. Dur. w.Yks. n.Lin. Lei. Nhp. "War. Wor.
Also written awls Dur.'; nails s.Wor.' se.Wor.' [olz,
qa\z.] Belongings, goods and chattels, especially work-
men's tools.
Dur.i 'To pack uphis awls' is spoken ofapcrsondepartingin haste.
w.Yks.5 Pack up thee awals an' tramp. n.Lin.' ' Pack up your alls
and slot off' is a common form of dismissal, used by rr asters to work-
men. Lei.' Alls, a workman's tools and appliances: often used for
personal luggage generally. Nhp. ', War.=, s.Wor.' se.Wor.' ' Pick
up your nails and cut' is a form of ordering an objectionable person
to leave.
[It is doubtful whether alls in the phrase 'pack up j'our
alls ' is all used as a sb. in pi., or whether it repr. aivls.
Perhaps orig. the phrase contained the word aivls, which
was changed by a humorous pun to alls. So N.E.D.
(s.v. Awl). (My father) bid me pack up my alls, Fielding
Amelia^ VII. iii. 296.]
ALLS, sec Aries.
ALLS-, see Halse-.
ALL TO PIECES, adv. phr} Der. Wor. Amer. Aus.
Thoroughly, altogether.
Der.^ He ca'd me a' to pieces. s.Wor. It's too hot all to pieces,
PoRSON Quaint Wds. (1875) 29. [Amer. I beat him last night at
poker all to pieces, Bartlett. Aus.. N.S.W.lf we fell off he stopped
still and began to feed, so that he suited us all to pieces, Boldre-
wooD Robbeiy (1888) I. i.]
[We'll bend it to our awe. Or break it all to pieces,
Shaks. Hen. V, i. ii. 225 ; I bid thy master cut out the
gown ; but I did not bid him cut it to pieces, ib. T. Shrew,
IV. iii. 129 ]
ALL TO PIECES, adv. phr.'^ Nhp. Som. Broken
down in health or finances ; exhausted, collapsed.
Ntip.' A person who has faikd, or been sold up, or in a state of
bankruptcy, is said to be all to pieces. w.Som.' Poour oa'l blid,
ee-z aul tue pees'ez vvai dhu riie'maat iks [poor old blood, he is
quite done up with the rheumatism]. Aew-z dh-oad au"S ? — Oa !
au'l tile pees'ez [How is the old horse ? — Oh ! quite knocked up].
CoUoq. Fifty thousand pounds . . . won't come before it's all
wanted; for they say he is all to pieces, Austen Sense and Scnsi-
hility (18 ri; xxx. Slang. The Oxford men were now all to pieces;
their boat was full of water, Echo (Apr. 7, 1884J 3, col. i.
ALLUM, see Aum.
ALL-UTTERLY, adv. Obs. Sc. (Jam.) Also written
alluterlie, alluterly. Wholly-, completely.
[So whan she saw al-utterly That he wolde hir of trouthe
faile, Chaucer Hous F. 296. All (IME. at) + utterly.]
ALL-WORKS, sb. Ken. A man employed on a farm
to do odd jobs. Used adjectivally, of horses : doing odd
jobs, not in the regular team.
Ken. Yes ! he's the allworks on our farm. Tell All-works
it's his place to do that (D.W.L. ' ; The horses not sufficient in
number to make up a team are called the odd or all-works horses,
and are looked after by the odd man, oddie, or all- works (P.M.) ;
Ken.' ; Ken.2 An ' all-works ' is the lowest servant in the house,
and is not hired for the plough or the wagon particularly, as the
other servants are, but to be set about anything.
[With this word cp. the common phr. ' a maid-of-all-
work.' The coiitp. is formed in the same way as ' Great-
heart,' and many of the names in Bunyan P. P., in which
the name of the quality or characteristic (consisting ot
adj. + sb.) designates the possessor of the same, the stress
always being on the former element of the coiitp.]
ALLY, sb. Nhb. Wm. Dur. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf.
Der. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. Wor. Shr. Oxf Brks. e.An. Sus.
Hmp. Som. Cor. Also written alley N.Cy.' Nhb.' Dur.'
Wm.' e.Yks.' w.Yks.^-'s Stf^ nw.Der.' Lei."' Nhp.' Shr.'^
Oxf Brks.' e.An.' Hmp.' w.Som.' Cor.^; al Nhp.'; olley
Chs.' [a li, a; li.]
1. A boy's marble made of ala.baster, fine white stone,
marble, or glass. See below.
N.Cy.', Nhb.', Dur.', Wm.' w.Yks. Real marbles, i. e. globes
made of marble, not clay. Also those moulded from china clay.
The latter, often covered with small circles, were sometimes called
bull's-eyes or bullies (J.T.) ; w.Yks.^, e.Lan.' Chs.' When streaked
with red, it is called a blood-alley. Stf.^ Lei.' A marble made
either of white marble or alabaster. If streaked with red veins
it is called a bleod-alley, if not so marked, a white alley. Nhp.'
Al, or Alley, used by boys for shooting at the ring; deriving its
name from the term alabaster, as erroneously applied to the
varieties of carbonate of lime which constitute marble, instead of
restricting it to sulphate of lime or gypsum. These marbles are
generally denominated white als, or alleys, but when they exhibit
any of the red veins they are called blood alle3's, and are doubly
prized by the possessor. se.Wor.', Shr. '2, Oxf.' MS. add. .Brks.^,
e.An.', Hmp.' w.Som.' A boy's marble, generally valued at from
five to ten common marbles according to its quality. Cor. Bright
blue et was, suthin' the colour of a hedgy-sparrer's egg, an' shiny-
clear like a glass-alley, ' Q.' Troy Town , 1888) xi ; Cor.^ [Amer.
Alley, an ornamental marble, used by boys for shooting in the ring,
&c. , Bartlett.]
2. Hence Ally, v.
e.Yks.' To place the marble in the hole in a game of marbles,
and thus score a point against an opponent.
3. Coni/i. Ally-taw.
ne.Yks.' Ally-taw, playing marble, as distinguished from
' steeanics ' and 'potties,' i. e. stone or baked clay marbles. s.Lan.
ALLYCOMPALY
[45]
ALONE
Alley-taw, a large or' shooting-marble' (T. R.C.). Brks. His small
private box was full of peg-tops, white marbles (called • alley-taws '
in the Valei . . . and other miscellaneous boy's wealth, Hughes
T. Brown (1856) iii. Colloq. Inquiring whether he had won any
alley-tors or commoneys lately, Dickens Pickwick (,1837) 281,
ed. 1847.
[The word occurs in De Foe's Duncan Campbell; see
N.E.D. Alh\ a dim. oi alabaster.\
ALLYCOMPALY, see Elecampane.
ALLY -LONG-LEGS, 56. Stf. Tlie 'Daddy-long-legs,'
or crane-fly.
Stf.2
ALMANAC-MAN, sb. n. Lin.
n.Lin.' Almanac-man, the surveyor of the Court of Sewers, so
called because he sends notices to the dwellers near the Trent of
the times when high tides may be expected.
ALMANIE-WHISTLE, sb. Obs. Abd. A flageolet of
a very small size used by children (Jam,).
[Aliiiaiiif repr. ME. Aliiuxiiw, OFr. ^{biitaigiie, Germany.
In the i6th and 17th cents, aliiiaiii was in common use
for a kind of dance-music in slow time, introduced from
Germany.]
ALMERY, see Ambry.
ALMOND, A-6. Glo. A gland of the ear or throat.
Glo.* The almonds of my ears came down. Colloq. Almonds:
this term is applied popularly to the exterior glands of the neck
and to the tonsils, Hobi.yn Did. Med. Teniis (and ed. 1844 .
[Almonds of the throat are a glandulous substance, re-
presenting two kernels placed on each side of the uvula,
at the root of the tongue, Kersey ; The almonds of the
ears, Clniitliilae, Coles (1670).]
ALMOND-FURNACE, 5*. Obs. Cdg. A furnace used
by silver-refiners, in which the refuse of litharge is re-
duced to lead by being heated with charcoal.
Cdg. Almond furnace, in which they melt the slags or refuse of
the litharge (not stamped) with charcoale only, Ray (.1691 ) : , K.)
[Alman, or almond furnace, a furnace used by refiners,
and called a sweep, for separating all sorts of metals from
cinders, &c., Bailey (1721). Aliiiaii or almond repr.
OFr. aleman (mod. alleinaiid), i. e. German.]
ALMOND-NUT, sb. Cor. An almond.
Cor. I've got ferrings and sweetmeats anow. . . . Dest a like
men [them] with ame-nuts or zceds best inside? J. Trenoodle
S/>cainens (1846 38; Cor.*^
ALMOUS, sb. In s^en. use in Sc. Irel. and n. counties
to Lan. and Lin. rAlso Sus. Dev. Also written almisse,
alniose n.Yks.' ; alomes Wxf; aamas Cuni.^ n.Lan.';
aamus Nhb.'; aiimas m.Yks.' w.Yks.* n Lan.'; aumous
Lin.'; aumiis n.Yks.'^ w.Yks.'ne.Lan.' ; awmossw.Yks." ;
awmous sw.Lin.'; awmus N.Cy.' Wm.' n.Yks.'^ e.Yks.' ;
omas Cum.' ; omus Nhb.' [anias, ^nias.]
1. Money or food bestowed in charity, gifts ofl'ercd to
a child on its first round of visits.
Sc. Almous, Almows (Jam.); J he silly friar behoved to lleech.
For annuls as he passes, Scott Aitbot {1820, xv. Ayr. An extra
neaveful to their wonted weekly almous, Galt Sir ylndreiv 1, 1822)
iv. Gall.Gaunoff likeabeggar wi' hisawmus on IMond.iy mornin',
Crockett S/icvh/ jl/i«. (1893) 57. Wxf.', Khb.' Dur. It is still
customary to present a baby with three articles ' for luck ' the first
time it is taken into a neighbour's house. This is termed the
'bairn's awmous,' that is. alms. The articles usually consist of a
piece of bread, a pinch of salt, and an egg, but matches are some-
times substituted for the last. A'. & Q. 1 1878) 5th S. x. 37. Cum.
The gift to a regular beggar was sometimes in money, but more
frequently in victuals. Regular beggars carried bags (pokes)
rolled up in their apron for the accommodation of meal, a handful
of which was always an acceptable awmous iM.P.); Cum.' Omas,
in former times a handful of oatmeal or a slice of barley bread,
and in later times a halfpenny or a penny. Wm. The mendicant
. . . departs with his awmus of meal, GinsoN Lri;. and Notes
(1877) 17. ne.Yks.' What awmous a'eya gotten ? w.Yks. Awmoss,
an alms, Tiioresby Lett. (1703) ; w.Yks.' Hedto a poor neighbour
at com daily to thy door for an aumus ? w.Yks.* An awmoss.
Lan. Pretty Mrs. Marg'ret . . . hes always yet an awmas for
Bess, ranty an' feckless o' body as she is, Thornber Peiinv Stone
(1845 15; Lan.' He lives o'aumas. n.Lan.' The following quatrain
is still remembered by some of the old inhabitants of Furness,
as the usual address of beggars soliciting alms ; ' Pity, pity
paamas, Pray give us aamas ; Van for Peter, two for Paul, Three
for God 'at meead us all.' e.Sas. Almes, Holloway. s.Dev.
Omes, alms. Fox Kingshridge (1874).
2. A small portion ; a definite quantity.
n Yks.' In Cleveland a messenger sent to a shop for a shilling's-
worth of such and such an article, and returning with what
seems to the purchaser a verj- small proportionate quantity, is
greeted with the remark, 'Why, what an ommus thee has gcttcn ' ;
as if, like alms, it had been sparingly or grudgingly doled out ;
n.Yks.2 I think I've got my aumus, i. e. the number of articles
1 bespoke. A dear aumus, very little for the money. e.Yks. A've
coonted this money, and that's thy awmus ; e.Yks.' Is that all
bacon we're gannin tc hev te bray-cast ? what a awmus ! m.Yks.'
There, that's thy aumas ; thou'll get no more. One holdinga sack
to be filled will cry out when the sack is full, ' Hold on ! I've gotten
my aumas.' w.Yks. Awmous, a helping ^B.K.) ; Awmous, a cart
load, Lucas Stud. Nidderditle (c. 1882) 59. Lin. When a labourer
has been filling a cart with manure, corn, &c. , he will say at last
to the carter or wagoner, ' Haven't ya got your aumous?' 1 Hall.);
Lin.' They gave me such an aumous of provender. sw.Lin.' Oh,
what an awmous ! said ironically of a small gift of corn on Sl
Thomas' Day.
3. A meritorious act.
Sc. It wou'il be an aumous to gie him a wecl-payed skin (Jam.);
Those who leave so good a Kirk, it were but alms to hang tlicm,
Scot/attd^s Glory, <5-'r. (1805) 44 'Jam.).
4. In coDip. (i) Aumas-dish, a beggar's dish for alms;
(2) -house, an alms-house ; (3) -loaves, bread distributed
to the poor in church after Divine service; (4) -woman,
a woman supported by charity.
1 1) Ayr. While she held up her greedy gab, Just like an aumos
dish. Burns Jolly Beggars (1785). (2, w.Yks. Amus-hahses,
Banks Wkjl.t. IVds. (i865> ; w.Yks.5 Aumas-houses. (3, n.Yks.*
Aumus-leeaves, charity loaves. (4' w.Yks.®
I Almose, eleemosyna, Levins Maiiip. ; Lef sir,/nf charile.
Wit sum almous thou help me, Mclr. Hoiit. (Spec. E. E. II.
94) ; God . . . jelde ow for oure almus that je 5ivcn us
here ! P. Plim'iiian (a.) vii. 120 ; Ilk dai man him j^ider bar
For to bide his almus [lar. Cursor M. 19052 ; Almus, messe
and bedes, Hampole P.C 3722 ; An almus doer, elimosi-
tioriiis, Calh. Aitgl. ; A I messe or almos, eliiiiosina. Prompt.
ON. almitsa (also olmitsa), an alms, charitv. an allowance
to scholars in Icel. grammar-schools ; Rom. alimosina
f whence OFr. almosiie. It. limosiiia). Cp. OE. almysse
(-esse), whence lit. E. alms.}
ALODDIN, adj. Cum. Wm. [alodin.]
1. Not engaged, unemploj'ed, on offer.
Cum. I hard Ritson's lass was aloddin.sooa I went and saw her
an hir't her. Does te see the l)onnj' lass wid a rose in her breast !
She's aloddin. Richard-son is going to build a barn, sooa there
will be lots o' jobs aloddin. Jenkinson has a new-cult cow
aloddin [for sale]. How Hall has been a long time aloddin' [to
let] (J. A.) ; Cum.' She's still aloddin ; Cum.', Wm.'
2. Lost, missing.
Cum. The}' say Thomsons of Brier Holme hev six ewes a-Ioddin.
[Prob. repr. ON. aflofliiit, on invitation, still open to an
invitation (to marry). Cogn. with ON laSct, to invite, OE.
lailiaii. G. laden, to summon.]
ALOGHE. see Alow.
ALONE. rt(/j'. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. e An. [ale'n, alia'n.]
1. Used with proiiom. adj.
Cam. As I was walking mine alanc, Scott Minslrehy (1802) lao,
ed. 1839.
2. In phr. (i) all-a-liviiig alone, left in a helpless condition
(used of a sick person) ; (2) let alone, to say nothing of,
besides ; (3) let me alone, let Aim atone, phr. expressive of
superiority or acknowledged excellence.
(1) e.An.' We havcthe odd phr.ise 'all a-living-alone,' i.e quite en-
tirely alone, spoken compassionately tifa sick person left improperly
in a helpless condition. (a)s.Ir. He ate a whDlc village, let alone the
horse. Lover Leg. (1848 II. 435. Nhb.' Thor wis three on them, let
alyen his fcthor. Cum.^ I's cum't of a stock 'at niver wad be frcetn't
to show a feiicetill a king, let alcanan oald ncwdles. (3' Edb.I.ctme
alane for whillj-whaing an advocate, Scott Midtolliian (1818 xi.
Ir. Can he swim?— O let him alone for that! He can swim
like a fish A.S.P.). s.Ir. Ned Sheehy was a good butler, . . .and
as for a groom, let him alone with a horse; he could dress it or
ride it, or shoe it, or physic it, Croker Leg (1862"! 281. Cum.
Let Bobby alone for that, Farrall Btlly Wilson (1S86) 7.
ALONG
[46]
ALONGST
[I. I ame myne alane and poore. King Catech. (N.E.D.)
ME. All him alane the way he tais, Barbour Bruce, 11.
146 ; Walkyng myn one (v.r. al myn oone), P. Ploiviiian
(a.) IX. 54 ME. «/, all + ^rwf (OE. rt«) ; see Lone. 2. With
the phr. ' let me alone for that ' we may cp. Sh.\ks. : Let
us alone to guard Corioli, Cor. i. ii. 27 (the phrase im-
plies an ironical prohibition to help a man who is able
to manage the affair himself) ; Johnson (s.v. Alone).']
ALONG, adv.^ Van dial, uses in midl. and s. counties ;
also Lan. Also written elong. [slog, ala'r), alee q.alu-r).]
1. Slanting.
n.Dev. Tvvel zet e-Iong, Exm. Scold. (1746") ; Along, for end-long,
obliquely, slanting ; Grose (i79o"i MS. add. (H.I
Comp. Along-straight, lying at full length.
Dor. She vow'd she zeed en wi her own e3*es a-lyen all along
strait upon the groun, IVhy John {Coll. L.L.B.\ Som. Why
zomebodj' must ha' zot on un [kitchen clock] when he wur down
along-straight, R.wmond Gent. UpcotI (18931 22.
2. At full length, lying flat, generally used with all; see
all aloit,^.
Dev. Grose (1790"! MS. add. (H.) ; 'Along' now means flat, all
along (F.W.C.).
3. During a period of time, during the past.
w.Som.i We've had middlin' luck along, like. Dev. It is quite
usual to speak of an^'thing being done ' along in the winter,' or
other season, and rather conv'eys the idea of repeated or continuous
action than of indefiniteness as to time, Rcpotis Provinc. (1889).
4. In company, as well, into the bargain.
Wor. Mary is going, and Fred will go alung ('H.K.'). Sur.
Taking the eggs to market and the hen along. Hoskvns Talpa
(1852' 139, ed. 1857 ; I'm blest if I don't think they got their own
price and ours along, ib. 150
5. Forward, on ; send along, to send home.
Lan. Bring the kayther alung, Banks Manch. Man (1876) i. Stf. ^
Th' liver inna ready yet. but wen send it yu alung. War.^
* I will send it along directly ' is an everyday expression now in
Birmingham. Slir.i Shall I send the mutton alung now, ma'am ?
[Amer. Mrs. TroUope has the following words : ' We must try
to get along, as the Americans say.' Lover also was puzzled to
discover what the young American lady meant by saying that she
-was so unwell that she ' could not get along,' Bartlett.]
6. In phr. (i) along of, {a) with, together with ; (b) in
pursuit of; (2) along zoil/i, with.
(i) (a) s.War.i Come and go along of father. Glo. ' Does 'ee
zell th' owld genelman 'long o' this lot ? ' saj'S one, Buckman
Darke's Sojourn ('1890': vii. Ess. Las' night I passed them housen
by along o' Tom an' Jack. Downe Ballads (1895") '9- Wil.' Here,
you just coom whoam along o' I, an I'll gie 'ee summut to arg
about. Som. She'd garn t'school alangof us, Leitu Lenioii Verbena
(1895) 107. Dev. Now and again he comes and stops along of
his granny for a bit, O'Neill Idylls (1892) 86. Slang. I walks in
my brown gaiters along o' my old brown mu\Q,K.iPL\SG Brk. Ballads
{iSg2, Serew Guns. (6, Cor. * Tez Farmer Tickle, I tell'y!' I shouted,
'and ifyouaxes again, I'll comealong ofyou with my stick,' Baring-
Gould Vicar (.i8']6\vi. (2) Sc. Mak' grit the Lord alang wi* me,
RiDDELL Ps. (1857 1 xxxiv. 3. Brks.* When a young man is accused
of flirting with some one he will perhaps sheepishly say, ' I zartney
did go alang wi' her a bit at one time, but tent nothin'.' Sur.'
I see him a-coming out of the public along with that there Sandy.
He lived along with the squire for ever so many year. Sus. He's
our father, he lives along wi' us, Egerton Fits, and IVays (1884)
26, 27. w.Som.i I zeed'n gwain 'long way Bob Millon.
[2. He laid himself down along upon the bed, iitclinavit
se in ledum, Robertson (1693) ; Under yond yew-trees
lay thee all along, Shaks. K. &= J. v. iii. 3. 3. I have all
along declared this to be a neutral paper, Addison Sped.
No. 463. 4. Demetrius and Egeus, go along, Shaks. VlAiV-Z).
I. i. 123. 5. Let's along, And do the murther first, ib.
Temp. IV. i. 233. 6. You, Capulet, shall go along with
me, ib. R. S^ J. i. i. 106. OE. andlang, along, by the
side ; cp. G. en/lang.]
ALONG, adv.^ "l.W. Dor. Som. Dev. [slori, slas'r).]
Used as a suff. to advbs. It has the force of -n'lirds.
I.W. Up along, Down along (J.D.R.). w.Dor. I'm going up
along, down along, home along (C.V.G.'). w.Sora.i In-along, up-
along, down-along, here-along, thcre-along, along yonder, out-
along. A man said. 'I be gwain zo vur-s Holy Well Lake, and I
can't stap now, but I'll call in back along ' [on my way back]. Dev.
'Along ' is one of the common as well as most expressive of our west-
country suffixes — Down-along, here-along, there-along, in-along,
yon-along, Rcpoiis Provinc. (1887)3; Tellee whot 'tez, yii'd best-
ways git tha lewzide ov tha badge gwaine 'ome-along, Hewett
Peas. Sp. (1892)97 ; Awl-along, up-along, down-along lee, ib. 140.
ALONG, prep. Dev. In the course of, during.
Dev. It was along September month. Reports Pmvinc (1889).
[Sprinkled along the waste of years, Keble Chr. Year.]
ALONG OF, ON, WITH, prep. phr. Irel. All n.coun-
ties to Shr. Glo. Brks. Hnt. Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp. Wil.
On account of, owing to.
Ir. Where along o' the weed-dhrifts an' shells there'd be grazin'
most whiles for the goats. Barlow /5o^-/«Hrf (1892) 5. N.Cy.i Nhb.
Ah wouldn't have ye troubled along of me, Clare Love of Lass
(1890) I. 79. Dur.l, Cum.i Yks. It were all along of them soirees
that the first flood came, B.aring-Gould Pennvqks. (1870) 57, ed.
1890. ne.Yks.l It warn'talongo'me. e.Yks.i It was all-lang-o Bill
that Ah went. ■w.Yks.'^-'; w.Yks.^ It worrant longa me, it wor
longa thee, soa doan't saay nowt. Lan. It wor aw along o' that
theer black jackass, Westall -B()r/( Z)i/;c : 1889) II. 287; Because it
wasawlung with you. Grose (1790) ; Lan.^, e.Lan.^, ne.Lan.' Clis.^
Sanshum fair ! . . . au aw'd cleean forgetten aw along o" this kink
i' my back, Clough ; Chs.2 Aw long of such aone ; Chs.^Awlong
o' ould ooman, we couldna come. s.Clis.i It's aw alung o' gooin
alt i' the reen. s.Stf. It was all along o' him meetin' her at the
chapel soo often, Pinnock Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895'). Stf.^ ; Stf.^
l"heer, th' milk's shed, an' it's aw alung o' thee, metherin. Der.^,
nw.Der.', Not. * Lin. An' all along o' the feller asturn'd 'is back of
hissen, Tennyson Ozi^d Rod (1889). n.Lin.* It was along on a
letter missin' 'at my mare got kill'd It was all along o' drink
'at he ended his sen e' that how. sw.Lin.' It was all along of him
that I happened this. Rut.* He come downstairs sheddering, an'
went oop back'ards along of his rheumatiz. Lei.' NIip.' It's all
along of you that this happened. "War.^^ s.War.i It was all along
of that Bill Hancox' fancies, that the master kep' me in school.
Slir.i It wuz all alung on 'im as 'e wuz i' the public ; Sbr.^ This
comes alung o gween wi* sich a chap as he is. Glo.* Brks. Afore
he got his place along of his bugle playing. Hughes T. Brown O.xf.
(1861) xxxvi ; Br'Ks.* Ut be all alang o' that ther coortin' as a dwoant
do no work o' no account. Hnt. To-day I found him digging in his
garden, having been cured ' all al mg o' that goose-grass,' N. & Q.
(1866) 3rd S. X.268. Ken. It's all along of j'ou that I'm in this mess
tH.M.) ; I have heard the expression ' It's all through long of 3^ou '
(P.M.). Sur.* To the question, * How did sin come into the world ? '
a lad replied, ' It was all along of Eve eating of that apple.' Sus.*
Master Piper he lost his life all-through-along-on-account-of drink.
Hmp. 'Twur all along o' they lawyers. Foresters Misc. (1846) 163.
Wil.* 'Twer aal along o' she's bwoy's bad ways as her tuk to drenk.
Slang. All along of muzzling the bobbies, Mayhew Land. Labour
(1864) I. 36.
[And long of her it was That we meet here so strangely,
Shaks. Cynib. v. v. 271 ; You, mistress, all this coil is long
of you, ib. M.N.D. iii. ii. 339; I am longe of this stryfe,
Je siiis en cause de cestestrif, Palsgr. 427 ; On me is nought
along thyn yuel fare, Chaucer Tr. &-= Cr. 11. looi ; Al is on
niiself along, Gower C.A. ii. 22; On hire is al milifilong,
Rel. Songs (Stratmann). OE. gelang, belonging, de-
pending ; gelang on, gelang at, because of, owing to. Cf.
A-,prcp]
ALONGSIDE OF, ON, prep. phr. Lin. Sus. Dor. Dev.
Beside.
n.Lin.l The stee's alongside on the fother stack. Sus. I'd lie
down and go to sleep alongside of it any day, Egerton Flhs. and
Ways (1884) 33. Dor. I did bide alongzide o' he till the church clock
a' het twelve, Hare Vil. Street (18951 139. Dev. A man and his
missus can bide alongside o' one another till death do 'cm part,
O'Neill Told in Diinpses (1893) 26.
[Along (adv.*) -I- side.]
ALONGST, prep. Cum. Chs. Ken. Som. [alo'qst,
3te-r)s(t).] 1. Along.
Cum.* Alongst, used in old deeds. Chs.* Alongst the road.
2. adv. and prep. Lengthwise.
? Ken.* [I do not remember ever hearing this, and after much
inquiry can find no one who has (P.M.)]; Ken.^ Alongst it, on
the long side of it, Somner Gaz'elkind, 120. w.Som.* Alongst,
used very commonly in contrast to * athwart ' or ' acrnss.' You 'ont
make no hand o' thick there field o' ground, nif he idn a guttered
both wa3's, ukraa's-n ulangs [across and alongst].
[It was concluded they should come alongst Berwick
ALOOSE
[47]
AMAISTER
Bridge, Baillie Letters, I. 325 (Boucher) ; The herald
flew From troop to troop alongst the host, Chai'man
Iliad, IV. 227. Aloiigst is formed fr. along with the advb.
suff. -es+ parasitic /, as in ai;(iiitst.]
ALOOSE, aihi. Nhb. falou-s.J Loose, free.
Nhb.* ' Let yorsel alowse.' was the exhortation of a pitman to
a friend who was batting stiffly at a cricket match.
[A-, on + loose (ON. lauss).]
ALOUD, adv. Wil. Soin. faleu-d.l See below.
Wil.* That there meat stinks aloud [smells very bad]. w.Som.'
As in polite society wc hear of ' loud colours,' so in our lower
walk we talk of ' loud stinks.' Dhik rab ut fraa'sh ! ce stingks
ulaewd [that rabbit fresh ! he stinks aloud].
[The stuiT, to quote the trenchant expression of an
onlooker, 'stank aloud,' Dy. Neivs, Feb. 1872 (N.E.D.).
A-, on + loiid.]
ALOW, adv} and prep. Sc. s.Ircl. Lan. I. Ma. Ess.
[slou'.l Below.
Gall. Silver Sand. . . never glanced either aloft or alow, Crockett
Raiders (1894) .xi. Wxf.i Aloghe, below. Lan. Alonthly Mug.
(iSis) I. 127. I. Ma. Where ami? alaw or alaf ? Growne Docfor
(1887) 30. Ess. As floeting ship, by bearing sayl alowe, With-
standeth stormes when boistrous winds do blow, TussER Hiis-
bandrie ^ 1580) 216, St. 2.
[Alow, in a low place, not aloft, Bailey (1755) ; And now
alow and now aloft they fly, Dryden ( Johnson i; Why
somme (briddcs) be alowe and sonime alofte, P. Plowinaii
(b.) XII. 222. A-, on + low.]
ALOW, adv.^ Sc. n.Ircl. Nhb. Yks. Also written
alowe. [slou'.] Ablaze, on fire.
Sc. To speak to him about that . . . wad be to set the kiln a-low,
Scott Midlutliitin (1818) xlv ; Sit down and warm j^e, since the
sticks are alow, ib. Pirate (1822) I. 103. e.Lth. Tod-Lowrie had
set the heather a-low, Hunteh/. /n!iif*(i895) 122. N.I.* Alowe,
lit, kindled. Ant. The chimlcy's alow, Ballymena Obs. (1892'!.
Nhb. Come and ye'll scea sight. Yonder's the Fairy Hill a' alowe,
Deidiam Tracts (cd. 1895) II. 137 ; Nhb.' It wis aall iv alow iv
a minute. n.Yks.*
[It kindils on (a)lowe, IVars Ale.x: 4177. In OrmiiUim
16185 there occurs o lo^Jie (in flame). A-, on + loiv, q.v.]
ALP, sb. n.Cy. Lan. e.An. Also written olp e.An."
Nrf Suf.' ; ope, awf Suf.' ; alf, ulf e.An.' Cf. also Hoop,
Mawp, Nope, Pope. The bullfinch, Pyrrlntla citropaea.
n.Cy. Alp, a singing alp, Gkose (1790). Lan.', e.An.'^ Nrf.
Alpe,GROSEi 1790 ; Nrf.' Suf. Our gardeners slay the bullfinches,
wliich eat the fruit-buds of currants and gooseberries — ' mischicf-
ful alps,' as they call them, e.An. Dy. Times (1892) ; Alpe, or alfe
(F.Ii.); Snf.' [Alp, the old name for the bullfinch, Swai.nson
Birds (1885) 66 ; Morris /list. Jiril. /liids ( 1857).]
[An alpe (bulfinch),/vHi/V///«, Coles (1679); Alpe,F/«-
diila. Prompt.; Alpes, finches, and wodewales, Chaucer
R. Rose, 658. The forms ending in f (pli) appear mostly
in compounds, and are pcrh. due to want of^stress. See
Blood-alp.]
ALPUIST, conj. Obs. Sc. Also written allpuist,
apiece, apiest. Although.
Sc. Wc had been at nae great tinsel, apiest we had been quit o'
her, FoRBEsy>H. (1742! 14 : We cou'd na' get a chiel to shaw us
the gate, alpuist w-c had kreished lus liv wi' a shiilin, ib. 16 ; A
bodie wou'd nae car'd to meddle wi her, apiece they had been
hir'd to do't, ib. 17.
[See Albuist.]
ALRICH, see Eldritch.
ALTER, v. Brks. Som. [o'lt3(r).] To change for
the better (as in phr. to alter the hand) ; to improve in con-
dition, gain flesh (used of live stock).
Brks. A man alters for the better, but changes for the worse
(M.J.B.\ w.Som.' Ncef ee doan au'Itur uz an, ee iil zdon bee een
u bae-ud wai [if he does not change his course (alter his hand) he
will soon goto the bad altogether], Dhai stee-urz-l aultur, muyn,
een yoa-ur keep [those steers will alter, mind, in your keep].
Dhai au gz bee aO Kurd shoaur nuuf [those hogs are altered sure
enough !].
ALTERATION, 56. w.Yks. Hmp. [o Itareijan.] DifTer-
ence. Also used as adj. Of the weather : changeable,
uncertain. *
w.Yks. See what an alteration between me an' Wiseman ; he
likes baths, an' 'ud fair crj- if 'e missed 'em, an' I can't abide 'em
(F.P.T.\ Hmp. I'm always much worse in alteration weather
vWM.E.F. .
ALTERING, n^'. w.Som. [o'ltarin.] Likely to improve.
w.Som.' Auctioneers constantly wind up their advertisements
of cattle sales in the local press with, ' The whole of the stock is of
the most altering description.'
ALTER Y, flr(>'. Brks. [oltari.] See below.
Brks. The weather is said to be a bit ' altery ' when it ' tokens
for rain ' (M.J.B.).
[Al/er, vb. -I- -y ; the form prob. suggested by ' rainy.']
ALTOGETHER SO, Wt. /■/(/-. w.Som. [0 ItageSa zoa]
w.Som.' .\ltogcther so, just to the same degree. Bill's all thumbs,
and Jack's altogether so vitty handed.
ALUNT, adv. Sc. [alunt.] In a blazing state.
Sc. Hence, to set alunt, ;i) to put in a blaze, (a) yig. to kindle,
to make blaze. For if they set the taxes higher. They'll set alunt
that smoostin' fire Whulk ilka session helps to beat, An when it
burns, they'll get a heat, Hogg Pastorals, 16; Sweet Mug maist
set my saul alunt Wi' rhyme and Pate's disease, A. Scott Poems
(1811) (Jam.\ Gall. That rced-hccd o' yours to set them a-lunt,
CROCKErr Siiiiboniiet ',1895) ix.
[A-, on + ltiiit, q.v.]
ALWAYS, coiij. Sc. n.Cy. Notwithstanding, however.
Sc. The remonstrants would have opposed it (the coronation of
Charles II), others prolonged it as longas they were able. Always
blessed be God, it is this day celebrated with great joy and con-
tentment to all honest-hearted men here, Baillie Lett. (1775) II.
367 (Jam.). N.Cy.'
[I will not contende . . . who is the best. . . . Alway I
would advise him not to deteine the childe, Elyot Gov.
(Boucher) ; How be it that he had grete pyte . . . alwayes
he . . . went his waycs, Ca.\ton Eiteydos, xxi. 74.]
AM. see He.
AMACKALLY, adv. n.Cy. to Yks. and Lan. Not in
Sc. gloss. Also written amackilyWm. & Cum.'; amackly
Win. Lan.' [ania'kali, ama kli.] To some degree ; in
some fashion ; as it were.
n.Cy. Grose (1790); Hollowav; N.Cy.' Amackally, in a manner,
as well as one can. Nhb.' Obs. Cum. Did you get your money ?
— Aye, we dud amackaly. There wasn't time, but we gat it duin,
amackily (M.P.\ Wm. & Cum.' I send tc thisan, to tell thee
amackily what dreedful fine things 1 saw, Bonoiedalc Lett. (1787).
Wm. We leeve in yan o thor deeals up amang t'fells — a fell hecad
spot amackly es yan ma say, Clarke Spec. Dial. (ed. 18681 T'Reysh
Beraritt ; Fert ncets an daes wcr amackily o alike. Spec. Dial.
(1885) pt. iii. I ; T'poor fcllo's pluck he amackily roosed, Bowness
Studies (1868 80; Wm.' w.Yks. Hutton Tour to Oiirs 1,1781) ;
Amackly, almost, just about i^R.H.H.V Lan.', n.Lan.', ne.Lan.*
[Amackally may be thus analyzed : Amack=a iiiak (for
on mak), in a fashion ; to this the advbl. suffix -ly lias
been added, hence the gen. mg., in a manner ; see Mack.]
AMAia, adv. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. [anii'n, amean]
\. A coal-trade term ; in full force, violently, at full
speed, quickly.
Nhb.& Dur. Wagons or tubs are said to run amain if they get by
accident overan incline bank-head without the rope being attached,
or through the rope becoming detached or breaking, Nicholson
Coal Tr. Gl. ; 18881. Nhb.' Cum. Fwok cu<l lock t' wheels ov a
waggon to hinder't o' runnin' amain, Dickinson Lainplugh ^1856) 7.
2. Fig. to get amain, run amain, to get beyond control,
run riot.
Nhb. As if maw wits had run amain, Wilson Pitman's Pay, &c,
^1843' 23. w.Yks. T'fire on ffell got amain (iE.B.I.
[Amain, vehementer, valde, stremie. Coles (1679) ; Cry
you all amain, ' Achilles hath the mighty Hector slain,'
Shaks. TV. S-» Cr. v. viii. 13 ; Brave warriors, march
amain towards Coventry, ib. 3 Hen. VI, iv. viii. 64. A-,
on + main (OE. ma-gn).]
AMAISTER, V. Ob.s. sw.Shr. To teach.
Shr. Bound Prov. (1876) ; Shr.' An old man near Leintwardine,
speaking of his schoolmaster, said, ''E used to amaister me. Sir.'
Now [1876] rarely heard ; Shr.* I'll amaister it to you. I insert
this word on the single authority of a man from the neighbour-
hood of Cleobury Mortimer, who assured me that he had repeatedly
heard it in the above sense.
[How ich myehte a-maistren hem to . . . laboure For
iiere lyflode, /-*. Plowman (c.) ix. 221. OFr. amaistrer, to
niaster, to teach.]
A-M ASKED
[48]
AMENDS
A-MASKED, ppl. adj. Obs. Wil. Bewildered, lost.
Wil. Met vvitli in old Wil. documents (G.E.D.) ; Wil.l
[Philosophy is darke, Astrology is darke. . . . The pro-
fessors thereof oftentimes runne amasket, Jewel Holy
Script. (N.E.D.) Aiiiaskcd, prop, covered with a 'mask,'
blindfolded . A- (prt'f.^°) + masked. Cp. tnasked in Fuller :
Leaving him more masked than he was before, Holy
War, in. 2.]
A-MASSY, int. Dev. [a-ma si.]
nw.Dev. Massy I A-massy ! A-massy well ! A-massy me ! are
all common ( R. P. C). e.Dev.An' when 'twas done (a-maacy wull'),
Put HAN Skelches {iS^2) 25.
[Repr. Have mercy.' Heaven have mercy on me!
Shaks. 0th. v. ii. 34 ; Have mercy, Jesu ! ib. Rich. HI, v.
iii. 178.]
AMATON, sb. Sc. (Jam.)
1. A thin, bony person.
Gall. (Jam. Siippl.)
2. A foolish person ; one yielding to anger.
Dmf.
AMAUNCE, AMAUNGE, see Maunce.
AMAZE, sb. Wxf. Written amize. Amazement,
wonder.
Wxf>
[But soon our joy is turn'd Into perplexity and new
amaze, Milton P. K. 11. 38.]
AMBER, sb. Ken. Sus. [aB-mbs(r).] A plant-name :
applied to (i) All Saints' Wort, Hypericum androsacmiim,
from its smell (s.Ken. Sus.) ; (2) St. John's Wort, Hvperi-
cnm perforatiwi (Ken.). Perhaps so called from its pale
yellow flowers.
AMBER, YELLOW, see Yellow Ammer.
AMBLE, V. Nhb. Not. Oxf Also written aumble
Nhb.i [ombl, o-ml.]
1. To walk.
Nhb. Obs (R.O.H.); Nhb.'
2. To walk clumsily, to trample. Cf. shamble.
Not. She's an omblin', shomblin' sort o' lass (,W. H.S.). Oxf.'
Amble about, to tread standing corn, &c. about.
AMBRY, sb. Sc. n.Cy. to Yks. and Lan. ; also Der.
Also written aumrie Sc. ; aumry w.Yks.' Lan.'; aumery
w.Yks." ; aumbry N.Cy.'= ; almery Nhb. [a-mbri, 9mri.]
L A chest, cupboard where food is kept, pantry.
Sc. Steek [close] the amrie, lock the kist. Else some gear may
weel be mist, Scott Donald Caird ( 1818) ver. 4 ; The only furni-
ture, excepting... a wooden press, called ... an ambry, i'6. IVavcrley
(1814) xxxvii ; He has broken his face on the ambry [is fat
cheeked], HendersonP)ioj;. (1832) ii4,ed. 1881; Ambry, cupboard,
Grose (1790) MS. add. (P.) Abd. That grim gossip, chandler-
chafted want. With threed bare claithing, and an ambry scant, Ross
Hetenore (1768) i. Bwk. He kept his money in an old aumrie of
very black oak, Henderson Pop. Rhymes (1856) 87. n.Cy. Grose
(1790); N.Cy.i; N.Cy.2 No sooner up, but the head in the aumbry,
and nose in the cup. Nhb.l Cum. Ton's welcome as may be My
purse and my ambrie to share, Anderson Ballads (1808) gi ; Now
seldom used except in reference to old buildings, or as a tempta-
tion to buyers of old furniture in advertisements— ' An ancient
Ambrie' (M. P.). Wm.i Yks. Gang to your aumbrie, if you please.
And fetch us here some bread and cheese, Dcnham Tracts (ed. 1895)
II. 97. m.Yks.i w.Yks. Aumery, a cupboard where provisions
are kept. Nearly obs., Ul/.x. IVds.; w.Yks.' I hcd some cfter
temsin breead i' t'aumry. ii. 300; w.Yks.* Lan. We'n tarts an'
cheese, an' a cowd saddle o' mutton i' t'aumry yon, Waugh
Jannock (1874) ii ; Oppenyon drawer i' th' aumrie. Kay-Shuttle-
woRTii Scarsdate (18601 II. 283 ; Lan.', ? Chs.', Der.>
2. Fiir. Aumrie, or muckle aumrie, a very stupid person.
Sc.Muckle aumrie, a figurative expression applied to a big, stupid,
or senseless person (Jam.). BnfT.i Abd. 'A muckle aumrie ' is ap-
plied as a term of contempt to a clumsy person who has nothing
in him but what the spoon puts in I G.W.).
3. Conip. Cap-ambry, a press or cupboard, probably
used for holding wooden vessels used at meals (Iam.).
? Obs. ^■' '
[Ambry, the place where plate and utensils for house-
keeping are kept ; also a cupboard for keeping cold vic-
tuals : a word still used in the northern counties, and
in Scotland, Johnson ; Aumbry, a country word for
a cupboard to keep victuals in, Worlidge ; An ambrey
(pantrey), Cella peitnaria, Coles (1679) ; Ambry, vo.xjam
fere obsoleta . . . 3. cupboard's head, Skinner, Bb2; Al-
nioire, an ambry, cupboard, box ; . . . Arniaire, a cup-
board, ambrie, little press, Cotgr. ; An almery, scriniuni,
alinaiiolimi ; . . . An armorie, armarium, Levins Manip. ;
Almery of mete kepynge, cibutum. Prompt. ; Avarice hath
almaries and yren-bounde cofi'res, P. Ploivman (b.) xiv.
246. OFr. abuarie, armarie, MLat. armarium, a place for
implements, ' arms.']
AMBURY, see Anbury.
AMEL, sb. Obs. Sc. Enamel.
Sc. The amel of her eye, when she smiled, it was impossible to
look steadfastly on, IViiiter Ev. Tales, II. 8 (Jam.).
[Amel, encaUstum, Coles (1679) ; Esmail, ammel or
enammel, Cotgr. ; Ainmell for goldesmythes, esmael,
Palsgr. me. Grene aumayl on golde, Gawaine, 235.
OFr. esmail (mod. email).]
AWEVL.prep. Nhb. Cum. Yks. [anvel.]
L Among, between, amidst.
n.Cy. Amell one and two o'clock, Grose (1790"! MS. add. (P.) ;
N.Cy.'; N.Cy.2 Some pronounce it * ameld.' Nhb.' Amell them twa
to drive a bargain, Joco-Serions Discourse, 29. Cuni.'^ Nearly, if
not quite, obs. n. &e.Yks. A-mell tweay steauls the Tail may
fall to'th grund, Meriton Praise Ale (1684! 1. 90. n. Yks.' They
cam' amell seven and eight o'clock. ' Chop in amell,' direction to
a colley or sheepdog. He fand it amell t'shaffs [sheaves] ; n.Yks.*
ne.Yks.l The form ' mellem ' i.s, or was recently, used at Staithes,
where the fishermen divide the fish.' mellem y an anoother.' Amell
tweea steeals. e.Yks. Amell six and seven o'clock, Marshall liiir.
Econ. (1788).
2. Camp. Amell-door, a door midway between two
others ; -doors, a passage ; -times, -whiles, -way, see
below. See Mell-doors.
Cum.2 Amell-door, or Mell-door, a door between the outer door
and that of an inner room. n.Yks.' ; n.Yk?.^ Amell-times, orAmell-
whiles, intervals. Amell-way, in a middling way, as we say of
a person's health.
[Amel, among, betwixt, Sc, Bailey (1755) ; Amell,
among, betwixt, Coles (1677) ; Erthe is vayne and voyde,
and myrknes emel, York Plays, 6. Stratmann has the
forms a melle and / melle. See Mell.]
AMEN, in ccmp. (i) Amen-chapel, see below; (2) -clerk,
(3) -curler, a parish clerk ; (4) -wallah, a chaplain's clerk.
(i) Slang. Amen-chapel, the service used in Winchester School
upon Founder's Commemorations, and certain other occasions, in
which the responses and Amens are accompanied on the organ
(E. F.). (2) Shr.' Amen-clerk, obs. Entry in the Parish Register
of Hopton Castle, Shropshire; 'Anno Doifii, 1636. Richardus
Beb Amen-clericus scpultus maij primo.' Var. dial. Clerk, called
Amen-clerk in some places, Pegge Anec. Eng. Lang. (1803) 318.
(3) Slang. Life B. M. Carcw (1791). (4! In the army the chaplain's
clerk is called an Amen-wallah [Hindustani for man or person].
Farmer.
AMENDEN, /;;/. Obs. ? e.An. An interjection or
disguised oath.
e.An.' Suf.' A sort of oath, equivalent to 'a plague,' or a more
gross word, now disused. Where amenden ar yeow a goen ?
Amenden take you. [Not known to our correspondents.]
AMENDMENT, sb. Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp. Also
written mendment Ken.' Sus.* Hmp.' [ame'ndmant.]
Manure laid on land.
w.Ken. Grose (17901 71/5. add. (P.) Ken.', Sur.' Sus.' You
go down to the ten-acre field, and spread that amendment abroad ;
Sus.=, Hnip.l
[Chalk, lime, and other sweet soil and amendments,
Evelyn Acetaria (1699), ed. 1729, 156. ME. Yet sawe I
neuer tree that wold nought . . . receyuen tj'lthe and
amendement, LydgatePj'/p'. Soz('/f( N.E.D. ). Vr. amende-
mcnt. manure ; see Littre (s.v.), Ducange (s.v. Ameiida-
mentnm). Used in this sense also in Flem. ; see Broec-
kaert Bastaardiunnrdenboek (s.v.).]
AMENDS, sb. Der. Not. War. s.Wor. [ame'nz.] Phr.
to make amends, to return a compliment or obligation.
Der. Still commonly used (H. R.). nw.Der.' s.N^t Ah thanked
'im for the tunnips, an' told 'im we'd mek 'im amends when our
peas comed in (J.P.K.I. War. (J.W.R.) s.Wor. Porson g/(am/
ll'ds. (1875) 20; (H.K.)
AMENG
[-191
AMOVE
[To make amends, in the sense of to make a return for
something good, seems to be peculiar to the dialects. In
iit. E. one always ' makes amends ' for faults committed
or damages incurred.]
AMENG, see Among.
AMERICAN, adj. CuDih. (r) American breezers, a kind
of potato (Oxf ) ; (2) — creeper, Tropacohitn Caiiariense
(Dev.) ; (3) — lilac, Cenlraidhiis ruber 1 Uev.) ; (4) — rake,
a machine for raking hay ; (5) — waterweed, (6) — weed,
Aiiacharis alshiaslriini (Lin. Glo.).
(I) Oxf.' (2i Dev." In Som. this handsome climber is called
Canary creeper. (31 //;. American lilac, Red Valerian. (4) nw.Dev.'
American rakct" the turnover macliine hay-rake. {6) Lin. The
plant has received other trivial names, such as . . . the American
weed, Miller ,S: .Skertchlv Ftitlmid (1878) x.
AMEVE, V. Obs. Irel. To move.
Crl. Freq. used by old persons twenty years ago ("MB. -.S ). Wxf.*
[Whan she had herd al this, she noght ameved. Neither
in word or chere, Chauckr C.T. e. 498. Aiiuve, OKr.
ameiiii-, stressed stem oi ainover, amoiivoir.]
AMINDED, />/>/. n,/j. Stf. War. Glo. Oxf. Brks. Som.
[smai ndad.] Willing, disposed, inclined.
E.Stf. Her con alTord to put a good spread on the table when her's
aminded, 1'innock B/H: Cv. ^■hui. (1889) 63. War.^ D 1 as 3'ou're
aminded. Glo.^ You can dt)about that as}'ou"\'e got aminded. Oxf.*
rU go when I be amindted. li" I'd amindtcd 1 shall doot, an* if
I ant amindted I shant. Brks.' If a beant aminted to do what
I axes e, e med vind a plaayce zome'er else. Som. An' then you
shall goo, if you be a'-minded, Raymond Love and Quid Life
1*1894') '24. w.Som.' I be gwain to vote cens I be aminded, and
I baint gwain \'or t'a.x nobody.
[A- </>/vy;=) 4 tniitded. q.v.]
AMISS, in phr. amiss a/. Suf. [ami's.] Amiss with,
wrong with.
Sut. What's amiss of John, that he doesn't go to work? Some-
thing's amiss of the lawn-mower. In everyday use (F.H.) ;
(^E. C.P.I'.)
AMITAN, sb. Sc. (Jam.) A weak, foolish person ; one
yielding to excess of anger.
Dmf.
[Gael, ainadaii, a fool.]
AMMAT, see Noon-meat.
AMMER-GOOSE, sb. Sc. The great northern Diver,
Co/ymbits fi;/(ieia/is.
Abd..e.Ltli. Amnier,orEmmcr-goose, SwAiNSON/?/j-a's(i885) 213.
AMMIL, aA. Dev. [ae'mil.] A kind of hoar-frost.
Dev. There is one peculiar atmospheric phenomenon seen upon
Dartmtior, which is of rare occurrence. . . . known to the moor- folk
as the * ammil.* . . . Under certain conditions a body of thin trans-
parent ice encloses every tree, twig, leaf, or blade of grass, Paoe
Jixpior. Drlntr. (1889) i ; The ammil continued for two nights and
da^'s, RowE Perattib. Drtnir. (ed. J896) 431 : Dilee iQkee ; zee
tha trees be luking bQtivul's marning. Liikes'z cf they wuz
covered wi' dimonds. Us dawnt offen zee tha ammil za thick, dii
us ? Hewett Peas. Sfi. (iSgaX
[Prob. a fig. use of amel, q.v.]
AMMUT, see Emmet.
AMON, sb. Obsol. Ken. A child's game.
Ken. A trial of skill, in which the players endeavour to see who
can get over the most ground by means of one hop, two steps, and
a jump. The game is still practised, though the word ' Amon ' is only
known to old people. Will ye try a' amon wid me, Jack ? I'layin'
at amon does'n wear a youngster's boots out like hop scotch docs
(A.M.) ; Name obs. round Ramsgate, but a workman has seen the
game played on the sands under the name of Fling (D.W. L.) ;
Ken.'»
AMONG, />;</. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. Eng. Also
written ainang Sc. Irel. Cum. n. and e.Yks. Lan. Lin. ;
ameng w.Yks. ; imangs, imangis Sc. [sma't], ame q.]
1. Between ; used with reference to only two things.
Chs.^ ' Beat her among her een,' a suggestion frt m a drover to
make a * curst ' cow go the right way. [Amer. The money was
divided among us two. BAUTLErr.]
2. In, into; together with; esp. in plir. to mi.x among,
put among.
Sc. There's a mote amo' the milk (G.W.'). Inv. To put some-
thing among milk or water is to add something to or put something
into it (,H. r.. F. ). Abd. Noo, Mrs. Birse, ye wull not pit fusky in
VOL. L
amo' my tae [put whisky in my tea], Alexander yoA««vdii( 1871)
132. cd. 7. Per. Mix them a' ainons ane anither [in one mass]
(,G.W. \ w.Yks.3 Often used without noun, as ' There's a Hock of
geese and ducks amang.'
3. In phr. (i) among lliem, in their own hands ; (2) among
them be it, let them settle it among themselves, it is their
alTair ; (3) to be among the hands of, to be in the iiands
of, to be treated or used by.
(i") w. ats.Sc. Iinangs them, imangis thcmsells, in their own hands,
together, in common Jam. Siif'pl.). (2y Sc.Ainangyou be't, priests'
bairns ; I am but a priest's oye [grandson], Henderson Prov.
(1832) loi, ed. i88r. N.L' Among j-e be it, blind harpers [settle
it among j-ourselves : said to persons quarrelling]. e.Yks.' w.Yks.
If anyone caame to tell 'er t.nalcs abaht oother foalk, sha'd listen,
an' then say, ' Amang 'em be't' (F.P.T.). (3) Per. It's amo" your
hands. In common use (G.W.).
[2. Vinello's . . . are much used among chocolate to
perfume it, D.\mi'ikr Voy. I. 235 (N. ED.) ; Bawme helde
Among a basket ful of roses, Ciialxer Hous F. 1687.
3. The vessel that the potter made off claye brake amonge
his hondes, CovERDALEycr. xviii. 4.]
AMONG-HANDS, adv. Sc. Irel. Cum. Yks. Lan. Dcr.
Not. Lin. Also written amongans sw.Lin.'
1. Said of work or anj' undertaking : done conjointly, by
mutual help or joint action.
e.Yks. Oor fooaks is undhcr-handed rayther then ower-handcd,
bud they'll mannish amang-hands, Nicholson FlkSp. (1889^ 91 ;
e.Yks.' They'll manish te dee it amang-hands. m.Yks.' w.Yks.*
When there is a task of some difiiculty to do in a workshop and none
to whose lot it falls particularly, any unpleasantness is speedily
got rid of by agreeing to do it * ameng hands.' — A matter o' sixty
lawyers hed been consulted , . . soa ameng-hands the property was
declared under the cognizance o' the High Court o' Chancerj", ib. 93.
n.Lin. It's a orphan, bud we mun git it broht up among-han's
(M.I'."i; n Lin.' Thaay doan't kciip a sar\'ant lass noo, but thaay
get thrif th' hoosc-wark tidy enif among-hands. Th' bread's sad,
but I weiint thraw it i' to swill-tub ; we shall get thrif it among
hands.
2. Between whiles, in the meantime. Of work : done at
odd moments, conjointly with other things. Cf atween-
hands.
Ayr. H.ad he no dce'd among hands . . . I'm sure I canna think
what would hae come o' me, Galt £'»;/a//(i823 i xxxii. Ar.t. A'll d.ic
it amang ban's [after working hours, on wet days. &c ] liallymena
Obs. (1892). N L'lle'lldaetamanghans. i.e. he will get it done some-
how, b^* dividing the labour, anil finding spare time for it n.Yks.'
n.Yks.2 We can do't amang hanils. w.Yks. Trottin a bit nah an
then ameng-hands when t'road suits, Tom Treddleiiovle /Jn/»7;«/a
./}««. 1,1848) ; w.Yks.'*, ne.Lan.', Der.2,nw.Der.' sw.Lin.' There's
a woman as does the work, and wails of her among-hands. The
men ha\'e two lunches a day, and they want beer among-hands.
3. Between, amongst other things.
w. & s.Sc. Imang hands, at hand, at command, in process, on
the anvil (Jam. Siippl.). Cum. We've roughness (plenty) amang
hands, we've kye i' the byre, Anderson Ballads (1808 Tlic Aiinly ;
They wad ha kilt mch amang hands, an what couldci ha deunn
wih sooa menny o' them, ^,\Ki:.\ssofi Joe Scoap 1881) 178. n.Yks.'
Oor cart's 1' t'market amang hands [along with similar vehicles^.
w.Yks.5 A farmer will cut up a stack of bad hay and truss it off
ameng-hands. i.e. mix it up with tnisses of gtod hay and send it
thus to market Not. A've given away a many o' Ihem (lowers
amongans i^L.C. M.). swXin.' We've setten some larch with spruce
amongans.
4. Of land : belonging to difi'erent proprietors intermixed.
w.Yks. This word is still used, but much more rarely than formerly
i^M.F.^ ; w.Yks.'
AMOO,,si. Wil. Children's name for a cow. See Moo.
Wil. Aumoo, cow or buUock (.now almost ohs.\, N. & Q. (1881)
6th S. iv. 106; Ahmoos, used by nurses in t.ilking to children, on
the borders of Wil. and Som. (G E.D.> ; Wil.' Used by mothers to
children, as ' Look at they pretty ahmoos a coming ! '
AMOTH, .s7). Irel. A big soft ' gossoon ' who would cry
for nothing (S.A.B.).
N.I.' A blirlon amos [sir], a big soft fellow who weeps for a slight
cause.
[Ir. amad, a simpleton, a foolish silly person, a fool.]
AMOVE, adj. Brks. [amu v.] \foving with, full of.
Brks.' A copse is said to be ' amove wi' gaaymc.'
[./-, on -f move.]
AMP
[50]
AN
AMP. sb. Sh.I. [amp.] Fear, terror.
Sh.I. ^W.A.G.\ S.& Ork.i
[Norw. dial, aiiipe, trouble, troublesome work. It is
freq. used about the trouble with babies (Aasen). Cp.
Sw. dial, anipen, angry, anxious (Rietz).]
AMPER, sb. e.An. Ken. Sus. Hmp. Dor. Som. Dev.
[anipa(r), ae-mp3(r) ]
1. An inflamed swelling, pustule ; a varicose vein ;
matter, pus.
e.An.i A sort of inflamed swelling. Nrf.' Suf. e.Aiig. (1866)
II. 325. Ess. Amper, a swelling (P.R.) ; A rising scab or sore, allso
a vein swelled w'" corrupted bloud (K.) ; Ess.' Ken.' A tumour or
swelling. Sus.i Hmp. Prick it, an' let tli' amper out (.IR.W.) ;
Hmp.' Dor.l The chile is all out in an amper. Som. A small red
pimple, Jen.ni.ngs Obs. Dial. u'.Eiig. (1825); W. & J. Gl. : Moslly
used as to gatherings on the fingers when ' proud flesh ' swellings or
yellow-heads come. I have amper on one of my fingers (^G.S.).
w.Som.i A blotch on the face. n.Dev. Ampers, red spots and
inflammation on the skin, particularly upon the veins of the legs,
Grose (1790') MS. add. (H.)
2. A defect or flaw in cloth.
Snf. (P.R.) Sus. A fault or flaw in linnen or woollen cloth,
Ray (1691) ; Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.) ; Sus.', Hmp.'
[Amper, Ampor, a swelling ; also a flaw in cloth,
Bailey (1721) ; Amper i'?/ Ampor, vo.x Ritsticis agri Esse.x,
Ksitatissiina, quae iuniorein vel phlegmonem desigiiaf,
Skinner ; An amper, ampor, tumor, Coles (1679).
ME. pri ampres were an mancyn asr his to-cyme, Ho»l I.
237. OE. atnpre (ompre), ' varix,' a swollen vein.]
AMPERED, adj. Ken. Som. [sempsd.] Poisoned,
festered ; decayed.
Ken. Ampred chees (K.). Som. Sweetman Wiiica>tton Gl. (iSSsV
AMPERLASH, sb. Chs. Saucy, abusive language.
See Camperlash.
Chs. I'll have none o' thy amperlash, soo I tell thee, Sheaf ^iS-jCi)
I. 168 ; Chs.'
AMPERSAND, phr. In van dial, of Sc. and Eng.
Also written ampassy Cum.' Dev.' Cor.'^ ; amsiam Oxf. ;
anpasty e.An.' ; anparsy Dur.' w.Yks.'' ; anparse
w.Yks.'; anparsil w.Yks.^ ; epse-and Lin.' ; empassyon
Shr.'; empusand Suf ' ; passyCor.'^; passy-and Lin.' ;
parcy-and N.Cy' ; parseyand e.Yks.' See below. The
sign &, formerly written at the end of the alphabet in
school-books.
S.&Ork.' Aberzeant, et cetera. Abd. Usually called Eppersyand,
A'. & Q. (1880) 6th S. i. 500. N.Cy.i In the old dames' schools it
was made a twenty-seventh letter — ' X, Y, Z, and parcy.' Dur.',
Cum.' n.Yks.2 Amparsy, or Amplezant. ne.Yks.' Anparsy, in
rare use ; sometimes Parsy-and. e.Yks.' w.Yks. X, Y, Z, and
parcel, goa ta bed, Flk-rhyme, yks. N. & Q. (1888) II. 14 ; Children
sometimes conclude the alphabet by saying ' X, Y, Z, and parsil,'
H/f.i: fFrfi. ; w.Yks.'25 Chs. & — per se— and. On battledores
furnished to the free-school at Nantwich about the year 1820-1,
N. & Q. (1871) 4th S. viii. 468. n.Stf. He thought it had been put
there to finish ofl' the alphabet — though ampus-and would ha' done
as well, Geo. Eliot ^. Sfrfi? (1859) xxi. Not.' Epsey and. Lin.'
n.Lin.' ' From A to andparcy ' is equivalent to ' from beginning
to the end.' Lei.' Ampus-and. War.^ Shr.' Zad an' expassy and
[ek.spu'si'and] is heard about 'Worthcn, Iii/iod. xxili. Oxf.' Brks.'
Amsiam : always thus called by children, and named after the letter
Z when saying the alphabet. e.An.' Crab.' Ab-er zand, commonly
used in the dames' schools at 'Wisbech. Suf. Beside [Ampersand,
Anapasty], & is called here Anapasterand Amperzed, e. Aug. (^1866)
11.363: Suf.' e.Sus. , Hmp. Amperzed, HoLLOWAY. Som. Anpasscy,
'W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; Jennings Dial. iv.Eiig. (1869'). w.Som.' Our
alphabet always ends with 'aeks, wuy, zad, an paa sec.' Dev.
Ampassy, Hewett Peas. Sp, (1892) ; Dev.', Cor.'^ Cor.3 In Red-
ruth usually An-passy-an or Am pass3'-an. Colloq. Any odd shape
folks understand To mean my Protean ampersand, Punch (Apr. 17,
1869) 153.
[Repr. ' and per se— and; i. e. '& by itself=and.']
AMPERY,wi>. Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp. Som. [s mpari.]
1. Covered with blotches or pimples ; gathered.
Som. W. & J. Gl. i 18731 : My finger is getting ampery (CS.).
w.Som.' Aampuree fae-usud [blotchy faced]. A very common
description of persons, but it would not be spoken of animals.
2. Of things, esp. of cheese : rotten, beginning to decay.
Ken. An ainprey tooth, Grose (,1790) ; Almost equivalent to 'adie.'
Said of an old wagon in a rickety state and out of repair (P.M.').
ne.Ken. Applied to a creaking table, decaying cheese, or to a loose
blade in a knife {H.M.). Ken.'^ Sur.' That cheese is middlin'
ampery. Sus. The doctor opened Jim's mouth . . . but seein naun
amiss an not won ampre ang, Jackson Southtvard Ho (1894) I.
251 ; Sus.' Especially applied to cheese. Hampery, out of repair;
Sus. 2 Ampre-ang, a decayed tooth. Hmp.'
3. Fig. of persons : sickly, unhealthy.
Ken. Ampry, Lewis /. Tenet (1736). e.Ken. 'A ampery 'apoth
of cheese,' appliedto anyoneofa weakl^'constitutionl^M.T.). Ken.' ^
e.Sus. HoLLOWAY. Sus.' 2, Hmp.'
[Amper, q.v. -(--j'.]
AMPLE, adj. Shr. Also written imple Shr.' [a'mpl.]
Complete, perfect.
Shr. Very commonly used i,M.L ) ; Shr.' It wuz all in ample order
agen they comen back.
AMPLEFEYST, sb. ? Obs. Sc. (Jam.)
1. Applied to persons or animals : a sulky humour, a fit
of spleen.
Lth , Kxb. A horse is said to tak the amplefeyst, when he be-
comes restive, or kicks with violence. He's ta'en up an amplefeyst
at me
2. Unnecessary talk, long stories.
Rxb. We canna be fash'd wi' a' his amplefeysts. [Not known
to our correspondents.]
AMPLUSH, sb. Irel. s.Pem. [a'mpluj, u-mpluj.] A
disadvantage, non-plus, state of unreadiness.
Ir. He was driven at last to such an amplush that he had no other
shift for employment, Carleton Traits (1843) i. w.Ir. There was
no sitch thing as getting him at an amplush. Lover Leg. (1848)
II. 472. S.Don. Amplush. a fix, a difficulty ; used also in Munster,
Simmons Gl. (1890). s.Pem. I did'n expect it, a took me all on a
umplush (,'W.M.M.\
[Repr. «o«-//«s.]
AMPLUSH, V. Bnff. Irel. To reduce to a dilemma, con-
fuse in argument.
Bnff.' w.Ir. He'd have namplushed me long ago. Lover Leg.
(1848) II. 510.
[See Amplush, sb.'\
AMSCHACH, si. Sc. A misfortune, accident.
Sc. Grose (1790 MS. add. iC.) Bnff. The vricht [wrightl fell
afl"o' the reef o' the hoose, an got a gey sehr namschach o' thehead
(■W. G.). Abd. But there is nae need To sickan an amshach that
we drive our head, Ross Heleiiore (1768) 284.
A-MULLOCK, adv. s.Wor. Glo. Untidily ; in a con-
fused heap. See Mullock.
s.'Wor. Very commonly used (H.KV Glo. Down er went on
ers back arl a-mullock, Buckman Darke's Sojourn (.1890) vii.
[A-, on + DiullOik, q.v.]
AMY FLORENCE, sb. Obs. Nhp.
Nhp.' An}' female loosely, untidily, and tawdrily dressed. She
is quite an Amy Florence. Now nearly obs. [Not known to our
correspondents.]
A'N,prou. Sc. n.Cj'. ; also Shr. Also written ana Sc.
See One and Van. [en, an.] One.
Per. A bad ane, a good ane. Mony a ane thinks his neighbour
a coorse ane [coarse person] (G. W.'). e.Lth An' whan the warlock
bodies cuist doun their staves, an" they turned into serpents tae,
Awron's ane stude up on its hint legs an' devoored them a',
Hunter/, //ctw/- 11895'! I02. Edb. The wee ane (J.'W.L.). Cum.
Git up, my leuvv, my fair an, an' come away, Dickinson Sng. Sol.
(1859) ■'• i°- s.'Wm. A dunnan [dun an] and a black an, Hutton
Dia. Storth and Arnside (1760) 1. 23. n.Yks. It wasn't t'reetan,
TweddellC/cz'c/. /v!/iv»"«(i875)37. w.Yks.' He's a bad an. That's
a good an. Shr.^ A bad an.
AN, num. adj. Sc. Nhb. [an, yan.] The same,
equal.
Gall. They were fast comrades, being of an age, Crockett Moss
Hags 1,1895) 322. Nhb. Ki Geordy, We leve i' yen raw, weyet,
r yen corf we byeth gan belaw, weyet, N, Minstrel (1806-7) pL
iv. 76.
AN, prep. Sc. [an.] By, about the time of, often im-
plying before.
w. & s.Sc. I'll be back an gloaming. It'll be a' by an ye come back
(Jam. Siippl. ). Per. An, before ; not used so frequently as ' gin ' or
'gan.' I'll be there an an hour t^G.W.).
[Prob. an unstressed form of Sc. agane (see Again).
I'll be back agane gloaming (Jam.).]
AN
[51]
ANATOMY
AN, coiij} Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. n. and w.Yks. Lan.
Der. Also in Nhp. Glo. e.An. Sur. Hmp. Som. Dev.
Written ant Den' [an, an.]
1. If; found also in comb. Antle, if thou wilt.
Sc. Ye may gae hame an ye like, Henderson Prot>. (1832') 58, cd.
iSSi ; You'll wash my bluidy wounds o"cr and o'er. And see an
they'll bleed nae mair, Jamieson Pop. Ballads (1806) The Twa
Brothers'^ An they had ever had the luck to cross the Firth, Scott
Midlothian (1818) xi; I fore-ran A wee wee wife and a wee wee
man ; And sae will I 3'ou an I can, Chambers Pop. Rhynies (1870)
86; The biggest salmon in the river couldna gie Jonah lotigings
an it had been willing, Dickson Atild Mill. (1892) 105. Abd. An it
had been a tyddic pennyworth, I might hae chanc'd to get a mens
[civility] o' her, Fokbes Jni. (1742) 15. Frf. Twenty year syne
we began life taegither, and an it please God we can begin it again,
Barrie Mimslcr (1891) x.wi. Per. Ye may lauch an' ye like,
neeburs, Ian Maclaren Brier Bush (i8^$) 2^8. Twd. Febmarj-,
an ye be fair. The hoggs'll mend, and nacthing pair [lessen]:
Fcbruarj', an j-e be foul, The hoggs'll die in ilka pool, Swainson
IVealhfr Flk- Lore {i8j3) 3g. Gall. Whene'er we meet wi' liquor
guid, we'll drink an we be dr\*. Nicholson f/isf. Tales (1843^ 107.
n.Cy. Antle, an ihou wilt (W.W.S.). Nhb.' An yer gannin the
morn, will ye tyek us wi' ye ? Cum. Tou couldn't mend laws an
tou wad, man, Hlamire Poef. Whs. (c. 1794) arc. Wm.' An tu dus
aa'l [I'll] whack tha. Yks. Antic. Grose 11790) Siippl. ; He'd a gaed
hame that noight an' thou'd a let him, Howitt Hope on (^1840) xi.
n.YkE.'2, m.Yks.' w.Yks.' An he were. Antot'hed, if thou hadst.
Antul, if thou wilt. It's nout at an, antui believe me. bud a blind,
ii. 297 ; w.Yks.' An thah doesn't let that aloan al hagcl thee rig for
thuh. Lan.' Aw'II warm thee, an thae does it ne.Lan.' He'll
cum an a sed sooa. Der.' Ant like yo yobs. 1890''. Glo. An, if. but
often joined with ' if.' An he comes here, I will rattle him, Grose
(1790) MS. add. (H.) e.An.' An I do. Sur. When skulemaster
talked o' teachin' 'em drawin', I up and told him, an' "ee did it my
old man should draw more lines on *ee's back than ever the laads
did a' paper, Bickley Sur. Hills (1890) I. xiii. Hmp.' An I were
back, I'll pay you. w.Cy. The western man saith ' Chud eat more
cheese an chad it,' Blount (1656"!. w.Som.' An yiie plaiz [if j-ou
please]. Dev.' CoUoq. If ifs and ans were pots and pans thei c'd
be no trade for tinkers, Prov,
2. Although. ? Obs.
Sc. Get enemies the mastery over Christ as thej* will ; He will
ay be up upon them all, an they hadsworn't, GirruRiE Sennon (,1755)
II (Jam.).
3. All if, if. See Nif.
Nhp.' An if I did, what of that? w.Som.' An if, the regular
form of' if.' In rapid common speech it is nearly alw.ays contracted
into ' nif.' Neef aay wuz j'iie, aay-d zee un daam fuus [if I were
you I would see him d — d first].
4. An as if, as it were.
n.Yks. An as if the gethcrin' o' twcea armies, Rodinson Whitby
Sng. Sol. i860) vi. 13.
[1. This word is mostlj' written mid in the old writers,
and is identical with lit. E. aiit/, OE. tvid (oiid) ' ct.' The
forms and and an both occur in Shaks. (in old edd.
mostly aitt{) : Ay, mj' lord, an't please j'ou, J. Caesar, iv.
iii. 258 ; And 1 were a pope Not only thou, but every
mighty man . . . Sholde have a wyf, Chaucer C. T. b.
3140. The word and in the sense of ' if ' does not seem to
nave come into use bef. the beginning of the 13th cent.
The earliest instance in Matznkr is fr. Lnyiinon, I. 355.
2. An thou wert a lion, we would do so, Shaks. Love's
L.L. v. ii. 627. 3. An ;/ frcq. in Shaks.: It is not lost;
but what an if it were? Olh. hi. iv. 83 ; An if your wife be
not a mad-woman, M. Ven. iv. i. 445.]
AN, conj? Sc. Wm. Yks. Lan. Glo. Oxf. e.An. Som.
Also written and Not. [an.] Than.
s. & w.Sc. Its mair an ye deserve (Jam. Siippl.). Wm. Warse
an that, Briggs Remains {182^) 182. n.Yks.' Less an hau'f nowght
e.Yks.' That's waase an all. n.Lan. The lov's better an wine,
PiiiZACKERLEY S;(_i^. So/, (i860) V. 2. nc.Lan.' Not. No more and I
(J.H.li.). Glo. Ale seems more solider 'an cider this cold weather,
GissiNG ym. Haiiipden I i8go) I. vi. s.Oxf. Six 'car younger'n 'im
you was, Rosemary Chilterns (,1895) 125. e.An.' Little more an a
half. Nrf. We'll remahmbcryar love more 'an wine. Gillf.tt 5«5'.
Sol. (i860) i. 4. Som. I don't know any maid I'd sooner zee
about my house . . . an' I would you, Raymond Sam and Sabinn
(1894) 49. w.Som.' Noauudhur waiz-n u naat'urul [no other than
anaturaH,fool)]. Dev. More an that, Moore //is/. Dev. (1839) I. 353.
AN, see Anon.
AN-, see On-.
ANA, sb. Obs. Sc. (Jam.) Also written anay. A
river-island, a holm.
Sc. The stones at the head of the anay. Rxb. The Ana, or island,
opposite to the library, was many feet under water, Co/<'rfo«. Mere.
(Jan. 29, 1820^.
ANACK, s6. Obs. Hrt. A kind of bread.
Hrt. Six several sorts of [oatmeal bread] may be made ... as
your anacks, janacks, &c. , Ellis Cy. //",/. ' 1750 205.
[Anack, a sort of fine bread made of oatmeal, Bailev
(1721).]
ANAN, sec Anon.
AN ATE, adj. s.Ircl.
Wxf.i An.-ite. prepared.
ANATOMY, sb. Sc. Irel. and in gen. use throughout
dial. exc. in se. counties. Also by apiiaercsis natomy.
notomy, atomy. The latter form occurs in Nhb.' w.Yks.*
ne.Lan.' n.Lin.' nw.Der.' Der.* War. se.Wor.' Ilrl.'*
w.Som.' Dev. Cor.'^; ottomy w.Yks.'* Nhp.'; ottomy
Irel. Chs.' Der.' War. : otoniy w.Yks.* Ilrf Glo.'; nottamy
n.Cy.' nw.Der.' Shr.' ; notomize n.Yks."* w.Yks.' War.
se.Wor.' ; ottimaze, ottimize Chs.' War. See below,
[ana'tami, atami, no'tami, o'tami, -aiz.]
1. A skeleton.
Sc. Attamie Jam.). N Cy.' Wm. Wor thor giants alive! . . .
they er netvvhick I racken, they er what they coo otamys, Wheeler
Dial. (1790) 98, ed. 1821. n.Yks.' m.Yks.' Notomise, Notomy.
w.Yks.'2; w.Yks.* He use to goa through a trap door intui t'cellar
ivvry daay to hike ar it [his money], an' one daay t'trap door fell
ower him an' clickt him in, an' monny a year at after he wur fun a
notomize. Lan. An gooin obeawt stretes loike o lot o "notamies,
Ormerod TV;' Felleyfro Rachde (1851) i. e.Lan.' Notomy. Chs.',
Der.2 Rut. Yon lad's got a good ottamies. 'e 'asn't got a sprained
bone in 'is body (F.P.T.). Nhp.', War.i J.R.W.) se.Wor." Atomize.
Hrf.', Glo.' Hnt. Nottomy, Nattomy lT.P.F.\ e.An.'
2. A very thin, emaciated person or animal, a ' bag of
bones,' also altrib.
Sc. She is wasted to a fair anatomy. Roy Horseman's JI'd.
(1895 , vi. Nhb.' He's just a bit atomy. She's gyen tiv a fair notomy.
Cum.' She's dwinncl't away til a atomy. n.Yks.' He's pined tiv
a notomize, there's nought left on him but a few bccans an a trifle
o' bowels. Chs.' The child that she carried on her arm was sup-
posed to be witched, for it went into a nottymaze and died
(s.v. Witched). s.Chs.' Eh, what a nottimize yo bin ; j'o dun loc'k
badly. Der.', nw.Der.' Anotomy. Nottoniy. n.Lin.', War. J.R.W.)
Wor. 'Er was that wasted, 'er 'ad got to be a complete natomy, or
frameo' bwones ; H.K.). s.Wor.' Nottomy. se.Wor.' Shr.' A cer-
tain faddy mistress ' werritcd the poor giild [her inaid-scr\-ant] till
'erwuza rael nottamy.' Hrf.' He's gone to an atomy. Glo. 'Natomy,
Baylis///«s. /)/(»/. (1870^ Oxf.' Natomy. Notomy. 'Er little un's
nuth'n but anatomy [UurlitI unz nuth-n bt u nat umuuy]. Suf.'
He's wasted to a nottamj'. 'Tis nawn but a nottomize. Wil.'
Natomy, Nolamy, Notamizc. Dor. Lookzce didst ever zee zich a
leedle notomy (I". P.). w.Som.' Poor blid ! [blood, i.e. body] her idn
no otherw,iys'n nottomy, her can't make use o' nort. A proper
old nottamy [oal n.au tumee]. Atomies, worn out, wretched
creatures. Dev. 'And pray,' said the bishop, 'were yoii at all
inconvenienced by keeping the body [a baby] a day longer!'
' Not a bit o't, my lord ; us might have kep' un till these d.iy —
'twas but a poor atomy thing.' Memoir Russell (1878) ix. Dev.^
Marj' Ann's babby is a wislit atomy cheel. and by awl tullin'
'er idden long vur thcase wordle. Cor. He's thin as a natamus
(H.D.L.); Cor.' Anatomis ; Cor.^ Notomy, a little dried-up man.
Cant. That old dried-up otomy, who ought to grin in a glass case
for folks to stare at, Ainsworth Ronhiood '^183^) bk. ill. ii. [NBd.
Poor John is reduced to a n.atomy iG. P \]
3. A pigmy, diminutive person, a small thin 'slip of a
fellow.' Cf accamy.
w.Ir. The halfof wliat the dirty little ottomy wasreadin'. Lover
if?- (1848 11.475. s.Wxf. J'.J.M.i Lan. Thou little otty-motty !
Brieriey ll'averlow (1863) 17. ed. 1884. Br'/is.' Dost think anj'-
body 'ud mind a natomy of a chap like thee!
4. Used contemptuously, of a man.
Lth. He's a big, .saft. lowbred, useless anatomy o' a man,
Strathesk More Bits 1885^ 283. War. Though what could make
her take up with a poor nolomise of a parson, as hasn't got
enough to keep wife and children, there's One above knows —
I don't, Geo. Eliot Amos Barton (,1858) vi. Dev. A native of
H 2
ANAUNTERS
[52]
ANCHOR-STOCK
Torcross spoke derisively of the caravan-folk who came to the
regatta as ' a passel of old atomies,' Reports Piovinc. (1883) 80.
5. A small portion ; a particle of anything previously of
larger bulk.
n.Yks.2 There's nobbut an atomy on't left.
[1. An anatomy, scchioii, Coles (1679) ; Scelcic, the
whole coagmentation of bones in their natural position,
also an anatomy made thereof . . . which we call a
skelton or skeleton, Cotgr. ; Death, death, O amiable
lovely death ! . . . that fell anatomy, Shaks. A'. John, in.
iv. 25, 40. 2. One Pinch : a hungry lean-faced villain,
A mere anatomy, ib. Com. En: v. i. 238 ; Thou atomy,
thou ! — Come, you thin thing, ib. 2 Hen. IV, v. iv. 33.
The forms in -ize, as ottiinise, notoiiiize, are prob. due to
anatomise, vb ]
ANAUNTERS. conj., adj. and sb. Usually in pi. In
n. counties to Yks. and Lan. Also written enanters
N Cy.' n.Yks. ; anaunter Nlib.' ; enaunter w.Yks.' ;
ananters Nlib.' Dur.' Cum. Wm. n.Yks. w.Yks.' ne.Lan.';
ananthers Wm. n.Yks.'^ ne.Yks.' m.Yks.'; enanthers
n.Yks.'^ [anant3(r), a'ntar.]
1. coitj. Lest, in case that.
N.Cy.i Nhb.i Ananters aa get well home. Dur.' Cum, & Wm.
* A'll just put in a few garden seeds, ananters,' said a village shop-
keeper in sending an order to a customer in the spring (M.P. ).
Wm. Step in tae see yaur nebbors en ant er they will be vexed,
Wheeler Dial. (1790) 85, ed. 1840. n.Yks. Ah'd better drop, in
anters 'at Ah gi'es tha ower mitch ov a gud thing, Tweddell Clevch
Rhytnes \i8-] 5] ^o ; n.Yks.^ ; n.Yks.2 Ananthus. I'll take my eloak,
ananthers it should rain. ne.Yks.^ Thoo mun stop here ananthers
he cums. m.Yks.^ w.Yks. Hutton Tour to Ca^rs {I'jSi) ; w.Yks.*
Ananters he does lick us. To mack a girt bloaz, ananters they
spy a leet i t'other beacons, ib. 31, ed, 1834. neXan.^
2. adj. Applied to ' company ' dishes.
Cum. & Wm. Ananters pudding, an e.xtra Sunday dish to be used
in case of the arrival of company (^M.P.).
3. sb. conip. Poke-anaunters.
Wm. The nickname ' poke-ananthers ' was given to a good Tor-
nothing who always carried a bag in case he met with anj'thing
worth picking up ( J.M.).
Hence Anaunterscase, avy. lest it should be the case.
N.Cy.* Nanterscase. n.Yks.' Nanthcrskeease. ne.Yks.' The
form ananthers case was frequently used near Northallerton some
years ago; but now obsolete, or very nearly so.
[Anger nould let him speake to the tree, Enaunter his
rage mought cooled be, Spenser S/i. Kal. Feb. igg ; With
them it fits to care for their heir, Enaunter their
heritage do impair, ib. May, 77; An aunter hit nuyede
me, P. Plowman (c.) iv. 437 (an auenturc, (b.) hi. 279)
Ah, on + atinler (aiienlnre), OFr. aventtire, Lat. adventiira.]
ANAUNTRINS, conj. Obs. Nhb. Yks. ; nantherins
n.Yks.° If so be, peradventure.
n.Cy. (K.); N.Cy.' Nhb. Grose (1790). n Yks.'^ Nantherins.
w.Yki.'
[Anaiiit/rins, if so be. Coles (1677). Anaiinler + -ings,
advb. ending; see above.]
ANBURY, sb. Yks. Lin. Nhp. e.An. Also written
hanbury Nhp.^ Nrf Suf.' ; nanberry n.Yks.' w.Yks. ^
Ercq. ambury and anberry. [a'nbari, a'nibari.]
1. A spongy swelling on the bodies of horses or oxen.
n.Yks.' w.Yks.^ Nanbury, a kind of wart formed on the bag of
a cow. n.Lin.* Nhp.' Anberry, a small excrescence at the end of
a horse's nose. . . . We occasionally apply it to a wart on the heel.
e.An.' Anberry, a small swelling, or pustule, to which horses arc
subject on the softest parts of their bodies. Nrf. The hanbery,
a distemper in a horse's heel, which was a watry excrescence,
that would sometimes grow to the bigness of one's fist, Lisle
liusliundry (1757).
2. A disease affecting turnips and other allied plants,
popularly supposed to be due to the puncture of an insect.
n.Cy. Anbui-y, Grose (1790) Siippl. Nhp.', e.An.' Nrf. That
common destructive turnip disease ... in the sandy grounds of
Norfolk . . . [which] is there called anbury [called also fingers-and-
toes], Ellis Mod. Hush. (1750) IV. i. 27. e.Nrf. The anbury is a
large excrescence, which forms itself below the apple [i.e. root of
turnip]. It grows to the size of both the hands ; and, as soon as
it is . . . brjught to maturity, it becomes putrid, and smells very
offensively, Marshall Rur. Ecan. (1787). Suf.'
[1. Ambury (Anbury), a bloody wart on any part of a
horse's body, Johnson ; A disease in horses breaking out
in spungy swellings, Bailey (1721) ; The ambury (in
horses), Verruca spongiosa sanguine plena. Coles (1679) ;
Ambury, Morbus equoruin. Skinner ; Moro, a mulberry-
tree, also a kind of wartle in some horses, called an
anberry, Florid. Prob. a variant of Angleberry.]
ANBY, adv. Wil. Dor. Som. Also written amby
w.Som.' [anbai', ambai'.] Presently, by and by; anby
night, to-night.
Wil.' I be main busy now, but I'll do't anbye. Dor. Anby
(W.W.S.). Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825). w.Som.'
When be gwain ': — Oh amby, can't go avore. Umbye, used with
' night ' in thesenseof to-night.' Nifyou wantto catch'n, look in
to Half- Moon umbye night, 'bout of a nine o'clock
[Perh. for 'by and by.' — At Yatesbury, n.Wil., the
form used is (or was) present-an-bye, which seems to com-
Xnxxc presently and by and by (G.E.D.).]
ANCE, V. Sh. and Or.I.
1. To heed, care for. Usually with negative. See Ant.
Sh.I. (Coll. L.L.B ); Never anse him. Will du no anse me?
[pay attention] (K.I.).
2. To have regard to, to concern.
Or.I. It is little anced to you (K.M ).
ANCH, see Hance.
ANCHOR, sb. Yks. Lin. Lei. Nhp. Glo. Hmp. Also
written anker w.Yks.'^* [a"i)ka(r), er)ka(r),]
1. The chape of a buckle, the part by which it is attached
to the belt, strap, &c.
N.Cy.i e Yks.' MARSHALL/?»)-.£fO». (1788). w.Yks.' ; w.Yks.s
Enchor. Glo. Grose ii79o"l ; Anchor, so called from its holding
fast the strap inserted in it, Hollowav. e.An.' The part of a
buckle . . . put into a slit in the strap ; so called from some resem-
blance in shape to an anchor. Hmp.' Wil. The anchor is the
part by which [a buckle] is first fastened : opposed to the tongue
which holds it when fixed, Britton Beauties (,1825) ; Wil.'
2. The tongue and swivel of a buckle, the part which
pierces the strap and keeps it in place.
w.Yks.''*, n.Lin.' Lei.' The piece of metal [called also Anchor-
piece] is shaped something like an anchor. The hole in a buckle
through which the strap passes is called the ' mouth ' ; the * tong '
and 'chape' represent respectively the 'tongue' and 'chap,' or
' cheek,' of the buckle. Nhp.' Anchor, the transverse piece of a
buckle which attaches to the chape.
3. An iron tie in a building.
n.L-n.'
4. Coinp. Anchor-piece, see 2.
Lei.'
ANCHOR, V. e.An. Of tree-roots : to anclior out, to
hold fast like an anchor.
e.An.'
ANCHOR-FROST, sb. Lei. Nhp. (i) A frost which
causes ice to form along the bed of a running stream ;
(2) Anchor-ice, q.v.
(,1 ) Lei.' Nhp.' This frequently occurs in the neighbourhood of
a mill-stream, and I remember once hearing a miller say, 'We had
a sharp anchor-frost last night, for my pole would stand upright
in the water this morning.' (2) Lei.'
[Bright enough to thaw an anchor-frost on the mill-
wheel, WiivTE IVIelville in Fortn. Rev. (Nov. 1867) 588.]
ANCHOR-ICE, sb. Lei. Ice formed far below the
surface of the water in a running stream ; ground ice.
Lei.l
ANCHOR-STOCK, sb. Obs. Sc. A large long loaf
of rye, or more rarely of wheaten, bread.
Sc. Anker-stock has been supposed to be so called from ' an
anchorite's stock, or supply for some length of time' ; or, more
probably, ' from some fancied resemblance to thestock of ananclior,'
SiBBALD Cliroii. Poetry {1802") (Jam). Edb. Before Christmas in
Edinburgh large tables of anchor stocks [appeared] at the head of
the old Fish-market Close. These anchor-stocks, the only species
of bread made from rye offered for sale in the city, were exhibited
in every variety of size and price, from a halfpenny to a half crown,
Blaikw. Mag. (Dec. 1821) 691 ; A Musselburgh ankerstoke to
slice down for tea-drinkings and posset cups, MoiR Maiisie IVnuch
(1828) vii ; I have heard my grandmother speak of the ankcr-
stock loaves she used to buy in the High Street of Edinburgh
(J.W.M.).
ANCIENT
[53]
ANCONY
ANCIENT, sb} Soni. Naut. [ae njant ] The ensign or
national colours.
[Ancient, the flag or streamer in the stern of a ship. Probably
from end-sheet ^for seamen call the sails sheets , the most likely
name for the flag in the stern : they corruptly speak ' Anshent '
(K.).] w.Som.' The Union Jack of a British vessel. In the Bristol
Channel this is the usual term among the fisher- folk. How can
anybody tell what her is, nif her ont show her ancient?
[Ancient, the flag or streamer of a ship, and, formerly,
of a regiment, Johnson; Ancient, or Anshent, a flag or
streamer set up in the stern of a ship, Bailky (1755).]
ANCIENT, «(()■. and .s/j.= Sc. Irel. Yks. Chs. Not. Lin.
Shr. Suf. Soni. Dev. Cor. Also written encient N.I.'
[e njant, e'njant.] See Old.
A. (k/J. 1. Old, advanced in years.
Ir. An ould ancient man. Barlow Bog laud dSgs"! 80. [The
younger brother is the ancienter gentleman, Ray Prov. (1678)
85.] Suf.' A very ancient man. Dev. 'Auncient I ' she ex-
claimed ; 'I'se warrant he's as old as Adam,' Be(ay Tniuar and
Tavy (1836) II. 4. Cor. 'Ancient ould ' and 'ould ancient' are
often used in conversation. He's an ancient ould fellow ^M.A.C).
2. Cunning, clever.
N.I.' A sea gull's a very anncient bird.
3. Of children : staid, demure, precocious.
Per. An ancient bairn ^G.W. !. s.Chs.' Hoo's an ancient little
thing. s.NoL The lass can mek noise anoo when she likes, for all
she looks so ancient (J.P.K.X Shr.' Patty wuz a mighty nice
little wench, 'er went about things so stiddy an' ancient. Such
children are said to be ' too ancient to live.'
B. sh. An old man ; quaint, old-fashioned person ; in
pi. ancestors.
w.Yks.' Antients. n.Lin.' Well, old ancient, what did Adam
saay when you last seed him? w.Som.' Well, my old ancient, how
b'ce ? Her s a proper old-ancient, her is,
[A. 1. This ancient ruffian, sir, whose life I have spared
at suit of his grey beard, Sh.-\ks. K. Lrai; 11. ii. 67. 2. The
duty of old women is ... to be sober, sage, and ancient,
Becon C/ir. AV//jr. (1564) 521 (N.E D.>. B. Those that
lived in old times were called ancients, Johnson; Can
a man . . . brag of the vertucs of his auncients if his
owne life be vitious? Crosse Vertucs (1603) 21 (N.E.D.).
Cp. Fr. Ics anciriis, (il the nations of old time, (2) the old
writers, esp. of Greece and Rome.]
ANCIENTNESS, a7a Sc. Antiquity.
Sc. Ancientness, s. v. Ancientry (Jam. S/r/>/>/.V Edb. Great folk
pretend to have histories of the auncientness of their families, MoiR
Afansie IVaiich (1828) 5.
[Ancientness, ancientry, antiqnitas, vetiistas, Coles
(16791 ; Aiicioinrte, ancientness, oldness, Cotgr.]
ANCIENTRYiSZi. Sc. Lan. Also written auncientry Sc.
1. Antiquity.
Cld. They claim great ancientry o' name and bluidi^jAM. Siippi).
2. l^recocity.
Cld. The ancientry o' that bairn I diiina like ; he talks like a
gran 'father (Jam. Sii/'f'l.'.
3. Old things, antiquities.
Lan. It's o' cromful! o' ancientry. An' Roman haw-pennies,
Waugii Sugs, (18661 Eawr Flk ; Lan.'
[Ancientry, tlie honour of ancient lineage ; the dignity
of birth, Johnson ; Wronging the ancientry (i. c. the old
people), Shaks. Hint. T. hi. iii. 63. Ancieiit+-ry.^
ANCIENTY, sl>. Cor. Antiquity.
w.Cor. That [a cromlech] 's a reg'lar piece of ancientey M.A.C).
[Ancicnty, ancientness, Kersey ; Ancienty, eldership.
Coles (1677); Ancicnty, oldcnesse, eldcrtymc, oldc con-
tinuance, Haret ; A grct stanc . . . That throu the gret
anciente Was lowsyt, Barbour Dnice, vi. 252. AFr.
ancicntc'.]
ANCITER. see Aunceter.
ANCLE-BAND, sh. "i'ks. [a'rjkl-band.] A strap for
low shoes ; a shoe with a strap round the ancle.
n.Yks. (J.T.) ; n.Yks.' ; n.Vks.^ Anklcband, a strap attached by
its middle to the back of the shoe with the ends meeting in front
of the instep and buttoning upon it. ne.Yks.' m.Yks. Ah want
a pair o' ancle-bands. Ah've brokken strap o' my ancle-band
(,R.S.).
ANCLE-BELT, sb. Yks. Lan.' [eTjklbelt.] A slice
for children, nearly like a slipper with a strap round
the ancle.
w.Yks. Anklc-belt in this sense h.ns a very wide use (B. K.).
Lan. Ancle belt is a familiar word in North Lonsdale (JR.).
ANCLE-JACK, sb. Cum. Wm. Lan. Nhp. War. Oxf.
Ilrt Dor. Colon. See below.
1. A heavy boot coming above the ancle, sometimes used
in Lan. of laced clogs.
Cum. (J. p.) Wm. Obsol. (\\. D. R.^ Lan. His feet were sheathed
in a pair of dinkered ancle j.irks, Wauhm Besom BeMli66$) i;
Lan.', ne.Lan.', m.Lan ' Nhp.' Ancleejacks or ankle Johns.
Jolin, or Johnny, is a common generic term for rustics by whom
these articles are worn. War.3 Oxf.' Ankley-jacks, shoes, strong,
but not water-tight, MS. add. Hnt. (T.P.F.) Dor. He wore
breeches and the laced-up shoes called ankle-jacks, Hardy Madding
Crowd iiB']^) viii. Colloq. He changed his shoes and put on an
unparalleled pair of ankle-jacks, Uickens Dombry (1848) xv.
[Aus., N.Z. In a few months' time you come across him on the
gum field in ankle jacks and ragged shirt, picking up a scanty living,
H.w Bii^littr llnldin (1882, II. 24 ]
ANCLE-STRAP, sb. Var. dial. See below.
w.Yks. Ankle strap, a kind of children's shoes, nearly like a
slipper, with a strap to go around the ankle to keep them on the
fcet(B.K.,; In Keighley the child's shoes fastened with a semi-
detached strap, buttoning in front, are called ancle-straps (J.R.%
Lan. (A.C.) [' Ancle strap ' I have met with as far south as Bristol,
and I fancy it is common in the Midlands i^R.S.\]
ANCLET, s6. Nhb. Wm. Yks. [a-rjklit, e-gklit] A
gaiter, a short stocking.
n.Cy. Anclet, a gaiter (IIai.l.") ; N.Cy ' Anclet, Ancleth, a gaiter.
Nhb.i Wm.' Obi. w.Yks.^ A short stocking or sock.
ANCLIFF,s6. Sc. Ircl. Nhb. Lan. Chs. Nhp. War. Wor.
Shr. Pem. Glo. 0.\f Sur. Sus. Dor.; not in gloss. ofe.An.
and svv. counties. Also in the forms anklet N.I.' N.Cy.'
Nhb.'; ankley s.War.' se.Wor.' Glo.' Oxf.' w.Sus. ; an-
cleth Sc. N.Cy.'; anclief N.Cy.' ; anclif e.Lan.' Chs.»;
anclee, Nhp.' War.*; ancley Sur.' Sus.' [a'rjklif, a'qklat,
a'ljklit, a'i)kl9}>, a r)klii.]
1. The ancle.
Sc. Hancleth, Sibdald C/iinii. Pocliy (iSos^i (Jam.V N.I.' n.Cy.
Grose (,17901 ; N.Cy.' Nhb. Te see them hirplin 'cross the floor
Wi anklets shawd, Wilson /V/i(in«'s Pny (1843) 24 ; Nhb.' Lan.
E aktilly pood [pulled] o seek gradely oer his yed as reycht welley
dcawn to his ancliffes, Ormerod Fdley fro Itac/idc {1664'^ v ; Lan.'
Yore Jack's knockt his anclef out wi' jumpin. e.Lan.', Chs'
Chs.^ Th" neatest anclitV as ever oi seed. Nhp.' War.* Aneler.
se.Wor.' Shr.' The maister's bin laid up above a wik uuth a kench
in 'is aneler, an they sen as it'll be a wik or nine d,-ij's lunger afore
'c'll be about agen. s.Pera. Aiikler, Laws Lilllc Eiig. (1888^ 41Q.
Glo.', Oxf.'. Sur.' Sus. Turnen he's ancliff, Jackson Suiilliu.arU
Ho ^18941 I. 433 ; Sus.', Dor.'
2. Coiiifi. Ancliff-bone.
Sus.' i\ 1 have put out my ancIifT-bone [sprained my ancle].
[The forms oiikhy, aiiclce, go back to OE. oiiclruiu ; cp.
01 IG. (iiichlno, MDn. aiic/aii, Du. ciiklawc and aciiklaiiwe
(KiLiAN). This type is prob. due to form-association
witli the word ' claw ' ; see Clee. With the forms a)tclif,
anclief, cp. MDu. ««(//</ (Verdam), OFris. o«X-/i/ (RiciiT-
iioFENl, the phonology of which has not been explained.
The forms ancleth, anklet, arc possibly developed fr. the
■/form.]
ANCOME, sb. n.Cy. [a'nkum.] An ulcerous
swelling. Sec Income.
N.Cy.' Ancome. any swelling or other infirmity not traceable to
any cause, or which has formed unexpectedly. Cum.*
[Ancome, a kind of boil, sore, or foul swelling in the
fleshy parts. Kersey; An ancome {(c\on), fiirunciihis,
Coles (1679); I'ijt, an ancombc, or a sore upon one's
finger, Hexham ; An ancome, aiivculitius morbus. Baret.
In ME. oncoine is used of the plagues of Egj'pt : pc tojier
oncome atte him fclle Was froskis, Cursor M. 5927. Cp.
ON. likonta, arrival, visitation, eruption on the skin.]
ANCONY, sb. Stf. Sus.( ohs.) and Tech. A term for
a ' bloom,' or roughly wrought piece of iron of a parti-
cular shape ; also conip. Anconyend.
Sus. Ancony is a bar about 3 feet long ; at both ends a square
piece [is] left rough to be wrought at the Chafery, Ray (1691).
AND
[54]
ANDER
Stf. A Bloom [has] two square knobs at the end, one much less
than the other, the smaller being called the ancony-end, (K. ) ; Stf.i
[At the iron-works, in the forge call'd the Finery, they work the
metal by the hammer till they bring it into Blooms and Anconies.
A E!oom is a four square mass of about two foot long w'='' they
afterwards by heating and working bring to an Ancony, the figure
whereof is in the middle a barr about three foot long of that shape
w*" they intend the whole bar shall be after made, leaving at each
end a square rough piece (K.).]
AND, sb. ? Obs. Sc. Yks. Also Nrf. Also written
eind Sc. ; eynd e.An.' Nrf. ; yane Yks.
1. The breath ; to take one's einds, to take a breathing
space, pause in any employment.
Sc. His stinking end, corrupt as men well knows, Watson Coll.
Poems (1706) III. 24 (Jam.) ; Aynd, breath, Grose (1790) MS. add.
(C.) Abd. And a' were blyth to tak' their einds And club a pint
o' Lillie's Best ale that day, Skinner Poems (1809) 13, ed. 1859.
Per. Eind. This word is not common (G.W.). n.Cy. I am out of
eand (K.); N.Cy.^ Eand. Yks. Yane (K.). n. & e.Yks. A base
stincking yane, Meriton Praise Ale (z6S^) 564.
2. Sea-mist, ' water-smoke.'
e.An.' Nrf. The eynd, or water-smoke, as it is called, occurs
mostly between spring and autumn. All at once a damp cold mist
sets in from the sea and spreads at times many miles inland.
Sometimes it remains the whole day, at others not more than an
hour or two, then gradually vanishes. It has a faint smoky appear-
ance, as if entirely distinct from ordinary fog. White e.Ettg.
{lB6^^ I. 176; Though a resident for nearly half a century in
Norfolk, I never heard the well-known trying fog called eynd, or
by any name like it, N. & O (1866I 3rd S. ix. 361.
[He na mocht His aynd bot with gret panys draw,
Barbour Bruce, rv. 199 ; Myn and is short, I want wynde,
Toivneley Myst. 154 ; An ande, anelitiis, Cath. Atigl. ; pis
under wynd him gis his aand, Cursor M. 541 {y.r. ande,
ond, onde). ON. audi, breath.]
AND, V. Sc. (Jam.) Obs. Written eind, eynd. To
breathe, whisper, devise, imagine.
[Spiral, ergo vivit, as I wald say, he aindes, ergo he lives,
Ress. betiv. Knox and Crosraguel (Jam.) ; ON. anda, to
breathe.]
AND, adv. Yks. [an.] In phr. with comparatives
and . . . and= ilie . . . the.
Yks. An' more he saw, an' worse he liked it, Taylor Miss Miles
(1890^ XV.
AND, conj. Sc. Irel. Yks. Chs. Stf. Lei. War. Won Glo.
Oxf. [and, an.]
1. Connecting two adj. or an adj. and a ///. it gives to
the former an advb. force.
e.Yks.l Fine and [i.e. exceedingly] pleased. Awful and tired,
vexed, unfortunate, &c., MS. add. (T.H.) s.Chs.' Fine an" vexed.
Stf.2 I'm afeart ar Mary Ann's got lost, 'ers foine an late ony road up.
That apple-pai wur rser an good. Mi feidharz [father's] foin an
drunk taneit. Wor. This table is beautiful and smooth (J.W.P.).
2. To introduce a nominative absolute, sometimes with
ellipsis of 11.
Sc. Could I go against my father's orders, and him in prison, in
the danger of his life ? Stevenson Calnoiia (1893) x. e.Lth. It
wadna be seemly, an' me a deacon. Hunter /. Iiiwict (1895) 38.
Ir. See all the people and the}- laughing ! How could I say it an'
me an me oath ? [said by a witness before the Times Allegations
Commission] (G.M.H.). Kid. I walked in the garden, and hid [it]
in bloom [it being in bloom], Oral ballad • G M.H.).
3. (1) Between two ordinal numbers (the first of which
would be a cardinal in lit. E.); (2) in phr. expressing
strong affirmation ; (3) connecting every memljer of a
clause, and is redundant
(i) Sc. When Paris was in his twentieth and fourth year,
three goddesses are said to have waited of him, Scotic. (1787) 115;
The twentieth and first verse of the hundredth fortieth and fifth
psalm, 14,95. (2 Lei.' At public meetings particularly it is a favourite
form of expressing assent — ' And way wull,' ' And it is.' War.^ ;
War.^ This is common enough in Birmingham but I do not
remember it in rural Warwickshire. (3") Sc. And in and at her
bower window, The moon shone like the gleed, Jamieson Pop.
Ballads ("18061 Glmkiiidie. s.Oxf. 'Ee scs a married ooman can't
ha' nothin' of 'cr own, not 'less it's writ down by the lawyers an'
signed an' scaled and ever so, Rosemary Chiltcrns (1895) 60.
4. And is sometimes omitted after vbs. of motion.
Glo. I'll go look, GissiNG Both oj this Parish (1889) I. 3.
AND ALL, adv. and con;., prop. phr. Sc. Irel. Nhb.
Cum. Win. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf Der. Not. Lin. Rut. Lei.
War. Wor. Glo. Oxf. Som. Dev. Written an', [an a,
an 9, an 9I, an ^al.]
1. adv. And everything (else), et cetera. Hence : also,
besides, in addition.
Sc. Woo'd and married an' a', Baillie Siig. Dmf. The red, red
rose is dawning and a', Rem. Nilhs. Sng. no (Jam.). Bwk. He
ran to the smith, he ran to the sutor. He ran to the cooper an' a',
Henderson Po/>. /?/ij;Hf5 (1856) 133. Nhb.' An aa. An aal. The
folks was gaun in, so aw bools in an' a', Robson Sngs. of Tyiie
(1849). Cum.i We'd breed, an' butter an' cheese an' o', an o'
maks o' drink. Wm. When she saw me she wept; I wept ano',
HunoN Bran New IVark (1785) 1. 378 ; Wm.l He's gitten et ano.
n.Yks. An' there's sum canny bit lasses annole, Tweddell Clevel.
Rhymes (1875) ir; Tack them reeaks [rakes] wi tha, an' thoo'd
better tack't forks an' all (W.H.). e.Yks. He had ti clame wall ower
wi tar, an he clamed his-sen anole, an neeah mistak, Nicholson
Flk-Sp. (1889) 94 ; e.Yks.l Bill and Tom went an all. m.Yks.i
Ah's going an' a'U. w.Yks. Whoy, we'n all been up an darn
anole ! Bywater SheJ^eld Dial. (1839) 27 ; w.Yks.' There's Tommy
come an au ; w.Yks.'^ Recovering he found himself in a warm
bed. And in a warm fever an' all. Lan. Hoo wanted to kiss
thee an' o, Waugh Sngs. (1866) 8, ed. 1871. ne.Lan. I make nowt
o' poor folk apein th' quality, and when they're deead and all,
Mather Idylls (1895) 19; ne.Lan.' An-o. Chs.' Mun 01 come an
aw? Sometimes reduplicated, 'An all an all.' s. Chs.' The Lord
do so to me, an more an aw, Ruth (1887'! i. 17. s.Stf. Yo'd better
tak me an* all wi yer (T.P.). Stf.2 If the't gooin to th' concert, oi
shud loike ar Tum fur goo an aa. Der.' Ano [old unoa", mod. unau'].
nw.Der.' An-aw. Not.' ; Not.^ An' he did it anall. Lin. She beald
* Ya mun saave little Dick, an' be sharp about it an' all,' Tennyson
Owd Rod (1889). n.Lin. Fer he'd sawn wheat agaan that year an'
all. Peacock Tales and Rhymes (1886) 70 ; n.Lin' He wants sendin'
to Ketton [Kirton- in- Lindsey prison], an' a cat o'-nine-taailsan'-ail.
Rut.' He's not very well, and the weather's rather inferia! and all.
Lei.' Let the b'y coom an' all. War.'^ Bring your sister and all ;
War.^ Have you got your pipe and ail and all. se.Wor.' Ower Tom
a got a good place ; 'e gets five shillin' a wick, un 'is tittle an
all. Glo. Joice'll be there an' all, Gissing Fill. Hampden (1890)
iii. w.Som.' I 'sure 3'ou, sir, I've a beat-n and a-told to un, and a-
tookt away 'is supper an all, and zo have his father too, but tidn
no good, we can't do nort way un [a truant's mother's answer
to chairman of School Board]. Dev. It had to be all clean and
polished then, kettle and all, O'Neill Idylls (1892) 49. CoUoq.
Down comes the baby and cradle and ail. Nursery Rhyme ; You talk
o' better food for us, an' schools, an' fires, an' all, Kipling Brk.
Ballads (1892) Tommy.
2. Expletive or emphatic.
Ir. An' you full as a tick, an' the sun cool, an' all an' all, Kipling
Plain Tales (1891) Private Oilheiis; And I thramped afther thiin,
. . . carryin' the baskets an' all. Barlow Bog-land (1893) 45. s.Ir.
Grand company coming to the house and all, and no regularser\'ing-
man to wait, Croker Leg. (1862) 285. Cum. We must be off, or
they'll likelybefiningmeandaw, fornotbeingatt'meeting,//f/!'f//v»
in Cornh. Mag. (Oct. 1890) 380. Lei.' Way'd such a coomin'o'ege
an' all an' all [i.e. such rejoicings at the coming of age of the young
squire]. Rut.' Who should come by just then but the Honour-
able and all [though the Hon. A. B. who came up so inopportunely
was unaccompanied]. s.Oxf. She thinks the world an' all o' that
boy, Rosemary Chilterns (1895) 38.
3. Truly, indeed.
Cum. It's that dog of Ritson's. ... I thowt he'd [the dog] give it
back to Watson's yan this time, and, by gocks ! he hes an' aw ; seast
tha Watson's dog goas upo' three? Helvellyn in Cornh. Mag. (Oct.
1890) 392. ne.Yks.' Did you enjoy yourself? — Ah did an' all.
w.Yks. He's a reet un an' all^G.B.W.). s.Chs.'The Tories binna
gotten in, bin they? — They bin, an' aw. Stf.^ Mester innajed, isi'? —
He is, an aa.
4. conJ. Although.
n.Yks. (I.W.) w.Yks. An' all Ah say it misen, ther' isn't abetter lad
livin' ner ahr Johnny (.^.B.) ; The use in the sense of 'although'
is unusual (G.B.W.).
[L And you and all, &^ te qiioquc etiani ; . . . He had
lost his faith and all, Pcrdidissct Jidein quoqiie, Robertson
(1693).]
ANDER, sb. Sh.I.
Sh.I. A porch before a door (W.A.G.). S. & Ork.'
[ON. ond (gen. andar), a porch, lit. the place over
against the door [and-dyn), (Vigfusson).]
ANDERN
L
30
ANEAST
ANDERN, ANDERS, see Undern.
ANDERS, sb. ? Obs. e.Yks.
e.Yks. Drill ice in extended masses broiight up by the tide and
stranded along the beach. The word is said to be in common use
by fishermen and others at Spurn, Lin. N. & Q. (Apr. 1891} 180.
[Not known to our correspondents.]
ANDIERDOGS, sb. pi. l.W. Andirons.
I.W.' Anjur-dogs, kitchen utensils for the spit to run on.
[Foretyni. see Andirons, and cp. An-dogs.]
ANDIRONS, sb. pi. Yks. Lan. Also written end-irons
w.Yks.° [endaianz.]
A pair of movable iron plates to contract the fire-
grate.
n.Yks. Endirons(I.W.). e.Yks. Wiir. £•«>«. (164O 175. w.Yks.s
Lan.i Put them endams in, an id'l nod [it will not] brun so monny
coyls.
[In the dial, the word is understood and pron. as if it
were end-irons, the irons at the ends of the fireplace.
The lit. E. andirons had already been altered in form from
association with the word iron. Andiron, from a chimney,
stistentaaduDi ferreum, Baret. The older form of the
word was andier : I lacke a fyre pan and andyars to here ,
up the fuel, Horman. AFr. andier (Moisy), OFr. andier
(mod. l(indier).]
ANDLE, sb. Dor. [a-ndl.] An anvil, stithy.
Der.^, nw.Der.i [Grose Pcgge Siippl. (,i8i4\]
[Repr. ME. forms of ' anvil' (OE. onfilti), with change
of prefix from an- to and- : They smyte on the stythye
or andvcll, Caxton G. Leg. 358; Golde . . . bitwene ];e
andfelde and f>e hamoure streccej) in to golde foyle,TREvisA
.fitjrM. (N.E.D.) Cp. Sherwood: An andvil, t'o>'<'S, an anvil.]
ANDOGS, sb. pi. Shr. Glo. Som. Dev. [as-ndogz.]
Andirons, the bars which support the ends of logs on a
wood fire, or in which a spit turns.
Shr.' Andogs, 06s. Glo. An dogs, so called from the dogs' heads
with which they were anciently ornamented, Grose (1790) MS.
adc/.(H.) Som.(,F. H.) w.Soin.'[Andogs] are still very commonly
used in farm-houses, and others where wood is burnt. They are
well described in the old-fashioned riddle, 'Head like an apple.
Neck like a swan. Back like a long-dog, And dree legs to Stan.'
In large old-fashioned chimney-places it was usual to have two
pairs of irons. The dogs, which were the most used, were at the
middle of the hearth, and bore the fire always. The andirons
stood on each side, and were only needed when an extra large
fire was wanted. The latter, much larger and heavier, usually had
some ornamental finish, as a brass head, a scroll, or a knob, and in
kitchens the upright part of the iron was furnished with a row of
hooks, one over the other, on the side aw.iy from the fire. On
these hooks rested the great spit on which the meat or poultry was
roasted. Both -andirons' and 'dogs' have now become 'hand-dogs '
(s.v. Hand-dogs). Dev. 'Andugs, HEWfeTT Peas. Sp. (1893) 46.
n.Dev. Grose (1790) il/5. add. (H.)
[Another common name for ' andirons ' was ' fire-dogs '
or ' dogs.' Alt-dug is prob. a contamination of these two
words. Cp. Fr. chenet (der. of chiett, dog), an andiron. See
Andier-dogs.]
ANDOO, V. Sh.I. Also written andow. To keep a
boat stationary by gentle motion of the oars.
Sh.I. {Coll. L.L.B.); vW.A.G.) S.& Ork.' Andoo, to keep a boat
in position by rowing gently against wind or tide.
[ON. and-of, a paddling v^fith the oars, so as to bring
the boat to lie against wind and stream.]
ANDORN, see Undern.
ANDRA, sec Undern.
ANDRAMARTIN, sb. Irel. A silly trick ; nonsense.
Lns. In use all over this district, Dublin included |,P.J.M \
s.Wxf. Oh, musha, Mick, don't be goin' on with your andra-
martins ! McCall ^VhiVih Nights in Shamrock Mag. (1894"! 428;
Don't think your andramartins can be carried out unknownst to
cvcrv one, ib. 453.
ANDREA FERRARA, sb. Obs. Sc. A Highland
broadsword.
Sc. Basket hilts, Andra Ferraras, leather targets, Scott Rnh Roy
(1817) xxiii ; There was risk of Andro Kcrrara coming in thirdsman,
ib. Midlolhiau ( 18 18 1 xxiv. Edb. With a weel-sharpcned. old. High-
land, forty-second Andrew Ferrary, Moir Mansie ll'atirh (tQ^Q) 36.
[The blades are commonly marked Andrea on one
side and Farara or Ferara on the other. The swords
known by this name among the Scotch Highlanders
were basket-hiltcd broadswords. It is asserted by
Italian writers that these were made at Belluno in
Vcnctia by Andrea Ferara and his two brothers (CD.).]
ANDREN. ANDREW, see Undern,
ANDREW, sb. Yks. Suf Ess.
1. St. Andrew's Day, Nov. 30; also attrib. Obs. See
Saint Andrew.
w.Yks. In candles for ye Ringers ringing at ye Income of Andrews
(Tare, i'. Ace. Bradford Frsh. Chwardens (1683). Ess. From April
beginning, till Andrew be past. So long with good huswife, hir
dairic doth last, Tusser Iltisbandrie (1580) 106, sL 19.
2. A clown, mountebank.
Suf. Andrer (F.H.). Ess. Then the Andraas play'd sich tricks,
Clark J. Noakes (1839'! 23 ; Ess.' Andraa.
[2. See Merry-Andrew, j
ANDREW MASS, sb. Sc. Yks. Lin. The festival of
St. Andrew.
Per. The name of Andinness market is still given to a fair held
at this season in Perth (.J*"-) I Andirmas [Anermas] market was
not held last year [1895] "" St. Andrew's Day. All the fairs
were upset by the public auction of cattle at populous centres
(G.\V.\ e.Yks. The best time for frost and snowe is about a week
afore St. Andrewm.isse, Best Riir. Econ. (.1641) 76. w.Yks.'
Andersmas. n.Lin.' Andremas, obs.
[For the servese bouke at Sant Andrames vij', Kirtoit-
in-Lindsey Cli. Ace. 1581 {ap. n.Lin.'j. Andrew + mass.]
ANDRUM, see Undern.
ANDSELL, see Hansel.
ANDURION, sb. Lan. (Ormskirk). Eupaloriiini eanna-
biintin, hemp agrimony.
ANE, see Awn.
ANEAN, prep. Lin. [snia'n.] Beneath.
Lin. My wife a life she leadeth me Like a toad anean a roll,
E. Peacock yo/irt Markcu/jcld {^iSj^) II. 84. n. Lin. Anean th' esh,
M. Peacock Tales and R/iytnes (i886) 74; nXln.' You'll find th'
almanac anean Bible up o'th parlour taable.
[A-, on-{^ nean, ME. necfen, OE. neoian, below.]
ANEAR, adv. and prep. Irel. Nhb. Stf Lin. Lei. Nhp.
War. Wor. Glo. Som. Cor. [3ni3(rj.J
1. adv. Close by, near.
Ir. But anear or afar on the win* comes a flicker of the crathur's
cry. Barlow Z?<)f-/a»i(/( 1893 I 181. Stf.^ Th' doctor nivver come
anear aw that day. Lei.' Anear. not as common as ' anigh.' War.'
Yo' ain't anear when yer wanted. He never came anear all day ;
War.^. Glo.'
2. Nearly.
nLin.' s.Wor. 'E 'an't anear done it (H.K.). .
Hence Anearly, adv. nearly.
n.Lin.'
3. To the point, esp. in phr. What's anear*
Cor.' What's anear, MS. add. ; Cor.^ What's anear! [what has
that to do with the question ?] That's naught anear.
4. prep. Near, close to.
Nhb.' Dinna gan anear the watter. The kettle's boilin' ; dinna
gan anear'd. s.Stf. Do' let him come anear me, Pinsock Dlk. Cy.
Aim. (1895). Lei ' Nhp.' Don't come anear me. War.' Don't
go anear him. s.Wor. I dus'n't come anear "im (H.K.). Som.
Jennings Dial. w.Eng. (^1869). Cor. She is so cross I'm afeard
to go anear her (.M.A.C).
[1. Now seems it far, and now a-near, Scott Last
Minst.w xxxi. 2. The lady shrieks, and well anear Does
fall in travail with her fear, Suaks. Per. iii. Introd. 51.
A- (pre/.^°) + >u-ar.]
ANEARST, prep. Wor. Glo. Oxf. l.W. Som. Dev.
[aniast.] Near, close to.
Wor. Ow con 'ee live ancarst thot 'ooman ! OuTIS yig. Mom.
inWor.Jni. Glo.' Annearst. Oxf.' I.W.' Don't gooaneerst 'cm ;
I.W.' Don't goo annearst the mare, she med lling at ye. Som.
Sweetman U 'iiicaiilon CI. ( 1885). n.De .'. I will not go ancarst him,
Grose (1790 ^''•^- "''''• (H.)
[A- [pref}°) -f nearest.]
ANEAST, prep. Sc. Wor. Glo. Som. Dev. Cor. Also
written anest, aneest, aneist Cor.' [sniast, ania s]
Near, near to.
Ayr., Rxb. The auld wife aniest the fire She died for lack of
snishing. Herd's Collec/ion (1778) II. 16; Ofl I sets for the gray
stone anist the town-cleugh, Ulackzv. Mag. (,Nov. 1820) 201 vJam.).
ANEATH
[56]
ANENT
Wor. I could not get aneist him (W.A.S.). Glo. 'Er never bin
aneist I sinz, Buckman Darke's Sojourn (1890") 120. Som. Aneast
en, near him, Jennings Obs. Dial. iv.Eng. 1,18251 ; An' she right
down aneast the riclts, Raymond Love and Q:iiet Life (1894) 209.
w.Som.' Twaud-n ee% ee niivu'r waud-n unee'us-n [it was not he,
he never was near him]. Used only with vbs. implying motion.
It would never be said ' The house is aneast the road ' : ' handy ' or
' home beside o' ' would in that case be used. In the example
above, * never was near ' implies ' never went near.* Dev. Dest
hire ma? Come aneest me, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 80 ; I won't go
aneest en, Moore Hist. Dev. (1829') I. 353. n.Dev. They'm close
aneest the yeat. Rock Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 47. Cor. I'd not go
anes en to gat the King's crown, J. Trenoodle S/^ec. Dial (1846)
43; Cor.' I caan't bear him to come aneist me; Aneest, some-
times Anest, Anist.
[A- (ptr/.^°i + iiearsf (neares'). superl. o( neni:]
ANEATH, pjvp. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Lan. Der. Brks. [ani-J?,
snia Jj.] Beneath.
Sc. Aneath the auld portcullis, Scott Redg. (1824') xi ; I was
a wean aneath her art, Allan Li/ts (1874) 24 : I sat down aneath
his shadow, Robson Siig. Sol. (i860) ii. 3. Sh I. Aiiaeth da fit o
iron-shod Despair, Burgess /fas<m'e 1 189O 118. Abd. Then sat
she down aneth a birken shade, That spread aboon her, Ross ,
Hclenore (1768) 67, ed. 1812. Frf. Mistress Ogiivy aye lookit on
Chirsty as dirt aneath her feet, Barrie Thrums {i&go) 16. Per.
It wud be a heartsome sicht taesee the Glen a* aneath ae roof aince
a week, Ian Maclares Auld Lang Syne (1895^ 33. Gall. It was
a new sermon o' his granfaither's, daeccnt man, him that lies aneath
the big thruch stane iu the wast corner o' the kirkvaird, Crockett
Stictii Alin. (1893I 102. Bwk. Aneath the soughin hawthorns,
Henderson Pop Rhymes (1856) 83. Nhti.' Where's the maister?
• — He's aneath the steeth. Cum. But I cower aneath their look,
Gilpin Ballads, 3rd S. (1874) 203. ne Lan.' D;r. Drive him
aneath th' tawcst whoke tree, Cushing Voe (_i88S) I. ix. Brks.'
[A-, on 4 iiealh (in beneal/i).]
ANEEND, see On end.
ANEK, see Neck.
ANEMT, see Unempt.
ANENT, prep. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Stf. Der. Lin. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Rdn. Glo. Brks.
Ken. Hmp. Wil. Also written anant w.Wor.' se.Wor.';
anont Glo.' Wil.'; anunt Hrf.'^, Glo.' Wil.' The form
anenst, too, is used in Sc. and all the n. counties of Eng.
to Der., also War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Brks. Ken. Also
written anunst Der.= Shr.'= nrf.== Glo.* ; anainst Chs.*^ ;
anungst Shr.' ; anents Ken.'° ; and by aphaeresis nens
limp.'; 'nenst N.Cy.' w.Yks.', 'nunst Der.* [ane'nt,
ane nst.]
1. Opposite, in front of; in comparison with.
Sc. Set them up on this bit peat Anent the cutchack, Beatties
Parings (1801) 3; The Farmer sits anent the light An' reads a
piece o' Wallace wight, ib. 26; And syne the mare through the
wall anent her set up sic a scraichin, Roy Horseman (1895) 336 ;
Is naething anent them ava — ah na, Allan Lilts (1874) 278. Gall.
The bonny corn that had grown so golden on the braes anent the
isle, Crockeit /?<7irft';-.s (1894) vii. N.Cy.l Nhb. Till nenst aa'd
Lizzy Moody's, Monthly Chron. n.Cy. Lore (1887) 377; Nhb.',
Dur.* Cum. 'Anenst' is more common than 'anent' (M.P.).
Wm. & Cum.' Anenst it, about a styan throw aff, 128. Wm.
Ameeast anenst Parliament Hooses thccar was a girt whappan
kirk. Clarke Sfiec. Dial. (1868) Jonny Shippard. s.Wm. Annent
aur Hause Dur, Hutton Dia. Stoiih and Arnsidc [ 1760) 1. 34. Yks.
But when he comes anent her Shoo gies him sich a smile, Garl.
(1873) 12. n.Yks.' Set your name in this spot, anenst his [over
against his]; n.Yks.^, m.Yks.' w.YkE. Grose (1790)^/5. arfrf. iC.) ;
If thcar happaiis ta be a vacant seat anent yo, doant put yer mucky
feet up on ta it, Tom Treddlehoyie Bairitsla Ann. (1861) 7;
An umberella cummin wi t'point fair anent yo — is a thing ta mind,
tb. (18731 52 : Maks ya feel as small as thieves Anent a magistrate,
PRESTONA^artcW)! A'(7Hi i872)st. 5; Does ta think tha could domeabit
[ofmeat] anent th' fire. Hartley Clock Aim. (1872); Anens t'church,
Lucas Stud. Niddcrdale (c. 1882) ; w.Yks.' I prisently spies him i"
ouerh.iy claas, ont'heeadland. anent waw, ii. 295. Lan. Rect anent,
Waugh 5»;.g's. (1866) 36, ed. 1871 ; In t'woidanenst t'house, Barber
Fomess Fit. (1870) 30 ; Reet oreanenst 011inorth,S«/" Sondhwckcr,
3. Lan.' We stopt anenst th' yate. Chs.' = 3 s.stf. He had it all
there anunst him bodily, Murray TJnmiozt/ GoW(i886; 80: A house
right anunst the Bull's Head, Pinnock l^lk. Cv. Ann. (iSos). Stf.'
Der. Grose 1^1790); Der.*, nw.Der.' nXin.' I was anent to him.
War. (J.R.W.), s.War.' Wor. Gkose (1790); I lightened ov
'im anonst 'is 'ovel, OuTis Vig. Man. in IVor. Jrn. w.Wor.' Thaay
lives right anenst we. se.Wor.' Put them there faggits down
anant the door. s.Wor.' Shr. Suddenly the horses stopped short,
right anunst the witch's house, Burne FlkLore (18831 152 ; Shr.'
If yo'n follow the rack alung that green leazow, yo'n see a stile right
anunst yo'. Hrf. Hur svi^ore as hursid him . . , down in th' ditch ov
the road anunt his oawn door. Why John [Coll. L.L.B.): Maister,
be I ur gwoy-in ter orrer th' pens anunt th' voller vild ! y^Coll.
L. L.B.); Hrf.2 I took a front seat [in church^ right up anunst the
turkey [i.e. the brass eagle lectern]. Glo. Enunty. over against,
over anent, directly opposite, Grose (1790) MS odd. |M. ' ; ' Huw
far off?' I asked. ' Whv, here, just close anent 'ec, Buckman
Darke's Sojourn (1890) xviii ; Glo.'*, Ker..' *, Hmp.', WU.'
2. Against, near, in proximity to.
Sc. Fodder thy lammies anent the shepherd's shiellns [tents],
Robson S;/,^'. So/, (i860) i. 8. Ir. Butshure you can stop anent the
town at the blacksmith's an' have it set right, McNulty Misther
O'Ryan (1894) iv. n.Yks. Yan o' t'lads gat hisscl' croppen oop
close anenstlathe-deear.ATKiNSONMoo?/. Parish\i8gi) 55; n.Yks.';
n.Yks.* I sat close anenst 'em. ne.Yks.', e.Yks.' m.Yl s.'
Anenst, against. w.Yks. I sat me down anent him, Bronte Agnes
Grey (,1847) xi ; A passenger at sat anent ma, Tom Trfddlehoyle
Manch. E.rhibilion (1857); Awst throw me daan anent her feet,
Hartley P//(/(/i'»' (1876) 63 ; Aw dooant envy th' Queen on her
throoan when awm sittin anent thee, ib. Sects (18951 ii ; w.Yks.^
That tree anent t'church. He's cloise anent him. ne.Lan.' War.
He run right anunt the wall ( J.B.) ; War.^ Stand anent the hedge.
In common use near Stratford on-A von. w.Wor. Helives,sur, anant
the church, S. Beauchamp Grantlcy Grange (,18741 I. 31 ; w.Wor.'
Put down them faggits anant the dcor. s.Wor. Ananst, Anunst,
against (H K.). Hrf.'*. Glo. Where did you leave cider and tot ? —
Anont thick ash tree (J.D.R.) ; Glo.'
3. Side by side with, in a hne with.
Sc. Trail'd by horses at a slow jog trot Scarce fit to haud anent
an auld wife on herfoot,ANDERSONFofms(i8i3) 71 (Jam.V w.Yks.^
A cricket-ball in a line with the wicket is anent it ; w.Yiis.^ Soldiers
abreast are ' anenst ' each other, or 't'oan anenst t'other,' as it would
be expressed. Rdn.Anent.alongside of, Morgan rKrfs.(i88i). Glo.'
4. About, concerning, with regard to.
Sc. Summonsed all the neighbouring princes to a conference,
anent the injury done by Paris, Scotic. (1787) 116; Grose (1790)
MS. add. (C.) ; To see what can be done anent your afl'airs,
ScoTT Rob Roy (1817) xxii ; To raise scandal anent them, ib. Mid-
lothian (1818) ii ; Touching that round monticle . . . anent whilk I
have heard, ib. Leg. Mont. (1830) ii. Gall. The black dog was
sitting heavy on him at the thought of the fine anent harbourers of
rebels, Crockett Moss Hags 1 1895) 84. N.Cy.^* Yks. Anenst
(K.). n.Yks.* What say you anent it. w.Yks. Lucas S//(r/. A'lrfrft-;--
dale (c. 1882) 229. Ch?.' ; Chs.^ I know nought anent him.
5. Towards, by way of contribution to.
N.Cy.' The cash was paid nenst her year's rent. n.Yks. I'll give
you something anenst that [to help you to buy it] (I.W.) ; n.Yks.*
I gav a pund anent it [the subscription].
6. In competition with.
Sc. Could modern heads, wi' philosophic wit, Wi' argument
anent an auld wife sit, Anderson Poems'iSi^) 73 (Jam.). w.Yks. If
tha drinks, I'll drink anent tha (S.K.C); w.Yks.* A lass dresses
anent a lady in trj'ing to rival her.
7. In turn with.
e Lan.' If Jack works at a machine in the forenoon and Jim
works at the same machine in the afternoon. Jack and Jim are
said to work anenst each other. s.Stf. The mon what works
anunst me [i. e. the man who does at night the same work which
the speaker does in the day-time, or vice versa^, Pinnock Blk. Cy.
Ann- '1895).
8. With.
w.Yks. We'll tak'a sack anent us, Gr.mnge Niddcrdale (1863)225,
9. By such a time.
Lan. Thornber Hist. Ace. Blackpool (1837^ 106.
10. Nearly, thereabouts ; also used as adv. as in phr.
anenst about the matte)'.
Glo. They use ' anent ' in place of ' or more,' meaning ' nearly,
close upon,' Ellis Pronunc. (1889) V. 65. Brks. When they
would say 'nearly' or 'thereabouts,' they say 'anenst about the
matter,' Nichols /M/. Tb/og-. Sr/A (1783 IV. 56, ed, 1790. Hmp.
Nens as he was. Pretty nens one [pretty much the same], N. &^ Q.
(1854) ist S. X. 120 ; Hmp.' [Anenst the matter ( K.V]
[1. A brothir with brothir stryveth in dame, and tliat
ancntis unfeithful men, Wyclif (1382) i Cor. vi. 6.
ANERLY
[57]
ANGISH
2. Anent. jii.xfa, Coles ^1679) ; Gawlistoun That is rvcht
evyn nnent Lovvdoun, Barbour Bruce, viii. 124. 3. Him
on efn ligeS ealdorgewinna, Beowulf, 2903. 4. Ancnt
(concerning), De, Coles (1679) ; Anentis men this thing
is impossible ; but anentis God alle thingis ben possible,
Wyclif (1388) Malt. xix. 26. OE. on efen [efii, emu),
on even (ground) with, whence, side by side with, oppo-
site, in view of.]
ANERLY, adv. and adj. Sc. Yks. Also written yan-
nerly n.Yks.* ne.Yks.' m.Yks.' [a'narli, ya'narli.]
1. adv. Alone, lonely, solitary.
Sc. Ancrly, Anyrly (Jam.). n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.' He left her all
yannerly at home. Whya ! yoor maistthei's gcean doon ti
Whidby ; you'll be quite yannerly.
2. Comp. AU-anerly, quite alone.
Sc. The next time that ye bring ony body here, let them be
gentles allenarly, Scott Bnde of Lam. (1830) xxvi.
3. adj. Fond of retirement, shy.
Sc. (Jam.). n.Yks.* Annerly ways, unsocial liabits. m.Yks.'
Yannerly, unyielding, rudely retiring, or unsocial in manners.
4. Selfish, absorbed in one's own interests.
n.Yks.2 A yannerly soort of a body. m.Yks.'
[1. Thai said that he . . . duelt . . . With a clerk with
liim anerly, Barcour Bruce, w. 58; Thai . . . That saw
him stand thair anerly, ib. vl 132. Aiier/v, dcr. of Sc. aiie,
one, OE. aii(e); the -eris prob. due to conipar. formations ;
cp. formerly, latlcrly.]
ANERY, Sc. A term occurring in a rhyme of children,
used for deciding the right of beginning a game. Several
versions are still current.
Per. A version of this rhyme ' Anery, twarie,' is quite familiar
(G.W.). Lth. Anery, twaery, tickery, seven, Aliby, crackiby,
ten or eleven ; Pin-pan, muskidan, Tweedlum, twodlum, twenty-
one, Blackw. Mag. (Aug. 1821) 36.
ANES. see Even.
ANEW, prep, and adv. Obs.i Sc. (Jam.) Below,
beneath.
Abd. [Not known to our correspondents.]
ANEWST, pref. and adv. Hrf Glo. Oxf. Brks. Ken.
Sus. Hnip. I.\V. Dor. Wil. Som. Also by aphaeresis newst
Glo. Wil.^ ; neust Brks. I.W.' Wil.' ; neoust, noust Wil.'
Also written anoust Glo. Wil.' ; annaust Glo. ; enewst
Glo.'; aneoust Hrl".' Glo. Brks.' Wil.' Som.; aneust
Glo.' Brks. Hmp.' I.W.' Wil.'; newse (K.). [aniu's,
sniu'st.] See below.
1. prep. Of place: near, hard by, over against.
Hrf.' Aneaoust. Biks.' 1 zin 'in aneoust the chake pit [saw him
near the chalk pit]. Keu.', Sus.^, Sus. & w.Cy. Rav (1691).
Som. Dwon't ye come anuost yer zister ta vcssy vvi' er, Jennings
Vial. tu.Eiig. (18691 '43-
2. Nearly, approximating to, almost.
Glo. Anaust a handful or spoonful, Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.)
3. adv. Of manner or degree : nearly, approximately,
about.
Hrf.' Neaous. Glo.' Near anoust. Oxf. Neaust, Nevvsc, Ancus.
There or there aneus (K.). Brks. Gkose viTgo) ; Brks.', Ken.^
Sus. Ray (1691) ; Sus.'^ Hmp. Anybody med newst so well be
made love to by a owl, Ma.xwell Guav Heart 0/ Storm (1891) I.
192 ; Hmp.' I.W. Tell me ancuse the time of the day, Moncrieff
Dieam in Gent. Mag. (1863") 1. 32 ; I.W.' Neuce the scyam ; I.W.*
She do goo on . . . jest as if she w,-is missus. D'ye think the wold
man's married to her? — 1 dunno, but I louz 'Ics anevvse the saame.
Dor.' Anewst the seame. Wil.' What is it a clock ? — A newst one.
Which of the two is oldest ? — They are newst of an age. Which
of those things arc best ? — They are anewst alike. Som.SwtLiUAN
Wiiicanton 67. (1885).
4. Rcscm!)ling, like.
Glo. 'Ec's a bit aneist 'is fcyther (S.S.B."I ; GI0.2
5. In \>\\T. aiieivst of aiieii'stiiess,^ m\ich of a muchness,'
nearly alike ; aiien'<il the matter, nearly right ; near anewst.
Glo. Grose U79o) Sup/yt. MS. add. (P.) ; Glo.' Brks. ' Neust of
a ncustncss,' an expression very current, Ray Piov. (1678) 225,
ed. i860. Wil. Britton Beauties (1825); Wil.' Which of these
things are best ? — I hey are a newst of a newstncss. Oxf. Neaust
the matter (K.) ; (M.W.) I.W.' Neuce the m.itter : I.W.* Anewse
the matter. Glo. Near a neawst, near ye matter, Ray (1691) MS.
add. (J.C.) 108.
[1. Arente, aneust, very neere unto, Florio (1611);
vol. 1.
Wses ¥Kr on neaweste hiJs, Beda, v. 14. 2. Anewst
almost. Coles (1677). A newst = A -, on + nni'st; OF., nea/i-
wist, nearness, neighbourhood ; cp. ON. na-vist, presence,
OIIG. ml/i-ivi.^t.]
ANG, sb. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. [aij, er).] The
beard of barley or wheat.
n.Cy. Grose V 1790) ; Holi.oway ; N Cy.', Nhb.' Cnm. Morton
Cyclo. Agric. (1863); Cum.* Wm. Ferguson Noillimen 1,1856)
169 ; Wm.' T'barlcy angs sticks tew mah. w.Yks. HurroN Tour
to Caves (1781). Lan.', ne.Lan.'
[This form is prob. ofScand. origin, o;;^ representing an
older (?"'«, by mctath. oi g ; cp. Sw. agn, ON. Ogn, an awn.]
ANG, see Ampery.
AAGALUCK, si. Sh.I. An accident, a disaster.
Sh.I. Angaluck (Jam. Siififl.). S.&Ork.'
[Cp. Du. ongeliik, misfortune.]
ANGEL, in comp. and comb, (i) Angel-fish, a fish of the
shark family; (2) -maine, see Angel-fish; (3) Angels'
eyes, the plant germander speedwell ; (4) -shark, see
Angel-fish ; (5) Angel's pincushion, a plant, the Devil's
Bit, Scabiosa siiccisa ; (6) -swaine, see Angel-fish.
(i) Cor.* By Artedi called the Mermaid-fish, il/S. (?(/(/. [Angel-fish,
-maine, -shark, -swaine, Sqitntitta aix^c/irsiSATCHELL').] (2 Cor.' *
Angelmaine, the Monk ^\h\\,Srpiatina aiigeliis. (3) Dev. 1'he sweet
germander speedwell, . . . here, most poetically, named by the
peasantry Angels' eyes, Gosse Dartmooi in Illicit. Obs. (1863) 318
(N.E.D.); Around her hat a wreath was twined Of blossoms
blue as southern skies; 1 asked their name, and she replied. We
call them Angels' Eyes, Garden (June 29, 1872); Angels' eyes,
Veionica cliaiiioediys. (5) Dor. Angel's pincushion, the Devil's Bit
scabious (G.E.D.).
[An angel-fish (scale), Sqtiatina, Coles (1679).]
ANGER, si. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. [a'r)3(r).]
1. Inilammation.
Cum. & Wm. That finger 'ill geddcr, j-e'll see. Ther's a deal o'
ang-er and heat aboot it (M.P.). n.Yks.* My leg's full o' anger.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Siippl. (.May i6, 1891). n.Lan. (W.H.H.)
2. Rashness.
n.Yks.* They should hae had mair wit i' their anger.
[1. Rawness and anger (in that dialect, wherein we call
a sore angry), Hammond (1659) On Ps. Iviii. 9(N.E.D.);
I made the experiment, setting the moxa where the first
violence of my pain began, and where the greatest anger
and soreness still continued, notwithstanding the swelling
of my foot, Temple Misc. (Johnson).]
ANGER, V. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Dev.
1. To vex, irritate, make angry.
Sc. I couldna but laugh, though it sore angered my mother to
see me do't, Wiiiteiiead DafI Davie (1876) 139. Wxf.' Angerth,
angered, angry. Nhb. Me muthor's bairns gatangortat us, Robson
Siig. Sol. (i860) i. 6; Nhb.' n.Yks. Mah mother's bairns were
angered at mah. Rouenson IVIiilliy Siig. Sol. (i860) i. 6. w.Yks.*
Dev. Tain't safe to anger she, O'Neill Idyls (1892) 23.
2. To inilame, irritate (of a wound).
n.Yks.' Hoo's Willy's leg t'morn ? — Whyah, it's nae better. It's
desput sair and angcrd ; n.Yks.* Lan.' Yon lad's fool gets no
betther; he's bin walkin' this mornin', an his stockin' inun 'a
angcrt it. m.Lan.' When yo're towd nod to anger a score place.
[1. 'Twould have anger'd any heart alive To hear the
men deny't, Shaks. Alacbcth, iii. vi. 15; Beware liowc
you anger hym, garder I'oiis de te corroucer, Palsgr.
2. Itch most hurts'when anger'd to a sore, Poi'e Donne
Sat. IV. 119. ON. angra, to grieve, vex.]
ANGER-BERRY, see Angle-berry.
ANGERIE.si. Sh.I. (Jam. 6;///>/.) A crowd, multitude.
ANGERLY, adf. n.Yks. [a ijali.] Fierce, raging.
n.Yks.*
[The word is very rare in E. as an adj. Byron so uses
it : (lie) was angerly, but tried to conceal it, Moore Life
(N.E.D.). ^Iiis^cr. hb. -i -ly. Cp. ON. angr/igr, sad.]
ANGISH, sh. and adj. Irel.
1. Poverty.
Wxf Lim. I have heard this word used in the sense of poverty,
wretchedness, misery, by the very common people. Seldom used at
al^P.W.J.).
2. adj. Poverty-stricken.
Ir. The poor man is angish enough (J.F.M.F.).
I
ANGLE
[58]
ANGRY
Hence Angishore, a poverty-stricken creature.
s.Ir. 'Angishore' was and is in verj' common use ; a miserable
creature in poverty and wretchedness, almost exactly equivalent
to what we mean by our epithet, ' a poor devil ' (P.W. J.). s.Wxf.
Give the poor angashore a chance, Humour of Irel. (1894) 391.
3. Sicklj', unhealthy.
Ir. A delicate, pale, miserable-looking child would be called 'an
angish creather' (J.F.M.F.). Wxf. Angish, very poorly (J.S.V
[This word is due to a Gael, use and pronunc. of lit.
E. anguish in the s. of \re\.--aing!S.]
ANGLE, sb} Yks. Der. [aql.]
1. A small hook.
m.Yks.i A small hook, as a fishing-hook.
2. Coinp. Angle-rod [obs.), a fishing-rod.
Der.i
[1. Go to the see and cast in thyne angle, Tindale
Matt. xvii. 27 ; Gang to ¥£ere sk and wurp ^inne angel
ut, OE. vers, (ib.) OE. aiigul, cp. ON. ougull, a fishing-
hook. 2. He makes a May- fly to a miracle; and furnishes
the whole country with angle-rods, Addison Sped. No.
108 ; An angle-rod, Pertica Piscatoria, Coles (1679) ;
Before you undertake your tryal of skil by the angle-
rod, Walton Angler (1653) 170.]
ANGLE, sb.^ Som. Dev. [se'ql.] A worm used in
fishing, an earthworm.
w.Som.i U buunch u ang-lz wai wiisturd driie um-z dhu bas bauyt
vur ee ulz [a bunch of worms with worsted through them is the
best bait for eels\ You be bound vor to gic em [larks and thrushes]
a angle now and then, Dev. ' Fishing with an angle ' is by more
people understood to be fishing with a worm than what it really
is— fishing with a hook. Reports Proviuc. (,1889), s.Dev. (F,W.C.)
[Prob. for Angle-twitch, q,v.]
ANGLE, 5Z).^ e. Yks. n, Lin. A name given to the holes
or runs of vermin, such as badgers, field-mice, &c.
e.Yks. Marshall Rur. Ecoii. 11796), n,Lin.' Angles, artificial
burrows used for capturing rabbits in warrens,
ANGLE, I/. Som. [as'ql,] To loiter or ' hang' about a
place with some design ; to intrigue. Also used as sb.
•w.Som.' Waud-ur kauni angleen baewt yuur vaur ? [what does
he come loitering about here for ?] — Aay au'vees kunsiid urd eens
ee wuz angleen aa'dr Mus Jee'un [I always thought he was
angling after Miss Jane], Aay kaa'n ubae'ur-n, uz au'vees pun dhu
ang-1 [I cannot endure him, he is always upon the angle, i, e.
intriguing],
[She knew her distance, and did angle for me. Madding
my eagerness. Shake. All's IVell, v. iii. 212. Fig. use of
angle, vb., to fish with a hook, to use an angle (see
Angle. 56,' 1,]
ANGLE-BERRY, sb} Sc. n.Irel. Nhb. Cum, Yks. Lan,
Glo. Also written annle-, see below, [a'rjl-bsri.] The
same as Anbury, L
So. A fleshy excrescence resembling a very large hautboy straw-
berry,growing on the feet of sheep, cattle, &c. (Jam.). N.1.' Angle-
berries, large hanging warts on a horse, sometimes about its mouth.
Nhb.' Anger-berry, or Angle-berry, a warty excrescence growing
on the umbilicus, or scrotum, or teats of an animal. These are
highly vascular and easily hurt, Cum.^ Yks. Before the angle-
berries or warts grow strong, you ma3' pull them up, Knowlson
Cattle Doctor (1834 i ^8. w.Yks.' Nannie-berries, ne.Lan.' Angle-
berry, a sore under the hoof of an animal. e.Lan.' Handle berry.
Glo.' [Angle-berry, a sore or imposthumation under the claw of a
beast (K,).]
[Prob. for an earlier *ang-berry; OK.ang-, pain, anguish
(as in angsela, carbuncle) -fien^'. For berry used in this
sense, cp. strawberry as applied to a birth-mark, and the
use of It. iiioro for a mulberry-tree and a wart on horses
(Florio), See Anbury,]
ANGLE-BERRY, s6,= n,Cy. Lathyrtts pratensis.
n.Cy, Angle berry, the common wild vetchling, from the angles
of its pods. Poetry Prov. in Cornli. Mag. (.18651 XII. 34 ; N.Cy.i
Nhb.' Among old people angle-berry is the name of a vetch ; prob-
ably because it angles or catches hold and clings to plants or
shrubs stronger and taller than itself.
[Ani;lc {Ft. antile) + berry.]
ANGLE-BOW, sb. Glo. Som. Dev. A running knot,
a snare with a spring noose, a gin for birds or fish.
Glo. Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.) w.Som.' Angle-bow, a running
noose, a slip knot, especially a wire on a long stick for catching
fish ; also a springle for catching birds. The poacher's wire is
always an angle-bow, Dev, Applied to any running noose (F,W,C.).
{Angle (Ft. angle) + bow fa single-looped knot).]
ANGLE-BOWING, vbl. sb. Som. Dev.
1. Poaching for fish by means of an angle-bow.
Dev. (F.W.C.)
2. A method of fencing the enclosures where sheep are
kept, by placing bent sticks into the ground ; also the act
of fencing in this manner.
w.Som.' n.Dev. Chell tell vauther o't zo zoon es ha coraath hum
vrom angle-bowing, don't quesson't, E.xm. Scold. (1746) 1. 212 ;
Grose (.179°) ^S. add. (H.) Dev.'
[1. Vbl. sb. of angle-bow, q.v., used as a vb. 2. Vbl.
sb. of an^le-bow, vb., deriv. of Angle (Fr. angle) + bow (the
weapon for shooting arrows).]
ANGLE-DOG, sb. Dev. The earthworm.
Dev. At Culmstock a farmer, speaking of loose straw on pasture,
said, ' You'd be surprise how zoon th' angle- dogs'U draw it down,'
Refoi-ts Provinc. (1889),
ANGLE-EARED, adj. Dev. Mischievous.
s.Dev. Angle-yeared ^used of children) ; orig, ' with outstanding
(pointedj cars,' such as Puck is represented with. Angle-yeared ?
— that's when boys be artful. You angle-eared young toad !
(F.-W.C)
[Ano'le (Fr. angle) + eared]
ANGLE-TWITCH, sb. Gmg. Pern, Dev, Cor. Also
written angle-titch nw.Dev.*; angle-ditch Cor. '^ ; -touch
Wei. [3e-i)ltwit;.]
1. The earthworm.
Gmg., Pem. Collins Gowcr Dial. Trans. Pliil. Soc. (1850'; IV. 222.
Dev. Reports Proi>mc. (1895.) n.Dev. Jim, go and zarch vor angle-
twitches. Rock yi/HOM'A'e// (1867) 35, Dev.' You drumble-drone-
dunder-headed-slinpole, . . . I'd twack thee till I made thee twine
like an angletwdtch ; Dev.^, nw.Dev.' Cor. Grose (1790) MS. add.
(C ) ; The king's highway ought not to be twisting and turning
like an angle-twitch, Hunt Pop. Rom. w.E>ig. 1,1865^ 33 ; Far as
I cu'd see you've done naught but fidget like an angletwitch, • Q.'
Three Ships (.1890) vii ; Turnin' an' twestin' like a' angle-twitch,
Pearce Esther Pentreath (1891^ bk, i. iv ; But aw twingled like an
angle-dutch, Thomas Raiidigal Rhymes {,1895) 24; Cor.' Wrig-
gling like an angle-twitch ; Cor.2
2. A slow-worm.
Dev.3
3. In phr. to have an angle-twitch in the bonnet, to be not
quite sane.
Dev. Eh, daddy says t'ers an angle-twitch till her rewdon,
Madox-Brown Duale Bluth (18761 bk. iv. ii.
[See Nares (s.v. Angel-touche) ; His baites are Tag-
wormes, which the Cornish-English term 'Angle touches,'
Carew Cornwall (1602 1 26. ME. Greyte wormes )>at
are called angel twjxches, MS. in Prompt. 279. OE.
angel-t'wicce.]
ANG-NAIL or ANGER-NAIL, see Agnail.
ANGOLA, sb. w.Yks. Cotton and fine wool mixed
in the fibre, spun in the same waj' as wool, the feel of
wool thus being obtained, while the cotton prevents
shrinkage by washing or perspiration (J,F.).
Hence Angolas. A term used in the rag trade for
underclothing made from cotton and wool, but chiefly
cotton iM.F.j.
ANGRY, adj. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf Der. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Oxf Hnt. Cmb. e.An.
Sus. Hmp. Som. [a'ljri, a'ggri, ae'rjri.] Inflamed, red.
Used with reference to a wound or sore.
Nhb.' Me fingr's beeldin' aa's flaid — it leuks se angry. Dur.',
Cum.'2, Wm.', n.Yks.', ne.Yks.' w.Yks. J. T.) ; w.Yks.s, Lan.',
m.Lan.' Chs.' That thumb o' hisn's looks main angry. s.Chs.'
Stf.^ That bad pl^s on thoi 'and liuks very angry\ nw.Der.' Lin.
Streatfield Zp;. fl/irf />t7;;cs 1.1884) 315, n,Lin.', Lei.' Nhp.' It's
a bad wound ; it looks so very angry. War.'' Rub a little ointment
on that sore, it has an angry look ; War.^ ne.Wor. A wound or
sore place ' looks very angrj' ' (J. W.P.I. Oxf.' .1/S. add. Hnt.
(T.P.F.) Cmb.' That there cut on your finger's rare and angry —
you'd better put a hutkin on. e.An.' Mj' kibe is very angry to-night
Nrf., SuT., Sus., Hmp. A person, when angry, generally looks red ;
so does the inflamed part of the body, Holloway. w.Som.' He
was getting on very well till s'mornin, but now the leg looks
angry.
ANGUISH
[59]
ANKSOME
[This serum . . . grows red and angry, Wiseman St(rjocty
(Johnson) ; I have rubb'd this young quat almost to the
sense, And he grows angry, Shaks. Uth.v. i. 12; Pedigiwni,
angrie l<ibes, chilblanes, Florid (1611).]
ANGUISH, sb. Sur. limp. Cor. [ae rjwij.]
1. Inflammation.
Sur. It's nice and cooling is that Elder ointment I made ; it keeps
off the anguish, N. & Q. (18801 6th S. i. 238. Hmp.' Of horses
it is said, ' If we foment it, it'll take the anguish out of it,' Cor.^
There is a deal of anguish in my finger. That is the anguish
coming out [said of water running from an inflamed eye].
2. Pain felt at a distance from the actual wound or seat
of disease, commonly known as ' sympathy.'
Cor.3 My hand is swelled and I've got a swelling too in my arm-
pit, hut that is from the anguish of it. The pain that arises in one
tooth from sympathy with another corresponding one in decay is
called anguish.
[OFr.n;(^j5'o/s5f,anguish, agony of mind or body (Cotgr.).]
ANGUISHED, ppl. adj. Lin. Pained, troubled.
n.Lin.l I was straangely ang\iished in my joints all thrif Thomas
th' wizzard.
[My soule was angwishid in me, Wyclif (1382) Jon.
ii. 8. Anguished, pp. of anguish, vb. I anguysshe, Je
(tngoysse\ This wounde anguyssheth me, cesle playe »ie
aiigovsse, Palsgr.]
ANGUISHOUS, rtf^: Lan. Chs. [a'qwijas.] (i) Pain-
ful, causing pain. (2I Sorrowful, oppressed with pain.
(i) Chs.' i,a) Lan.' He lookt quite anguishous, an aw felt sorry
for him.
[ill Ful anguisshous than is, god woot, quod she,
Condicioun of veyn prosperitec, Chaucer Ti: ij^ Cr. in.
816. 12) For I was al aloon, y-wis, Ful wo and ancjuissous
of this, Chaucer R. Rose, 520. OFr. aiigiiissiis, Fr. cingois-
srii.v (P.\lsgr. 305).]
ANIE, .sA. Sc. A small one.
Abd. Gie's a bonny anie. It's but a wee little anie (G.W.").
Knr. Anie, a little one (Jam.). Edb. A mother speaking of the
youngest of her children sajs ' The wee ane ' or ' The wee anie.'
What bowl [ofporridge] will ye tak, Jamie? — The wee anie (J. W.M.).
[Dim. of ane, n. dial, form of lit. E. one. Ane + -y.]
ANIGH. adv. and pirf>. Stf Lei. Nhp. War. Won Shr.
Glo. Oxf Brks. Sur. Sus. Hmp. I.W. Som. Aus. [anr,
anai' ; Lei. anoi'.]
1. adv. Near.
Lei.' Oi'll gic ye a clout if yo coom anoigh. War.' ^ Shr.'
The doctor never come anigh. Glo.'. Sus.'
2. prep. Near to, near ; gen. with vb. of motion.
s.Stf. Do' let him come anigh me, Pinxock Dlk. Cv. Ann. (1895).
Stf.2 Ei nivor kum anoi mi for a wik. Nlip.' He lives anigh
me. s.War.' Don't ye go anigh him. se.Wor.' Don't you get
anigh them osses. Oxf.', Brks.' Sur.' And for all that I was
bad so long he never come a-nigh me. Hmp.', I.W.' w.Som.'
Used with vbs. implying motion only. Dhur acwz liz nuy dhu
roa'ud, biid a.iy nuvur diidn goo unuyum [their house is near the
road, but I never went near them]. [Aus.. N.S.W. We mustered
the cattle quite comfortably, nobody coming anext or anigh us
any more than if we'd taken the thing by contract, Boldrewood
Rohbi-n (i888^ I. xi.]
[.■i-iprep°) + uiiili.'\
ANIGHST, prep, and adv. Dcr. Wor. Ilrf Glo. Oxf
Brks. Sus. Hmp. Wil. Dor. Cor. Also written anist
Den* nw.Der.' Cor." ; anyst Cor.* [anaist, ani'st.]
1. prep. Near, near to ; got. used with v. of motion.
Der.*, nw.Der.' Wor. I 'ootln't live anighst her wotcver, OuTis
Vig. Mott. in Wor. Jni. s.Wor.' Hrf.' They never come anighst
me. Glo. I never cud get anist un iS..S.B.); Master Michael . . .
oodn't let un come anighst the house, Gissing ViH. Hampden
(1890) II. v; Glo.' Oxf.' A said 'twas I as 'ut 'im, an' I never
went nooer anighst'n. Brks. Blessee, child, doantee go anigst it,
lluGiiF.s T. Brown (1856) 37; Now thou'rt like to get Ih' lotment
tliou'lt not go anj'st 'un, ib. T. Brown O.xf. (1861) xix ;
Brks.' Best not come anighst that ther boss, med be he'll kick 'e.
e.Sus. HoLLOWAV. Hmp.' Wil. The miller zeed it ael, but
couldn't come anighst un, Akerman Spring-tide (1850) 48 ; Wil.'
Nobody's bin anighst us since you come ; Wil.* Dor.' Don't goo
aniste en. Cor. Don't you come anist my door agen for a bra'
spur, Forfar Wizard {^i&-j\\ 54 ; They durstn't ha' gone anighst
a shop, Parr Adam and Eve (i88o) I. 276. w.Cor. So take and
go the west [way] home and dos'en aw come anist me, Thomas
Randigat Rhymes ,1895 7. Cor.* Don't go anist him, MS. add.
2. adv. Nearly, almost.
Dor. You've .said anighst all. Hardy Tbarr (1882) 327, ed. 1895.
\A- (pref.^") + Highest, superl. of nigh.]
ANIGHT(S, adv. Wan Won Som. [anai-t] At night,
of a night.
War., Wor. I can't sleep anights 'H.K.). s.Wor.' w.Som.* You
can't never do it by day, but you can zometimes anight.
[Bid him take that for coming a-night, Shaks. As You,
II. iv. 48 ; Though I him wrye a-night and make him
warm. Chaucer C. T. n. 1827. A-, on + night.]
ANIND, see Onhind.
ANISE, sb. A plant-name applied to (i) Alyssum
niariliiuiim (Dev.) ; (2) Koniga niaritima (Dev.) ; (3)
Myrrliis odorata (Dun).
Dev.'' Anise, the same as Sweet Alice.
[Dial, uses of rt/HA-f? (Pintpinella atiisunt), Fr. anis, Lat.
aiiisnni. On aiiTaoi/.]
ANK, V. Lan. To be of opinion, to assert em-
phatically.
Lan. ' Con aw ? ' cried Jimmy ; ' aw ank a con,' Standing Echoes
(1885) 24. e.Lan. In common use among the natives of the Tod-
morden valley, and in Burnley (F.E.B.V
[Etym. obscure. Perh. the same word as hank (to
fasten), q.v.]
ANKER, sb. Sc. Nhb. Con [a'gkar, ae-r)ka(r).]
L A liquid measure : ten imperial gallons.
Sc. I had whiles tvva bits o' anjvcrs o' brandy, Scott Rob Roy
(1817) xviii ; Anker, a liquid measure formerly in use in all districts
that traded with the Dutch (Jam. Siippl.). S. & Ork.' Danish
anker, 38 Danish quarts, 10 imperial gallons. Nhb. About ten
ankers of gin, Richardson Borderers Table-bk. (1846} VII. 175.
2. A small cask adapted for carrj'ing, and containing
about four gallons.
Sc. Tun, anker, and c.ig, Drummond Muchoniachy (1846^ 66.
s. & w.Sc. A small barrel used by smugglers for carrj'ing their
brandy' on horseback, &c. ; also the small barrel open at one end
used for holding the oatmeal in daily use. Still so used in se-
cluded districts of the s. and w. of Scotland, and is a big or a wee,
a muckle or a little anker, according to its size or capacity (Jam.
Stip/>/.). Frf. Some bring, in many an anker hooped strong. From
Fhisliing's port, the palate-biting gin, Tennant Ansler (i8ia) viii.
Cor. We'll drink it out of the anker, my boys, Dixon Sngs. Eng.
Pros. I 1846" 160, ed. 1857 ; Cor.' ; Cor.* ' Free-traders' Imported
their ' moonshine ' in such ankers when the nights were dark.
3. A dry measure.
S.& Oik.' An anker of potatoes, one-third of a barrel. Or. &SI1.I.
A dr\- measure similar to the firlot, for measuring potatoes (Jam.
Suppl.).
[1. Anker, a liquid measure chiefly used at Amsterdam.
It is the fourth part of the awm, and contains two stckans :
each stekan consists of sixteen mengles ; the mengle
being equal to two Paris pints, Chambers Cycl. (1788); .
A fevs' anchors of right Nantz, Smollett Per. Pick. (1751)
I. ii. 10.— Du. anker, a measure of wine, the fourth part
of an awm (aani) ; also a cask holding the above quantity;
the word is also used in the fish-trade ( De Vries). G. and
Dan. anker, Sw. ankare (Serenius) ; MLat. anceria (OFr.
ancere) ; see Ducange.]
ANKERLY, adv. ? Obs. Sc. Unwillingly.
SIk. Jam.) [Not known to our correspondents ]
[Perh. a dcriv. of anker (OE. ancor), an anchorite, in
rci. to his unwillingness to join in the society and pleasures
of the world.]
ANKLING, see Hankling.
ANKOR, sb. Nhb. [a qkar.] The bend of a scythe
or adze.
Nhb.' Some men prefer the angle at which a scythe-blade is set
from the handle to be more or less acute. Hence the direction in
fi.sing a new handle is ' Give 'or a bit mair ankor,' or ' A bit less
ankor,' as the case may be. The same direction is given in fixing
a new handle to an adze.
[Perh. a use of anchor, with regard to the angle made
by the fluke with the long shank. J
ANKSOME, see Anxom.
ANLET
[60]
ANOINTING
ANLET, sb. w.Yks. [a'nlat.] A mark in the shape of
an annulet, or small ring.
w.Yks.l Anlet, the mark on a stone, being an ancient boundary
in this neighbourhood.
[Annelet. a little ring for the finger ; any annelet or
small ring used about apparel or armour, Cotgr.]
ANNAUST. see Anewst.
ANNEX, sb} Nhb. s.Pem. Cor. Written anny s.Pem.
The Kittiwake, Rissa tridactyla.
Nhb.' s.Pem. Laws Little Eiig. ( 18881 419. Cor. Rodd Birr/s
(18801314. [i'oRSTER Swallow t^iSi-]) gz ; Swainson iV;rfi (1885)
206.]
[See Annet, sb.'^]
ANNEX, sA.2 Nhb. Lan. [a-nst.]
1. The common Gull, Lants caitits.
Nhb. SwAiNSON Rircls 1 1885) 208.
2. A ' gull,' a silly fellow.
Lan. That eendless annut o* thoine's keen bitter, Scholes Tim
Ganiwattle (1857) 39.
[Perh. equiv. to ON. oiid (gen. aiidar), a duck, Dan. and,
cp. OE. eiicd.]
ANNOY, V. Yks. Lan. War. Shr. Ess. {obs.) Som.
Also by aphaeresis noy w.Som.' [snoi', noi.]
1. To hurt, trouble, damage.
War.^ It does not annoy my memory [to write down dialect
words]. Shr.^ That theer bit o' roche 'as annoyed my spade.
Ess. Leaue oxen abrode for anoieng the spring [shoots of under-
wood], TussER Ilnsbainlnc (1580) 105, st. 11. w.Som.^ Don't you
believe it, he widn noy you 'pon no 'count in the wordle.
2. Hence (i) Annoyance, sb. offence, damage; (2)
Annoisome, adj. hurtful ; (3) Annoyment, sb. intent to
injure, malice ; (4) Annoyous, (5) Annoyful, adj. trouble-
some.
(i) w.Som.^ Nif you'll plase to let us put up the ladder in your
garden, we'll take care not to make no noyance. (2) w.Yks. 2 No
man shall put any scabbed horse to the common whereby they
male be annoysome or troublesome to his neighbours {obs.). (3)
w.Som.i I knows em purty well, 'tis alla-do'd vor noyment. Lan.'
(4) Anoyful. (51 Yo're varra anoyous ; give oer.
[1. I noye or hurte one, Je iiiiys, Palsgr. ; It dooth no
good . . . but anoyeth, See ye nat, lord, how mankinde it
destroyeth ? Chaucer C. T. f. 875. AFr. anoyer (mod.
ennuyer). 2. Annoyance. Suftrance suft'reth swetely all
the anoyaunces and the wronges that men doon to man
outward, Chaucer C. T. 1. 655. — Annoyful. AUe tarying
.... anoyful, ib. B. 2220. — Annoyment. I warrant she
neucr fele anoyment, Play Sacr. (Matzner). — Annoyous.
Ony thing That anoyus or scathfuU be, Barbour Bruce,
V. 249 ; Thilke thinges shullen ben unjoyful to thee or
elles anoyous. Chaucer Doelh. n. v. 95. — Annoysome. Cp.
the aphetic lit. E. form noisome : The noisome pesti-
lence, Bible Ps. xci. 3,]
ANNUAL MEADO-W GRASS, />/?,<-. Sus. Poa annua;
called also Causeway grass, q.v.
Sus. The annual meadow, vernal, smooth . . . seem to be best
adapted for the feed of sheep, Marshall Revieui (1817; V. 489.
ANNY, see Annet.
ANOINT, V. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Chs. Der. Nhp. Shr. Hrf
Glo. e.An. Ken. Wil. Dor. Som. By aphaeresis 'noint
Wm. n. Yks.i w. Yks.'^ ^ c^g 1 2 s.Chs.» w.Som.^ ; nint Wil.' ;
ninte Shr.' ; again corrupted to oynt Suf ; aint e.An.'
Nrf ' Suf ' ; aaint Nrf ' Suf ' [anoi nt, noint, naint, aint.]
1. To thrash, chastise by word or act, ' to baste.'
Nhb. Aw'd peel her te the varry sark Then 'noint herwiv a twig
o' ycck. Wilson Pitman's /'av(i843) 11. Wm. Maister's nointcd
me to day for talking in class (B.K.). n.Yks.', w.Yks.^; w.Yks.^
Au'll noint thee. Chs.^ ^^ g.chs.' Shr.' Billy, if j'o' dunna come
back and get on wuth that leasin' I'll ninte yore 'ide fur yo'.
Shr. & Hrf. Neint, to beat. Bound Prov. (1876). Hrf. I saw Bill
Jones 'niiiting the parson, A'. & O. (i865')3rd .S. viii 547. e.An.'.
Nrf.' Suf.' I'll aaint yar hide for ye. Ken.' Wil.' I'll 'nint yc
when I gets home! Dor. Anoint, to beat (W.W.S.). w.Soni.'
Jimmy! tumm'ld down again and dirt yer pinny I you bad boy, I'll
noint your bottom vor 'ee, I will, you young* rascal !
Hence Anointing, a thrashing.
Wm. He gat hissel a good nointing for his pains (B.K.). s.Chs.'
They gen [gave] him a pratty nointin'. Nhp.' You'll get a good
nineting, 3'oung lad. Shr. 2 Shr. &. Hrf. I'll give you a ueinting,
Bound Prov. (1876). Glo.i
2. To run, hurry away.
w.Yks. ^2 A man said of his mare, ' You should see her nant up
them hills.' Now, lad. noint it. He did make us nanty. nw.Der.'
Shr.' They wun comin' alung as fast as the pony could ninte.
Shr., Hrf. How that horse did neint along. Bound Prov. (1876).
[1. I'll . . . anoint him with a cat-and-nine-tails, Smol-
lett Rod. Random, v. ME. The kyng away fly. Which
so well was anoj'nted (Fr. si bien oingt) indede, Ro)n.
Partenay, 5653. 2. The sense 'to hurry along' is a
development trom sense 1 ; cp. the use of beat, pelt, in the
sense of hurried movement.]
ANOINTED, ppl. adj. In gen. dial, use in Irel. and
Eng. Also by aphaeresis, nointed n.Yks.'^ m.Yks.^
Chs.''^ Lin.^ Rut.^ Lei.' w.Som.' nw.Dev.' ; nineted Nhp.'
se.Wor.' Shr.i= Hrf^ I.W.= ; niented I.W.^
1. Of persons: thoroughly bad, wholly given up to evil
courses, notorious.
W.tf. 'Why, you anointed rogue,' says he, Kennedy Banks Bow
(1867) 287. n.Yks.i ; n.Yks = A nointed 3'outh. s.Lan. The ex-
pression a'neignted yungrogue' was common in this district some
years ago. It is seldom, if ever, now heard, Manch. City JVezvs
(Feb. 8, 1896). Chs. "2 Lin. He's a 'nointed one, Thompson
Hist. Boston (18^6) -J 16. Knt. EhLis Proniinc. (1889) V. 256. Lei.'
A'sa'nineted 'un,a is. Nhp.' Wor. Called him an ' anointed young
vagabond,' A'. & Q. (1865) 3rd S. viii. 452. se.Wor.' 'E's a nineted
un, *e is. s.War.' He's an anointed young rascal. Shr.' E's a
nineted pippin [said of a vicious youth] ; Shr .2 Hrf.2 Ninetedum,
corruption of ' anointed one.' Him's a ninted yarb. Hnt. He's
the most anointed young hound I ever met in my life. A'. & Q.
(1865') 3rd S. viii. 452. Nrf. We commonly hear a very bad boy or
man called ' an anointed willain,' ib. (1867) 3rd S. xii. 237. Suf.
(F.H.) Ken. Anineted, nineted, audacious, fast (A.M.) ; Ken.l He's
a regular anointed young dog. The devil's own anointed young
rascal. I.W.' ; I.W.2 Don't hay ndthin to do wi' that feller, he's
a nineted rogue. w.Som.' There idn nit a more nointeder young
osebird in all the parish. Dev. He is an anointed wretch. Reports
Provinc. (1882) 7. nw.Dev.' Cor. Aw, he was an anointed old
rascal, ' Q.' Tmy Town (1888 1 xi ; That bov'd end badlj'. for aw was
a most anointed 1cm, Thomas Randignl Rhymrs [ 1895) 3 ; Cor.' 2
Hence Ninety-bird, one who is given up to evil ways.
se.Wor.'
2. Very great, terrible.
w.Som. It was an anointed shame, Elworthy Grant. (1877) 22.
[Anointed in this sense is prob. conn, with anoint, vb. (to
thrash). An ' anointed scoundrel ' would mean a scoundrel
who has deservedly been well thrashed.]
ANOINTER, sb. Yks. Chs. Stf War. Wor. Glo. Oxf
Bck. Wil. Som. Also written nointer Yks. Chs.' s.Chs.' ;
nineter War.'' Glo.' Wil.' ; neinter Chs.'
1. A scapegrace, a mischievous fellow. Also used as adj.
w.Yks. Lenls Merc. Siippl. (May 31, 1884) 8. Chs.' s.Stf. He's
a reglar nointer, I'd believe anythin'o' him, Pinnock Blk. Cy. Ann.
(1895). War. Northall Flk-Phr. (1894). w.Wor. That lad's a
nineter, sir, he is. He'll fight like a rohm,Beirow's J>-n. (Mar. 10,
1888). s.Oxf. David Loveday names his dog * Nainter' because it is
troublesome, barking at the wrong time, and sometimes worrying
the sheep, Ftt-Z.o)cy»iz. (1884) II. 188; 'She alius were a reglar
nineter,' said her father with a delighted chuckle. ' Whatever's a
nineter, uncle ?' asked Sam. 'Anineter? Why, a nineter's a reglar
Bedlam,' answered Tom, Rosemary Chilterns 1^1895 1162. Bck. He's
a nice young nineter, he is! (A.C.) Wil.' A nineter young rascal.
2. A trickster, a sharp, crafty person.
w.Wor. He be a nipper and a nineter, he be (W.B.). Glo.
Som. Nineter, Sweetman Wincanton Gl. (1885).
3. An energetic, pushing person.
s.Chs.' Hey's a nointer, that mon.
4. A miser, a skinflint.
Wil. Slow Gl. \ 1892) ; Wil.'
5. Of things : causing perplexity or surprise ; a ' puzzler.'
w.Yks. That's a nointer (G.B.W.) ; (B.K.)
[Anoint, vb. (q.v.) -f--fr. The word means prob. one
who deserves an ' anointing,' i. e. a thrashing. The use
of the suffix -fr (of the agent) is remarkable.]
ANOINTING, adj Bck. Mischievous.
Bck. Aint he a nineting young rascal? (A.C.)
[See Anointed.]
ANON
[6i]
ANTIC
ANON, adv. Dev. [ano'n.] To-niglit.
Dev. GuosE ^1790) MS. aiiil. {C.) Dev. & Cor. Monthly Mag.
(18081 II. 621. Dev.3 YQ shet aw.iy 'omc Hill, iis'll vollcrcc anon.
Midden be airly, tlio' tweel be avorc owly-light [midnight].
[This sense is due to the earlier use of a)ion in the
sense of soon, in a short time. I am gone, sir, And anon,
sir, I'll be with you again, Shaks. Tivelfth Ni. iv. ii. 131.
OE. on lilt, into one (moment).]
ANON, int. Widely diffused throughout the dial, of
Sc. Irel. Eng. Amer. Also written anan N.Cy.' Chs.'*^
s.Chs.' Der.' e.An.' I.W." Wil.' Cor.'^; non n.Yk.i'';
nan Nhp.= Hrf Glo.i e.An.' Hnip.' I.W.' Wil.' Dev.'
nw. Dev.' Cor."; nam e.An.'^ ; a'an e.An.' ; annan Dor.'
[ano-n, ana'n, non, nan.] An interrogation. What did
you say? A mode of expressing that the hearer has failed
to catch the speaker's meaning.
Sc. The brute of a lad puzzles me by his ' anan,' and his ' dunna
knaw,' Scott Redg. (1824) v. Ir. ' Anan ! ' said she, not under-
standing his question, Lever Maitiiis (i&^t) I. 195, ed. 1872. Dur.
Traveller. ' Pray which is the road to Durham ? ' — Clown. 'Non!'
(J.H.) n.Yks.i Anon or anan is an interjectional sound of doubting
inquiry, similar to the utterly inexpressible (by letters) sound of
assent or attention which is emploj-ed by many Yorkshire people
when listening to a narrative or a remark where verbal observa-
tions are unneeded. w.Yks.', Chs.'^ ; Chs.^ Anan, what's that'
s.Chs.* I have never got the word at first hand, and think it died
out with the last generation. Der.' Ohs. (i8goi. Nhp.^ Wor.
Anan, what do you say ? Porson Quaint ll'ds. (1875"!. Hrf.', GIo.'
e.An.'Oftencontracted to A'an,or N'an. Nrf. Anan? An? N. & Q.
(1850) ist S. ii. 217. Ken. Grose (1790) MS. add. yV.) w.Sus.
Anan, Nan. This interjection has the same sense as the word
'hay ' in Hampshire, HoLLOWAY. Hrap.',I.W.* Wil.' Anan, 'Nan.
Used by a labourer who does not quite comprehend his m.istcr's
orders. Dor.' Som. Anan, Nan, eh ! what? W. & J. Gl. (,18731.
Dev.*, nw.Dev,* Cor. Anan. An interjection used t>y old people
witliin remembrance, though now extinct, Quiller-Couch Hist.
Folpo-ro 11871"! 172; Cor.i* [Amer. Anan, how? The word
is common in Pennsj'lvania, Bartlett. We have in Philadelphia
'Anan,' intcrrog. what? A". & Q. (,1870) 4th S. vi. 249.]
[See Anon, adv.]
ANONSKER, adj. n.Yks. [ano'nskaCr).] Eager,
desirous, set upon a thing.
n.Yks. 1 ; n.Yks.^ They've setten him anonsker o' t'sea [anxious
to become a sailor],
[Of ON. origin ; cp. Dan. an, on + ^nske, wish.]
ANOTHER, in conip. (i) -gates, (2) -guess, (3) -kins, of
a different kind ; (4) -when, another time.
(1 1 Lan.* (2) Lei.' Shr.' Another-gucss sort, generally t,iken
in the sense of 'better.' Ah! the poor toud missis wuz another
gis-sort o' body to 'er daughter-law. GIo. Thelikeo'webeanother-
guess sort of folk, GissiNGZyo^/io//Ai'sPnm/: (1889) I. 117 ; Glo.^ You
are another guess-sort of a man. 13) n.Yks.' He was anotherkins
body tc t'ither chap ; n.Yks ^ That's anotherkins tecal [a different
version of the story]. m.Yks.' That plum's of anotherkins sort.
(4) Ken.'
[Annlher-gales. When Hudibras about to enter Upon
an othcrgates adventure, Butler Hiid. i. iii. 42; He
would liave tickled you othcrgates than he did, Shaks.
Tiveljlh Nt. V. i. 198. Anothcr-gaks, i.e. of another gate,
of another way ; see Gate. Orig. an adv. gen. in -es,
a late analog. ^oxm?i.\\ox\.~ Anothcr-gness. At present
I am constrained to make another guesse divertiscment,
Com. Hist. Francion (Nares). This is a form of anolher-
gates, which was also pron. another gets. Sec Othcrgates.]
ANOUST, sec Anewst.
ANO'W, see Enow.
ANOWER, see Inower.
ANPARSE, ANPASSY, see Ampersand.
ANSEL, sec Own-self.
ANSELL, ANSTIL, see Hansel.
ANSH. see Haunch.
ANSWER, I'.' Chs. War. Som. [ans3;r).]
1. To last, endure.
w.Som.' That there poplar 'ont never answer out o' doors, t'll be
a ratted in no time.
2. With prep, to, (i) to succeed with ; (2) to be easily led.
Chs.' (i) It is said that clay land easily answers to bones. (2) He's
a soft sort 0' chap ; he'll answer to owt. War. (J.R.W.)
ANS"WER, sb. and v.'^ Irel.
1. ,sV;. A bite (in fishing).
Wmth. Did you get ere an answer?
2. V. To bite (of fish).
n.Ir. Are there many fish there ? — Yes, because they answered
them manv a time (S.A.IJ.).
ANS'WERABLE, (ifl>'. Sus. Som. Dev. [aensarabl.]
1. Durable, lasting.
w.Som.' A man said to me of a draining tool. ' Dhik'cc soa'urt
bee dec'urer, biit dhai bee moour aan'surublur ' [that sort are
dearer, but they arc more answerable, i.e. cheaper in the end].
Dev. 'Twas good answerable reed [for thatching], Reports Provinc.
(1887) 3.
2. With prep, to, corresponding to.
Sus. They did pretty middlin' answerable to their size, Egerton
Flks. and IVays (1884) 85.
[1. Answerable, conscntaneus, Coles (1679). 2. The
daughters of Atlas were ladies who brought forth children
answerable in quality to those that begot them, Raleigh
Hist. H'orld ( Iohnson).]
ANS'WERING, //■/>. used as prep, and conj.
1. p/rp. Corresponding to.
Cum., Wm. Answering this time last week [at the correspond-
ing time], Sullivan Cum. and Wm. (1857) 90.
2. conj. Provided that.
Cum., Wm. Answering he comes, Sullivan Cum. and IVm
(18571 90.
ANT, t;.' Sh.I. [ant.] To show attention to, respect,
obey.
Sh.I. Ant, to pay regard to (Coll. L.L.B.'i; Freq. used with
negative, ' Never ant him' (K.I.V, An prickin nerves ant no da
will's intent. Burgess Rasniie (1891 i 1 18. S. & Ork.'
ANT, !'.= Chs. [ant.] A method of ploughing.
Chs.' ifo plough out a small subsoil furrow from a reen.
ANTELUTE,s6. ^ Obs. Shr. [a-ntilut ] A tea-party.
Shr.' Now then, girls, if yo'n look sharp an' get yore work done,
yo' sha'n g60 to the antelute.
ANTER, see Aunter.
ANTERIN, see Undern.
ANTERS, ANTHERS, see Aunters.
ANTHILL-GRASS, sb. Midi, counties. Festiica syl-
vaiica.
Midi. Marshall Rur. Econ. (1790") 107, ed. 1796.
ANTHONY OVER, sb. Gall. A child's game at ball.
Gall. The bairns vexed his soul b}- playing * Antony Over ' against
the end of his house, Crockeit Stiikit Min. (1893^ 99 ; Throwing
a ball over a house, from one party of children to another ^S.R.C.).
ANTHONY-PIG, sb. Chs. Dor. Hrt. Ken. Hmp. Dev.
Also written Tanthony-pig Chs."
1. The smallest pig of a litter, the favourite one supposed
to be dedicated to and under the special protection of
St. Anthony, the patron saint of swineherds.
Der.2 Anthony-pig, the ruckling of the litter ; nw.Der.' Hrt.
We call a poor starved creature a Tantony pig, Salmon Hist, oj
Hrt. (1728). Ken. The favourite pig of the farrow, Grose ingo^i;
The word Anthony is by analogy used as a diminutive generally
(P.M.); Ken.' Hmp. Tanthony-pig, A'. & Q. (1851) ist S. iii. 429.
Dev.^ Anthony's pig is also called nessel tripe.
2. Fig. One who follows close at heel.
Chs.' ; Chs.^To follow anyone like a Tantony pig, is to stick as
close to him as St Anthony's favourite is supposed to have done
to the saint.
[He will follow him like a St. Anthony's pig. St. A.
is notoriously known for the patron of hogs, having a pig
for his page in all pictures. Fuller Worthies, II. 56.
Tantony rcpr. St. Antony. "The form occurs in Swut:
Lord ! she made me follow her last week through all the
shops like a Tantiny (sic) pig. Polite Conv. I.l
ANTIC, sb. and adj. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. Dur.
Lan. Dcr. Brks. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written hantic,
hantick, hanteck. See below, [antik, asntik.]
1. sb. Gen. used in the pi. Manauvrcs, movements,
odd ways and tricks.
Sc. Antick, a foolish ridiculous frolic (Jam."). Dur.' Lan. Tom
oth-Grinders an Owd Lurry wi him, laighin', dancin, an playin
o maks o antiks, ^/irHoi o' Flufis Quortiii' vi886; 13. nw.Der.',
Brks.' w.Som.' Hot ailth the mare ! her's all vull o' her hanlics.
Dev. I niver did zee nobody za vull ov hantecks as "er is, Hewett
ANXIOUS
[62]
ANY
Peas. Sp. (1892^ 86; Dev.' What hanticks a had! naddling his
head, drowing out his hands, and blasting up his ees to the gurt
oaks. Naut. After this, we had a little few more ' antics,' as the
sailors call them, moving from columns of divisions with the ships
in line ahead into other formations in line abreast, then by sub-
divisions and so forth, 5/rtHa'rt/-rfi.Aug. 12, 188913, col. I. [Anticks,
gesticulations such as Merry Andrews employ, Grose (1790; MS.
add. 'C.i]
2. A fool, a buffoon or clown.
Cor.i You dunderheaded old antic, — lave that to the musicianers,
' Q.' Three Ships 1 18901 i ; Cor.' I never seed such an antic in my
born days ; Cor.^ Such an antic.
3. adj. Droll, grotesque.
N.I.1 He's very antic. Antickest [most funny],
4. Frantic with excitement, mad, unmanageable.
•w.Som.i Hantic. n.Dev. What's the matter? . . . what art tha
hanteck ? E.viii. Cilship. ( 1746 1. 620 ; Hantick, wanton and unruly,
Grose 1790) MS. add [M.) ; Dev.i
[1. Antic, he that plays anticks, Johnson ; To dance
anticks is to dance like a Jack-pudding after an odd and
ridiculous manner, Kersey. 2. Antick, a buffoon or
juggler, Kersey ; Jugglers and dancers, anticks, mum-
mers, mimicks, Milton S.A. 1325; There the antic
(i. e. Death) sits. Scoffing his state, and grinning at his
pomp, Shaks. Ric/t. II. m. ii. 162. 3. The prize was to
be conferred upon the whistler that could go through his
tune without laughing, though provoked by the antick
postures of a Merry Andrew, Addison Sped. No. 179 ;
He came running to me . . . making a many antic gestures,
De Foe Crusoe (1719) 183. It. antico (ancient), a term
applied in the i6th cent, to the grotesque work found
ammg the ruins in Rome, and ascribed to the ancients.]
ANXIOUS, adj. Pern, [e'njss.] Ancient, beautiful
with age, rare.
s.Pem. ''Tis an antious old place,' said of a somewhat ruinous
building (^E. D.) ; The idea of ' beautiful ' is always associated with
that of ' old ' or ' ancient.' It is difficult to know which of the two
is uppermost in the mind of the speaker. It is certain that the
word is never used when mere age is considered. This chist [chest]
is a very antious one. Oh, here's an antious set of china ! This
pictier [picture] is owld an' hansom, David, deed, it's antious
(,W.M,M. .
ANTLE, see An, Hantle.
ANTLE-BEER, adv. Dev. [as-ntl-biafr).] Cross-
wise, irregular (the form of two uprights and one cross-
piece, like a door-frame).
n.Dev. Et wel zet arter tha antlebeer lick the dooms of a door,
E.vm. Scold. (17461 1. 274; Grose (1790).
Werxcejig. cross-grained.
Dev. They only thought it was my ' appurted witherful develtry^'
as they called it, and Nurse added that 1 was ' antle-beer,' Madox-
Brown Dwale Blulh (1876) bk. iv. i.
ANTLING, see Hantling.
ANTONMAS, .sA. Sh.I. St. Anthony's Day, a festival
held Jan. 29, twenty-four days after Christmas (old style).
Sh.I. Jan. 29. By oldest people called St. .Anthony's Day. now
Fower-an-twenty Day, and UphellyA. \w\&^t\^%. Ma}isoils Aim.
(1893'! 16; Antonmas is observed here yearly as the last day
of Yule-tide. In the country districts the young people meet and
have a dance, but in Lerwick there is generally a torchlight
procession of guizers, who afterwards make a bonfire of their
torches and then proceed to the houses thrown open for their
entertainment where they have fiddling and dancing (K.I.);
Antinmas. St. Anthony's Day in the calendar [new style] is 17th
January Jam. Suppl.K S. & Ork.'
\Aidhoiiy + tiias.'> (a Church festival).]
ANTRIMS, sb. pi. Wm. Yks. Chs. Der. War. e.An.
Also written antrums e.An.' Suf.'; antherums n.Yks.*
[a'ntrimz, a'ntramz.]
1. Airs, whims, caprices, with an implication of temper.
N.Cy.^ Wra. Antrums, tantrums, flightincss, airs that one gives
oneself, Gibson Let;, and Notes (1877; 91. Chs.' At j'our antrims
again: Chs.2 3, Dar.2, nw.Der.i, 'War. (J.R.W.), eAn.i, Nrf.i
Suf.' 'As in 'as antrums this morning,
2. Doubts, hesitations.
n.Yks.«
(Etym. unknown. See Tantrums,]
ANTRUM, see Undern.
ANT-TUMP, sb. 'War. Wo'r. Shr. Hrf. Also written
anty-tump War.'^ Shr.' Hrf.' : anti-tump w.Wor.' [anti-
tump, a'nt-tump.] An ant-hill.
War.2, w.Wor.i. s.Wor.' Shr.' 'E raved an' tore like a bull at
a anty-tump. Hrf.'
[Aiil+linttp, q.v.]
ANUNDER, adv. and prep. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum.
Win. Yks. Som. Dev. Also written annundher N.I.';
anonder n.Sc. (Jam.) Cum.'; anuner Nhb'; anoner
Abd. (Jam.); in-under Nhb.' n.Yks.^ w.Som.' nw.Dev.';
innundher N.l.': in-ondern.Yks.^ [anu nd3(r), anu'na(rj.]
1. adv. Beneath, under (of actual position;.
N.I.', N.Cy.' Nhb.' Aa's gan anuner. nw.Dev.'
2. prep. Under, underneath.
Sc. As a hen gathereth her chickens anunder her wings, Hen-
derson il/a//. (1862) xxiii. 37. Sh.I. He aims me a lick just anunder
da belt. Burgess Rasmie (1891) 15. Abd. A lamb anoner Nory'scare,
Ross Heleiiore (17681 12, ed. 1812. Ant. Anondther, Anonder
(W.J.K.'). Nhb. His left han's anunder me heed, Robson S«^. 5o/.
(i860: ii. 6; Anunder his care, ib. Bk. of Ruth (i860) ii. 12; Nhb.'
Theboxisinunderthebed. Dur. Ah sat doon unnonderhis shaddow
wih greet deleyght, Moore Sug. Sol. (i860) ii. 3. Cum. En onder
them he said was two lile princes buried, Mary Drayson (,1872)
13 ; Ciim.3 If I stopt anonder ya tree i' t'wud. I stopt anonder
twenty. 23. At keeps o' he cares anonder j'a hat, 55. Wm. An
buried him snugly an-under some trees. Whitehead Leg. (1859 1 8 ;
Ye'll be best anonder t'blankets. I isn't in anonder t'least doubt
about it vM.P.). n.Yks. Ah sat me down on t'binch in under t'awd
yak tree, Tweddell Clevel. Rhytnes 1^1875 '< 48. w.Som.' Dhai vaewn
un tu laa's aup-m dhu taal'ut, een uun'dur u buun-1 u aa"y [they
foiTlid him at last up in the tallet, underneath a bundle of hay].
3. Beneath in command, in subjection to.
n.Yks. 2 He was in-onder t'other man [in office]. w.Som.^ Our
Bill's a go to work to the brew-house, in under Mr. Joyce the
maltster.
[ME. Ther nis non betere anonder sunne, A". Horn, ^6-].
All, on -f under.]
AN"VIL, sb. Ken. [ae nvl.] In coiiip. Anvil-clouds,
clouds of the shape of an anvil, supposed to betoken rain.
Ken.'
ANXOM, adf. Yks. [arjkssm.] Anxious.
e.Yks. He'd monny a anksome lewk at his store, Nicholson
Flk-Sp. (18891 42 ; e.Yks.' MS. add. (T.H.)
[A form of anxious, contam. with the suff. -some ; cp,
fearsome, q.v.]
Hence Anxomness, anxiety.
e.Yks.i MS. add. iT.H. )
ANY, adv., adj. and pron. Var. dial, uses in Irel, and
Eng. See below, [eni, o'ni.]
1. adv. At all.
n.Yks. It dizn't dry onny (I.W.). ne.Yks.' It didn't rain onny,
s.Not. Ah don't see as she's improved any iJ.P.K.). sw.Lin.' He's
not worked any sin* June. She can't sit up any. Wor. If I
leaves it till to-morrow it won't hurt any (H.K.). s.Oxf. They be
.Sunday does . . . and scarce wore any, Rosemary Chiltenis [ 1895)
76. Suf. He tell them brick every now and agin to see if they'\'e
wasted any (C. G. de B.\ Sur.' The cuckoo don't sing this year
scarce any. Slang. You don't want bein' made more drunk any,
Kipling Badalia (1890I 7.
2. prou. One of two things indifferently, either.
Wm.' Ther's nobbet twoa left — will ta hev onny on em ? — Ay, aa'l
tak onny on em than likes to gic ma'. s.Lan. John, fetch me one
of those two pairs of trousers out of my wardrobe. — Which shall I
bring ? — Oh, any of them will do 1 S.W.).
3. In phr. (i) Any bit like, tolerably good, used with
ref either to the weather, health, or behaviour ; (2) —
body, an indef pers. pron. also construed as pi. ; (3) — end
up, in any case, at any rate ; (4) — make, any kind ; (5)
— tiiore, for the future ; used in positive, as well as
negative phr. ; (6) — more than, only, but that ; (7) —
road, anj-way, anyhow; (8) — road up, in any case;
(9) — llung, at all ; (10) — way for a little apple, easily
persuaded ; (11) — way up, in any case; (12) — wise, in
any way.
1 ne.Yks.' Wa s'all be leadin' ti-moom if it be onny bit leyke.
e.Yks.' Ah could lia putten up vviv her if she'd been onny-bit-leyk.
w.Yks. Noa two fowk owt to be moor comfortable if Iha'd be
ony-bit like. Clock Aim. (18781 48; w.Yks.^ I'll come and see thee
ANYESDER
L63]
APPEAL TO
tomorrow, if it's onny-bit-lil<c. Lan.' If th' weather's onny-bit-
like. nw.Der. (H.R.) (2) n.Wil. 'Tis cowld enough to vriz any-
body. Anybody caant do nothin now wi'out bein took up far't
(E.H.G.). w.Som.i Un'ce baudee kdod-n voo'urd-u diie ut, neef
dhai diid-n diic ut nai-tuymz, keod ur? [one could not aflord to
do it, if one did not do it night times, could they ?] (3) s.Chs.' I'll
send ye a chcm [team] anny end up. Stf.= I dunna know when
arjack'scumin whom.bi'iroi'llletyer knowonyend up. (4; m.Yks.'
Onnymak, any shape, form, or sort. (5) n.Ir. A servant being in-
structed how to act, will answer ' I will do it any more ' i G M. H.").
(6) War.2 I wouldn't a-gonc any more than I promised to buy Dick
a trumpet. Wor. I wouldn't do it any more than I've got so
much else to do (H.K.). s.Wor.' 1 should be sure to go to church
any more than I've not got a gownd to my back. n.Wil. I shouldn't
trouble to pick them apples to-day, any more'n might be wet to-
morrow (E.H.G.). Wil.' He's sure to come any more than he
might be a bit late. (7) w.Yks. (J.W.) s.Stf. Any road , you tell
'em that, Murray Rainbow Gold (1886) 137. [Aus., N.S.W. I don't
want to blow — not here, any road — but it takes a good man to put
me on my back, Boldrewood Rvb'.icry (1888) I. i.] (8) Stf.^
1 dunna know when ar Jack's cumin whom, bur oi'll let yer know
ony road up. (9) sw.Lin.i He's never ailed anything. (101
N.Cy.' Ony way for a little apple. ( 1 1 1 Stf.^ Oi'll let yer know ony
way up. (12^ Sur. I knowed you ha' time enough to wait at this
plaace, anywise, Bickley Si(»-. Hills (1890) III. iv.
[1. Cp. the use of 'any-thing' in Chavcer : For if hir
wheel stinte any-thing to torne, Tr. &= Cr. i. 848. 2. And
if that any of us have more than other, Lat him be trewe,
and parte it with his brother, ib. C.T. d. 1533.]
ANYESDER, sb. Sh.I. A sheep in its second year.
S. & Ork.i
\.4>i. one+yester (yearster), repr. jv^nr-f-suff. -ster.'\
ANY KIN, at^. Obsol. Yks. [o'ni kin.] Of any kind
or sort.
n.Yks. D'ye knaw ov onny kin things like them ? — I deeant think
I hev onny kin things like them ( I.W. ) ; n-Yks.'. m.Yks.^
[Noe, for anikins chanse Sal I noght take sli a nojjer
venganse, Cursor M. 1941.]
ANY WAY(S, adv. [hr. Irel. Cum. Yks. War. Oxf.
Sur. See below.
1. In any way, in any respect, by any means.
e.Yks.' Was he onny ways put cot? MS. add. (T.H.) War.
If the child ever went any ways wrong, Geo. Eliot S. Marner
(1861 1 xiv. s Oxf. I'll go if I anyways can, Rosemary C/iil/cnis
(18951 17. Sur.' We can't make anyways sure.
2. At all events.
Ir. I may be poor, but any way I'm honest fA.S.P.). n.Yks.
Anyways I'm mista'en if he is, Linskill Bclw. Heather and N. .Sia
(1884) i. w.Yks. Onnyway, thah'rt noan bahn wi' us {Al.B.'i.
[Amer. Block Island is rather a wisht kind of a place any way, J^lk-
Lore Rec. (1881) IV. 93.]
3. In every way, in all respects.
Cum.i This is enny way as good as that.
4. Carelessly, confusedly.
n.Yks. He thrust them tegilher onnyway (I.W.). e.Yks.^ Onny
ways, A/S. add. (T.H.)
[1. All those who are any way concerned in works of
literature, Addison Sped. No. 529; All those who are any
ways afflicted ... in mind, body, or estate, Bk. Com. Pr.
(Prayer for all conditions of men).]
ANY "WHEN, adv. Lin. Bdf. Ken. Sur. Sus. limp.
I.W. Wil. Dor. At any time.
n.Lin.' I'll goaony-when you like, if nobbut it duzn't raain. Bdf.
(F.H.), Ken. (P.M.) Sur. I can come the first week in November
or any when from Nov. i, N. & Q. (1881) 6th S. iv. 367 ; Two
pence is good enough for eggs any when, ib. 542 ; Sur.' Sus.
*Anywhen' may be heard anv day and every day. A'. & Q. (1853)
1st S. vii. 335 ; Sus.', Hmp.', I.W.', WU. (W.C.'P.) Dor. If I was
quite suie, I would go any-when. Hardy Tess (1891) vi ; Dor.'
[He giveth not himself to wildness any when, ///.?/.
Jacob iS^ Esau (1568J, Dods/ty's Old Eng. Plays, II. 196
(ed. Hazlitt).]
APACE, adv. Lan. [ape's.] By degrees, steadily.
Lan. A man who was making headway in his business quietly
without much show would be said to be ' getting on apace ' (S. W.).
ne.Lan.^ He will get on apace.
[The word now means in lit. E. ' at a good pace.' The
dial, meanings are nearer the usage of Chaucer, where
it often implies a slow pace : In lasse whyle Than thou
wolt goon a paas nat but a myle, C T. c. 866 ; And forth
she waiketh esily a pas, ib. f. 388. Fr. a pas. Cp. pas a
pas, step after step, Cotgr.]
APAST^/.r(/>. and adv. Yks. Stf. War. Hmp. WiL Som.
[apast, apa St.]
1. pnp. Of time : after, past.
s.Stf. Ten apasl seven by the clock, Pinnock Bit. Cy. Ann.
(1895). Hmp.' Wil. Slow GI. (189a).
2. Of place : beyond, past.
w.Yks. Ah've gotten apast Sarah Alice at suramin' [arithmetic],
Leeds Merc. Su/>f>l {May 23, iSgi). Hmp.' Som. Jen.mngs Ois.
Dial. w.Eng. 1825).
3. adv. Of place : past.
War.2 He's just gone apast.
[ME. apassed (pp. of apnssmi in A Hit P. I. 539, and
Chaucer Boilli. 11. v. 35. OFr. apasser, to pass on.]
APE, sb. Yks. Lan. fep.]
1. A mischievous, troublesome child.
m.Yks.l Thou young ape, get out of the road with thee, before I
pick thee over. ne.Lan.'
2. Coiiip. Ape-faced.
n.Yks.2 Yap feeac'd, pug-nosed, monkey-faced.
APEAK, adv. n.Yks. [apia'k.] In a peak.
n.Yks.^ Belt apeeak ; built up to a point or pyramid.
\A-, on -I prak.\
APEN, sec Open.
APERN, see Apron.
APESOME, see Apish.
APICKABACK. see Pickaback.
APIECE, adv. n.Cy. Der. [aprs.] Severally, to each
one.
n.Cy. Now lads ! here's healths apiece (Hall.') nw.Der.'
[Neither have two coats apiece, Bible Luke i.K. 3. A
piece, for each one piece, hence severally.]
A-PIECES, adv. piir. Lan. Lin. Nhp. War. e.An.
[apTsaz.] In pieces, to pieces.
Lan. I fund foak bizzy knokink the'r heaws sides epeeses,
Walker Plebeian Pol. (17061 7, ed. 1801. ne.Lan.', Lin.', Nhp.',
War. (J.RW.), e.An.' Suf.' Ta crumble all 'apieces.
[What so many may do. Not being torn a-pieces, wc
have done, Shaks. Hen. VllI, v. iv. 80. A-, on+pieces.'\
APIEST, see Alpiust.
APISH, adj. n.Yks. [yepi/.]
n.Yks.2 Yapish, Yapsome, impertinent.
APISTY-POLL, adv. Dor. Of a child : carried on
the back or shoulders. Cf. pick-a-back.
Dor. Gl. (1851); Dor.' A mode of carryiiig a child with his legs
on one's shoulders, and arms round the neck and forehead.
APLACE, adv. Cld. (Jam.) Conveying the idea that
one is present, as ojiposed to that of his being absent:
as ' He's better awa nor aplace,' i.e. it is better he should
be absent than present.
[Things abused to idolatry . . . are farre better away
then aplace, Gillespie Cerehi. (1637) in. ii. 22 (N.E.I).);
To telle How such goddes come aplace, Gower C.A. 11.
152. A-.on+ place.]
APLOCH, see Ablach.
APOD, see Uphold.
APONTED. /./). Dor. [apo'ntad.] Tainted.
Dor.' Deos \-ish is a-ponted.
[A- {pref.^)+ pouted, pp. of pout (\.o bruise), q.v.]
APPARATUS, 56.' vv.Cor. [aepare'tas.] A kitchen
stove.
w.Cor. The cooking stove in the kitchen is so called (T.C.P.) ;
I have never heard this word in Penzance, but several times at
Falmouth (M.AC).
APPARATUS, 5*.« Nhb. Dur. See below.
Nhb.. Dur. Apparatus, machinery at the surface for separating
the small coals (screened out from the round) into nuts and duff.
The small coals, which have passed through the screen, are drawn
up either a vertical or an inclined framing, in a tub called an ap-
paratus tub, which teems itself at the top of the frame, and is passed
over two or more screens, Nicholson Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
APPEAL TO, V. Sur. [api'l.] To approve of, find
benefit from.
Sur.' How do you find the whiskey suit you ? — I appeal to it
very much. [Unknown to our other correspondents.]
APPEAR
[64]
APPLE-GARTH
APPEAR, s6. Glo. [api-3{r).] Appearance.
Glo. Often used in the neighbourhood of Bisley (H.S.H.) ; Glo.l
[Which she on every little grass doth strew . . . against
the Sun's appear, Fletcher Faiihfiil Shepherd (c. 1610) v. i.
(N.E.D.)]
APPEAR, V. n.Irel. Of ghosts : to ' walk,' to haunt
places.
n.Ir. Ghosts still ' appear ' in old churchyards, or when a murder
of a particularly striking kind has been committed (R.M.Y.) ; N.I.l
[And many bodies of seyntis . . . apperiden to many,
Wyclif (1388) Matt, xxvii. 53.]
APPEARENTLY.rto'ii. m.Yks. [apiaTantli.] Seebelow.
m.Yks.i In freer use as an affirmative response than is usual in
ordinary speech. We's ganging to t'feast, ye see, appearently.
It's boon to weet, appearently [it is going to wet (or rain)].
APPELL, V. Obs. Sc. (Jam.) To challenge.
Sc.There were many Southland men thatappelled otherin barrace,
to fight before the King to the dead, for certain crimes of lese-
majesty, PnscoTTiE (ed. 1768) 234.
[ME. I appelle hym for trouthe broken, Roivland &= Ol.
(1400) 343 (N.E.D.). Lat. appellare, to call upon.]
APPERIL, sb. s.Irel. Risk, peril.
s.Ir. Don't be out of her on yourapperl. Lover Leg. (1848") II. 289.
[Faith ! I will bail him, at mine own apperil, B. Jonson
Magii. Lady, v. x ; Let me stay at thine apperil, Timon,
Shaks. Timon, i. ii. 32. A- (prcf}°)->rperil.\
APPERNTLE, s6. Chs. Shr. [a'pantl.j An apronful.
s.Chs.i A apperntle o' tatoe-pillins for th' pigs. Shr.i W'eer'n
'ee bin laisin, Peggy?— I' the paas'ns piece; I've got whad yo'
sin, an' a good apparntle o' short ears.
{Appcni, apron + -/A' (stiff.); this is a common suff. in
the Shr. dial. ; cp. cantk. hantle, biicL-ctlc, pocketle. It is prob.
an equiv. of -/»/; see Shr.' (gram, xliii).]
APPETIZE, V. Sc. Nhb. In pp. : having appetite for
food.
Sc. I am well appetizcd for my dinner, Monthly Mag. (1798) II.
436 ; Supper for which I feel rather more appetized than usual,
Scott Monastery (1820") 39, ed. 1879. N.Cy.', Nhb.l
[A deriv. of appetite (Fr. appetit), foiuied on the analogy
of vbs. in -/sp.]
APPING, see Happing.
APPLE, sb}
1. Tlie cone o{ Finns abies (Lin. Won).
Wor. (H.K.)
2. Comb, (i) Berk apple, Finns sylvestiis (n.Yks.) ; (2)
Deal — (e.An.), (3) Fir— (nw.Cum. Lin. Sus. Hmp.),
(4) Pine — (Hrt. Nhp.), the cone of P. abies.
(4) Nhp.i Pie-apple or Pur-apple, the cone of the fir. Hrt. Cones,
or what we call pine-apples, Ellis Sbep. Guide (1750) 134.
[The fir-cone was formerly called a pine-apple, q.v.]
APPLE, sb.'^ [apl, Eepl.] Fyiits mains. Irel. Nhb.
Lin. Nhp. Wor. Shr. Hmp. Wil. Som. Dev. Cor.
1. Comp. (i) Apple-bee, a wasp; (2) -dumplings, plant-
name, the great hairy willow herb ; (3) -headed, see below ;
(4) -meat, pies, tarts, &c., made witli apples ; (5) -mill, a
machine in wliich apples are crushed in cider-making;
(6) -pear, a variety of pear ; (7) -potato, a certain kind of
potato ; (8) -scoop, a scoop or spoon, made of bone, used
to abstract the cores from apples ; (9) -shrub, the plant
Weigelia Rosea ; (10) -wife, a woinan who sells apples.
(i) Cot. Monthly Mag. {iBoQ)\l.,^2i. (2) Nhb.' Apple-dumplins,
Epilobiiiiii hirsitliini. Called also Corran-dumplin. (3) Nhp.' Apple-
headed, a term applied to a low, stunted oak with a round bushy
head. (4) s.Dev. (G.E.D.) (5) nw.Dev.' (7) Myo. First and fore-
most there's no better than the apple-pratees, Barrington Skelehes
(1830) III. xvi. (8) n.Lin.' Apple-scohp, an instrument made of
a sheep's metacarpal bone, sometimes carved, dyed green, &c.,used
for taking the cores out of apples. ne.Wor. ( j.W.P. ) Wil.' Apple-
scoop, made from the knuckle-bone of a leg of mutton, and used for
eating apples, the flavour of which it is supposed to improve. (9)
w.Som.' Apple-shrub, the IVeigelia Rosea, no doubt so called from
the likeness of its flowers to apple-blossom. It was only intro-
duced from China in 1855. It is now one of our commonest
flowering shrubs. Dev. We call it the apple shrub, Reports Proi'inc.
(1885) 87. (10 Nlib.' Me sent the a|iple-wives to mourn, A month
iv wor awd cassell, Oliver Local Sngs. (1824) 15.
2. Comb, with atlitb. adj., applied to plants or fruit:
(i) Cane Apple, Arbntns iinedo or strawberry-tree (Irel.) ;
(2) Coddled — , Epilobinm hirsntnni or willow herb (Lin.
Nhp.); (3) Morris — , see below (Hmp.) ; (4) Scrog — ,
q.v.; (5) Scalded — , Lychnis rt'm/v/rt (Shr.) ; (6) Well — ,
see below (Hmp.).
(3"i Hmp.' Morris-apple, an apple with very red cheeks. (5)
Shr.' Scalded apple, Red Campion. (6) Hmp.' Well apple, alight
yellow apple.
APPLE, v} Lin. Wor. To gather fir-cones or apples.
Lin. The poor people supply themselves with very good fuel by
gathering the fir-apples ; you will sometimes see twenty children
in my plantation appleing, as they call it, Young Agiic. Siirv.
Wor. (H.K.)
APPLE, v.^ Lin. Nhp. Hrt. Used of roots. To form
into tubers.
n.Lin.' Apple, to bottom, to root. Spoken of potatoes, turnips,
and other bulbs. s.Nhp. Unless the soil has some mi.Kture of sand
the turnips do not apple, as they call it : that is, do not bottom well,
Morton Nat. Hist. (1712) 487. Nhp.' Turnips apple well, when
the roots swell, and assume a bulbous form. Hrt. [Turnips] did
apple or bottle well, Ellis Mod. Hitsb. (1750) IV. iv. 70.
APPLE-BIRD, sb. Dev. Cor. The Chaffinch, Frin-
gilla coelebs.
Dev. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) Cor. Swainson Birds (1885)
63 ; Cor.i2
APPLE-BLOWTH, sb. Dor. Som. [aepl-blu}).] Apple
blossom. See Blowth.
Dor. When the apple-blooth is falling and everything so green,
Hardy Tess (1891) 159. Som. To inspect the apple-blooth and
hear the birds sing, Raymond Gent. Upcott {i8g^) 105.
APPLE-BOUT, sb. n.Wil. [ae'pl-beut.] An apple-
dumpling.
Wil.'
APPLE-CART, sb. Nhb. Yks. Der. Lin. Som. Used
metaph. in various ways.
1. Of the human body.
n.Cy. Down with his apple-cart [knock or throw him down]
(Hall.). n.Yks. He'll sharpen thy apple cart for thee [he will
thrash thee, if thou dost not take care] (I.W.). nw.Der.'. Lin.'
Slang. If two men are quarrelling, and a friend of one interferes,
saying, ' I will upset his apple cart.' it means 'While you are par-
leying with the enemy, I will knock him down,' Farmer.
2. Of anything carried, chiefly in phr. to upset the apple-
cart.
Som. Don't upsit th' applecart ! That is, be careful you do not
let fall anything carried, Pulman Sketches (1842) 77, ed. 1871.
3. Of a plan, project. Also in plir. as above.
Nhb.' That's upset his applecairt for him, aa think [that has
completely stopped his project].
APPLE-DERN, sb. Cor. [ae-pl-dan,]
Cor.^ Apple-dern, the dead and dry stock of an apple-tree, il/S.
add.
APPLE-DRANE, sb. Som. Dev. Cor. A wasp.
w.Cy. Apple-drone, a wasp ; a terrible devourer of apples and
more especially when they are beaten or ground to make cider
(Hall.). w.Som.' Common, but not so much used as ' wapsy.'
Dev. Leek bullocks sting'd by appledranes, P. Pindar Royal Visit
(1816) HI. 365 ; An' apple-drcane an' a drumble-drone Wert aw'
Iher' wert ter zee ; Th' drunible drone lay dead i' th' snaw, Th'
yapple-dreane i' th' dree ! ' Madox-Brovvn Dwale Bluth (1876) bk.
IV. ii ; I dreamt there wor an apple drain buzzin', Peard Mother
Molly (1889) 145 ; There's a appledrane's nist down in the cassia-
tree moot, HewettPots. 5/1. (1892) 47 ; Appledrane, a waspor bee,
Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) Cor.' Apple-drain, a drone, a wasp.
[.See Drone.]
APPLE-FOOT, sb. War. Shr. Glo. An apple pasty or
turnover.
War.3 An apple turnover 0/ clumsy shape. Shr.' The plural
form of the term is ' applefit.' 'Hiey are often given to the men
for their ' bait.' Now, Dick, bin y6 gwein to get any bayye [«V] ! —
W'a'n 'ee got? — Apple fiit. Glo. Northall Flk. Phr. (1894).
APPLE-GARTH, sb. Obs.t Yks. [a-plga^.] An
orchard.
n.Yks.2 e.Yks.' Still preserved in Apple-garth looan— a lane
at Bridlington which led to the orchards of the monastery, previous
to the dissolution. MS. add. (T.H.)
[ An applegarthe, />o;;i(w'/(;», LEVifis Manip.; An appelle
ganb, pomeinm, Cath. Angl. See Garth]
APPLE-GOB
[65]
APRICOCK
APPLE-GOB, s6. Shr. A boiled apple-dumpling. Cf.
gob.
Shr.'
APPLE-JACK, sb. e.An. Apples sliced and sugared,
and baked in a pastry crust. Sometimes used of apples
pared, and baked whole inside the dough.
e.An.' A homely sort of pastr}', made by folding sliced apples with
sugar in a coarse crust and baking them without a pan. Also called
flap-jack, applc-hoglin, crab-lanthorn, turn-over. Nrf. Wc shall
have roast-beef and apple-jack for dinner to-day (P. K.E.) ; Nrf.'
Apple-john, sugared apples, baked in a square thin paste, the
two opposite comers flapped, or turned over. Suf. An apple jack
contains only one apple, whole and pared (,F.H.) ; Suf.' Apple-jack,
or Apple-john, sugared apples, baked in a paste, with two opposite
corners turned over the apple, or flapped so as to form a ' three
square.'
APPLE- JOHN, sb. Chs. War. e.An.
1. A special kind of apple.
Chs. War. Wise Shahcspere (1861) 97. e.An.' Apple-john,
John-apple, a species of apple.
2. See Apple-jack.
[1. John-apple, a good relished apple that lasts 2 years.
Kersey ; Nor John-apple, whose wither'd rind entrench'd
By many a furrow aptly represents Decrepid age, Phillips
Cider (Nares) ; I am withered like an old apple-john,
Shaks. I Hen. IV, in. iii. 5. This apple is so called because
it is ripe about St. John's Day (June 24).]
APPLE-OWLING, sZ». Wil. The custom of knocking
off from the trees the useless fruit remaining, after the
apple-harvest has been gathered in.
Wil.' Apple-owling, knocking down the small worthless fruit, or
*griggles.' left on the trees alter theapple crop has been gathered in.
APPLE-PIE, sb. Yks. Chs. Glo. Hrt. Suf. Ess. Name
given to various plants: {1) Artemisia vulgaris, or mug-
wort (Chs.) ; (2) Carcia)iiitie praleiisis, or ladj'-smock
(Yks.) ; (3) Epilobiiiin liirsitliiin, or great hairy willow
herb (Yks. Chs. Glo. Hrt. Suf. Ess.) ; (4) ? Lychnis
diiirita (n.Yks.).
(i) Chs.' Apple-pie. (s^l n.Yks. Apple-pie, from time immemorial
the name for the hairy willow herb, from the scent of its flowers
strongly resembling the smell of warm apple-pie ^G.M.T.). Chs.^
The great hairy willow herb is called Apple-pie, the smell re-
sembling that of the apple. Glo.' Hmp.' (_4; n.Yks. Apple-pie,
'{ Lyflntis diiirua (I.W.\
APPLE-PIE BED, sb. Gen.colloq. use in Eng. A bed
made by way of a practical joke with one sheet so folded
as to make entry impossible.
Nhp.' Apple-pic bed. A bed is so called when it is made with
a single sheet, one end tucked under the pillow, the other turned
over at the top, which doubles the sheet in the middle, and pre-
vents the longitudinal extension of the occupant. Colloq. Some
* evil-disposed persons ' have already visited his room, made his
bed into an apple-pie, plentifully strewn with hairbrushes and
razors. Sat. Review (^Nov. 3, 1883) 566, col. 2 (Farmer); The
servants, who. to begin with, thought nothing more amusing than
the young gentlemen's apple-pie beds and bot, by-traps, have
reached the verge of mutiny by the fifth week, Siniidaid ^Aug. 3,
1889) 5, col. 2 ; Apple-pie bed, so called from the apple turnover,
a sort of pie in which the crust is turned over the apples. A'. & Q.
(1894) 8th S. V. 347.
APPLE-PIE FLOWER, s6. n.Hmp. See Apple-pie (3).
APPLE-PIE ORDER, sb. Gen. dial, use in Eng. Phr.
expressive of perfect order and regularity.
w.Yks.' A room with everything tidy and properly placed is
pronounced to be * in apple-pie order.' Lin.' The house was in
applepie order. 0%0 MS, add. Colloq. I am just in the ' order '
which some folks — though why I am sure I can't tell you —would
call apple-pie, Barham higoldsby (1864) Otd Woman in Giey.
APPLE-PIE PLANT, see Apple-pie (3).
APPLE-PUMMY, sb. Som. [ae-pl-pumi.] The pulp
of apples remaining after all the cider has been ex-
tracted.
w.Som.' While full of juice and in process of cider making,
the ground apples are simply pummy. I've a-drawd a load o'
apple-pummy up in the copse ; 1 reckon they [the pheasants]'ll
zoon vind it out.
[Water wherein a good quantity of apple-pomice hath
been boil'd, Evelyn Pomona (1664) 95 (N.E.D.).]
APPLE-RINGIE, sb. Sc. Also written apple-ringy,
apple-riennie (B. & H.). The plant Southernwood,
ArliDiisia ahrotonuni.
Sc. Would \ou like some slips of apple-ringy, or tansy or thyme?
Petticoat Tales (1823) I. 240 (Jam.); The aipple ringie and the
sweet brier, Ochiltree Redbiiin 1895 ii. Ayr. The window
looked into a small garden rank with appleringy, and other fragrant
herbs,GALT Sir^Mrf/-ftK(i82r) I. 44. Lnk. Here is plenty of apple-
ringy, Fraser IVhaups (1895) i.
[Apple-ringie may prob. be a corr. of AFr. averoine
(Wright Voc. 554. 14); cp. Vr-ournne. Aiiroitne, the herb
Southernwood, Cotgr. Lat. abrotoiniin.]
APPLE-SHEELY, sb. Nhb. The Chaffinch, Fringilla
coelebs. See Sheely.
Nhb.'
APPLE-STUCKLIN. sb. Nrf. Suf. Sus. Hmp. I.W. Also
written -stucklun I.W.'; -stucklen I.W.* [aepl-steklan.]
Apples sliced or whole, sugared, and baked in a paste.
CI. apple-turnover.
Nrf., Suf., Sus., Hmp. A homely sort of pastry, made by folding
sliced apples with sugar in a coarse paste, and baking them with-
out adish or pan, Hollowav. I.W.'; I.W.' Apple-dumpling baked.
APPLE-TERRE, sb. Obs. Sus. An orchard.
e.Sus. Hollowav ; Sus.'*
[Apple + Fr. terre, a piece of ground.]
APPLE-TURNOVER, sb. Lin. LeL Wor. A kind of
apple-tart baked without a dish.
n.Lin.' Apple-turnover, an apple puff. Lei.* Apple-turnover, a
large puff, made with a circular or oval piece of paste doubled
over, and containing apples. Wor. (J.W.P.)
APPLE-TYE, sb. Sus. A loft where apples are kept.
Sus.i
[See Tye.l
APPLETY-MOY, sb. Wm. [a-plti-moi.] Apples
stewed to a pulp.
Wm. Applety-moi consists of apples stewed until soft and then
crushed to a pulp (E.W.P.) ; Bobby browt oot a girt weyshin pot
full a applety-moi. Spec. Dial. (1885) pt, iii. 10.
[Cp. ME. applemoyle (also poniesmoille in gloss. Cookery
5i's. (E.E.T.S. 91) ; apptilmoy in Form of Cury, "ig. Moy,
tnuyle. repr. Fr. mouille, moistened, soaked.]
APPROBATION, *(!>. Rut. [aprabejan.] An authori-
tative opinion.
Rut.' I can't make out what's wrong wi' her ; so I shall send for
Clark, and get his approbation of it.
[An old meaning of this word was the action of authori-
tatively declaring good or true ; hence the dial, sense
'opinion.' By learned approbation of the judges, Shaks.
Hen. VHI, I. ii. 71.]
APPROOF, sb. Yks. Som. [apruf.]
1. Approval, praise.
w.Yks. Leeds Mere. Suppl. (June 7, 1884). m.Yks. Speaking of
Hungarian flour, an old farmer used words after this fashion —
' Such rubbish as that gets no approof of mine' (W.B T.). Som.
He may crack about his dairy as much as he do like, but 'e see
the judge giv' he no approof vWB.T.).
2. Obsol. Courage, pluck tried by experience.
w.Yks. I like Jack l>elter nor Tom ; there's more approof in
him vW.B.T.).
[This word is noted as old in Johnson. 1. One and the
self-same tongue. Either of condemnation, or ajiproof,
Shaks. M. for Meas. 11. iv. 174. 2. A soldier and ol very
valiant approof, ib. All's IVetl, n. v. 3. OFr. apiove, proof,
trial.]
APPURTENANCES, sb. Cor. The heart, liver, and
lungs of an animal.
Cor.2
[An appurtenance of a lamb, visce-ra. pantices. Coles
(1679). J 'lis word is freq. found in its aphetic form
piirleitance. f| v.]
APRICOCK, sb. n.Cy. I.an. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Shr.
Hrf Soni. |eprikok.] The apricot. See Abricock.
N.Cy.', n.Lan.', n.Lin.'. LeL'. Nhp.', War.s, Shr.', Hrf.' Som.
Jennings Ubs. Dial, if Eng. (^1825).
[Apricot or apricock, a kind of wall-fruit. Joh.nson;
An apricock, yl/rt//w; praecoquum. Coles (1679); Abricol,
the abricot or apricock plumb, Cotgr.; Yond dangling
K
APRIL
[66]
APTYCOCK
apricocks, Shaks. Rirli. II, in. iv. 29 ; Of trees or fruites
to be set or remooved, i. Apple-trees ... 2. Apricocks,
TussER Hiisb. 76. Port, alhncoque. See Abricock.]
APRIL, sb. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. War.
Coinp. (1) -errand, an errand upon which a person is sent
on the first of April, as a practical joke ; (2) -gawby,
(3) -sob. (4) -gobby, (5) -gowk, (6) -noddy, various names
for an April fool.
(i) n.Cy. This ... is called a ' gawk's errand,' ' an April errand,'
•hunt the gowk,' Flk-Lore Rec. (1879) VII. 85. (2) Chs.i April
gawby. War. (J.R.W.) (3) Chs.i April gob. nw.Der.i April gob,
an April fool. (4) Chs.* April gobby. (5) n.Cy. We in the North call
persons who are thus deceived, April gowks. Brand Pop. Antiq.
(1777) 4°° ■> April gowks are past and gone. You're a fool and 1 am
none [i. e. after midday, the person who attempts the joke is called
the fool], Flk-Lore Rec. (1879) VII. 85. Nhb.i The cuckoohas become
synonymous with jest and joke ; gowk is cuckoo. Boy ; ' Hi,
canny man, see what ye've dropt.' The canny man turns round to
see, and is hailed with a yell, ' O, ye April-gowk ! ' as the boy
runs off. Cum. One of these gentlemen we hope to send back
to London as our representative in Parliament, and the other as
an April-gowk [speech of a political West Cumbrian gentleman,
Apr. I, 1879] (M.P.); Cum.' n.Yks.'^ April gowk, an April fool.
The old custom of making April fools is said to have proceeded
from letting insane persons be at large on the first of April, when
amusement was made by sending them on ridiculous errands.
April day is here called ' Feeals' h.aliday,' fools' holiday. (6)nLan.'
Apple-noddy's past an' gone. An' thou's a noddy for thinkin' on.
APRIL-FOOL, sh. Lei. One upon whom practical
jokes are successfully played.
Lei.' A person may be made an April-fool of at any time of the
year. Ah suppose a wanted to mek a Epril fule on me.
APRILLED, ppl. adj. Dev. [aprild.] Sour, on the
point of turning sour, applied to niilk or beer. Also,
jig., to a person's temper.
Dev. Aprill'd, turned sour, Moore //is/. Dev. (1829') I. 353. n.Dev.
Why, than tha wut be a prilled, or a muggard [made sour, or
sullen], £'.v;k. Scold. (1746)!. 194; Aprilld, soured, or beginning
to turn sour, when applied to milk or beer, Grose (1790') MS. rtflcl.
(H.) ; Bin 'e wur aprilled hours ago, Rock Jim an Nell (1867) 4.
Dev.' Why, the ale was worse ;— that was a-pnll'd, was maukish,
dead as dishwatter. pt. ii. 12.
[A- (pref?) + prilled, pp. oi prill, q.v.]
APRON, sb. Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also
written apern se.Wor.' w.Som.' [apran, a'pan.]
1. The diaphragm of an animal.
e.Yks.' n.Lin.' The inner fat of a pig and the fat of a goose
are called the pig-appern and the goose-appern. se.Wor.' Apern
or Apun, the midriff of a pig. e.An.' Apron, the cawl or omentum
of a hog. Dev. He drove his long brow-antlcr up to its hilt in
the hound's side ; and then, in withdrawing it, brought out that
portion of the interior known as ' the apron,' Memoir Russell
(1878) xiii.
2. The skin covering the belly of a roast duck or goose.
n.Lan.' Sus., Hnip. Apron, the flat, skinny covering of the body
of a goose or duck, Holloway. w.Soni.' The skin between the
breast-bone and the tail of a duck or goose when sent to table, is
called the apern.
3. The abdomen of the brachyurous . . . crtistaceans, as
crabs ; so called because it is folded under and closely
applied to the thorax (CD.).
Bnff.' e.Yks.' Appron, the hinge-like appendage of a crab's
shell.
4. A strip of lead on a chimney.
e.An.^The upper part of a chimney opening above the grate. Suf.
A piece of le.ad or zinc fastened to the front of a chimney where it
joins the roof to prevent the rain running down the chimney through
the roof (C.G.B.).
5. Coiiip. (i) Apron-man, a tradesman, a mechanic ;
(2) -piece, (3) -string farmer, see below ; (4) -string-
hold, property held in virtue of a wife ; (5) -trade,
women.
(i) n.Yks.2 (2) e.Lan.' Appron-piece, the front part of a fire-
range which supports the oven. (3) s.Wor. Apron string farmer,
an eiTeminate town-bred farmer(H.K.). (4)Hrt. A man being pos-
sessed of a house and large orchard by apron-string-hold, felled
almost all his fruit-trees, because he expected the death of his sick
wife, Ellis Mod. Hmb. (1750) VI. ii. 118. (5) Cor. Tha apurn-
traade oal petch'd to scraim, 7". 7"ozt)s<r (1873) 78.
[2. Apron of a goose, in popular language, the fat
skin which covers the belly, Bailey (1755). 4. The
aprons (of lead) round the chimney-stalks, Loudon, § 935
(N.E.D.). 5. You have made good work, you and your
apron-men, Shaks. Cor. iv. vi. 96; We answered the
apron-man (the wine-drawer), Rowley Search for Money,
1609 (Nares, s. v. Aperner). — The dial, form apern was
common in the i6th and 17th cents. Apernes of mayle.
Stow Survey, XIL 103 ; Scmiciiiclitim . . . Tablier, a womans
aperne. an artificers or handicraftsmans aperne, Noinen-
clalor (Nares).
APROPO, V. Som. To match, resemble.
w.Som.' Dhik'ee dhae-ur aa-breepoa'z muyn nuzaak-lee [that one
resembles, or matches, mine exactly]. I heard this spoken of a
canary. By no means uncommon.
[Fr. apropos, fitly, just pat (Cotgr.).]
APS, sb. War. Glo. Hrt. Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp. Wil.
Som. Dev. Cor. Also written apse Sur.' Sus.' limp.'
w.Som.' nw.Dev.'; eps Ken.' [aps, seps, aps.] Theaspen-
tree, Popiibis trennda. See Asp.
War. Aps, or Apse, the oldest form of asp or aspen. Gto.' Hrt.
Ellis Mod. Hiisb. (1750) VII. i. lor. Ken. May 7, 1787. For
32 feet Epps Timber at 10'' per foot jCi 65. 8rf., Phickley Overseers'
Ace. (P.M.) ; Eps, an asp tree (K.) ; Ken.' ; Ken.2 Sur.' A field in
Titsey parish is called the Apses field. Hmp.' Made out of apse
[made of aspen wood]. WiL' Always so called by woodmen. w.Som.'
The wind 've a blowed down a girt limb o' thick apse tree. nw.Dev.'
Hence Apsen, made of aps or aspen wood; comp.
Apsen-tree, the aspen.
Sus. They must be taken without the patient's knowledge . . . and
put into a hole in an apsen tree, Egerton Flks. and IVays (1884) 112.
Som. Jennings Dial. w.Exg. (1869). Cor.' Beveling [shivering]
like an apsen-tree.
[OE. aps, the aspen-tree (in Leechdoms and ALlfric
Gloss.)i\
APS, see Haps.
APSE, sb. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written aps. [aps.]
An abscess, tumour.
w.Som.' Her 've a got a apse 'pon her neck. Dev. N. & Q.
(1857) 2nd S. iii. 240. s.Dev. Yo\ Kin^shrid^e (1874'). Cor. Apse
is with us an evident corruption of abscess, N. & Q. (1O57) and
S. iii. 240.
[A corruption oi abscess.'\
APSE, int. Chs. Also written arpse Clis.'^; yaps,
yahpse, yeps s.Chs.' [yaps, yeps.] An exclamation of
surprise or reproof, as in phr. apse upon tliee !
Clis.' Apse upon thee ! or Arpse upon thee ! If a man took up a
piece of iron which he unexpectedly found was too hot to hold he
would, very likely, in dropping it, make use of the exclamation ;
Ctis.^ Apse, or Arpse upon thee I An exclamation often used in
scolding a child for some peccadillo ; like ' Out upon thee !' s.Chs.'
Yaps upon yo !
AP'T, adj. Irel. [apt.] Of persons : certain, sure.
Ir. They'll be apt to keep her in it all's one. Barlow hisconnel
(1893) 8; Ay, he's a terrible big man, isn't he? Apt to knock the
head off himself he'd be, if he was offering to come in at our door,
ib. 86. n.Ir. If you go out to-day you'll be apt to take cold. If you
cut the loaf that way you'll be apt to cut yourself (W.H.P.).
Hence Aptly, certainly, without fail.
Ant. Will you be drawing turf for me to-morrow? — I aptly will
(S.A.B.).
APTISH, fl<^'. Yks. [a-ptij.]
1. Skilful, useful, accurate.
n.Yks.'
2. Intelligent, quick-witted.
Yks. I have heard an old country schoolmaster speak of a lad
as an aptish pupil, but I do not fancy the word is generally known
(R. S.). n.Yks.' He's eptish at his book-lear ; n.Yks.*
\_Apt, prompt, ready to learn -1- -ish^
APTYCOCK. Dor. Cor. Also written aptcock.
[aeptikok, ae'pt-kok.] A clever little fellow.
Dor. I have heard ' aptcock ' ;T.C.P.). Cor.' Well done, my little
apticock ; Cor.*
{Apt, intelligent, quick-witted -f- -foc^, the well-known
suff. in surnames, as in Alcock, Badcock ; prob. fr. the
use of ' cock ' as a familiar term of appreciation for a man
who fights with pluck and spirit.]
A-PURPOSE
[67]
ARCHIE
A-PURPOSE,rt(/z/. Nhb.Wm.Lan.Oxf.Brks. [aparpas,
apapas.] On purpose, deliberately, with intention.]
Nhb.' He's deund aporpose to myek liissel leuk clivvor. Wm.'
Lan. O purpus fur to let foke get o seete on um, Okherod Ftlley
fro Rachde (1851) i; 'An accident done a-purpose,' chimed in
Mrs. Clowes. Banks Mancli. Man (1876) xiv. Oxf.' He done it
a-purpose, MS. add. Brks.* A drovv'd [threw] 1 down a-purposc.
[A-, on + purpose.']
APURT, adj. and adv. Som. Dev. [ap5t.]
1. adj. Sulky, sullen, disagreeable.
n.Dev. B'ant hur well, Nan ? Is our Nell apurt, RocKyi'"i an' Nil!
(1867) St. 55 ; Grose (1790) : Apurt, with a glouting look, A/o<///j/v
Mag. (1808) H. 421. Dev.i Bet. I can't go, zure. — Rab, Wuli,
verywull. — Bet. You bea-purtnow, pt. 1.9 ; ' Ot,' quotha to dame,
' glumping eet ? zo it sim you are a purt with your meat,' pt. ii. 13.
2. adv. In a sulky manner ; disagreeably.
w.Som.i Her tookt her zel off proper apurt, and no mistake.
nw.Dev.*
[A- iti-ep) +puri (to sulk), q.v.]
APURTED, ad). Dev. Sullen.
Dev. Thcj' only thought it was my ' appurted witherful develtry,'
as they called it, Madox-Brown Dzmic Blulli (1876) bk. iv. i.
[A- (pief. ^) +puyted, pp. oi purt, see above.]
AQUABOB, sb. Ken. An icicle.
Ken. Grose (1790); I have never heard this, and on inquiry
cannot hear of it ; it looks rather like a fabrication i^P.M .) ; Ken.^
AQUART, adv. Yks. Also written aquairt n.Yks.'^
[akwert, akwet.]
1. Across, athwart.
ne.Yks.i Used of motion across. T'bceos ran a-quart t'staggarth.
2. In a state of disagreement, at cross purposes.
n.Yks.' What, then, Marget an' her man hae getten aquart agen?
— A}', they's had another differing-bout ; n.Yks.'^ There's nought to
get aquairt about. w.Yks. (.^.B.)
[A-, on + quart, vb. (q.v.).]
AQUAT, adv.^ Dor. Som. Also written aquott.
[akwot.] In a squatting position.
w.Dor. Roberts Hist. Lyme Regis (1834). e.Som. Aquat, sit-
ting flat, like a bird on its eggs, W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.' Steed
o' tendin' the things, there was he a-quat down in by the vire [s.v.
Quat].
[A-, on + quat, vb. (q.v.).]
AQUAT, adv.'^ Dev. Also written aquot Dev.^
[akwot, akwa't.] Full to satiety.
Dev. 'Chave eat so much 'cham quit a-quot [I have eat so much
that I am cloyed], Ray(i69i). n.Dev. I mind an alkitole o't Avore
a month had gut a-quot, RocK Jim an' Ntll (^1867) st. 61 ; Aquott,
weary of eating, Grose (i79o\ Dev.^ Willee 'a zome moar tu ayte,
missis? — No thankee, vathcr, I be aquat now; purty nigh vit tu bust.
[A- (pref?)-vquat, adj. (q.v.).]
AQUEESH, ACQUEESH, see Atweesh.
AR, see Air, adj., Arr.
AR-. see Ear-.
ARAIN, ih. Dur. Yks. Lan. Der. Not. Also written
arran Dur.' n.Yks. ne.Yks.' w.Yks.' ne.l.an.'; aran
n.Cy. w.Yks.^; arrin Der.° nw.Der.'; arrand, arand,
arrant w.Yks. ; arrian w.Yks.'^ [arand, a'rant, a'ran,
a'rian.]
1. A spider, a cobweb.
n.Cy. Grose (1790). Yks. At public worship the composure
of a lady near him is much disturbed by an arrant, Hamilton
Nttgae Lit. (1B41) 316; Arran, the long legged outdoor spider
(S.P.U.). n.Yks. Sweep'th Arrans down ; till all be clean, neer
lin. Els he'l leauk all Agye, when he comes in, Meriton Praise Ale
(1684) 1. 437. w.Yks. Arran is used in this parish for spiders of
every size, Watson Hist. Hlfx. (1775") 531 ; You never heard of
Bruce, perhaps? — And th' arrand? Bronte Sl^irley{\%<^<).\^^, w.Yks.'
Thou hed as nice a lang waist as onny body, as slim an as smaw,
eigh, as an arran, ii. 297 ; An arran or an Espin leaf wad a flaid him
out of his wits, ib. ii. 306 ; w.Yks.234^ ne.Lan.' Der.' 'J'he word
arion was common in living memory, but has not been heard so
much of late years ; Der.^, nw.Der.' Not. Arain, used only for
the larger kind of spiders, Ray (1691). [According to correspon-
dents the word is now obs. in Notts.]
2. Comp. Arain-web, Aran-web, a cobweb.
N.Cy.', Dur.', n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.' Arran-web, rarely used. w.Yks.
It's better to be a bit blustcrin an rough an have summat to show
for it nor to caar in a comer wol th' arrand-wcbs stick to yu,
Hartley Clock Aim. (1896) 9 ; She had hair colour o' gowd, an'
fine and silky as an arran-web, Dixon Craven Dales (1881) 189;
w.Yks.3 The infection of some fevers would stop in an arrinwcb
for seven years ; w.Yks.*
[Arain, large spider, Coles (1677) ; Oure jeris as the
arane sail thynke . . . The erayn makes vayn webbes,
Hampole Ps. l.xxxix. 10; Oure jeris schulen bithenke as
an yreyn, Wyclif ib. ; Aranye or erayne, arauea.
Prompt. OFr. araigne [iraigiie), Lat. arauea, a spider.]
ARB-, see Herb-.
ARBITRARY, adj Hrf. Ken. Sur. Also written
arbitry Hrf. Ken.' [a'bitri.]
1. Independent, impatient of restraint.
Hrf. (W.W.S.) Sur.'
2. Hard ; grcedj', grasping.
Ken.i
AREOUR-TREE, see Harber.
ARBY-ROOT, same as Abbyroot, q.v.
ARC. see Ark, sb.^
ARCG, sec Argue.
ARCH. sA.' Sc. (Jam.) An aim. See Arch, v. 2.
Abd., Rxb.
ARCH, sb.^ Cor. Tech. A piece of ground left un-
worked near a shaft.
Cor. Mining Gl. (1852).
ARCH, V. Sc. Som. Cor. [eTtJ, atj.]
1. To make or cause to be convex.
w.Som.' Thick there road must be a-arched a good bit more eet,
vore the watcr'Il urn off vitty like.
2. To take aim, to throw or let fly any missile weapon
with a design to hit a particular object.
Sc. Shoot again, — and O see to airch a wee better this time,
Brownie of Bodsbcck, I. 155 (Jam.). Abd. Airch, to throw, is still in
use. It is [so called] from the curve described by a missile ^G.W.).
Rxb. (Jam.)
Hence Arched, ppl. adj. curved, convex, see 1 ;
Archer, sb. (Jam.), one who throws, see 2 ; Arching, adj.
convex, see 1.
Cor. The roads in a mine, when built with stones or bricks, are
generally arched level drifts. Mining Gl. (1852). Tech. The roads
in a mine, when built with stones or bricks, are sometimes called
arched level or arched ways, Weale Diet. Terms (1873;. Abd.
Archer, a marksman. w.Som.' He idn archin enough by ever so
much.
[OFr. archer (mod. arquer), to arch, to curve in the form
of a bow {arc) ; a deriv. oi arc]
ARCH, see Argh.
ARCHANGEL, sb. [akenjal.]
1. A name applied to several species of Dead Nettle
and allied plants : — (i) Laiitiuin album (Lei. Glo. Dev.);
(2) Lamiuin galeobdolon (Som.) ; (3) var. species of
Lamium (Glo.).
Glo.' Dev. The harmless nettle is here [Dartmoor] called arch-
angels. Bray Tamar and Tavy {tt<\. 1879 1. 274 ; Dev.* w.Som.'
Archangel, the 3'ellow nettle, often called weazel snout. [Our
English archangels and a few others are yellow, Comh. Mag. (Jan.
1882) ]
2. Red Archangel, Lamium purpureuDi (Nrf ) ; Yellow
Archangel, Lamium galiobd()lu)i (Lei.).
[Archangel, the name of a plant, called also Dead
Nettle, Johnson ; Archangel (dead nettle), Lamium. Coles
(1679) ; Ortie blanche, the herb Archangel, Blind Nettle,
Dead Nettle. Ortie puaiite,a kind of Archangel that smells
most filthily, Cotgr. ; Lamium allium, White Archangel!.
Lamium luteuiii, Yellow Archangcll. Lamium rubruiit,
Red Archangell, Gerarde (cd. 1633) 702; Dcti'e ncttylle,
Arcluiugelus, Prompt. ; Arcluvigelica, the blynd nctel,
Wright Voc. 565. 15.]
ARCHES, sb. pi. Tech. The first ' bungs of saggers,'
or piles of clay boxes containing ware put into the
oven.
Tech. In the pottery trade arches are the bungs which stand
nearest to the fire and between the fire-holes or mouths, Lab.
Gl. (1B94).
ARCH-HOLE. sb. Cum.
Cum.' Arch-whol, a vent-hole in the wall of a barn.
ARCHIE, see Urchin.
K 2
ARCHILOWE
[68]
ARGH
ARCHILOWE. 5*. Sc. Also written -logh. The return
which a guest, who has been previously treated, makes
to the tavern company.
Sc I propose that this good gentleman . . . shall send for a tass o'
brandy, and I'll pay for another by way of archilowe, Scott Rob
Jioy ^i&if: xxviii. Lth.. s.Sc. When [the guest] calls for the bottle
he is said to give them his archilagh (.Jam.).
[It is prob. that this word contains Du. gelag, share,
scot, score at a tavern. Cp. Gelach, a shot or a score,
Hexham.]
ARD, adj. n.Cy. [erd.] Of land : dry, arid, parched,
used of soil on high-lying land.
N.Cy.i Aird. Cum. Gl. ^1851) ; Cum.i*
ARDAR, sb. Obs. Cor. A plough.
Cor.i2
[ACeltic Cornish word, prob. der.fr.Lat.ara/r«>M, plough,
cogn. w. Gael, ar, plough, and Goth, arjan. to plough.]
ARDENT, adj. used as sb. Sc. [eTdsnt.] Whisky.
Bnff.i Will j'e tack a glass o' wine ? — Na ; a'U tack a drop o' the
ardent.
[Cp. phr. ardent spirits, in which ardent refers to their
fierj- taste.]
ARDER, sb. usually pi. The n. counties, e. and s.Cy.
(Ray) Sus. (K.) Also written ader Dur. n.Yks. ; aither
N.Cy.i n.Yks.12 e.Yks. ; ather N.Cy.' Nhb.' n.Yks.^
[e'6ar, a'tSar.]
1. A ploughing, esp. the fallowing of vacant land.
n.Cy. Arders, fallowings or plowings of ground, Ray (1691^.
n.Yks.* I believe the meaning to be restricted to the ploughing or
furrowing. e.Yks. The first or second aither ; the same as ' airth '
of some places, and ' earth ' of others, Marshall if k^. Ecoii. ^1788).
Sus. :K.). s. & e.Cy. Ray 11691'. (Obs. Not known bj- an}- of our
correspondents in these parts of the country.) [Worlidge Sys/.
Agric. \i68i).]
2. Fallow or ploughed land.
Cum. Arden [sic\ fallow quarter, Gl. (iSji). m.Yks.i Aither,
furrowed ground. e.Yks. When we come to sowe olde ardure,
Best Rur. Ecoit. (1641 132.
3. Lands divided according to the crops they bear in the
customarj' rotation ; hence, the order or rotation of crops
in husbandry.
n.Cy. Aither, a course of cropping, or portion of the rotation,
Morton Cycl. Agric. ^i863'i ; N.Cy.* In husbandry the arders are
the divisions of tillage land set apart for regular courses of crops
in successive years. Nhb.* Before the commons enclosures, the
tillage land was divided into ' fields.' Each field consisted of a
great number of scattered strips or ' 3'ard lands.' The ' East field,'
' West field,' 'North field.' iic, represented groups of diflerent
freeholds — each owner having yard lands in all the * Athers,' or
' fields.' The object of this was to arrange for a rotation of crops.
Thus, the East field being fallow, the West field would be under
oats, the North field under wheat, and so on in annual rotation.
Obs. Dur. What is here called four aders, viz. wheat, clover, oats,
and fallow, /?(•/'. Agric. Sitrv. ^1793-1813!. n.Yks.^ Arders, partsof
a field. ' A field in aithers.' These words signify portions set
apart for different growths, as 'an aither of wheat,' 'an aither of
beans.'
4. Thickness of soil to work among.
n.Yks. Soil laid on a field macks mair ader fLW.).
[1. Arders, the fallowings or ploughings of ground,
Kersey ; Arders, fallowings or ploughings. Coles ( 1677) ;
Who can expect to reap much from a single ardour,
or once ploughing? Robinson Treat. Faith (1688) 117
(N.E.D.). Prob. ON. arilr, plough.]
ARDSREW, sb. Nhb. Also written erdsrew.
[erd-sriu.] The common shrew-mouse. See Harvest-
row.
Nhb.i
ARDUR, sb. Obs. Cor. A ploughman.
Cor. I
[A Celtic Cornish word; cp. W. arddwr, 'arator,
agricola ' iDavies). See Arder.]
ARE, see Ear, v.
AREADY, adj. Som. [aredi.] Ready.
w.Som.i I was most aready to drop gin I come tap the hill [s.v. A].
[Thenne was ich a-redy To lye and to loury, P. Plowman
fc.) VII. 97 ; I am aredy ... to reste with 50W euere, ib. (b.)
IV. 192. A- (pref.^) + ready, cp. yredie, Horn. (c. 1250) 239.]
AREAR, adv.^ Ken. [3ria(r).] Reared up, upright.
Ken. To stand arear ^K.) ; Arear, Arere : much used in certain
districts, not all over the county (A.M.) ; Ken.'
[A-, on + rear, vb.]
AREAR, adv.^ Obs. Der. Backward, behind.
nw.Der.*
[But when his force gan faile his pace gan wex areare,
Spenser F. Q. hi. vii. 24 ; Thanne gan he go . . . Som
tyine asyde and som tyme a-rere, P. Plowman(c.) vii. 405.
OFr. anre (mod. arriere).]
AREAR, int. Cor. Also written areah Cor.^
1. An exclamation of surprise. See Arrah.
Cor. Arrear then Bessy ly aloane the backy, Cornwall: A
Western Eclogue, in Gent. Mag. (1762'! 287 ; Arrere, Grose (1790)
MS. add. (C.) ; ' Arreah ! thon,' replied Mrs. Brown ; ' that's the
way the maggot do jump, es et ? ' Forfar Wizard (,1871) 8;
Cor.2 Arear ! Oh, strange ! wonderful !
2. Comp. Axrea-faa.
Cor.t
AREAWT, see Arout.
AREND, V. Sc. [grand.] To rear.
Flf. [The horse] arendit, he stendit. He flang an' he fara'd, MS.
Poems (Jam.) ; I asked ' a Fifer' if he knew what an arend horse
was. ' A rearer,' he replied, ' because he is in danger of falling back
o'er end ' iCW.).
ARESS, see Hairif.
AREST, V. Yks. [are'st.] To grant rest.
n.Yks. God a-rest you, merry gmtlemcn, Tweddell Clevcl.
RhytJies ^ 18751 6.
[A- (pre/}°) + rest, vb.]
ARF, see Argh.
ARFAL, see Arval.
ARFISH, adj. Nhb. Dur. Yks. [eTfiJ.]
L Timid, fearful, apprehensive.
N.Cy.* I'm rather arfish about that, Nhb.* Yen's rether airfish
aboot eet. Dur.* n.Yks.2 I felt arfish i' t'dark. ne.Yks.' Ah
felt a bit arfish. e.Yks. Marshall Rur. Econ. (17881. w.Yks.
Harfish, timid, as horses on bog-land, Hamilton Nugae Lit. (1841)
356 ; Mither, I'se arfish, Lucas Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) 230.
2. Unwilling, reluctant.
Nhb.* e.Yks.* He's nobbut very arfish to begin.
[Arf+-ish. See Argh, rtrt)',]
ARG, adj. Sh.L [arg.] Eager, fierce.
Sh.I. Arg is used regularly in Isle of Foula in the sense of keen,
very anxious (equiv. to ' aber ' in the North Isles) (J.J,). S. &Ork.*
[ban. arg, wicked, bad ; cp. G. arg.']
ARG, see Argue.
ARGAN, see Organ.
ARGE, see Argue.
ARGERIE, sb. Sh.L [a'rgari.] A crowd, multitude.
Sh.I. * Argerie ' I take to be the right form and not * angorie ' ;
I have heard the former (although ver}- rarely, but not the
latter. Argerie is rather a derogative word ^mob, rabble) (J.J.).
S. & Crk.*
ARGH, adj. and adv. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lin. Also
in Sus. Also written (a)arf N.Cy,'= n.Yks.*^ ne.Yks.'
m. Yks.* w.Yks. Lin.* ; arfie n. and e.Yks. w.Yks,*; airf
Nhb.*; erf Sc. ; earfe Nhb.* Dur.; awf e.Yks.* ; arth
Nhb.*; airth N.Cy.' Nhb.' n.Yks.*; airgh, ergh, erch,
arch, airch Sc. ; au2h Bnft.*; arrow Abd. ; yar Sus.
[af, erf, erf>, erx, ara.]
1. adj. Timorous, apprehensive, afraid.
Sc In kittle times when foes are yarring We're no thought
ergh, Beattie To Mr. A. Ross, in Hetenore (1768I 3, ed. 1812 ;
And fearfu' will it be to me, I'm erch, or a' be o'er, Jamieson Pop.
Ballads (1806) Donul and Evir. Bnff.* Abd. I have an eargh
kind of feeling on hearing the owls i.G.W.^. N.Cy.' He was airth
to do it ; N.Cy.2, Nhb.*, Dur. (K.) n,Yks. I'se varra arfe, Shee'l
put, and rive my ood Prunella Scarfe, Meriton Praise Ale (1684)
1. II ; n.Yks.' ; n.Yks. 2 I was airth o" gannin. ne.Yks.' Rooads is
seea slaap ah's arf o' travellin'. ni.Yks.* w.Yks. ' Ise arf to do
it,' generally implies difficulty, Lucas Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) ;
w.Yks.* Lin.* I'm arf you've hurted the bunny. It's nobbud the
soldiers come to defend the ' old women,' who are arf. Sus.' *
2. Hesitating, reluctant, ' swithering.'
Buff.' Abd. An' rogues o' Jews, they are nae arrow, Wi' tricks
fu' sly, Anderson Poems (1813 116 1 Jam.) ; Ye're ergh to file
your fingers [unwilling to work] (G.W.). Fif., Lth. Erf to do
ARGH
[69]
ARGUE
anything (Jasi.\ Mib.' A condition of mind in which it is neces-
sary to proceed wHth great caution. n-Yks.' e.Tks.' Arf, unwilling;
indisposed ; disinclined. m-Yks.', w.Yks.'
3. Scanty, insufficient. Cf. 4.
Lth. Ye hae na made the line of that side o' the road straight ;
it juts out there, and here it is ergh (Jam.). Slk. Airgh, hollow ;
used when anything is wanting to makeup the level ib.,. Rxb. M>.)
4. adv. Insufficiently, not fully or enough ; nearly,
approaching to.
Lth. I canna eat that meat ; it's ergh boiled. That meat's airch
dune. Rxb. What time is it! — It's erfe twal o'clock JJau.).
[L Arghe, ptisillanimis, Calh. Angl. ; Ar\ve or ferefuUe,
tintidus, pavidus, Prompt.; If Elinus be argh and oumes
for ferde, Dest. Troy, 2540; His hert arwe as an hare,
R. Glouc. 457. 2. A ! lorde, I trj-mble )>er I stande, So
am I arow to do (>at dede, York Plays, 176. OE. earh
(earg), cowardly ; cp. ON. argr, G. and Dm. arg.]
ARGH. V. Sc. Also written arch, ergh. erf. [eTX, erf.]
To be timid, fearful, to feel reluctant from timidity, to
hesitate.
Sc. I airghit at keuillyng withe him in that thrawart haughty
mood, Wint. Ev. Tales, II. 41 (Jam. ; Argh, to dread, quake or
tremble with fear {ib. Suppl. . Lnk. Dear Jenny, I wad speak
t'ye, wad ye let ; An' yet I ergh, ye're ay sae scomfu' set, Ramsay
Gentle Shtp. (1725 71, ed. 1783.
[Yet when I had done all I intended, I did ergh to let
it go abroad at this time for sundry reasons, B.aillie Lett,
i^ns) I- 367 U'^*'-) ; penne ar3ed Abraham, and all his
mod chaunged, AUii. P. (b.) 713. OE. eargian (ergian), to
be timid.]
ARGHNESS, sb. Sc. Yks.
1. Timidity, superstitious fear.
Abd. An erghness creeps over me in going through a churchyard
by night G.W.).
2. Reluctance, unwillingness.
Sc. We must regret their archness to improve such an oppor-
tunity, WoDRow Hist. Ch. Scotland 1721 ) I. xxxii. n.Yks. They
bad some arfness about starting wark I.W.).
[Arghnes, ^MSi//<j>(i»;iVas, Cath.Angl.; Arjnesse alse me
thynkth ys hard, Fore hit maketh a man a coward, MS.
in Hall. Argh. adj. + -«<'ss.]
ARGIE-BARGIE, sb. Sc. (Jam.)
Rnf.. Ayr.. Lnk. .\rgie-bargie, a contention, quarrel.
ARGIE-BARGIE, v. Sc. Also written arguy-bargny.
To argue, bandy words, dispute.
Frf. I'se nae time to arg\--bargj- wi' ye. Da\-it, Barrie Lidit
(1885 35, ed. 1893. Fif. Jam.1 Gall. It was no time to argie-
bargie about words and sa^nngs. Crockett Raiders ^1894) xv.
Hence Arguy-barguying, vbl. sb.
Sc. There was eternal arguy-barguyin' about this plea, Roy
Horseman U695, xxxix.
ARGISOME, adj. Lin. Nhp. Bck. [a'gisam.] Con-
tentious, inclined to argue or dispute.
n.Lin. A argisum bairn maks a awk'ud man (M.P.) ; nXia-i It's
the argisumist bairn I iver did see. Nhp.* n.Bck. (A.C
[Argue, \h. + -so»ie. For suff. cp. handsome, winsome.]
ARGLE, sb. Lin. [agl.] An argument, a dispute.
sw.Lin. My wife and she had a bit of an argle about it ^R.E.C.).
[See Argle, v.]
ARGLE, V. Der. Lin. War. Wor. Also written argal
se.Wor.' ; argel Lin. [a'gl.]
L To argue, dispute, contend, esp. in making a bargain ;
to argle out, to have the last word with one's opponent in
an argument
Lin. They argell'd for awhile, at last He thirteen for a shilling
got, Brown Lit. Laur. (1890) 74. n.Lio. Thaay stood an' argled
a peace. Peacock Tales and Rhymes (1886) 90 ; n.Lin.* Come
maister, it's no use to argle. se.Wor.' Er argald me out, as jxur
new shawl was blue, un it's green now, yunt it?
2. Hence Argling, vbl. sb.
Der. 2, nw.Der.' n-Lin. 1 thowt she'd a' bitten me wi' real down
force o' arglein'. Peacock J. Markenfield ',1874) I. 135; nXin.'
What's the good o' arglein' about what folks is worth. War.
a-R.w.-)
[I will never stand argling the matter any more, Hay
any Work (1589), ed. 1844, n (N. E.D.J. A perversion ol
argue, vb., fr. the influence of freq. vbs. in -le.]
ARGLE-BARGLE, sb. Lin. An argument CC
argie-bargie.
nXin.'
ARGLE-BARGLE, v. Sc. Lin. A frequentative of
argie-bargie, q.v.
Per. Ye maist needs set him up tae arglebargle «n' a stranger
minister at the Free Kirk, Ias Maclaren Brier Bush 1895 214.
Ayr. It's of no use to argolbargol wi' me, Galt Sir Andrew 1833)
xii. Lnk. But 'tis a daihn to debate. And aurgle-bargin with our fate,
Ramsey (1727) 1.335, ed. 1800 Jam.). Lth. Jam.) Edb.Meandthe
minister were just argle-bargling some few words on the doctrine of
the camel and the eye of the needle, MoiR Mansit Wauch (i8a8)
45. nXin.'
Hence (i) Argle-bargler, sb. a caviller, contentious
person; (2) Argle-barging, -bargUng, vbl.sb.
(i) Ayr. As the arglebarglers in the House of Parliament have
threatened, Galt Legatees 1820 iv. 2 After no little argol-
bargling with the heritors, >i. -4 ««. /ViniA 1821 vii. eXth. Let's
hae nae mair argle-bargin'. Hunter J. Inwici 1895"! 39. £db.
James and me, after an hour and a halfs argle-bargling pro and con,
MoiR Mansie IVauch ^1828 xi.
[A reduplicated rhvming form oi argle. vb.]
ARGOLBARGOLOUS, adj. Sc Quarrelsome, con-
tentious about trifles (Jam.).
Ayr. No doubt his argol-bargolous disposition was an inherit
accumulated with his other conquest ot wealth from the mannerless
Yankies Galt Pmvost ^1822 194.
ARGOSEEN, sb. .' Obs. Sc. (Jam.) Unknown to any
of our correspondents. The lamprey.
Ayr. Argoseen, the lamprey, according to the old people.
ARGOSIE, s6. Obs. Sh.1. Anger.
S.& Ork.i
ARGUE, sb. Sc. Stf. Der. Shr. [aTgi, agi] Also
written argy Stf* nw.Der.* Shr.'*
L Argument, assertion : dispute, contention, quarrel.
n-Sc He is said to keep his ain argie. who. whatever be said to
the contrary, still repeats what he has formerly asserted. Cf ' to
keep one's ain threap 'Jam. . Stf.* We'd a ret good argy about th'
state of church last net nw.Der.' Shr.' Argue, m. We' ad'n a fine
argj' "bout it, 'im an' me ; Shr.* Getting into an argy.
{Argue, vb., used as sb.]
ARGUE, i: In gen. dial. use. Also written argy Xhb.'
Cum.'3 Wm.' Chs.' n.Lin.' War.* Shr.' Brks." Sur.
nw.Dev.' Cor.*; argie Sc. Lan. ; argay N.I.' : arg Nhp.*
War.* Hrf.»* Glo.' Oxf.' Sus.' Hmp. Wil.' Dor. w.Som.'
Cor.'*; arge Glo.; arcg Cor. (^Grose, C.) ; erger, erg
Pern. [aTgi, e rgi, a-gi, ag.]
1. To contend in words, often with a strong sense of
contradiction involved ; hence, to dispute, wrangle ; to
arg out, to get the last word in an argument ; cf. down-
arg.
Rnf., Ayr.. Lnk. Ye'll argie ither fra mom ti' nicht ; ye're never
done wi't 'Jam. Suppl.^. Ni' You would argay the black crow
white. Nhb.' Cum.^ I know hoo you mak o' fwok argies. 132,
Wm.' e.Yks. .\h sudn't begin to arguy wiv him. Wray iXestleloH
(1876) 69. n-Lan.' Tourist: 'It's a fine morning.'— Rustic :' Why,
dud I say it wosn't ! dus' ta want to argie ! ' Chs.' He argid till he
wur black i' th' face. n.Lin.' Nhp.* Them two be ollas argin.
War.* Don't argy so. You'd arg anybody out o' their wits.
se.Wor.' Shr.' It dunna si'nify talkin' ; I 'ale to 'ear folks argy
throm momin' till night about nuthin'. Hrf.' * He would arg me
that it was so. s.Pem. Laws Little Eng. (i888^ 420 ; From momin'
to night he's ergin' av her, Brown Hai'erfordwe^l 11882! 56. Glo.
Well, then they arged for iver so long, Bl'CKMAs Darte's Sojourn
(1890"! ii ; Glo.' Oxf I teld'n 'twas, but a ai^'d 1 out "t«-asn't
(An argument is seldom more than a succession of statements and
flat contradictions; as, ' I knows 'tis'; • I knows chent') Brks.'
Snr. Well I can't argj- it. not being a scholard, Jennings Field
Paths ^,I884^ 137; Sur.' Sns.' These chapelfolks always u-ants
to arg. Hmp. They'd harg me out o' my Christian name J.R.W.).
Wil.' Dwoan't 'ee arg at I like that! I tell 'ee I zeed 'un ! wJ)or.
Roberts Hist. Lyme Reg. ^ 18341. w.Som.' He wanted vor t'arg
how I 'adn agot no right vor to go there, but I wadn gwain vor to
be a downarg by he. n.Dev. Lord. dame, doant agg an' argy
zo. Rock Jim an Aell (1867 st 6; nwj>ev.' Cor.' He's all'ays
ready to argee ; Cor.*
2. To be of weight or account in an argument ; hence,
i to signify.
1 Com. See how blue the sky is. —That doesn't argy. It might be
ARGUFICATION
[70]
ARK
better with never a blenk of blue, Caine Hagar{ieQi) I. 45 ; Cum.i
It doesn't argy. n.Dev. Ott dith et argy, Dame, to roil. Rock Jim
an Nell (1867) st. 82.
3. To show-testiness, be ill-tempered, or contentious ; to
be self-willed.
Sus. To arg, to want one's own way. Don't arg, don't be cross
(G.A.W.^.
4. To grumble.
Som. G.A.W.)
Hence Arging, vbl. sb. and ppl. adj. arguing.
Der.=, War.2
[1. I'll arg, as I did now, for credance againe, Heywood
Spider fir' Flie (Nares) ; Quath Actyf \o al angryliche
and argueynge as hit were, What is pouerte pacient ?
P. Plowman (c.) xvii. 115.]
ARGUFICATION, sb. Nhp. Shr. Hrf. [agifike'Jsn.]
1. Dispute.
Shr.=
2. Significance, import.
Nhp. 1 There's no argufication in that. Hrf.i Of no argufication.
3. Investigation. ? Obs.
Shr.2 [Not l^nown to our correspondents.]
[Deriv. from argufy, q.v., with suff. -ation, after the
analogy oi signification from signify?^
ARGUFY, V. In gen. dial. use. Also written argify
Wm.i w.Yks.2 Chs.' Stf.* Lin. War.^ se.Wor.> Glo.' Bdf.
Nrf. Ken. Sun' Sus.' Dor. w.Som." Dev.' nw.Dev.' ;
arguify Sus.° ; argeefy Con' ; arguefy Ess. Som. See
below. [aTgifai, a'gifai, a'gifoi.]
1. To argue, dispute; to wrangle.
Gall. But we talked to him an' argufied wi' him, Crockett Popish
Parson (1896). Ir. You might as well be argufyin' wid a scutty-
wren. Barlow Lisconnel (1895) 151. Wm.', n.Yks.' w.Yks.'
Wheniwer I've argified wi' em, ii. 319 ; w.Yks. ^ Lan. Hoo's a
rare un fur gab when hoo taks th' notion, an' I'm noan so mich
i' th' humour t'argufy mysen to-day, Burnett Loivrie's (1877) ii.
Chs.' What, tha wants for t'argify, dost ta ? Stf.2 Oi wunnar
argifoi wi ya, mester, bar oim sartin oim reit. Not ', n.Lin.i, Lei.'
Nhp.' Don't argufy with me any longer. War. (J.R.W.) ; War.23
Shr.' It's no use yo' to argufy, for yo'n never mak me believe to the
contrairy. Glo. I be'unt the man to argify with 'e about a body,
GissiNG Both of this Parish (1889) I. 19. Hnt. (T.P.F.) Ken.
My poor old aed's dat addle I can' argify, not no sheap ! Ef erra won
6v my little uns want to argify [dispute my authority] I jest gin
'im a tidy spat, an' dat shets 'im up an' done wid it! (A.M.) Sus.2
s.Hmp. Well, we needn't argufy it, Verney L. Lisle (1870) viii.
w.Dor. Rot«ERTs //ts^. Lyme Reg. (i834\ Som. Jennings Ois. Dial.
w.Eng. (1825). w.Sora.' Tuur'ubl fuulur t-aargifuy, ee oa'n
niivur gee ee-n [terrible fellow for arguing, he will never give in].
More frequentative than ' arg.' Dev. 'Tidden no use tii argify no
longer.^I tellee 'tez, then, an' there's an end o't! Hewett Peas. Sp.
(1892 I ; Dev.', nw.Dev.', Cor.' [Amer. Bartlett.]
2. To prove, be of weight as an argument ; hence, to
signify.
Wm.' e.Yks.l That ahgifyes nowt. w.Yks.', neXan.', Not.'
n.Lin. It duzn't argify what foaks says. I mean to ware my awn
addlin's just as I like (M.P.); n.Lin.' It duzn't argyfy what his
faayther was es long es he's a punct'al man. Lei.' That doon't
argifoy nothink. Nhp.' What does that argufy? War. (J.R.W.),
War.3, se.Wor.' Shr.2 Whod argufies a haggling a thisn. Hrf.2
It does not argufy. What thee says don't argufy. Glo.' ; Glo.'' It
don't argufy. Brks.' What a chap like that ther zes dwoant argivy
nothun'. Bdf. It argifies nothing [it is a matter of no consequence],
B\icyir.i.OK Anal. Eug. Lan. {i&og\ Hnt. (T.P.F.) e.An.' What
does that argufy ? Ess. Month. Mag. (1814") I. 498. Sur.' It don't
argify much which way you do it. Sus.' I do'ant know as it argi-
fies much whether I goos to-day or whether I goos to-morrow ;
Sus.2, Hmp.' CoUoq. What argufies sniv'ling and piping your eye?
DiBDiN Poor Jack (c. 1800) 2, ed. 1864. [Amer. Bartlett.]
Hence (i) Argufying, i;W. sb. disputing, arguing; (2)
Argufyment, sb. an argument, dispute.
(I) Ir. .She admonished her friends to come in wid themselves and
nevermind argufying, Barlow Idylls (1892') loi. n.Yks.' He's
ower fond o' argufying; n.Yks.^ 'Nrf. It's no use argifying with
a vvumman. Spilling Molly Miggs (1873') 13. [Amer. I listen to a
preacher, and try to be better for his argufying, Bartlett.] (2) Ir.
Folks risin' argyfyments about blathers and nonsinse. Barlow
Idylls (1892) 197 ; I believe they'd raise an argufyment about the
stars in the sky, ib. 180.
[1. I have no learning, no, not I, Nor do pretend to
argufy. Combe Dr. Synta.x, II. v ; For my peart, measter,
I can neither see nor hear, much less argufy, when I'm
in such a quandery, Smollett Sir L. Greaves, viii.
Argue, vb. -f-/v', prob. fn assoc. with signify^
ARGY, sb. Shn Mtg. [a-gi.] An embankment to
protect low-lying waterside meadows from floods.
Shr.' A place near Kinnersley— a raised bank with a plantation
of poplars and other trees, having a small brook, the ' strine,' on
one side, and a ditch on the other — is called by the people of that
neighbourhood 'the argy'; Shr.^ Argy, an embankment betwixt
Melverly and Llanymynech, which was constructed as a pro-
tection against the overflowings of the Severn. ... It is five feet
across the top, and varies from ten to twenty feet in height above
the average level of the meadows on the waterside. Mtg. The
argy extends along the Severn from Pool Quay to Melverly, and
unless it gives way, the adjoining meadows are preserved by it
from beingswamped when the Severn is in flood (J.S.L.).
[W. argae, a stoppage, a dam.]
ARIGHT, adv. Sc. n.Yks. [sri'xt, arit.] Rightly.
Sc. His hame Pegasus, held wi' straw-raip reins, Aye jogged
aricht an' kept his name frae stains, Allan Lilts (1874) 142. Gall.
He was aware that all men did not act aright on every occasion,
Crockett Stickit Min. (1893) 12. n.Yks. An ondersteead areet,
Castillo Poems (1878) 52.
{A-, on-l- right, sb.]
ARIGHT, V. Lan. [arl't.] Of a boat : to right, to
cause to recover its proper position.
Lan. Heard at Liverpool l,F.H.).
[A vbl. use oi aright, adv.]
ARISE, adv. Nhp. [arai's.] Crosswise.
Nhp.' A square piece of wood cut diagonally would be said to be
* cut a-rise.'
[This is the same word as arris, q.v. ; for the advb. use
cp. arris-wise, so as to present a sharp edge, diagonally,
ridge-wise (N.E.D.).]
ARISH, see Arris, Arrish.
ARK, si.' Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf.
Den Lin. Also in Hrt. Also written airk Cum.'; aire
Nhb.' [erk, ark, ak.]
1. A receptacle, usually a large wooden chest, made to
contain flour, corn, fruit, clothes, &c.
Sc. My auldest brither Sandy was a" but smoored in the meal ark
hiding frae thae limmers. Chambers Po/>. i?/rv»;tfs( 1870) 72; Good-
wife gae to your butcer ark, And weigh us here ten mark, ib.
168 ; What are we to eat ourselves . . . when we hae sent awa
the haill meal in the ark and the girnel ? Scott Old Moiiality {1816)
xix. Lnk. He had an old meal ark before him as a table, Fraser
IVhaiips (1895' viii. N.Cy.' ^ Nhb.' A meal ark is still the name given
to a meal-chest in country places. Arks were made of oak, and con-
tained the family dresses. The front was often ornamented with
carved borders and joined with wooden pins. Cum.* A meal ark.
Wm. [Black arks] are often used as repositories for haver cakes,
Dcnhayn Tracts (ed. 1895) II. 96 ; We liae baith meal en maut ith
ark, Wheeler i5;'fl/. (1790') 40; A think he'd hcd his heead i'tmeeal
ark, Clarke 5/>«c.£>/a/. (1868} 16, ed. 1877; Wm.' Yks. The black
ark was a ponderous piece of oaken furniture about six feet in
length and three in depth ; the inside was usually divided into
two parts [formerly used to hold clothes, now flour, &c.]. If you
go to the black-ark, bring me out x mark. Ten mark, x pound,
throw it down upon the ground, Hagmena Song in Denham Tracts
(ed. 1895) II. 96. n.Yks.2 Meeal-ark, or meeal-kist, the flour bin.
Formerly seen as a fixture in large old farm-houses, built of stone
slabs on the ground-floor. ne.Yks.' Obs. e.Yks. Ark, a sort
of moveable granary, Marshall Piir. Econ. (1788}. m.Yks.i
w.Yks. Grose 11790) MS. add. (P.); A meal-ark, clothes-ark
fJ.T.) ; w.Yks.' Meol, at I fetch'd out o't ark, ii. 300 ; w.Yks.^^*
Lan.' Apple arks, Hir.soN Goiion Hist. Recorder ^I852) 12;
She had secreted a small quantity of tea in her meal ark, ib. 14.
Go an treyd t'meal into th' ark. ne.Lan.' Chs.' The chest in
which oats are kept in a stable is always called a ' curn-ark ' ; Chs.^
Ark, formerly called a standard ; a flour ark. These arks are
often elaborately carved, and sometimes contain secret drawers,
s. Chs.' A compartment in a granary. Often called ' curn-ark.' Sd.'
A large oblong box or chest, divided into compartments, generally
two, for keeping corn, meal, &c. Goo an fatch me a hantle u corn
out uth' ark. Der. Just get off o' that ark. . . . She lifted up the
great carved lid, Vernev Stone Edge '^1868) ii; Der.'; Der.' Ark,
ARK
[71]
ARM
a chest ; hence the name of Arkwriglit. nw.Der.' n.Lln. Obs. or
obsol. (E.P.) ; n.Hn.' Apple-ark, Ark. Hrt. Ellis Cy. Hsu/. (1750).
[Ark, a country word for a large chest to put fruit or
corn in. Kersey ; An ark, a large chest to put iViiit or corn
in, WoRLiDGE Sys/. Affiic. {1681) ; Coffre, a cotter, chest,
hutch, ark, Cotgr. ; Quen this corn to the kniht was said
He did it in an arc to hald, Melr. Hoin. (c. 1325) 141.
OE. earc, Lat. nrca.]
ARK, 5A.2 Rut. Hrf Ess. Also written arc Hrf"
Ess. [ak.] Clouds in lines converging to two points on
opposite parts of the sky. See Noah's ark.
Rut' They say when you see the hark it mostly tokens rain.
Hrf. Bound Prov. (1876); Hrf.' A mare's-tail cloud; Hrf.= Seen
in the morning and evening only on rare occasions. Found only
in Upton Bishop among very old people. Ess. The ark uorn'tout,
no clouds appear'd, Clark y. Noakes (1839) 11 ; Gl. (1851); Ess.'
ARK, sb.^ Sc. The masonry in which the water-
wheel of a mill moves.
Abtl. This name is in common use (W.M.). Per. At the foot of
the ark, where the water leaves the wheel, we used to be certain
of trouts when guddling 1 G. W.V
ARL, sh. Won Shr. Hrf. Rdn. GIo. Also written
orl s.Wor.> Shr.'' Hrf.= Rdn. Glo.' ; aul Hrf.' ; harrul Glo.'
[al, 61.]
1. 'Ihe aider, Aliuis ghitiitosa.
w.Wor.', s.Wor.' Shr.^ Orl, exclusively confined to Hrf. side.
Hrf.' When the bud of the aul is as big as the trout's eye Then that
fish is in season in the river Wye ; Hrf.^ Rdn. Morgan IVds
(1881). Glo.' The berries of [the arl or orle] are used medicinally
for boils and gatherings. A quart of berries is stewed in two or
three quarts of water and simmered down to three pints. A little
more liquorice is added to give an agreeable flavour. The dose is
a wineglassful in the morning.
2. Coiiip. Arl-timber, the wood of the alder, also attrib.;
-tree. -wood.
Hrf. Tlie gardener says the wood is called arl-timber (S.S.B.V
Glo. Orle-timber, coppice wood, border wood (H T.E.) ; The maid
servant from the Cotswolds says that certain trees are known as orl-
timber trees, and when cut down are known as orl-timber. She
says the alder is not called orl-tree. but orl-timber tree (.S.S.B.).
Hrf. Arl-tree (iA.\ Glo. Orl-wood, the timber of the alder (16.).
ARLE, V. Sc. n.Irel. Nhb. Yks. Also written earle
Yks. ; yearl Nhb.' ; airle N.I.' [erl, yerl, al.]
1. To bind by paj'ment of money, to give earnest-money
as ' clincher' to a bargain, to engage for service, secure.
Sc. Arle, to put a piece of money into the hand of a seller, at
entering upon a bargain, as a security that he shall not sell to
another, while he retains the money (Jam.). Per. Are you feed,
lassie?— Yes, I was erled an hour ago (G.W.). N.I.' Nhb. Aw
move that when wor Vicar dees, the place for him be arid. Oliver
ioffl/ 5»^5. (1824)9 ; Nhb.' What did the misses arle ye wi ?— She
ga' me two shillin'. Yks. To arle or earle a bargain, to close it.
Grose (1790) MS. add. (P.)
Hence Arling, nbl. sb.
Per. The custom of arling is common here (G.W.).
2. To earn.
w.Yks.'^
3. Ironically : to beat severely, cf. arles, 3.
Bnff.'
[She arled him for her groom, bridegroom, She arlcd
him for her groom, Broom, Green Broom (Nhb.'). Deriv.
of ar/es, sb. (q.v.).]
ARLES, sb. Sc. Irel. and all the n. counties to Lan. and
Lin. Also written airles N.I.' ; arls w. Yks.* ; alls N.Cy.' ;
erles Nhb.' Lin.; erls Yks ; earls Irel. vv.Yks.* Lan.
n.Lin.'; earles N.I.' N.Cy.'^ Dur. Cum. Yks. n.Yks.^
w.Yks.' Lan.; erl, earle \Vm. ; yearles N.Cy.' Lan.;
yearls Cum. ; yerls Cum. Wm. ; arless w.Yks. [erlz,
eTslz, yerlz, alz.]
1. Money paid on striking a bargain in pledge of future
fulfilment, esp. that given to a servant when hired; earnest-
money ; alsoyfjo'.
Sc. A piece of money put into the hands of a seller ... as a pledge
[thathe] shall not strikea bargain with another, while he retains Ihe
arles in ifiishand iJam.1; Aries ran high, but makings were nacthing,
man, Hogg Jacob. Rel. (1819) I. loa ; He had refused the devil's arles
(for such was the offer of meat and drink). Scott Rtdg. (1824) xi.
Inv.fH.E.F.) Rnf. Jack was selling I'ate some tallow.. . . ' Done ! '
quo' Pate, and syne his erls Nail'd the Dryster's waukedloof [palm],
Wilson IVally and Mrg (1792) 7, Newc. ed. Ayr. An' name the
arles an' the fee In legal mode an' form. Burns (1786) 132 ; Their
demeanour towards me was as tokens and arles of being continued
in respect and authority, GALT/'>iovoi/(i822) xxviii. Lnk. He turn'd
his rosy cheek about, and then, ere 1 could trow, The widdifu' o*
wickedness took arles o' my mou, Motherwell Sitg. (1827) 242.
e.Lth. It's no ower late for him to tak back his arles to the tither
side. Hunter J. /nwick {1895) 194. Gall. Here's a silver merk,
for the King's arles, and here's Sergeant Armstrong's file wi'
twal unce o' the best lead bullets, Crockett 7?aiV/fr5 (1894) xliv.
Ir. Where's my footin', masther? Where's my arles! Carleton
Fardorougha (1848) i. Ant. In hiring a ser\ant, for buying a cow,
load of hay, &c., you give a .shilling or half-a-crown as 'earls,' to
make the bargain sure, Ballyiiieiia Obs. (189a). N.I.', N.Cy.'*
Nhb.' In hiring servants, any bargain made between master
and servant was accounted void, before entry into servitude,
if arles had not been offered and accepted. Nhb. & Dur. Aries,
earnest money, formerly given to men and boys when hired
at the bindings, Greenwell Coal. Tr. Gl. (1849). Cnm.&Wm.
Servants return the arles, when, after being hired, they cliange their
mind. What! she's sent t'yerls back ! (M.P.) Wm. In Appleby
within recent years the hirings were opened by the charter being
read at the Cross, after which bargains clinched with the 'yerls'
were binding on man and master (B.K.>. Yks. Give me earles
[or God's-penny](K.). n.Yks.' Aries, or Festing-penny. ne.Yks.*
Aries, money, [ranging] from as. to S-i!. w.Yks. Hutton Tour
to Caves (1781); w.Yks.' Butcher Roberts put eearlcs into my
hand, an bad me ten pund neen for him, ii. 289 ; w.Yks.-
Erles, money given to a clergjmian when first engaged ; w.Yks.*,
Lan.', ne.Lan.', Lin. (K.) n.Lin.' Aries (obsol.). [This money is
returned by the seller of farm produce to the buyer on payment]
as luck or ' to'n-agean ' (s.v. To'n agean^. Thomas Sheppaid,
John O.xley, and David Hill took 12 acres a roods of wheat at
85. 6d. per. acre, and 2S. 6d. for earls. Noithorpe Fatttt Ace. 1789.
2. A gift to servants from a visitor ; a ' vail," a ' tip.'
Yks. (K.)
3. Phr. lo give any one his arks, to give any one his
deserts, freq. applied to a beating.
Inv. To gie ane his arles (H.E.F.). Bnff.' A'U gee ye yir arles,
my boy, gehn ye dinna baud yir tung.
4. Camp. Aries-penny, Arral-shilling.
Ayr. Vour proffer o' luve's an airle-penny. My Tocher's the
bargain ye wad buy, Burns My Tocher's the Jeiiel \ 1794). Lnk. And
this is but an arle penny To what I afterward design j-e, Ramsey
Poems (1721) II. 561, ed. 1800 (Jam.). N.Cy.'*, Wm. (B.K.)
n.Yks.' Aries-penny, God's penny, Festing-penny. w.Yks.', Der.',
nw.Der.' w.Yks. Arral-shilling is common where statute hirings are
held (B.K.).
[1. ArgenUim Dei . . . Money given in earnest of a
bargain : in Lincolnshire called Erles or Aries, Blount
Law Diet. (1691) ; pis ure lauerd jiue? ham as on erles of
jie eche mede [lat schal cume [lerafter, Ha/i M. (c. 1220) 7.
4. Aries penny, earnest-money given to servants, or in
striking any bargain, Bailey (1755); Aries penny,
earnest-money given to servants when they are first hired,
Bailey (1721); Glossograpliia (i-jo-j).]
ARLICH, adj. Sc. (Jam.) Also written arlitch. Sore,
fretted, painful.
n.Sc.
[Arr (a. scar), q.v. -f -?/(// (Eng. -ty).]
ARLIES, )•;//. Chs. [a liz.]
s.Chs. If one boy werechasinganother,andthelattercried 'arlies,'
he would expect to be allowed a little breatliing space before the
chase was resumed (T. D. ) ; s.Chs.'
ARLING, si!». Nhb. Earnest-money. Cf. arles, s6. 1.
Nhb. He' ye getten yor arlin ? Hoo much lies she gi'en ye for
arlin! (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.' The arlin is sometimes called 'the bond-
money' (s.v. Arle).
[A vbl. sb. fr. arle, vb.]
ARLY-BONE, 56. Brks. The hip-bone of a pig.
m3rks. The ' arly bwun ' is known in all farm-houses. It is
taken off the ham before the latter goes to be cured, and is
roasted soon after the pig-killing (B.L.). s.Brks. Here the name
' early bone ' is in common use 1 M. I.B.). Brks.'
ARM, s6.' Chs. Lin. Nhp. War. Wor. e.An. Wil. Dor.
Som. Dev. [am.]
1. The axle, the iron upon which the wheel of any
vehicle turns.
ARM
[72]
AROUND
Chs.' Formerly the arms were simply a continuation of the
wooden axle ; now they are invariably made of iron and are let
into each end of the thick wooden axle. n.Lin.', Nhp.^, War.
(J.R.W.), se.Wor.i guf. A wooden axle-tree with iron arms.
An axle-tree of iron, arms and all (F.H.). Wil. Morton Cyclo.
Ai;iic. (1863 ■). Dor. Off came the wheels, and down <"ell the carts ;
and they found there was no linch-pins in the arms, Hardy IVess.
T<iles{i888) II. 186. w.Som.t Dhu weel km oaf, un dh-aa-rm oaun
wuz u-broa-kt rait oa'f [the wheel came off, and its axle was
broken right off]. nw.Dev.l
2. The spoke or radius of any large wheel ; the beam of
a windmill to which the sail is fixed.
w.Som.i [The arm of] a water-wheel, or the fly-wheel of a steam-
engine. The entire motive power of a windmill — i.e. each of the
four great beams, with all the apparatus fixed to it— is called the
arm.
3. A trowel.
e.An.i
4. Comb, (i) Armhy nnii. (2) arm and crook, (3) arm-in-
crook, (4) ami-in-lmk, (a arm-in-arm, freq. applied to
the wallijng together of couples in the courting stage ;
(b) on familiar terms, cf ' hand-and-glove' ; (5) bend of the
arm, the elbow ; (6) hand-in-arm, arm-in-arm ; (7) to bend
the arm, to drink, cf. ' to lift the elbow ' ; (8) to make a long
arm, to reach ; (9) to wish your arm from your elbow, see
below.
(i) Lin. Lots o' lads and lasses, all aSrm by aerm. Brown Lit.
Laiir. (1890)9. (2) Dor. Tidden no good vor a maidto walkarm-an'-
crook wi'thelikes o'he. Hake Vtll. Street {i8c)5) iir. Som. 'Tessaid
theydowalkarman'crookup'pon hill a'most every day o' their lives,
Raymond iow (iwrf Quiet Lije iiSg^) 208. Dev.^ (31 Dor. Then
they went arm-in-crook, like courting complete, Hardy Madding
Clr)wd{l8■].^) xxxiii. (4)0115.' (a) He's goin arm-i'-link wi' ahr Polly.
(b) He's arm-i'-link wi' him. (5) w.Yks. ' Bend o' t'arm ' is common
for elbow-joint, Leeds Mere. Siippt. (May 2, 1891) ; Bend of the
arm, common in Ossett (M.F.). i6) w.Yks.^ Hand i' airm. (7)
Slang. He was busy arm bending in the public-house when the
tattoo sounded (A.S.P.). (8) w.Yks.^ To mak' a long airm. (9
n.Yks.2 They'll shak ye by t'hand an wish your airm off by t'elbow
[will give you the hand, but with no good will at heart, as hollow
friends do].
5. Camp. (1) Arm-bend ; (2) -lede, the direction of the out-
stretched arm ; (3) -load ; (4) -poke, the arm-pit ; (5) -rax,
see Armiwist; (6) -set, the setting of the coat-sleeve, the
arm-pit ; (7) -shot ; (8) -skep; (9) -skew, see Arm-twist ;
(10) -strength, the muscularity of the arm ; (11) -stretch;
(12) -twist; (13) -wrist, the wrist.
n.Yks.2 I i^ Airm-bend, the elbow-joint. (2) This mun be 3'our
way by airmlede [by the road to which lam pointing]. (3) Airm-
looad, Airmleead, an armful. (4) Suf. Under the left arm-poke
place a swaler's hart and a liver under the rite. Garland (1818) 9.
n.Yks.^ (5) Airmrax. (6) It nips at t'airm-set. (7) Airmshot.
arm's length. m.Yks.' n.Yks.^ 1 8) Airmskep, a coarse twig
basket without a bow, carried under the arm. (9) Airmskew,
a sprain of the arm. (10) Foorced by airm strength, (ri) Airm-
stritch, the effort of the arms, as at a rowing match. (12)
Airmtwist, a sprain of the arm. (13) w.Som.> He tookt hold o'
my arm-wrist. Dev. Whot's the matter wi' tha babby ? — I can't
ezackally say, but 'e zims tfl be a-scrammed in's arm-wrist.
Luketh's ef 'e'd a-broked 'n, Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892). Cor.'
[2. Les rayeres d'un moidin a eatt, the arms, or starts
of a wheel of a water-mill, Cotgr.]
ARM.sb.^ Sh.I. The end, as of a line.
S.& Ork.i
ARM, V. Irel. Som. Dev. [am.] To conduct by
walking arm-in-arm with ; to walk arm-in-arm.
n.Ir. Arm is frequently used facetiously, ' I'll arm you,' i.e. give
you a lift, set you on your way, though the necessity for help may be
imaginary and assumed iM.B.-S.) ; N.I.' Ant. There they go arm-
ing along (J.S.). w.Som.' Zo your Jim's gwain to have th' old
Ropy's maid arter all.— No, he idn. — Oh, idn er ? well. I zeed-n
a-armin o' her about, once, my own zul, last Zunday night as ever
was. nw.Dev.l
[To arm her to her lawyer's chambers, Wycherley
Plain Dealer (\6y^) (N.E.D.).]
ARM, see Haiilm.
ARM-HOLE, sb. Yks. Chs. Stf. Not. Lei. War. Won
Oxf The arm-pit.
Yks. In^g-™. use 'J.W.). Chs.', s.Clis." Stf.= Moi col dunna fit
very well under th' armhole. Not.', Lei.', War.^, Wor. (J.W.P.),
Oxf.i MS. add.
[Arm-hole, the hollow under the arm, Bailey (1755) ;
The arm-pit or arm-hole, ala, a.xilla, Robertson (1693) ;
Armehole, aiscella, Palsgr. ; Gemini (hath) thyn arm-
holes, Chaucer Astrot. 1. xxi.]
ARMING-CHAIR, sb. Cum. An arm-chair.
Cum. When he'd gotten hissel clapptdoon iv a grand armin-chair,
Sargisson Joe Scoap (1881) i88. Wm. & Cum.' This armin chair
I'll meake my scet, 294.
ARMSTRONG, sb. Sus. A name for the plant
usually called knot-grass Polygonum aviciilare.
[So called 1 from the difficulty of pulling it up.
ARMSTRONG, adv. e.An. Arm-in-arm.
e.An.i
ARMTLE, 5^-. Chs. Stf [amtl.] An armful.
s Chs.' I brought dain a hooalarmtle o' ballets to bootfs. v. Deck^.
s.Stf. Oi went a-lTzin [i.e. gleaning] dhis mornin an got a armtl
(A. P.).
[For the suff. -tie cp. apperntle.]
ARN, sb. Sc. The alder-tree.
Sc.i Jam. ), Bnff. iW. M.) Abd. The name ' arn ' is better known
perhaps than the alder (G. W. 1 ; There was a place called Ferniord,
from fearna-ord, the height of the alders or arns, these trees
being still remembered by old people as growmg at the place,
^ACDON ALT) Ptaee Names in Straf/ittogie iiSgi ] 192. Edb. (J.M.^
[The aller or arne ... is also found in marshy places,
Newte Tour (1791) (N.E.D.). Prob. repr. UE. a'lren, adj.,
fr. alor, alder.]
ARN, see Awn, Urn.
ARNACK, see Neck.
ARNARY, see Ordinary.
ARNBERRIES, sb. pi. Yks. Obsol. Raspberries.
n.Yks.2
ARNOT, sb.^ Sc. Also written arnit, arnet. A
shrimp.
Abd. Arnot is well known here iW. M.i ; Or on the Inches rant
and sport on ilka verdant spot. Or fish for bandies, arnits. eels in
ilka wee bit pot, Cadenhead Ftiglits of Fancy (1853) Onr Atdd
Gate-en.
ARNOT, sb?- Sc. [e'rnat.] In phr. lea arnot, a stone
lying in the field (Jam.).
Abd. ' Be ye gweed deevil, be ye ill deevil,' cried Flccman with
much indignant energy, ' I'se \xy you wi' a lea arnot,' and com-
menced to pelt the 'archangel ruined,' Jamie Fteeman, 51, ed.
1887.
ARNS, sb. Obs. n.Cy. Earnest-money.
N.Cy.'
[The Hooli Goost of biheest, which is the ernes of oure
eritage, Wyclif (1388) Eph. i. 14. Cp. Wcl. ernes (' arrha '),
borrowed fr. E.]
ARNUT, see Earth-nut.
ARON, sb. Plant-name applied to (i) Arum macu-
latmn (Sc.) ; (2) Richardia aethiopica, or Arum lily (Wei.)
Rxb. Aron, the plant called Wake-robin, or Cuckoo's pint Jam.).
[(i) Aron, Wake-Robin, Cuckoe-pint, Coles (1677); The
roots of aron, and mixt with wheat-bran. Burton Anal. Mel.
(1621) 462, ed. 1836; Aron, the herb Aron, Cuckoe-pint
. . . Pied de veau. Calves-foot, Ramp, Aaron, Cuckoe-pint,
Cotgr. (2) Take Aron roote, Gabelhouer's Bk. Physic
(1599) 183 (N.E.D.). Gr. apov, cp. Lat. arum, the herb
Wake-Robin, Coles (1679).]
AROUND, adv. and prep. Wm. Stf Suf Gny. Slang.
1. adv. About, here and there in no fixed direction,
round.
Wm.' A seed em gangen aroond. Stf. Just walking around
a bit (A. P.). Suf. He does nothing but hang around, doing
nothing (F.H.). Slang. On the day this 'ere job come off Chris
comes around to me, Dy. News (Jan. 4, 18951 3, col. 7. [Amer.
That's a 'cute little copy of Keats to carry around ^M.D.H.) ; Sam
is around in New York, Bartlett.]
2. prep. Round.
Gny. It goes around the room (G.H.G.).
3. In phr. around about, round about.
Suf. 1 am not going by that around about way, but across the
fields (F.H.).
AROUT
[73]
ARRIS
AROUT, adv. and prep. Lan. Chs. Stf. War. Also in
Hrt. Also written areawt Lan.'; areat Chs.' [ari't,
areat, areirt.]
1. adiK Without, outside, out-of-doors.
Lan. I'r no sooner areawt boh a threave o' rabblemcnt wur
watchin on mch at t'dur, Tim BonniN Vietv Dial. 1 1746 58 ; Grose
Supfil. (1790 MS. add. |,P.^ ; When aw should foind thee areawt
awd kiss thee, Staton Sue;. Sol. 118591 viii. i ; Alone to day
Areawt i' th' broad, green fields aw'vc come, Ramsboitom Phases
0/ Distress i 1864 . 59 ; Thou'rc noan fit to be areawt sich a day as
this, Wauoh C/iimn. Comer (18741 142, ed. 1879 ; Lan.' Clis.'
Was he i' th' haise?— Now, he were areat ; Chs.', War. (J.R.W.)
2. prep. Without.
s.Stf. I to'd him we could du arout him any time, Pinnock Blk.
Cv. Ann. ( i895\ Hrt. If yer can't do arout picklicking you'll 'a
'ter do arout grub altogether. Somind that, Miss I A'. S* (J. (1870)
4th S. vi. 328.
[This is a pron. of iwV/ioi// through the stages w /'-, »-, ar-.]
AROVE, adj. Ohs. Yks. Up and stirring.
w.Yks.' Our lad's quite bobberous, an aw a roav, ii. 305,
ARPENT, see Orpine.
ARPIT, adj. Shr. ObxnI. Quick, ready, precocious.
Shr."- 'Er wuz sich a mighty arpit little wench, I never thought
'er'd live ; it's sildom as they dun, w'en a bin so cute ; Slir.^
Arpit at his larning, saying as how he's so heavy o' hearing.
ARR, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Also written aar, aur, aurr, awr (Jam.) ; err Cum.' ; arrh
Chs.°^; ar e.Yks. [er, ar.]
L A scar or mark left by a wound.
Sc. While the cut or wound is healing the mark is called a scar;
when it is completely healed the mark is called an aur (Jam. Siippl.).
N.I.i Ant. Ballynunn Ohs. 1 18921. N.Cy.' ^ Nhb.' He hcs an arr
on his finger. Ciun. The healen plaister eas'd the painful sair — The
arr indeed remains— but naething main, Relph Afisc. Poems ( 1747
Harvest, \. 26; Grose '1790); G/. (1851^; Cum. '2 Wm. It's a sad
arr (M.P.) ; Wm.', n.Yks.' n.Yks.2 I'll gie thee an arr thou'll
carry t'thee grave ; n.Yks.^ ne.Yks.' He's gitten an arr ov his
back. e.Yks. Nichc^i.son Flk-Sp. (18891 50; Marshall Pur.
Econ. 1 1788) ; e.Yks.' Ofcvcry-day use in n. Holderness, MS. add.
(T.H.) m.Yks.' w.Yks. Hutton 7o"r <oi Cotw ' 1781 ) ; Willan
List Wds. (181 1) ; Lucas Sliid. Nidderdalc (c. 1882 : 231 ; w.Yks.'s,
Lan.', ne.Lan.', e.Lan.', Clis.'^a j^Ar, Holioway.]
2. A spot or freckle ; also used attrib.
w.Yks. ScATCHERD Hist. Morley (,1830) 168. [Term of abuse,
as] arr toad, Yks. N. & Q. (i888) IL 13 ; w.Yks.5 An arr toad
[freckled toad].
3. A guilty recollection, leaving an impression on the
conscience.
n.Yks.' It's nobbut a black arr, thae deeings o'thahn [thine] wi'
t'aud man [the way you dealt with the old man must have left a black
mark on your conscience] ; n.Yks.^ An arr on the conscience, A
black arr, a stain on the character,
4. A grudge, ill-feeling.
Or.I., Ayr. Jam. Sii/>/>/.)
Hence Atrei, ppi. adj. marked with scars ; csp. of the
marks left by small-pox. See Pock-arred.
Sc. I Jam.^ N.I.' n.Yks.' Arr'd, branded or imprinted. Lan.'
He wur arr'd o' ower ^vit' smo-pocs.
[Arr, a scar, Bailey (1770) ; Cica/nx, a nerre, Wright
Voc. 680; Cicatrix, ar or wond, MS. 15th cent, in Hall. ;
Thai ere brokyn myn erres ( = corruptac sunt cicatrices
meae), Hampole Ps. xx.xvii. 5. ON. Orr, Dan. or.]
ARR, v} Yks. Chs. To scar, scratch ; to beat.
n.Yks.'' I'll arr your back for you. ne.Yks.' In rare use. w.Yks.
Take care not to arr the steel fender, Hamilton Niigae Lit. (1841)
357. Clis.' Cum ait o' that hedge wilt'a, or tha'lt arr thee.
[Though my face . . . was not at all pitted or (as they
there [i.e. in Lan.] call it) arrcd, but in time as cleare and
smooth as ever it was, Life of A. Marlindale (1685) 19. See
Arr, ,s-/;.]
ARR, I'.* Sc. Lan. Der. Also written yarr Sc. e.Lan.'
[er, yer, a/r), ya(r).] Of dogs: to snarl, growl, a\so fig.
Sc. In kittle times when foes arc yarring, Beattie To Mr. A,
Ross in Hehnore 1768 132. ed. 1812. Lan. Yerin 'em hanch and
arre at us bi way o thanks, Clegg Pieces Roch. Dial. >i895) » Lan.'
Co' that dog in, dost no' see how it keeps arrin' at yon felly.
e.Lan.', nw.Der.'
[A dog is . . . fell and quarrelsome, given to arre,
VOL. I.
Holland Plutarch's Mor. (1603) 726 (N.E.D.).— A word
imitating the sound of a snarl.]
ARR, V.' Nhp. [a(r).] To egg on, incite to quarrel.
Nlip.2
[Thcieggidenhim inalyen goddis.and in abomynaciouns
to wraththc arrcden, \Vyclif (1382) Detil. xxxii. 16. Cp.
MDu. erren, to provoke to anger (Verdam).]
ARR, see Har.
ARRAH, int. Irel. Cor. Also written araa Cor.' ;
yarrah Irel. [ara, ya'ra.] An exclamation of surprise;
freq. used in accosting a person, or in calling attention.
See Arear.
Ir. Miss Betty, arrah. Miss Betty, Lever H. Lor. (1839^ iii ;
Arrah, an' the devil a taste I'll be drowned for your divarsion. ib.
Ch. O^Ma/lev ' 1841 . viii ; Yarrah, didn't 1 spake that speech before,
Carleton Traits 18431 I. 315. w.Ir. Arrah! what brings you
here at all? Lover Leg. 18481 I. 50. Qco. Arrah! run for
the priest, Barkington S/fr/r/ici (1827-32 I. ii. s.Ir. Arrah ! what
souls, sir? Croker Leg. 1862 20a. Wxf. Arrah, Puckawn, me
boy, Kennedy Eveni>igs Duffrey 1869 57. Tip. 'Arraii, sweet
myself! * said a youth after making a good hit at cricket, as he
thought, unheard G.M.H.). Cor.'
ARRALS, sb. Cum. Wm^ Yks. Lan. Also written
arles Wm. w.Yks. [a'rslz, alz.] Pimples ; a rash or
eruption on the skin ; csp. applied to ringworm.
n.Cy. Grose (1790. Cum. Holloway. Wm. He has the arles
on his hand, copperas will poison it. The complaint is frequently
met with in the North, and is probably due to the work offending
cattle I B.K.I; Wm.' Used in Ambleside for nettle-rash, and in
Appleby lor any kind of ringworm, perhaps especially that which
appears in young cattle. w.Yks. B.K. 1 ; Willan List ll'ds. (1811);
HuTTON Tour to (-'aves ( 1781 . ne.Lan.'
ARRALS, see Aries.
ARRANAKE, sb. Sc. The red-throated Diver, Cofym-
bi(s sep/riitrioiia/is.
Dmb. .Svvainson Birds (1885) 214.
ARRAND, see Arain.
ARRANT, adj Dur. Wm. Yks. Lan. Der. [a'rant.]
1. Downright, usually in a bad sense.
Dur.' Arrantest. Wm. Thae wer arrant lagets and tastrils,
Clarke Spec. Dial. (1865 15. n.Yks. She \vor t'arrantest scahd,
Broad Yks. (1885) 21. w.Yks. Her sister gat wed to an arrant
neer due-weel. Preston in Yksman. (1881 122. Lan. Arron owd
lant. Tim Bobbin Tittn. and Mearv 1740 16; Lan.* He'sanarran'
tliief, and as big a rogue. e.Lan.', nw.Der.'
2. Coiiip. Arrand-poison, -smittle, exceedingly poison-
ous, or infectious.
w.Yks.3 It is foolish to let the children go there, for it is arrand-
smittle. Common in w.Yks.
Hence Arrantly, entirely, thoroughly.
Lan.' Pre arronly moydert, Tim Bobbin U'ks. '^1750') 58.
[The moon's an arrant thief, Shaks. Tiiiioii, iv. iii. 440;
We are arrant knaves, all, ib. Haiiibt. iii. i. 131 ; A errant
traytoure, Fabyan, v. Ixxx. 58 (N.E.D. I. The orig. mg. of
the word was wandering, vagabond. Fr. errant (cp. jiiif
errant), prp. oi errrr, see Hatzfeld.]
ARRA"WIGGLE, see Erriwiggle.
ARREARAGE, sZi. Sc. Lin. Arrears of paj'ment.
Sc. Ah ! these arrearages! . . . that are alw.iys promised, and
always go for nothing ! Scorr Leg. Montr, i 1830 vi. n.Lin.' I Ic's
gotten fowcrycars arrearages o' his highwaay raate on, an' I can't
get noil sattlcment.
[Arrierage, an arrearage, . . . that which was unpaid, or
behind, Cotgr. ; An arrerage, erreragia, Calh. Angl.\
ARREDGE, see Arris.
ARRIMAN, sb. Shr. [aTiman.] The newt, Triton
cre.^tatiis.
Stir.'
ARRIS, sb. Sc. n.Irel. and all the n. counties to Chs.
Der. Lin. ; also in War. and limp, and in tech. use. Also,
with various forms, arras, arress Sc. ; arish Dur. ; orris
Chs.' s.Chs.' nw.Der.'; horris nw.Der.'; arrage Nhb.';
arridge Cum.' Wm.' n.Yks.'^ ne.Yks.' e.Yks. w.Yks.'"
ne.Lan.' n.Lin.' ; arredge Wm. w.Yks. ; harridge e.Yks.'
w.Yks. ; adidge Yks. ; awrige (Jam.), [a-ris, a-rij, aridg,
aTedg.]
ARRIS
[74]
ARSE
The angular edge of a block of stone, wood, &c. ; hence,
the edge of anything. »
Sc. The rebbets [jambs] of that window would hae look't better
gin the mason had ta'en off the arras (.Jam-)- '"■ ^^^ ^-Sc- The tips
of the little ridges laid by the plough are called the awrige of the
field tb.). It. The arris of a dyke, or of a furrow (J.W. ff.).
N.I.' Arris, the sharp edge of a freshly-planed piece of wood, or
of cement, or stone-work. Nhb.^ Arrage, a sharp point or corner,
Mining Gl. (1852). Dur. Atkinson Clcvcl. Gl. Cum. T'toon
geaat was oa peaavt wih wood peaavin steaans ... an t'arridges
was haggt off, Sargisson Joe Scoap ( 1881) 93 ; Cum.l Arridge, an
angular edge, arris in architecture. Wm. Guide to the Lakes (,1780)
288 ; Wm.i Et left an arridge reet alang. n.Yks. Arridge, the cut
edge of cloth in distinction from the selvedge or woven edge (J. T.) ;
n.Yks.i Arridge, the edge or selvedge of a piece of cloth or cotton ;
n.Yks.2 Arridges, the edges or ridges of stone or furniture.
ne.Yks.i, m.Yks.' w.Yks. A ' sharp arridge ' on a horse-shoe is
the projection in front to enable the horse to keep on his feet
when drawing, Banks IVkfld. Wds. (,18651 ; ' Tak th' arredge off
this stone ; you need not polish it quite smooth ; only tak th'
arredge off it.' A knife, not smooth-edged, is said to have an
arredge, Hlfx. Wds. ; w.Yks.l This staan tacks a fine arridge ;
w.Yks.2 Harris, a swage or bevel at the back of a razor-blade.
It also means roughness. ne.Lan.^ Chs.* A joiner who planes
off the angles of a square pole to make it octagon is said to
' take off the orris.' s Chs.^ When a furrow is made too flat, it
is said * there's noo orris on it.' nw.Der.^ Th' orris is welly worn
off. n.Lin.i, War. (J.R.W.) Hmp.i I'd better take the arris off
ut [i.e. a piece of stone, »&c.]. Tech. Arris, in joinery and masonry,
the line of concourse, edge, or meeting of two surfaces, Weale
Diit. Terms (1873).
[Fr. areste (mod. arete), cp. Cotgr. : Aresle, the small
bone of a fish ; also, the eyle, awne, or beard of an ear of
corn ; also, the edge or outstanding ridge of a stone, or
stone-wall. — The forms arridge, arredge, &c., may be due
to a popular association with ridge, edge.]
ARRIS, V. Yks. Lan. Chs. War. [a-ridg, Chs. a-ris.]
To take or plane oft" the arris, to make flat.
e.Yks.', w.Yks. 2, ne.Lan.i Chs.' 'John, orris them jeists.'
War. J.R.W.)
ARRISH, sb. e.Yks. Also Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp. I.W.
Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written aish Hmp.'; arish
Dev. Cor.' ; ash Sun' I.W.* ; airish Dev. ; errish Som.
Dev. Cor.'^; ersh(e Ken.'^ Sus. Hnip.' Dev.; hayrish
Cor.' ; herrish Som. See also Eddish, [sj, 3TiJ, Sur. a/,
e.Yks. ari/ (a'varij?).]
1. A stubble field ; stubble of any kind after the crop has
been cut.
e.Yks. He's tentin' pigs i' averish. Near Beverley they would
say ' Ah've a bit o' arrish Ah sail ton them few geese inti ' (R.S.) ;
e.Yks.' Haverish. Ken.'^ s.Sur. Farmers would leave one
shock of corn in the harvest field ; as long as it stood no outsiders
might enter, but on its removal the field was called * ersh ' and
any one might lease, the corn gathered being called ' leasing grist '
(T.T.C. I ; Sur.' Ash is not so commonly used as ' graften.' Sus.
Ersh, stubble ; applied also to the after-mowings of grass, Grose
{i-]')0) MS. add. P.); Sus.' A wheat earsh ; a barley earsh. Hmp.
Wheat or oat aish, Grose (1790); Earsh, Holloway ; Hmp.'
I.W.' ; I.W. 2 Bwoy, drave the cows out into the wheat ash. Dor.
Errish, A'. & Q. ^1883, 6th S. vii. 366 ; Now obs. (H.J.M.) Som.
W. & J. Gl, ; [Pheasants] wander . . . especially towards barley and
barley stubble, called barley harrish in Red Deer land, Jefferies
Red Deer (18841 x. w.Som.' Bee'un, woet, tloa'vur uur'eesh
[bean , oat, clover stubble]. Not applied to any grass except clover,
and then only when the clover has been mown for seed, so as to
leave a real stubble. Purty arteruoon farmer, sure 'nough — why, he
'ant a ploughed his arrishes not eet. Auctioneers and other
genteel people usually write this ' eddish.' Dev. Amongst the
harrishes in September, O'Neill Told in Dimpscs (18931 151 ;
The geese . . . found their own way in the golden earidgcs, ib. Idylls
(1892 97 ; To bid the skylark o'er the arrish roam, Capern Pochw
(18561 72; They've agived tha chillern holiday tii-day, tii go
leasing upen Squire Poland's arrishes, Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892)
96 ; The fezens be out in tha errishes feeding ; there'll be rare
gade sport vur squire in October, ib. 76. n.Dev. We've . . . torned
pegs ta arish. Rock /i«i an' A'f// 1867 3. Dev.', nw. Dev.' Cor.
An old rhyme in reference to the clergy of the past generation
begins : ' Here comes the passon of Philleigh Parish, He's got
his rake to rake his arish,' Dy. Chron. (June 18, 1895I 3, col. 6;
Farmers are very busy ploughing the arishes by this time, Mark
Lane E.\-press (Feb. 2, iSSoV w.Cor. When I took en aw was in
barley arish, Thomas Randigal Rhymes (1895) 6 ; Cor.' Turn them
into the arishes ; Cor.^
2. Co;«/i. ( I ) Arrish-field, a stubble field ; (2) -goose, one
fed in stubble fields ; (3) -mow, a small rick of corn set
up in a field from which the crop has been cut ; (4) -rake,
(5) -turnip, see below.
(i) Cor. Ricks of corn left to stand in the ' arrish fields,' Flk-Lore
Jrn. (1886) IV. 248; Cor.' (2") Dev. Arrish geese feed into plump
condition for Michaelmas by picking up, from between the stubble,
the corns which fell from the ears during reaping and sheaving,
TV. & Q. (1851) ist S. iii. 252. Cor.'^ (3) w.Som.' In a showery
harvest the plan is often adopted of making a number of small
stacks on the spot, so that the imperfectly dried corn may not be
in sufficient bulk to cause heating, while at the same time the air
may circulate and improve the condition of the grain. Called
also wind-mow. Dev. Arrish-mows, [or] field stacklets. The
arrangement of the sheaves of corn as a square pyramid, during
a wet harvest, Marshall Ritr. Econ. (1796) ; One of the most
remarkable singularities of harvest in the West, is the ' arish-mow,'
MooRE //liA Dev. (,1829) I. 299; Dev.' Cor. Arrish-mows, from
their different shapes, are also [called] ' hummel-mows ' and
' ped-rack-mows,' Flk-Lore Jrn. (1886) IV. 248 ; Arish-mow, 200
sheaves in a circular rick, Morton Cycl. Agric. (1863) ; They were
building up the ' arish mows.' where the difficulty of carting away
the harvest had yet to be faced and overcome, Pearce Esther
Pentreath { 1891) bk. 11. vi ; Cor.'2 (4) w.Som.' Errish rake, a very
largeand peculiarlyshaped rake, used for gathering up the straycorn
missed by the binders ; now nearly supplanted by the horse-rake.
Dev.', nw.Dev.' (5) w.Som.' Errish-turnips, a late crop of turnips
sown after the corn has been taken. After an early harvest good
crops of roots are frequently grown. Aay aa'n u zee'd noa jis
wai't uur eesh tuur'muts, naut-s yuur'z [I have not seen any such
wheat errish turnips not's 1 these) years] s. v. EsV
Hence Arrishers, the second set of gleaners.
Dor. It is customary, after carrying a field of corn, to leave
behind a sheaf, to intimate that the families of those who reaped
the field are to have the first lease. After these have finished, the
sheaf is removed, and harissers are admitted, A^. & Q. (1850)
1st S. ii. 376.
[Ersh, stubble. Kersey ; Ersk, stubble after corn is cut,
B.MLEV (1721). OE. crsc (in ersc-lieii), a stubble field.]
ARRIVANCE, sb. Shr. Ken. [arai'vans.]
1. Origin, birthplace.
Ken. A guardian of the poor informs me it is often used to signify
settlement by birth {, P.M.) ; I say, mate, which parish do you belong
to ? — I can't justly say. but father's arrivance was iVam Shepherd's-
w^ell [.Sibbertswold], Wright ; Ken.' He lives in Faversham town
now, but he's a low-hill [bclow-hill] man by arrivance.
2. Arrival, arrival of company.
Shr. 'There has been an arrivance,' said occasionally when a baby
is born or company comes unexpectedly (J.B.) ; Shr.' I spec'
they'n be wantin' yo', Bettj', to 'elp 'em a bit at the owd Maister's,
I sid an arrivance theer as I wuz gwein to 'unt some barm,
ARROW, see Argh, Yarrow.
ARROWLEDE, sb. Yks. [aralld.]
n.Yks.^ Arrowlede, the path of the shot arrow.
ARROW-ROOT, sb. Dor. Arum maculattim.
Dor. The starch prepared from its tubers is known in I. of Port-
land as ' Portland Arrow-root,' from its resemblance to the arrow-
root of commerce,
ARROY, sb. Pem. [aroi'.] Disorder, confusion ; also
used with an advb. force.
s. Pem. One pickt upon t'other, an things went oorserand oorser —
my dear man ! there was an arroy. They be in a big arroy there
[a confusion in a crowded meeting]. These 'ere bags be shifted
since I put am 'ere, they be all arroy naw I.W.M.M.).
ARSCOCKLE. see Esscock (Jam.).
ARSE, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf.
Der. Lin. War. Wor. e.An. Hrt. Ess. Ken. Hmp. Som.
Dev. Also written ass Ken. Som. ; erse Sc. ; yess Dev.
[ers, ars, as.]
1. The buttocks, fundament of a person, rump of an
animal ; hence, the bottom or hinder part of anything, as
a sheaf, cart, &c.
Sc. A sack-arse, the bottom of a sack (Jam."! ; The erse of the
plough or the plough-erse {ib. Suppl.). n.Cy. Have one of these
pears — they are all ripe ; I have just been pinching their arses
(.C.G.B.). Nhb. .Set the poke down on its ar.se. Cairt-arse. The
ARSE
[75]
AR-SMORN
Cat's Arse, the name of a small bay on the shore of the river Tync
(R.O.H.). Yks. Ahse(W.H.). ne.Yks.' T'shafl" arses is as wet
as sump. Stop, mun ; t'cart arse has tiimml'd oot. e.Yks. To
set nine of the sheaves with their arses downe to the grounde,
Best liiir. Econ. (1641) 45; The arse of a cart or a plough,
NicholsonF/*5/>. (18891 50. nw.Der.' n.Lin.i Billy Ratton puts
o'must as many heads in his sheaf arses as he duz c' th' top end.
War.^ Arse, the tail of a cart ; also applied to shocks on which
* caps ' are placed, i.e. covered by two sheaves with the straw end
upwards. Wor. Go round to the erse of the mill (E.S.) ; se.Wor.'
Arse of a waggon. Hrt, The arse or tail of the plough, Ellis Mod.
Hiisb. U750 II. i. 44. e.An.* Arse, part of a tree, opp. to the Tod.
Suf. The arse of a tree is the rough root-end after the roots h.ive
been chopped off (F. H.). Ess. Cast dust in his [a sheep's] arse,
thou hast finisht thy cure, Tusser Hiishatitine 11580'; m, St. 4.
Ken. The ass, the butt-end of a sheaf (_P.M.). Hmp. The arse of
a door (H.C.M.B.') ; Hmp.' The bottom of a post ; the part which
is fixed in the ground. The upward part of a field gate to which
the eyes of the hinge are fixed. w.Som.' Puufn uup pun dh-aas
u dhu wageen. The ass of the sull. The ass of the waterwheel.
The ass of the barn's door.
2. Phr. (i) arse over head, head over heels, topsy-turvy ;
(2) to go arse Jirst, to have bad luck ; (3) to hang an arse,
to hang back, be cowardly.
(I I w.Som. 'A timid old workman said of a rickety scaffold : 1 baint
pwain up pon thick there till-trap vor to tread pon nothin, and vail
down ass over head. What's the matter, William ?— Brokt my
arm, sir. Up loadin hay, and the darned old mare, that ever I
should zay so, muv'd on. and down I vails ass over head. (2) Wm.
I've always gone arcc first. A confession of one who failed in life
through his own habits < B. K.\ (3) n.Lin. To hang an arse ; ^obsol.,
but used by a native of the Isle of Axholme who died in or about
1826 (E.P.); n.Lin.i
3. Comp. (i) Arse-band, the crupper ; (2) -bawst (-burst) ;
(3) -board; 14) -bond; (5) -breed (breadth), the breadth
of an arse, i.e. of contemptibly small extent ; (6) -end, the
bottom or tail-end of a tree, the butt ; a\so fig. ; (7) -end-
up; (8) -first; (9) -jump; (10) -loop; (11) -up; (12) -up-
wards.
( I i n.Lin.' (■z) Stf.' Ars-bawst, a fall on the back. (3') Sc. Arse-
burd of a cart, the board which goes behind and shuts it in (Jam.').
Cum.', ne.Lan.', Chs.', s.Chs.', Stf.' 2, nw.Der.', n.Lin.' War. Ars-
boord (J.R.W.V (4^ s.Chs.' Arse-bond, a strong piece of oak
forming the hinder extremity of the foundation or bed of a cart.
(5) Cum.' His heall land's nobbet a arse-breed. 161 n.Yks.' Pick
thae stooks adoon, and let t'arsends o' t'shaffs lig i' t'sun a bit.
Chs.' The arseend of a 'tater' is the end by which it is attached
to the stalk or thread. s.Chs.', War. J.R.W.) Suf. A house,
barn, hamlet, &c., if in a very sequestered spot, is said to be at the
arse-end of the world i F. H.) ; A labourer never speaks of the ' butt '
of a tree, but always of the * arse-end.* The arse-end of a cannon
gave no more offence than breech does now C.G.B."). (7 iNhb. Arse-
end-up, upside down. (8i Arse-first, backside foremost iR.O.H. .
(9") n.Lan. It was the custom in the Furncss district in han'cst
time to place on the breakfast table a little round of butter, about
a quarter of a pound in weight, to each person. It was a diflicult
matter for those unused to this luxury to take it. If however
any man or boy failed to eat his share he was taken by the arms
and legs, and the lower part of his body was banged against
a wall. This was called arse-jumping (J. A.). (101 Nhb.' Arse-
loop, a seat or wide loop in a rope or chain in which a man is
slung when repairing or working in a pit shaft. (lit e.An.' Ass-
upping, hand-hoeing, to turn the docks and thistles end upwards, or
to cause the posterior to be the superior part of the body whilst
stooping in the act of hoeing, (121 Nhb. Arse-upwai'ds, upside
down (R.O. H.V Suf. ' Arse-uppards ' is a usual term for many
things lying bottom up iC.G. B.\
fAn Arse, podc.x, anus, Levins Maiiip.; Ars or arce,
amis, cuius, pode.x. Prompt. Chaucer has the form ers,
C. T. A. 3755. OE. cars; cp. G. arsch.\
ARSE, V. Sc. Lin.
1. To kick upon the seat.
n.Lin.' If thoo cums here agean loongin' aboot, I'll arse thC wi'
my foot.
2. To move backwards, to push back ; of. arsle, 1 ; Jig.
to balk, defeat.
Abd. Arse back yer horse a little. I was completely arsed
(G.W.i. Gall. Arset (Jam. Stippl.\
Hence Arsing, vbl. sb. Shuffling, evading.
Abd. Nane of that arsin' noo G.W.).
3. To back out of fulfilling a promise, &c., to shuflle; cf.
arsle, 2.
Abd. He arsed a bit. I heard he meant to arse oot o' his promises
(G.W.\
ARSE-FOOT, sb. Obs. Colloo. (i) The great crested
Grebe, Podiaps cristatus : (2) the little Grebe, Tac/ivbapies
/luvialdis ; so called from the backward position of tfie legs.
SwAiNSON Birds 1 1885) 215, 6.
ARSELING(S,n(fc. Sc.c.An. [erslins, a-slins.] Back-
wards, also attrib.
Abd. Sik a dird As laid him arselins on his back, Forbes Aiax
(17421 9. Per. We always use (not arset, but arselins G.W.).
Cld. (Jam.) Rxb. Arselins coup, the act of falling backwards on the
hams /6.). e.An.' Nrf. Trans. P/iH. Soc. {iBsS, 146. Saf.Arseling
(F.H.).
[Arse + -liytg {-s). OE. earsliitg: Syn hi gecyrde on
earsling { = avertaittur rctrorsuni,) Ps. xxxiv. 5 (c. 1000).
Cp. I)u. aarzcliiii; (-,si, G. drscldiiis; (-.s) ; see De Vries.I
ARSERD, ARSEUD. see Arseward.
ARSESMART, sb. Also written ass-smart. A plant-
name applied to (i) Po/\goiiuiii aiuplnbium (Hrt.) ; 12) P.
hydropipcr (Cum. Chs. Lin. War. LW. Wil. Som. Dev.);
(3) P. pcrsicaria (Lin. Wil.); (4) Pyrclhrum parlhenium,
or fever-few (w.Yks.).
(i . Hrt. Arsmart. Ellis Mod. Hiisb. (1750^ III. i. 47. (2) Cnin.i
Arse-smart, the pepperwort. Chs.' ; Chs.^ Also called Knot-grass,
Lake- weed. n.Lin.', War. (J.R.W. , I.W.', Wil.' w.Som.'
Aa smart, water pepper. Dev."; nw.Dev.' Ves-smert. (3 n.Lin.',
Wil.'
[(2( Curage (Culrage), the herb water-pepper, arse smart,
kilhidge or culerage, Cotgr. ; Arse-smart, or water-
pepper, an herb. Kersey; Arsmart, Hydropipcr, Gerarde,
445. (3) Arsesmart, Pcrsicaria, Coles (1679); Dead or
spotted arsmart, Pcrsicaria maculosa Gerarde, 445.]
ARSE- VERSE, sb. Obs. or obsol. Sc. Yks. A spell
written on the side of a house to ward oft' fire.
s.Sc. Known by old persons some years ago (G.W.M.). Rxb.
Arse'-verse', most probably borrowed from England 1 Jam.\ w.Yks.
Aase-verse, a spell on a house to avert fire or witchcraft, Yts. N.
&Q. (1888) II. 13.
[Arse-verse, a spell written on an house to prevent it
from burning, Bailey (1721). Arse, fr. Lat. irrs-, pp. stem
of a rderc, to burn ; cp. Fr. arson, arson, wilful burning.]
ARSEWARD(S, adv. and adj. Cum. Yks. Der. Lin.
War. Wor. Also in Dev. Also written arserd w.Yks.*;
ars'erd, ars'erds n.Lin.' ; assud War.* se.Wor.' ; arseud
se.Wor.' ; ass'ard Dev.; arset Sc. nw.Der.'; arsed,
arsard nw.Der.' [a-sad, a'sadz.]
L adv. Backwards ; hind-belore.
Cum. Grose 11790 ; Brekbackana — ewards hurry, Stagg Misc.
Poems (1805^ Bridewaiii ; Ctmi.' An early Methodist preacher in
Workington used to enlighten his hearers with ' Aa wad as seiin
expect a swine to gang arsewurts up a tree and whisslc like a
throssle, as a rich man git to heaven.' n.Yks.' ra.Yks. A cask
or other package in the forepart of a cart, required to be moved
to the afterpart. would be said to be moved arseward, as that latter
part is termed the • cart arse.' A horse is said to come arseward
when it backs (G.W. W.). w.Yks.' His skaddle tit — ran arser'd
'geeant mistow nookin [against the corner of the cow-house], ii.
303. Der. The landlord put him out arsuds first H.R.X n.Lin.'
Go ars'erds, cousin Edward, go ars'erds. Dev. At Okeh.impton
Station a horse was rather frightened at entering a horse-box ; a
porter who was assisting said, ' You 'ont get'n in, I tell 'ee, vore
j'ou've a-turn un roun' and a-shut"n in ass'ard.' Joe, I zim you
d'an'lc things all ass'ard like, jis the very same's off all your vingers
was thumbs. Reports Provitir. ( 1889').
2. adj. Perverse, obstinate ; unwilling.
N.Cy.' Nhb. Sae take some pity on your love And do not still
soarseward Throve, Stv^lKT A Joco-Sen'oiisDiseourse'^it^ 30. Now
probably 06s. I R.O.H.) n.Yks.* Der. Don't be arseward i^H.R.).
nw.Der.', se.Wor.'
3. Comp. Arseward-backwards, hind-before ; a.\so attrib.
War.* He went out assud-backuds. That's an assud-backuds
form o' diggin' taters. se.Wor.'
[Rebours, d rebours, arseward, backward, Cotgr. ; Bot
if 5e taken as 5e uscn arsewordc this gospel, Pol. Poems
(Rolls Ser.) II. 64. Arse-\--ti'ard.]
AR SHORN, see Hare-shorn.
La
ARSLE
[76]
ARTICLE
ARSLE, V. Cum. Yks. Lan. Also in e.An. [a-sl.]
1. To move backwards.
Cum. lE.W.P. e.An.2 He [a timid boxer] kept arseling back-
wards, and durst not meet his man. Nrf.'
2. To move when in a sitting posture ; hence, to shufQe,
fidget ; a\so fig.
n.Yks.2 They arsl'd out on"t [they backed out]. n.Lan.l e.An.^
Come, arsle up there. Nrf.' Suf. To keep arseling about 1 F.H.\
[MDu. erselen {arselen), Du. aarzelen, to move backward
(De Vries).]
ARSLING-POLE, sh. e.An. [aslin-pol.]
Nrf.' Arsehng-pole, the pole bakers use to spread the hot embers
to all parts of the oven.
[From arsle, vb., to move backwards, used in trans,
sense.]
ARSY-VERSY, adv., adj. and sb. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf. Der. Lin. Lei. War. e.An. Also in Som. Dev. Also
■written arsey-warsey N.Cy.^ ; arsy -farcy w.Yks.^ e.An.' ;
arse-versy Lin. Skinner ; and freq. arsy-varsy.
1. adv. Upside-down, head over heels ; fig. in confusion.
n.Cy. Grose 1790) ; N.Cy.\ Nhb. 1 R.O.H.), n.Yks.'^, ne.Yks.',
e.Yks.', w.Yks.i Lan. Deawn coom I arsy-varsy intoth wetur,
lim'&o-B.s.iii Titm. and Meaty WHO) zi. Chs.'2,stf.i Der. Down
came Tit, and away tumbled she arsy-varsy, Ray Prov. (1678) 225,
ed. i860. Der.'2, nw.Der.', n.Lin.', LeI.i, Waf.'2. e.An.' w.Som.'
Hon I com'd along, there was th' old cart a-turned arsy-varsy right
into the ditch, an' the poor old mare right 'pen her back way, her
legs up'n in [up on end]. Dev.^ Ivvery theng es arsyvarsy.
2. adj. Fanciful, preposterous ; contrary, disobedient.
•w.Yks.3 Of a woman dressed peculiarly, ' Sho dresses in an
arsy-farcy way.' To a disobedient child, ' Tha a't varry arsy-
farcy.'
3. sb. Deceit, flattery.
n.Yks. Old wives have a lot of arsy-farsy a"bout them, saying 'at
t'bairn is so like its father I.W.); (,R.H.H.)
[Stand to 't, quoth she, or yield to mercy, It is not
fighting arsie-versie Shall serve thy turn, Butler Hitdi-
bras, I. iii. 827 ; Cul sur poiiitc, topsie-turvy, arsie-varsie,
upside down, Cotgr. A rhj'ming comp. from arse+l^sA.
versus, pp. of vertere, to turn.]
ART, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Also
written airt Sc. Nhb.' Dur.' Cum. Yks. ; airth, aith
Sc. e.Yks. ; ete Wxf [ert, esrt.]
1. The quarter of the heavens, point of the compass ;
asp. of the direction of the wind.
Abd. That gate I'll hald. gin I the airths can keep, Ross HeJenore
(1768:59, ed. 1812. Fif.Thewind isaffadryairt, Robertson Proz'os/
(1894) 19. Ayr. Of a' the airts the wind can blaw, I dearly like the
west. Burns y^flH (17881 ; My plaidie to the angry airt, I'd shelter
thee, ib. Caiild Blast. Lnk. [Trees that] stand single Beneath ilk
storm, frae every airth, maun bow, Ramsay Gcnth Shcp. (.1725137,
ed. 1783. Slk. Let themblawa'at ancefraea' the airts, Chr. North
JVocUs Aitibros. (^1856) IIL 3. GaU. Frae every airt the wind can
steer, Nicholson Hist, and Trad. Tales I1843) 235. N.I.' What
art is the win in the day ? Down. The wind's in a thawy art
(C.H.W.). Wxf.' What ete does the wind blow from? Nhb.'
What airt's the wind in thi day! Dur.' Cum.T'wind's cauld this
spring whativer art it blaws fra (E.W. P. 1 ; T'wind's iv a bad art,
I doubt we'll hae rain ^M.P.). Yks. The wind is in a cold airt
(K.). n.Yks.2 The wind's frev an easterly airt. ne.Yks.' T'wind's
gotten intiv a cau'd airt. e.Yks< Marshall Rur. Econ. (1788J.
w.Yks.'
2. A direction, way ; locality, district.
Sc. bhe so speers and backspeers me . . . that I darena look the
airt a single woman's on. Whitehead jOo// /)«!■(> (1876J 130. Ayr.
If that he want the yellow dirt, Ye'll cast your head anither airt,
Burns Tibbie. Lth. He'll never look the airt ye're on, Strathesk
More Bits 1885"! 249. e.Lth. Just you pit the maitter fair afore them,
an' showthem the richt airt, Hunter J. Iniviik ' 1895 1 22. Dmf. Fowk
stoiter'd frae a' airths bedeen, Mayne Siller Gun (1808) 70. N.I.'
It's a bare art o' the country. n.Cy. Border Gl. {Coll. L.L.B.) ;
N.Cy.' Nhb. Wooers cam' frae ilka airt, Richardson Borderer's
Table-bk. (,18461 VIII. i6i ; Nhb.' What airt ar' ye gan thi day?
A stranger who cannot very well comprehend the countiy people
when directing him what airts to observe, will be very liable to
lose his road, Oliver Rambles '1835 9. Cum. Frae ivry art the
young fwolk droove, Stagg Misc. Poenis '18051 119. Wm. Bet
theear wes leets frae beeath arts, Spec. Dial. (.1885) 8. n.Yks.'
Did ye hear t'guns at Hartlepool, John ? — Ay, I heerd a strange
lummering noise. I aimed it cam' fra that airt ; n.Yks.^ They
come frev a bad airt [place of ill-repute] ; m.Yks.', w.Yks.'
[Angellis sail passe in the four airtis, Lyndesay
Moiiarche, 5600 (N.E.D.). Gael, aird, a point, also a
quarter of the compass.]
ART, V. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Written airt Sc. Nhb.'
n.Yks.'' ; ert Sc.
1. Of the wind : to blow from a certain quarter.
Sc. What course ships or boats would take . . . would depend
upon the mode by which their progress was actuated . . . and as
the wind was airted, State J^i'aser 0/ Traserfield i^iSo^j 192. Bnff.'
The ween's gain' t'airt frae the east.
2. To incite, egg on.
Lan. He arted me on or I shouldn't have done it fS.W.).
3. To point out the way to any place ; to direct ; to turn
in a certain direction.
Sc. I may think of airting them your way, Scott Redg. (1824")
xiii ; To permit me to keep sight of my ain duty, or to airt you to
yours, ib. Midlotliian i 1818 ixviii ; He erted Cohn down the brae,
Davidson Seasons (1789') 51 ; Lay them open, an' airt them east
an' west Jam. Siippl. . Bnff.' See, lads, it ye airt the stooks richt.
Rnf. Ah, gentle lady, airt my way, Tannahill Poems (18071 147.
Ayr. An' her kind stars hae airted till her A good chiel wi' a pickle
siller, Burns Lett, to J. Tennant ; But j'on green graffnow, Luckie
Laing, Wad airt me to my treasure, ib. Lass of Ecclefechan. e.Lth.
What a skill he had o' liftin' ye aff your feet an' airtin' ye roun' frae
north to sooth afore ye kent whaur ye were. Hunter J. hiwick
(18951 118. n.Yks.2 Sic mak o' luck was nivver airted mah geeat.
4. To tend towards, aim at.
Sc. He's dune weel, an's airtin to the en' o* his wark. I airtit
hard to get awa wi' the laird (Jam. Siippl.). n.Yks.2 What's thoo
airting at ?
5. To find out, discover.
Rxb. I airted him out iJam.). Nhb.' I'll airt it oot.
ARTAN, vbl. sb. Sc. [eTtan.] Direction ; placing
towards a certain quarter of the heavens.
Bnff. Hoot-toot, ye gummeril, the airtan o' the stooks is a'
vrang. Set them aye t' tual o'clock (W.G.) ; Bnff.'
[Vbl. sb. of art, vb.]
ART AND PART, ///r. Sc. Irel. Dur. (1) As obj. of
V. : share, portion. (2) To be, become, art or part in, with,
to be concerned in, be accessory to.
(i) N.I.' I had neither art nor part in the affair. Ant. I know
neither art nor part of it, Grose (1790 MS. add. :C.) (2 Sc.
Whan thou sawist ane reyffar, than thou becamist airt an part wi'
him, Riddell Ps. (1857 1 1. 18. Gall. For aught I know they may
be art and part in supplying undutied stuff to various law-breakin.g,
king-contemning grocers, Crockett Raiders (1894) v. Wxf. I'll
be neither art nor part in their doings, Kennedy iJajiis Bow (1867)
295. Dur.'
[(i) The old man which is Corrupt . . . who had art
and part ... in all our Bishops' persecutions, Hacket
Ahp. Williams (c. 1670) II. 86 (N.E.D.). (2) Gif evir I wes
othir art or part of Alarudis slauchter, Bellenden Cron.
Scot. (1536) XII. viii (Jam.). The jingling phr. art and part
arose fr. such an expression as ' to be concerned in either
by art or part ' (by contrivance or participation).]
ARTFUL, adj. e.An. [atful.] Clever, intelligent.
e.An.' Of our Lord in His mother's arms : ' How artful He do
look.' Suf. (F.H.) Ess. I have a strong impression that I have
heard a cottager say of her little boy : ' Yes, he's an artful little
fellow for his age' (A.S.P.).
ARTH, see Argh.
ARTICLE, sb. Yks. Der. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. e.An.
Sus. Hmp. Som. [a'tikl.] A term of contempt for an
inferior or worthless person or thing.
n.Yks. He's a bare article (I.W.). w.Yks. He's a bonny article
[spoken of a person exhibiting eccentricities of conduct of any kind]
iJ.R.). nw.Der.' n.Lin.' He's a sore article to be a parson;
he's nobud fit to eat pie oot o' th' road an' scar bo'ds fra beriy-
trees. Lei.' A's a noist airticle, a is! Nhp.' A pretty article he
is ! War.=3, e.An.' e.An.^ He is a poor article. Sus., Hmp.
Generally used with the adjunct ' poor.' That is a poor article,
Holloway. w.Som.' More commonly used of things. Of a bad
tool a man would say : Dhiish yuurz u pur'tee haar'tikul shoa'ur
nuuf [this is a pretty article sure enough].
[The contemptuous use of the word is due to its
ARTIFICIAL
[77]
AS
common use in trade for an item of commodity, as in the
phr. 'What's the next article ?' of the mod. shopkeeper.]
ARTIFICIAL, adj. Lei. Som. [atifijl.]
1. Used as ii. Artificial or chemical manure of any kind.
w.Som.^ Tidn a bit same's use ta, way farniorin, tliey be come
now vor to use such a sight o' this here hartificial. Darn'd it" I
don't think the ground's a-pwoisoned way ut. We never didn
hear nort about no cattle plaayg nor neet no voot-an-mouth avore
they brought over such a lot o' this here hartificial Goaan'ur
[Guano] or hot ee caal ut.
2. Artistic ; having the appearance of being produced
by art.
Lei.i The word artificial is rather eulogistic.
[2. Artificial, elaboratiis, ieclmiciis, affabre facUis, Cov£.s
(1679) ; Artificial, artful, done according to the rules of
art, Bailey (1770).]
ARTISHREW, see Harvest-row.
ARTIST, V. Sur. [a'tist.] To paint.
Sur. 1 never could artist a bit mysen, Bickley Sur. Hills (1890)
I. xiii.
Hence Artisting, Vbl. sb.
Sot. 1 dunno' approve o' this artistin'. . . it's only another naame
for idling abouiit, Bickley Sur. Hills (1890) I. xiii.
[From lit. E. artist, sb. a painter.]
ARVAL, sb. Sc. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Obsol. Also
written arfal Kennett; arvel N.Cy.' w.Yks.'*; arvil(l
n.Yks.2 w.Yks. m.Yks.i ; averiU n.Yks.^ w.Yks.
1. A funeral repast, usually consisting of bread or cakes
with ale. Also applied to funeral ceremonies in general.
Rxb. Arval, arvil-supper, the name given to the supper or enter-
tainment after a funeral (Jam.). n.Cy. Grose (17901; N.Cy.i,
Cum.i2 Wm.i Is ta ter be arvel at t'funeral ? The custom is still
observed. n.Yks. Come bring my jerkin, Tibb ; lie to'th arvill,
Meriton Piaisc Ale 1,1684) 1. 419 ; n.Yks.' The company assembled
— and the bidding is usually for an hour preceding midday— the
hospitalities of the day proceed, and after all have partaken of a
solid meal, and before the coffin is lifted for removal to the church-
yard, cake, or biscuits, and wine are handed round by two females
whose office is specially designated by the term ' servers ' ; n.Yks.*
Heard thirty years ago, but now obs. ne.Yks.' Obs. w.Yks. Hutton
Tour to Caves (1781) ; Now heard only in remote places like the
Haworth valley (S.P.U.) ; T'avole will be at t'Ling Bob iC.F.) ;
w.Yks.'* Lan. After the rites at the grave, the company adjourned
to a public-house, where they were presented with a cake and
ale, called an arval, Harland & Wilkinson Flk-Lore (,1867) 270 ;
Lan.', ne.Lan.'
2. Money given to hunters, at the death of a fox, in
order to buy ale.
ne.Lan.i
3. Comp. Arval-bread, -cake, the bread or cake pre-
sented to guests at a funeral ; -dinner, -supper, the
funeral entertainment.
n.Cy. Grose Sh/>/iA (1790) ; N.Cy. 2 Cum. The Dale Head stores
of small cake-loaves or arval-bread, and the like, had been generous,
Linton L/'s^/V /.o^YoK (i867^xxix; Cum.' Wm. Every person invited
to a funeral receives a small loaf at the door of the deceased , . .
the people call it arval-bread, Gough Manners (1847) 23 ;
Small loaves of fine wheatcn bread were distributed amongst the
persons attending a funeral ; they were expected to eat them at
home in religious remembrance of their deceased neighbour ( J. H.) ;
Wm.' n.Yks. He called them, not funeral biscuits, but averil
breead, Atkinson 71/oor/. Palish {\8gi) 228; n.Yks.' Confectioners
at Whitby still prepare a species of thin, light, sweet cake for such
occasions ; n.Yks.^ Averill-brecad, funeral Ibaves, spiced with
cinnamon, nutmeg, sugar, and raisins. Lan.', n.Lan.' Wm. Pre-
senting each relative and friend of the deceased with an arvel cake,
Deiiham Tracts (ed. 1895 i II. 55 ; Wm.', m.Yks.' n.Lan. The arvel
cake is still handed round on funeral occasions, A^. & Q. (1858) 2nd
S. vi. 468. Wm. Among the rich, the custom of distributing ar\'el
bread gradually yielded to a sumptuous arvel-dinner, Lonsdale
Mag. (1822) III. 377. ne.Lan.' Arval-dinners, given to friends who
attend a funeral from a distance ; common in Cartmel. n.Cy.
Arvill-supper, a feast made at funerals, Grose (1790, ; lK.)j N.Cy.^
[Arval, or Arvil, burial or funeral solemnity, hence
afvil-brcad, loaves distributed to the poor at funerals,
Bailey (1755). Dan. arve-Ol, ON. erfi 61, a wake, funeral
feast, comp. oi erfi, a funeral feast, and o/, an ' ale,' a ban-
quet, feast (see Ale). ON. aji is cogn. with er/il,
inheritance.]
ARVIE, sb. Sh.I. The common chickwecd, Slellaiia
media.
Sh. {K.l.), S. * Ork.'
[Dan. arve, chickweed ; cp. OE. earfe, a tare.]
AR-WO-HAY. inl. Nhb.
Nhb.' Ar-wo-hay, a cartman's term to his horse to steady.
ARY, see Harry.
AS, rel. proH. Var. dial, of Eng. Not in Sc. Nhb.
Cum. n. and e.Yks. (see At) w.Som. Dev. Occas. in Dur.
Will. w.Yks., where the usual rcl. is at, q.v. [sz.\
1. Used as rel. proit. in all genders, sing, and pi.
Dur. You mean him as Miss T. is going to marry A.B.). Wm.
A par o' shoes as he'd been niakkin. Spec. Dial. vi88o pt. ii. 33 ;
Wm.' Novvt as I knaa on. w.Yks. Her as ah once bed call'd mi
queen, Binns Yksnian. Xnias. No. (1888) 23; w.Yks.' Wlica's
sheep's them, as I sa yusterneet ? Lan. Every lad and everj' wench
as went, Harland Sc Wilkinson Flk-Lore (1867) 270. n.Lan.
I luk't for him as me sowl lovs, Phizackerley Sng. Sol. (i860)
iii. I. e.I/an.' He as buysstufl'asis wanted. Chs.' He's the chap
as did it; s.Chs.' Wen'shiz uz kun mil'k [wenches as can milk],
Inlrod. 70. s.Stf. The mon as did that disappeared, Pinnock Blk.
Cy. Ann. 118951 ; Stf.^ Der. Them two sheep as is in the croft,
Verney Slone Edge 1 1868 - ii. n.Der. Let a mon stick to his station
as is his station. Hall Halhersagc ,1896) vii. Lin. Proputty's
ivrything 'ere. . . fur them as 'as it's the best, Tennyson A'. Fanner,
New Style (1870) st. 11 ; Lin.' ; n.Lin.' Whose cauves was them
as 1 seed i' Messingham toon strcat ? Lei. Itz won az wuz gev
[given] mi (C.E.~|. Nbp.' War. Ready to kiss the ground as the
missis trod on, Geo. Eliot Amos Barton (,18581 vii ; War.^ A lad
as could kill a robin 'd doanythink ; War.* w.Wor. His butty, as,
he said, had fettled his osses, S. Beauchamp Grantley Grange 1874 1
1.30. Shr.' I'm sartin it wuz 'im as 1 sid comin'out o' tlie 'George';
Shr.^Those as liken. Hrf.' ; Hrf.^ The man as told me. Glo.' In
gen. use. Oxf.' The mummers say, ' Yer comes I as ant bin it [vet],
Wi' my gret yed, an' little wit [Yuur kuumz uuy uz aa-nt bin it,
Wi muuy gret yed, un litd wit]. Brks.' It was he as tawld I.
Bdf. Field's cart as takes Louisa's things to-morrer, Ward B.
Costrelt n8g5) 21. e.An.', Hnt. i,T.P.F.) Nrf. The song o'. songs,
as is Sorlomun's, Gillett Sng. Sol. i i86o^ i. 1. Ess. Buie that as
is needful, thy house to repaire, Tt;sSER Husbandrie 1580 1 57. st
47. Sur. They pore crethurs as has to moil, Bickley Sur. Hills
(i8go) I. i ; Sur.' Som. Doant put a muzzle on tha ox as draishes
out the corn, 'Agrikler' Rhymes (18721 75; In e.Som. 'as'
is used for the relative, but in w. we should say 'dhu niae-un want
[what] diied ut,' Elworthy Craxi. (1877 1 41. n.Wil. Tcake us th'
voxes, th' leetle voxes. as spwiles th' vines. Kite Sng. Sol. (c. i860)
ii. 15; Wil.' Dor. iH.J.M.) Cor. ^ He's the man as did it j^in common
use). [Amer. Nobody as I ever heard on, Bartlett.]
2. As+ poss. pron. used for gen. case of rel.
s.Chs.' That's th' chap as his uncle was hanged. Introd. 70.
Sm. A gentleman from India, as j'ou see his name writ up,
Jennings Field Paths (1884) 22 ; Sur.' That shepherd wc had as
his native were Lewes.
3. In phr. (i) as everts; (2) as was (in gen. colloq. use),
formerly, ne'e ; also used redundantly ; (3) all as is, the
whole matter, the whole.
(i) Dor. Last Monday as ever wur (H.J.M.). Dev.3 I'll come an'
zee 'e the next Monday as-ivvcr-is. (2 s. Not. Ahve just seed Miss
Wright. Miss Wright as was, ah should say— Mrs. Smith. 1 wor
coming across Tomkins' orchard as was J.P.K.). Lin. Only last
Soonday .IS was, Fenn Cure 0/ Souls 11889 7, (3^ Lei.' Oi II tell
yer missus on yer, an' that's all as is. War.* All as is, is this, I sid
'im tek th' opple mj'sclf. w.Wor.' I'll give 'ee ahl-as-is. Slir.'
All .IS is is tliis ... so now yo' knowen. Wil.'
[Nor will he . . . wish his mistress were that kind of
fruit As maids call medlars, Siiaks. A'. &= J. 11. 1.3.^; Those
as sleep and think not on their sins, ib. Merry Ii . v. v. 57.]
AS, adv. In var. dial, uses in n. and midl. counties ;
also Sc. Irel. e.An. Ken. Sus. Som. [az.]
1. Used redundantly.
e.Yks.' Ah can't think as hoo it's deeati,.fl/S. add. (T.H.) w.Yks.
We stopt wi' Jane Ann as nearly an hahr {JE,.^.). Lan. I hope
as that ye'll nut be vext, Harland & Wilkinson Flk-Lore (.1867)
60 ; We hannot had a battle i' this heawse as three j-ear an' moor,
Waugh Owd Bodle, 253. Stf.* My feyther died as twel' months
come Monday. nw.Der.' Not. It'll be Goose Fair a fortnight as
yesterday (L.C.M.V n.Lin.' He hesn't been here sin a munth as
last Boltesworth feiist. sw.Lin.' A week as last Monday. Nhp.'
I expect him as next week. War.= I'm gooin' to my uncle's as next
AS
[78]
ASH
Sunday. Shr.^ 'E toud me they wun gwein theer as nex' Saturday ;
Shr.2 Glo. We expected him as yesterday, N. &= Q. (1878, 5th S.
ix. 256. s.Oxf. Wot might you be thinkin' o' doin' about that now ?
As how? [in what way?] Rosemary Chilteriis 1895 168. Mid.
Don't you remember me, as how I was squeezed and scrouged
into your little back room, Grose Olio (17961 105-6. e.An.' He
will come as to-morrow. Ken.^ I reckon you'll find it's as how it
is. Sus. I can only say as this, I done the best I could, N. Cr" Q.
(1878 5th S. xi. 288. w.Som.i He promised to do un as to-morrow.
You zee, sir, 'tis like as this here.
2. In phr. (i) as how, however; (2) as to, towards, with
regard to ; (3) as lahat, as ivhcrc, wliatever, wherever.
( I ) w.Yks. He couldn't find a lass to suit him, as hah he lukt aht,
Hartley Clock Aim. (1887) 40. Lan. I mun do this house up th'
first, as how, Waugh Sphinx \ 1870) iii. (2 i Ir. How the devil can
a man be stout as to a man. and afraid of a ghost ? Barrington
Sketches (1830) I. viii. (3 i w.Yks. Decide at yo'll be happy as what
happens. Hartley C/of*^/j«.i 188814; He'z abetter breed nerthee
ony daay, az where he comes thro', Eccles Leeds Oliii. '. 1879) 23.
[Before /ww it is sometimes redundant, but this is in
low language, Bailey (1755). s.v. As; Whanne thei
hadden rowid as fyue and twenti furlongis, Wyclif (1388)
Jo/iii vi. 19.]
3. How. Obs. ?
Sc. See as our gudemither's hands and lips are ganging . . .
she'll speak eneugh the night, Scott Antiqitary fi8i6) xxvi.
AS, couj. Sc. Irel. and in gen. use in Eng., but rarely
in sense 2 in those districts where at (q.v.) is used, [az.]
1. After comparative : than.
Sc. Very common in s. counties. Better weir schuin as sheets,
Murray Dial. ^18731 i6g ; I rather like him as otherwise, Scott
St. Rouaii (1824) xxvi ; I wad rather see them a' ower again, as
sic a fearfu' flitting as hers ! ib. Antiquary (1816; xl ; Nay, more
as that, they cut out his hair, 5co//f. (1787) 119; I would rather go
as stay, ib. 8. N.I.' I'd rather sell as buy. Yks. Better rue sell
as rue' keep, Prov. in Biighoiise News (July 23, 1887) ; Better hev
a maase i' t'pot as nae flesh, ;6. (Aug. 10. 1889 . n.Yks. (I.W.)
w.Yks. I'd rather break steeans by t'rooad as dew so, Lucas Stud.
Nidderdale (c. 1882) 231. [U.S.A. I would rather see him as you,
Dial. Notes (1895 376.]
2. Introducing subord. clause : that.
Yks. I'll see as he wants nowt, Westall Birch Dene (1889: I.
232. w.Yks. Tell Jack ah'm bahn to Bradforth to-morn, so's he
can go wi' mha, Leeds Mere. Siippl. (May 30, 1891) ; Ah've heeard
as Fred Greenud an' Polly Scott wor bahn to bewedsooin (>E.B.\
Lan. It's nowt o' th' soart ; dunnot yo threep me doun as it is,
Burnett //a!£>o>7/;s 1887 jxvi. ne.Lan.' He said as he wod. Stf.^
Is it true as your Bill's bin put i'th 'ob? [prison]. -n.Der. They
do say as his carpenters, havin' built th' ark, . . . weren't let enter
in, Hall Hathersage (1896) vii. s.Not. I don't know as I can,
Prior Renie ^1895^ 36. Lei. If you'll bring me any proof as I'm
in the wrong, Geo. Eliot S. Marner ' 1861I 40 ; Lei.' Almost a uni-
versal substitute for ' that.' War.2 w.Wor.^ You don't think as
I've took that spoon ? ( s. v. Hurt). Slir.' They sen as the cranna-
berries bin despert scase this time. Glo. I war'n as th' owld
squire must a' felt quite proud o' hisself. Buckman Darke's Sojourn
(i8go) 6 ; GI0.2 He took his woath as I layed a drap. s.Oxf. I
don't know as I can, Rosemary Chilterns (18951 41. Snr. History
do tell as a high tide came up, Jennings Field Paths (18841 3.
Hmp.' I don't know as I do. Wil. I seed in the paper as the rate
is gone down a penny, Jefkeries Gt. Estate 18801 ix. n.Wil.
Come back, as we med look upon 'ee. Kite Sng. Sol. <c. i860)
vi. 13. Dev. I couldn't say as I knowed the rights of it, O'Neill
Idylls (18921 22.
3. As how, as why, before subord. clause : that.
Cum.' He said as how he wad nivver gang near them. w.Yks.
Ah doan't knawashah Ahs'll goa ageean (^.B. . Lan. We have
heard say as how he's coming home, Fothergill Probation 1879) i,
Stf.^ I toud 'im as 'ow he'd cum too late. He said as why he
couldna come. There is even the construction ' He said as how
as why he couldna come.' Not. He said as how the fox ran clean
past him (L.C.M.) ; Not.^ h.Lin.' He said as how he was a loongin'
theaf. Lei.* Nhp.' He said as how he'd come. War.°^ Slir,'
I 'eard the maister tellin' the missis as 'ow *e wuz gwein to
Stretton far ; Shr.^ Saying as how he is an oud mon. Brks.* A
telled muh as zo his ship was sheared las' Tuesday. Hnt. iT, P.F.)
Ess. She shoolly mighter sin as how the booy warnt right, Downes
Ballads (1895) 23. Hmp. I knows as how he did it (H.C.M.B,).
4. With or without anteced. as, and ellipsis of can be :
expressing superl. degree.
n.Yks. As salt as salt (I.W.V w.Yks. As heait as heait [hot],
Lucas Stud. Nidderdale i c. 1882 231 ; Hard as hard, very hard.
Hot as hot, as hot as possible, Banks Il'k/ld. IVds (1865I. Chs-
As happy as happy, CloughB. Bresskittle ' 1879'! 16. s.Stf. Ashot as
hot.PiNNOCiciJ/* C)'..<4«»!.li895). Lei.iC.E.l; Lei.' One of the com-
monest descriptive formulas. War. He'll come back as ill as ill,
Geo. Eliot Janet's Repent. (1858) viii ; War.' ; s.War.' As lusty
as lusty [in excellent health]. s.Wor.' As black as black, and
so with other epithets. Glo. (A.B.) s.Oxf. Once a fortnight
I bakes reglar, an' that keeps as moist as moist, Rosemary
Chilterns (18951 98. Oxf.' MS. add. Ess. There's no mistaike,
Hill, he's as owd as owd, Downes Ballads 118951 34. Som. His
hair, 'twas as black as black, Leith Lemon Verbena (18951 50.
Colloq. The sea was wet as wet could be, The sand was dry as
dry, Carroll Through Looking-glass 1872).
[1. Ther can nocht be ane mair vehement perplexite as
quhen ane person, &c., Coiiiplayiit of Sc. (i^^g) 71. Cp.
G. iiiehr als. 2. That the Fop . . . should say as he would
rather have such-a-one without a groat than me with
the Indies, Sped. No. 508.]
A-SAM, adv. Obs. Cor. Of a door : ajar.
Cor.2 I he door's a-sam.
[A-, on + sail! (half), q.v.]
ASCANT, rtrfy. n.Yks. [sska'nt.] Oblique.
n.Yks.2
A-SCAT, aav. Dev. [sskae't.] Broken like an egg.
Dev. Grose 1790") ; Monthly Mag . 1808 II. 422 ; Holloivay.
[A-, on + sent; see Scat (to scatter).]
A-SCRAM, adv. Dor. [askram.] Of a limb :
shrunken, withered.
Dor. She reluctantly showed the withered skin. 'Ah ! 'tis all
a-scram ! ' said the hangman, examining it. Hardy U'ess. Tales
^I888l I. 117 ; It would be normal to say ' His arm is all a-scram,'
though if attrib. ' He has a scram arm ' I^O.P.C). '
[A- {pn'f.^°}+ scram, q.v.]
ASCRIBE, adv. Som. Cor. Written ascrode Cor.'
Astride.
Som. Nif he'd ... a brumstick vor'n to zit ascride, Jennings
Obs. Dial. U'.Eng. ' 18251 118. Cor.' She rode ascrode.
[A-, on + scride (prob. a pron. of stride}.]
ASEE, sb. Or.I. The angle contained between the
beam and handle on the hinder side of a plough.
S. & Ork.' Or.I. Also called Nick Jam.).
ASELF, see Atself.
A-SEW, adv. I.W. Dor. Som. Cor. Also_ written
assue Som.; azew Cor.'; azue Cor.'^ [azde.] Of
cows : dry, no longer in milk.
I.W. The cows were assue, Moncrieff Dream in Gent. Mag.
(1863'] ; I.W.' The wold cow's azew ; I.W.^ 1 wants moor milk
than I got, ver near all the cows be gone azew. Dor. In common
use round Dorchester O.P.C); I don't want my cows going
azew at this time of year, Hardy Tess (1891 ; 139 ; Dor.' Som.
A cow is said to have 'gone a-zue,' Pulman Sketches (1842 1 77 ;
I'll zell your little sparked cow that's gone a-sue, Raymond Sam
and Sabina ( 1894 , 43 ; W. & J. G/. ( 18731 ; Jennings Obs. Dial.
w.Eng. (i825>. w.Som.' A cow before calving, when her milk is
dried off, is said to be azue, or to have gone ' zue.' Cor.'^
[A- (pref.^°) + sns.'. q.v.]
ASGAL, see Asker.
ASH, sb.^ In var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. Eng. Also
written ass, ess ; see below, [as, es, aej.]
1. Collective sing., usually written ass or ess : fine ashes,
usually from coal. See Axen.
Sc. What wad ye collect out of the sute and the ass ? Scott
B of Lam. (1819') xi ; While I sithurklen in the ase, Ramsay Tea-
Table Misc. ' 1724'! I. no, ed. 1871. Fif. It'll no dac to sit crootlin'
i' the ace a' yer days, Robertson Prcroost 18941 72. Ayr. In
loving bleeze they sweetly join. Till white in ase they're sobbin.
Burns //«//oz«iffH (1785! St. 10. N.I.' Aas. N.Cy.', Nhb.', Dur.'
Cum. Grose (,1790); Gl. 11851); Meeting a boy with a good-
looking ass drawing a cart laden with coal, he called out, 'Stop,
you boy. Whose ass is that ? ' — ' It's nut ass at o', it's smo' cwol,'
Dickinson Citmbr (1876) 298. Wm.i n.Yks.' Clamed wiv ass,
smeared over with ashes ; n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.' Put a bit o' ass
uppo t'trod, it's sae slaap. e.Yks. Marshall Riir. Econ. I17881 ;
e.Yks.' w.Yks. Swept all t'ass oft'crust, Vk-esto-s Moorside Musins
in Yksnian. (1878, 59 ; w.Yks.' I hev nout to do, but riddil ass,
!'• 357 ; w.Yks.2 Coke ass ; w.Yks.^" Lan. Ewt o' th' ass un
dirt i' th' asshoyle, Paul BoBBiN5<'7»f/(i8i9i 41. n.Lan. Piat as
ASH
[79]
ASH
iz nat bad till [manure]. Lan.i Come, lass, sweep th' ess up,
an' let's bi lookin' tidy ; neXan.', e.Lan.^ Chs. Skeer the esse,
separate the dead ashes from the embers, Ray 116911; (K.);
Chs.' ^ Stf. ' Esse ' are only the ashes of turfs when burned for
compost (,K.). s.Stf. This coal mak's a nasty white ess, Pinnock
Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895). Stf.'^ Oi waz getting' es up Ms mornin loik
an barnt mi and wi sum ot sindorz [I was getting the ess up this
morning like, and burnt my hand with some hot cinders]. Der.'^,
nw.Der.', War. l^J.R.W.), War.3, w.Wor.i Shr.i Yore garden
seems to be a very stiff sile, John ; if I wuz yo' I'd sprade some
ess an' sut on ; Shr.^, Hrf.'^
2. Coinp. (i) Ash-ball, obs., see below; (2) -board,
a wooden box or tray to hold ashes ; (3) -brass, money
obtained by the sale of ashes ; (4) -cake, a cake baked on
the hearth; (5) -card, a fire-shovel ; (6) -cat, (7) -chat,
one who crouches over the fire; (8) -cloth, (9) -coup,
see below; (10) -grate, (11) -grid, a grating over the
'ash-hole'; (12) -heap-cake, (13) -lurdin. (14) -man,
(15) -manure, (16) -mixen, (17) -muck, (18) -mull, (19)
-padder, (20) -peddlar, (21) -pit, (22) rook, (23) -water,
see below. [See further s.v. Ash-backet, -hole, -midden,
-nook, -riddle, -trug.]
(I , Shr.' Balls made of the ashes of wood or fern damped with
water ; afterwards sun-dried . . . and used for making buck-lee.
Put a couple o' them ess-balls i' the furnace an' fill it up OOth
waiter for the lee. Ess-balls were sold in Shrewsbury market in
181 r, and prob. much later on. 121 Cum. Asbuird, Gkose (1790)
MS. add. iD.A.^ ; He'sbut an asbuird nieaker, Anderson Ballads
(1808) IVully Miller. Wm. & Cum.' Wi' th" ass buurd for a teable,
201. Wm.', ne.Lan.' !3"i w.Yks. Ony wumman differin abaght
dividin' t'hass-brass sal pay one penny, Tom Treddlehoyle
Bainisla Ann. (.1847^ 29. (4 ■ Dev.^ When the hearthstone is very
hot the ashes are swept off and the asli-cake laid on it. A sauce-
pan cover is then set over, and the ashes carefully replaced on the
cover. i5")n.Yks.^ Ass-card, Ass caird, afire-shovel for cleaning or
carding up the hearth-stone (see Card; ; n.Yks.^ e.Yks. Marshall
Rur. Econ. U788i Stippl. m-Yks."^ i6i Lan.' Ass-cat, a term of
contempt applied to lazy persons who hang habitually over the fire.
Dev. Why you be a reg'lar ash-cat sitting over the fire, Repoiis
Provinc. ' 1887) 3 ; An axen-cat is one that paddles or draws
lines in the ashes with a stick or poker, Monllily Mag. 18081 II.
422. (7) Dev.^ Ashchat, a person who leans over the fire, with
elbows on knees, in a dreamy attitude 8 Ken. P'' for an Ash-
cloth for the Workhouse, 6s. 6(/., PZ/rr/'/t')' Ovcrsfers' Ace. (1796)
(P.M.), Sus.* Ash cloth, a coarse cloth fastened over the top of the
wash-tub and covered first with marsh-mallow leaves and then with
a layer of wood ashes [through this the water was strained by
washerwomen in order to soften it], (9) n.Yks.' Ass-coup, a kind
of tub or pail to carry ashes in (see Coup ; n.Yks.^ ne.Yks.'
In rare use. 1 10 Cum. Ass-grate, the grated cover over the hollow
beneath a kitchen fireplace where the ashes drop (M.P. ; Cum.i
ne.Wor. In this district the word Ass or Ess is used only in the
comp. Ess-grate, the coverto the ' purgatory ' iJ.W.P.). (n. Chs.'
Ess-grid. Stf.', War. 1 J.R.W.) (12 n. Lin.' Ash-heap cake, a cake
baked on the hearth under hot wood embers. (131 s.Chs,' Hoo's a
terrible ess-lurdin, auvays comin' croodlin' i' th' fire [cf. Ass-cat],
(14) n.Yks. '^ Ass-man, the dustman, scavenger. (151 n.Yks.' Ass-
manner, manure, so called, of which the chief constituent is ashes,
especially peat or turf ashes. ne.Yks.' In common use. 1, i6'i
s.Chs.' Ess-mixen, the mixen or heap upon which the ashes are
thrown. 1 17 1 n.Yks. ' They'll be all clamed wiv . . . ass-muck,' in
other words, smeared over with peat-ashes and such other refuse
as is thrown into an ordinary moorland ash-pit, Atkinson Moorl.
Parish (1891') I20 ; n.Yks.2 (18) ib. Ass mull or Turf-mull (q. v.\
the ashes from a turf fire. (191 Dev. Ash-padder, or Pedder, also
called Axwaddle, q. v., Grose (i-jgo) MS. add. (H. 1; Dev.^ Ash-
padder, a person who goes from cottage to cottage collecting wood-
ashes, which are bought by farmers to mix at sowing time with
seeds. (20) Som. Axpeddlar, a dealer in ashes, W, & J . Gl. \ 1 873 !.
(21) Sc. Ane o' the prentices fell i' the ase-pit. Chambers Pup.
Rlivmes (1870) 83. Chs.^ Ash-pit, the general receptacle of the
rubbish and dirt of a house. [In gin. use.] (22'i Chs.' Ess-rook,
a dog or cat that likes to lie in the ashes. Shr.' This kitlin' inna
wuth keepin', — it's too great a ess-rook, (23. Ken, To have , . .
usefuU utensils to wash with, to make bucking, ash water, &c.,
Pluckley Veslry Bk. (Feb. 1787); Ash-water is hard water made
soft for washing clothes by pouring it through an ash-cloth vq. v.).
The process is still in use P M. ).
[1. The litle cloude as aske he sprengeth, Wyclif
(1382) Ps. cxlvii. 16 ; Which . . . spredith abrood a cloude
as aische, ib. (1388) ; Kloude as aske he strewis. Ham-
pole Ps. cxlvii. 5. OE, asce, ' cinis,']
ASH, A-6,* In var, dial, uses throughout Sc, Irel. Eng.
Also written esh Nhb.' n.Yks,* w,Yks,* n,Lin,' ; eisch
Lan,' [aj, ej.]
1, The leaf of an ash-tree ; in comb. Even-ash, Even-
leaf ash,
N.I.' Even ash, an ash-leaf with an even number of leaflets, used
in a kind of divination. The young girl who finds one repeats
the words — ' This even ash 1 hold in my ban'. The first I meet is
my true man.' She then asks the first male person she meets on
the road what his Christian name is, and this will be the name
of her fiiture husband. Nhb. Even-esh is a lucky find, and is put
into the bosom, or worn in the hat, or elsewhere, for "luck
(R.O. H.); Even -ash, under the shoe, will get you a sweetlieart. It is
placed in the left shoe, Denliam TVac/sied. 1895 1. 282 ; Nhb.' It
is considered as lucky to find an even-esh as to find a four-leaved
clover. w.Shr. [Used for divination, as in Irel.] in agreement with
the well-known rhyme — ' Even ash and four-leaved clover. See
your true-love ere the day's over,' Bukne FlkLore 1883) 181.
Wil.' On King Charles' day. May 29, children carry Shitsack,
sprigs of young oak, in the morning, and Powder-monkey, or
Even-ash, ash-leaves with an equal number of leaflets, in the
afternoon 's.v. Shitsack. nw.Dev.' A haivm laiv ash An* a vower
laiv clauver. You'll sure to zee your true love Avore the day's
auver, Introd. 20.
2. Comp. (i) Ash-candles, (2) -chats, (3) -holt, see below;
(4) -keys, the seed-vessels of the ash (see Keys) ; (5)
-plant, an ash sapling or stick ; (6) -planting, a beating
with an ash stick; (7) -stang, (8) -stob. (9) -stole, (10)
-tillow, see below ; (11) •top,a variety of potato; (i2)-weed,
ALgopodiuut podagraria, or goutweed.
U) Dor. Ash-candles, the seed-pod of the ash-tree, Gl. (1851'^ ;
Dor.i (2) n.Cy. Ash-chats, or keys, Grose (1790) s.v. Chat,
q.v. (3^ U.Lin.' Esh-holl, a small grove of ash trees. 14I Sc.
I have seen the ash-keys fall in a frosty morning in October,
Scott Bk. Dwatf {1Q16 . vii. Nhb. Ash-keys is the common term
for the seed of the ash (R.O.H. , w.Yks,* An old farmer in Full-
wood affirmed that there were no ash-keys in the year in which
King Charles was put to death. Lan.' Let's ga an' gedder some
eisch-keys an' lake at conquerors [i.e. the wings of the seed are
interlocked ; each child then pulls, and the one whose ' keys ' break
is conquered], e,Lan.', Chs. '3, Not.', n.Lin.', Lei.' Nhp.' The
failure of a crop of ash-keys is said to poitend a death in the royal
family. War.^, Sur.' Dev." Also called locks and-keys, shacklers.
[The fruit like unto cods ... is termed in English, Ash-keyes, and
of some, Kite-keyes, GERARDE'ed. 1633 1472] (51 w.Yks.^An ash
stick is usually called an esh-plant. s.Chs.' Tha wants a good ash-
plant abowt thy back. Stf.* If the dustna let them cows bc, I'll
lay this ash-plant about thf. n.Lin. Cuts hissen a esh-plant to
notch doon all the fools he fin's on. Peacock Tales and Rhymes
(i886) 63; n.Lin.' There is a widespread opinion that if a man
takes a newly cut esh plant not thicker than his thumb, he may
lawfully beat his wife with it. War.^ An ash-plant is an article
that no well furnished farm-house and few schoolmasters would be
without, Dev, On the leeward side of a stiff bulwark of newly
bill hooked aihplant, Blackmore Kit (1890) II. i, 161 n.Lin. I'll
gie ye an esh-plantin' ye weant ferget. Peacock Taales 1889 89.
I 7 n.Yks.2 Esh-stang, an ash-pole, i 8 li. Esh-stob, an ash-post.
19 Wil. Hares . . . slip quietly out from the form in the rough
grass under the ashstole [stump], Jefferies Gamekeeper (1878; 31.
(lo'i Hmp. Ash tillows are young ash-trees left growing when a
wood is cleared, Marshall Reviciv i 1817 > V. (11 : Ess. Those on
the right are ashtops. Baring-Gould Mehalah f 18851 '54- ('2)
Shr. Ash weed, perhaps from casual resemblance to the leaf of the
Ash. Wil.', w.Som.'
3. With adj. used attrib. in plant-names : (i) Blue ash,
Syriiiga vulgaris, lilac (Glo.) ; (2) Chaney ash, Cvlisiis
labiiyiiiiiit (Chs.); (3) French ash, C. labiinitim (Uer.);
(4) Ground ash, JEgopodiiiiii podagraria (Chs. Lin. War.) ;
Angelica sylvcslris (n.Cy.) ; (5) -Spanish ash, Sj'n'iiga vul-
garis (Glo.); (6) Sweet ash, /I iil/irisais sylveslris [Glo.) ;
(7) White a.sh, Sj'riiti;a vidgaris (G\o.) ; ALgopodium poda-
graria (Som.) ; (8) "Wild as'h, ^.podagraria (Cum.).
G!o.' Spanish ash, the lilac. w.Som.' White ash, the plant
goutweed. Usual name.
[Esch key, frute, clava, Prompt. ; Ash-weed, Herba
Gerardi, Coles (1679); Ayshwa;de, Ilcrbe Gerard, or
Goutworte, Minsheu (1617). J
ASH
[80]
ASH-NOOK
ASH, V. Yks. Lin. Written esh. [e/.] To flog, beat ;
cf. to birch, hazel.
e.Yks. So called from the esh [ash] plant being the instrument
used by the castigator, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889) 26; e.Yks.'
w.Yks. M.B.) n.Lin.i If we catch boys gettin' bod nests we
esh 'em.
ASH, see Arrish.
ASHARD, adv. Glo. WiL [aja-d.] Of a door : ajar.
See Ashore.
Glo.i n.Wil. (oAso/.) The door's ashard (G.E.D.). WU.i Put
the door ashard when you goes out.
[A- (/>>r/!°) +5/;o>r(/ (propped).]
ASH-BACKET, sb. Sc. Written ass-, ase-backet
(Ja*.). a small tub or square wooden trough for holding
ashes.
w. &s.Sc. Dimin. ofassback, a back or tub for ashes f J am.'). Abd.
Aise-backet, the common name for what in Per. is called a backie
(G.W.>. Gall. The aristocratic avenues of the park, bordered with
frugal lines of 'ash backets' for all ornament, Crockett SlickU
Milt. 1 1893 I 155.
ASH-COLOURED LOON, sb. The great crested Glebe,
Podiceps cn's/a/ns. Also called Ash-coloured Swan.
SwAINSON Birds I 1885 21 S.
ASH-COLOURED SAND-PIPER, s6. Irel. The Knot,
Ttiiiga caiuitiis.
It. So ciUed from the sober tints of its feathers in winter,
SwAiNSON Hirds (18851 '95-
ASHELT, advb. phr. Obs. Yks. Lan. Perhaps,
probably.
w.Yks. Watson //('s/.////Cv (1775^531; CvD\vomiiHotion(i866');
w.Yks.* Lan. Cou'd ashelt sell bur eh this tother pleck, Tim
Bobbin View Dial. 1,1746) 29, ed. 1806 ; Davies Races (1856; 270;
Lan.i
[As + helt iWk&Xy), q.v.]
ASHEN, sb. Lan. Chs. Der. Obsol. Written eshin.
A kind of pail, used for carrying milk.
n.Cy. I K. I ; Eskin [5;c], Grose (17901; N.Cy.^ w.Lan. Bring
th' eshin here (H.M.^. Chs.' Wooden milkpails are still in occas.
use. Often pronounced Heshin, and [soiaetimes] so spelt in
auctioneers' catalogues ; Chs.' These pails are, I believe, always
made of ash wood. Der.' Ubs.
Hence Eshintle, an ' ashen ' or ' eshin ' full.
Chs. Get a eshintle o' th' best Jock Barleycorn, Clough B.
Bressh'//!e iSig, 16; Chs.'^
[See Ashen, adj.]
ASHEN, ad/. Lei. War. Shr. Glo. e.An. Ken. Sus. Wil.
Dor. Som. Cor. [a'Jan, as'Jsn.]
1. Made of the wood of the ash ; belonging to the ash.
Sus.' Wil. Slow Gl. 118921. n.'Wil. I wants a aishen stake
(E.H G.). Dor. The moss, a beat vrom trees, did lie Upon the
ground in ashen droves, Barnes Poems 118691 87. w.Som.' Su
geod u aa-rshn tae-ubl-z livur yiie zeed [as good an ash table as
you ever saw]. Cor. Charm for the bite of an adder — ' Bradgty,
bradgty, bradgty, under the ashing leaf,' Quiller-Couch Hist.
Polf-eno f 18711 148.
2. Comp. (i) Ashen-faggot, a faggot of ash-wood ; (2)
-keys, the fruit of the ash ; (3) -plant, an ash sapling ;
(4) -tree, the ash.
!, I w.Som.' AaTshn faaknit, the large faggot which is alw.iys
made of ash to burn at the merry-making on Christmas Eve — both
Old and New. We know nothing of a yule-log in the West. It
is from the carouse over the ashen-faggot that farmers with their
men and guests go out to wassail the apple-trees on old Christmas
Eve (Jan. 5). The faggot is always specially made with a number
of the ordinary halse binds, or hazel withes. (2) Ken.' Ashen-
keys, so called from their resemblance to a bunch of keys. (siWar.^
Ashen-plant, an ash sapling cut to serve as a light walking-stick
or cane. Shr.' Whad a despert srode lad that Tum Rowley is,
•e wants a good ashen-plant about 'is 'ide ; Shr.' Lay a good
eschen plant across his shouthcrs. (4^ Lei. ' Ashentree, Ashentree,
Pray buy these warts of me.' A wart-charm. A pin is stuck into
the tree, and afterwards into a wart, and then into the tree again,
where it remains a monument of the wart which is sure to perish,
Northall Gl. (1896}. War.2 Glo.', e.An.', Sufif. (C.T.) Dor.
Aishcn-tree.
[By ashen roots the violets blow, Tennyson In Mem.
cxv ; At once he said, and threw His ashen spear,
Dryden (Johnson) ; Ashen keys, Fruclus /ra.xiiieiis,
Imgua aviculae, Coi.ES (1679). ^sh, sb.2-^ -«/, adj. suff.]
ASHER, adj. Yks. [e'Jar.] Made of ash wood. Also
used as sb.
n.Yks. Ah teeak a esher, an' gav t'dog a good threshing (I. W.) ;
n.Yks.' An asher pail. An asher broom.
' [Ash (the tree)4--fr, of doubtful origin.]
ASHET, sb. Sc. Nhb. [a-Jet.] A dish on which a
joint is served ; also used for a pie-dish.
Sc. Scolic. 1 1787 9 ; Grose 1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Gie me here
John Baptist's head in an aschet, Henderson St. Malt. 1 1862, xiv. 8.
S. & Ork.'^ MS. add. Ir.v. (H.E.F.) Bwk. What sort of a plate,
or ashet, or server it was placed upon, Henderson Pop
Rhymes (,1856) 24. Slk. You're a dextrous cretur, wi' your ashets
o' wat and dry toast, Chr. North Nodes Ambios. (ed. 1856) III.
95. Nhb. Heard on the n. borders, but not in gen, use, and prob.
introduced by immigrants from Scotland iR.OH.).
[Fr. assictte, a trencher-plate (Cotgr.).]
ASH-HOLE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Lin.
War. Wor. Shr. Dor. Also written ass-, ais(s- Sc; ass-
hooal nYks.2 ne.Yks.' e.Yks.'; -hwole Nhb.'; -boil
w.Yks.^; ess- Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. War. Wor. Shr.; ess-
hwole Nhb.' ; axen- Dor.' [a's-, e's-ol, -csl, -oil.]
L A hole to receive ashes, beneath or in front of the
grate. Also called Purgatory, q.v.
Sc. The cat [was] in the ass-hole, makin at the brose, Down fell
a cinder and burnt the cat" s nose, Chambers Pop. Rhymes (1870)
27. Per. Ais-hole G.W.i. eLth. The wumman that tint the sax-
pence, an' soopit oot her hoose but an' ben, an' rakit oot the aiss-
hole, Hu.nter /. Iiizvick (1895I 21. Edb. Throwing the razor into
the ass-hole, MoiR MansieWauch\i828]^2. Nhb.', n.Yks.', ne.Yks.',
e.Yks.' w.Yks. He threw it into t'ass-hooal, 'Eavesdropper' Vill.
Life (1869I 7; w.Yks.'; w.Yks.^ Tell'd her a hunderd times nivver
to put t'poaker i' t'ass-hoil. Lan. Deawn he coom o' th' harstone,
on his heeod i' th' esshole, Tim Bobbin View Dial. (1746; 52, ed.
1819 ; Thou'd rayther sit i' th* hesshole, brunnin' thy shins i'
th' fire, than stick to thy loom, Brierley Cast upon World 1,18861
25 ; Lan.' m.Lan.' ' Dusta think as a ass-hoyle is a place to put a
jackass in ?' aw axt him. He dud ! Chs.' Often used metaphorically
for the fire itself. Ah set wi' my knees i' th' ess-hole aw day long ;
Chs.3 Go's rootin in the esse hole, aw dee. s.Chs.' To *root i'
the ess-hole ' is a common expression for staj-ing constantly by the
fire. s.Stf. We roasted taj'turs in the ess-hole, Pinnock Blk. Cv,
Ami. 11895). Stf.2, nw.Der.', n.Lin.', War. J. R.W.I, w.Wor.'
Shr.' Common ; Shr.^ Also called the Purgatory. Dor.'
2. An outdoor ash-heap or dust-hole.
Sc. A round excavation in the ground out of doors, into which
the ashes are carried from the hearth (Jam. '. n.Yks.' ^ w.Yks.
Leeds Merc. Sitppl. May 30, 1891). n.Lin.'
ASHIEPATTLE, sb. Sc. Irel. Also written aessie-
pattle S. & Ork.' ; asliiepelt Irel. [e'si-patl, a'Ji-pelt.]
A dirty child, that lounges about the hearth; also applied
to animals. Sometimes used adjectivally. Cf. ashcat.
Sh.I. Still in common use ; applied occasionally as a term of
contempt to any of the young domestic animals, such as pigs,
kittens. Sec, which are often found lying at the fireside in a country
house (K.I.). S. & Ork.' Sc. (Jam.) n.Ir. Obsol. (M.B.-S.)
Ant. Ashipelt, Ballymeiia Obs. (1892V Dub., Dr. Common here,
but seldom heard n. of the Boyne i,M.B.-S.).
[Prob. a der. oi ash-pit. See Ash, sb} 2. Cp. G. aschen-
pultel; see Grimm Myth. 107 (Sanders).]
ASH-MIDDEN, sb. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Chs. Der. Written ess- Chs. Der. ; ass-, ais- Sc.
[a's-, e's-midsn.] An ash-heap.
Per. (G.W.), N.Cy.', Nhb.', Dur.' Cum. & Wm. Thou's niver
been five mile frae an ass-midden [a comic banter](M. P.). n.Yks.'^,
ne.Yks.', m.Yks.' w.Yks. When t'ship lands on t'ass-midden
[referringto an unlikely contingency^, Proi'. in Brighotise News(]u\y
23, 1887) ; Fotch a soop up, for we're all three as dry as a ass-
midden. Hartley Ptiddiii 1 18761 46 ; w.Yks.' He then com ower
t'ass-midden to t'door, ii. 293; w.Yks.^* Lan. Aw'd dee upo' th*
fust hess-middin ut aw coom to, Brieri.ey Layrock (1864) xi ;
n.Lan. I nivver went mair 'an a mile frae me an ass-midden,
PiKETAH Foitiess Flk. 18701 34. ne.Lan.' Chs.' He'll never get
a mile from a ess-midden, Prop. nw.Der.'
ASH-NOOK, sb. Yks. Written ass- Yks. [a-s-niuk.]
1. The space beneath the grate where the ashes fall.
n.Yks.2 w.Yks. A grc.it bahncin ratten [rat] jumpt aht at
asnook, BY^VATER Sheffield Dial. (18391 8; Bang went eggs, col-
lops, an' t'plate, reight intut ass nook, Oewsbrt Dim. (1866) 14 ;
w.Yks.2 3 5
ASHORE
[8i]
ASK
2. The chimney-corner, ' ingle-nook.'
w.Yks. Com' sit in t'assnook wi' me (W.F.'l ; He sat hisscn
daan i' th* assnook, an' Maily gate liim a giil o' hooam brew'd,
Hartley Clotk Aim. (,1887) a ; Common in Wilsden, Leeds Merc.
Sii/'/'l. ' May 30, 1891).
ASHORE, adv. Wor. Hrf. Glo. Oxf. _WiI. Also
ashare Wor. See Ashard. [3joa'(r), 3ja-(r).] Of a
door : ajar, half-open.
Wor. Leave the door a little ashore (H.K.) ; ne.Wor. Ashare
(J.W.P.). Hrf.', Glo. A.B.\ Glo.', Oxf.', WU.'
[A-, on + shore (a prop).]
ASHOTAY, see Accroshay.
ASH-RIDDLE, sb. Yks. Chs. War. Also ass- Yks. ;
ess- Chs. [as-, es-ridl.J A sieve or ' riddle ' (q.v.) for
sifting ashes.
w.Yks. Ga.iyan' teach thi granny to sup milk aht o' t'ass-riddle,
Piov. in Brii^huiise Neii'S July 23, 1887^ ; Yo wor ta be presented wi
a hass-riddle, Tom Triddleiioyle Dairiisla Ann. ^1847) 51. Chs.',
s.Chs.', War. \].R.'^.)
Hence Ash-riddling, divination from riddling ashes, on
St. Mark's Eve (April 24).
N.Cy.' n.Yks.' On St. Mark's Eve the ashes are riddled on the
hearth, for the superstition still lingers, that if any of the inmates
of the house be going to die within the 3"car, the print of iiis, or
her, shoe will be found impressed in the soft ashes icf. Chaff-
riddling) ; n.Yks. 2 What has survived of this custom seems more
common in our country-places, where the fire burns on the hearth.
m.Yks.', w.Yks.l
ASH-TRUG,si. Cum. Written ass- Ciim.i [a's-trug.]
A wooden scuttle-shaped vessel for carrying coal or
peat.
Cum. Billy cawd it 'asstrug,' ' Silfheo' Billy Brannan (1885^ 4 ;
Grose 1790I ; Hollow.vy ; CI. U^S'' ! Still in common use
(,W.K.); Cum.'
ASHYPET, sb. Sc. Irel. Also written assypet Sc.
1. A child or animal that lounges about the hearth. See
Ashiepattle, Assypod.
Dub., Dr. A dirty or neglected child would not be called 'ashipet'
unless also lazy and useless. Applied also to dogs and cats, which
lie lazily by the fireside i.M.B.-S.).
2. An idle or slatternly woman ; a ' Cinderella,' engaged
in dirty kitchen work. Occas. applied to a man.
Ayr. Nobody to let me in, but an ash}'pet lassie that helps her
for a servant, Sti-tiin//uat (1822 259 (Jam. ). Lul. Easter Whitburn's
assy pets, Chambers Pop. Rhymes ^1870 246. Dr. A lazy man
or woman is called ' ashipet' ;M.I3.-S. ).
ASIDE, adv. and prep. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf. Dcr. Lin. War. Shr. Ken. Sur. [ssai'd.]
A. prep.
1. Of place or position : near, by the side of.
Frf. The watchers winna let me in aside them. Barrie Mittister
(18911 iv. Per. Ye 'ill just get up aside me, Ian Maclaren Biier
Push '^18951 167. Rnf. M.nggie, now I'm in aside ye, Tannahill
Poems 118071 153. Gall. Climb up there aside the other four,
Crockett Boi; Mvrtle U895, 214. Nhb. Ye shanna gan aside us.
N. Minstrel 11806-71 pt. iv. 76; Feed thaw lams aside the ship-
ports' sheels, Robson Sng. Sol. (.1859"! i. 8; Nhb.' Sit doon
aside us, hinney. Cum. O that down asejde her my head I coidd
lay, Anderson BnlUuls ^1808 Cocker 0' Codbeck ; She met me ya
neeght aside Pards'aw Lea yatt, Gilpin Ballads. 3rd S. ed. 1874)
72 ; Cum.' Parton aside Whitten ; Cum.^ Oald Abcrram lies
a fine heap or two leggan aside Kirgat. 9. n.Yks. Feed tliah kids
aside the shepherds' booths, U'hilby Sng. Sol. 1 1860) i. 8 ; Just
think what things thou promist mah Asahd t'awd willow tree,
TwEDDELL Clevcl. P/iyiiies 1 18^5^ 30; n.Yks.* e.Yks.' Ah'll sit
aside Tom. Greenwicii's aside Lunnan, MS. add. \T.H.) Stf.'.
nw.Der.'. n.Lin.', War.'' Ken.' I stood aside him all the time. Sur.'
2. InyTj^-. sense: beside oneself, distracted.
ne.Lan. And he's aside hissel, cose yo've cracked up his playin.
Mather Idylls 1 1895 48.
3. Compared with.
Frf. Adam was an erring man, but aside Eve he was respectable,
Earuie Minister (1891 x. Per. Naething tae speak of aside you,
Kirsty, Ian Maclaren A idd Lang Syne \i8^5 127.
B. adv.
1. In addition, moreover, besides, ./^.s/f/co', in addition to.
■w.Yks. You'll be wondrous cunning if you get any aside. Burn-
ley S/tf/c/zes ( 1 875 1 131. Lan. She knowedawthe boible through,
VOL. I.
asid o' th' hymn-book, Burnett /fauort/is 1887 vi. Shr.' Poor
young o6man, 'er's got the pipus [typhus] faiver— the fluency
[influenza], an' 'afc a dozen plaints aside. Ken.' Very common at
Canterbury.
2. Aside of, on the side of, beside.
Cum.3 Aside o' t'wide stair heead, 98. w.Yks. Paster thay
kids asaide o' t'shepherds' tents, Littledale Craven Sng. Sol.
1 1859 i.8 ; Shoofotched me a dander aside o" t'earhoyle. Hartley
Clock Aim. 1 1874 I 42 ; Two chaps used to work aside o' me, ib.
1879 '9 ! w.Yks.** Cloise aside on't. Lan. I wur tan aside o' ih'
yed wi' a sod. liossendel Peef-neet, 12 ; Tliou sid aside at t'Park
VNOod yett, Harland & Wilkinson PIkLore 1867: 60; Lan.'
Eawr Mally stood aside on me while th' rushcart were gooin' by ;
m.Lan.' Ajcrryshop aside o' wheer aw live s.v. Alicker\ s.Chs.^
.Sit thee dain aside o' me. Stf. She sat doun aside of the daughter,
Plk-Lore Jnt. 1 1884 11. 41 ; Stf.* 'E fatchcd im a bat aside o' is yed
as med is yid sing.
[A, on +side.]
ASIDEN, pnp. and adv. Nhb. Yks. Nhp. War. Shr.
Hrf. Also, by aphacrcsis, sidcn. [asai'dan.J
1. prep. Beside, near.
Nhb.' She wis sittin' asidcn him. e.Yks.' Ah've sitten asiden
him monny a tahm (only used in a past sense;, MS. add. 1,1 H.)
m.Yks.'
2. adv. On one side, awry.
Nhp.' Often used without the prefix. How siden 3'our bonnet is.
War. (J. R.W.J ; War.* That post's set asiden ; War.^ That gate
has been hung all asiden. Shr.' Common. Vo' hanna put yore
shawl on stiaight. the cornels bin all asiden ; Shr.* All asiden
like Martha Rl.oden's two-penny dish. Hrf.' [All asiding, as hogs
fighting. Ray Prov (1678 1 49, ed. i860.]
[Repr. the phr. a side on, on the side of, by the
side of.]
ASIDES , pnp. plir. and adv. Yks. War. Sur. [asai-dz.]
1. prep. phr. Of place : beside, near.
m.Yks.' Aside has commonly s added. w.Yks.^ Aside's o'
t'chuich. Wheal's tub live nah like ? — Haw, aside's o' ar Tom.
2. In addition to, moreover, beside.
w.Yks.5 Whoa went asides him ! Ther's forty aside's that.
War.^ I arns three shillin' a wik [week] asides my vittles.
3. adv. Moreover, in addition.
Sur. A lot more as I knows on as gave a goodish bit asides,
Bickley S»r. Hills 1890 HI. vi.
[ME. asides, only in the sense of 'aside, on one side,'
see WvcLiK (1388) Mark vii. 33. Uer. of aside with advl.
sutr. in ->s-.]
ASIDING, see Asiden.
ASILTOOTH, see Axle-tooth.
ASING. see Easing.
ASK, sb.^ Sc. Ircl. n.Cy. to Chs. and n.Lin. Also
written esk N.Cy.' Cum. w.Yks. ne.Lan.'; aisk n.Yks.*
e.Yks. m.Yks.' [esk, ask.] A newt ; a lizard. See Asker.
Sc. He brought home horse leeches, asks, young rats, S.MILE3
Sc. Natnr. y 1879 i ; It seems to be a general idea among the vulgar,
that whatwe call the ask is the asp of Scripture. . . This has probably
contributed to the received opinion of the newt being venomous
Jam.1. Gall. The yallow-wymed ask. Harper C<i»rfs 1889 206.
Crl. (P.J.M.) N.Cy.' Ask, Esk, a water-newt, believed by many
erroneouslj' to be venomous. Nhb. The pert little eskis they curlit
their tails, Richardson Borderers Ta' lebk. ^18461 VlI. 14a;
Dry asks and tyeds she churish'd, RonsoN Sngs. o/Tyne 1849 148 ;
Nhij.' The newt is usually called a waiter ask. as distinguished from
a dry ask. Dur.' Cum. J.Ar); Cum.' Wm. There's an ask in
the pond iB. K.^; Wm.' More frequently cilled a wattcr ask.
n.Yks.' *3 ne.Yks.' In common use. e.Yks. Marshall Pur.
£■(0)1. ,1788. m.Yks.' w.Yks. Lucas S/»(/. AiVA/m/iiA- c. 1883)
231 ; WiLLAN List ll'ds. i 181 1\ n.Lan A fand a watar-ask i" dhat
dub. ne.Lan.', Chs.'*^ nLin.'I was once tanged wi' an ask
among the brackens e' Brumby Wood.
[Tassol, a newt or ask, Cotgr. ; Magrdsio, an eft, an
nute, an aske. Florid (1611). OE. dJe.xe, lizard; cp. G.
eidech.'se. ]
ASK, sb.^ Sh.I. Also written aisk (Jam. SiippL).
Drizzle, fog.
Sh I. A haze or unclear state of the atmosphere generally
preceding b.id weather ; we speak of there being ' an ask up da
sky' when it has clouiled over and looks unsettled ,K.I.\ S.&Ork.'
Sli.&Or.I. Small particles of dust, or snow Jam. Suffi^.
.M
ASK
[82]
ASKLENT
ASK, sb.^ Sc. (Jam.) The stake to which a cow is
bound by a rope or chain, in the cow-house.
Cai. [Not known to our correspondents.]
[Prob. a spec, use of ON. askr, an ash, also applied to
many things made of ash ; see Vigfusson.]
ASK, si." Sh.andOr. I. Also written aisk. A wooden
vessel or dish.
Sh I. Used for carrying butter, milk, eggs, &c. It has a lid and two
small projecting bits of wood below the rim to seive for handles
{K I.'. Sh &Or.I. (Jam. Stippl.)
[ON. askr, a small vessel made of ash-wood.]
ASK, v} Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also in the
forms ax, ex, see Ax. [as, aks, aks.]
1. To publish the banns of marriage ; to be asked at, in, or
to church, to have one's banns published.
Abd., Lth. Also called ' cry ' i Jam. '. Nhb.', Dur.i Cum.i To be
ax't at church is also called ' Hung in t'bell reapp,' ' Cry't i' the
kirk.' Wm.' Axt [older form Ext] at church. n.Yks.i ; n.Yks.2
Ask'd at church. m.Yks.', w.Yks.i w.Yks.s Thuh wur ast at
church last Sunday. Chs.' s.Chs.' Han they bin as't i' church
yet ? {Ax is less common.) Stf.' Owd Dick Taylor's lad and
Martha Jones wun axed i' church. n.Lin.', sw.Lin.', Lei.' Nhp.'
Being axt to church. War.^, s.Wor. ^F.W.M.W. ) Brks • Thaay
was asted at church laast Zunday. e.An.' I.W.^ Bob Gubbins
and Poll Trot was axed in Atherton Church last Zunday. Wil.
We'll be ax'd in church a Zunday week. Slow Rliymcs (i88g)
Zantmy an Zusan. w.Som.' Her's gwain to be a-ax next Zunday.
nw.Dev.' Cor.^ T'es most time for'ee to have me axed, MS. add.
Colloq. They were asked in church the Sunda3- following, Marryat
Frank Mildinay (1829) xxii.
2. Hence, to be asked out, asked up, out-asked, to have the
banns published for the last time.
Dur.' Cum. I reckon some one that's here is nigh ax't oot by auld
Nick in the kirk of the nether world, Caine Shad. Crime (,18851
33. Wra.i Wiah, thoo'l be ext oot a Sunday. n.Yks.', ne.Yks.'
Ax'd oot. e.Yks.' Tom and Bess was ax'd up at chetch o' Sunday.
w.Yks.'2 Ax'dout. Chs.' They were axed out last Sunday. Not.'
Out-asked. n.Lin.' Theare's many a lass hes been axed-up ... 'at
niver's gotten a husband. sw.Lin.' To be asked up, or asked out.
Lei.', Nhp.', War. (J.R.W.) Shr.' To be axed up. e.An.' Axt-
out, or Out axt. Sus., Hmp., Ken. On the third time of publication,
the couple is said to be out-asked, Holloway. w Som.' Dhai wuz
aakst aewt laa'S Zun'dee [they were axed out last Sunday], Cor.
I be axed out ! keep company ! Get thee to doors, thee noodle,
J. Trenoodle Spec. Dial. (^1846) 41 ; Cor.'^
3. Phr. fi) to ask at. ask of (on), to ask ; (2) to ask out,
to cry off, be excused ; (31 ask up, to speak out.
(i) Sc. I asked at him, Montldy Mag. (1798) II. 435 ; Ask at the
footman, Mackie ScoHc. (1881^ 14 ; Very common idiom G.W.'l.
Stf.' s.Hmp. He'd do anything you asted o' him, Vernev L. Lisle
(1870'! xvii. (2} w.Yks. Willn't ya come? — No, I'll ax aht 'J.R.);
(3) Stf.'
[1. The phr. ' to ask the banns ' is found in ME. : Aske
thebannsthre halydawes. Then lete hemcomeandwytnes
br3'nge To stonde by at here vveddynge, Myrc Inst. ( 1450)
203. 3. Heo aschede at Corineus how heo so hardiwere,
R. Glouc. (1297) 16.]
ASK, v.'^ Sh. and Or.I. Also written aisk I Jam.) ;
esk. To rain slightly, drizzle.
Or. I. ■ S.A.S. ) Sh. & Or.I. (Jam. Stippl.)
ASKER, sb.' Yks. Lan. Chs. Dnb. Stf. Der. Nhp.
Wor. Shr. Hrf Glo. Dor. Also asgal Shr.= GIo.' ; askard
w.Yks.'*; askelHrf.'; askern w.Yks. [a'ske(r); a'skad,
e'sksd ; as'zgl, as'skl.] A newt, lizard. See Ask, si.'
n.Cy. Grose i 17901; N Cy.^ w.Yks. Feyther were liggin' by
t'pond fest asleap. an' one o' them ofl'al askards crep in at 'is ear
(W.F.J ; An' lile bonny askerds wad squirt amang t'iing, Blackah
PofM/s ^1867 38 ; Dryaskerd, a landlizard. Watteraskerd,anewt.
Yis. N. ^^ Q. (1888. II. 14 ; w.Yks.2 In Rivelin valley are three
kinds of askers ; the running asker, the water asker, and the flying
asker, which is the smallest ; w.Yks. '^^^ Lan.' He went a-fishin"
an' cowt nowt nobbut askerds. ne Lan.', e.Lan.', Chs.'^ s.Ctis.'
This plcm's as rotten as an owd asker. Dnb. Askol (E.F ). St".
(K.) ; Stf.i; Stf.2 Used only in the expression, ' Its kaud anuf for
starv askarz todi.' Der.', nw.Der.', Nhp.' s.Wor. Nazgall, or
Asgal H.K.l. w.Wor.' The gentlefolks is ac'tully that ignerunt,
thaay thinks as asgills canna do no 'arm ! Shr.' It 'adna 'urt mc,
an' that made me think as askals wuz more innicenter than I 'ad
s'posed ; SIir.= Shr. & Hrf. Asgal, or Ascal, BoutiD Prov. (1876).
Hrf.' ; Hrf.^ Askal, a water animal, a kind of newt with rough hair
like fimbriae [?], Glo. Both forms, asker and asgal, are known
^W.H.C.) ; Gio.', Dor.l
[Asker, a newt. Kersey; Asker, a sort of newt, or eft,
Salaniandria aquatica, Bailey (1755). Der. of ask, sb.',
with suff of uncertain origin.]
ASKER, sb.'^ Som. Slang. Euphemistic name for a
beggar.
w.Som.' A respectable servant-girl in reply to her mistress, who
had inquired what the girl's young man did for his living, said ;
Please-m he's a-asker, and tis a very good trade indeed-m. Slang,
The * askers ' selling their begged bread at three halfpence the
pound, ReadeW»/o6. Thief [\B^S) 37.
[Elles he wolde of the asker delivered be, 7?. Rose, 6674.
Ask, vb.-f -£•>-.]
ASKEW, (7(fo. Ess. Som. Cor. [asku-.]
1. Of the legs : extended awkwardly, wide apart.
Som. iH.G.); (G.S.)
2. Crosswise, diagonally.
Ess. To plough a field askew is to make furrows obliquely to
the cross ploughing ^H.H.iVI.).
3. To go askeio, to be troublesome, do wrong actions.
Cf to gang agley.
Cor. Likewise a thong to thock thee, ef Thee d'st ever go
askew, Forfar Poems \ 1885 i 7 ; Cor.^ A local preacher exhorted
his audience not to go askew even if their aims were good. In
fairly common use.
[A-, on + skew, q.v.]
ASKEW, />;•<■/!>. Obs.1 Ess. Across.
Ess. I seigh him a coming askew the mead, -^jr/ifl^o/. Soc. Trans.
(^1863: II. 181. [Not known to our correspondents.]
ASKING(S, sb. In gen. dial, and colloq. use. Not in
gloss, of Som. Dev. Cor. Also in the forms axing(s Cum.
Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf Der. Shr. I.W. Dor.; exing
Cum. [a'skinz, a'ksinz, e'ksinz.] The publication of
banns of marriage. Usually in pi.
Cum. Axin* i^or Exin') at church i, M.P.\ Wm. She mud gaa
awae et yance an hae t'exins put up et kirk, Spec. Dial. ( 1880 t pt.
ii. 20. n. Yks.2 In some of our moorland churches, after the asking,
the clerk was wont to respond with a hearty ' God speed them
weel.' e.Yks.' They'r boon te be wed at last ; they'vput up axins.
m.Yks.' He's agate o' reading t'askings. w.Yks. Wether they
\ver struck wi t'assiii ... ah dooant naw, bud ah naw this — they
leak'd hard at me, Nidderdill Olm. (I87o^ ; T'day wor fixed an
t'axins put in, an t' parson spliced them reight oft', Yiisinan. Comic
Aim. 11878) 17 ; Will ye gang on wi' t'axins. an' wed our Marget?
Dixon Oai'i-ji Dales i 1881)399; w.Yks.' Also called Spurrings.
Lan. I put th' axins up about a fortnit sin, Wauc-.h Chimn. Corner
(1874") 20; I hano' yerdo' th'axins bein' co'ed o'er, Brierley Cai/
upon If'ocW ^i886i 213 ; Lan.' Well, thae'rt for bein' wed at th'
lung length ; aw yer thae's gotten th' axins in. e.Lan.' m.Lan.'
When aw put th' axins up, me an' th' lass as were mixt up i' th'
job stopt away fro' th' chiuxh for three Sundays just abeawt thad
time. Chs.' ; Chs.^Oohadtheaxingsput up; s.Chs.' Stf.' ; Stf.*
Tummas is goin' get married nex' month ; he's put th' axins in.
Der.2, nw.Der.' nLin.' Did ta hear Bessie's askin's last Sunda' ?
Lei.'. Nhp.', War.^a Shr.' They ad'n thar axins put up i' church
o' Whi'sun Sunday. Sur. Fee preferred being married by ' asking,'
as the good Surrey folk call it, Bickley Stir. Hills (1890^/ III. xvi.
Sus. An occasional interest is given to the ceremony of asking
by the forbidding of the banns, Egerton Flks. and Ways (1884J 93.
I.W.', Dor.l
[The publication of banns (popularly called 'asking in
the church') was intended as an expedient to prevent
clandestine marriages, Ch.\mbers Cycl. (s v. Banns).]
ASKLENT, adv. and prep. Sc. Irel. Nhb. [askle'nt.]
1. adv. Aslant, on one side, obliquely.
Sc. Frae bush to bush asklent the bank he scours, Davidson
Seasons (17891 26 ; Read what they can in fate's dark print. And
let them never look asklint On what they see, Gallow.\y Poems
(1788) 102. Ayr. Maggie coost her head fu' high, Look'd asklent
and unco skeigh. Burns Duncan Gray (1792). Rxb. The hames
that sent the reek asclent, Riddell PocI. IVks. fed. 1871) I. 144.
n.lT. Ballyincna Obs. (18921. Nhb. [Of a ladder resting end up
against a wall] Ve he'd ower straight up ; set it a bit mair asklent.
[Of a high chimney] It'll be doon if it's not seen tee ; it's lyin mair
an' mair asklent (R.O.H.); Nhb.'
AS LASH
[83]
ASSIDUE
2. Applied to action or conduct : dishonourably, not
'straight.' Cp. agley.
Ayr. Sin' thou came to the warl asklent, Burns Poet's IVelccnf
(1784).
3. pirp Across.
Sc An' ilk ane brought their blads asclcnt her, A. Scott Poems
(1808) 45.
[A-, on + skleiil, q.v.]
ASLASH, luiv. Yks. Lin. Not. I.ci. War. Also written
aslosh n.Lin.' Lei.' War. [ssla-/, aslo-J.J
1. Awry ; obHquely. See Slosh.
n.Lin.^ Ther's a foot-pad nins aslo-^h toward a steel thcr' is e'
th' plantin'. He'd getten his hat on aslosh.
2. On one side, out of the way.
w.Yks.* Come Stan' aslash. Not. (J.H.B.) lei.' Stan' .islosh,
wool ye ! War.^
ASLAT ,/>/)/. <i(//. Dev. [aslee't.] Of an earthen vessel,
piece of furniture, &c. : cracked, split. Sec Slat, v.
Dev. Grose 1 17901 ; Montlily Mag. ^iBoSI II. 422; IIolloway.
n.Dev.Yer, [IJeetle Bobby's plates aslat, Rock yim no' AV//i 1867; 7.
Dev.3 Thickee plate's aslat. Dawntee zit 'pon thickee form, 'e's
aslat.
[A- (preP) 4 slat, q.v.]
ASLAT, sec Harslet.
ASLEEP, adv. e.An. Naut. [aslip.]
e.An.' .Sails are asleep when steadily filled with wind. Suf.
Used of sails in a calm (F.H.^. Naut. Tlie .sail filled with wind
just enough for swelling or bellying out — as contrasted with its
flapping, Smyth Sailors IVd-hk. (1867).
ASLEN, adv. Som. Dev. Also written aslun Som.
[asle'n, asla'n.] Slantwise, diagonally, ' out of the
straight.'
Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. iv.Eug. (1825") ; W. & J. C,l. ^1873^ ;
w.Som.i Au'kurd vee-ul vur tu pluw'ee een ; aay shud wuurk n
rai-t usliin" [awkward field to plough in ; I should work it right
across diagonally]. Thick post is all aslen [not upright]. Dev.'
\_A-. on + slen (adj.), q.v.]
ASLEW, adv. Cum. Yks. Lan. Not. Sus. Som. Also
written aslue e Lan.' Som. [aslii', asliu'.]
1. Aslant, obliquely, awry.
e.Yks.i n.Lan. Thoo munnet mak it aslew (W.H. H."). e.Lan.'
Not.2 He's ploughing aslew. Sus. Holloway; Sus.'^ Som.W.&J.
CI (i873\
2. Amiss, out of course.
Cum. There's nowt so far aslew. Robbie, but good manishment
may set it straight, Caine S/iari. Crime { 18851 '9 1 Cum.^ There's
nowte sa far aslew, but gud manishment med set it sti'eight, Ptoii.
An' t'CIay-Dubs isn't far aslew when t'wedder isn't wet, 47.
3. Tipsy.
e.Yks.'
[A-, on + sleiu (vb.), q v.]
ASLEY, s6. Sh.I. Used only in ^/m
Sli.I. (K.I.) S. & Ork.^ Horses in aslcy, horses belonging to
different persons, bound firm one to another.
ASLEY, see Lief.
ASOL, see Hazzle, v.
ASOON, adv. Dev. Obsol. Written azoon. Anon,
presently.
n.Dev. [Used in] Exmore, Grose ('1790') ; Fegs, they'll be yer
azoon. Rock Jim an' Nell '^1867) 3 ; Certainly not in common use
(R.P.C.).
[A- ( prep°) + soon.]
ASOONB, adv. Sh.L [asu'nd.] In a fainting fit.
Sh.I. In very common use iK.l.). S & Ork.' He fell dead
asoond.
[This word is due to a mixture of two forms — of asivooii
(ME. on sii'oiiiie}, and swooned (ME. jswowned, ChaIjCER),
pp. of sivoott, vb.]
ASOSH, see Aswash.
ASP, .sA. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Chs. War. Wor. Hrf
Wil. Also written esp N.I. ' Nhb.' Cum. w.Yks.'* [asp,
esp.]
1. The common aspen, Popii/its Irrimda. See Aps.
N.Cy.', Nhb.* Cum. Thur lass noo began teh shaddcr antl trim-
mel like esp leaves, Sargesson Joe Seoap 1 i88i( 20 ; Cum.' He
trimmel't like an esp leaf. w.Yks.' '. Chs.' ; Chs.^ Shaking like
a asp. War. (J.R W.) se.Wor.', Hrf.' Wil. Woodmen always
call the aspen the ' asp,' Jefferies Gf. Esletlr 1 18801 16.
2. Comb. Quaking esp, Popidiis tremuta.
N.I.'
[.Asp or aspen-tree, Kersey ; Poptdiis Iremula ... in
English aspe and aspen tree, Gerarde (ed. 1633) 1488;
Tirnible, an asp or aspen tree, Cotgr. ; An espe, treniidiis,
Cal/i. Aiif;l. OE. (Fspe.]
ASI'AIT, adv. Sc. [aspe-t.] Of a river : in flood.
Sc. Commonly used of a river or burn J.W.M.'. CId. I' the
mirk in a stound, wi' rairan' sound, Aspait the river ran. Mar-
maidrn of Clyde in Blncktv. Mag. (May, 1820) (Jam.X
[./-, on + spait or spate, q,v.]
ASPAR, adv. Cum. [aspaT.] Stretched out, wide
apart.
Cum. When a man puts himself in fighting altitude, with legs
and arms spread out, he stands aspar (J. P.) ; Cum.' He set his
feet aspar.
[A-, on + spar (to box), q.v.]
ASPARAGUS, sb. Comb. Bath, French, Prussian,
Wild asparagus, the young flowcr-scapcs ofOniilhogaliDH
pviriiaiaim (Som.) ; Foxtailed asparagus, Eqiiisetuin
maximum (Glo.).
Som. Balh asparagus, tied up in bundles, and sold in Bath market.
ASPEN, s6. Mrt. Populiis alba.
The name is generally applied elsewhere only to Popidus
Orntttla.
ASPERSEAND, .•!*. Irel. A term of abuse : a wretch.
w.Ir. The ould dhrunken asperseand, as she is, Lover Leg.
1^18481 I. 108.
ASPLEW, adv. .' Obs. Som. Of the legs : extended
awkwardly, wide apart.
Som. W. & ].Gl.{ 1873". [Unknown to all our correspondents.]
ASPODE, adv. n.Yks. Of the legs: wide apart,
stretched out.
n.Cy. Aspaud (Hall ). n.Yks. He stood with his legs aspode
iJAV.).
ASPOLE, «^z;. Cum. Of the legs: wide asunder.
Cum.' [Not known to our correspondents.]
ASPRAWL, fZflfe. Brks. Ken. Hmp. [aspr^'l, sspra-l.]
1, Headlong, sprawling.
Brks.' Falling down with legs and arms helplessly extended on
the ground is said to be 'vallin' all aspraal.' Ken. The horse fell
down and we were pitched all asprawl on to the road (^P.M.).
Hmp.' He fell all asprawl.
2. In confusion, gone wrong.
Ken.' The pig-trade's all asprawl now.
[A-, on + sptawl, vb.]
ASPROUS,f7rt>: Lei. War. [a-spras.] Of the weather:
raw, inclement.
Lei.' It's a very a-sprous dee. War.^
[Fr. aspre, sharp, harsh, rough (Cotgr.) 4--o/r<;.]
ASQUAT, adv. Lan. War. Dor. [askwo't.] In a
squatting posture, squatting.
ne.Lan.', War. (j.R.W.) Dor.' A gaytongued lot of hay-
miakers be all a-squot, 122.
[A-, on + squat, vb.]
ASQUm, sec Aswint.
ASS, see Ash.
ASSAL, sec Axle.
ASS'ARD, see Arseward.
ASSEGAR, see Assinego.
ASSEL-TOOTH, see Axle-tooth.
ASS(EN-HEAD, 5A. Yks. [a-s-iad.] A blockhead.
e.Yks.' Asscn-heead, MS. add. (T.H.)
ASSHEFLAY, see Accroshay.
ASSIDUE, sb. w.Yks. [a-sidiu.]
1. Thin brass tinsel of a bright gold colour; a kind of
Dutch metal.
w.Yks. |.'\t the Scotland feast May 29^ in ShefTield] garlands
are composed of hoops. . . . with foliage and flowers, . . . ribands,
rustling with asidew. Hone Ei'e>y-day Bk. (^18271 II. 126a; A thin
knife blade is said to be as thin as assigew [sic] ( S.O.A.) ; w.Yks.*
Mummers at Christm.as, not being able to afford gold leaf, decked
their bright and coloured garments with the thin metallic leaf.
People speak of 'working for assidue ' as equivalent to working
for nothing. Also contemptuously, ' as thin as assidue ' ; w.Yks.*
M 2
ASSILAG
[84]
ASTON lED
2. Copperas water used for blacking the edges of boots.
w.Yks.2
[Are you piifft up with the pride of your wares ? your
arsedine, B. Jonson Earth. Fair, 11. i (Nares). Etym.
and even the "orig. form unknown. The word is spelt in
various ways in lit. E. : arsowde, orsidue, orsady; see
H.E.T). {sx./irsedine).]
ASSILAG, sb. Sc. The Storm Petrel, Procellaria
pelagica.
Sc. So called in the Hebrides, Swainson Birds (1885) 211 ; (Jam.)
ASSILTOOTH, see Axletoot'o.
ASSINEGO, sb. Obsol. Dev. Cor. Also in the forms
assneger Dev. Cor.'^ ; asnegar Dev.; assegar Dev.'
1. An ass.
Dev. Hosses and mares, assnegers, movies, Peter Pindar Royal
I^js. (1795" St. 4 ; Grose (1790) MS. adii. (C.) n Dev. My ould
asneger 11 doo vor put Into a little giirry-butt, Rock Jim an' NtU
(1867'! St. 74; Div.' Polwhele {Hist. Dev.) says that the common
appellation of [the ass] is asseg.^r, but I have never heard this
term. Cor. Grose (1790) iV/S. fla'(/. (C.)
2. A fool, simpleton.
Cor. A term of reproach, not much in use, is 'Thee are an as-
sineger" (W.S.) ; Car.' Do 'ee be quiet, thee assneger ; Cor.^
[1. We jogged leisurely on upon our mules and
asinegoes, Herbert Trav. (1634) 127 (N.E.D.). 2. All
this would be forsworn, and I again an asinego, B. & Fl.
Scorn/. Lady (Nares) ; An assmego (ed. 1606, asinico)
may tutor thee, Shaks. Tr. &= Cr. 11. i. 49. Sp. asiiico,
a little asse, Minsheu.]
ASSLE, see Axle.
ASSOILYIE, V. Sc. Also written assoilzie, see
below. To acquit, free from a charge (in law courts) ; to
absolve.
Sc. Grose (1790") MS. add. (C.) ; (Jam).; The defender was
assoilzied, Scott JVavcriey (1814) xlviii ; 'God assoilzie her!*
ejaculated old Elspeth, 'she was a hard-hearted woman,' ib.
Antiquary fi8i6) xxvi.
[ME. assoilcn, to absolve. I yow assoile, by myn heigh
power, Chaucer C. 7". c. 913. AFr.assoiler ; cp. que Dicu
assoille.' ( = Lat. qiiein Dens absolvat .'), a prayer for the
departed.]
ASSOL, sb. Irel. [a-sl.] An ass.
Ir. Guiding and whipping the poor assol, Kennedy Fireside
Stories (1870) 93. w. & s.Ir. Occas. heard (J.S.).
[Ir. asa/, an ass.]
ASSUD, see Arseward.
ASSYPOD, sb. Sc. Nhb. [a'si-pod] A dirty,
slatternly woniati. See Ashypet. Ashiepattle, 2.
Bwk. The assy pods o' Blackhill, Will ncithur sing nor pray,
Henderson Pop. Rliyives (1856; 38. Nlib Get away wi' ye ! yor
nowt but an assipod :G.H.T. ).
[Assy for ashy, adj. der. of ash, ashes +pod (a person of
small stature), q.v.]
ASSYTH, V. Sc. Also written assyith, syith, sithe
(Jam.), [asi-f).] To make a compensation, to satisfy. A
legal term.
Sc. Still used in courts of law (Jam.V
Hence Assythement, sb. compensation, satisfaction,
atonement for an offence. A legal tcnn.
Sc. The blood-wit was made up to your ain satisfaction bj'assythe-
ment. Scott Waveiiev (^18141 xlviii.
[From ME. n5//A, satisfaction, compensation. Whom I
begylyd to him I will Make a-sith agayne, York Plays,
215. This is the n. form of aset/i. Hit" sufficith nat for
a-seth, P. Plowman (c.) xx. 203. OFr. aset'm the phv.fcrc
aset. ' satisfacere.']
ASTEAD, adv. n.Cy. to Yks. and Chs.; also Stf. Sur.
Also written isteed Nlib.' ; asteead Wni. n.Yks. e.Yks.'
w.Yks. ; asteed w.Yks. ; astid s.Chs.' Stf.'' [sstl'd,
astia'd.] Instead.
Nlib.' Dur. Asteed o' putfii' 'cr i' Kitty, Egglestone Betty
Pudkiiis' Let. (1877)8. Cum. Astead o shuttan snipes, Dickinson
Lamplngh (1856, 8; Cut intull me finger astead ev t'taty, IVilly
JVatllc ( 1870) 7 ; Cum.3 Asteed of Amen, I say, ' m'appen I may,'
38. Wm. An waare ote [all the] bit a brass thae hev for im asteead
a gittin t'pooar wife an t'baarns sumnuit tu it, Clarke Spec. Dial.
(i368; pt. iii. 31. n.Yks. Asteead o' bein' thenkfull, TwEDDELL
Chvcl. Rhymes (1875"! 36; Astead o' getting away. Broad Yks.
(1885) 35. e.Yks.' w.Yks. He thowt t'dicky wor to be used
asteed of a shirt, Cudworth Dial, and Skctehcs (1884) 28;
If awd nobbut had sense to wait asteead o' gcttin wed when aw
did. Hartley Seets (1895^ i. Lan. Astid o' lookin' as iv aw
were nobbut dirt, Clegg Davids Loom {i8g^) xix; Yore mug would
'a bin all reet, a stead o' bein' creackt, ' Lancashire Lad ' Takin
New Year ( 1888) 10. Chs.', s.Chs.' sSLf. I axed him to let the
rent stond but astid o' that he put the bums in, Pinkock Blk. Cy.
Ann. (1895). Stf.2 Mother went astid o me. Sur. I canna give
you a present, but I'd loike 'ee to taike this ride astead, Bickley
Snr. Hills (1890'! III. iv ; Only used by old people (T.T C).
[A-, on + stead (OE. stcde, place). ME. on slcde. And
he toe him on sunes stede, Gen. &" E.x. 2637.]
ASTEEP, adv. Sc. [astip.] To lay, set the brain
asleep, to ponder, revolve in the mind, make a mental
effort.
Sc. I daresay you couldn't guess, though 3'ou set your brains
asteep, Setoun Sunshine (1895) 272 ; In common use. I'll lay my
brains asteep ower it (J.W.M ). Lnk. I dinna wonder at them
layin' their brains asteep to fin' oot, Fbaser IVhaups (iSgs) xiii.
[Laying it asteep in . . . quickening meditation, Ranew
in Spurgeon Treas. Dav. ( 1672) xxxix. 3 (N.E.D.). A-,
on-^ steep (to soak in a liquid).]
ASTEER, adv. Obsol. Sc. Yks. Moving about,
active, bustling.
Sc. Ye're air asteer the day ("Jam.) ; My minny she's a scalding
wife, Hads a' the house asteer, Ritson Sngs. (1794) I. 45 (Jam.) ;
Ere Martinmas drear set the Factor asteer, Thom Rhymes (1844)
107; The haill Hielands are asteer, Scott /.rg-. it/o;/^. (18301 vi. Ayr.
Wha was it but Grumpbie Asteer that night ! Burns Hallotveen
(1785). w.Yks.' Country foak war au asteer, ii. 359.
[A-, on + sleer (stir, commotion). ME. on steir. That
lord and othir var on steir (were astir), Barbour Bruce
XIX. 577.]
ASTEL, sb. Cor. Also written astull, astyllen.
[sste'l.]
1. A board or plank, an arch or ceiling of boards, over
the men's heads in a mine, to protect them (Weale).
Cor.2
2. A ridge or dam to stop a stream in a mine, or to bank
off ore from rubbish at the mouth ; a wall underground,
to prevent the giving way of the ' deeds,' q.v.
Cor.2 MS. add.
[Astelle, a schyyd, Teda, astiila. Prompt. OFr. astclle,
der. of aste, a stick, a splint, Lat. hasta.]
ASTHORE, phr. Irel. A term of endearment : my
treasure !
Ir. Don't ye restaisy, Michael asthore ? Spectator (Oct. 26, 1889) ;
Molly asthore, I'll meet you agin to-morra, Tennyson To-morrow
(18851. Wxf. Shut j'our eyes, asthore, and go sleep, Kennedy £w«.
DnJ/rey (1869) 49.
[An Ir. phr. A- (sign of the voc.) +sldr, store,
treasure. Cp. ME. stoor, OFr. cstor.]
ASTITE, adv. phr. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Also
written asty N.Cy.' ; astit w.Yks.' ne.Lan.' [ss-stai't.]
Of preference or comparison : as soon, rather.
Ayr., Lnk., Dmf. I would astit rin the kintry [would rather
banish m^'self]. Astit better (Jam.). n.Cy. Grose ( 1790') ; N.Cy.'^
Nlib.' Aa wad astite stop where aa is. Ve'd astite gan wiv us.
Dur.' n.Yks. 2 I'd as tite nut gan. w.Yks. Thoresby Lett. (17031 ;
Wright Gram. H'ndhll. (1892) 50; Common in Wilsden, Leeds
Mere. Siippl. (May 30, 1891I ; w.Yks.' Ye mud astite at yunce —
hev eshed for our laithe, ii. 293 ; w.Yks." Lan.' I can go rstite as
him. ne.Lan.' [Astide (K.).]
[Astite, as soon, anon, Coles (1677). ME. Antenor
alstite amet to speike, Desf. Troy, 11693. As + tite
(quickly), q.v. The phr. means lit. ' as quickly as possible.']
ASTLEY, see Lief.
ASTOGGED, see Stog.
ASTONIED, />/./. n(7>: Nlib. Nhp. Obsol. Astonished,
in consternation.
N.Cy.' Nhb. Still in use, but rare (R.O.H.) ; Nlib.', Nhp.'
[And anoon al the puple seynge Jhesu, was astonyed,
Wyclif (1388) Mark ix. 14; For so astonied am I that I
deye ! Chaucer TV. &= Cr. 11. 427. OFr. estoner (mod.
clonner], to astonish.]
ASTOOP
[85]
AT
ASTOOP, ailv. Win. Yks. [astiTp.] Of an aged
person : bent, stooping.
Wm. (B.K.) n. Yks. Old John g.ins sair astoop'I.W.X n.Yks.*
e.Yks. Awd man gct-sti Ran varry mitch astoop, Nicholson /'rt'-S/>.
(rSSpi 89. e.Yks » MS. add. (,T.H.) w.Yks. He gooas varry
micli astoop (R.K.).
[A-, on +5/00/).]
ASTORE, adv. Brks. I.W. Wil. Also written astoor
Brks.'; astour I.W.' [3stu3-(r).] Speedily, shortly,
very quickly.
Brks.' I.W. The dm-lc'.s [dusk] coming on ; I'll be ofT in astore,
MoNCRiEFF Dn/iiii in Gent. Mag. (^1863); I.W.' Wil.' An ex-
pletive. She's gone into the street astore,
\A-, on + .'i/ore (quantity).]
ASTOUND, />/./. adj. Chs. War. Astonished.
Chs.i2, War. (J.R.W.)
[With Staring countenance sterne as one astownd,
Spenser F.Q. i. viii. 5; Ase a mesel thcr he lay Astouncd
in spote and blode, Shoreh.xm, 88 (M.atznkr). ME.
astnuiiifii (nsliiiiieii), OFr. es/oiicr, see Astonied.]
ASTRADDLE, adv. Sc. Cum. Yks. Lan. Lei. War.
Oxf. Brks. limp. Som. Also written astroddle War.
Lei.* O.xf. Som. ; astruddle Cum. [astra'dl.] Astride ;
with legs wide apart.
Fif. Astraddle on their proud .steeds full of fire, Tennant Aitstty
(1812) 32, ed. 1871. Ayr. The tongs were placed astraddle in
front of the grate, Gai.t En/ail 1 1823 xxvi. Cum. We pot t'winn-
lass astruddle eh t'wholl, Sargisson Joe Scoap ^i88i 1 224. w.Yks.
That young lad wot thah seed jump into't sea, an get astraddle on
a piece a powl. Shevvild Ann. (18491 5- ne.Lan.', Lei.*, War.
(J.R W. 1, War. 3, Oxf.' MS. add., Brks.' Hmp. Astraddle a harse
(H.C.M.H.). Som. W. & J. G/. (1873^ ; Agian my feavorite hobby
I'm gwain to mount a straddle on, * Agrikler' Rhymes 1 18721 10.
w.Som.' Neef aay diid-n zee ur ruydeen dh-oal au's aup uslrad"),
saeum-z u guurt bwuuy [if I did not see her riding the old horse
up astride, like a great boy].
[Astraddle, Vaiiri/us, Coles (1679). A-, on + .t/raddlp, q.v.]
ASTRE, sb. Obsol. n.Cy. Der. Stf. Lei. Shr. Ken.
Also written aster nw.Der.' ; aister nw.Der.' Shr.' ;
aistre Stf. ; easter n.Cy. ; ester Lei. The back of a
chimnej' or grate. See Back-aister.
n.Cy. Grose (1790) ; (,P.R.) ; N.Cy.2, nw.Der.', Stf.'; Stf.'
S broj) bIob3rd sa fast "iis mornin Sat fS'asistor's 0 squalid wi
grls. Lei ' My hay was over-heated, and is as black as the ester.
Shr.' Wy look 'ow y'on collowed yore face! as if 3*o'd newly
comen down the chimley and kissed the aister. * As black as the
aister' is a phrase employed to express any sooty, grimy appear-
ance. Ken. Obs. (P.M.) ; Ken.'' [Easter i K. 1.]
[Astrc, that is to say, the stocke, harth. or chimney, for
fire . . . which, thougli it be not now commonly under-
stood in Kent ; yet do they of Shropshire and other parts
reteine it in the same signification till this day, LAMiiARDE
Pcramh. Kent (1576) 562, ed. 1596. OFr. asire (mod. dire),
a hearth ; cp. G. estricli, a pavement, It. dstricn (Florid).]
ASTREES, sh. Or.I. The beam of a plough.
S. &Ork.' Or.I. Jam.)
ASTRIDDLE, adv. Nhb. Cum. [sstridl.] Astride ;
with the legs wide apart.
Nlib.'
Hence Astriddling:, pf'l. adj. sitting astride.
Cum. Astriddlin' cocked u'th' hallan. Gilpin Pop. Poetry(^ii-j^6$.
\A-. on + si riddle, der. of s//-/V/^.]
ASTRIDE. (7rft;. Yks. [astral d.] Phr. lo be, i^cciii a.'slride
of, (i) to make progress with, be master of; (2) to hold a
mortgage.
(i^ w.Yks. He hez ta hcv it done i' two month, and he seems
wccl astride on't 1 M.F.) ; J.T.). (2i ( J.T.)
ASTROUT, adv. Nhp. LW. Dor. Som. Dev. [astreu't.]
Stretched out stiffly.
Nlip.' I.W.2 My vingersbe all astroiit wi' the coold. Dor. The
players* pockets vver a-strout Wi' wold brown pence a-rottlen in,
Barnes Poems 1^1869"! 102 ; Dor.' He jump'd about, Wi" girt new
shirt-sleeves all a-strout, 206. Som. Vailed down wi' her lags all
astrout, Raymond Cf«/. Upcoll (18^3) 85; Sweeiman ll'inean/on
CI. (iBBs). Dev.'
[A-strowt, titrffidc, Proiitpl. 480; A-, on + slronl, q.v.]
ASTRUT, adv. Yks. Lin. Nhp. [astru't.] Stretched
out ; projecting.
n.Yks.2 Said of the legs in a state of expansion, m Yks.'
n.Lin.' Jutting out, as a buttress does. Nljp ' It stands aslrut.
[Thcyre Iselyes standingc a strutte with stuffing. More
Coii/iil. Tindale (1532) 589 (N.E.D.); Astrut, tiirgide,
Prompt., cd. Pynson (sec VVay, 480). A-, on + siru/, q.v.J
ASTULL, sec Astel.
ASTY, see Astite.
ASTYLLEN, see Astel.
ASWAIP, adv. Sc. Yks. [aswe'p.] Aslant, on one
side.
Slk. (Jam.") n.Yks. It lies aswapc I.W.V
[A-, on+sivafie (to place aslanti, q.v.]
ASWASH, adv. e.An. Also in e.An.' asosh, ashosh.
[aswo'J, aso'/.] Awry, aslant.
Nrf. lA.G.), Nrf.', e.An '
[Giii>is;ois, de GitiHffois, slovenly, uncvenlj', awry;
also huffingly, swaggeringly aswash ; . . . Ciiaiiiarre, a
loose and light gown that may be worn a swash or skarf-
wise, CoTGR. ; A sosshe as one weareth his bonnet, a
g}'iti;ovs, Palsgr. A-, on + S2i'as/i (vb. ), q.v.]
ASWIM, adv. Sc. [aswrm.] Afloat, covered with
water.
Sc. The soldiers sleeping carelessly in the bottom of the ship,
were all a swim, through the water that came in at the holes and
leaks of the ship, .Spalding /fc/. Troubles (,179a; I. 60 ^Jam.) j
Commonly used in this sense (J.W.M.).
[A; on +su'iiii.]
ASWINT, adv. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Also
written aswin Dur.' w.Yks.'*: asquin w.Yks.' [aswrnt,
aswrn.] Awry, crooked, obliquely. See Swin.
Dur.', Cum.', Wm.'. n.Yks.^ e.Yks. Put blind right, it's all
aswint. Obsol. in Holderncss (R.S. ; e.Yks.', w.Yks.' Lan.
Commonly used in Hurnlcy some years ago. Of a footpath
across a field, ' It goes aswin,' Manr/i. O/v News (Mar. 21. 1896'.
n.Lan.This boord* gitten aswin wi liggen i t'sun W.H.H.i. Lan.'
He geet it aswint, an cudna set it straight hisscl. ne Lan.'
[Prob. the same word as lit. E. asquint, used only with
ref. to looking obliquely.]
ASWIR, adv. .' Obs. Lan. Diagonally, aslant.
ASWISH, adv. Yks. Not. Lin. [aswi-J.] Aslant,
slantwise.
w.Yks.* Now don't cut that truss of hay all aswish. Not.' s No'.
Straighten that table-cloth; yer've laid it all aswish iJ.P.K.'.
sw Lin. 'You see it's aswish way; it's not straiet, it's aswish.
Two pair of cottages recentlj' built at Whisby slantwise to the road
have received popularh' the name of 'The a swish houses."
[A-, on + swi.'ih (vb.), q.v. The mg. of the adv. is devel-
oped fr. the use of .•ni'is/i, vb., in the sense of making
a movement slantingly as with a whip or scj'the.]
AT, prep. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. Eng. Anier. [at.]
I. Obsol. Used instead of to as the sign of the infini-
tive.
Cum.' I's gaan at git my poddish ; Cum.' Aw wad leyke at gan
to Carcl ; Cum.^ An' ivery mak' o' pains they teuk ut git 'cm
druven away, 99 ; An priss them hard the'r bit o" land ut swap. 95.
Wm. Parliament's gaan et meak a la' et thear's to be full moon for
three months, Brigcs Retnains (1825) 217; A woman cam fra'
Dent at see a nebbor. At larn at knit, Southey Kml/ers c" Dent
in Doctor (18481 558; Wm.' Ets nowt at dow [it's of no use].
He's nowt at dow [he is good for nothing]. n.Yks.' What's at
do. now ^ Now rarely used. n.Lan. Hev I at gang to t'markot
tode ? (W.S.) ne.Lan.' I don't like at see it.
H. Of place or position.
1. Used redundantly to denote rest in a place, dwelling,
position. In gen. use.
Cud. It's a varra sensible thing and aw, ...that sheep should know
theer oan * heafs.' We could nivvcr ken wliar siieep was at if they
didn't, llelvelhn in Com/i. Mag. 1 Oct. 1890 383. Wm.' Whar is
t'at? n.Lin.' He's left Croasby an' I doan't knaw whcilre he's at
noo. Nl»p.' Now his mother's dead where is he at! He docs
not know where to be at now. Wil.' Th' rwoad be all up at hill
[uphill]. [Araer. Where is he at ! (Bartlett).]
2. Referring a condition or sensation to a particular
place : in, about.
Cum. What seesta" at hur, Graham Gwordy 1778' I. 52. n.Yks.
(I.W.1 I. Ma. He has ... no bowels of compassion at him. Caine
Manxman 11894' pt. II. i; l.ies with a stink at Ihein, Brow.se
AT
[86]
AT
Z)ofto>- 1887'! 3. Chs.'; Chs.3 A pain at her stomach. War.
(J.R.W.)
3. Phr. to be at. (i) With obj. of person : to demand of,
to importune. (2) With obj. of thing: to do, set about,
esp. of bad or mischievous acts. (3) With vbl sb. : in the
act of, at the point of.
(i) n.Yks.' Well, I was at my lord agen laast neeght. an' he said
he wad nae hev it sae. Ah was at f priest about it, but 'twur te
ra use. 1 a) Yks. What he'd be at, Munby fi-rscs i 1865] 66. Not.
I don't know what they'll be at next ■ L.C M. I. n.Lin.' Oor Jack's
cot o' Ketton [prison] once moore ; I wonder what he'll be at next
to get his sen putten in agean. Nhp.' What are you at ? What are
you going to be at ? is often said when any one is mischievously
inclined. Hnt. (^T.P.F.) n."Wil. What be at thur ? lE.HG.j
w.Som.l Yuur-z aa-t ut [here's at it], a very common expression
on beginning or resuming work. Aa-I bee aa't ut, fuus dhing
maa'ru mau'rneen [I will be at it. first thing to-morrow morning].
(3 I Cor. The beef is at roasting, Grose ^1790,1 MS. add. .^C.) ; The
water is just at boiling i M.A.C.).
4. Motion to, arrival at a place or condition.
Ir. To call at [visit a person] ■ G.M.H.'i. Cum. Old people used
to say ' they were gaun at church ' ■ M.P. '. Wm. He cam at a
coffin, liggen, Lonsdale Mag. 1 18211 11. 267 ; Wm.' Aa's gang at
sea [I'm going to sea]. Yks. At an' thro', at an' for'ard [to and fro]
(C.C.R.\ e. Yks. It's a spot I never gans at yE.B.V n.Lin.' When
ye cum at th' big elmin-tree ye mun to'n to th' reight. It'll all
be th' 3'ung Squire's when he cums at aage.
5. In-phr. to come, go at. (i ) With obj. of person: to attack,
contend with, compete with ; freq. with ellipsis of i'. of
motion. (2) With obj. of thing: to attack, set about, do.
fi) w.Yks. If t3 duz, il [lie will] at ¥3. I up [he was up] an at
im i' nu3 taim iJ.W.). e.Lan.' Go at him. At him with your feet.
Chs.i If tha says that again, I'll at thee. Stf.^ Weet till th' bobby
cums at him. he'll ma}' 'im goo. Dor.' We dree'll at 3'ou dree.
Som. I'll at you in a game, Pulm.\n Sketches '18421 77, ed. 1871.
Colloq. Up, Guards, and at 'em [saying traditionally ascribed to
Wellington, on the day of the battle of Waterloo, June i8, 1815].
(2 Not. (_L.C.M.') Nhp.2 What are ye gwain at?
6. Fig. Of feeling towards a person.
Sc. Angry at him, Scotic, (17871 8 ; A hatred at him CG.W.) ;
He was the last to hae an ill-will at ony ane, Roy Horseman
(1895 J viii. Ayr. Ye just hae a spite at the bairn, Galt Entail
(18231 viii. Yks. A wor that mad at im wol a cudn't bide ("J.W.).
n.Lan. Me muther's childer were mad at ma, Phizackerley Sng.
Sol. (i860) i. 6. Not. Was ragged [wrath] at him i^W. H.S.J ;
s.Not. I wor mad at 'im (J.P.K.).
in. Of time or occasion.
1. Time when ; often used redundantly.
Sc. When I got home last Monday at e'en, Wihtehead Daft
Davie (1876) 131. w.Yks. ^ When's he boun' — Haw, to-morn at
neet [to-morrow at night]. He's coming at Setterda neet.
2. In phr. fi) at long, finally ; (2) —long and at last, in
the end; (3) — the Jirst onset, at first; (4) — the long
length, at last ; (5) — time and lime, at various times.
I I i Ayr. So at long . . . Miss Jenny was persuaded to put her
name to the paper, Galt Legatees (18201 i. (^21 Ant. At lang an' at
last, Ball YMiena Obs. {iSg2). (31 Hrt. (H.G.I (4 Lan. At th' lung
length aw geet him laid still, Waugh Sngs. (18661 8, ed. 1871.
(5 I w.Yks. Thease not a bairn e all Pogmoor but wot ive nurst at
time an' time, Tom Treddlehoyle T>ip ta Liinnan (18511 15.
Lan. Th' pranks 'at it's pLayed abeaut this plaze at time an' time,
Harland & Wilkinson Flk-Lore (,1867) 62.
I'V. Of agent or action.
1. Of agent : by.
I. Ma. \o\x must have been found in the bulrushes at Pharaoh's
daughter and made a prophet of, Caine Man.Kman 1,1894 1 pt. v.
xviii ; It's never been worn at me, ib. pt. vi. i.
2. Denoting the person froin whom a thing is received :
from, at the hands of.
e.Yks.' Ah weeant tak sike sauce at him. w.Yks. = Alice took
the milk at him. Lan. The new bride to tak 'em at him, 'Eaves-
dropper' ViU. Life 1869 g. I.Ma. I'm hearing the like at some of
them, Caine Man.vnian (18941 pt. i. iv. nw.Der.i ' Tak it at him,'
applied to taking or reaching something from a person who stands
on a higher or lower level, as on a cart, &c.
3. With V. of listening, asking, &c., denoting the person
or source from which information is received.
Sc. I asked at him. Sco/ic. 1 17871 9 ; After some weeks she sought
an opportunity of inquiring at himself by visiting him. Whitehead
Daft Davie (1876 ' 149 ; To ' ask at ' is an ever3'day Scoticism. Ask
at, inquire at, the footman. Apply at the gardener (G.W.). Frf.
The bairn juist aye greets when I speir at her, Barrie Tfirums
{ 18891 xxii. n.Yks.i T'maaster wur here a bit syne, an' he wur
speirin at me about apples. w.Yks. Listen at it, Lucas Stud.
Nidderdale (c. 18821 231. Not. * Listen at' is familiar, though
' listen' itself is little used colloquiallj', ' hark' being the common
verb. Just hark at him[expressiveofastonishmentandincredibility].
Hark at what I'm going to say (W.H.S.l.
4. Phr. to do something at. (i) With obj. of person : to
molest, interfere with. (2) With obj. of thing: to see to,
mend, alter.
(I I n.Yks.' What did he do at thee ? ne.Yks.i What hcz sha
deean at t'bairn ? Lan. Aw'U pay j'on mon off for what he did at
me tother day. Wood Hum. Sketches, 15. Chs.' Tak care or
he'll do summat at thee. Stf.^ Tak' care o' th' kid and dunna let
nobody do nuthin at 'im. Not. What's he done at the child?
(L-CM.) sw.Lin.' What have j'ou been doing at the bairn ?
Lei.' Whativver are ye a-doin' at him ? War.^ What are yo'
adooin' at the lad? 'War.^ Shr.' Yo' needna be afeard, I amma
gvvein to do nuthin at yo' ; Slir.^ 'A binna yable to doa anything
athim. (2I Cum.'' Ah can dui nought mairat it. n.Yks.' Ah caan't
dee owght mair at it [spoken by a workman of a job of work he
had been labouring at]. w.Yks. 2 What will you do at it? ne.Lan.'
Hey ta done ouht at it? Not.' Nhp.' Your house will tumble
about 3'our ears soon, if nothing is done at it ; Nhp. 2 Wants doin'
summat at. War. (J.R.W.) SUr.^ This road ull be daingerous
jist now, if a dunna doa sommat at it. Hnt. (T.P.F.)
■v. Of cause, relation, or condition.
1. Used advb. denoting reason ; for.
Nhb.' What are ye stannin' there at ? [My informant coiifirms the
use of the ex. given above, but thinks it quite a casual expression,
certainly not of frequent use. I do not know of its occurrence
elsewhere than in Newcastle (R.O.H. I.]
2. In exchange for, on ; at nought, on no account, on no
condition.
n.Yks. Ah didn't like't at nowt 'I.W.\ w.Yks. Ah wodn't be
i' his shoes at no consideration, Byiglwuse News (Aug, 10, 1889(1 5
Ah wodn't diu sitch a thing at nowt. Ah wodn't like to live
yonder at nowght (.lE.B.). n.Lin.' I wo'dn't hev sich an aidled
bairn at noht.
3. Phr. to think at, to think of, about.
e.Lan.' Didn't think at it. Stf.'; Stf.^ Ar raester iz a toidi
chap; ei thinks nulhin at lendin 3'3 eifakrain an nivar aksin for
it bak agen. Shr.' 'Er thought nuthin at it, Introd. Ixxxii.
VI. Phr. (j) at all, used in positive clauses: absolutely,
altogether; (2) — all at all, emphatic form of at all; (3)
— ane mae wft, at the last push; (4) — a' ivill, to the
utmost that one could wish ; (5) — back on, hehmA; (6) —
gaze, staring; (7) — the head on, in celebration of; (8) — •
least ivays, — least wise, at least ; (9) — odds, at variance ;
(10) — one end of, mixed up in, connected with ; (11) —
oneself, sound, healthy in mind and body ; (12) — outs, at
enmity; (13) — //rtji', unoccupied, keeping holiday ; (14)
— thee, here's at thee, I agree, here you are ; (15) — ^yonder,
yont on, beyond.
(I) Sc. (Jam.) Ir. And what at all have you got there. Barlow
Lisconnel 1 18951 262 ; It's the greatest fun at all (G.M.H.). I.Ma.
Is the woman mad at all ? Caine Manxman (1895'' pt. 11. i. (2) Sc.
I cannagang there at a', at a* (Jam. Suppl.). Ir. '^^ould there be e'er
a funeral iver goin' black on the road at all at all ? Barlow Lisconnel
(1895 J 32 ; But whin we got up to him, who was it at all at all
but Maurice. . . . An' shure he havn't the colour av a Christian at
all at all. Spectator Oct. 26, 18891, w.Ir. Who are you, at all at all ?
Lover Leg. (1848) I. 6 ; Divil the taste of a burn was an it at all
at all, ib. 41. Lim. : G.M.H.) (3 \ Sc. He looks as he were at ane
mae wi't. Perils 0/ Men, i. 310 ; As to the storm I can tell 3'ou m3'
sheep are just at ane mae wi't, jB/df/tio-Afn^. (Mar. 1823I 313 (Jam.).
4I Sc. (Jam.) (5) w.Yks. Pitched us tent just at back on it,
Slievvild Ann. (1854) 2 ; At back on him wor sum pillars an' flaar
stands, Tom Treddlehoyle Fr. E.xliibition c. 1856 28. 1 61 When
they had stood at gaze for about a minute, Scott Leg. Mont. ^18301
ii. (7) w.Yks. Aw wor wed last Monday... an aw'd a treeat
at th' heead on't. Hartley Clock Aim. i 1891 ) 30 ; Shoo wor foorced
to laff too, an' they left th' childer to laik bi thersen, wol they went
to get a drop o' summat at th' heead on it. ib. (i8go) 21 ; A man
finds people feasting or drinking and asks, ' Hullo ! what's this
at t'head on ?' The answer may be, ' It's at t'head o' nought,'
which means they are feasting for feasting's sake t S.P.U.). [&)
AT
[8-/1
AT-AFTER
Lei.', War.3 n.Yks.^ At-lcast-wise it seems to be seea. (9)
Der.2, War. J.R.W.) (10 Clis.' If lie's not at one eend on it,
it'll be done wrong. If there's to be anny o' that work goin on, aw
mun be at one eend oti it inysel. 1^1 1 1 Abd. Mallach'd and damish'd,
and scarce at hersell, Ross//<-/<no>r 11768 23, ed. 1813. N.I.' He's
no at himscl [he's not well]. Ant. A haeny [have not] been
at mysel', Btt//vnu-na Obs. ^ i892\ \ 12 Der. Him and me are at
outs ^H.R.) ; ber.2, nw.Der.' (13' Stf. To be 'at play' is most
commonly used by workpeople who are in a situation but arc
keeping a holiday: Wei shon bei ot pli neks wik [we shall be at
play ne.\t week]. Occasionally, but more rarely, the phrase is
used to express ' out of work ' : Oi bin at pli far thrci munth on
oi konnDr get 3 job nuwier i A.P. 1 ; Stf.' (141 w.Yks. Jim, seein
he wor nobbud a little chap, said ' Hauf-a-craan, mi lad.' • Here's at
tha,' said little fella, thrawin daan his brass, Deivsbre Ohn. 1 1866 : 5.
(^15^ n.Yks.2 It's at yonder on't [it's at a distance further from it].
[I. He ioyid as geaunt at ren the way, Hamfole Ps.
xviii. 6; Braste out at grate, ll^ars Alex. 872 (Aslimole
MS.) ; He )iat stilest wenes to staiide ( Vesp. MS., at stand),
Cursor M. 61. ON. at (with int.), at vita, to know. II. 2.
I am pale at my heart, Shaks. AI. for Mtas. iv. ill. 157;
Glad at soul, ib. Oth. i. iii. 196. 4. Hit plesit wele the
pepull at Parys to wende, Dest. Troy, ■2la-j^. OE. Ge ne
comon ast me. Matt. xxv. 43. 5. Have at thee, Jasoun !
Chaucek Leg. G. W. 1383. IV. 1. I have be shriven this
day at my curat, ib. C. T. d. 2095. 2. Thcnne gan Gyle
borwe hors at mcny grate maistres, P. Plowman (c.) iii.
176. 3. Aske at Alexander, Wars Ale.x. 1670; I axed this
at hevene king, Ch.aucer C. T. g. 542.]
AT, >-(■/. proii. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Der.(?) Lin. Also written ut a. Lan.'; et nw.Der.' [at.]
1. Who, whom, which, that.
Sc. 'At is ^(7;. used G.W. i. Per. Him 'at wrote Judas Iscariot
the first Residuary, Ian Maclaren Briiy Bush (18951 201.
Wxf.' He at nouth fade t'zey [he that knows what lo say], 90.
Nhb. *As' is not used for a rel. proii. ; we should inevitably
say ' Last Monday at ever was.' That varry day it he cam hyem
(R.O.H.) ; Nlib ' Them at's gan up. Dur. Him 'at went to
foreign parts ' A. B. \ Cum. He gat helpt up on a plank at was
laid cross two barrels, Dickinson Lamphigh (18561 5; T'watch-
men 'et went about t'toon (and ma. Ib. Sng. Sol. (1859) v. 7 ; Yan
o' t'best mowers 'at ivver was i' this country, Richardson Talk
(1871) 58, ed. 1873. Wm. Let me net wish ought at's bad,
HuTTON Bran New IVaik (1785) 1. 151 ; T'sang o' sangs, 'at's
Solomon's, Richardson Sng. Sol. (1859) i. i; Where stands a
mansion newly built Et cost a seet o' brass, Whitehead Leg.
( 1859 7. Yks. If ye'U find me a fine lady 'at's been t'boarding
school 'at addles more nor I do mysen, I'll go servant to her
again, Taylor Miss Miles 1 1890) i. n.Yks. Then ther was a
spot . . . 'at's called Fairy Hill, Tweddell Clevel. Khyiiies (1875I
45; T'drufTen tyke at shoo calls ur maister, IVIiy John (Coll.
L.L.B.\ n.Yks.' Is there naught atAli can dee? — Nowght, at Ah
can tell : n.Yks.'^ ne. Yks.' There's nowt at ah knaws on, e.Yks.
Especially folks 'at's never me'lled wi' you, Linskill E.xehange
Soul (18881 iv ; Ah deean't want ncean o' yer boodin-skeeal
lasses at plays planners, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889190; e.Yks.'
That's man at sthrake [struck] him. w.Yks. T'little fo.xcs, at
spoils t'voines, Bywater Sng. Sol. (1859) ii. 15 ; T'wor then at
someat did tak place, At made wer chairman pale his face, At made
him sigh, and squeeze his side, An' pool his face al ta one side, T.
Toil/lie's Aim. (187512; M ally wor dahn o' one fooit 'at rayther
spoilt her walking, Cudworth Dial. Stetehes . 1884 1 13 ; w.Yks.'* ;
w.Yks.3 Them 'at Au catch ; w.Yks.* It wur him 'at did it I Lan.
He used no drugut strengthens or ut soothes. Ridings Muse (1853)
9 ; Then wur aw in his een as one ut fun favvur, Staton Sng.
Sol.iiS^g) viii. 10; Thoose 'at knew th' owd lad, Waugh Oltl
Cronies { 1875 1 vii ; Simon o'th Pump, lad. 'at went off his yead,
Clego Vaviil's Aoohi i 1894 i. ne. Lan.' Him at left it? e.Lan.',
nw.Der.' ? In Edalc. n.Lin. I'd gie him biggest liidin' 'at iver ony lad
hed, Peacock Taales (18891 93. Lin.' It's a tale 'at's true, 229;
n.Lin.' Them at steals geese should hide the feather poiike. Th'
sod wall at I maade was to noa ewse at all to keap them rabbits oot.
2. Followed by the poss. proit. : forming the gen. case,
whose.
Sc. The aald man, hym at hys lacg was broken, cam liyrplan oot.
The man at hys cuot's tuorn, Murray Dial. (18731 197.
[pai turnyt to |jere tenttcs with tane at jiai hade, Desl.
Troy (c. 1400) 9881 ; Thai armyt thame, all at tliar war,
Barbour Briar, xv. 5 ; For to j'is palais at was sua rike,
Cursor M. 415. ON. at, an indecl. rel. pron., with initial
)) lost. OE./o-/, Goth./rt/-f;.]
AT, drill, pron. Nhb. Cum. Yks. [at] That ; used after
an assertion, and introducing a clause with the construc-
tion inverted, giving emphasis to the assertion.
Nhb.' Cum.' Aa's cum to advise tha', 'at is ee. It's gay bad
wark, at is't. n.Yks.' You weeant, at weeant ye. He was a good
man, at was he. You will, at will ye [you will of a certainty do so
and so]. They were, at were they. w.Yks.' As fine a man as
ivver E clapt my een on, at wor he, ii. 309.
[A special use of ON. at, rel. pron. See At, above.]
AT, conj. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Der. [St.]
1. Introducing a subordinate clause : that.
Frf. There's nae doot 'at he's niakkin for the minister's, Barrie
Thrums (1889) 11, ed. 1895. Wxf.' At skelpearis an slaugheard-
hes mye leeigh aar oer vill [that the piglings and pigs may laugh
their overfill]. Nhb. It's well kent 'at Mark Teasdale canna
manish to leave Williamston, Clare Love 0/ Lass { 1890: I. 7 ; Niib.'
He's se Strang at he can lift a seek o' floor. Cum.* We ken at guid
stuff Laps up i' lal bundles, an' she's lal eneugh. 38. An' said,
whyte nateral, 'at he wantit somebody to ga wid him on ffells, i.
Wm. He'd medup his mind et he wad hev her, Jack Rouison Aald
Taciles{i882) 3. n.Yks. Ah'll nut saay 'at Ah've seen her, Linskiil
Bclu). Heather and N. Sea (1884^ i ; n.Yks.' Ah said at Ah wad,
an' Ah ded. Weean't ee? Bud Ah'll sec at thou diz ; n.Yks.'
ne.Yks.' e.Yks. Ah wish fra me heart at ah yet wor a lad, Lucas
Sliid. Nidderdalc ( c. 1882) 231 ; w.Yks. I knaw, I knaw, 'at I'm i'
t'gate, Preston Poems (1872) 9, ed. i88t. Lan. We've towd
t'nieausturs at we winnot clem, Kay-Shuttleworth Searsdate
(i860') I. 85; Monya toime at neet aw've dreamt ut hoo wur ta'en
away, Bealey Eawr Bessy, 2. n.Lan. Blah on me garden, at t'spices
may run owt, Phizackerlev S'ig. Sol. (^i86o) iv. 16. ne.Lau.' Der.'
He said at he wou'd.
2. In phr. at Iwiv, that.
Der.' He said at how he wou'd. He said at how he went.
[And at it be swa, rise lord, Hampole Ps. iii. 6 (com.) ;
He persauit weill At thai war strange men, Barbour
Bruce, IX. 688. ON. al, that See At, rel. pron.]
AT-AFTER, advb., prep, and conj. phr. n.Cy. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Stf Der. Lin. War. Shr. Also written at-eftir w.Yks.'
1. adv. Of time: after, afterwards.
n.Cy. Grose (1790I MS. add. (P.) n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.2 All things
in order, ploughing first, sowing at-after. ne.Yks.' Obs. e.Yks.
At efter, Thompson Ilisl. U'ellon (1869) 169. m.Yks.' I's boon
[going] at-after. w.Yks. Thah kno's they're better at after for it,
Bywater Sheffield Dial. (1839) 195, ed. 1877 ; He'd managed to
save as mich brass as ud keep him as long as he lived, an' leave a
gradely bit for th' childer at after. Hartley Yks. Xmas. Ann.
1 1879) 10 ; We went to Tom's first an' to Bill's at after, Leeds
Mere. Suppl. ^Dec. 13, 1890) ; w.Yks.' Ill finish my wark. and at-
after Til gang wi' the haam ; w.Yks.*, w.Yks.''; w.Yks.* Shoo
does her bit o' work at after, when ivvry body else is i' bed.
He luked ar him fur two minnitsat after wi'artspciking. 68. Lan. I
cried many a night at after, Gaskell M. Barton ^ 1848 iv ; Who's to
tent thee at after, Kay-Shuttleworth Searsdale \^i86o) II. 282;
Ta'en to honest ways at afther, Brierley Layroek (i864~l vi ;
Cowd ale afore supper an' aught at yo'n a mind for at after,
Waugh Owd Cmnies (1875) iii ; Aw seed Polly i' Blegburn toothrey
toimes ut after, Ferguson Dick Moudywarp, a6. ne Lan.',
e Lan.' Chs.' Shall you come nae or at after? Chs.* I'll be with
ye at after; s.Chs.' Stf.'; Stf.* It was many a while at-altcr then,
afore oi sCd 'im. Der. I lowd him at after, o' th' tale Luke ad set
agoin'. Gushing Voe (1888, I. ix ; Der.'* War. (J.R.W.)
2. Of place: at the rear, after.
Chs. Off he cut, an Jock Carter an aw their chums at taftcr
[si'c], Cloucii B. Bresskillle (1879) 13.
3. prep. Of time : after.
w.Yks. It's my turn at-after thee, Leeds Metx. Suppl. (Dec. 13,
1890') ; w.Yks.* Lan.' Ay. it is a bonny ncct, for sure, at-after
this storm, Waugh Siieck Bant y 1868 14. Chs.' Stf.* An' so
at after dinner Tum went and did a bit o' ploughing. n.Lin.' He
com in at after afternoon cheeh an" set wi' me niaay be a quaai ier
o' a nooer.
4. Of place : behind, after.
Lan. Th" noise ov a toothrey crows close at after mi heels,
BowKEK Tales 1 1883: 50.
5. coll/. After.
e.Yks.' That happened at cfther Jack had gecan hccam, MS.
ATCH
[88
ATHOUT
add. (T.H.) Lan. Nat lang at efter t'sun set, Harland &
Wilkinson Flk Lore (1867I 60. Stf.= At after 'ed bin avvee foive
hours, 'e turned up jed drunk. Shr.' A good wilde at-after
yo'd'n gwun to bed.
[At-after diner daun John sobrely This chapman took
a-part, Chaucer C 7". b. 1445.]
ATCH, V. Stf. [at;.] To sneeze.
Stf.^ i'lodiar'z gotn sum soup in'z nuz, an is atsin 0 up an dain
tS'hais.
[The word is doubtless onomatopoetic]
ATCHERN, see Acorn.
ATCHESON, sb. Obs. Sc. n.Cy. Yks. Also written
atchison. A copper coin struck in the reign of James
VI, worth two-thirds of an English penny.
Sc. A billon coin, or rather copper washed with silver, of the
value of eight pennies Scotch (Jam.) ; They will ken by an
Atchison if the priest will take an offering, Ramsay Prov. dqsi''.
n.Cy. A Scots coin, worth four bodies, Grose i 1790'!. Yks. {K.)
n.Yks. They're nut worth an Atchison or twenty sike, Meriton
Praise Ale (1684^ 1. 400.
[Atchison, a Sc. form of Atkinson, name of an English-
man, who was assay-master of the Scottish mint in the
reign of James VI (James I of England). Mr. Pinkerton
calls the coin 'Atkinson,' Essay on Medals, II. m (Jam.).]
ATCHORN, see Acorn.
ATELIN, see Yetlin.
ATHATNiS, adiK phr. Lan. Chs. Stf Der. Not. Lei.
War. Wor. Shr. Also written athaten(s Der.- nw.Der.' ;
athatans War.^ ; athatness Lan.' [3^at3n(z.]
1. In that way, in that manner.
Lan.' An' o' thattens their little tongues ran Bo sich prattlin
o* went agen th' grain, R.\msbottom 7?/n';;?f5 ; T864^ 20; Makkin
game o' thi poor owd Ant a thattons, IVidder Bagsliaivs Trip (c.
i860) 6. Chs.' Dunna do it a-that'ns : you should do it a-this'ns ;
sithee? Chs.^ s.v. This'n ; s.Chs.' Dhaa mun taak uwt;n it
vi dhaat'n [tha mun tak howt on it a-that-n], n.Sif. What dost
mean by turning worki day into Sunday a-thatn ? Geo. Eliot A.
Bede 1859) XX. Stf.2 \V hat art cuttin th' "edge athatns fur ? Der.2
He's allys a'thatens ; nw Der.' A-thaten. Not. (L.C.M.) Lei.
I know he has got a very dirty lane to go down for serving me
a-that-ens, A'. & Q. ; 1858 2nd .S. vi. 187 ; Lei.' Yo' mutn't dew it
atliatns. War.^^ se.VVor.' Thee artst to be ashuiu'd o' theeself
tu byut [beat] the bwoy athattcns. Shr. (E.F.N.) ; Shr.'
2. To that degree or extent.
s.Chs.' Mi aarm sweld iS dhaat nz dhun ahy ihuwt'th bliid
miis'i bi peyznd [my arm swelled a that ns than i^till) I thowt
th' blood must be peisoned].
[A-. on + //iatn, q.v.]
ATHATKING, prp. s.Stf. [a^a'tnin.] Acting in
that way.
s.Stf. When I was a dairym.-jid, a dairj-maid was I, An' o' thisnin',
an* o' thatniii', an' o' thisnin' went I, Children's play-song (^T.P.).
[A vbl. der. of at/tatn, see above.]
ATHEL, sb. Obs. ? Sc. A prince, a noble.
Sc. Childer, wham thou mayist mak atliils, Riddell Ps. ^1857")
xlv. 16 ; Pitna your trust in athils, ib. cxlvi. 3 ; Alhill, Hathill
(Jam.-.
[Sone as oure athils be-Iiind sa^e f^ar he entred, IVars
Ate.v. 1433; The here of fat hathell was huct as j;e fire,
Dest. Troy, 3857. OE. a;^cli', noble.]
ATHER, see Arder.
ATHER-, see Adder-.
ATHERT, see Athwart.
ATHIN, a'dv. and pn-p. Nhp. Shr. Brks. Sus. Hmp.
Wil. Sorn. Dev. Also written adin Sus.'^ [a'Sin, adi'n.]
1. adv. Within.
Nhp.2, Shr.' Brks.' Be the me-uster athin ? — Naw, he be
Just gan avield. Sus.i, Wil.' Som. Ees, a be a-thin, Jennings
Dial. w.Eng. (1869 ; Aal day long athin, or athout, ' Agrikler '
Rhymes (1872^ 48. nw.Dev.'
2. prep. Within.
Shr.' Sus. Lik a bit of a pomegranate be 3'er temples adin yer
locks. Lower Sng.Sol. (i860) vi. 7; Sus.^ Hmp. Holloway ;
Hmp.' n.Wil. You've a got dove's ej'es athin yer locks. Kite
Sng. Sol. i c. 18601 iv. I. w.Som.' I zeed where the shots went
to ; they wadn athin dree voot o' the hare. Not used as an adv.
[For the pron. of unstressed K<ith- as al/i- cp. athout.]
ATHIRST, adj. Obs. Nhp. Glo. Thirsty.
Nhp. 2 Glo. Afturst, Grose (17901 MS. add. iH.)
[Master, when sawe we the anhungred or a thurst,
TiNDALE Matt. XXV. 44; My soule is a thurste for God.
CovERDALE Ps. xlil. I. OE. of/^yrst for of/yrsled, pp. of
of/yrstan, to sufler thirst. See A- (pref.*}.]
ATHIRT, see Athwart.
ATHISNiS, adv. phr. Wm. Lan. Chs. Stf Der.
Not. Lei. War. Shr. Also written athisen nw.Der.';
athisness Lan.' [acSi'ssnfz.] In this way.
Wm. If thoo gaas on a thissans, as varra seean net hev a single
thing left aboot t'hoose. Spec. Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 6. Lan.' Th'
owd felly kept waggin his yed, th' fust a-this'ns and then a-that'ns.
Athissn we went into th' leath [barn], Collier IVks. (1750) 71.
Chs. Shaoutingk [shouting] at me a thissens, Clough Betty
Bresskiltle (1879) 3 ; Chs,' Stf.2 'E did it athisns. Der.2, nw Der>
Not. Do it athissens (L.C.M.). Lei.' ' Yo' mut dew it a-this'ns,'
said one who was teaching me how to use a sc3'the. War.2 Don't
mow a-that'n, do it a-this'n ; War.^ Get out, ye will never get
to Amerikey a this'ns. se.Wor.' Do it athissens. Shr.' Canna
yo' put the nild [needle] through the stitch athisn an' nod be'Ind
it athatn ?
[A-, on + tliisn, q.v.]
ATKISNING, prp. s.Stf. [aSi'snin.] Acting in
this way.
s.Stf. When I was a housemaid, a housemaid was I, An' o' this-
nin'. an' o' thatnin', an o* thisnin' went I, Children's play-sung
(TP.).
[A vbl. der. o{ athisn, see above.]
ATHOF, conj. Yks. [atSof.] Used with as : as if, as
though.
e.Yks. It was as fast as athof it had grown theear, Nicholson
Flk-Sfi. i 1889) 36 ; e.Yks.' It lewks as athof it wad brust.
[This is a pron. of although. Althofe he fonde coloura-
bill wais to serve his entent, Shirley Detlie of James
(1440) 7 (N.E.D.).]
ATHOL BROSE, sb. Obsol. Sc. Honey or meal
mixed with brandy or whisky, used in the Highlands as
a specific for colds.
Sc. The captain swallowed his morning draught of Athole brose,
and departed. Scott Midlothian 1818 : xlviii ; An aye since he wore
tartan trews He dearly lo'ed the Athol brose. Neil Cow { Mackav ;
A powerful mixture, that no one but a Highlander can safely
indulge in ;i'i.l ; Athol brose was commonly used thirty years ago,
but is now rarely, if ever, heard of (H.E.F.).
ATHOUT, adv.. prep, and conj. Sc. n.Irel. Cum. Wm.
Yks. Lan. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf Glo. Oxf Brks. Nrf Siif
Sus. Hmp. Wil. Som. Dev. Also written athoot, a'oot
m.Yks.' ; adoot Cum.^ m.Yks.' ; avout N.I.'; uthout
w.Som.' nw.Dev.' [«. a^u't, sdii't; s. stSeu't.]
1. adv. Without, outside.
Fif. (Jam.), Suf. (F.H.), Wil.'
2. prep. Without.
Cum. Fwok 'at can't keep fra't adoot signin' t'pledge, Gwordie
Greenup Vance a Year (1873) 18; Cum.^ He tok oiT his specks,
an he glower't at me adoot them, 13. Wm. It's true, adoot a doot
' M P. 1. Yks. He can't guide his own bairn athoot shutting him up,
Macquoid Don's Baritgh ( 1877 1 xlv; I hevn't watched thee . . .
athoot seein' 'at thee never thinks for thysel', Linskill E.xchange
5o»/(i888i liv. n.Yks '2, m.Yks.' w.Yks. Ni\-\'er a year adoot
a summer, Kidderdill Olin. (1874 ; Ye'll knaw adoot ine telling
you, lb. (18781 ; He did it adoot a grummal, Lucas Stud. Nidder-
dalc (c. 1882) 229 ; w.Yks. ^ Am barn athout him ! Shoo's athout
owt tul her fortun'. ne.Lan.' I'se goan athout it. s.Wor.', Shr.'
Hrf. Im'z a week foo! az tawks aathout reazon, IVhy John [Coll.
L.L.B.\ Glo.' Oxf. An tel c stra3't awf too, athowt much to-doo,
IVhv John (Coll. L.L.B.). s.Oxf. Athout spilin' th' old un, Rose-
mary Chilterns (1895 1 77. Nrf. Athowt luking either to the right
or left. Spilling Molly Miggs (1873) i. Sus. Maidens adout
number. Lower Sng. Sol. (1860I vi. 8. Hmp.' I.W. Vorced to
zet wi' clane hands from morning to night athout zo much as
a bit of vittles to hready. Maxwell Gray Annestey (1889) I. 159.
Wil.' He's gone athout his dinner. Som. Noa man eswise athout
a wife, ' Agrikler ' Rhymes (1872) i.
3. conj. Unless.
N.I.' I could not tell avout I saw it. ne.Yks.' Wa san't be able
ti lead ti-morn, .athoot vva git a bit o' wind. e.Yks.' MS. adit.
i^T.H.) War.2 I sha'n't go, athout yO' do. Shr.' Yo'n never scrat
ATHRAW
[89]
ATOP
3 grey yed athout yo' tak'n better car' o' yoreself, Inlrod. Ixxxii.
Brks.' I wunt go atliout thee comes too. w.Som ' Yiie kaan git
geod dliing-z udhaew t yue bee u muyn tu paa y vaiir ut [you
cannot get good things (stock) without you be a mind to pay for
it] 1 on't come, athout you'll come too. nw.Dev.'
[Another form of this word is Arout. See also
Athin.J
AinKXVf , adv. Sc. [s\>ra..] Awry.
Edb. The gable end o' that house is athraw (J.W.M.V Dmf.
Shouther your arms, — O had them on tosh And not athraw, Mayne
StlUr Gun . 1808 , 20.
[A; on 4 //iniiu (to twist), q.v.]
ATHURTENS, adv. Chs. [atJa-tanz.] Athwart,
across.
Chs. 1 3
[A der. of allnvart, q.v. Formed after the analogy of
such forms as Athatn(s, Athisn(s.]
ATHWART, adv , adj. and pnf. Sc. Wm. Yks. Lin.
Wor. Shr. Glo. Oxf Brks. e.An. Hmp. I.W. Wil. Dor.
Soni. Dev. Cor. Amer. Also written athert Glo.'^ I.W.'
Wil.*: athirt s.Wor.' Oxf.' I.W.' Dor.'; athort Sc.
e.An.'; athurt Brks.' Shr.* Hmp.' w.Som.' Cor.'" ; adirt
Dor.' [3j33-t, aSat.]
1. adv. Across, crosswise.
Sc. Athort (Jam.). Wm. A star fell directly athwart, Hutton
Bran Neiv IVark (ivBs"! 1. 368. Yks. It was knee-deep in snow,
but I got athwart iC.C.R.). s.Wor.', Shr.' Glo. As cross as two
sticks athurt i F.H.^ ; Glo." I.W. 2 Be 3'ou gwyne athert [across
the Channel] to-day? Wil. Athwart, across a field at right angles
to its sides, Ellis Ptonnnc. 1 1889 < V. 47. Dor. I was just coming
athwart to hunt ye out, Hardy Creenwd. Tree 1 18721 I. 16 ; Won't
he come athirt! — No, he's beyond the brook, Barnes Poems (1869)
134 ; I went athirt from Lea to Noke, ib. 9. w.Som.' Dhu pees
u klaa th wuz u-kuut rai-t udhuur tn ukraas [the piece of cloth
was cut right athurt and across]. n.Dev. Athert. Grose v 17901 MS.
add. (H.) Cor. Athart, Monthly Mag. 1 1808 i II. 422 ; Lookin oal
athurt, for he had a purty squenty, Tim. Towser^ 6; Cor.' He
looks athurt [he squints] ; Cor.^^
Hence Athurt-eyed, squinting.
Dev. 3 A person who squints is said to be thurt-eyed.
2. Abroad, far and wide.
Sc. There goes a speech athort . . . dissuading the King from
war with us, Baillie Letters (1775*1 I. 83 (Jam.1 ; Athwart an'
wyde abreaede haes thrawn the banes o' him. Riddell Ps. i 1B57)
liii.5 ; He'll gang athort. I have heard this used, but only by very
old people (J.W M."l. Abd. A' wye an' athort [everywhere], is a
common phr. (H.E.F.)
3. adj. Crossing, cross-cut.
Nrf.' Winterton lighthouses, whose lights intercross, were de-
scribed on the spot as ' thowt lighthouses,' and appeared on the
map, soon after, as ' the Thought Lighthouses.' Thowt pegs are
the pins between which the oars of a boat are confined. Som.
A cross-cut saw is an athirt saw, Sweetman IVweanlon Gl. (18851.
4. fiirp. Of position or motion : across, over.
Sc. Strange looks athort my winnock pass, J amieson Pop. Ballads
(1806) 233. Abd. Athort the morn's gloamin', Ale.xander Johnny
Gibb (1871) xx.xii. Frf. Athort his godship's trusty naig, Beattie
Amha (c. 1820) 10, ed. 1882. Ayr. Athort the lift they start and
shift. Burns Vision. Yks. I was going athwart a close (C.C.R.).
Lin. One night I wur sittin' aloan. Wi' Roaver athurt my feeat,
Tennyson Owd Rod i88g). w.Wor.' Bring 'er athirt the river.
Bill. Glo. Blow your clouds, ... If thurs nun athirt the sky.
Leg. Peas. (1877) 25 ; GIo.' He lives athert the park. Oxf.'
Athirt the road. Brks. Stretched athurt the varmer's zaddle,
Hughes Scour. White Horse (1859) vi ; Thaay've a bin and gone
off somweres athert the wall, ib. T. Broivn Oxf. (1861) xxiii ;
Brks.' I zin 'in run athurt the pe-us o* turmuts. e.An.' Hmp.
He went alhurt th' vield (H.C.M.B.); Hmp.' I.W. Goo on
athirt them turmuts, Maxwell Gray Annesley (1889I I. xcii ;
I.W.' ; I.W. 2 The hare ran right athert the ground. Wil. There
always wur a path athwert thuck mead in the ould volk's time,
Jefferies Gamekeeper (1878) 170, ed. 1887; And jogged along
athirt the plaain, Slow Rhymes t 1889^ 103. n.Wil. He come
athert thic ground (E.H.G.I. Wil." Dor. Wi thik girt pain athirt thee
brow. Young Edogiie (1862) 4; But zent noo vaice, athirt the
ground to me, Barnes Poems (18691 61; Athirt the chest he
wer so wide As two or dree ov me or you, ib. 136; Dor.' At the
road adirt the wide an' shaller vuord, 73. Som. Ver lan's athurt
th' sev. PuLMAN Sketches (1842' 33, ed. 1853 ; Athirt the cadger's
VOL. I.
showlders ran Hes wallet, villed wi swag and scran, ' Acrikler'
Rhymes (1872) 71 ; Put 'em up in stacks athurt the street to stop
the traffic, Raymond Love and Quiet Life .1894; 25. w Som.' Ec
vaa lud rait udhuurt dhu aj- [he (the treej lell right across the
hedge]. Cor. He took the cheeld athurt the back. Tkegellas
Tales (i860) 15; E wor goin' athurt that saame field, Higham
Dia. 1866) la ; She were athurt the planchin, and could'n die
till we did put her right along it. A'. & Q. (1871 4th S viii. 322.
[Nad. Atert the road, Patterson in 7ni«5. Amer. Flk-Lort Soc.
v'894'.]
5. Across, from corner to corner, diagonally.
se.Wor.' Dev.s When ploughing a field in a slanting direction
the man is said to plough athurt the field.
6. Through.
Sc. Posts went athort the whole country, Baillie Letters (1775)
I. 32 (Jam.). Per. A man that has visited every house in a
parish or town would say, ' I have been athort the hale parish, or
town ' I G.W.).
7. In phr. to come or run athwart a person, to meet acci-
dentally.
Slir.2 Comed athurt on him Hmp. Just let me come athert "un
agin, ' Countryman ' in Forest. Miscell. (1846) 164. n.Dev. Nif tha
com'st athert Rager Hosegood, E.xm. Seol. (1746) I. 198. Dev.^
Two persons are said to run ' athirt aitch other.'
8. In phr. (i) athert a>id across, interwoven, trcllis-wise ;
(2) athurt and atoiii^st, phr. used to imply double dealing,
' holding with the hare, and running with the hounds';
(3) athwart asquint, from one corner to the other diago-
nally opposed to it.
(i) Dor. I made a pen o' sticks, athert and across (C.V.G.X
(2) n.Dev. A proverbial expression when reflections pass back-
wards and forwards between neighbours. Grose (17901 MS. add.
(H.) Dev.^I telleeyu beaproperchayte [cheat]. Yu urn'th athurt
and alongst as the maggot biteth. (31 Wil. They brought him all
athwart asquint of farmer Pike's field, Ellis Pronunc. (1889
V. 46.
[The form athirt occurs in Rom. Partenay (c. 1500) 169.
A-, on + tlnvart, q.v.]
A-riCAST, sb. Sh.I. [a'ti-kast.] One who through
physical unfitness and general incapacity is thrust aside,
rejected, and possibly ill-treated.
Sh.I. In common use (K.I.). S. & Ork.' Aticast, a silly, helpless,
odd sort of person.
[It is prob. that the orig. mg. of aticast was 'one
rejected, an outcast,' and that the word is Norse. Ati-
(Norw. dial, atti- again, Aase.nJ -f aw/, pp. of cast (ON.
kasta).]
ATISSHA, V. Yks. To sneeze.
n.Yks. (I.W.), e.Yks.'
[An onomatopoetic form.]
ATO, adv. Or.I. w.Sc. Also written atoo, atae, atto.
[atoE-, ate.] Of motion : to, towards.
Or.I. Quite commonly used everywhere here (K.M.t. w.Sc.
Come in atae, come in towards (the fire ■. Draw the door atae (J a.m.
Siippl. 1.
ATOMY, see Anatomy.
ATOP, adz: and />;,/>. phr. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks.
Lan. Chs. Stf. Lin. War. Wor. Shr. Glo. Oxf. Brks. e.An.
Som. Dev. [ato-p.]
1. adv. On the top.
Ir. An' the furzes an' brooms in a ruflle a-top. Barlow Bog-land
(1892) 108. ne.Lan.' Dev. Warm, thick cob walls, and a fine
thatch of straw atop S.A.A.^ CoUoq. They laid a sheet to the
door. With the little quilt atop, Kipling Brt. Ballads 1 189a! Gi/f
of the Sea.
2. prep. phr. (a) Atop of, upon, on the top of. Also
Jig., invested in.
Ir. As the car grated past below their perch atop of the haggard
wall, Barlow Kerrigan (18941 14; 'Twill be much if you land
home afore its atop of you, ib. Lisconnel (1895 46. Nhb.' What
he' ye atopa yor heed ? Dur. Whe's this 'at cums up frac t'wilder-
ncss. Icanen atoppiv hur beluved ! Moore Sng. Sol. 1 18591 viii. 5;
Lewk nut atoppa mah. becouse a' as black bccouse t'sun hes lewk'd
atoppa mah, ib. i. 6 ; Dur.' Cum. A'top o' the greenwood tree,
Gilpin Bulhids i 1874 178 ; 1 know better nor tread atop o' your
bonny happins, Denham Tracts ed. 18921 I. 178. n.Yks. When
t'last Icead was atop o' t'cart, Tweddell Clevel. Rhymes ( 1875) 4 ;
Yah hea ncea wealth ner gear at all Bud t'cleeas atop o' yer back,
ib. 42. e.Yks. He saw a fellow stanin atop ova teeable, Nicholson
N
ATOUR
[90]
ATTER
F/k-S/>. ('1889) 35. w.Yks. Noa livin soul a'top o't earth Wor tried
as ah've been tried, Pkeston Poems, &'c. ( 1864) 6 ; w.Yks.^ Lan.i
Aw took him straight a-top o' th' yed wi't— sich a cleawt, Waugh
Owd Bl. [ 1867) iii. Chs.i He's a- top o' th' stack. A woman who
had lent her savings to the trustees of a Wesleyan chapel said, ' I've
got all ray money a-top of a chapel.' s.Chs.' Get atop o' th' banks
[hay-loft]. Stf.2 Just chuck this timber atop o' th' ruck owt o' th'
road. War. (J.R.W.) ; War.^ Wor. Ketchin' that cowld atop of
the t'other (H.K.). se.Wor.' Shr.i I've bin lookin' that cork-screw
up an' down, an' fund it a top o' the cubbert shilf after all; Shr.^ One
atop o' the tother. s.Oxf. ' Why, if there ain't the letter stickin'
atop of your 'ed ! ' cried Rosamond, Rosemary Chil/eriis ( 1895^ 107.
Brks.i Get atop o' the taayble. e.An.' 1 saw Mr. Brown a'top of
his new horse yesterday. Som. Leancn' his two brown arms
atop o' our low stone wall, Leith Lemon Verbena (1895) 61.
(b) Atop on, upon, on the top of.
Nhb.i Atopon an aad hoose. n.Yks.2 e.Yks.' w.Yks. f'a munat
lig atop on am (J.W."). n.Lin.' Glo. I've a heard folks say as it's a
fine place when you be atop on't, Buckman Darke's Sojourn (,1890)
179.
[A-, on + fop.]
ATOUR, see At-ower.
ATOWARDS, prep. Yks. Lan. Also written atort
ne.Lan.^ [stou-sdz, ata'dz.]
1. Towards, in the direction of.
e.Yks. Bob wer ower anenst Cross Keys gannin atowads chotch
when ah seed him (J.N.) ; e.Yks.' He was gannin atowards Hull,
MS. add. (T.H.) ne.Lan.i
2. In aid of, in contribution to.
e.Yks. He ga' ma fahve shillins atowads beeldin' a new pig-
stye (J.N.") ; e.Yks.i He ga ma a pund atowards a new 'oss, MS.
add. (T.H.) w.Yks. I [he] ga ms sumat atadz it (J.W.).
3. Approaching to, close upon.
e.Yks.' Awd man's gannin atowards a hundhad, MS. add.
(T.H.)
\At -^- towards.]
AT-OWER, pnp. and adv. plir. Sc. n Cy. Yks. Also
written atour, attour, attowre Sc. [atoar.]
1. prep. Of position or motion : across, over, out-over.
See also Out-ower.
Sc. Syne he has gane far hynd attowre Lord Chattan's land sae
wyde, Ramsay Tea-Table Misc. (1724'! I. 228, ed. 1871 ; Wi' un-
kempt hair, grey, rank, and weedy, That 'neath a croonless hat
waved reedy Atour his shouthers, Allan LHIs 1 1874) 2. Frf, It's
weel worth 3^er while to ging atower to the T'nowhead an' see,
Barrie Licht (1888) 164. e.Lth. It took him a fortnicht afore he
was able to win atour the bed, \iuti-YKis. J, Immck 1 1895) 241. Edb.
Or spend a nicht attour the brod [draughtboard] Or in some howff,
M'^I.aren Poems ( 1892) ; Gin ye dinna stop greeting this meenit I'll
come attour ye wi' the tawse [strap] (J.W.M.). Slk. The plaid was
atower ma shouthers, Chr. North Nodes (ed. 1856) IV. 60.
n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.)
2. In spite of.
Rnf. I'll do this attour ye (Jam.). Slk. I'll do it atower ye
(H.C.).
3. adv. Of quantity, degree : over and above, beyond,
besides.
Sc. An' mair attour, I didna care to bachle my new sheen,
FoRBEsyrK. (17421 16. n.Yks.2 I had rather pay at- ower than at-
under [pay above my debt tlian not pay at all],
4. Of place : at a distance, away.
Sc. Lat's rive their thirlbans syndry, an' fling atowre their tows
frae us ! Waddell Ps. (1891) ii. 3 ; To stand attour, to keep off;
to go attour, to remove to some distance (Jam.).
5. In phr. by and at-ower, over and above, into the
bargain.
Sc. Both Aberdeens were ordained to furnish out (by and attour
the footmen) the furniture of six rick-masters, Spalding Hist. (1792)
I. 230 (Jam.); She is . . . younger than the like o' me, — bye
and attour her gentle havings, Scott yjfrfg'. (i824)xii. Lnk.Byand
attour, ten lambs at spaining-time, Ramsay Gentle Sliep. (1725) 65,
ed. 1783.
[1. And he him-selff atour the lave, Barbour Bruce, n.
368 ; To the castell he can hym hy, And clam out-our the
vail of stafie, ib. ix. 316; Out-ouer t'at well f'an lokes he.
Cursor M. 1319. 2. How the Pechtis crownit ane king
attouir forbidding, Stewart Cron. Scot. (1535) II. 12
(N.E.D.). At- (the unstressed form of out) -i- over.]
ATRY, see Attery.
ATSELF, adv. Irel. Also written aself. [atse'lf,
aself]
1. Actually, really.
Ir. If you don't hit him atself, hovER Handy Andy (1843).
2. Merely, even, only so much as.
Ir. It's a good thing to have a pound a month aself (A. S. P.) ;
A guest declines some cold beef. His host presses him to some
lighter fare, ' Take some apple-pie aself,' i. e. at all events take
that, if nothing else. A farmer's daughter expresses a hankering
for a pair of silk stockings : her mother ridicules her with, ' Silk
stockings, aself! ' If I had it [a new dress] aself I wouldn't wear
it at the Smiths', N. & Q. (1885) 6th S. xii. 513. Tyr., Arm.
Well, it's a pity he can't read atself (D. AS.).
{Atself is a pron. of itself. The word is used to imply
(i) the thing 'itself; the very actual or real thing;
hence, as adv. 'actually, really' ; (2) the thing 'by itself,'
i.e. taken alone, the mere thing; hence, as adv. 'merely,
even, only-so-much-as ' (D.A.S.).]
ATSE"!, Sh.I. [atse-t.] The turn of the tide, when the
ebb begins.
S. & Ork.l
ATSTEAD, advb. plir. w.Yks. [at-stia'd.] Instead.
w Yks. Ah've comed atsteead o' mi fadher (J.R.) ; Atsteead o'
bein' t'cart it mud ha' been t'donkey, Binns Orig. (1889) i. 4.
[At-^stead (OE. sfede, place).]
ATTACH, V. Hrt. [ata'tj.] To be subject to.
Hrt. My husband has been attached to rheumatics from his
youth (H.G.).
[I ... am my self attach'd with weariness, Shaks. Temp.
III. iii. 5. Fr. attac/ier, to tye, fasten, bind, Cotgr.]
ATTACK, V. Hrf [atse'k.] To undertake.
Hrf.' I mean to attack the journey.
ATT ACT, sb. and v. Nhb. Lin. War. Wor. Ess. Som.
Dev. Dial, pronunc. of attack.
1. sb.
n.Lin.' Oor squire's hed a bad attact o' asmy ; I thoht he'd ha'
deed. Ess. He'd ov the gullion [colic] an attact, Clark J. Noa/tes
( 1839') 27 ; Ess.'
2. V. Esp. used in past tense and pp.
Nhb.' Attackted is very commonly used in Newcastle. n.Lin.'
He attackted him like a wild fella'. War. (J.R.W.), se.Wor.'
w.Som.' Used by the uneducated above the lowest class, such
as small tradespeople. If you plaise, sir, I must ax you vor
to keep thick dog a-tied up ; he attackted me wilful, gwain on the
road. Dev. Reports Proinnc. (1885) 87.
ATTEAL DUCK, sb. Or.I. Also written attile.
The Pochard, Fuligida ferina.
Or.I. SwAiNSON Birds (1885) 160. S. & Ork.'
ATTER, sb. Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs. e.An. Sus. [a'tar,
a-ta(r).]
1. Obs. ? Poison, venom.
Cld. (Jam. Stippl.), Lan.», Chs.12
2. Morbid matter from an ulcer or wound ; proud flesh.
Abd. Attir (Jam.). n.Yks.' Whyah, Willy's ban's brussen then ?
— Ay, an' a strange vast o' bloody atter's coomed frae it ; n.Yks. ',
ne.Vks.' e.An.' s.Cy. Ray (1691). Sus. Attar [is] corruption
of a sore or wound (K.).
3. Epithelium produced on the tongue, in cases of fever, &c.
n.Yks.' Mally's varrey dowly teday ; her tongue's a' covered
ower wiv a thick white atter ; n.Yks. 2, Nrf.'
Hence Altered, adj. Of the tongue : furred.
m.Yks.'
4. A scab, a dry sore.
n.Yks. His head is all in a atter (I.W.).
Comp. Atter -scar.
n.Yks.* Atter-scar, the place of an old sore with an occasional
exudation or discharge.
[1. And alle the other ther it lyth, enuenymeth thorgh his
attere, P. Plowman (b.) xii. 256; Neddren beore* atter
under heore tunge. Ham. (c. 1250) 51. 2. Atter, corrupt
matter, gore, snot, Bailey (1721) ; Atter, vo.x agro Lin-
colniensi usitatissima, pus, sanies, Skinner (1671) Cc 2;
Attyr, fylthe, sanies, Prompt. OE. attor, dtor, poison,
venom, cp. G. eiter.]
ATTER, v. Yks. Lan.
1. To venom, sting.
Lan. Said of a toad, and of a fish called bull-joan or bull-head,
Mancli. City News (Apr. 25, 1896).
ATTER
[91]
ATT WOOD
2. To discharge, as a sore ; henceto clot, tocurdle.tocake.
See also Hatter.
n.Yks.'^ It attcr'd weel. Our cream's all atter'd. Also, as the
flesh is scabbed or mattered. Lan.' He's fair attert \vi' dirt.
[Same as alter, sb. (q.v.).]
ATTER, see Hatter Natter.
ATTERCLAP, see After-clap.
ATTERCOP, sb. Sc. Irel. Nlib. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Also Wil. Also in the forms attercap N.I.' ; atter-
cob N.Cy.' Wm.' n.Yks.^ Lan.' ne.I.an.' Chs.'^ ; attercrop
c.Lan.' m.Lan.' ; aftercrop c.Lan.' ; nattercop nel-.Tii.' ;
eddercrop Lan.' ; edthercrop Lan.' ; ettercap, ethercap
Sc. ; ottercop Nhb.' [Sc. a'tar-, etar-cop ; a-ta-cop.J
1. A spider ; hence Jig. a small, insignificant person.
Sc. As baul' as ony ettercap, Forbes /mi. _ ^ 174a) 14. Or.I.
Ettercap iS A.S.V Wxf.' n.Cy. Attercob, the venomous spider,
Grose 1,1790) MS. add. (C) Cum. Linton Lake Cv. 1 1864 296.
Wm.' n.Yks.>2 OAso/. ne.Yks.' w.Yks. HurroN Tour tu Caves
(1781); Who's going to stop me? Not a hatter-cropper
like thee! Westall Biir/i Z)«Hf 1889^ II. 28. Lan. Ettercrops,
Grose (1790) MS. add. iC.^; No moore nur e they'd bin us
mony eddicrops, Eggshibishitn (1856^ 24 ; Aw met weel foind o'
eddercrop crecpin' o' mi cwoats, Scholes Tint Gantwatth 1857
15 ; Iv E"d bin o greyte eddycrop hoo cudn't o bin moore tacn on.
Ormerod Fctley fro Rachde (1864) ii ; Lan.' Th' wimmen lace
thersels up so, they look like attcrcops. Th' edges are full o'
edthercrop neesus [nests] ; ne.Lan.', e.Lan.' ; m.Lan.' One o' th'
kings o' Scotland, when i' prison, were wonst watchin' a atter-
crop as were i' th' same cell. Cbs.' ^, Wil.'
2. A spider's web.
N.Cy. '2, Nhb.'. Cum. (K.\ Cum.> w.Yks.' Her hair au full
of attercops, ii. 288. Lan.' Th' blackberries wur o' covered wi'
attcrcobs.
Hence Attercop-web, a spider's web.
Wm. The trust of the evil-doer shall on a.i attercob- web, Hutton
Bran New IVark (1785) 1. 392. n.Lan. oz diai oi. an atorkopwcb
(W.S.V
3. The ant.
Sc. I know the ant as the ettercap. A nest o' ettercaps (G.W.'i.
4. Fig. An ill-natured, petulant, malignant, captious
person.
Sc. A fiery etter-cap. a fractious chiel. As het as ginger, and as
stieve as steel, Scott IVaverley i 1814) Ixiv ; Never an auld carle
but was a bit o' a ettercoup, Roy Horsemati (1895) xxi. Sh.I.
{Coll. L.L.B.) Per. Gin a' hed imagined what the ettercap wes
aifter, a" wud hae seen ma feet in the fire afore they tarried
me tae the Free Kirk that nicht, Ian Maclaren Brier BusIi {i8g^)
215 ; He's juist an ettercap. it). Atild Lang Sytte [ 1895^ 319. Ayr.
But that ettercap. . . is flying through the town, Galt Legatees
(18201 vi. Lnk. It's dal'ter like to thole An ethercap like him
to blaw the coal, Ramsav Gentle S/iefi. (1725) 86, ed. 1783. N.I.'
Ya cross attercap, ya. Ant. Yon crabbed attercap, Ballyniena
Obs. (1892). N.Cy.' Edder-cap, a shrewish woman. ne.Lan.'
Natter-crop, a peevish person.
[1. The webbis of an attercop, Wyclif (1382) Isa. lix.
5; Attercoppe and fule vlije, Owl S^ N. (c. 1225) 600. 2.
Addircop or a spinners web, araigiiee, Pai.sgr. 4. Thow
irefull attircop, Pilate, apostata, Kennedie Ftyting (c. 1505)
523 (N.E.D.). OE. attorcoppe, a spider, from alor (altar),
poison, see Atter, 1. For coppe cp. kop in Flem. spiiiitc-
kop, spider (Schuermans).]
ATTERIL, sb. Irel. Yks. Also written atheril,
attherU e.Yks. ; attrU w.Yks.^ ; ottrel w.Yks.' ; hatterel
N.I.'
1. Poisonous matter from an ulcer or wound.
n.Yks.'^A thick vtllow atteril. ne.Yks.' Mi nioolh's all iv a
atteril. e.Yks. ^H.E'W.i ; e.Yks.' m.Yks.'
2. A scar or cicatrix with a rough surface ; an eruption.
See also Hatterel.
N.L' He's all in a hatterel. w.Yks.^ A man with a pimpled face
from drinking is said to have his face ' all in a ottrel.'
3. A shapeless, dirty, or entangled mass ; a complete
wreck.
e.Yks. Poor fellow ! he was smasht all tiv [to] a atheril,
Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889 50; e.Yks.' w.Yks.s • It wur all
in a attril,' said of clover growing in a thick mass, entangled
together, and not uniformly as it should. The fleeces of wool in
scabbed sheep are said to be ' all of a attril.'
ATTERING, ppl. adj. Lan. [a'tarin.] Poisonous.
Lan.'
[On face and hondis thei had gret nayles And grette
homes and atteryng taylj's. Visions oj Ttindale (c. 1440),
ed. Tuu.NBULL ( 1843) 6. Altering, prp. o{ atter, vb. (q.v.).]
ATTERMITE, sb. Obsol. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lin.
Also in form attramite Lin. [a'tar-mait, a'ts-mait.]
1. A venomous fly much used in fishing.
Wm.' A'll gie tha a handful o' attermites aback o' thi neck !
2. Fig. An ill-tcmpcrcd, spiteful person.
Cum. Linton Lake Cy. (1864) 296. w.Yks.' Lin. Your ears
are dinned, where'er you budge, Wi' little attramites o' bairns,
Brown Lit. Laiir. (1890 56.
3. One who resembles his parents.
Wm.' A chip of the old block, or, in the words of my informant,
' a lad as is up to o' maks o' tricks like his fadder afore cm,' or
' a lass as hes seeam wcaas es her madder.'
[1. Prob. a comp. of atter (poison) + mile (the insect).
See Attercop.]
ATTERN,mi>'. Lan. Glo. [a-tan, ae-tan.] Venomous.
Of persons: cruel, fierce; ill-natured.
Glo. Grose 1790 ; Glo.'
Hence Attern-teniper, an irritating, malignant temper.
Lan. People often call a bad temper an ' attern-temper,' Gaskell
Leeliires Dial. ^1854 i 30.
[He jjurh atterne drench daeS seal i|iolicn, La^amon,
16084. OE. trttren, atren, venomous, der. of attor, alor.
See Atter, sb.]
ATTERPILE, sb. Obs. Lan. A small fish with
venomous spines.
ne.Lan.'
[A comp. of Atter, sb. For -pile cp. ME. pil in llespil,
the quill or dart of a hedgehog ; also, the hedgehog, see
Stratmann (s.v. //).]
ATTERY, adj Sc. Yks. Glo. e.An. Hmp. Wil. Also
written atry Sc. [a'tri, ae'tari.]
1. Purulent, used with reference to a sore.
Sc. Atry, attrie. applied to a sore that is cankered (Jam.). n.Yks.',
e.An.'
2. Of persons : irritable, fretful, grim, ill-tempered.
Cai. An atrie vvamblin [misgrown child] (Jam.). Abd. Wi' atry
face heej-ed The Trojan shore, Forbes .•//«.«vi742l 3; Black hairy
warts about an inch between O'erran her atry phiz beneath her
een, Ross Helenorc 11768) 165. Glo. Obs. S.m\th Livts Berkeleys
(ed. 1885 111.24. e.An. HoLLowAV. Hmp.' Unknown in n. Hmp.
Wil.'
[ME. allry (Chaucer), attrii, (Orinuhim), OE. cettrig
(Lcechdoiiis), venomous, poisonous. Atter, sb. ((\.\.)-\-y
[OE.ig].]
AT THAT HOW, adv. phr. Lin. In that way.
sw.Lin.' She was born at that how.
AT THIS HOW, adv. phr. Lin. In this way.
sw.Lin.' If the weather holds at this how. Why, you sec,
Sir, it's .-It this how.
ATTICE, sb. Som. A carpenter's tool ; an adze
(Hall.). Unknown to our correspondents.
ATTILE-DUCK, see Atteal Duck.
ATTIVILTS, ii. Sh.I. [a-tivilts.] Land which has
been worked after lying one year lea.
Sh.I. This rig is attivilts and that one lea (K.L). S. & Ork.'
[Norw. dial, atti, again +/(•/</ Kjelll), adapted, adjusted
(AasenI.]
ATTLE, sb} Cor. Also written attal, addal, addle,
Cor.'^atal. [ae-tl.] Rubbish thrown out from a mine;
refuse, deads.
Cor. iK.U Or covcr't ovver 'pon the stull With attle tcl the
plaace es full. Tregei.las Tales 11860 57. ed. 1865 ; Cor.' The
Cornish tinner, in Carcw's lime, called the heaps of abandoned
tin works Attal Sarazin, which he translates, 'The Jcwcs offcast,'
Sun'ev of Cor. (ed. 1769 8; Cor.*
ATTLE, see Ettle.
ATTOCK, see Hattock.
ATTOUR, ATTOWRE, see Atower.
ATTWOOD, sb. War. [se'twud.] A foolish fellow,
stupid person.
War. NoRTHALL Flk-Phr. (1894^ ; War.« ; War.3 Probably a name
of notoriety about 1830, when Thos. Attwood was thrcatciung to
N 2
AT-UNDER
[92]
ATWIXT
march on London with Birmingham reformers, and that the pay-
ment of taxes would be refused.
AT-UNDER, n^i'./Z/r. [at-u-nd3(r).] Yks. In subjec-
tion, under control.
n.Yk'i.' ; n.Yks.^They munbe kept at-under. e.Yks.i Shoo mun
keep him at undher, MS add. (T.!!.) m.Yks.'
AT WEE, ATWEEA, see A-two.
ATWEEL, adv. So. Irel. [atwl'l.] Truly, indeed,
assuredly, of course.
Sc. Atweel I wad fain tell him it wad do him gude to put hand
to wark, Scott Anliqiimy (1816) xxxix ; Atweel it is my bukes.
Atweel it is my peat. Chambers Rhymes (1870) 63 ; 'It should
soften a man instead o' harden him.' ' Atweel should it, gudeman,'
said Mary, Whitehead Daft Davie (1876) 23. Abd. Atweel
I danced wi' you on your birthday, Ross He/eiiore (l^68) ig, ed.
1812 ; Wha yokes wi' you's a gowk, atweel ! He needs a lang
speen that sups wi' the deil, Giiidinan (1873") 40, ed. 1875. Lnk.
Hoo am I, say ye? Atweel I canna complain, Fraser IVhanps
(1895) i. Lth. Oh it's angersome, atweel, An' sune'Il mak' me
gray. Smith Meiiy Bridal (18661 24. Rxb. Our wa's atweel are
waft' enough. Riddell Poet. IVks. (1871) II. 129. Ant. Atweel
you'l go tae the market the morn, Ballyiiieiia Obs. (1892).
[Ahveel repr. (/) ivat iveel, I know well.]
ATWEEN, prep. In gen. dial, use in Sc. Irel. Eng.
Also written atwin e.Yks".' Suf.' ; atweun,atwane Biks.'
[atwrn.]
1. Between, in its var. lit. meanings.
Sc. Auld shoon upon his feet were seen, That showed his taes
some rents atween. Allan Litis (1874) 3. Frf. I saw him put up
his hand atween him and the Book, Barrie Minister (1891) x.
Per. Na, na, the grass 'ill no grow on the road atween the college
and the schule-hoose, Ian Maclaren Brier Bush (1895") 17 ; That's
naething atween auld neeburs, ib. A:ild Lang Syi!e{iSg$) 13. Ayr.
There's an unco odds atween being a slave and doing a service,
Galt Lairds (1826) xiv ; Hae had a bitter black out-cast Atween
themsel, Burns Twa Herds (1785). Lnk. Atween you and me,
Fraser IVhaups (iSgs) xii. e.Lth. Muckle may fa' atween the cap
an' the lip. Hunter J. Inwick (1895) 127. Edb. There was nae ac-
quaintance atween them, Scott Midlothian (1818) iv. Slk. 'Tween
the gloamin' an' the mirk. When the kye comes hame, Hogg Sng.
(1831) ; And aiblins atween a couple o' hams, Chr. North Nodes
(ed. 1856 i III. 3. Gall. There's naebody atween Tweed an' Tay can
come within a lang sea mile o' him, Crockett Stickit Min. (1893)
150. N.I.', N.Cy.' Nhb.i Aa've many a time seen her haddin her
heed atween her hands. Cum. Clwose atween my thoomb and
finger, Relph Misc. Poems (1743') 23 ; The water it rins merrilie,
The grassy banks atween. Burn Poems (1885) 240; Cum.^ A big
beuk 'at Wiff niver so much as leukt atween t'backs on, 31. A
gay lang nwose 'at wasn't set varra fair atween t'e'en on him. i.
Wra. Atween tahan en t'udder. Jack Robison Aald Tales (18821
3 ; Wm,i Yks. Ah cann't think theer's onny mair than likin'
atweens [sic} yon lass an' George, Macquoid D. Barngh (1877)
xxv; There need be no difference atween us, Blackmore Mary
Aiterley (1879) bk. 11. vii. n.Yks. Ah nivver knew t'rooad atween
t'toon an' our house seea shooat . . . afooar, Tweddell Clei'el.
Rhvmes ( 1875) 64. e.Yks. She put 'er heart atween t'bits o' brass,
Wray NestUton (1876I 250 ; e.Yks.' w.Yks. It runs atween thee
and thy vi'iys, Jabez Oliphant {iB-]o] bk. i. ii ; w.Yks.' Lan. Aw've
manny a toiine bin i' justsich a ' strait atween two,' Banks Manch.
Man ( 1876) xvii. ne.Lan. There's naught ever come atween thee
and me, Mather /dylls(i8g$) 261. Lan.', Chs.', Stf.', Not.' n.Lin.
Common sense enif atwean 'em boath to fill my owd brass thimble.
Peacock Jdales (1889) 9; n.Lin.', Lei.', Nhp.', War.^^, s.War.'
w.Wor. Git her in atween us, S. Beauchamp A^. Hamilton (1875)
I. 282. Shr.' GIo. There have been a continual difference atween
'em ever since, Gissing Fi7/. Hampden {iBgo) II. v ; Where maister
and men doan't quite manage to hit it off atween 'em, Buckman
Darke's Sojourn (1890) 73. Brks. Thers a sight o' odds atween
whoam made troubles and thaay as the Lord sends, Hughes
T. Brown Oxf. (18611 xxxii ; Brks.' Thaay haaved [halved] the
apples atwe-un um. e.An.' Nrf. Little bits 'o bread with little
mites o' maat in atwaan 'em. Spilling Giles's Trip (1872) 10. Suf.
Atwin, very common (F.H.) ; Suf.' Sur.' Anywhere atween the
two Michaelrnases is a good time to get the wheat in. Sus.'
n.Wil. (E.H.G.) Som. "There wadn't much t'choose a'tween us
for that Leith Lemon Verbena (1895) 98.
2. In phr. (i) Atween hands, at intervals, now and
again, in the meantime; (2) — Ugl'ls, the intervening
space between inhabited houses in Sh.I. ; (3) — times,
(4) — whiles, in the interim.
(i) Sc. And mony a sich atween hands! wat the lady gae, Jamie-
son Pop. Ballads (1806) 95. Ayr. Atween hands mak up the
balance-sheet, Galt Entail (1823) xxiii. Nhb. Aye atween hands
raisin' a queer unyirthly cry, Richardson Borderer's Table-bk. { 1846)
VII. 137. (21 S.&Ork.' (3) Frf. I could bide straucht atween times,
BARRiEA//ins^f>\i89i)iv. (4I Gall. I was drunk every Monday nicht,
an' that often atweenwhiles that it fair bate me to tell when ae
spree finished an' the next began, Crockett Bog-Myrtle {i8g^) 410.
Cum.', m.Yks.' w.Yks.^ Brekfast at eight, dinner at twelve, an'
plenty to heit atweenwhiles. n.Lin.' I hev' to be at Gaainsb'r i'
th' mornin', an' at Ketton at neet, bud I shall staay a bit at BIyton
atweanwhiles. Brks.' I never smokes my pipe when I be at work,
but hevs a bit o' baccy zometimes atwe-un whiles.
[Had he not . . . thrown his shield atween, she had him
done to rew, Spenser F.Q. v. xi. 30. A-, on + tween (in
lit. E. be-tiveen).]
ATWEESK, prep. Sc. Also written atweese, 'tweesh,
aqueesh ; acqueesh Burns. [atwI-J.]
1. Between.
Sc. Glowring atweese her and the sky, Beattifs Parings (1801)
25. Abd. And 'tweesh them twa she liv'd a happy life, Ross
Helenore {i']68) 140, ed. 1812; Alangairm was raxt owre atweesh
the shouderso' twa or three, Alexander yo/iiiHy Gibb 1,1871) xviii ;
Atweesh themselves they best can ease'their pain, Shirrefs Poems
(1790') 33. Ayr. The deil-sticket a five gallopers acqueesh Clyde
and Whithorn could cast saut on her tail. Burns Lett, to Mr. IV.
Nicol {June i, 1787).
2. In phr. ativeesh and atween, only indifferently well in
respect of health.
Aba. How are 3'e the day? — Only atweesh and atween (Jam.).
{A-, on + tofcs/i, q.v. See Betweesh. Atweesh is a n.
form of Atwixt.]
ATWINE, adv. Wm. [atwai-n.] Twisted, askew,
awry, zig-zag.
Wra. A road that winds up a hillside is said to be atwine ;
a horse that takes its load from side to side instead of going straight
up a steep hill goes up atwine ; a necktie on one side of its proper
place is all atwine (B.K.) ; Wra.' T'string's gitten au atwine an
ankled. T'stee's au atwine [the ladder is all twisted].
{A-, on -\ twine (to twist).]
ATWIST, adv. Yks. Lin. Brks. Som. [atwi'st.]
1. Twisted, awry, tangled.
e.Yks.' A/5, rtrfrf. (TH.) Brks.' w.Sora.i Thick there bisgy
stick's a put in all atwist [uteos', utwiis"] — id'n no form nor farshin
in un.
2. At cross purposes, at strife.
n.Yks.2 e.Yks.i Jack and me's rayther atwist, MS. add. (T.H.)
n.Lin.' Squire Heala an' him got atwist su'mats aboot Ran Dyke !
A-, on -I- tiiust. vb.]
ATWIXT, prep, and adv. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan, Chs.
Der. Not. Lin. Lei. War. Wor. Shr. Brks. e.An. Sur. Sus.
Wil. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written atwist n.Lin.' ;
atwix Nhb.' [aetwi'kst, n.Lin. stwi'st, w.Som. atwi-ks.j
1. prep. Between.
Yks. We'd a famous scheme atwixt us, Baring-Gould Pemtycqks.
(1870) 144 ed. 1890. n.Yks. Pinned oop atwixt her knees, Munby
Verses (1865) 55 ; n.Yks.'^ e.Yks. The things fullockt aboot bahn
fleear, undher teeable an atwixt thrussle legs, Nicholson Flk-
Sp. (1889) 34 ; e.Yks.' Lan.' He geet atwixt t'wheels ; ne.Lan.',
Chs.' Der. I dunna know the rights o' all that coil atwixt him
and old German, Verney Stone Edge (1868) viii. Not.^ n.Lin.
Atwixt her faace an' pilla'. Peacock Taales (1889^ 86 ; A-tryin' to
strighten things atwixt "em, ib. 15; n.Lin,', Lei.', War.^ w.Wor.
Atwixt the quarry and the church, S. Beauchamp A'. Hamilton
(18751 I. 3. Shr.' The poor chap got jammed atwixt the waggons.
Brks. They be both middling good. There aiiit much odds atwixt
'em, Hughes T. Brown Ox/. (1861) xxxvi ; Brks.' He was caught
atwixt the ge-ut an' the ge-ut-pwo-ast. Suf ', Sur.', Sus.' n.Wil.
A shull loy ael night atwixt my breastes. Kite Sng. Sol. (i860) i. 13.
Som. Atwixt the two forrels of the hymn-book, Raymond Love and
Quiet Life (1894) log. w.Som.' Didn Jimmy Zalter look purty
then, way the darbies on, atwixt two policemen ? Dev. Jist take a
pinch between yer vinger an' thumb there, jist atwixt tha eyes
aw'n, an' gie un a jit upwards, Hewett Peas. Sp. (18921 92.
2. prrp. and adv. In phr, atwi.vl and atween, (i) between,
betwixt ; (2) in an intermediate condition ; (3) shuffling,
full of excuses.
( I ) Sc. Grose (1790^ MS. add. ;C.) Nhb.' He was atwix an
atween the twee. e.An.' A common expression. (2) n.Yks.^ I feel
ATWO
[93]
AUGHT
nobbut atvvixt an atween [only in a middling way, or not very
well]. n.Lin.' Il was noht to speak on, nayther good nor bad, just
atwixt an' atwean. Cor.^ ' Neither the highest nor lowest ; but
atwixt and atween,' says Bucca. (3) n.Lin.' He's alus atwixt and
atween, soa I can't get the reight end o' noht.
[A-twyxyn (atwyxt, Pynson), iii/er, Prompt.; Gret love
was atwixe hem two, Chaucer R. Rose, 854. A-,on +
twixt; see Betwixt. Cp. Atweesh.]
ATWO, adv. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Not. I.in.
Lei. Nhji. War. Won Shr. Oxf. Brks. Ess. Hmp. Wil.
Also written atow N.Cy.'; atwee N.Cy.' Nlib.'; atweea
n.Yks.^ ; atweah Dur.' In two, as in phr. a-livo in the
middle.
Cld. Atwa (Jam.). Nhb. Enough to rive atwee the heart, Wilson
Pittiimis Pay (1843) 24 ; Nhb.' Wey, it com atwo i' me hand. man.
Dur. We cannot git it here, withoot cutt'n'd atwee, Egglestone
Belly Podkiits Lcll. (1877) 14; Dur.' Brak't atweah. Cum. The
parent's heart atwee, Gilpin /Jrtffnrfs (1874) 191. n.Yks.' ne.Lan.',
Not.' n.Lin.' I'm sewer I didn't break missis's cheiiny bowl ; it cname
a'two'e my hand. Lei.' Please,' m, it coma-two. Nhp.' ^, War.^^^
se.Wor.' Shr.' The jug fell a two jest as I wuz 'angin' it up.
Oxf.' If dhee biginst'en- i u dhuuy eg'urivaitin waiz yuur, uuyl kut
dhii klain u too in dhu mid'l [If thee beginst any o' thy eggcrc-
vatin' ways yer, I'll cut tha clane a two in the middle]. Brks.'
Cut the taaytersatwo avoor 'e plaants 'urn. Ess. A short saw and
long saw, to cut a too logs, Tusser Hiisbaiitiiie 1 1580) 36, St. 9.
Hmp.' WU. What be them bellises at? here they be slat atwo,
Aktrman Tales (18531 138.
[Quikliche cam a cacchepol, and craked a-two here
legges, P. Plowman (c.) xxi. 76. OE. on twa, into two
parts]
AU, see Ea.
AU-, see Aw-.
AUCH, see Argh.
AUCHAN, sb. Sc. (Jam.) Also written achan. A
species of pear.
Sc. Red pears, Achans, and Longavil. Reid Sc. Card' iter {1683)
88, s. V. Longueville ; The auchan sometimes receives the epithet
of grey or red ; it is an e,\cellent pear, said to be of Scottish origin,
Neill Hortic. Edtn. Eiicvcl. (1817) No. 113.
AUCHIMUTY, adj. Sc. (Jam.) Also written aughi-
muty. Mean, paltry.
Lth. An auchimuty body.
[Aiicht(aiiglit), property, possession + mootie (niggardly),
q.v. For a!i</i- = a/irltt cp. auclilet.J
AUCHINDORAS, sb. Sc. (Jam.)
Fif. Auchindoras, a large thorn-tree at the end of a house.
AUCHLET, sb. Sc. A measure of meal.
Sc. The auchlet . . . contained two pounds more than the present
stone, Calcdon. Merc. Nov. i, 1819 (Jam.) ; To Four Auchlet of
Ait Meal, 35. 41/., Scott Old Mart. (1829I Introd. Abd. (Jam.) Gall.
Auchlit, two stones' weight, or a peck measure, being half the
Kcb. bushel (lA.). -Wgt. (lA)
\Auchlct, der. of audit, eight, the measure being the
eighth part of a boll. The sutV. -let is prob. for lot, a part ;
cp. firtot. the fourth part of a boll.]
AUCHT, see Aught, Owe.
AUCTION, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf Also written
hoction w.Yks.* ; oction Lan. [o'kjan.] A dirty or
untidy place, room ; a disorderly crowd.
w.Yks. Ah nivver seed sitch a auction i' all mi life as their hahsc
is ; t'furnitur's onnywheear but whear it sud be, Leeds Merc. Siippl.
(June 13, 1891); w.Yks.5 Abart as scarce a material i' this here
hoction as a white crawah, 33. Lan. Ver3' common. It were a
rare owd auction (R.P.) ; Hoo Icet a scroid eawt on her ... an
hoo kept at it till aw wur fain to clear that auction an' get eawt
o' th' heawse, Lahee Trails (1887) 11 ; Theaw gets a bit o' sun i'
this oction sometimes, aw reckon, Brierley Irkdale (1865) 139.
Chs. It's the dirtiest auction I ever put my head in (E. M.G.) ; Chs.'
A dirty auction [a dirty, muddy place]. A rough auction [an unruly
crowd]. s.Chs.' A dirty house might be described as a ' rough
auction' or a ' pratty auction.' There's a pratty pautament o'
rubbitch to be wedden ait i' yander garden ; yo never seid sich a
auction. Stf.* When oi got theer flr vvilr dilin ur spring cicenin
an a foine auction ur'd gotten. Get ait o'th ocshun an' let me dil it
[The dial.mg. refers to the dirt and disorder occasioned
by a public sale or ' auction.']
AUD-, see Old-.
AUDACIOUS, adj. and adv. Not. Lin. Rut. Lei. War.
Hrf e.An. Ken. Sus. Hmp. Wil. Som. Also in the
forms oudacious Not.' Rut.' Lei.' War.' e.An.' Ken.
Sus.'; outdacious Lin. w.Som.' ; owdacious sw.Lin.'
War. e..\n.' limp. Wil. Som. ; outdacious Lin. e.An.';
audacious e.An.' [odejas, oudi'Jas.] See 'Dacious.
1. adj. Impudent, shameless, incorrigible. Of things :
very bad, shocking.
Lin. "Va wouldn't find Charlie's likes— 'e were that outdacious
at oam, Not thaw ya went fur to raake out Hell wi' a small tooth
coamb, Tennyson J 'f//. H'l/e. swLin.' They're such an owdacious
lot. Rut.' Them oudacious boys! War. (J.K.W.) Hrf.' e An.' An
owdacious liar or scoundrel. ne.Ken. (H.M.) Wil. Slow GI.
(1892). Som. Sweetman IVincanlon Gl. (1885). w.Som.' I sim 'tis
the outdaciousest weather we've a-zeed 'is purty while.
2. adv. Used intensively : exceedingly, uncommonly,
very.
Not.' Lei.' Oudacious coold it is, sure-loy ! 'War.' Sus. (F.E.);
Sus.' We doant want the rain too oudacious yeasty [s v. Veasly].
Hmp. I am not owdacious strong i^T.L.O.D.).
AUDIE, see Noddy.
AUDOCITY, see Docity.
AUF, see Awf, Ought.
AUFFOL, see Offal.
AUGER, sb. Yks. Lin. [ogafr).] A thrce-prongcd
instrument with serrated edges and a long shaft for
spearing eels.
e.Yks.', n.Lin.'
[Coiitiis, an algere. Fuscina, a hoke for fysshe, an algcre,
Medulla (in Prompt. 1861. OE. crl, cc\+gar, spear; cp.
Du. aalgeer, an eel-spear ; see De Vries.]
AUGHT, V. Sc. Also written aucht Abd. [axt ]
1. To own, possess.
Sc. I am answerable for her to those that aught her, Scott BIk.
Duaif ,jSi6) ix; It drives the poor man mad that aught it, 16.
Redg. (1824I i ; He that aughts the cow gaes nearest her tail,
Henderson Prov. U8321 49. Abd. (,Jam.)
2. To owe, to be indebted to.
Sc. We aught him the siller, and will pay him wi' our con-
venience, Scott Nigel (1822I v. Abd. Fat was auchtin you for fat
ye laid cot, Alexander yo//»/ii_y Gtbb > 1871 1 xlv.
[2. We remember quhat aythe we have maid to our
comoun-welthe, and how the dcwtie we aucht to the sam
compellis us to cry out, Knox ///*•/. 164 (Jam.). Formed
fr. aiii;lit, pret. ot awe (to owe), OE. H/ile, pret. o(agan. See
Owe.]
AUGHT, pp. Sc. Yks. Written aucht Sc. ; owght
n.Yks.' Possessed of
Sc. Quheae's auwcht that doag ? Quhcae was auwcht the syllcr
'at ye land ? Quheac'll bey auwcht them a hunder ycirsefter thys,
Murray /)/(?/. (1873) '93 Abd. Faa's aicht that. lA. 103. Ayr.
Whase aught thae chiels maks a' this bustle here ? Burns Pivlogiie
(1790). Lnk. ' Will 3'c daur to tlirecp a lee doon my very throat?'
says I. ' Wha's aucht that ? ' Eraser fKA(j»/is (i8o.i) xiii. cLth.
The haill question cam to be Wha's aucht the siller? Hu.nter
J. fnwick (1895) '^3- Gall. Let me see wha's aucht the sheet,
Crockett Moss Hags (1895I x. ii.Yks.' Wheea's owght thae
beeas ? Wheea's owght yon cauf?
[This is a late constr., and a new gram, use of aught.
Aught as a pret. is common. Sec Awe, Owe. It can
only be used with the interrogative and relative, and some
indefinite pronouns.]
AUGHT, s/>.' Sc. Irel. Also written aucht Jam. ;
acht S. & Ork.' ; aght Irel. [axt.]
1. Property, possession.
Sc. The old Lord was the surest gear in their aught, Scorr Q.
Duiwat'd 1823') vii ; The auld dog maun die in somebody's aught,
Ramsay Pmv. (1737) ; Better saught wi' little aught than care wi'
mony cows, Henderson Pix>v. (1832I 49 ; The Kelpy's putlen't by
bein' mistaen whose aught she's inlil, Roy Horseman (1895)
I haif na a bawbee in aw my aucht Jam.''. S. tc Ork.' Abd.
The best fairm i' the leird s aucht, Alexander Jo/itiny Gibb^iST)
X. Ayr. A new lack of the warst land in the town's aught, Galt
Provost (1822) vii.
2. Applied to persons, often contemptuously.
Sc. Bad aught, applied to an obstinate ill-conditioned child f Jam \
Abd. Ayaimtie. gin ye kent the bonny aught! 'Tis true, she had of
AUGHT
[94]
AULD
warld's gear a fraught, Ross Helenore (1768) 36, ed. 1812. Ant.
You're a dirt_vaght. Begone, you aght you, Ballvmetm Obs. (1892!.
[Bitwene his childre he delt his aujt, Cursor M. (c. 1300)
3395 '• ^^ hauen . . . gold and siluer, and michel auchte,
Havelok (c. 1280) 1223. Cp. OE. agan, to own, possess.]
AUGHT, sb? Sc. Sus. [axt, 9!.] Duty, place,
office.
Ayr. It's far frae mj* aught to say, but I hae a notion they're no
overly pleased about something, Galt Sir Andrew 1,1822) xcviii.
Sus.' I'd no ought to have said what I did [s.v. Unaccountable].
[A sbl. use of ottght (pret. of owe). ' My aiight' = 'What
I oiig/it (to do).]
AUGHT, pron., sb?, adj. and adv. Sc. Irel. and all the
n. counties to Chs. Stf. Not. Lin. Also in Rut. War. Glo.
Suf. Dor. Som. Dev. Also written audit Abd. ; ought
Nhb. n.Yks.i'^ne.Yks.i w.Yks.*; owt N.Cy.' Nhb.' Cum.^
Wm. n.Yks.' = e.Yks.' w.Yks.^^^ Lan.i e.Lan.' m.Lan.' Chs.'
Stf. Not.' Lin.' sw.Lin.' Rut.' Glo.; owte Cum. Lan. ;
owght n.Yks.' ; out n.Cy. Wm. w.Yks.' ; oat Not. Lin.' ;
oht n.Lin.'; ort War. Dor. w.Som.' nw.Dev.' ; owse
Nhb.' [ot, out.]
1. pron. Anything ; any conceivable quantity ; any-
thing of worth or value ; in phr. or aught it is sometimes
redundant.
Abd. Nedder aucht nor ocht [one thing nor another], Alexander
Johnny Gibb{i&-]i)\\. Wxf.'Geeth hea [doth he get] aught? n.Cy.
A man may spend and a man may lend And always have a friend If
his wife be aught, Z*ir»//a/» r^rtr/^, ed. 1895 II. 37; N.Cy.' Nhb.Wi"
hearts, poor things, it now was clear, Owerfull by far owse [owt, ed.
1843] much tosay.WiLSO.N Pitman's Pdyi, 1829: pt iii. st. 62; Hae
ye seen owt o' him 'it mawsowlluvesi RobsonS^^. Sx)l. ( 1859 (iii. 3;
Nhb.' If ye de owse mair ye'll spoil'd. They nivveri' thor lives gat
owse better. Cum. If he stop here owts [i.e. owt as is] lang he'll
mak tudderfellas as bad as his-sel, Sargisson /or Sfo«/i 1 i88r 1 211.
Wm.Theears fourteen barns i' t'hoose. mareorless,if owti E.W.P.).
n.Yks. ' He's up tiv owght. Mair by ought. n.Yks.^ He's either
ought or nought [he follows no particular calling or profession].
It's owther ought or nought [it's a mere trifle]. ne.Yks.' A'e ya
seed owt of oor Dick ? e.Yks.', m.Yks.' w.Yks. Folk ses owt
when ther i' drink. Howson Cur. Craven (1850I 116 ; Owt i' t'pot
line, think ye ? ( F.P.T.) ; w.Yks.' How isto ? - Deftly as out . w.Yks. = ;
w.Yks.^ Afore owt's so long [before long] ; w.Yks. ^ Some fowks
al saay owt bud ther prayers, an' them they whistle, 108. Lan.
To mitch of owt's good for nowt, TiM Bobbin View Dial. (1746)
8, ed. 1806 ; Hadna aw bin kirsened Simon, aw moight ha' bin
a cobbler, or a whitster, or a wayver, or owt else. Banks Manch.
Man (1876) iii ; Ah ne'er see nocht like it ! this gerse is as toch
as ocht! (F.P.T.) ; Lan.' A laconic morning colloquy in the Oldham
district is : Mornin' [good morning]. — Mornin' [the reply]. Owt? [is
there anything new?] — Nowt [not anj'lhing]. Mornin' [the fare-
well].—Mornin' [the reply]. e.Lan.', ni.Lan.' Clis.' Han you
getten owt ? Stf. Owt to better mysen, Saunders Diamonds
(1888) 29. s.Not. Not as it's oat to me, but a thrupenny tram
fare, Prior Renie (1895) 250. Not.' Lin. Woa then, wiltha ?
dangtha ! — the bees is as fell as owt, Tennyson N. Farmer.
New Style I 1870) st. 10 ; Lin.' n.Lin.' When ther's oht, it maks
noht, an' when it maks oht, ther's noht [when thefe are good
crops, prices are low, and when prices are high thefe is nothing
to sell]. Thoo'd better do oht then noht. sw.Lin.' They let him
down [into his grave] as nice as owt. I'll stick to it, whether I've
owt to yeat or nowt. Rut.' I don't owe owt. 'War. (J.R.W.)
Glo. I'll jist step down thur a bit an' see if 1 can yere owt, Buck-
man Darke's Sojonni 1 1890) x. w.Dor. Roberts Hist. Lyme Regis
1,18341. Som. [Occurs] w. of the Parret, Jennings OAs. Dial.w.Eng.
( 1825). w.Som.' Nif I'd a-got a bit o' cord or ort, vor to tie un up
way, he'd lee-ast 'ome [last until we reach home]. Tid'n's ofl'
anybody was a forced to go, or ort, when they 'ad'n a-got no money
or ort. n.Dev. Nif tha beest a zend to vield wi tha drenking or ort,
E.rm. Scold. (1746) 1. 197 ; And zo tha merst by ort es know, ib.
1. 10. nw.Dev.'
2. Everything.
Chs.' It caps [exceeds] cfwt. Lin. ' That caps owt,' says Sally,
an' saw she begins to cry, Tennyson N. Cobbler.
3. sb.^ Of aught, of importance or consequence (Jam.).
Ayr. A quiet succession of small incidents, though they were all
severally of aught somewhere, Ann. Prsh. Dalmailing (1821) 200.
4. adj. An J'.
Suf. I never buy ought such things as you have iC. G. B."] ;
Obsol. J.il.)
5. adv. At all, 'anything like,' in any degree, to any
extent ; also in phr. (i) aught bit like, in a tolerable state ;
(2) aught-like, anything approaching to suitability or fit-
ness, satisfactory, favourable ; cf nought-like.
Cum.^ He ola's speaks that way when we're owte sa thrang
[busy], I. n.Yks. Diz t'almanac tell t'weather owl reet ? (l.W.) ;
n.Yks.' If my knife prove ought sharp. Lan. One young lady uts
owt like }'o', Brierley Layrock (,1864") viii : Two leadd o' meeal
wos nin ooer lile for owte like a spot. R. Piketah Forness Flk.
(1870) 30. (i) w.Yks. .^n' just to keep it owt bit like He tew'd
aboon a bit. Hartley Clock Aim. (1871) 43. (2) Cum.' Ought-
like. n.Yks. (l.W.) ; n.Yks.^ Is she ought-like or nought-like?
[pretty or otherwise]. I'll come if t'weather be ought-like.
ne.Yks.' All's nobbut badly yit, but ah'll gan if ah be owt leyke.
e.Yks.' Owt-like, gen. used of the health, or weather. w.Yks. ^^ Do
j'ou mean to sell that house? — Ah, mun, if t'price is owt like.
Lan.' Is it owt-like of a job ? — Aye, it'll pay well enoof. e.Lan.'
Hence Aughtlins, adv. Usually written oughtlins,
see below. In any degree, in the least degree. Also used
as sb.
Ayr. The hizzies, if they're aughtlins fawsont, Burns Address of
Beelzebub ( 17901 ; If he was grown oughtlins douser, ib. iii. Globe
ed. Lnk. But gin ye be nae warlock, how d'ye ken ? Does Tarn the
Rhymer spae oughtlings of this ? Ramsay Poems (1727) I. 53, ed.
1800 ; Had I been thovvless, vext, or oughtlins sour. He wad
have made me blvth in half an hour, ib. II. 6 i Jam.).
AUGHT, sb.^ In gen. dial. use. [qt, out.] A cipher
in arithmetic.
n.Lin.' A man doing an addition sum said, ' Ort an' ort's ort, an'
that's noht.' ne.Wor. In reply to the reproof • You ought not to
do that,' a saucy child sometimes says ' Ought stands for nothing '
(J.W.P.). nw.Dev.' Aughts and crosses.
[The same word as naught (nought), with loss of «-; cp.
adder, orange, ouche.]
AUGHT, see Owe.
AUGHTIKIN, sb. Obs. Sc. (Jam.) Also written
auchtigen. The eighth part of a barrel, or the half-firkin.
Abd.
[Aucht, eight -f?-f-^;;«. For the suft". -kin in names of
measures cp. firkin, kilderkin.^
AUGHTS, pron. in pi. Cum. Wm. [outs.] Anything,
a considerable quantity, with of.
Cum. If you're owts of a droll, Gilpin Ballads (1866) 532;
Cum.' Is't owts of a good an ? [a pretty good one]. This word is
commonly used as an interrogatory.- Hes ta gitten owts o' fish
to-day ? — Nay, nowt 'at is owt [not many] ; Aughts o' clash en
reeane [showers and rain] ^W.H.H.). Wm.' Aughts o' brass.
AUGHTS, see Orts.
AUGUST-BUG, sb. Ken. [c-gast-bBg.] A beetle
somewhat smaller than the May-bug, or the July-bug or
cockchafer.
Ken. The term is used but very loosely, and I think no two
persons would agree upon a definition (P.M.); A large black
beetle appearing in August (D.W.L.) ; Ken.'
AUK, sb. Or.I. The common Guillemot, Lomvia iroile.
Or.I. SwAiNsoN Birds ( 1885) 218. S. & Ork.'
[ON. alka, the auk (Alca impennis).\
AUL, see Arl.
AUL-, see Old-.
AULAVEER, adv. Wxf Altogether.
AULD, adj. Sc. e.Cy.
1. Eldest.
Sc. {} AM. Sup/>1.) Abd. Very rarelj' used (G.W.). Per. In these
parts an oldest son, daughter, brother, or sister is usually spoken
of as my auld son, daughter, brother, or sister; the 'auld son'
may be a child {ib.). Ayr. My auld son Charlie's a fine callan,
Galt Entail {182^) xii. Lnk. Auld is commonly used about Glasgow
in this sense (ib.).
2. The first or best, a phr. used in games (Hall.).
e.An. That is the auld bowl. Nrf. Here, where the game of
bowls is much in favour, the term Aul' bowl, or bowl closest to
the 'jack,' is extremely common (H.C.-H.).
3. In phr. Auld duel, see Aidd Thief; aid' day, the day
after a merry-making, when no work is done ; Auld
Hangie, Auld Smith, Auld Thief, jocular names for the
devil ; auld ivife, auld woman, a revolving iron chimney-
pot.
AULD
[95]
AUNCEL
Per. The auld chiel' or the anki ane is a common name for
the devil (G W.\ Bnff.' A met 'im o' the go ; he's haudin' the
aul' day. Ayr. Hear nic, auld Hangie. for a wee, Bl'Rxs Address
to the Dcil 1,1785'). Abd. l"ak' an order o' the auld smith, an
ye like, Alexander yo/uKiy Gibb (1871) 49. Sc. Their faces
were by this time flushed with shame, that they should be
thus cuffed about by the auld thief, as they styled him. Perils
of Men, III. 38 ^Jam.). Auld wife is so called on account of its
likeness to an old woman's head enveloped in a flannel cap.
During high winds old-wives and pig-taps [i. e. tops of chimney-
cans] are apt to be thrown down, and street walking is dangerous.
Hence the severity of a storm, and one's courage in braving it.
came to be represented by the expression, ' raining auld wives and
pig-taps,' which became corrupted into * raining auld-wives and
pikestaffs ' (Jam. Siippl.\ Slk. There goes an auld woman frae the
chumley-tap, Chr. North Nodes (1834) IV. 178, ed. 1B56.
4. Comp. (i) Auld-auntie ; (2) -father ; (3) -headit
(Jam.) ; (4) -mou'd (ib.), sagacious, crafty; (5) -uncle.
(i) Cld. Auld-auntie, the aunt of one's father or mother (Jam.).
Ayr. (,G.W.) (2) w.Sc. Auld-father, grandfather (Jam.). Ayr,
(G.W.) f3l Cld. Auld-headit, shrewd, sagacious ;Jam.). (4) Abd.
She looks ill to ca'. And o'er auld mou'd, I reed, is for us a', Ross
Helenoie (17681 97, ed. 1812. (5) Cld. Auld-uncle, the uncle of
one's father or mother (Jam.). Ayr. (G.W.)
AULD-, see Old-.
AULD GIBBIE, sb. Sc. Morrhua vulgaris, or common
Cod.
Sc. Satchell (1879)8.
[Gibbie, a familiar form of the name Gilbert.]
AULD LANG S"!rNE, /■/;/-. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Also written
aud- N.Cy.' 'Old long ago,' a phrase referring to by-
gone days ; the ' good old times.'
Sc. God be wi' auld lang syne, when our gutchers ate their
trenchers, Ramsay Prov. (1737) ; Johnny Mortheuch might hae
minded auld lang sj^ne, and thought of his old kimmers, .Scott
Bride of Lam. (1819) xxxiv. Per. Wull ye no come wi' me
for auld lang syne? Ian Maclaren ZJ/Vcr dis/j (1895^ 289. Ayr.
We'll tak a cup o' kindness yet, For auld lang syne, Bi;rns Auld
Lniig Syne (1793). Bwk. VVhere in the daj's o' auld lang syne
The wives were witches a', Henderson Po/>. Rhymes 1 1856) 52.
N.Cy.' Aud-lang-syne, a favourite phrase by which old persons
express their recollections of former kindness and juvenile enjoy-
ments in times long since past. Nhb. I dreamed of auld lang syne,
Keelmans Ann. (1869I 5 Cum. Wish for times like auld lang
seyne. Anderson /?rt//rtf/5 iBoSj 144. Wra. & Cum. ^ The gladsome
page of auld lang seyne, 167.
[The phr. means ' the old long since ' ; see Lang syne,
and Syne.]
AULD LICHT, />//)-. used a//r/6. Sc. Said of ministers
and people who are content with the ' Old Liglit,' the old
way of looking at theological questions, orthodox, con-
servative.
Frf. There are few Auld Licht communities in Scotland nowa-
d.iys. Barrie Lic/iK 1888) ii. Ayr. Some auld-light herds [pastors]
in neebor towns. Burns To IVilliam Sim/yson (I785^.
AULD-'WIFE-HUID, sb. Cum. The Monkshood,
A colli III 111 napelliis.
[This name of the plant is der. fr. the manner in which
the flowers grow — 'at the top of the stalkes, of a blewisli
colour, fashioned also like a hood,' Gerarde (ed. 1633)^71.
Hence many other of its various names, such as Pace-
in-hood, Granny s Nightcap, Turk's Cap, Monk's Cowl, Old
Wives' Mii/c/ies.]
AULIN, sb. Or. and Sh.I. e.Sc. Also written allan.
1. The Arctic Gull, Richardson's Skua, Stcrcorariiis
cirpidatiis; also known as Dirty Aulin and Weese Allan.
Sec Oilan Hawk.
Or. & Sh.I. Dirtenallan, Neili. Tour (1706) 201 (Jam. Siiftpl.).
Lth. An Arctic Gull flew near the boat. . . . The boatmen styled it
the dirty Aulin. Pennant Tour in Se.{i6']g) 78 ib.). Or.I. Weese
allan, Swainson Birds 1 1885"! 210. [Korster Swai/oiv (1817) 91.]
2. Conip. Aulin-scouty, Scuti-aulin.
S. & Or.I. There is a fowl . , . called the Scutiallan . . . which
doth live upon the vomit . . . of other fowls. Brand Zetland {i-joi)
109 (Jam.) ; S. & Ork.' Aulin-scouty.
AUM,5Z). Sc. Also written awm BnfT.' [9in.] Aluin ;
in comp. Aum-leather, -paper.
Sc. Aum leatlier, called also white leather (Jam. Sii/t/tl.). Bnff.'
Awm-leather, the same as awm't leather. Awm-paper, paper
soaked in a solution of alum and water, and used as tinder.
[A pron. of alum, OFr. aliiii.]
AUM, V. Sc. Lan. Also written awm Sc. Bnff.' ;
allum Lan.'
1. To dress or prepare skins or paper with alum.
Sc. (Jam.) ; Aum that skin (G.W.). Bnff.' Awm, to soak paper
in a solution of alum and water to make tinder.
Hence Awm't, ppl. adj., see Aum, sb.
Sc. Awm't leather, white leather (Jam. 1 ; Alm'd leither to fasten
ye cover to ye brods. Dickson E/der at Plate (ed. 1892^ 56. Bnff.'
2. Fig. To thrash, beat soundly ; ' tan a person's hide."
Sc. (Jam. Sk/i/"/.) Bnff.' Awm. Abd. Ill aum ycr hide for ye
(G.W. ). Lan.' Well, Joe, what did th' master say to thi for pl.iyin'
truant? — O, he dudn't say varry mich, bod he allum'd me rcct wcel
for it.
Hence Awman, -M. sb. a thrashing, chastisement.
Bnff.'
[The same as aiiiii, sb. Cp. Fr. aliiner (fr. a/iin), to
impregnate with alum : aliiner iine e'toffe, ' la tremper dans
une dissolution d'alun, pour y fixer des couleurs ou pour
la rcndre impermeable' (Hatzfeld).]
AUM, see Haulm.
AUMBLE, see Amble.
AUMER, see Oumer.
AUMERn^, sb. Sc. A stupid, unmethodical person ;
also a mongrel dog.
Sc. That lassie's waur than glaikit, she's an aumerial (J.W. M.).
Slk. Jam.)
AUMLACH, sb. Irel. A small quantity.
Ir. If a person were expecting a ' gawpen ' of meal, and he only
got a small handful, he would say that he got an aumlach R.M.Y. .
N.I.' Aunilnch. a small quantity.
AUMLUCH,ff(i)'. and rt(/i'. Irel. Also written aumlach.
[p-mlax-]
1. ad/. Awkward, ungainly.
Ir. He is very aumliich ^J.W. fl'.\
2. adv. In an ungainly manner, awkwardly.
Ir. It was done very aumluch ' J.W.ff. ).
AUMOUS, see Almous.
AUMOX, see Hommock(s.
AUMPER, V. 0/«. Dor. To foster.
Dor. A', ('•i' Q. i 1883'! 6th S. vii. 366.
AUMPH, see Ahuh.
AVURY,adj. Yks. [o'mri.] Shady.
w.Yks. lIowsON Cur. Craven 1850) 112.
[.'1 inner (the shade, see Oumerl + -y.]
AUMR"y, see Ambry.
AUN, see Awn.
AUNCEL, 56. Irel. Yks. Also Som. Cor. Also written
ancell Cor.^ ; ounsells w.Yks.* ; ounsel Irel. ; andsell,
handsale w.Som.' [o'nsl, a'nsl, ae'nsl.]
1. The weighing balance called the steelyard.
Tip. An ounsel would be a most essential requisite to this house.
Prof, of Clonmcl Union in N. & Q. 1856; 2nd S. i. 377. w.Vks.
An auncel consists of a long straight bar of steel with a sliding
weight and a scale of weights engraved on the bar (S.O.A.) ;
w.Yks.2 w.Cor. (M.A.C). Cor.«
2. By pop. association with ' hand,' by handsale weight.
w.Som.' Any article purchased by poising it in the hand without
actual weighing [is said to be sold by] handsale weight. How
much a pound d'e gee vor they ? — I can't tell nezackly ; I bought
em out-an-out by an'sl wauyt.
[The pound that hue paiede hem by, peysed a quarter
More than myn auncel, whcnnc ich weied treuthe, P. Plozv-
man (c.) vii. 224. — Awncrll ivcight, as I have beene
informed is a kind of weight with scoies hanging, or
hookes fastened at each end of a staffe, which a man
lifteth up upon his forefinger, or hand, and so disccrncth
the equality or difference bctwccnc tlie weight and the
thing weighed. ... It was forbidden anno 25 Edw. 3 . . .
yet a man of good credit once certified mee, that it is still
used in Leaden Hall at London among butchers, &.c. . . .
It may probably be thought to bee called aiunsell weight,
quasi hand .tale iveight because it was and is performed
by the hand as the other is by the beame, Cowei.l Interp.
This explanation of the word, suggested by Cowcll in
AUNCETER
[96]
AUNTERS
1607, appears in Coles (1677) and Bailey (1721). But
the word is of French origin : AFr. annselle, auncelle, prob.
for laitnci'Ue (the /- being taken for the def art.), MLat.
lamella; cp. It. lamella, a kind of measure (Florio).]
AUNCETER, sb., usually in pi. Yks. Lan. Der. Also
in the forms auncetre w.Yks.^* ; anciter Lan. ; onsetter
Lan. e.Lan.' Der.^ [a"nset3(r), o'nset3(r).] An an-
cestor.
w.Yks.^* Lan. I'd fain ha' yo belov'd, Sur, in yoar turn As aw
yoar anciters before ye wurn, Byrom Poems (1773) I. 118, ed.
1814; An' 50 did their on-setters afore 'em,WAUGH Biilhpl. Tim
Bobbin (1858) v ; Lan.'. e.Lan.', Der.^
[Aunters ... of aunsetris nobill, Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 5 ;
So schaltow gete god los ... as han al fiin aunceteres,
VVm. of Pal. (c. 1340) 5133. OFr. ancestre, Lat. a)ile-
cessor ]
AUND, pp. Cum. Yks. Lan. Also written awned
n.Yks.'; owned Cum. [pnd.] Fated, destined, ordained
N.Cy.'^ Cum. It's own'd, it seems to be, And weel I waite
what's own'd yen cannot flee, Relph Misc. Poems (1747) 97 '< Yon
fause man — he's aund to rue, Powley Echoes (1875) 144. Yks. I
am awn'd to ill luck ( K. 1. n.Yks.' ; n.Yk-:.^ At our house we are
aund, I think, to ill luck. m.Yks.' w.Yks. HurroN Tour to Cai'es
(1781); w.Yks.' I's aund oot. ne.Lan.'
2. Forewarned.
n.Yks.'^ If I had been aund.
[Aud (prob. error for 'aund') ordained, Bailey (1721).
A pp. of a vb. which repr. ON. audiin, to be ordained
by fate ; cp. au^r, fate, destiny. Norw. dial, amien,
ordained, determined (Aasen).]
AUNDER, see Undern.
AUNE, sb. ? Obs. Written awln. A French measure
of length.
Ken.i The awln is S ft. 7 in. ; and is used in measuring nets.
[Not known to our correspondents.]
[Fr. aitiie. Atiliie, an ell, the measure so called ; the
measure varied in diflerent parts of France from two
foot and a half at Dijon to four foot and (very near)
a half at Bourdeaux, Cotgr.]
AUNT, sb. Lin. Also in Glo. Ken. Som. Dev. Cor.
Also written aint, an' Cor.' ; ount Dev. ; naunt w.Som.' ;
un Cor.'^ [ant, ont, ant.]
1. A term of familiarity or respect applied to elderly
women, not necessarily implying relationship.
Ken, Now. Sal, ye see, had bin ta school — She went to old
aunt Kite, Masters Dick and Sal [q. 1821) st. 56. w.Som.' Poor old
aunt Jenny Baker's a tookt bad ; they zess her ont never get up
no more. Well ! just eens I was comin' along, who should ees
meet but th' old Naunt Betty, so I zaid, s'l, ' Well, naunt, and
how d'ye sim you be 1 ' n.Dev. Vor than Ount Annis Moreman
coul'd ha blessed vore, E.xui. Scold. {1746) I. 25. Cor, It is com-
mon to call all elderly persons Aunt or Uncle, prefixed to their names,
Gent. Mag. (1793) 1083; They were wont, on the Tamar side, to
call the Mother of God, in their loyal language, ' Modryb Marya,'
or 'Aunt Mary!' Baring-Gould Vicar (1876) vii ; Cor.' Too
fine, like An Betty Toddy's gown ; Cor.'' Aunt or Un are often
used instead of Mrs. , in speaking of an aged Cornishwoman :
Cor.^ In Redruth district Un is always followed by the Christian
name, as Un Betsy, Un Jenny.
2. A grandmother; also allrib. in phr. aunt grandmotlier.
Glo. One person will taunt another by telling him to go and
complain to his aunt grandmother. If you do that again I shall
whip you. — Then I will tell mother. — Which mother? your aunt
grandmother? (S.S.B ) ; Glo.^
3. A bawd ; (rarely) a prostitute.
n.Lin.'
[3. Shaks. uses this word for a loose woman ; cp. Wint.
T. IV. iii. II.]
AUNTER, sb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Also written
antern.Cy.'Cum. ; awnter n.Yks.' ; enter w.Yks.^ Gen.
used in pi. [a ntafr), o nt3(r), 9 ntajr).]
1. An adventure, misadventure ; a story of adventure, an
unlikely story.
N.Cy.i Cum. That was nobbut an oald wife saunter \sic^ .
Sargisson Joe Sioap (i88rl aor. Cum. & Wm. Auld wife's anters
(M.P.). Wm. Granfadthrc's tccals aboot em wer nobbet aald
wife santres [.w], Ci arke Spec. Dial. (1B85) pt. iii. 31. n.Yks.*
w.Yks.' He's ollas tellin some girt aunter. ne Lan,'
Hence Auntersome, bold, daring, adventurous.
n.Yks.' ; n-Yks.^ Dinnot be ower auntersome. ne.Yks.' Now
superseded by ' venturesome.' w.Yks.*
2. A Strange or unusual deed ; anything unusual or out
of the way.
n.Cy. Auters [misprint for anters], strange work, Grose (1790).
n.Yks. Thou macks sike anters thou'l mistetch my cow, Meriton
Praise Ale (1697) I. 14; n Yks.^ Flowtersome aunters, high-flown
deeds or notions.
3. A pretence, needless scruple, excuse, hesitation.
n.Cy. Aunters, doubts and uncertain resolutions (K.) ; He made
aunters about it, Grose (1790) MS. add. {?.) ; N.Cy.' ; N.Cy.2 He
is troubled with aunters. Yks. Many onters, Thoresby Lett.
(1703). n.Yks.2,m.Yks.i, w.Yks.2
[1. In the tyme of Arther thys antur be-tydde, Anturs
of Arther (c. 1420) I. i ; Fel auntour that this enfermer
was sek, Metr. Horn. (c. 1325) 192. 2. In a cuntre was
cald Colchos by name, Was an aunter ... a wonderfull
wethur, Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 153. AFr. aventiire, Lat.
adveiitnra.^
AUNTER, V. Sc. Written anter. [a-ntar.]
1. To venture, to chance.
Sc. Grose (1790) MS. add (C.) Abd. Bat be guid luck we
anter'd browhes upo' the rod, Forbes y)-*!. (1742)16; Howanter'd
ye a fieldward sae your lane, Ross Helenore (1768) 160; But
though it should anter the weather to bide, ib. 284.
2. To walk, to saunter.
Sc. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.)
[1. And bid him enter into England and awnter him
selven. The Scottish Field {q. 1600), Chetham Soc. (1856)
xxxvii. ME. pen auntred Ulexes and his erund said,
Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 4985; And after auntrede god hym-
self and tok Adam's kynde, P. Plowiitait (c.) xxi. 232.
OFr. aventiirer, to adventure.]
AUNTERCAST, sb. Obs. ? Sc. Written anter-. A
misfortune.
Sc. Grose (1790") MS. add. (C.) Abd. Never min'. Nor at sic
woeful antercasts repine. Ross Helenore (1768) 107, ed. 1812.
AUNTERIN, vbl. sb. and ppl. adj. Sc. n.Cy. Also
written antrin Bnff.' [a'ntrin.]
1. vbl. sb. An occasional one. One here and there.
Bntr.i Antrins are staivrin' aboot through the girs.
2. ppl. adj. Occasional, rare.
Sc. Thou kens I'm but an antrin chiel, Allan Lilts {iSq 4) 116;
* Ane antrin anc,' one of a kind met with singly and occasionally,
or seldom (Jam.). Sh.I. Aa ye finn in antrin neuks, Burgess Ras-
mie (1892) 83. Abd. Yet thir, alas ! are antrin folk That lade their
scape ^vi' winter stock. Fekgusson Pofi/zs (1785) II 31; She never
takes Glendronack [whisky] 'Cep'at anantren time , Good-u'tfeiiBb"])
St. 10. Fif. Except at antern times I haena kenned him going to
the kirk, Robertson Proi'os/ ( 1894) 160. Lth. For small parcels,
and to occasional or anterin' customers, James was a ready-money
man, Strathesk More Bits{ed 18851 66. e.Lth. But that was but
an auntern ane here an' there, Hunter j. Inivick ( 1895) 23. Rxb.
An' Phoebus gies an anterin glowr O' doubtfu' light, A. Scott
Poems (ed. 1808) 223.
3. Different.
n.Cy. Antrin, Border Gl. {Coll. L.L.B.)
[Deriv. of anter. ME. aitntren, to come by chance, to
happen, befall. There auntred hom oft onsware to hauc,
Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 2862. See Aunter, v.\
AUNTERIN, see Undern.
AUNTERS, adv. and conj. Usually in pi. Nhb. Cum.
Wni. Yks. Also written anthers n.Yks.' ne.Yks.'
m.Yks ' ; anter Nhb ' ; anters N.Cy.' Nhb.' Cum. Wm.'
n.Yks.^ w.Yks.' ; antres Wm. w.Yks.
1. adv. Perhaps.
n.Cy. Awnters, G rose ( 1 790). Cum. Or anters in yon mouldering
heap, Stagg Misc. Poems [ 1805) 54, ed. 1807.
2. conj. Lest, in case that.
N.Cy.'. Nhb.' Wm. Antres a git a job, Clarke Spec. Dial. (ed. 1868)
Jonny S/ii/paiifs jttnnia; Wm.' Anters he cums. n.Yks.* I weant
be far antlicrs he comes : n.Yks. ^ I'll tak my grecTt cwoat anters it
sud snaw. ne.Yks.' Antliers. In use at East Ocklam a few years
ago. e.Yks. Marshall /\»c. ffOH (1788). m.Yks.' w.Yks. We
must have it ready, anters they come |,H.F.S.) ; Gang an' fetch him
antres he tummel (R.H.H.) ; w.Yks.' I mun endays, anters neet
be omme.
AUNT HANNAH
[97l
AVAST
[Aunters, peradventure, Coles (1677). ME. For oon
the beste knj-ghtes art thou That in thys londe js levyd
now Awnturs ferre or iiere, Syr E^litiiiore (c. 1450) 213.
Aiiitlcr, adventure + -5, advb. suft.J
AUNT HANNAH, sb. e.An. Arabis alpina, or white
arabis.
e.An.'
AUNTIELOOMIE, sb. Lin. [antilu-mi.] A children's
game.
Lin. The children join hands, and dance in a circle, with a front
step, a back step, and a side step, round an invisible Maypult^,
singing, ' Can you dance the Auntieloomie ? Yes, I can ; yes,
I can.' Then follows kissing. Gomme Games (1894) 9.
AUNT MARY'S TREE, plir. Cor. The holly, con-
nected in folk-lore with the Virgin Mary.
Cor. Now, the holly, with her drops of blood, for me : For that
is our dear Aunt Mary's tree ! Baking-Gould Vicar (1876J vii ;
Siieiia 0<issi/> viSSO 267.
AUNTY, sh. Sc. Lan.
1. A term of familiarity, see Aunt, 1.
Lan. Come, fyc, Naunty Grace, come, lye, an' ha' done! Yo'ast
ha' th' mare or money, whether yo' won, Harland Ballads
(1865') 122. [Amer. Bartlett.]
2. Cf. aunt, 3.
Sc. Aunty, a vulgar name for a loose woman, one who keeps a
brothel Jam. Suf>pl.\
3. A name for the ' bottle ' ; a debauch.
Sc. But makin' ower free wi' our aunty Is sure to bring trouble
the morn ; For aunty's a dangerous kimmer, JV/iislUBintii! {1853)
11.237 Jam. Sw/"/"/. \
AUNTY, iii/J. Chs. Lei. Nhp. Won Shr. Also written
anti- Clis.'^ |anti, o'nti.]
1. Of persons : ready, bold, venturesome, high-spirited.
See Hanty.
Lei.' Shr.' "E's a aunty little chap is ourTum, theer inna much
as 'e 60nna-d-"ave a try fur.
2. Of horses : frisky, restive.
Lei.',Nhp.2, ne.Wor. iJ.W.P.)
Hence Aunty-paunty, -praunty, atfj. (1) Of persons:
proud, high-spirited. (2) Of horses: restive.
(li Shr.' 'E's a aunty-praunty fellow, is young John, 'E Oonna
bar to be put upon. \_2j Chs.'^ s.Chs.' This hoss is too aunty-
paunty.
AUNUT, see Earth-nut.
AUP'WAY, see Opeway.
AUR, see Arr.
AURNIT, see Earth-nut.
AURRUST, see Harvest.
AUSE, see Oss, v.
AUSKERRIE, sb. Sh.L A scoop for baling out a boat.
Sh.I. 1 K.Il ; (Jam.) S. & Ork.'
[Norw. dial, atiskjcr (Dan. ^sekar). ON. aus-ker, for
aust-ker, attslrs-ker, a scoop, pump-bucket. Atislr. the
act of drawing water in buckets (der. of ansa, to pump,
esp. a sliipl +ker, a tub, vessel ; cp. Goth, kas.^
AUSNEY, see Halseny.
AUST, see Oss.
AUSTERN, adj. ? Obs. Sc. (Jam.) Also written
asterne, astren.
1. Austere.
Rxb. Whow, but he's an austern-Iooking fallow.
2. Having a frightful or ghastly appearance.
SIk. Astren is often applied to the look of a dying person.
[The form with -n is found in the 14th cent. 1 dredde
thee, for thou art an austerne (a sternc, 1388) man . . .
I am an hausterne man, Wvclif (1382) Luke xix. 21.
This passage seems to show that the form isdueto assoc.
with steni.'\
AUSTROUS, rt(^'. ■>. Obs. Sc. (Jam.) Frightful, ghastly.
Cld. And a dowie sheen frae his austrous cen Gae licht to the
dismal wane, Blackw. Mag. (.May, 1820) Marniaidm of Clyde.
[A corr. form, made up of atistr- {it. austere) +-otis, as
in disastrous.']
AUSTRY RODS, sb. ? Obs. Ken. Osier rods used
to bind billet wood for the London market.
Ken. Rep. Agric. Stir. (1793-1813').
[The word austr}- seems to be the same as ostry found
VOL. 1.
in Greene's works. Think, mistress, what a thing love
is : why it is like an ostry-faggot, that once set on fire, is
as hardly quenched as the bird crocodile driven out of
her nest, Greene Looking Glass (1594) (Dav.) ; Your
*small pots and your ostrie-faggots, Greene Quip for Up-
start Courtier {Hart. Misc. V. 413); Ostrey- faggots and
faire chambring. Defence of Coneycatching (1592), ed.
Hallivvell (1859) 19. I'rob. acomp. o{ osier (ouster, e.An.*)
+ tree.]
AUTER, see Aunter, Halter.
AUTHOR, sb. Sc. Clo. The person on whose au-
thority a statement is made, an informant.
Abd. Jam.1 Per. Ill gic you my author. My author for saying
so is A. B. (G.W.) GIo.' Mr. C. is my author.
[I tell you what mine authors say, Shaks. Per. i.
Prol. 20; Myn auctor shal I folwen, if I conne,
Chaucer TV. &^ Cr. 11. 49. So in Fr. : Ciler so>i auleur, en
parlnnt de celui de qui on tient une nouvetle, Hatzfeld.]
AUTLANDS, see Outlands.
AUTORITY, s6. Obs. w.Yks. Authority.
w.Yks.' Naabody Ihcear hed onny autority, ii. 320.
[Health honoure worshepe frendes and autorite. Tin-
dale Obedience (1528), in Spec. E. L. XVL 253. OFr.
auctoritc (mod. autorite), authority.]
AUVE, see Hawve, Helve.
AUVEN, see Hoven.
AUVER, see Hover, Over.
AUVISH, see Awfish.
AU"WIS-BORE, see Awf.
AUX, see Hocks, v.
AUX-BIT, sb. ? Obs. Sc. (Jam.)
Ayr. Aux-bit, a nick, in the form of the letter V, cut out of the
hinder part of a sheep's ear; cf. Back-bit, Lug-mark.
AV-, see Af-.
A'VA, adv. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Also written eva' Nhb.
[ava-.] At all.
Sc. The ill ne'er plantit ava, WaddellPs. (1891') i. head; Uinna
sweer ava. Henderson St. Mali. (1862 v. 34. Frf. She'll hear it
first frae his ain lips if she hears it ava. Barrie Minister (1891) xl j
'I dinna hand wi' that ava,' he said, ib. Thninis 11895 v. Per.
She was na feared ava, Ian Maclaren Brier Bitsli {i8gs ) '26. Fif.
I've nae doubt ava, Robertson Provost {i8g.\) 21. Ayr. I've aften
wonder'd . . . What way poor bodies liv'd ava. Burns Twa Dogs
(i786\ Lnk. There'll sune be nae Iccvin' for canny dacent bodies
ava. Eraser H'hatips 11895)!. e.Lth. Nae dou't a frail stoup's
better nor nane ava. Hunter J. liiivick (,1895"! 64. Edb. When
the}' arena able to prove that ever there was a bairn ava. Scott
Midlothian (i8i8^ iv. Bwk. Folk arc no ava as they were lang-
sj-ne. Henderson Pop. Rhymes 1 1856^ 83. Slk. Scarcely seen,
no heard ava, Chr. North A'or/«(cd. 1856 IV. 220. Gall. There's
no a Dutchman i' the pack That's ony guid ava, man ! Crockett
Raiders 1^18941 vi. N.I.' A dinna ken ava. A'll hac nane o' that
ava. Nhb. An' dread that they've come by their death. Ere they
kent thirsells stricken ava' ! Neive. Fishers' Garl. (1844^ 168 ; I could
seenaethingasa, Richardson Borderers Talite hk. (1846WII. 137 ;
Ne doubt eva' they'll tak their corning ! Graham Moorland Vial.
(1826).
[Ava repr. of all.']
AVA, see Awa.
AVAIL OF, t). Irel. Amer. favel.] To take advantage
of. Used without the reflexive pron.
Ir. He availed of the opportunity i^P.J.M.'i ; Used freely in all
newspapers(G.M.H.) ; (J.S.) [Amer. An offer was made but not
availed of. Bartlett.]
[But how ot this can she avail ? Shaks. M.for Meas. iii.
i- 243-]
AVAL, see Awald.
AVAL-CROOK, see Ewilcruik.
AVANG, sli. Dev. Also written eavang nw.Dcv.'
[avaai].] A leather strap on a saddle to which the girth
IS attached.
Dev. A strap, or stay to which the girt is buckled; a whang;
the iron strap under the lap of the saddle to which the stirrup-
leather is fastened, Wright. nw.Dev.'
AVAST, /^/ir. Yks. Lan. Naut. [ava'st] Stop! stay!
hold!
n.Yks.2 Avast hauling ! Lan. Come, come ; avast with that stor)-,
O
AVEEL
[98]
AVERN
Gaskell M. Barton (1848) xxviii. Colloq. The Captain muttered
a feeble ' awast ! ' Dickens Doinbcy (1848) 1.
[Avast, hold, stop, it is enough, Ash (1795) ; Avast,
brother, avast! sheer off! Smollett R. Random (1748)
Ixiv (ed. 1800, I. 438).
AVEEL, see Afield.
AVE GRACE, sb. ? Obs. Sus. Ruta graveokns, or
common rue. Also called Herb Grace, q.v.
[In allusion doubtless to the angelic salutation to the
Virgin, Ave gratia plena (Vulg. Luke i. 28).]
AVEL, sb. and v. Glo. e.An. Also written havel
e.An.'^ ; avil Suf. [e'vl.]
1. sb. The beard or awns of barley or bearded wheat.
Glo.l e.An. Morton Cydo. Agric. {i&62;\; e.An.^^, Nrf." Suf.
Rainbird Agric. (^1819) 287, ed. 1849 ; Suf.'
2. V. To take the awns off barley or bearded wheat.
Suf (F.H.)
Hence (i) Aveller, sb. a machine for dressing barley ;
(2) Aval- or Havelling-machine, sb. a machine for
removing the avals ; (3) Avelly, adj. used of corn when,
after being dressed, the awns stick to the grains.
(I) Glo.i, Suf (F.H.^ (2) Suf. Rainbird Agric. (1819) 287, ed.
1849. (3) e.An.i, Nrf.i
[Prob. repr. an ON. cogn. of OE. egl, the 'ail' or awn
of barley or other corn ; cp. Dan. avn, Sw. agn, OHG.
agana, the ' awn ' of corn.]
AVEL, see Await.
AVELING(S, adv. and adj. Obs. Nhb. Suf. Also
written availing Suf. [e'valinfz.]
1. adv. In an oblong or oval shape. See Avelong.
Nhb.i
2. adj. Out of the perpendicular ; not ' square ' ; as in
comb. Availing work.
Suf. Reapers or mowers approaching the side of a field not
perpendicular or parallel to the line of wall will have an unequal
portion to do, the excess or deficiency of which is called avelling
work, Rainbird Agric. (1849) 287.
[Half a yarde of lyninge clothe cut avelinges, Durham
Wdls (1577) 14, ed. i860 (N.E.D.). Formed fr. avelong,
q.v., with change of suffix to -lmg(es, OE. -ling, as in
bwcling, backwards.]
AVELINS,5A. /i/. Wm. [e-vslinz.] Refuse, the useless
portion of any material ; what is left over or rejected.
Wm.' What a lot o' avelins thoo's left !
[Prob. a der. of avel, q.v. + -ing.]
AVELONG, afl'/. Yks. Lin. e.An. Also written avelang
w.Yks.' ; avellong e.An.^ Nrf ' Suf [evalor|.]
1. Elliptical, oval ; oblong. See Aveiings.
w.Yks.'^ ; w.Yks.5 Aside o' t'Grime-cabin cloise — a aavelong
piece o' grund it is.
2. Oblique, slanting.
n.Lin.'
3. Comb. Avellong work, mowing or reaping lying out
of the perpendicular, as on the sides of a field.
e.An.i, Nrf 1, Suf
[Warpyn, or wex wronge or avelonge, as vesselle,
oblongo, Frompt. ; Oblongits, auelonge, Medulla (in
Prompt. 17). ON. aflangr, oblong.]
AVEN, sb. Shr. [e'van.] A latent promise; that
which contains in itself the element of some special
excellence or usefulness.
Shr. Bound Piov. (1876) ; Shr.' A thriving colt would be a good
aven of a horse ; a stick growing naturally in the form of a scythe-
handle a mighty good aven of a sned. Totherday as I wuz gwein
through Brown's Coppy, I sid a famous aven of a sned ; Shr.^
The aven of a fine cowt.
[ME. efne, euenie, material, stuff, ability; ON. efne,
whence Sw. a:mna, Dan. cvne. Of himself he toke his
euen jiat he of wroght both erth and heuen, Cursor M.
(c. 1300) 335.]
AVENAGE, sb. Obs. Yks.
Yks. Avenage, a certain quantity of oats paid by a tenant to his
landlord as a rent, or in lieu of some other duties, Wkly. Post
(June 9, 1883).
[Avenage, or an homage of oats, Robertson Phraseol.
Gen. (1693) ; Avenage, oats paid to a landlord for some
other duties, Coles (1677) ; OFr. avenage, ' Prestation en
avoine que les paysans fournissaient a leur seigneur,'
Hatzfeld.]
AVENLESS, adj. Wor. Shr. Also written avenless
w.Wor.^ [e'vsnlas, ivanlass.] Awkward ; shiftless,
without any faculty for contriving.
w.Wor.' Let that cow be, yu e'enless thing, you'll be the ruina-
tion of everything. Shr.' 'Er's a poor avenless wench 'er is.
[Aven (ME. eucn{e, ability, natural powers), q.v. + -/fss.]
AVER, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Also written aiver Sc. ;
afar Nhb.' ; haver, hawfer n.Yks.'^ [evar.]
1. Abeastof burden ; a horse, esp. a cart-horse, or worn-
out, worthless animal.
Sc. An inch of a nag is worth a span of an aver, Ramsay Prov.
(1737) ; Wi' ilka aiver lean and scrag, Drummond Muckoniachy
(1846) 9 ; The foreman to their carts and creels did yoke the
aivers a', ib. 10 ; The carles and the cart-avers eat it all, Scott
Pirate (1821) iv; Peghing [breathing heavily] like a miller's
aiver, ib. Bride of Lam. { 1819) xxiv ; Caff and draff is gude aneuch
for aivers. Henderson Prov. (1832I 104, ed. 1881 ; Morton Cyclo.
Agric. (1863). Ayr. Yet aft a ragged cowle's been known to mak
a noble aiver. Burns Dream (1786). N.Cy.' Nhb.' In later
usage, an old or worthless horse. n.Yks.*
2. Fi^. A Stupid person.
Bnff.i
[Aver, a labouring beast, Bailey (1755) ; Aver, among
husbandmen, a labouring-beast, Kersey (1715) ; ' A
false aver,' a sluggish horse or lazy beast, Northumberland,
Kennett Par. Antiq. (1695). AFr. aveir {aver), Fr. avoir,
property, stock, cattle ; cp. It. ave're, havere (Florio).]
AVER, adj. Nhb. Peevish, fretful.
Nhb. On authority of Hall. ; but unknown to our correspondents.
[Prob. a spec, use of aver, sb., q.v. (esp. sense 2).]
AVERAGE, sb. Nhb. Yks. Lin. Also the form
avarish occurs N.Cy.' Nhb.' e.Yks.' [a'varidg, a'varij.]
1. The pasturage of corn-fields after harvest, stubble ; a
stubble-field. Cf. arrish.
n.Cy. (K.) ; Grose (17901 ; N.Cy.'^, Nhb.' e.Yks. Ah sail turn
them pigs into averish (R.S.); Marshall Rur. Econ. (1788);
e.Yks.' w.Yks.' Aut average, seea cowarse an roody, ii. 289.
2. Land that is ' fed ' in common by the parish as soon
as the corn is carried.
n.Lin.'
[Average, in husbandry, pasturage or fodder for cattel.
Kersey (1715) ; In the North they use average for what
in Kent we call the gratten ; in other parts the eddish, .. .
the roughings, the stubble and pasture left in corn-fields
after the harvest is carried, Kennett Par. Antiq. (1695) ;
Average, pasturage, Coles (1677) ; Average, the feeding
or pasturage for cattle, especially the edish or roughings,
WoRLiDGE Syst. Agric. (1669) ; In these monthes after
the cornne bee innede it is meete to putt draught horsses
and oxen into the averish, Arcliaeologia, XIII. 379 (Hall.).
Conn, with arrish, q.v. Prob. the form is due to confusion
with average (Sc. arage), a service done by the tenant with
his ' avers ' (see Aver, sb.).'\
AVERAGE, v. Yks. Also the form averish occurs
e.Yks. To eat the pasturage after harvest.
n.Yks. Still in common use, esp. in the n. Riding (M.C.F.M.).
e.Yks. Not common (R.S.).
[The same as Average, sb.\
AVERILL, see Arval.
_AVERIN, sb. Sc. Also written aiverin (Jam.).
[e'vrin.] Ritbus chamaemorus, or cloud-berry.
Bnff. ' Abd. And spies a spot of averins ere lang, Ross Helenoir
(1768) 25, cd. 1812. Per. Picking up here and there a plant of
the . . . averan, Clunie Statist. Ace. (c. 1795") IX. 237 (Jam.).
[Etym. unknown, but perh. cogn. w. everocks, q.v. (with
dift'. suff), with which cp. Gael, oighreag, a cloud-berry
(Macbain).]
AVERISH, adj. Wm. Greedy, avaricious.
Wm. A child who was eating or drinking greedily would be told
' net ta be sea averish ' (B.K.).
[For ailerons, q.v., with change of suff. (-ish for -ous).^
AVERISH, see Average.
AVERN, adj Nhp. Bdf Also written avan Nhp.
AVEROUS
[99]
AWARRANT
1. Uncouth in person, dress, and manners.
Nbp.i Applied exclusively to the lower order of youthful females.
A slatternly overgrown girl, or a strong, muscular, slovenly scr\'ant
would be called ' a great avern thing.' Bdf. Batchelor filial. Eng.
Lang. (1809).
2. Filthy, squalid.
Nbp. (Hall.)
AVEROUS, adj. Stf. [a'varss.] Avaricious.
n.Stf. Averous is still common among the miners (J. T.). Stf.*
[Nether theucs, nether auerouse men, Wyclif (1388)
I Cor. vi. ID ; Auerous men and chj'nches, that gifes froit,
bot when it is rotyn, Hampolf. Ps. i. 3 (com.). AFr.
averous. Thiebaut . . . mult ont chastels e viles, e mult fu
averous, Wage Rom. de Rose, 4408 (Moisy). OFr. averus,
der. of aveir, possession ; see Aver, sb.]
AVIL, see Awald, sb.
AVIS, adv. Irel. Also written aves N.I.' Perhaps,
may be ; but.
N.I.' Avis a'll gang there on the Sabbath.
AVISE, sb. Sc. Lan. Also written avyse. Advice,
counsel ; opinion.
Sc Grose (1790) MS. acid. (C.) Lan.' I offered him avyse,
and he wodn't hev it.
[Scyeth your avj'S, and holdeth yow apayd, Chaucer
C. T. A. 1868. OFr. avis, opinion, advice.J
AVISE, V. Sus. [avai'z.] To warn, caution ; inform.
Sus. I should avise ye not to goo. I 'ull write and avise 'im of it
(F.W.L.) ; So at lass dey greed atween um on a contraption fer
to avise one anuder uf summut wur loike to maak a pucker,
Jackson Soullmard Ho (1894) I. 338.
[My wand he bad, in thi present, I shuld lay downe,
and the avyse How it shuld turne to oone serpent,
Townetey Myst. (c. 1460) 61 (Matzner). Fr. aviser, to advise,
counsel, warn, tell, inform, do to wit, Cotgr.]
AVISED, ppl. adj} Sc. e.An. Sus. Also written
avized e.An.' Suf ' [avai'zd.] Informed, aware of
Sc. Are you well aviscd of the way? .Scott Nigel ^1822 xxxvi.
e.An.' I am not avized of it. Suf. I a"nt avized of it, Cullum Hiit.
I/mrsled (1813) ; Suf. ' Ar yeow avvized ont? Sus.' I'm well avised
that John spent all his wages at the Baricy-mow.
[Advised, by good intelligence. Of this most dreadful
preparation, Shaks. Hen. V, 11. Prol. 12. ME. avtsed, pp.
o{ avisen. See Avise, 7'.]
AVISED, />/>/. ndj.^ \Vm. Yks. Also written avized
n.Yks.* [avarzd.J Complcxioned ; featured. See
Black-avised.
Wm. Dark-avised, light-avised, Gibson Leg. (1877) 91. n.Yks.*
[Cp. Fr. avise', pp. of aviser, to heed, see, look to, regard
with circumspection, Cotgr. See Avise, v.]
AVOID, adj. Won Ilrf. [avoid.] Empty, void.
s.Wor. This house is avoid (H.K.). Wor. & Hrf. It be shut up
now, sir, ecos you see it's a void (W.B.).
[A- (pref}°) + void. The pref. is prob. due to theanalogy
of words with A- {prrf.^).\
AVOIRDUPOIS,!', and 56. 'Wor. Hrf Suf To consider,
weigh mentally ; be in doubt.
w.Wor.' Father an' me, we've awerdepoyed it over, an' us
thinks as our 'Liza 'ad best go to service. Hrf.^ I'm all avoirdu-
poised. Suf. I'm wholly on the averdupois [in doubt] (F. H.).
AVOIRDUPOIS, adv. Wor. e.An. Also in the forms
haverdepaise, haverdepaze Wor. ; hobble-de-poise e.An.'
1. Evenly balanced ; straight, correct.
w.'Wor.' e.An.' If we had rocking stones in our country, we
should describe them among ourselves as standing exactly hobble-
de-poise.
2. Undecided, in doubt, wavering in one's mind.
■Wor. (H.K. ) s.'Wor. I be quite haverdepaise .ibout sending
Jane to service, Porson Qtiaiut ll'ds. (1875" 27; s.'Wor.', e.An.'
Nrf. Old King be dade, and we are all averdupois as to whether
he shall be crowned or no [as to whether there shall be a coroner's
inqiiestl (W.R.E.)-
AVORE, see Afore.
AVOUT, see Athout.
AW, sh. Shr. Ess. [9.] An ear of oats.
Shr.' Eels are in season when oats are in aw. Prov. heard
about Aston Botterell. Ess. The oats swelled for the haw, 'YouNG
y4gnc. (1813^ I. 197.
Hence Awed-out, //;r. of oats : in ear.
Shr.' The aoats i' the uvver fild bin awed out, I see.
[Prob. coen. w. an'ii, ail, ear (of corn), without cons,
suff. ; cp. OHG. all, an ear of corn, see Kluce (s.v.
dhre).]
AW, see All, Ea. I.
A'WA, int. Sc. Also in form ava, aava ne.Sc. Ex-
clamation used in banter, ridicule, or contradiction :
nonsense !
Sc. Hoot, awa' man ! ye're clean wrang (Jam. Siififil.). BnfT.'
Aava ! ooman, dinna say that.
[A spec, use of Sc. awa, lit. E. away ; cp. colloq. /ire
away !\
A'WAKED, ppl. adj. Dor. Som. Awake.
Dor.' Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825"!.
[ME. awaked, roused out of sleep ; OE. dwacod, pp.
of tm'aciait, to awake.]
AWAKKEN, ppl. adj. Yks. [awa-kan, awokan.]
Awake.
e.Yks. John wad oft keep Awakkcn for hoors, Nicholson
Flk-Sfi. (1^889) 42 ; e.Yks.' MS. add. I,T.H.)
[OE. dwacen, pp. of dwacan, for onwacan, to awake.]
A'WALD, sb. Sc. Also in forms awal, avil, awart,
awat (Jam.). The second of two crops of corn, in the
' shift' or rotation of crops. Also used altrib.
Sc. It was when it came to the awal. or second crop after bear,
that the contest between the crop and the weeds . . . became most
serious, Alexander Northern Rural Li/ir (1877) 27. Abd., Kcd.
When it came to the awal, or second crop after bear, I'A. Per.
(G. W.) w.Sc. An avald crop is thesccond white crop in succession
on the same land, Morton Cytlo. AgHc. (1863;. Gall. Awal land
is ground under a second crop (Jam.).
AWALD, ppl. adj. Sc. Irel. Also written aiwal N.I.' ;
aval, await Sc.
1. Of a sheep or other animal : 'cast,' lying on its back
and unable to move. Cf. award, awkward, await.
Rxb. Sheep are most apt to die awald when it grows warm after
a shower, Essays Higlil. Soc. III. 447 (Jam. . N.I.'
Hence Aval-thrawn, overthrown, cast prostrate.
Gall. And ne'er be aval-tlirawii by dearth. Harper Bards
(18891 I-
2. Phr. to fall aivald, to fall helplessly to the ground ;
lo roll aii'ald, to roll on the ground, unable to rise.
Abd. A woman in child-birth is said to have fa'en awald (G.W.),
s.Sc. To fa' await, originally applied to a sheep, hence to a person
who is intoxicated (Jam.); In common use (S.R.C.). Gall.
Whane'er they fin' a ewe fa'en aval, Gallon. Encycl. (1824).
[Prob. the best form is aivalt. A- ipref.^)-¥walt. ME.
zvalt, pp. of wallen, to roll ; OE. wealtiaii ; cp. G. waheii.
Sec Awelt.j
AWALT, see Awald.
AW AND, see Awarrant.
AWARD! S, adv. Sc. Nhb. Nhp. Written auwards
N.Cy.' Nhp.'; auwerts, awert, Nhb.' Of an animal:
' cast,' lying on its back unable to rise. Cf. awald, awk-
ward.
Per. Awart, Morton Cycle. Agrie. (1863). N.Cy.', Nhb.', NUp.'
AWARRANT, v. Yks. Lan. Der. Lin. Also written
awand e.Yks.' w.Yks.^= ; awarnd Yks. ne.Lan.' ; awarnt
w.Yks.^ [awa'nt, awa'nd. awond.] To vouch for,
warrant, assure. Used always with fut. tense.
Yks. ' Keep ma oot, if ye de-arr,' saith he ; ' Ah'll awand here's
the tail o' it,' Hlackmore Mary Anerley 1879) xxxiii ; I'll awand
we'll know the hand That did it. Musnv yersrs (18651 17. n.Yks.
What Ah'll awand thou's gahin' t'seeain gecat T Tweddell Clffel.
H/iynies 11875^ 6a ne.Yks.' In common use. Ah'll a-wa'nd ya.
e.Yks.' Ah'll awand tha thou'll sec it. w.Yks. Why-a J inny ah'le
a-wand ta we sal hev a rare day on't, Nidderdill Olin. ^1868' ; Ihcre
was nea grass grew under his feet I'll awarnd ye, Girlinglon
Jrn. Aim. 1875 1 45 : Tha'll noane hae t'chonce to cheat meagcean,
Ah'll awand tha OE.B.^; w.Yks.^S; w.Yks.* When a child tells
its mother that it cannot perform the task which it has been set
to, she makes answer, ' I'll awand thuh. my lad.' Lan. It'll be o"
reet, I'll awarnd you. Waugh Htnnil, ix. ne.Lan.', nw.Der.'
n.Lin.' Gen. used sarcastically. John'll cum hoam drunk agcSn
to neet I'll awarrant it.
[Some writers awarrante your matter, Chester Plays
(c. 14001 3. A- (prep°) -f warrant, vb.]
o 2
AWART
[lOO]
AWE
AWART, see Awald, Award.
AW AT, adv. So. Truly, indeed.
Abd. Awat he len'it a hantle, Alexander Johnny Gibb (1871) x ;
aweit he wiz in g^veed order [well dressed] (,P.G.j.
AWAT, see Awald, sb.
AWAY, adv. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. n.Cy. to Lan.
and Lin. ; also Stf. War. Won Shr. Hrf^Glo. Oxf. Bdf.
e.An. Wil. Som. Written awa Sc. [3we-,3we3-,3wia-.]
A. Denoting motion.
1. Forward, along ; in the direction of.
Sc. Awa' is in common use for ' along,' in numerous idioms. If
a person were falling behind in a walk with you, 3'ou would say
' Come awa', now.' Of a stream : It runs awa' bonnily. Say
awa' and eat [get along with the grace and begin the meal]. A
teacher in Aberdeen was known as ' Ca' awa ' [push along]
because he thus admonished the boj-s to industry ,G.W.) ; ' Come
awa. Bawbee,' sa3'S Dauvit, takin' a hand hold o' my airm, S.al-
MOND My Man Sandy (1894' 168. Frf. He cried up the stair,
' Come awa' doon,' Barrie Tlirunis (18891 iv. Cum. Call to a
colley dog: Sharp, hie! git away by below [on the far side],
SARGissoN/oe Scoap 1881 " 22. n.Yks. He went by the mill away
[the road past the mill] (I.W.). n.Lin.i You mun goa to Ferry by
Had'ick Hill awaay.
2. With ellipsis of v. : go away, go.
Sc. She's o'er the border, and awa' Wi' Jock o' Hazeldean,
Scott Stig. (1816 ; James he's awa to Drumshourloch fair, ib.
Guy M. (,1815' i. Frf. He'll be awa to Edinbory, Barrie
Thrums (1889:1 ii. Ayr. The de'il's awa' wi' th' exciseman, Burns
Sttg. (1790^ N.I.l Away and throw moul' on yourself [go and
bury yourself]. Away and divart the hunger aff ye [said to
children who are troubling and crying for a meal before it is
ready]. Nhb. But we'll awa' to Coquet-Side, Coquet-Dale Sngs.
(1852) 46; Nhb.' Aa mun away. Let's away. Cam. Let them
swine away amang ther muck, S.\rgisso\ Joe Scoap (1881) 102;
Cnm.i I'll away to t'church. n.Yks. Ah'll away ti t'mill. Ah'll
away write [begin to write] (I. W.). e.Yks.' Ah'll awane [or away]
heeam. w.Yks. Ah'll awaay heeam. n.Lin.' I'll awaay to chech
this mornin'. Bdf. This week away [gone, i. e. last week],
Batchelor Anal. Eng. Lang. (18-9".
3. Away zoilh, to endure, put up with. Usually with
negative.
Dur.' Cum.' It's a lee and I can't away wid it. n.Lin.' I can't
awaa3' wi' blash like that. s.Stf. It's a thing as I cannot away with,
Murray 7fn»iioii' CoW ; 1886 1 97. War. 2 In common use. Wor.
We wants some dry weather, but we gets all sorts and we must
away with it 1, H.K. ). Hrf.^ I can't awaay with it. Glo.' Have
you enough sugar in yourteal — Well, 'twould away with a bit more.
M3' 'ead's bin that middlin, I don't know 'ow to awa3' with un ;
Glo,^ Oxf.' M3' daatur a 'ad a lot a trouble and 'er can't awa3-
wi't MS. add. Wil.' Her's that weak her can't away with the
childern at no rate ! A wur alius a terrible voolhard3' zart of a
chap, an' I niver coudden away wi' a lot o' that 'oondermentin',
ib. 214. Colloq. I cannot away with that horrible din, That six-
penn3' drum and that trumpet of tin, Barham Ingoldsby i864\
4. Coiiip. Away-going, -ganning, adj. departing, out-
going ; sb. death.
Sc. Awa-gain, -gaun, death, departure (Jam. Suppl.'). Nhb.'
Away-gannin crop, the cereals belonging to the outgoing tenant of
a farm. Bur. To secure to the tenant a quiet possession of the
farm, and of his away-going-crop, Marshall Reviezv (1808) I.
145. n.Yks.' Awa3--gannan crop, awa3'-going crop, the crop of
corn which an outgoing tenant is entitled to sow and reap on his
late farm, in consideration of, and in proportion to, the quantity of
land duly fallowed and manured b3' him during the last summer of
his occupanc3-. The rules which regulate the proportion of land
thus appropriated vary slightly, I believe, according to the district ;
n.Yks.2 Fig. Poor au'd Willie's a way-ganning crop [is d3'ing].
ne.Lan.', War. 1 J.R.W.)
5. Phr. away to go, be off, go away, away he went.
War.2 Now, then, awa3' to go. Slir.' Tak' this an' awa3' to-go.
A 3'oung kitchenmaid, describing the depredations of a man-
servant on the pastrv-shelf, said, ' It wuz Lucas, ma'am, 'e comen
in out o' the 'all an' took some o' the fancy pies all* away tO-go.'
B. Denoting position or state.
1. Mad ; unconscious ; dead.
Sc. When one cannot avoid a reference to the departed ... it is
usual to speak of ' them that's awa'.' My dochter was lang awa'
[in a swoon], but when she cam again, she tauld us, Blackw.
Mag. (Dec. 1818} 503 'Jam.). Fif. They're baitli dead an' aw.i,
four year syne, Robertson Provost (1894) 182. Edb. ' Your
mither is awa,' said the builder ; ' it's a release,' Crockett Cleg
Kelly {1S96, xi. Rxb. Awa' i' the head (Jam.). N. I.' Away to the
hills, Awa3' in the mind, gone mad.
2. Wearing away, reduced in strength.
Sc, He's awa to skin an' bane (Jam. Snppl.). Bnfi.' He's unco
sair awa wee't sin' a wiz in seein' him last,
3. To be aivay with, deprived of, bereft of prosperity ;
rid of With ellipsis of i'. : to get rid of, spend, squander.
Sc. He's clean awa wi't noo : nacLody trusts him [of one broken
in credit] (Jam. Suppl. ^. Bnff.' He ance cairrit on a ge3' stir; bit
sair awa wee't noo, Yks. When he does earn money, he awa3'S
with it in drink (C.C.R.X n.Yks.^ I thowt I was clean away wi't
[said of a complaint or illness].
4. Intensive : considerably, at any rate, certainly.
n.Yks.'' She's further than me by age, away. I wouldn't stint
it for size-away. e.Yks. Ah's weel aneeaf off fo' cleeas [clothes]
away, bud Ah's badly off fo' money awa3'. Weather's varr3' mahid
fo' tahm o'year away, Leeds Merc. Snppl. (June 20, 18911 ; e.Yks.'
Up bi knees away. n.Lm.' He's ohder than her by aage awaaj',
bud she looks fit to be his muther.
5. Cotnp.(i) Here-awayls, hereabouts, in this direction;
there-, (2) in that direction, (3) approximately, there-
abouts ; (4) where-, where, whereabout.
(i) Ayr. Here awa, there awa, Wandering Willie, Here awa,
there awa, baud awa hame. Burns IVandering Willie. Edb, I be-
lieve he came to some untimeous end hereawa3' about, Moir Mansie
Wanch (1828) 82. Gall. I didna ken he was hereawa', Crockett
Bog-Myrtle (1895) 38. Ir. I saw the smoke coming out of the
bog hereaway, when I passed th' other day, Paddiana (1848) I,
108. Nhb. 'The vera last fairy that ever was seen hereaway,
Richardson Borderer's Table-bk. (1846) VII. 37 ; That's a gran'
tien ye've been playin'. It's not kent, here-away, Clare Love of
Lass (1890) I. 34 ; Nhb.' In these collieries here-a-way, I am
affraid, there are not man3' dare venture of it, Conipleat Collier {i']oQ)
29. Cum. Do 3'e live hereaway (E.W.P.' ; Cnm.', e.Yks.' Lin.
Sequere hac me intus. Follow me in this way, or hereaway,
Bernard Terence 1629) 94. n.Lin.' I hevn't seen him hereawaays
sin' Jewne. e.An.' Hereawa3S, Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. tv.Eng.
(1825). (2) n.Yks.2 e.Yks.' Watther raze aboot up ti there
away, MS. add. (T. H.) w.Yks,' n.Lin.' I doan't knaw reightly
wheare he lives noo, bud its aaither at Spittle, or somewheare
theare awaa3'S on. Lei.', I.W.' w.Som.' You can't zee the
church herefrom, but he lies out there away. (3) Sc. Kipple-
tringan was distant . . . four mile or thereawa, Scott Guy M.
(1815) i, s.Ir. Twenty-five miles. — A3'e, something thereaway,
Lover Z.rg'. (18481 II. 405, Som. Jennings Dial. U'.Eng. \^iB6g),
Cor. A sturd3' fellow of fifty or thereawa3', Bottrell Trad.
(18731 92. (4) Edb. Some parish or other; but where-away,
Gude kens, Moir Mansie IVauch (1828} 5.
[A. 1. Come away, come away death, Shaks. Tzvelflh
Nt. II. iv. 52; Wib )>e kyng he jode away, Cursor M. (c.
1300) 8067. 2. For ' get you gone ' she doth not mean
' away ! ' Shaks. Two Gent. iii. i. loi ; Awaye fro me, ye
wycked, Great Bible (1539) Ps. cxix. 115. 3. The
calling of assemblies I cannot away with, Bible Isa. i. 13 ;
I can nat away with my wyfe, she is so heedy, je ne
puis poynt durer auecques ma femme, elle est si testue,
Palsgr. 475 ; All men can not awaye with that sayinge,
TiNDALE Matt. xis. II. The phr, is to be explained
by ellipsis of a vb, / caunot aivay n<ith = ^ I cannot get on
the way (or along) with.' B. 1. Rachel mournynge for
hir children, and wolde not be comforted, because they
were awaye, CovERDALEyrr. xxxi. 15.]
AWAYGEEAT, see Way-gate.
AWD, see Old.
AWE, V. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dun Cum. Yks. Also
written owe N.I.* Dur,' ne,Yks,' ; aa Sc. Nhb.' [a, ou.]
1. In interrog, phr. IV/io's an'e !' foil, by direct obj. : who
is possessed of? to whom belongs .' See Aught, Owe.
Sc. Quheae's aa th3'r duiks ? Quheae was aa th3*s hoose afuore
yee bowcht it ? This construction can onl3' be used with the inter-
rog. and rel. and some indcf, pronouns, as sumbodie, neaebodie,
onicbodie, quheaever, Murray Dial. (1873) 193. n.Ir. O boys,
heie's a funeral! Whose owe it! N. & Q. (1873) 4th S. xii. 159.
N.I.' WTio's owe it ? Nhb. Here is a glove, whose owe it ? A'. (^ Q.
(18731 4th S, xii. 6 ; Nhb.' Whee's aa the handkersher ? [s.v. Owe.]
Whee'saa'd? Dur,' Whose owe it ? Wheah's awe this hat ? Cum.*
Whee's awe this ? n.Yks.' ' Whceas o' thee ! ' is the question
AWE-BAND
[lOl]
AWHILE
commonly put to unknown children, meaning, who owns you?
' Wlieea's aw"t?' is absolute, 'Wheca's ovvghti ' takes a case after
it; n.Yks.2 Wheeas ow't ? m.Yks.' WhOa's o' thee? [whom do you
belong to?]
2. I'V/io's owes, by confusion with the construction w/io
owes (owns).
ne.Yks.' Only used interrogatively in such expressions as
•Wheea's owes it?' ' Wheea's awes t'box?' m.Yks.' Wliea's
owes this ?
AWE-BAND, sb. Sc. Also written awbun. [a'-band,
9' -bun.]
1. A rope or band for fastening cattle to the stake.
Sc Wull never tak the awbun frae her neck, Ochiltree Red-
bum (1895) viii. Lnk., Ltli. (Jam.)
2. Fiff. A check, restraint.
Sc The dignified looks of this lady proved such an aweband on
the giddy young men, that they never once opened their mouths
(Jam.).
[2. Awebands (not much used), a check, Ash (1795) ;
An awe-band, a check upon, Bailey (1721); The tncnis
tuk sic feir, dredand that the said castel suld be an aw-
band aganis thame, Bellenden Croit. (1536) XII. 15 (Jam.).
Awe in sense of ON. agi, discipline, constraint + i(i;!(/.]
AWEBOUND, //>/. (J(i>'. Sc. Yks. Also written aw-
bund Jam.; awebund n.Yks.' ne.Yks.* m.Yks.'; awbun
n.Yks.^ [abim, pbun.] Under restraint or discipline,
submissive to authority.
Rxb. (Jam.) n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.* They're sadly ower little awbun
[too slightly disciplined]. They were awbun nowther wi' God
nor man [they disregarded all laws, human and Divine]. We were
awbun te t'spot [we were thrilled with the solemn effect of the
place]. ne.Yks.' In fairly common use. Ah nivver was awcbun'
tiv him. m.Yks.'
\Aive+ botiiid, pp. ot bind.]
AWEE, see Wee.
AWEEL, inf. Sc. [awll.] Ah well ! well then !
Sc. Aweel, it's the worst thing I ken aboot, Scott Rob Roy {^8l^)
vi ; Aweel, the sum of the matter is . . . that I would hae amends,
(A. Midlothian (1818) iv. Fif. Aweel, wha was daunderin' doon
the . . . Canongate . . . but my auld frien's, M'Laren Tibbie and
Tam (1894) 28. Gall. Aweel, aweel, this is matter that requires
management, Nicholson Hist. Talcs ( 1843) 68.
[For lit. E. Ah well.' Cp. Fr. eh bien.']
AWEERS, adv. Sc. In phr. to be aweers of, to be on
the point of, about to.
Abd. She wiz 'at piovokin' 'at I wiz aweers o' giein' 'er a skelp
o' the lug (P.G.); It was aweers o' foalin' Samie, Alexander
Johnny Gibb (1871) xl.
AWELT, ppl. adj. Sc. Nhb. Wm. Also written
awelled, avel Sc. ; aweld Nhb.' Of a sheep : lying on
its back and unable to move. Cf. awald, award, awk-
ward.
Dmf. Morton Cycto. Agric. fi863"). Gall. To assure himself
that there were no stragglers l^'ing frozen, or turned avel in the
lirks of the knowes, Crockett Bog-Myiile 1895 1 280. Nhb.'
Some cauld mornin they'll fin' ye, I ween Lj'in awclt and frozen
byWa'bittle Dene, Armstrong yJniWifj'SrtH^, 1872). Wm.' Yan
o" t'hogs awelt in t'garth.
[A- {prcf}°) + well, pp. ON. vella, to roll, set rolling ; cp.
Goth, ivaftjan. See Awald.]
AWES, sb.pl. Sc. (Jam.) Also written aws.
1. Of a mill-wheel : the buckets or projections on the
rim which receive the shock of the water as it falls.
Sh.I. The water falls upon the awes, or feathers of the tirl, Unsl
Statist. Ace. V. 1 9 1.
Hence Open-awed, adj.
Fif. When the water is applied to a wheel abreast the axle and
the floats are flat, that sort of wheel is called an open-awed wheel
(J.M.).
2. Of a windmill : the sails or shafts.
[1. Aubes, the short boords which are set into the out-
side of a water-mills wheel ; we call them ladles, or avc
boords, CoTGR.]
AWESOME, adj. and adv. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. l.an.
Lin. Nrf. Also written awsome (Jam.) N.Cy.' n.Yks.^
w.Yks.^ ne.Lan.' n.Lin.' ; awsom Cum.' ; aasome Nhb.'
[asam, psani.]
A. adj.
1. Awlul, appalling, terrifying.
Sc. I Ic was sic an awsome body, that naebody cared to anger him,
ScoTT Rrdg, (1824) xi ; Sic awsome language as that I ne'er heard
out o' a human thrapple, ib. Rob Roy (1817 xxx ; During these ex-
clamations the awesome din resounded mucklc mair, Bladrw. Mag.
(Nov. 20, 1820) 146 (Jam.). Ayr. This is an unco awsome house
for you tolive in,GALTSiryJ. ff^/i> (1822) Ix. Rxb. The awsome
whirl-blast seemed to fill The whole creation, Riddell Poet. IVks.
(1871) I. igo. N.Cy.' The lightning was awsome. NlJb.' The
sect on't wis aasome. Cnm. This awesome thing is like to turn
the lad's heed, Caine Shad. Crime (1885) 103; Ciun.' n.Yks.'
He let Hec an awsome curse he swore tremendously]. m.Yks.',
ne.Lan.' n.Lin.' A woman speaking of a burning oatstack said,
' Trcas look'd bewtiful when leet fra stack shined on 'em at neet,
bud it was real awsum, it was.' w.Nrf. T'war an awesome sight,
Orton Beeston Ghost (18841 ii.
2. Susceptible to fear, terrified.
w.Yks.' An awsome barn.
B. adv. Very, exceedingly, extremely.
Gall. She's an awesome still lassie, Crockett Bog-Myrtle (1895)
39 ; I wad like awsome well to see the cliap, ib. Popish Parson
U896).
[Awe + -some.']
AWT, sb. Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. War. Shr. Rdn.
Also written auf s.Chs.' Stf.' War.» Shr.'; aufe n.Yks.';
naufShr.' [§f.]
1. An elf, fairy.
n.Cy. Grose (,1790). n.Yks.", Lan.' Der. Grose (1790),
nw.Der.'
2. Camp, (i) Awf-bore, a knot-hole in a board, see
Elf-bore; (2) -shot, -shotten, (3) -strucken, see below.
n.Sc. According to vulgar tradition, an auwis-bore has been made
by the fairies (Jam.). n.Yks. An awf-bore [is] a hole in deal-board-
ing occasioned by the dropping out of a shrunken knot, Atkinson
Moorl. Parish (1891) 66. (2 n.Yks.' Awf-shot. an arrow-head
of flint, or other like material, of prehistoric origin, but alleged
bj' popular superstition to h.-ive been fabricated and used in
malice by the elves or fairies; n.Yks.' To cure an awfshottcn
animal, it must be touched with one of the arrows or ' aufshots,'
and the water administered in which an arrow has been dipped.
(3) n.Yks.' Awfstrucken, equivalent to Awfish.
3. A foolish person, simpleton.
n.Yks.' Lan. '\'on cankard awf, KAV-SninTLEWORTH Scars-
dale (i860) II. 163 ; Lan.' What an awf wur I to pretend rime wch
}0. Tim Bobbin £ait'ther an his /in/t ( 1 750 ) 36. e.Lan.' sCbs.'
Tha grat auf, tha't fit for nowt bu' root i' th' ess hole. Stf.'
Der.' Used adjectivally. Wor.^ You gret awf, what are you
cuffin' that little 'un for? Shr.' 'E took me for a nauf, but 'e fund
'is match. Rdn. Morgan Words (1881).
[1. Say that the fayrie left this aulfc, And took away
the other, Drayton Agincourt. Sr'c. (1627) 1 19 ( N.E.D.). 2.
Auft' or elf, a fool, or silly fellow. Kersey (1715I; An
aiitf, sliitlus, iiuptus, Coles (1679I; Though he be an
aufe, a ninny, a monster, Burton A)iat. Mel. (1621), ed.
1836, 229. OE. (Tlf, an elf ; cp. ON. cilfr.]
AWF, see Argh.
AWFISH, see Awvish.
AWHEELS, adv. Lan. 'War. [swl'lz.] On wheels,
swiftly.
ne.Lan.' It went awhcels. 'War. (J. R.W.)
[ I'he world runs a-wheels, Ben Jonson Vision of Delight
(1617)118. ^^-, on -f «'/«•«/( 5.]
A-WHICHN(S, adv. and pron. phr. Chs. Dor.
[awitf3n(z.]
1. adv. In which way. See 'Whichns. Cf. athatns,
athisns.
s.Clis.' rha mun look at it a-this n. — A-which-n ?
2. interrog. pron. 'Which ?
Der. Give' it to the lad. — A-which-'ens?— The little one (H.R.).
\A-, on -t- which -f- 'nis (en{s). The n is the same suff. as
appears in his^n (=his one).
AWHILE, adv.. prep, and coitj Yks. Stf. Not. Lei.
Nhp. War. Wor. Shr. Ilrf. Glo 0.xf. Brks. Also written
awaal, awhahl Yks. ; awbilde Shr.' [swai'l, awoil.]
1. adv. As yet.
n.Yks.' I can't do it awhile.
AWHILST
[102]
AWP
2. phr. With can or caimof : to have time, be at leisure.
w.Yks. (S.K.C. ) s.Stf. I can't awhile just yet, Pinnock B/k.
Cy. Attn. (189s). Not.' Lel.i Ah caiii't awoil asyettus [as yet-
ways]. Nhp.You couldn't awhile to speak tome, Me/ia's Mag. 1 1896")
149 ; Nhp.' I'm so busy I can't awhile. War. I must go down
again, for I can't awhile to stay, Geo. Eliot Mr. Gilfil (1858)
xvi. s.War.i ; 'War.2 I'll attend to you when I can awhile ;
■War.3 Wor. (H.K.), se.'Wor.* s.'Wor.' I can't awhile to stop
now; I got my washin' agate. Shr.^ Can yo' awilde to draw
the drink ? The men bin gwein to the fild. Hrf.> ; Hrf.2 'When
I can awhile. Glo. (A.B.); Glo.' Oxf.' I will do it when I can
awhile, MS. add.
3. A short time ago. Also in the form a'd'hiles.
Brks.i He was }-er awhiles, but 'ood'nt waait no langer.
4. prep. Until. See 'While.
ne.'Vks.i He ligged i bedawhahl dinner tahm. e.Yks. An varry
few fooaks gat ti bed awhahl three, Nicholson Flk-Sp. ^1889) 41 ;
e.Yks.' Ah sail stop awaal Maatlemas.
5. coiij. While.
War. 2 Lay the cloth awhile I make the tea. Shr.' Now then,
be sharp an wesh them tuthree things awilde I get the batch i' the
oven.
AWHILST, //r/. n.Lin. [awaHst] Until.
n.Lin.'
A-WHOAM, see A-home.
A-WHUMMIL, rt(/z'. Sc. Also written a-homel (Jam.).
Turned upside down : applied to a vessel which lies
bottom upwards.
Per. A-homel, a-whummel, are used, but are not general ;
whummel is quite common (G.W.^. Rxb. (Jam.)
[A-, on + wliHiiunil (to overturn), q.v.]
AWK, sb., adj. and adv. Obsol. or Obs. Yks. e.An.
s.Cy. Also written auk N.Cy.'°, (K.), Grose.
1. sb. A stupid, clumsy person.
w.Yks. WiLLAN List Wds. (iBii). [Not known to our corre-
spondents.]
2. adj. Of persons or things : awkward, untoward.
N.Cy.' Ess. Ill husbandry drowseth at fortune so auke, Tusser
Hiisbandrie (1580) 140, St. 13. s.Cy. Grose (^1790) ; Ray (1691) ;
HOLLOWAY. [(K.)]
3. adv. Of bells : inverted, confused.
e.An.' Bells are ' rung awk' to give alarm of fire. This is the
only connexion in which the word is used among us. Nrf.'
[1. Auk, untoward, Coles (1677) ; Awke or angry,
conlrarius, bUosus, perversiis, Prompt. 2. Ringing as awk
as the bells, to give notice of the conflagration, Lestrange
Fables (1694) ccci (N.E.D.). This word is found in many
Germ. dial. : Kurhessen afk, dfk (also dbic/i), perverse
(Vilmar) ; Saxony a/i'e, a silly, stupid woman (Berghaus) ;
EFris. ajke, a stupid person (Koolman).]
AWKIR, sb., usually pi Sc. In phr. to ding, knock,
drive to awkir, or aivkirs, to break to atoms, dash in pieces.
Abd. (Jam.) Bnff.' He dreeve doun the leukin'-glass, an'
dang't in awkirs. Not used in the sing.
AWKWARD, adj. In gen. use in n. and midl. counties ;
also Hmp. Wil. Som. Also written aakert Nhb.';
aukert Wm.' ; akard w.Yks.' ; akwert n.Yks.' ; okard
m.Lan.'; ockerd Hrf.^ See below. [9-k3d, o'kat,
(jakad.]
1. Of persons or animals : perverse, obstinate, difficult
to manage, bad-tempered.
Nhb.', Wm.' Yks. Na. doant be awkward ; let's agree while
we're at it, Yks. H'hh. Pps/( June 9, 1883). n.Yks. (,I.W.i ; n.Yks.'
He's bad to do with : he's as awkert as awkert. ne.Yks.' He
wer varry okkard aboot it. w.Yks. Well, ya'v no keishun t-o hi
S3 awk'ard wi ma (J.R.) ; T'child's awk'ard to-day. Jim's a
awk'arder chap to deeal wi' ner Tom, but Alf's t'awk'ardest i' t'lot,
Leeds Merc. Suppl. (June 20, 1891) ; w.Yks.', e.Lan.', m.Lan.' Not.
He turned very awkerd when they wanted to take away that bit
o' land. His horse turned awkerd and he couldn't get him past
the lane end (L.C.M.) ; Not.' n.Lin. Soa he falls to makkin' on
his-sen as awk'ard as awk'ard can be. Peacock Taales (18891 66 ;
n.Lin.' I doant knaw oht this side o' Hell 'at's warse then livin'
wi' an awk'ard woman like what she is. Timmersum cauves maks
awk'ard bulls. sw.Lin.' He's so awkward with his men. Lei.'
' Ah doon't say but what a's a bit awk'ard at toimes,' said a woman
of a half-mad husband with homicidal tendencies. War.^ He's an
awkward man to reason with. A bull's a okurd brute to meddle
with ; War.3 Oh let 'im aloan, e's a very awk'ard child, 'e'U goo
and do it by' an' by', when I want 'im to be doin' summut else.
s. War.', s.Wor.' Slir.' Oukit folks. Hrf.= Maister be very arkard
this morning. Glo.' What's the good of you bein' so ockurd ?
Oxf.' MS. add. Hmp.' He's rather an orkard horse. She's rather
orkard if anything upsets her. Wil. I'll be just as akkerd as ever
I knows how (E.H.G.). w.Som.' Nif he don't vind Jim a awkard
customer vor to 'an'le [handle], you tell me, that's all.
Hence Awkwardness, Awkwards, sb. perverseness,
obstinacy, impracticability.
n.Yks.' Ah nivver seen nowght like his awkertness. w.Yks.
(J.R.) n.Lin.' Th' lad's up to his awk'ardsto-neet. Thoo's as full
of awk'ardness as thoo can stick ; sw.Lin.' It's nothing but a bit
of awkwardness.
2. Of things: perverse, unfavourable. Of the weather or
crops: uncertain.
n.Yks. Awkud weather (I.W.) Lei. E az sich u auk-erd
temper iC. E.). s.Wor.', Hrf.^ Glo.' Taters has been rather
ockurd this turn.
3. Backward, back-handed.
Cum. Graeme gae Bewick an ackward stroke, Gilpin Ballads
(1866) 468.
[1. Pervers, per\'erse, cross, aukward, froward, Cotgr. ;
Awkwarde, frowarde, penters, Palsgr. 2. Twice by
awkward wind from England's bank Drove back again,
Shaks. 2 Hen. VI, iii. ii. 83. 3. I rynge aukewarde, as
men do whan houses be afyre, or whan ennemyes be
comyng, Palsgr. Aivk, q.v. -f -ward, formed like backward,
froward.]
AWKWARD, adv. Dur. Yks. Also in form ackwards
n.Cy. Yks. ; akward Dur.' ; awkud n.Yks. ; akwerd,
akwert ne.Yks.' [9'k3d, p'kat.] Backwards; said of
animals lying on their backs and unable to rise. Cf
awald, award.
n.Cy. Grose (1790). Dur.' A sheep is said to be ' laid akward.'
Yks. (, K. 1. n.Yks. (I-W.) ne.Yks.' In fairly common use. Ah
fun yan o' Simpson yows laad akwert. In Cleveland ' rigged ' is
the usual word.
AWKWARDLY, adj Cum. Yks. [^kadli.] Awk-
ward, troublesome, clumsy.
Cum. An awkwardly job (W.K.); He's a girt awkwardly
fellow (J. A.) ; A girt awkertly fell-heed daal lad, Waugh Raiiibtes
in Lake Cy. (1861 ) 175. w.Yks. Thoresby Lett. (,1703) ; w.Yks.*
[Awk'ward+-ly (adj. sufF.), OE. -lie]
AWL-BIRD, sb. Cor. [o'l-bad.] The green Wood-
pecker, Gecinits vin'dis.
Cor. Also called Wood-awl, Hood-awl, Swainson Birds (1B85)
100. [FoRSTER Szfllllow (1817) 70.]
[Comp. of awl, the tool for piercing holes.]
AWM, see Halm.
AWMOUS, see Almous.
AWMUCKS, sb. Sh.I. A kind of fish found upon
sandy beaches. Also called Aggucks, q.v.
S. & Ork.' There are ' ling-awmucks,' ' skate-awmucks,' and
' shell-awmucks ' ; they possess the power of inflating their bodies.
AWN, see Own.
AWNDER, see Undern.
AWNED, see Aund.
AWNTLINGS, 5(!». />/. n.Yks. [o'ntlinz.] The bristles
of barlc}'.
n.Yks.2
[Aivn (the beard of corn or grass) + -ling, with epenth. A]
AWNY, adj. Sc. Cum. Also written awnie. [a'ni,
9'ni.] Of barley or wheat : having awns or beard.
Sc. In shaggy wave, the awny grain Had whiten'd owre the
hill an' plain, Picken Poems (1788) 144 (Jam.). Ayr. An' aits set
up their awnie horn, Burns Sc. Drink (^1786). Cum. (E.W. P.)
[Awn + -}!.]
A-WORTH, aav. Som. Dev. [swa-Jj.] Worth.
w.Som.' Almost invariably so used, even in such common
phrases as ' 'Tidn a-wo'th while,' ' He wad-n a-wo'th tuppence.'
Dhu sprang-kur lid-n u waeth main'deen [the watering-pot is not
worth mending]. nw.Dev.'
[A- {prep°) + worth.]
AWP, .Si!..' Sc. [ap.] The Curlew. Also called
Whaup, q.v.
Sc. Swainson Birds (1885) 200.
AWPS
[103]
AX
AWP(S, sb.^ and adi. Dur. Yks. Lan. Written aup
N.Cy.'Dur.'ne.Lan.'sft.; hawps Grose, ne.Lan.'fl^^'. (^p.J
1. A wayward, mischievous cliild.
N.Cy.', Dur.' w.Yks.' As soon as t'lile aups lied clapt his ccn on
this fine fellow, ii. 292.
2. A stupid, clumsj', ' gawky' person ; also used as ndj.
v.Yks, II//.V. U'cis. Lan.GitosE (17901 AfS. add. (P.) ; ne.Lan.'
Hence Awping, at/j'., Awpish, acfv. clumsy, awkward.
w.Yks. A gurt awpin' lad (yE. B.); What are you doing, you
great, awping fellow ! He looks rather awpish, /HJx. IVds.
AW-PUCK, A-6. Obsol. se.Wor. The will-o'-the-wisp.
se.Wor. Most of the older people in Little Comberton know this
name for the ignis faliiiis , ■w\\\c\\ is also called Pinkit, Hobbady-
lantern, and Jack and his lantern. Awpuck was supposed to be
the most malicious species (J.S.) ; se.Wor.'
AWR, see Arr, Hour.
AWS. see Ox.
AWSE, sec Oss.
AWT, see Out.
AWTE, sb. So. The direction in which a stone or
piece of wood splits ; the grain ; a flaw in a stone.
Sc. In common use. That awte i' the stane macks"t o' nae cess
[use]. The tree is hard i' the awte (,W.G.). Mry., Nai., Abd. (_Jam.)
AWTER, see Halter.
AWTHER, adj., proti., adv. and couj. Yks. Lan. Dor.
Also written auther w.Yks. ; orther w.Yks.* ; other
w.Yks." Der.* nw.Der.' ; ather w.Yks.*; oather s. and
e.Lan. nw.Der.' [9tSa(r), 93Sa(r).] See Other.
1. adj. Either ; each.
w.Yks. Tak auther one, Hlf.x. Wds. ; w.Yks.* Lan.' The s. and
e.Lan. form is 'oather.' nw.Der.'
2. pron. Either.
w.Yks. Wkioht Gram. ^F)/a'/;//.^I892^45. 126; w.Yks.*; w.Yks.*
Tak orther on 'em, which yuh like ! Orther o' them two did it.
Lan. ' Oather'll do,' said the joiner, Brierley hkdale (1865'! xviii.
Lan.' Which is the right pronunciation of either — is it eether or
eyether? — Oather will do [said to have been a schoolmaster's
answer to the question of his pupil]. nw.Der.'
3. adv. Either.
Yks. She's noan fit for t'servc swine, nor yo' other, mester,
Gaskell Sylvia \ 1863) IL i. w.Yks. H.ivvin abaht a dozen gret
fat brussen gamkeepers at as heels o'ther, Bywater Shrjficid
Dial. (1839) i. 2.
4. couj. Either, as correl. to or.
w.Yks.* Orther goa ur let me goa. Lan. Aw'd oather ha'
Jamie or noan, Waugh Sngs. (1866) 23; It wur oather Sladen
or t'dule, Kay-Shuttleworth Scarsdate (i86o^ II. 315; Aulus
oather rain or dust here, Brierley Colters, xv; Lan.' Der.* I'll
Other mak coals or slack on it ; nw.Der.'
[Of all ))e prisuns jiat ]>&v was |iat of>er {v.r. auf>er, or) in
prisunwar or band. Cursor M. (c. 13001 4437; All })at met
hj'm . . . auther dyet of his dynttes or were dcd wondit,
Vest. Troy (c. 1400) 6528 ; Yf bou fynde awdir lande or
tree, York Plays (c. 1400) 52; Outher he dyes for thaim
or thai perisch fra him, Hampole Ps. x.xx. 8 (com.). OE.
aivier, a-liwceSer, either.]
AWTHET, tut. Obs.l Cum. A term used to direct
horses to turn to the left (E.W.P.).
A'WTS, see Orts.
AWVER, see Over.
A-WVISH, adj. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf Der. War. Also
written auvish n.Yks.* w.Yks.' s.Chs.'; awfish n.Yks.'*
w.Yks. ; hawfish n.Yks." Stf. [9viJ, 96/.] Silly, dull,
clownish, mischievous.
n.Yks.'* w.Yks.' ; w.Yks.* ' Nobbut a bit awvish by t'seet on
him,' is said of a staring, stupid-looking countryman. Lan.
I little thawt ut th' felle . . . wur pleyink sich un awvish, ill-
mannurt trick, Butterworth Sequel Dial. (1819) 25; They han
sich awvish ways in a country place, Waugh Talllin Mally, 325 ;
Lan.' Keep out of his road, aw tell thi ; he's an awvish nowty
felly ; e.Lan.' Chs. He's so awvish when he's in drink. Go and
do your work, and don't be so awvish (E. M.G.I; Chs.'. s.Chs.'
s.Stf. [Of feigned stupidity] He took on himself haufishlike, but
he was loffin' in his sleeve all the while, Pinnock Blk. Cy. Aim.
(1895V nw.Der.', War. (J. R.W.)
Hence Awvishly, adv. stupidly, queerlj'.
Lan,' When he coom in ogen, he glooart awvishly at Mezzil
fease, Tim Bobbin yieiv Dial. (1746) 53, ed. 1819.
[ME. atuisch (elfish) occurs in Gauiaine (c. 1340) 681.
Hence the form awvish. Awfish is a new formation.
Awf, q.v. + -/V/.]
AWVISH, adv. Dur. Yks. Also written awfish
n.Yks.* w.Yks. ; hawfish n.Yks." ; haufish c.Yks.'
[ovij. 9fif ]
1. Slightly unwell, out of sorts, 'seedy.'
n.Cy. Grose (1790. Dur. (A.B.) n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.* I feel
myself queer and awfish, nowther scik to lig nor weel te gan.
ne.Yks. In common use (M.C.F.M.). w.Yks. Banks ll'tfld. Wds.
(1865) ; w.Yks.* A person feels aw\'ish when he has been up all
night.
2. Reluctant, undecided.
n.Yks.*, m.Yks.' e.Yks.' Ah thowt o' gannin tl Hcdon te-day,
but this rain maks ma varry haufish aboot it.
[Prob. for ha//ish. Ha//+ -ish.]
AWVISHNESS, sA. Lan. [9vijnas.] Disagreeable
behaviour, perversity.
Lan. We'rn driven to it bi his hawvishness, Mellor l/Hrle
Oudini (1867) 25; Conduct she described as being ' downrcet
auvishness ' on our part, Buierlev Cast upon World ,^1886; 198.
\^Aivvish (adj.), q.v. 4--«<'ss.]
AX, sb.^ Sc. Nhb. Also in Nhp. Wor. Glo. Ken. Sur.
Sus. Hmp. LW. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Also written eaxe,
yax Ken.'; yex Ken. Sur.; ix Sus." Hmp.'; ex Sc.
Nhp.' Glo.' Suf ' LW.« Wil.' Dor.' Som. Dev. ; aix Nhb.'
[aks, yaks ; eks, yeks]
1. The axle or axle-tree of a cart, wagon, &c.
Glo.' Ken. De 3'cx is broak vH.M. ; Ken.' Sur. A labourer
told me that the snow^ was up to the yex of the wagons, N. <y Q.
(1866) 3rd S. ix. 80. Sus.'*, Hmp.', LW.*, Wil.'. Dor.' Som.
Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eug. (1825 ; Sweet.man Wincanlon Gl.
(i885\ Dev. Grose (1790, MS. add. JA.)
2. The axis of a wheel.
Glo.', Dor.'
3. Coiup. Ax-tree, an axle-tree.
So. (Jam.) Nhb.', Nhp ', se.Wor.', Snf.l
[2. OE. CFX, 'axis,' Epiual and Corpus CI. (Sweet O.E.T.
36 and 43) ; cp. G. achse. 3. Heav'n's huge ax-tree,
Drayton Mooucalf (Nares); Axis, an axetre, Dunxan
App. Elym. (1595) ; Axis, an ex-tree. Cooper Thes. (1565) ;
Exultre, or Ex tre. Prompt. OE. o-.x'-Zn'o.]
AX, 5i.* Yks. [aks.] A question.
n.Yks.* There need be neea ax about iL
[The same word as Ax, v.]
AX, v. In gen. dial, use in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also
written ex Cum. Wm. n.Yks.' w.Yks. Lan.' se.Wor.' Glo.'
Som. |aks, eks.] To ask, in its var. lit. meanings. See
also Ask, t'.'
Sc. He axet lifTe o' thee, an' thou giefist it him, Riddle Ps.
(1857) xxi. 4 ; The peeple axet, an' he broucht quails, (A. cv. 4a
Ir. I was ou'y axin' what was in it. Barlow Lisconitfl (1895)
235. s.Ir. I am often axed to tell it, sir, Croker Leg. (1863) 141.
Nhb. Gan to Newcassel and ax the rcet nycm. Gilchrist Sm^s.
(,1824) II. Cum.' ; Cum.^ Kindly ex't to I'Kersmas fecast. 8a.
Wm. A feal ex'd wha is ray neighbour, HurroN Bran New Work
(17851 1. 139. Yks. Ax an' hcv', Prov. in Brigliouse Neu'S (,A"g.
10, 1889). n.Yks. Ah ni\'\'er axt him, Tweddell Clevel. Hhymes
(1875) 65 ; n-Yks.' e.Yks. They gat it all up. an then axt Ned,
Nicholson FlkSp. (1889) 34. w.Yks. He axes hcrsome sooart ov
a gaumless question. Hartley Budget ^1867! 4 ; 'E exed fifty or
fifty-five poond for t'tit (K.P.T.'t ; It's for mother's sake I axes yc,
Macquoid Doris Barugh (1877) xvi. Lan. Afore Au'vc axt a
blessin, Brierley Layixxk (,1864) iv ; Go and ax after them,
Gaskell3/. i?n»^o>i (1848) XXV ; Lan.' A slonkinsooartof achapcxt
for a leet job, Barber forHciS /"/*, (1870)21. Yo're noan shaume-
faced ; yo axen [or ashen] for anoof. Stf.* Mary scd her'd 'a
married Jack 'crsel — if C'd ony 'a axed her to. Not* He axed mc
summut .IS I knowed nowt about. Lin. Summun 'cd hax'd fur
a son, an' 'e promised a son to she, Tennyson Owd Rod (1889).
n.Lln. Oot cums his wife an' axes him what aails him. Peacock
Tales and RInmes (1886) 61. Wor. I didn't ax 'im fust, nor never
don't : ILK. V Glo. If yu'l only ex ur. Why John {Coll. L.L.B.).
Mid. What's the good o' that, I arx you ! Kipling Badalia (1B90)
7. Ken.' I axed him if this w.is the way to Borden. Sur. He
axes if we's nnthing hot to keep 'ce from starving. BicKLEY Sur.
Hills (1890^ I. i ; Sur.' He was axing on us the other day. I.W.*
He axed mc to litter-up vor'n. Wit.' The doctor axed un how
AX
[104]
AYE
a vvur, 21 r. Dor. An' who, you mid ax, be my praises A-meaken
so much o' ? Barnes /'ofHis( 1869) 14. Dev. Thare wiswan purty
gal, . . . Who ax'd mer ta gie hur a bit uv a zwing, Nathan Hogg
Poet. Lett. (1847) 8, ed. 1865 ; Gie ta hee thit axith thee, Baiud
St. Matt. (1863) V. 42. Cor. In th' day when she shall be ax'd for,
Netherton Sng. Sol. (1859) viii. 8; Cor.^ Ax en [him]. Colloq.
Though the sacristans now are 'forbidden to ax' For what
Mr. Hume calls a ' scandalous tax,' Barham Iiigoldiby (1S40) 19.
[Amer. Now considered a vulgarism. I ax'd the postmaster if
there was anything for me, Bartlett.]
[It is axed at the mouth of the wyse, Coverdale (1535)
Eccliis. xxi. \'] ; Axe, and it shalbe geven you, Tindale
(1526) Matt. vii. 7 ; How sholde I axen mercy of Tisbe,
Chaucer Leg. G. VV. 835 ; Whanne he schal axe, what
schal Y answere to hym? Wyclif (1388J Job xxxi. 14.
OE. acsian (d.vinii), to ask. See Ask.]
AX, see Ash, Ask.
AXABLE, adj. Ken. Of an age suitable for marriage.
Ken. (A.IVI.)
AXE, FLOWER OF THE, p/ir. Dev. Lobelia ureiis.
Dev. Applied by the country-people about Axminster to this
rare flower, which grows on Kilmington Common, near that town.
[Named fr. the river Axe.]
AXEN, sb. pi. Ohsol. Pern. Glo. Hmp. Wil, Dor.
Som. Dev. Also written acksen Wil.' [a'ksan, aeksan.]
Dial, form oi ashes.
Glo 1 s.Pem. Maary. drow that axen into the axen pit. Obsol.
(WM.M.^ Hmp. & w.Cy. Grose (1790). Wil.i Dor.' His lips an'
his feace Wer so white as clean axen cood be, 230. Som. Here
maaid. teeak showl and d'up axen, W. & J. Gl. (1837). Dev. See
Ash, si.i 2.
[Erthe and axen felle and bone. Pol. Songs. 203
(Matzner) ; Holi axen a palm sunedai, Horn. (c. 1250) II.
99; On hceran and on axan, Gospels (c. 1000) Matt. xi. 21.
OE. axan, ashes, pi. of a.-ce, for asce. See Ash, sb.'^]
AXES, AXEY, see Access.
AXE-WORK, sb. Nhp. [ae ks-wak.]
Nhp.' Axe-work is building with stone that is prepared with
an axe, in contradistinction to ashler or chiselled stone. It is
the usual mode of building in this county.
AXLE, V. Yks. Written assle. [a'sl.j To furnish
with an axle-tree.
n.Yks. He's assled me my cart, and it gans as weel as a new
un (I.W.\
AXLE-HEAD, sb. Cum. The back portion of the jaw
which contains the molars or ' axle-teeth,' q.v.
Cum. It meaad ivery teuth eh me asselheid chatter, Sargisson
Joe Scoap (1881) 18.
AXLE-TOOTH, sh. Sc. and all the n. counties to
Yks. and Lan. Also written axel- N.Cy.^ ; axil-
ne.Lan.'; axxle- w.Yks.* ; assle- Rnf Lnk. n.Cy. Dur.'
n.Yks.i^e.Yks.i; assal- Lnk. Wm.i Lan.» ; assU- N.Cy.i
Nhb.' n.Yks.' ne.Yks.'w.Yks.^; assel- Cum. Yks. ; asil-
Rxb.; aisle- Rnf. Lnk.; aizle- w. and s.Sc; azzle- n.Yks.
[a'ksl-, e-zl-, a'zl-, asl-.] A molar tooth.
w. & s.Sc. (Jam. Sk/"/*/.") Rxb. Asil, asil-tooth (Jam.). N.Cy.'^,
Nhb.' Dur. A nut ed thoo canna crack, even wu the assle teeth,
Egglestone Betty Podkins Let. (1877) 5 ; Dur.' Cum. Hoc many
assel teeth may a sheep hev oa tegidder? Sargisson Joe Scoap
(1881) 76; Cum.* Cum. & Wm.Assle-tooth. Aa wadn't part wi't
— as suin part wi' my assel tuith (lU.P.). Wm. That's wi ther
assal teeth bin edget wi ittan apples, Sptc. Dial. (1885) 10 ; Wm.'
Yks. Her grinding teeth, commonly called axle-teeth, Knowlson
Cattle Doctor {iB-^.^) ■i. n.Yks.*^ e.Yks. Marshall 7?Mn £fo".
(1788) ; e.Yks.', w.Yks.' Lan.' Some co'n em wang an' others
assal-teeth. ne.Lan.'
[Axyltothe, molaris, Catlt. Angl. ON. jaxl, a jaw-tooth,
grinder ; cp. Dan. axel-tand, Sw. oxel/and.]
AXLE-TREE, 56. In addition to the ordinary pronunc.
of the word, the following forms occur : aizle-tree N.I.' ;
ashle- e.Lan.'; assel- Wm.' n.Yks.' ne.Yks.' ; assil-
N.Cy.' Nhb.' ne.Lan.' Nhp.' ; assle- n.Cy. (Grose) Dur.'
n.Yks.* e.Yks.' w.Yks.' Sus. (Holloway); eshle- Lan.'
ne.Lan.': yexle- Ken.'*; accles- Suf.'
AXLEWORTH, 56. Ohs.? Chs. A grinder.
Chs.'^ [Not known to any of our correspondents.]
AX-WADDLE, sb. Obs. Som. Dev. Also written
-waddler Som. Dev.' One who collects and deals in ashes;
hence, one who crouches over the fire, a dirty person.
w.Som. Wood ashes are no longer to be had and so the ax-
waddler's trade is extinct (F.T.E.). n.Dev. Thee wud ruckee,
and squattee, and doatee in the chimley coander lick an axwaddle,
E.r:ii. Scold. (1746) 1. 144; Grose (1790) ; I doan't lick gurt ax-
waddle Sal, Rock y/»« an' Nell {186-1) 12. Dev.'
[The same word as a.v-waddle (vb.), q.v.]
AX-WADDLE, v. Obs. Dev.
1. To wallow on the ground.
Dev.'
2. To draw lines in the ashes.
n.Dev. Aliquando etiam designat lineolus in cineribus duccre
stipite ligneo, vice Poker, Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.)
[Ax, see Ash, sb.^ + waddle (vb.), q.v.]
AY, i)it.^ Sc. Yks. Lin. Also written eh n.Lin.' [e.]
1. An exclamation of surprise or wonder.
Sc. Monthly Mag. (1800) I. 324. n.Cy. Grose (1790) MS. add,
(D.A.) w.Yks. Ay! bonny little buttercup, what are ta dewin'
heear? Binns in Keighley News {Mar. 16, 1889) 7. n.Lin.' Eh, but
she was a bonny lass, th' flooer o' 'em all.
AY, ?■«/.* Van dial. Usually written eh ; also eigh
N.Cy.' Dur.' [e.] An interrogative particle : what ?
what did you say ? See Eh.
N.I.', N.Cy.', Dur.', w.Som.'
AY, int.^ Dev. Also written hy. A call to attract
attention ; to have a hy to everybody, of a bold, forward, or
gossiping woman : to be ready to talk with a chance
acquaintance.
n.Dev. Enny body that deth bet zey Ay to tha, Extii. Scold.
(1746 1. 234 ; Thee wut ha' a Hy to enny kessen soul, ib. 1. 232.
AY-DI-ME, :«/.^/!r. Sc. Nhb. An exclamation of regret
or pity ; cf a-deary me.
Sc. (R.O.H.) Nhb.' Ay-di-mi ! is often heard as a sigh by old
people.
[Corruption oi Ah. dear nie /}
AYDLE, see Addle, v.'^
AYE, adv."^ Sc. Nhb. Wm. Also (?) Der. Lin. War.
Also written ay Frf. Ayr. N.Cy.' [e.]
1. Always, ever ; continually.
Sc. Be thou well, be thou wae, thou wilt not be aye sae, Ramsay
Prov. (1737") ; The bairn aye held an unca wark wi' the Super-
visor, Scott Guy M. (1815) xi ; But aye she loot the tears down
fa', ib. Jock 0/ Haseldcaii (1816). Bnff. Weel, I canna be aye at his
heels. Smiles Sc. Natur. (1879) 1. 9. Abd. She has aye some
bizziness or anider on ban', Alex akdzr Jolinny Gibb (1871) xxxii.
Frf. A man canna be aye washin' at 'imsel, Barrie Tht-uttis
(1889) 21, ed. 1895 ; That was ay Rob's way, ib. Minister (i8gi)
iv. Per. He aye seemed beyond man, Ian Maclaren Brier Bush
(1895) 39. Ayr. It's aye the cheapest lawyer's fee To taste the
barrel, Burns 5c. Z)nHi( 1786). Slk. I ayegiedasgude's I got, Chr.
North Nodes (ed. 1856) HI. 189. Gall. He's aye sing, singin' at
his hymns, Crockett Stickit Min. (1893) 14. N.Cy.' Nhb. But
aye the warst cast still comes last, Ritson N. Garl. (i8ro) 49.
Wm.' ' Aye ' still used here, though ' alius ' [always] is gradually
taking its place. He's aj'e tellin t'seeam teeal. He's aye waren
t'brass [spending money]. Der.i* Lin. Skinner (1671). Obs.
War. (J.R.W.)
2. For ever and aye, for ever and ever.
n.Cy.. Nhb. Grose (1790). Der. In common use (H.R.) ; Der.'*,
War. (J.R.W.) [(K.)]
[My synn is ay agayns me, Hampole Ps. 1. 4 ; His
libertee this brid desireth ay, Chaucer C. T. h. 174 ; He
that hath holy writ aye in bus mouthe, P. Plowman (c.)
XII. 31. OE. a, ever; cp. ON. ei (ey).]
AYE, adv.'^ Sc. Irel. and all the n. counties to Lan.
Stf. Der. Not. Lin. Also in Lei. War. Wor. Glo. and in
Siir. Sus. Hmp. Som. Dev. Cor. Also in forms ay Irel.
n.Yks.*w.Yks.' Not. n.Lin.'; I N.I.'Sus. Hmp.(HDLLOWAY)
Som.; ai Nhb.'; aay nw.Der.' ; ai Nhb.'; aey n. and
s.Cy. (Grose) ; eigh N.Cy.' Nhb.' Dur.' Cum. Wm. w.Yks.'
Lan.'; ey Wm. e.Yks. n.Lin.' ; ei w.Yks. ; eye n.Lin.';
eyeh Nhb. ; eyh Wm. ; ah Not. nw.Der.' Lei.' s.War.'
w.Som.' ; eea, eeah w.Yks. ; a Som. ; aw Stf War.'
Wor. Cor. ; hey n.Yks.* e.Yks.' n.Lin.' ; hei w.Yks.' ; hi
w.Yks. Lan.' e.Lan.'; oi Sur. ; wyah n.Yks.* e.Yks.;
weyey e.Yks. [ai, ei, oi, ia.]
AYE BUT
[105]
AYONT
1. Yes.
Abd.Ay,repliedJohnny,it\vudbeagrandsicht.ALEXANDF.RyoAi;»i)'
Gibb (^1871) 42. Frf. What, no little Jeamcs 'at ran awa ' — Ay,
ay, but he's a muckle stoot man noo, an' gey gray, Bakrie T/iiiiiiis
(1889) xiii. N.I.' s.Ir. Well, where was I? — Oh, ay! Croker
Leg. (1862) 247. N.Cy.' Nhb. Is thee muthcr shoutin out — ej-eh
that she is, Bewick lloiidy (1850) 10 ; Clap on the kettle, hinny.
— Aye, aye, aa'I clap't on (^W.H.H.") ; Nhb.' Dur. Is ta gaaen tc
wark? — Aye, aye, sartenly I is I (W.H.H.); Dur.' Cum. I axt
them if we gat oot here, and they scd eigh, Sargisson Joe Scoafi
(1881) 19. Wm. Different spots have their different pleasures,
eigli and difficuUics tea. Bran Neiv IVark (1785) 1, 10; In the
vernacular 'yes' as an affirmative is practically unused (B. K.);
Wm.i n.Yks.2 e.Yks. Marshall A'Mr. £fO<(. (1788); e.Yks.' The
word ' yes ' is seldom heard in Holderness. w.Yks. Are you the
housekeeper? — Eca, aw keep th' hause, Bronte IViitheniig Hts,
(1847) xxxii ; 'Hei!' saj'S mouse wi' a gurn, 'Bud folk ses owt
when ther i' drink,' Howson Ciir. Craven (1850) 116; w.Yks.'
Wor the gentlefoak ? — Eigh, be ther talk they wor, ii. 296 ;
w.Yks.^ Lan. Hoo cou'd naw opp'n hur Meawth t'sey eigh or
now; boh simpert an sed iss, Tim Bobbin Vinv Dial. (1746)
27, ed. 1806; Lan.', e.Lan.1 Stf. (J.A.L.) Der.^ Aye, Mester,
I'm welly clemmed (s.v. Clam). nw.Der.' s.Not. Did ycr graft
'em yoursen! — Ah (J.P.K.). aLin.' Did you voate for tli" school
board ? — Eye, all five for th' chech an' noht at all for th' chapil.
sw.Lin.* It is common to hear parents correct their children for
saying Aye and Nay (^ though they must doubtless have learnt it
from the parents themselves), and tell them they should say Yes
and No. But there seems to be no distinction made in their use,
whether as answers to questions framed in tlie affirmative or in
the negative. Lei.' 'Ah' is sometimes stronger than 'yes.' 'You'
leave them?' and he says 'Yes,' he says, 'yes, I'll leave them.'
'Yes be blamed,' I says, 'will you or won't you? Say "Ah, for
sure.'" War.'.s.War.', s.Wor. (H.K.) Glo. Grose 11790I il/5.
add. I H.) Sur.Oi.minesterdidnamean it, BICKLEvS((r.//(//5^I89o')
I. v ; Sur.' Ay ! it be an ungain place, I can tell 'ee. Sus. HoL-
Low.w. Hmp. 'Ay' is occasionally heard, but 'yes' is more common
(T. L.O.D.V Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eiig. (18251 ; w.Soin. '
Bee'ul-s u-ad dhi naivugee'un? — Aa*u [Bill, hast had thy knife
again? — Yes]. Cor. Aw, my deer, so you shall, Forfar Juii's
Criship. {iSsg) St. 5.
2. Aye ami like, yes, certainly; ayc-an'-lye, yes, if you
wish ; aye ivhy.
Lei.' Did you dine there to-day? — Hoy an' loike, Oi did. an'
all! (Cf the cockney 'I believe you, my boy.') War.^ Dev.^
Midden I go tu church, mawther ? — Ayc-an'-tye, but mind yu'm
'ome airly. n.Yks.'^ Ay wh^'. Eh why, vei-y well ; yes, yes.
[(«) Ay, yes, Bailev (1755); Ay, answer that if you
can,Sir, AuDisoN S/x't/. No. 568. (b) I (yes),w;o, nia.vinii,
Coles (1679) ; / for yes is used in a hasty or merry way,
as J Sir,/ Sir, GuEENWooD^wi,'-. Giam. {1711) i59(N.E.D.) ;
If he be slain, say ' I,' or if not, ' no,' Shaks. R. ijr' J. iii.
ii. 50.]
AYE BUT, coiij. phr. Nhb. Wm. Ylvs. Lan. Chs. Stf.
Der. Lin. Also written abbut Nhb.' w.Ylts.'^^^ ne.Lan.'
m.Lan.'; ah but n.Ylcs. ne.Lan." ; a-but n.Yks.' n.Lin.' ;
abbud w.Yks.* ; abud e.Yks.' ; aa bud ne.Yks.' ; abber
Yks. Lan.' nw.Der.' ; abbur w.Yks.^ Chs.' ; habbad
w.Yks.; ebbat Wm. ; yabber w.Yks. [ai'bad, a-bsd,
a'bat, a-b3(r).]
1. Yes ! but — , but ; expressing dissent from a previous
speaker, or qualifying what has been already said ; also
used as //;/. to denote admiration or surprise.
Nhb.' Abbut aa'U not let ye. Wm. Ebbat, ses he, thoo mun g.ia
a gae bit fardthre, Spec. Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 31. n.Yks. (I.W.);
n-Yks.' A I but, that was a big yan. ne.Yks.' Aa ! bud them's bon-
nie 'uns. e.Yks.' Aye-bud Ah wadn't gang if Ah was thoo. w.Yks.
I'se happen manage. — Abbud I woddant if I wor thee, Satttiterer's
Satchel (1875") 38 ; Yabber o have, thah'd as weel say o'm a loiar,
BvwA-iER Slirjield Dial. (18391 18; w.Yks.234. w.Yks.* Let muh
catch thuh thearagean an' al goa tell thee fatthcr an' he'll gie thuh
a sound hiding! — Abbud he weant! Lan.' Thae'll not goo, Jim,
behke? — Abber aw will, shuse what thae says. ne.Lan.', m.Lan. ',
Chs.' nw.Der.' Tha winno' goo, belike ? — Abber aw will. n.Lin.'
A ! but Charlie is a big lecar, an' noa mistaake ; he'd lee thrif a
three-inch deal. [WU. I but you shud ha done that before, Maiqiie
(1636) 12.]
2. A' bur II1& bur, aye-but though but, an intensive
expression of dissent.
VOL. I.
Stf.2 Thi tcll'n mCC as thecr's a lot better harvests when th'
Tories are in. — A' bur tho' bur, they dunna loike th' poor folk
the'd nivver give ycr three acres an a cai. Oi diinna think a.«,
theer's ony chap livin as could lift this ere sloon.— A' bur tho' bur,
tlieer is tho.
[I would resort to her by night.— Ay, but (Folios ' I,
but') the doors be lockd, Shaks. Tu'o Gent. 111. i. m ; Ay,
but she'll think that it is spoke in hate, ib. in. ii. 34. See
Aye, adv^\
_AYE-GREEN, sb. Wm. Lan. Also written aigreen.
[e'-grln.] Sempervivum tectorum, or Ilouse-leck.
Wm. Pou up them hay-greens, Close Saliiiit (1833 fjo. Lan.'
[IK.)]
[Aj'-green, an herb always green . . . House-leek,
Robertson Pliras. (1693) ; loiibarbe, Houseleek, Seagrcen,
Aygreen, Cotgr. ; Jovis barba . . . llousleeke, Aygreene,
Gerarde (ed. 1633) 511. See Aye, adv.^]
AYE-KELD, sb. Nhb. A perennial well.
N.Cy.' Akeld is the name of a fine well, village, and township in
the parish of Kirknewton. Nhb.'
[Aye (adv.'), q.v. + i-eM (a spring), q.v.]
AYE MARRY, p/ir. Yks. Lan. Lin. Also written ay
marry n.Vks.'^ Lan. n.Lin.' [aimari.] An expression
of assent; yes, indeed. Cf. nay marry.
n. Yks.' What, they've forgiven you. Mr. Dale, and asked you to
go and see them again ?— Aye marry ! They wants ma' brass ye ken;
n.Yks.2 It's coming on rain. — Ay, marry ! it is. ne.Yks.' e.Yks'
Aye, marry, it's time they was wed. m.Yks.' w.Yks.^; w.Yks.*
Then he's sure to goa then ?— Aye marry is he. Ironically, as in:
Missis! [in a stentorian voice, from a short distance.]— Well ? —
Gi'e usapennorth o' bacca wi'that youngster— d' yuh hear muh' —
Aye marry. Lan. Wed ! ay marry ! that wou'd l.Abriiiu o Flap's
Oiiortiit (i886) 14. n.Lin.' Let's hev anuther pint o' aale, Jim. —
Aye, marry, that we will.
\Aye (adv.°/ (\.v . -V marry , q.v.]
AYE-NO-BENT, sb. Glo. The perennial rye-grass,
the alternate seeds of which are made to denote ' aye '
and ' no ' in telling fortunes. See Bent.
Glo.'
[See Aye, adv?^
AYE SURE, phr. Yks. War. Dev. An expression of
assent, occasionally equivocal or slightly interrogative.
n.Yks.' Well, Josey, I am going to be married. — Aye, secar?
Than thou's gannan to get wed, after all, Jeeams ? — [With a sly
smile, perhaps] Aye, seear [which means, you arc at liberty to
suppose so, if you like]. w.Yks.* Is tub bown yonder then? —
Aye-sflre. — Noan o' thee aye-sures ; tell us reight if tub means to
goa ? War.^ It's a fine morning. — .'\' sure. Dev. Aye zure, Bow-
ring Lang. (1866) I. 27.
[See Aye, adv?^\
AY -GRASS, see Eegrass.
AY-LA, int. phr. Yks. An exclamation of surprise or
grief.
e.Yks.i MS. add. (T.H.I
AYLE, adv. Obs. Nhb. All along, always.
Nhb.' And ayle I whistled as I came, Stuart Joco-Serioiis Dis-
course (1686).
[Skinner (1671) X xxx ; Ayl, alwayes. Coles (1677).]
AYMER, sec Aim.
AYND, see And, sb.
AYOH, see Ahuh.
AYON"!", prep, and adi'. Sc. Irel. and all the n. counties
to Yks. Also in Ucr. [ayont]
1. prep. Of place : farther than, on the other side of,
beyond.
Sc. For the sake of the auld wife ayont the fire at Stuckav-
rallachan, Scott Rob Roy (18171 xxiii; By the w,iy o' the sea
ayont Jordan, Henderson St. Mall. (1862I iv. 15. Per. Places
o' learnin' ayont the sea, Ian Maclaren Auld Lang Syne (1895)
218. Rnf. Watty . . . sayne ayont the fire sat doun, Wilson
ll'nlty (1792)3, Newcastle ed. Ayr. Wi' you myscl, I gat a fright,
Ajont the lough. Burns Address to the Deil {i-j&^\ Lnk. I winna
(lout mine ain gude knicht Tho' he's ayont the sea ! Motherwell
Poems (1827) 203, ed. 1881. Slk. Daunderin by himsel ayont
the loneliest shielin amang the hills, Ciir. North Nodes l,cd.
1856") III. 3. Gall. The brimstane Darning blue ayont the bars o'
muckle hell, Crockett Raiders (1894I x. N.L' N.Cy.' Ear .-•yont
the hill. Nhb. He comes from Hexham Green and that's ten
P
AYROM
[io6]
BAAYSTE
miles ayont Hell. Deiiliam Tiacts (ed. 1892 i I. 279. Dur. Gibson
Up. IVeardale Gl. (1870). Cum. Born ayont the Gerse-dyke,
Deiiham Tiacts (ed. 1892) I. 178. Wm. & Cum.i A boggle's been
seen with twee heads . . . a3'ont Wully' carras [cart-house], 221.
n.Yks.i2
2. Fig. In excess of, beyond.
Fif. Mortified a3'ont description, M'Laren Tibbie and Tain (1894')
32. Lnk. This gangs clean ayont me, Fraser Whaiips (1895) xiii.
Nhb. Frae toil and pain ayont conceivin', Wilson Pitman's Pay
(1843) 32 ; Nhb.i
3. Of time: after, later than.
Sc. Ayont the break o' day, Roy Horseman (1895") i. Ayr. Some
wee short hour ayont the twal, Burns Death and Dr. Hornbook.
4. adv. Of place: farther, beyond.
Abd. A burn ran in the laigh, ayont there lay As many feeding
on the other brae, Ross Helenore (1768) 49, ed. 1812. m.Yks.i
He's ayont yonder [s. v. Beyont]. Der. Thow shalt not go one
foot ayont, Jewitt Ballads (1867) 69.
5. From yonder place.
n.Yks.2
[A-, on +yoiid, q.v.]
AYROM, sb. Nhb. (?) Wm. An unpleasant upstir,
display of temper, ' tantrums.'
Nhb. Is thee nuither sboutin out— eyeh that she is — ayrms aye
by George ! for aw heard her, Bewick Howdy (1850) 10. [? Mis-
print. The quotation, in this form, is not understood by dialect
speakers I R.O.H.).] Wra.i What an aj'rum thoo's makken agen !
AYVER, see Eaver.
-AZ, siiff. Chs. A termination of vbs., corresponding
to the frequentative sufif. -k.
s.Chs.i The change of le final into az is quite regular and not
infrequent; cf dongaz, dangle; fummaz, fumble; goggaz, goggle;
scrammaz, scramble ; yaggaz, yaggle. Hey fummazed in his
pocket for a ha'penny, s.v. Fummaz. Dongazin about the lanes of
a neight, ib. s.v. Dongaz. To scrammaz up a bank, ib. s.v.
Scrammaz.
AZURINE, sb. Leiicisais cacni/eiis.
Satchell 1,1879) 7.
AZZALD, sb. and ad/. Yks. Lin. Also nazzald
w.Yks.^ ; nazzle w.Yks. n.Lin.' ; nassel w.Yks. [a'zld,
na"zld.]
1. sb. A peevish, wayward, mischievous child. See
Azzard, Azzy.
w.Yks. Tha nazzle, tha, Leeds Merc. Sk/>/>/. (Jan. 3, 1891); Hlfx.
IVds. ; w.Yks.^ A child who has been guilty of deceptive practices
is termed a ' little nazzle.' Never applied to the male sex.
2. A silly, insignificant, mean person.
w.Yks. ScATCHERD Hist. Morley \iB^o) 170, ed. 1874 ; w.Yks.s,
n.Lin.l
3. An ill-tempered person ; an habitual fault-finder.
w.Yks. As nasty tempered a nazzle as yo'd find between here
an' Sandy Loin boddom, Sanntcrcrs Satchel (1881) 28,
4. adj. Bad-tempered, irritable.
w.Yks. Hamilton Nugac Lit. 1,1841) 357.
Hence Nazzly, adj. rude, mischievous; bad-tempered.
n.Lin.^ Yisterdaay when th' sun was oot atwean twelve an'
one o'clock them nazzly childer, thaay cum an' brogged a duzen
hoales e' oor causey if thaay maade one.
AZZARD, sb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Also nazzard
Cum. Yks. ; nazzart Wm. [a'zsd, na'zad.]
1. A peevish, wayward, mischievous child. See Azzald,
Azzy.
w.Yks.^, ne.Lan.^
2. A silly, insignificant, mean person.
n.Cy. Grose (1790 . Wm. & Cum.' Cum. Linton Lake Cy.
(1864) 296. Wm. Didta ivver see sic a wurm itten nazzard i' thi
life ? Jack Robison Aald Taales U882I 13.
Hence Azzardly, adj. poor, ill-thriven.
w.Yks.i
AZZLE-TOOTH, see Axle-tooth.
AZZY, sb. Yks. Lan. A wayward child. See
Azzald, Azzard.
w.Yks.^, ne.Lan.^
AZZY TREE, see Hazel.
B
B. In gen. use. In phr. not to knoiv a B from a bttlfs
foot, to be quite ignorant and illiterate.
w.Yks. He doesn't knaw a B thru a bull fooit. Banks Wkjld.
IVds. (1865). sw.Lin.^ w.Som.* Ee doa'noa B vrum u Beolz
v6ot. Dev. He's so hignorant's a hound, a don't know a B from
a bull's foot, Reports Provinc. (1882) 8. Slang. He's one of those
uncultivated brutes we get here occasionally, that doesn't know
B from a bull's- foot, Mayhew Prisons (1862) 258 ; There were
members who scarcely knew a B from a bull's foot, Bracken-
bridge Mod. Chiv. (1846) 43 'Farmer^
[I know not . . . a B from a bole foot, Pol. Poems (1401)
11.57 (N.E.D.).]
BA, see Ball.
BAA, sb. Sh.I. A half-sunken rock, covered by the
tide, and only visible at low water.
Sh.I. Da shore o Life, Wi shaalds an baas it's bund, Burgess
Rasmie (,1891) 128 ; Ba {Coll. L.L.B.). S. & Ork.i
BAA, V. Sc. Also written baw. To lull to sleep.
Sc. Baa the bairns wi' an unken'd tune, Nicholson Hist. Tales
(1843) 82 ; They baw it, . . . thay brace it, Watson Coll. (1706)
HI. 21 (Jam. s. v. Baw).
BAA, int. Nhb. An exclamation of surprise or
astonishment.
Nhb.^ A sailor chep comes up, tyeks the beast bi the horns an'
torns hor reet ontiv hor back, 'an aall the people ses ' Baa ! '
BAA, see Ball.
BAACHLE, see Bauchle.
BAAD, see Bide.
BAAGIE, sb. Sh.I. The greater Black-backed Gull,
Lams niarinus.
Sh.I. SwAiNsoN Birds (1885) 208.
BAAKER, see Balker.
BAAKOOZE, see Backhouse.
BAAKY, see Backie.
BAAL, see Bold.
BAA-LAMB, sb. In gen. use. [be'-lam, ba'-laeni.] A
child's name for a lamb ; sometimes also extended to sheep.
ne.Lan.', nw.Der.i, n.Lin.i, Nhp.', War. (J.R.W.), War.*,
Oxf.i MS. add., Brks.', e.An.* Cmb.i And there's such a heap of
baa-Iambs a-coming down the road. Suf.'
BAAHE, sb. Sh.I. A thin cake of oatmeal hastily
baked or underdone.
Sh.I. (K.I.) S. & Ork.l
BAALONED, see Belloned.
BAALTY-BRAINS, sb. Cor. [bealti-brenz.] A
stupid person.
Cor. (K.H.D.) ; Cor.^ Still in use, but by no means frequent.
BAAM, see Barm.
BAAN, see Boun.
BAARGE, see Barge.
BAAT, see Bout.
BAA-"WAA-BODY, sb. Nhb. A silly or insignificant
person.
Nhb.' Hadavvay ! he's oney a baa-waa-body.
BAAYSTE, see Baste.
BAAZ
[107]
BABBY
BAAZ, sb. Obs. ? Sh.I. A large, fat, clumsy person.
See Barge.
S. & Ork. ' [Not known to our correspondents.]
BAB. sb} Yks. Lan. Chs. War. e.An. [bab.]
1. An infant.
w.Yks. Aw've a little nest misel. An' two young babs. aw'm
pra.id to tell, At's precious too. Hartley Dill. (1868) 18 ; w.Yks.',
ne.Lan.', e.Lan.', War. (J.R.W.^
2. A child's name for a picture of any kind. See Babby.
w.Yks. Hlfx. IVds. Lan. Aw've a book full o' babs, Waugm
Comic Wlioam (1856'!; Lan.^ There's a bab o'er lev [over the
leaf] ; cLan.', Chs.'. e.An.'
[1. Alas, my bab, mj'n innocent, Toivrtcley Myst. (c. 1460)
149. 2. The mg. 'a child's picture' is prob. developed
fr. the mg. ' puppet, doll,' once very common : Babe
that children play w'lih, poiippce, Palsg]
BAB, sb.'^ Lin. A flat-bottomed boat, used for re-
moving the mud from drains. See Babbing.
n.Lin.' The bab or babbing-boat is dragged along, so as to dis-
turb the warp, which is carried by the current into the river Trent.
BAB, v} Sc. (Jam.) To dance.
Fif.
BAB, V? Ayr. (Jam.) To close, to shut.
Ayr. He could na' bab an ee, Train Poel. Rrv. (i8o5) 100.
BAB, sec Bob.
BABA, »)/. Yks. [ba"ba.] A word used as a warning
to children not to touch or taste anything hurtful or dis-
agreeable.
w.Yks. If a child picked up a piece of alum and was about to put
it in his mouth its parent would exclaim, * Ah, babbah I babbah ! it's
babb.ih ! throw it away,' Leeds Merc. Siippl. (July 4, 1891) ; Come
awav, ba-ba ( ILL. V
BABALOOBIES, sb. pi. s.Pem. [babalubiz, baba-
lubiz.] Water-worn limestones used to decorate walls
or houses.
s.Pem. Not the ordinary round or pebble stones ; they are curvi-
linear (WM.M.-) ; (E.L,)
BAB AT THE BO'WSTER, ///;-. Sc. Also written
babity bowster, babbity bowster. An old dance
similar to the 'Cushion Dance' formerly performed at
the close ol festive gatherings, weddings, &c. ; now a kind
of singing-game played by children, sometimes with
a handkerchief instead of a cushion.
Sc The words sung by the company while dancing round the
individual bearing the 'Bowster' were, ' Wha learned you to
dance . . . Bab at the Bowster brawly ? ' to which the ' Bowstcr-
bearer ' replies, ' My mother,' &c. After which, throwing down the
cushion before one of the opposite sex, they both kneel upon it,
and kiss, A'. & Q. (1851) ist S. iii. 45 ; A dance on the hunkers.
Wha learned you to dance Babbity Bowster, Babbity Bowster ?
Chambers Rhymes (1870)36; The verses are sung by children
at their sports in Glasgow. It has degenerated in s.Brit. to the
ordinary ' Drop Handkerchief games of kiss-in-the-ring, Gomme
Gatties ^1894) II,
[The phr. means ' Bob (curtsy) at the bolster.']
BABBING, vbl. sb. Lin. [babin.] The process of
stirring up the deposit of mud in drains by means of
a ' bab,' so that the current sweeps it all away to the
river, and the drains are thus kept clear.
n.Lin.'
Hence Babbing-boat ; see Bab, sb.^
Lin. When a deposit of mud has been carried, by leakage of tidal
water from the Trent, into the land-drains, it is removed by the
process of babbing, for which purpose a babbing-boat is used.
This is a square, (lat-bottomcd boat, provided with boards which
are lowered into the drain and serve as a kind of dam. As the boat
is dragged down towards the river, the mud is stirred up by the
boards and carried into the tideway (A.A.). n.Lin.'
BABBISH, ac/J. Yks. Also written babish n.Yks.'
[babij.l
1. Childish, puerile.
n.Yks.i
2. Weak, helpless, faint.
n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.' I felt babbish enough to be knocked dorwn with
a feather.
[1. Babish, childish. If he soon blush, they call him
a babish and ill brought up thing, Asciiam (Bailey).
Btib, sb.' + -is/i.]
BABBLE, sb.^ e.Yks. [ba'bl.] A leathern bag with
a stone inside, attached to a string. See Babble, f.'
e.Yks.'
[Bable, pegma. Levins Maiiip.; Babulle or bable,
libnlla, pc!;nia, Finiiipt. MLat. pei^iiia is thus described
in 'Catholicon' : /l';;,'-//;^/, ' baculus cum massa plumbi in
summitate pendente, et ut dicit Cornutus tali baculo
scenici ludcbant' (cited in Prompt.).]
BABBLE, sb.' Wm. Yks. Lan. [ba-bl]
1. An idle, foolish story ; gossip.
n.Yks.' Babbles and saunters [auntcrs, q. v.]; n.Yks.', ne.Lan.'
2. A lie.
Wm. Never tell your mother a babble ^B.K.V
3. The noise made by hounds when they give tongue
before being sure of tlie scent.
ne.Lan.'
BABBLE, t'.' Obso/. e.Yks. To go round the village
on the eve of Nov. 5 striking the cottage doors with
a ' babble,' in accordance with an ancient custom.
e.Yks.' Now confined to Ottringhani, Keyingham, and a few
other villages.
Hence Babbling-night, the night of Nov. 4.
e.Yks.'
BABBLEMENT, sb. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lin. [ba'bl-
nient.j Noisy, foolish chatter.
N.Cy.' Nhb.' Thor myckin' sic a babblement 'at ye canna hear
yoisel speak. Cum.' w.Yks.^ Generally used in regard to
children, n L'n.' [Hoi.lowav.]
[Deluded all this while with ragged notions and babble-
ments while they expected worthy and delightful know-
ledge, Milton (Johnson).]
BABB"V, sb. In qcii. dial, use in all the n. counties to
Der. Also in War. Wor. Hrf. Glo. Dev. Cor. [ba-bi,
baebi.]
1. ((71 A baby.
n.Yks. Ah hcv a little babb3' there, Tweddell Cleve/. R/iymes
(1875) 28. w.Yks. Shoo let ma lewk at t'babby, Cudworth
5*c/tr/;fs ( 1 884) 9 ; w.Yks." Lan. A poor little babby fur thi to
tend, Banks Maiif/i. Man (1876) i; Them big eyes o' hers — most
loike a babby's. Burnett Loicric (1877) xi. ne.Lan.', m.Lan.',
Chs.', nw.Dcr.', War. (J.R.W.) Wor. He was blartin away like
a babby. Why John ^Cull. L.L.B.). Hrf.' Dev. Jinny Parr's
babbies ... be til twins, Hewett Peas. S/>. (1892) 115.
(b) In coinp. (i) Babby-boilies, food for babies boiled
with milk ; 12) •boody, a bit of broken crockery or glass
used as a plaything by small children ; (3) -clouts, clotliing
or napkins for babies ; (4) -house, an arrangement of
stones or bits of china maclc by children to represent the
ground-plan of a house ; (5I -job, a midwifery case ; (6)
-rags, small bits; (7) -wark, insignificant domgs ; used
sometimes in contempt for things bearing fine names.
(i) Cum., Wm. (M.P.) (2) N.Cy.' Nhb. A whirlwind cam an'
myed a' souse, Like heaps o' babby hoodies, Marshall Snf^s.
(i8i9>4; Nhb.' (3") Ayr. Whamy b.abie-clouts will buy ? Burns,
213, Globe cd. Cum. Linton Lake Cy. (1864^ 296. (4) Nhb.' A
babby-iuiose is made preferably with pieces of china [hoodies] or
shells [chucks]. Dur.'.Wm.', Chs.'^ (.s'Glo. Mun besommat queer
as calls 'er 'way such a night as this. 'Tain't no babby -job. is't? —
'Er'vca-givc that there babby -job up some time now; 'er be t'owld
fur that there, Buckman Darke's Sojoiini (1890) x. (6) Cor."'
(7) Cum., Wm. I M.P.)
2. ((?) A doll, puppet ; any model of the human figure.
Dur. In my childhood porcelain figures, statuettes, dolls, and
even statues, were familiarly called babbies. A house in Monk-
wcarmouth used to be called ' The Babbies ' because of two
statues of h.ivniakers in the garden (W.H.H.); Dur.', Wm.',
ne.Lan.', n.Lin '
(b) In loiiip. (i) Babby-clouts, rags of diflerent colours
given to children to dress their dolls with ; (2) -house,
a doll's house.
(i) Dur.' (2) n.Lin.' Thaay've the grandest ohd babby-hoose
that I iver seed. Parson pla,ajs aboot wi' chech like a bairn wi'
a babby- hoose.
3. ((?) A child's naine for a picture. Sec Bab, .<;/'.'
Dur.' Used in fi/. to denote prints. n.Yks.3, e.Yks.'. w.Yks.'
w.Yks.^ Children, guessing whether there were an illustration on
the next page, would say. ' Babby o'er the I'-af ■ ' n Lin.'
P 2
BABBY-LAKER
[io8]
BACHELOR'S BUTTON
(b) In cotnp. -cards, picture or court cards.
e.Yks.i Babby-cayds.
4. The reflection of oneself seen in the human eye, or
any other small reflecting surface.
li-Lin.' A lady . . . saw some little children gazing intently at a
door-knob of polished brass. She asked what they were doing,
and the reply was, ' 'Pleas'm' we're looking for babbies.'
[2. A baby or puppet that children play with, Robert-
son Pliias. (1693) ; A childs baby, piipiis, pupa, CoLf;s
(16791 ; It was the part of children to fall out about babies.
Bacon //fwrv VII (1622), &A. Lumby, 145. 3. More pleased
with babies in books than children are. Fuller Hist. Camb.
(1655) 39 (N.E.D.). 4. When a young lady . . . Looks
babies in your eyes, Massinger Rcnegado, 11. iv.]
BABBY-LAKER, sb. Yks. [ba-bi-lekar.] One who
entertains foolish speculations.
n.Yks.2
[See word below, and Laker.]
BABBY-LAKIN, sb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. [babi-
lekin, -leksn.] A child's toy ; hence a trifling thing,
a trivialitj'.
Dur.i Wm. & Cum.* Here's baby-laikins, rowth o' speyce,
igo. Wm.i, n.Yks.2 w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Stippl. (July 4, 1891).
[Cp. Baret (1580), s.v. Babie: A laykin babie, puppet,
or trifles given to children, Craepinidia. Poiipee on
pe/ites clioses donnes aiix enfants. Babby (sb.) + lakin (sb.),
q.v.]
BABBY-LAKIN, vbl. sb. Playing with pictures,
drawing for amusement. Cf babby, sb. 3.
w.Yks. 3 A boy seeing his tutor teaching Euclid with diagrams,
expressed his idea of the study by remarking ' Its babby lakin'
yon ! '
BABES-IN-THE-CRADLE, phr. Wil. Scrophularia
aqiiatica, or Water Figwort.
Wil.i
BAB-HOUSE, sb. Yks. Lan. [ba-b-as, ba-b-es.]
1. A child's toy-house.
w.Yks. (S.P.U.)
Hence Bab housing, child's play, nonsense.
Lan. To owd Sam wi' th' French Revolution, and o' sich like
bab-heawsin, Brierley Irkdale (1865) 14.
2. Applied in contempt to any ugly, useless, clumsy thing
made by hand.
w.Yks. (S P.U.)
BABIES' SHOES, s6. Wil. Ajiigareptans, or common
Bugle.
Wil. Babies' Shoes is a quaint fanciful name for the Bugle, Sarum
Dioc. Gaz. (Jan. 1890) 6; WiLi
BAB-NET, see Bob-net.
BABY, see Babby.
BABY-BOT, sb. Yks. The Lady-bird, Cocdndla
septeiiipiiiictata. Also called Coo-lady, Lady-cow.
n.Yks.2 The small scarlet black-spotted field beetle.
[See Bot]
BACCARE, sb. War. A boy's game.
War.2 The players, at the call ' Baccare ' of their leader, leave
sanctuary, and attempt to cross a certain space to another sanc-
tuary. The space is guarded by a boy who may make as many
prisoners as he can, and these must mount guard with him. The
guard has various tricks to induce the leader, or one of the party,
to give the starting word : e. g. [to the question] ' What does your
father smoke ? ' an unwary boy would reply ' Bacca,' and perhaps
get one of his party caught.
[The exclamation Baccare.' means 'back ! stand back ! '
and is found not unfrequently in the dramatists and other
writersof the i6th and 17th cents. Backare, quoth Mortimer
unto his sow, Camden Rem. (1636)293 ; Baccare ! you are
marvellous forward, Shaks. T. Shrew, 11. i. 73; Both
trumpe and drumme sounded nothing for their larum
but • Baccare, Baccare ! ' Golden Aphroditis (i^n) (Hall.).]
BACCOBOLTS, sb. pi. LW. Typha latifolia, or
common bulrush.
I.W. So called from the spikes resembling a roll of tobacco.
[See Bolt.]
BACH-, see Bauch-. Baugh-.
BACHAL, sec Bauchle.
BACH(E,s6. Yks. Chs. Der. Won Som. Also written
bage w.Yks.2 Der.^ ; batch Wor. Som. [batf, bsetj.]
1. A river or stream ; the valley through which a stream
flows.
Chs 1 There is a small piece of water near Chester called the
' Bache Pool ' ; and at Rainow there is a spot called the ' Black
Patch,' or ' Black Batch,' through which a dark and deep stream
flows. Prob. only used in place-names. Chs.^ Cf. Sandbach,
n.Wor. Several fields are called Batch (e.g. Little Batch) in the
neighbourhood of St. Kenelm's valley (J.W.P.).
2. A ditch, or a sunk fence with a ditch, dividing one
field from another.
w.Yks.2
3. A flat piece of ground, usually moorland.
w.Yks.2 A tract of moorland between Dore and Hathersage is
called Bage. Der.^, nw.Der.^
4. A sand-bank or small hill lying within, or near a
river.
Som. Hervey Wedmore Chron. (1887) I. 116; (J.S.F.S.) ; In
the names Churchill-batch, Chelvey-batch, W. & J. Gl. (1873).
5. Camp, (i) Duck-batches, land trodden by cattle in
wet weather ; (2) Emmet-batch, an ant-hill.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (,18731.
[Blostrede forth as bestes ouer baches and hulles
(bankes and hilles, b ; valeyes and hulles, a), P. Plowman
(c.) VIII. 159. — The word has never been much used
except as forming the second element in place-names.
Cou-bache me clipede jiis valej'e, St. Kenelm (c. 1305)
244 ; Under f>e }>orn of Coubage, ib. 289 (Matzner). OE.
bcec, see Kemble Cod. Dipt. III. 380.]
BACHELL, see Bauchle.
BACHELOR, sb} Irel. Wor. e.An. Dor. Nfld.
1. An admirer, suitor.
Ir. I hard thim — Molly Magee wid her batchelor, Danny O'Roon,
Tennyson T^o-hioitojc (1885J ; Commonly used in this sense (J. B.).
2. Used as title.
e.An.' Elderly single men of a better rank are mostly so styled.
3. Used attrib. in contp. (i) Bachelor-bird, (2) -finch,
the chaffinch ; (3) -man, an unmarried man ; (4) -woman,
a spinster.
(i) Wor. Bachelor-bird, the chaffinch, so called because the
females leave in November and the males remain, Wor. Jrn. (Mar.
3, 1888). (2) [The bright bachelor-finch stands out from his
pure setting, and the Daws look black against the snow, Watson
Nature and iydera/t.(i8go)x\.^ (3^Dor. Did ye know en, shepherd
— a bachelor-man ? Hardy Madding Crowd {i8-]4) viii. (4) [Nfld.
Bachelor woman is common, spinster being unknown i,G. P. ).]
[1. Broom-groves, Whose shadow the dismissed
bachelor loves, Shaks. Temp. iv. i. 67.]
BACHELOR, sb.^ Yks. A stone slate 27I inches long.
w. Yks. (T. H. H. ) ; A bachelor may be any width (J.F.) ; (H.V.)
BACHELOR COAL, sb. Sc. (Jam.) Dead coal which,
instead of burning, turns white in the fire.
BACHELOR'S BUTTON, s*.
1. Applied to many plants having a round or button-
shaped flower: (i) the double garden variety of ^c/»7/c(T
plarmica (Nhp.) ; (2) Aqiiilegia vnlgaris, common Colum-
bine (Wil.) ; (3) the flower-heads of Arctium lappa,
Burdock (Dev.) ; (4) the double variety of Bellis peremtis,
Daisy (Lin. Shr.) ; (5) Centaurea cyamis, blue Cornflower
(Yks. Der.) ; (6) Centaurea nigra (Irel.) ; (7) Centaurea
scahiosa (Glo.) ; (8) Corchonts japonica (Wil.); (9) Coty-
ledon umbilicus (Dev.); (10) Geranium lucidum, shining
Crane's Bill (Lan.); (11) Geranium robertianum (Sus. Dev.);
(12) Lychnis diunia, red Campion (Cum. Yks. Lan. Nhp.
War. Wor. Suf. Ess. Ken. Sus. Dev.) ; (13) Lychnis flos-
cuculi. Ragged Robin (Sus.) ; (14) Lychnis vespertina,
white Campion (Yks. Sus.) ; (15) Pyrethrum parthenimn.
Feverfew (Wm. Nrf ) ; (16) the double variety of Ranun-
ctdus acris, meadow Crowfoot (Cum. Lin. Lei. Oxf Mid.) ;
(17) Scabiosa arvensis, field Scabious (Glo. Brks. W^il.
Som. Dev.) ; (18) Scabiosa succisa. Devil's bit (Glo. Hmp.) ;
(19) Stellaria holostca, common Stitchwort (Bck. Suf.);
(20) Trollius europaeus, Globe flower (Glo. Cor.); (21) a
small rose (Lin.).
_(i) Nhp.' So called from tlie resemblance which the numerous
and closely set petals bearto a neatly worked button. Bachelor's
BACH RAM
[109]
BACK
buttons were formerly supposed to exercise a secret influence
over the fortunes of rustic lovers. (3") Dev.' The burrs or flower-
heads of the common Burdock ; called also Beggars' or Cuck-
holds' buttons. (4^ Shr. When flowrets cluster round the parent
blossom, the name Bachelors' button gives place to that of Hen-and-
chickens. (;8) Wil.i (12) w.Yks.^, ne.Lan.', Wor. (J.W.P.) (16)
Cura.' (17^1 Brks.i, Wil.l (19) Bck., Snf. Also called Shirt-buttons,
from its button-like capsules. (20) Glo.iS.S.B.), Cor.* (21) n.Lin.'
2. Cotiib. (i) Little Bachelor Button, Geiaiiiitm Robcrli-
amiin (Sus.) ; (2) Red—, Lychnis diiinia (War. Suf.) ;
(3) "White — , Lychnis vespcrtina (Wan) ; Rammcniiis
aconilifo/iiis (Ayr) ; (4) Yellow — , the double-flowered
variety of Ranunculus acris (Ayr).
(2, 3) War.*
[Now the similitude that these floures {Lychnis ciiunia)
have to the lagged cloath buttons anciently worne in this
kingdome gaue occasion to our gentlewomen ... to
call them bachelours buttons, Geraude (ed. 1633) 472 ;
Thereby I saw the batchelors' buttons, whose virtue is
to make wanton maidens weepe when they have worne
it forty weekes under their aprons for a favour, Greene
Quip for an Upstart Comlier [1620) (Naues); Bassinets,
the flower Crowfoot, . . . that wliich we call Batchelors
buttons is one (the double one) of them, Cotgr.]
BACHRAM, sb. ? Obs. Sc. (Jam.)
Dmf. A bachram o' dirt, an adhesive spot of filth ; what has
dropped from a cow on a piece of hard ground.
BACK, si.' Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. Eng. and Colon.
1. The rear, or hind part of anything, as in coinp. Chimney-
back. Fire-back.
Dor. Chimnej-back, the back part of a grate or the adjoining part
of a chimney ; in everyday use iH.J.M.") ; Fire-back, the ornamental
large cast-iron plate which was placed against the masonry of the
chimney: obsol. (/i.) [Aus., N.S.W. Back-country is that portion
of a run which lies farthest from the frontage, i.e. the lands
remote from all visible means of subsistence for flocks and herds,
as far as water was concerned, Boldrewood Colon. Refomur
(1890 1 III. x.wii ; The herd had spread itself by degrees over the
wide plains of ' the back,' as well as over the broad river flats and
green reed-beds of 'the frontage,' ib. Squatter (1890) iii.]
2. The back premises or courtyard ; cf. backside.
Gall. The mistress had been up an' aboot frae seven, an' had
the bairns a' washt an' dresst, an oot at the back, Crockett
Siickit Min. (1893) 128.
3. In wrestling : a fall, as in phr. to sell one's back.
Dev. Down he crashed, but turned in falling, so that the back
was doubtful. . . . The umpires gave award ..." We allow it true
back, for Cornwall,' Blackmore Palycioss (1894") xxxv. Cor.^ A
wrestler who has bargained not to win. is said to have ' sold his
back' [s. v. Fagot]; Cor.* A wrestler who sells his back receives
money in a competition in consideration cf which he allows his
opponent to throw him.
4. Of a mineral vein : the upper surface.
Cor.2 Back of the lode, that part of it which is uppermost or
nearest to the surface of the earth.
5. The outermost boards from a sawn tree.
n.Sc. In common use. Loon, yoke the mare, an gyangt' the saw-
mill for a lade o' backs (W.G.) ; (Jam.) Abd. Backs are also
known here as slabs (W.M.).
6. A support or protection to a growing hedge.
Hrt. [The short thorn forms an] inside back, or outside back
[to a hedge], and saves the quick, Ellis Mod. Hush. (1750) 1. 97.
7. A party, following of supporters ; cf. backing, sb.' 1.
Sc.The most part had returned home . . . [the rest] would have
staid with a thin back [small following], Guthry Memoirs (1747)
28 i.Iam.); He's sure to win throuvv, for he hiz a gueede back
(W.G.V Per.iG.W.) [Aus., N.S.W. He's got another good back,
though he don't know it, Boldrewood Colon. lie/ornicr^iSgo) 111.
xxiv. ]
8. In phr. (1) bad o' backs, behind one' shack; (2) back 0/
my hand to you, phr. implying contempt or rejection ; (3)
on the back of, of time : after, later than ; (4) to be the bad!
of an old tradesman, aiiisan, Gr-'c, to have once practised
that calling, esp. of one who has since changed his occupa-
tion for the better ; also of things : to be worn out, to
have seen better days ; (5) to l>e never off a person s back, to
watch and correct him continually ; (6) to make a person's
back, to do him a benefit.
(i) Com. It wasn't fair to speak this way back o' backs. Burn
Fireside Crack (1886) 19. (2) Sc. (Jam.) Per. The back of my
han' till her [1 have jilted her, cast her olT] (G. W.). Ir. The phr.
' The back of my hand to you,' arises probably from the gesture
of waving one away (A.S.P.). w.Ir. The back o' my hand and the
sowl o' my feet to you. Lover Leg. (1848) I. 170. (3) Sc. (W.G.)
Gall. Lyin' snorin'in j'our bedon thebacko' fiveo'clock! Crockett
Bog-Myttle (1895; 273. (4) n.Sc. That's the back o' a fine horse.
He's jist the back o' fat he ance wiz (W.G.). Abd. He's the back
of an auld farmer (Jam.). Per. ' Sma' thanks to him,' said a neigh-
bour of a farmer, who had made a good job of mending a door,
'he's the back of an auld joiner ' (G.W.). (5) N.I.' I'm never ofif
his back. (6) w.Hrf. A', (p- Q. (1870 4th S. viii. 396.
0. With prep, up in phr. (1) of the back : to be up, (2) to
get, have, set one's back up, to be angry, provoked ; (3) to
get, put, set another person's back up, to provoke, arouse.
(i) Sc. Weel, Nelly, since my back is up, ye sail tak down the
picture, Scott Konan (1824) iii; [The phr. 'back up'] evidently
refers toananimal.andesp. toacat,that raises its spine, and bristles
up the hair, in token of defiance, or when about to attack its
adversary (Jam.). w.Yks.' Nhp.' His back's up. Oxf. Baxup
[5((r]iK.). Hnt. (T.P.F.) (2I Cum.' Wm.' Now, thou needn't set
thy back oop ! Not.' n.Lin.' You've yer back up to-daay like
a peggy otchin goin' a crabbin' [Hedgehogs are believed to carry
crab-apples to their haunts by rolling or falling on them, and
causing the fruit to stick upon their spines]. Lei.', War.^*, Brks.',
e.An.2 (3) Sc. I think I setup herback in a hurry (Jam.\ n.Yks.
That set his b.ick up desperately (,I.W.). ne.Lan.' Lei.* Yo' git
'is back oop, an a'll let 3'or knoo ! Nhp.' I've put his back up.
War. (J.R.W.), War.^*, Wor. (J.W.P.) e.An.» Tlia' got his
back up. CoIIoq. There were others sneering and giving them-
selves airs, and that puts a fellow's back up, Hughes T. Brown
Oxf. (1861) viii ; There was an insolent look about them which set
Tom's back up at once, ib. xix.
10. In phr. A(7C/C' o' bchint, (1) a place in the rear or behind ;
the back of; (2) an utterly remote spot, also atlrib. ; cf.
back o' beyont; (3) behindhand, tardy, late ; (4) of slow
intellect. See Aback.
(i) Yks. Come away round here I a've found a way to t'back
o' behint, where belike its not so well fenced, Gaskell Sylvia
(1863) II. i.x. Stf.2 Oi 'eer as owd Jimmy Johnson's gone jed,
'im as lived at th' back o' behind Teelor's farm. (2) Chs.' A house
in a very secluded part of Mobberlcy was always spoken of as
a very back o' behint place; Chs.* (3) Chs.' Oh, you're always
back o' behind. (4) Chs.'
11. In phr. back o' beyond, (1) far away bej'ond all ken,
a remote, obscure place, ' ultima Thule ' ; (2) very far
behindhand ; also attrib. Sec Aback.
(I) Sc. Whirl'd them .iwa to the back-o-beyont. to look at the
old Roman camp, Scott Anlii/nary (1816) ii. Lnk. The engine
will rill away wi' us to thebacko' beyond, Fraser IVhaups (1895)
XV. e.Lth. Mony's the time I'm suir I wushed them a' at the
back o' beyont. Hunter J. Inwict (1895) 124. Edb. Like an
auncient hermit far aw.iy among the hills, at the back of beyont,
MoiR Man sie IVaucli (1828)35. Gall. I come from the Back o'
Beyont, Crockett Bog-Myillc ^18951 291. Ir. Same as if thc'd
set out from the back o' beyant. Barlow Bog-land (1892) 4.
Nhb.i Wm.i Back-a-bcyont, whaar t'meer fooalt t'fiddler. e.Yks.'
w.Yks. Back o' beyond. A farm near Hebden-Brid.ge bears this
name, Hlf.r. Wds. ; I's bin back o' beyond. Banks Wooers (1880)
III. II ; w.Yks.' (2) n.Lin.'
12. Contp. (i) Back-bar, a horizontal bar in an open
fire-place, on w-hich tlie kettle is hung ; (2) -bit, a sheep's
ear-mark ; (3) -brae, a bank at a distance from the house ;
(4) -burden, a load borne on the back ; (5I -can, a milk-can
made for carrying on the back knapsack-fashion in hilly
country ; (6) -chain, a chain passing over a horse's back,
and supporting the shafts of the cart ; (7) -faulds, fields at
a distance from the farm-house ; cf. back-brae ; (8) hood,
the back of the fire or chimney ; (9) -jouster, an itinerant
fish-dealer who carries the fish in a cawal or basket on
his back ; (10) -load, -loaden, to overload a cart so that
the w^eight presses on the horse's back; a\%ofig.; (11)
-place, a washhouse ; cf. back-house; (12) -setter, (13)
-shaft, sec below; (14) -skin, a leather covering worn as
a protection against wet, &c. ; (15I -slamming, see below ;
(16) -sweat, the warmth caused by beating the back;
(17) -theeaker.-theeaking, clothing, 'thatch' tor the back;
(18) -tree, the leather strap placed across the back of a
BACK
[no]
BACK
trace-horse ; (19) -trees, the joists in a cot-house or cottage ;
(20) -wecht, a burden, weight ; (21) -wechted, burdened,
weighed down; also /,^. ; (22) -wind, a wind blowing to
one's back.
(i) Dev. The back-bar is an iron bar fixed inside the chimney,
stretching from side to side, to support the bar-crooks, Hewett
Peas. Sp. 1,1892V (2) Sc. (A.W.) Cld. Back-bit. a nick in the
form of the letter V cut out of the back part of a sheep's ear; cf.
Aux-bit (Jam.). (3) Bwk. A few green allers that he cut or broke
in liis back brae below Kaeta-Cleugh, Henderson Pop. Rhymes
(18561 86. (4) n.Yks.i (5) w.Yks. When the kye are feeding up i'
t'Far Pastoor, they are milked at the High Lathe, and as that is
some 600 feet above the house he takes the back-can, Lucas Stud.
Nidderdale {c. 1882') 31. (6) -w.Som.i The middle part [of the back-
chain] is made of flat twisted links. It is no part of the harness,
but is always fixed at one end, to the off or right shaft. It is
hooked on to a back-crook [a crook sliding upon a rod of iron,
fixed to the near, or left, shaft of a cart], when it has been passed
across the cart-saddle. (7) Abd. They've been makin' bonny wark
i' the back-faulds, Alexander Johnny Gibb (1871) xv. (8) Der.i
(9') Cor. Not in common use (M.A.C.); In gen. use at Newlyn about
half a century ago (F.W.M.) ; Cor.^ ; Cor.^ This term is found at
Mousehole, but is apparently purely local, not extending even as far
as Newlyn, nor known in fishing villages of e.Cor. ( 101 Abi. That
horse is back-loaded [when there is too much weight on the horse's
back]. Ye're back-loadenin' yer cart, my man i^G.W.). Lth. The
funeral expenses often seriously backloaded poor widows and
orphans, SrRATHESK More Bils (ed. 1885) 242. (11) s.Oxf. The
cottage has one good-sized room below, a back-place or wash-
house, and two bedrooms above, Rosemary Chillems (,1895) 13.
(12) Nhp.' Back-setter, a stick or piece of wood placed outside
the back of a slaughtered animal ; each end of the stick being
inserted into a slit, for the purpose of keeping the bod3' open
and extended. War.2 (13) Nhb. & Dur. Back-shaft, the part
of a shaft bratticed off for an air-shaft, or pumping-shaft, Nichol-
son Coal Ti: Gl. (i888~i. (14) Nhb.i A back skin was worn by a
putter's ' foal ' [assistant] as a protection when he had to thrust
back against a loaded corf in its descent of an incline in a pit.
Nhb. & Dur. The back-skin is fastened in front with crossed
straps; it is used in sinking and shaft -work, as a protection fiom
the falling water. Old gig aprons make good back-skins. Green-
well Coal Tr. Gl. (1888:. ne.Lan.i 'Worn by fishermen. (15)
Lan. In back-slamming the offender is swung against a door, or
wall, by two or more persons, who hold him, face upwards, by the
arms and legs, and thus turn him into a sort of battering ram,
Harland & Wilkinson Leg. (1873) 175. ',16) n.Yks.^ I'll gie
thee a back-swceat. (17) n.Yks.^ A rare back-theeaker [a thick
great coat]. (181 Oxf.i (19) Rxb. (Jam.^i Per. (20) He's sair
liauden down wi' a back-wecht o' naething [handicapped by
poverty] (^G.W.) ; f2i) I'm sair backvvechted wi' her ijb.). Lth.
A hard-workin', well-meanin' man, but sair back- wechted for want
o' cash, Strathesk More Bits (,ed. 1885") 154. Edb. Back-wechted
is occasionally used by Gillmerton carters (j.W. M.). (221 [A face
or back-wind signifies little in sowing time, Lisle Husbandry
(1757') s.v. Wind.]
BACK, ab.^ Som. The name given in Bristol to a
strip of wharfage, from a quarter to half a mile in length.
Som. This name occurs several times in the older parts of Bristol,
as in Welsh Back, Redcliife Back, Temple Backs, St. Augustine's
BackQ.R.B.); (F.W.L.)
BACK, sb.^ Chs. 'War. Pern.
1. A hill.
s.Pem. Laws Ltttle Eitg. (1888) 419.
2. A ridge of land, thrown up out of a ditch, upon which
a hedge is planted.
Chs.i Back, also called a cop ; Clis.^ They grow on dry backs.
■War. (J.R.W.")
[1. Prob. the ridge of a hill ; cp. Lat. dorsum, a back of
a man or beast, also a ridge or side of a hill.]
BACK, A-/).* Nhb. Dur. A diagonal parting or fissure
in a coal-Ream, where the strata are not dislocated.
N.Cy.' Nhb. Where he was buffin' [labouring] at a back As hard
as whinstone, Wilson Pitman's /^ny (1843) 27 ; A back or knowe
sometimes 'tis true Set down maw top wi' ease eneugh, ib. 33 ;
Nhb.* Back, a slippery division in the coal scam, extending from
the thill [fioor] to the roof, Mitn'ng Gl. (1852). Nhb. & Dur. At a back
there is frequently a glossy parting, and sometimes a little sooty
dirty coai. When, on approaching a back, it is observed to form
an acute angle with the thill of the seam, it is called an east back;
when it forms an obtuse angle, a weft back. As there is rarely
anything to indicate a back, and as there is little or no cohesion
between its faces, the coal often unexpectedly falls away and
causes accident, Greenwell Coal Tr. Gl. (1849) ^<1' 1888.
BACK, sb.^ Sc. 'War.
1. A wooden vessel for carrj'ing fuel, &c. See Backie,
Backet.
Sc. After narrowly escaping breaking my shins over a turf back
and a salting tub, Scott JRob Roy ^1817) xxviii. Per. Used here
only in the expression * put on a back o' fire' [a backetful of fuel]
(G. VV.). Rxb. Back, a wooden trough for carrying fuel 'Jam.).
2. A large vat for cooling liquors. In gen. use.
Sc. Backs are used professionally both by brewers and distillers
throughout the countrj' 1 J.M.\ Abd. A tub or back in the under
floor of the brewery, Calcdon. Mere. (Dec. 14, 1815) (Jam.). War.^
3. A vessel or bowl for kneading dough.
Sh.I. (K.I.) S.&Ork.i
4. Comp. Salt-back, a vessel for holding salt. Also
called Salt -backet, q.v.
Sh.I.(K.L)
[Fr. hac, ' auge, cuve en usage dans certaines professions
pour la maceration du houblon, la clarification du sucre,
etc.,' Hatzfeld ; Bac, an open vessel of copper, and full
of water, for wine-pots to stand in at meal-times, Cotgr.
OFr. bac, ' cuve en pierre pour recevoir I'eau de pluie,'
GoDEFROY (CotitpL). The word is found in the sense
of tub, vat, trough, in LG. dials.; cp. MLG. hak
(ScHiLLER-LuBBEN), EFfis. bok (Koolman), Du. bak
(Kluyver).]
BACK, 5^.^ Sc. (Jam.) An instrument for toasting bread.
Sc. The back resembles a girdle in form ; but it is much thicker,
and made of pot-metal.
[Prob. the same as bake, vb. ; cp. back- in comp., as in
backhouse, backsloiie.]
BACK, sb.'' Nhb. Yks. A line used in fishing for
haddocks, &c., at sea.
Nhb.i The back is the principal line to which snoods are spliced,
each snood being attached to a hook by a hair line. n.Yks. In
this distiict the term ' back' applies to the loops fastened to the
line carrying the cork and bladder buoys, which serve to join
any number of nets the fisherman may wish to cast from his craft.
Generally called back bands :,G.W.W,).
BACK, adj., adv. and prep. 'Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel.
Eng.
1. adj. Of the seasons : late, backward.
Wm. Hay wes a faer crop considcran t'back spring. Spec. Dial.
(1885 pt. iii. 39.
2. Old-fashioned, ancient, belonging to bygone times;
cf backward.
s.Chs.' s. V. Backward.
3. adv. Backward ; behindhand, late.
Cum. Willie Mains was a little back with his ploughing, Daley
Alavivyd (ed. 1888) I. 73. Wm.* Haytime's back this yeear.
T'lilc an's varra back at walkin.
4. Coiiifi. Back-bred.
Com.' Back-bred, bred late in the season or year.
5. In compar. and superl. : further or furthest back.
ne.Lan.i Backer, Backst. War.(J.R.W. ) Wor. He corn't goo
no backer, A'. Cr Q. (1878) 5th S. x. 10. Hrf. Duncumb Hist. Hrf.
(1804). Glo.»
6. In phr. (i) back and fore, backwards and forwards,
also attrib. ; (2) back and forrat {/arret), backwards and
forwards ; (3) back and to, to and from ; (4) back O,
backwards ; (5) /o be back of, to be behind ; (6) to go back
of, see below ; (7) back up, in return.
(i) Sc. (Jam.) ; Hand, mind your skirt on yon auld nail ! My
ain's a' fair in bits wi't, gaun back and fore, Roy Horseman
(1895') vii. w.Som.i Back and fore suU, a ' two-way sull,' a plough
made to turn a furrow at will either to the right or left ; called
also a ' voreand back sull.' (2^ e.Ltb. There she sat rockin hersel
back an' forrat, Hunter/. Inwick (1895') 203. Lan. Then back an
forrct o' owr t'land, Harland & Wilkinson Flk-Lore (18671 ^°-
131 Chs.i (4) Lan. Hoo'd o gwone bak O in o scutter aw'm
welley shure, Ormerod Fell ey fro Rachde (1864) v. (51 Nhb.i He
wis back o' the enginehoose at the time. (6) Myo. Only this day
has the Lord seen fit to spare you from a terrible death ; and yet
you dare to go back of His mercy with your angry passion. Stoker
Snake's Pass (1891) iii. (7) Wor. I've wrote a letter back up to
cr, and I 'onders [wonders] I an't 'eerd again (H.K.).
BACK
[III]
BACK-A
7. Comp. (i) Back-alley, a backward stroke in a game
of marbles ; (2) -answer, a retort; cf. back-talk; (3)
•bargain, the reversal of a previous bargain ; cf back-
swap ; (4) -ca', a call commanding a person to return ; a
relapse in illness; a misfortune; (5) -come, -coman,
a return ; offood: to' repeat,' return; (6) -draucht,agasp,
esp. of the convulsive breathing of a child with whooping
cough; (7) -drawer, an apostate, obs.i; (8) -ends, the
refuse of corn ; (9) -fa', the side sluice or outlet of a mill-
dam ; (10) -fling, a relapse during illness ; (11) -handed,
underhanded, deceitful ; (12) -hap, to draw back from an
engagement ; (13) -happen, a mental reservation ; (14)
-knock, a relapse during illness ; (15) -look, a retrospect,
a record of the past ; (i6j -money, see below ; (17) -name,
a surname; (18) -rent, sec below; (19) -sight, a back
view; (20) -stang, see below; (21) -stream, a channel
to carry oft" surplus water; (22) -swap, to cry olTa bar-
gain ; also as sb. ; (23) -talk, saucy replies to a superior ;
(24) -thrust, a relapse during illness ; (25) -vage, the
homeward voyage ; (26) -wash, (27) -week, see below ;
{28) -went, going away, on the way back.
(i) Oxf.' In a game of marbles, if the taw strike some substance
and in the rebound knock a marble out of the ring, it is called
back-alley, and is not fair winning, MS. add. (a) s.Wxf. They
set to callin' names an' givin' back answers for half an hour,
Fenian Nights in Shamrock Mag.'^iQgj^^ 454. n.Yks. Back answers,
saucy replies from an inferior (I.W.)- (3') s.Chs.* ' Noo back-
bargains,' said by one who has accomplished an advantageous
exchange. (^^ n.Sc. (,W.G.) Per. You called me back, but I paid
no heed to the back-ca' (G. W.). (5) Sc. An ill back-come, an un-
fortunate return : used when an unlucky accident has happened to
a person who has been from home (Jam. ). n.Sc. (W.G.) (6) Abd.
'I'he bairn hes the kinkhost, an' a terrible backdraucht wi't (W. M.\
Fif. He was whaslin like a blasted stirk i' the backdraught (Jam.).
(7) Such back-drawers and turners-aside, M'Ward Coittendittgs
(1723) 89 (Jam.). (8) Yks. Take linseed, linseed cake, and back
ends of wheat, and grind them all together, Knowlson Cattle
Doctor (1834) 127. ne.Yks.' Ah wants sum backends for t' chicken.
(9) Per. Back-fa', the outlet for the by-wash or spend-water when
the mill is turned off (G.W.). Edb. (J.M.) Rxb. Through the back-
fa' the water runs when the mill is set, or when the water is turned
off the wheel (Jam.). (10) Cum.i n.Yks.* (I i) Som. I don't
like zuch back-handed ways, Raymond Gent. Upcott (1893) 132.
(12) Sc. (Jam.) (13) w.Yks. ' No backhappens' [you must keep
j'our word literally] is said by boys when playing at ' taws ' (J.T.);
An artful child will promise another to do some obnoxious task
in this manner : ' Ah'll dew it ' (said aloud) ' happen ' (said men-
tally only, and thus unheard by the one to whom the promise
is made). When charged with not fulfilling the task the child
will repl3', ' Abbut, ah said "happen" low dahn,' /.rerfi- Merc.
Sitppl. (July II, 1891). (14) n.Yks.2 (isl Cum. The Todhunters
had not quite such a steady name nor such a backlook as the
Postlethwaites, Linton Silken Thread{i88o) 259. Wra.' The term
back-look is mostly employed in cases of disaster with reference to
the retrospect of better times. Aa! nobbet to think of him afore:
what a back-luik it is I (16) Lan. Back-money, in the Southport
tailors' dispute, money retained by the employer owing to a doubt
as to whether the men were entitled to it, until the question
was settled by arbitration, Gl. Lab. (1894"). (17J Lan. Ah newer
know'd jus'ly what wur Sam's back noaum. Happen he had
noan He wur alius caw'd Sam o' th' Fowt i' th' villige. His fay-
thur's noaum afore he wur wed wur Bill Blister, but uv cooarse
that's nowt to goo by, New Wkly. (Jan. 5, 1895) 7. (18) Bwk.
The rent . . . did not become due till . . . twenty months after
entry ; this mode of payment was technically called back-rent, as
the rent was alwaj'S considerably in arrear..<-/^'r»c. Surv. I4o(Jam.).
(19) n.Yks.2 I nobbut gat back-sceght on him [I only saw him with
his back turned]. e.Yks.'Ahjust gat a back-sect on him as he went
alang. (20) w.Yks. Back-stang, the beam over which the warps are
drawn in dressing, (ai) w.Som.' To every water-mill there is
necessarily a back stream, to carry off the surplus water. The
leat [water-course] and the back stream are as indispensable as the
waterwheel itself. (2a) n. & e.Yks. Used chiefly by schoolboys.
There is nearly always an actual 'swopping' in the case : e. g. a boy
exchanges a knife for a toy pistol and if he thinks the other may
cry off the bargain he shouts ' No backswaps.' The word could
not be used if the boy actually sold his knife for cash (R.S.\
w.Yks. Backswap is common, esp. among boys (M.F.). Slang.
' Then it's agreed ?'...' Yes, no backswaps,' Foihercill Level -
Ao«s« (1888) ii. (a3~)N.I.> Via. Ulster Jm. Arch. {ii$^)Vl. ^i. (s^-)
n.Yks.* (25) ib. Back-vage. (26) Wm. Back-wash or wesh is the
water that, after (lowing over the mill-wheels, rebounds underneath
it before flowing away down the race (B.K.). (27) w.Yks. Some
employers of labour keep one week's wage from each operative.
This is called the back-week, and prevents him from leaving his
employment without giving due notice S.K.C). (28) Sus.' I only
saw him backwent [as he was going away from me].
BACK, V. In var. dial, and coUoq. uses in Sc. and Eng.
[bak, baek.]
A. sb. used as v.
1. To mount, ride on a horse.
Lan. The beast has na' been ridden sin ye backed her on Friday,
RoBY Trad. (1872) I. 292.
2. To carry on the back or shoulder.
Ken. Then what is your work?— Oh, I back coal (D.W.L.); If
a farmer bought some hop-poles in a wood close to a road, he
would stipulate with the vendor that the latter should have it
backed out to the road (I'.M.).
3. To beat, thrash ; alsoy?^. to conquer.
n.Dev. Grose (1790I MS. add. C.) ; I'll back en 'vore es buoys,
Rock Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 118. Dev.3 I'll bak thee ef thee dis-
sent urn. I can dii't 20 well's 'e, I wunt let 'e bak me.
4. To fill in the space behind the rings of cribbing in
a pit-shaft. Sec Backing, sb.^ 4.
Nhb.' The sinking was cribbed and backed, and then walled,
Borings (1881) 10.
5. Of a letter : to write the address.
Sc. (Jam.) Frf. He had written a letter to David Alexander
and wanted me to ' back' it. Barrie Tbntins (1889) ix.
Hence Backing, vbl. sb. the act of writing an address ;
Backit, ppl. adj. (Jam.) addressed.
Abd. It was not the mere writing that dismayed him, it was the
backin', Alexander Johnny Gibb (1871) xiv. Sc. An ill-backit
letter.
6. Fig. To Stake or wager in support of an affirmation,
to bet. In gen. colloq. use.
War. I'll back you won't (M.D.H.). ne.Wor. That farm don't
pay, I'll back (J. W. P.). Oxf.' Um bee gaun lu Naur-luuy, uuyl
bak ! fuur uuy sin um goa buuy uuwr top gyet" ['Em be gone
t'Nor'ligh, I'll back ! for I sin 'em go by our top gate]. w.Som.'
Aa*l baak dhai bae'un aum vore twuulv u-klauk u nait [I'll bet
they will not be at home before twelve o'clock at night].
7. Phr. (i) to back on, {2) to back out, to urge, support,
egg on ; (3) to back up, to support, in gen. use ; hence
backed up, in good circumstances.
(i) n.Lln.' His muther backs him on in iverything he duz. (2)
We'll back him out (I.W.). (3) Ctis.' He's rarely backed up.
B. adv. used as v.
1. Of a deer, &c. : to run back on the same track.
w.Som.^ If a deer has gone to water shortly after passing through
a wood, it not unfrequently happens that the cunning animal has
merely soiled when he entered the stream, and then backed it on
his foil, and laid fast in the covert, Collvns Chase of the IVild
Red Deer, 137.
2. To change, alter.
GIo.^ Back your fancy, to change your mind, alter your opinion.
3. To keep down or under, to retard ; cf backen. In
phr. to back-down, to ignore, to treat as of no account.
n.Yks.' T'doctor did all he could to back t inflamation ; bud
t'vvarn't te neea use. That fit o' caud weather jest afore Mayday
backed t'grass strangely. Lan. The Government cannot back-down
Chamberlain (S.W.).
4. In phr. to back out, (i) to retreat from a bargain or
engagement ; (2) to draw back, pull away.
(I) w.Yks. Banks ll'kjld. IVds. (1865). Lan. iS.W.") n.Lln.'
He boht th' taaties at five an' twenty pund an .lacre. but th' markit
dropp'd, an' soa he tried to back-oot. Nlip.', War.^ Oxf.' MS.
add. (2) Yks. Tliay pulled an' thay screwed an' t'parson tried
to back oot his hecad, but it wur all te neea use, Specimens
Dial. (;i879) 18.
[A. 1. To put his horse to be back'd, Equum domitori
tradere, Walker Idiom. (1680) ; To back a horse, Equum
conscendcir. To back a horse at first, Equum doinarc.
Coles (1679); That roan shall be my throne. Well,
I will back him straight, Shaks. i lien. IV, 11. iii. 74.]
BACK-A, sb. Cmb.
Cmb.' Back-a, the top part of a pig's head, salted and smoked.
BACKAGRUF
[112]
BACK-BRAYING
BACKAGRUF, sb. Sh. & Or. I. Also written backy-
gruve, bakkagruf, bakkagref Sh.I. A ridge at the
bottom of a peat-bank formed by the surface of the peat-
moss, which is pared off and thrown on the bottom of
the ditch before the peats are dug out.
Sh.I. (K.I.) ; (Co//. L.L.B.) S. & Ork.i
[ON. bakki (in comp. bakka-), a ridge, h&n^+ grof, a pit,
hole dug ; cp. kola-grof, a coal-pit, peat-pit.]
BACK-AISTER, sb. Shr. [bffik-est3(r).] The back
of the grate immediately behind the fire. See Astre,
Shr.i Yo'n got a face as black as the back-aister.
BACK-ALONG, advb. plir. Som. Dev. Cor. Also
written backlong Dev. ; back 'longs Cor. [baek-slor),
baek lor).]
1. Of time : back ; formerly, in the past ; recently,
a little while ago. Cf. first-along.
Dev. I've been zavin' my 'arnings vor a long time back along,
Mortimer Tales Moors (1895) 219 ; 'Twur when I worked vor
Varmer Biddlecombe, he what died back along at Chaggiford
Town, ib. 289 ; Back-along he used to go there two or three
times a week. The phrase [usually] implies a short but indefinite
time past, Reports Provinc. (iSSg). nw.Dev.i Us 'ad a terrible
zight o' rain back-along. Cor. Back 'longs in the summer there
was a pretty good find, Parr Adam and Eve (1880) I. 274 ; Cor.^
Formerly, in olden days, MS. add.
2. Of position : far in the rear, a long way off.
Cor. What eyes you have ! Can you see what time it is by your
watch back-a-long there? (M.A.C.)
3. Of direction: back, homewards, on one's homeward
way.
w.Som.' Kum au'n, Jum ! lat-s zee baewt gwai-n baa-k lau-ng
[come on, Jim! let us see about going homewards]. Dev. I be
gwain zo vur's Holy Well Lake, but I can't stap now, but I'll call
in back-along, Reports Provinc. (1887) 3 ; How long avore yii be a-
gwaine backalong, Bill' Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892'!. nw.Dev.'
Cor.2 MS. add. w.Cor. He went back along home (M.A.C.).
4. Backwards.
Dev. Now, let me cast backlong a minute in me mem'ry, Stooke
Not E.xactly, xi ; Reports Provinc. (1877) 127.
BACK AND EDGE, phr. Cum. Yks. Chs. Der. Not.
Lin. Lei. Nhp. Mid. Sus. Hmp. Aus.
1. In a thorough manner, entirely, completely; cf. hip
and thigh, loolh and nail.
w.Yks. O'U stick to it back an edge, Bywater Shevvild Ann.
(1854) 7. nw.Der.i Not. A've stood up for 'im back and edge ever
sin he come (L.C.M.) ; Not.* n.Lin.* He was beaten backan' edge;
he hedn't a wo"d to saay for his sen. Lei.* A went intew 'im back
an' edge. Nhp.* I gave it him back and edge. Mid. He stood
me out it was so, back and edge, Grose (1790) MS. add. (M.)
[Aus., N.S.W. She stuck to him back and edge till at last he turned
tail, HovDKKViOOT) Sydney-side Sa.xon{i?:gi) viii.]
2. In negative, back nor edge, nothing, ' neither head nor
tail ' ; in no degree.
Cum,* I can mak nought on him, nowder back nor edge. w.Yks.
ril/.x: IVds. ; w.Yks.* Chs.*^ I can make back nor edge of him.
Sus., Hmp. Back ner edge. Cf. Moss nor sand, Head nor tail,
Hollo WAY.
\\. They have engaged themselves ours, back and edge,
Lady Alimony (Nares). 2. I'll have no more to do
with you back nor edge, Behn Dutch Lover (1716) n. iii
(N.E.D.). Here 'back' means the thick edge of a knife,
as opposed to the 'face' or cutting edge. Cp. the phr.
' fall back, fall edge,' that is, at all adventures, let the con-
sequence be what it will, Bailey (s.v. Edge).]
BACKARD, see Backward.
BACK-AS, see Backhouse.
BACK AT THE WA', phr. Sc. In evil or desperate
circumstances, sore beset ; esp. in exile or in hiding to
evade the rigour of the law.
Sc. The term Back at the wa' includes the idea of the neglect with
which one is treated by the generality of those who appeared as
friends during prosperity. It was said of any one who had been
engaged in the rebellion (17451, although remaining in the country,
as long as he [remained in] hiding, that his back was at the wa'
(Jam.) ; Ye hand him aye down, whasc back's at the wa' [in e.xile],
HoGG/acob. Re/. (1819) II. 34 ; O send Lewie Gordon hame. And
the lad I darcna name ! Tho' his back be at the wa', ib. 81. Ayr.
AUho' my back be at the wa', Burns Here's /n's Health in Water.
BACK-BAND, sb. Sc. Dur. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Not.
Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Also written backban' Sc. [bak-
band, ba'k-ban.] A strap or iron chain passing over
the cart-saddle in a groove and supporting the shafts ;
rarely used in pi. Ct. back-chain, -widdie.
Sc. Backban. another name for the backwiddie orrigwiddie (Jam.
Stippl.). Dur.*The back-band is made of a strong iron chain of twisted
links. n.Yks.Thereisasaying'Asstrongasabackband.' Whenused
for light work the backhand is made of leather (W. H.) ; n.Yks.^
e.Yks.* w.Yks. Belted him wi t'backband, Yksman. (Apr. 29,
1877) 1 1 ; Charley even devised a better dodge than this by fasten-
ing the door with a backhand, Cudworth Dial. Sietc/ies (1884)
126 ; w.Yks.*, ne.Lan.* Chs.* A backhand is also called a ridgerth.
nw.Der.*, Not. 2, n.Lin.* Lei.* The back-band passes over the back
of the thiller or shaft-horse. Nhp.*, 'War. (J.R.W.), 'War.a
[A cart sadel, bakbandes and belybandes, Fitzherbert
Hiisb. (1534) 14. Back, sh.^ + band.]
BACK-BEARAWAY, sb. Yks. The bat, Vesperlilio
pipistrclliis. See Backie, sb}
n.Yks. Ah was as wakrife as a backbearaway i' t'gloaming,
Atkinson Maori. Parish (1891) 137 ; n.Yks.2, ne.Yks.* e.Yks.
Marshall /?»>■. Econ. (1796). m.Yks.*
[Back (a bat) + bearazvay. The word hearaway prob.
denotes ' sailing away, floating away,' used gen. of sliips.]
BACK-BIND, sb. Sc. A ' back-band,' q.v.
BnSf.*
BACK-BIRN, sb. Sc. A burden borne on the back ;
aXsofig. ; cf. back -burden.
n.Sc. (Jam.) Abd. And frae this sad back-birn of sorrow free,
Ross Helenore (1768) 23, ed. 1812 ; That's a gey backbirn ye've
gotten (W.M.).
{Back, sh. + him (contracted form of burthen), q.v.]
BACK-BOARD, sb.^ Nhb. Cum. Win. Yks. Lan. Also
written bac-board (K.) ; bakeboard Nhb.*; backboord
Cum.' Wm.* A board used for kneading dough or paste,
esp. for oat-cake ; see Back-brede.
n.Cy. The board on w'^'' they bac or buke [5/f] their clapt-cakes
upon(K.). Nhb.* Cum. (M. P.) ; Thear was muse-deer hworns as
bryad as our back-bvvoard, Boriowdale Lett. (1787) 5, ed. 1866;
Cum.*2 Wm. The housewife sat down on the fluor, with the
back-board on her knees. On this board she laid a piece of
paste, Lonsdale Mag. (1822) III. 325 ; 'Wm.* w.Yks.' A thin board
on which meal is riddled for oat-cake dough. ne.Lan.*
BACK-BOARD, sb.'^ Sh.I. Written backburd. The
larboard of a boat.
S.&Ork.l
[Du. bakboord, the left side of a ship ; OE. bcrcbord.]
BACK-BOARD, sb.^ Sc. Lin. The hind board of
a cart.
e.Lth. A man wha disna ken the trams o' a cairt frae the back-
buird, Hunter J. Inwick (1895) 87. n Lin.*
EACKBODY, sb. Yks. The posteriors ; cf. back-
side, 3.
n.Yks.2
BACKBOTE, v. Lan. Past tense of backbite. See
Bite.
Lan.* They natter't, an' braw'lt, an' backbote ; and played one
another o' maks o' ill-contrive't tiicks, Waugh Barret Organ
(1865) 15.
BACKBOUT, V. ? Obs. Hrt. To draw the plough
backward and forward through land which has been
thrown up into small ridges. See Bout.
Hrt. In March he backbouted the single bout down, Ellis Mod.
Hiisb. (1750) I. i. 74.
Hence Backbouting, vbl. sb.
Hrt. Ellis Pract. Farmer (ed. 1759).
{Back, adv. + bout (sb.), q.v.]
BACK-BRAND, sb. Dor. Som. Also written back-
bran Dor. ; -brawn Som. A log of wood put at the back
of the fire. See Brand.
Dor. On the hearth, in front of a back-brand to give substance,
blazed a fire of thorns, IIardv Wess. Tales (1888) I. 7 ; Dor.* We
got a back-bran', dree girt logs, 223. Som. Sweetman IVincanton
GL (1885).
BACK-BRAYING, vbl. sb. Yks. A beating.
n.Yks.2 A whcnt backbraying [sound drubbing].
{Back, sb. + bray (to tlirash), q.v.J
BACK-BREADTH
L113]
BACK-END
BACK-BREADTH, sb. Sc. A fall on the back. See
Back-breed.
Abd. lie frot his backbreeth o' the (leer [floor] (W.M.).
[/icir/,; sb. + IjreatM.]
BACKBREDE. sh. Sc. Yks. Lan. Also written bak-
bred, -breid, -brod (Jam. Stif>f>l.)\ baikbred Lth. (Jam.i ;
bakbread Sc. ; backbreyd w.Yks. ; bakbrade w.Yks.^ ;
-breyd e.Lan.' ; -brede Lan. A kneading board used csp.
for oat-cake. See Back-board.
Sc. (Jam.) ; A bakbread and a bannockstane. Ramsav TeaTablr
Misc. (1724^ I. 174, ed. 1871. w.Yks. Illfx. H'ds. ; w.Yks.3
A portion [of the ' dofe '] is taken out with a l.-idle or' maispot. '
... It is poured on the bakbrade, where it is ' reeled,' or made
round. Lan.' A broad thin board, with a handle, used in riddling
out the dough of oatcakes before they are put on the spittle, and
turned down on the bak-stone. cLan.'
{Bake, vh. + bn't/e (OE. bred), q.v.]
BACK-BREED, sb. Sc. The breadth of one's back,
hence a throw, fall. See Back-breadth.
Bnff.' The little ane gced up till 'im, leet a bleach at 'im i' the
face, an' ga* 'iin's back-breed o' the green.
[Bad; sh. + brede (breadth), q.v.]
BACK-BYiE, m/i'6. //(r. Nhb. [bak-bai.] A miners'
term : just behind, a little way off.
N.Cy.' Nlib.i Away from the face of the coal nearer the shaft
is said to be ' back-by.'
Hence (i) Backbye men, shifters, wastemcn, men
who are not engaged in work at the face of the ironstone
workings. (21 Back-bye work, work not at the face of
the ironstone workings.
[G/. Lab. I 1894).]
BACKCAST, sh., ppl. adj. and adv. Sc. Nhb. Cum.
Wm. Yks. Lin. Also written back-kest Cum.' n.Yks.''
mYks.'; bakkast Wm. ; bak-kest Cum. [bakkast,
bakkest.]
1. sh. A misfortune, reverse ; used esp. of a relapse
during illness, or a moral backsliding. Also used attrib.
Sc. She got a sair back-cast wi' the slaughter o' her husband,
Scott Midluthimi (1818) li; They'll get a back-cast o' his hand
yet, that think so muckle o' the creature, and sae little o' the
Creator, ib. Tales of jiiy Landlord, 11. 200 (Jam.). Wgt. (A.W.)
N.Cy.' Impediment in the working in coal-mines. Nlib. The wile
wad 'a been on her feet agyen ornoo. but she gat a backcast wi'tryin
ti get aboot ower syun. He still carries on the bit-shop ; but he gat
a sair backcast wi' the lang strike, an' hes hivvy tews ti had his
heed above watler (R.O.H.) ; But eftor that things tcuk a turn, iv
aback-cast kind o' way, Har bottle /"li/iiw^ Chib (1887); Nhb.'
Aa wis gettin' nicely better, but aa's bed a sair backcast. Cum.
*'W.M.H.") : (M.P. ;; Cum.' He was mendan nicely, but he gat
a sair back kcst i' winter. Wm.' Kit's nobbet doin badly ; he's
gittcn a terr'ble back-cast. The word is in very common use;
it is also applied to a check in the growth of crops, &c. n.Yks.
(I.W.) ; n.Yks.' Josey Deal's lossen three of's k^-e : Ah doots it's
gannan to be a sair back-kest tiv 'im ; n.Yks.^ He's gettcn a sair
back-kest. ne.Yks.'. m.Yks.' Lin. Streatfi eld i,i»i. ai/rf ZJnvci
(18841 3'5- n.Lin.' He was the punct'alist man at praj'er meatin's
ther' w,is e' all th' toon, but he got a straange back-cast thrif that
lass bein' wi' bairn to him.
2. A retrospect.
n.Sc. The back-cast's sad, noo it he's awa (W.G.).
3. A backwater, q.v.
n.Lin.'
4. />/>/. adj. Retrospective.
Sc. I'll often kindly think on you ; And on our happy days and
nights. With pleasing back-cast view. Tannamill Poems, 97.
5. adv. Of time : long ago, in the past.
Cum. An' 'yont hoaf a life time. Far back-kest, yan sees A lad
wid two sweethearts, (Jilpin Ballads (1874) 84.
[Back. adv. -f cast, sb.]
BACK-CHAP, sb. Sc. A back-stroke, esp. in phr. to
hand in a back-chap, to play the part of an assistant, or
'second fiddle.'
Abd. I mith [might] hand in a backchap till anithcr ; but to
attempt a discoorse — I wud be owre the theets ere we got \veel
strcikot, Ale.xander Johttnv Gibb (1871) 104. Per. iG.W. )
BACK-CREEL, sb. "Sc. A wicker basket formed to
fit the back, chiefiy used by fishwives. Cf creel.
Sc. Sb. & Or.I. Before wheelbarrows came into common use,
VOL. I.
back-creels were used in cleaning out byres, stables, &c. ; and in
such creels manure, (Sec. was carried to the fields iJah. Siifipl.).
Abd. Back-creels are carried by means of abroad strap from near the
creel-mouth passing round the breast just at the shoulders. The
heavier the load the more the bearer bends forward. Formerly
the creel was more widely used : e. g. put on carriers' carts to
hold small parcels, or slung one on each side of a beast of burden
(W.M.). Edb. At Newhavtn the creel or back-creel strap passes
round the brow (W.M.V Gall. There was the full of a back-
creel of peats set together in the midst of the house floor, NicHOi^
SON Hist. Tales (1843) 10.
[Back, sb. -^ creel (sb.), q.v.]
BACKDOOR, sb. used as adj. Ircl. Yks. Lin. Ken.
Som. [bak-do3(r), b3ek-do3(r).]
1. Fig. Mean, stealthy, underhand; cT. back-stairs.
N.I.' Back-door work.
2. (i) In phr. hack-door boy, a boy employed in a farm
house for domestic purposes; cf backhouse boy; (2)
back-door Irot, the diarrhoea ; (3) on the back-door trot,
afflicted with diarrhoea.
(i) Ken. The back-door boy cleans the knives and boots and does
other work of a like nature (P.M.) ; Where's the back-door boy I
Send him here (D.W.L.). (2) w.Yks. He deed o' t'back-door
trot (jE. B. ). n.Lin.' w.Som.' I be saafe. nif I was vor ate very
many o' they there, twid zoon gie me the back-door trot. (3)
w.Yks. Are tch poorly? — Ay, alive been on t'back-door trot this
mony a tiav i .-E-B. ).
BACK-DYKE, see Backit-dyke.
BACKEN, V. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf Der.
Lin. Rut. Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Oxf Hnt.
Suf [bakan, ba'kar), bEekan.]
1. To retard, delay, check.
Cum.' Wm.' T'frost s,-idly backens oor ploan [ploughing].
ne.Yks.' T'maaster hesn't com'd ; wa mun backen t'dinner a bit.
e.Yks.' w.Yks. Here's awlis summut cummin to backen abodda. By-
water Sliejpeld Dial, i 1839 4 ; w.Yks.' This pash o' rain 'ul backen
our potatoes. Lan. A\v"\x- had to go up to th' Ho yonder, wi' some
yarbs . . . and it's backent me, Brierley Red Wind. (18681 8.
ne.Lan.' e.Lan.' Chs.' A gathering may be backcned by holding
the part alTccted in very hot water ; Chs.^ 'I'his fou weather
backens ploughing ; s.Chs.' Dhis* wedh"ur)l bi ver'i baak'nin tQ
mahy weeut [this weather'II be very backenin' to my wheeat],
Stt.^ My mon's sprained 'is arm a bit. It'll backen us with th' 'ay
ivvcr so. Con y' backen dinner a trifle, missis ? Th' mester wants
us tak some shCp to market. n.Lin.' Dinner's been backen'd a good
hooer thrif soot tum'lin doon th' chimla' ; swXin.' It no-but
backens them for a week or so. Rut.' These frostes hev backened
'em a bit. Lei.' Put a bit o' sieck o' the foire to backen it a bit.
Nhp.' The child would have walked before now, if its teeth hadn't
backen'd it. War. iJ.R.W. ; War.^ Backen the meat, it'll be
done too soon. This frost'll backen the spring ; War.^ w.Wor.'
I doubt thaay're too forrat ; 't'ull do 'em no 'arm to be backened
a bit ; se.Wor.' This caowd weather 'ull backen the craps ; s.Wor.'
Shr.' Missis, -we mun backen dinner ; the Maistcr's sen' word now
jest as 'e OOna be in at the time ; Shr.2 This caud weather uU
backen the quern. Hrf.* Glo. The cold winds will backen the
corn (A.B.) ; Glo.', Oxf.', Hnt. T.P.F. , Suf. F.H.)
2. To get worse, have a relapse in illness.
Yks. Nora . . . asked him how his wife was. ' She's badly, miss ;
she's backened sin' yestcrda}", ' said the old fellow. Price Little
One ,1891 I. vi.
3. To go back ; to back, or push farther behind.
Stf.' You'd better backen three or four rows [of knitting],
Shr. 2 Hacken the oss, wunn 'e.
[Back, adv. -t--f«, vbl. sufT., as in lit. E. darken, /lardeii,
h'sscn, slacken.]
BACK-END, sb. Sc. and all the n. counties to Lan.
Chs. Stf Der. Not. Lin. Also in Rut. Lei. Nhp. War.
Shr. [bak-end, baek-end.]
1. The latter part or end of any period of time, esp. the
latter part of the year, the autumn or winter ; also
attnh.
Sc. The back-end o' hairst [harvest] (Jam.). Frf. This travel-
ling show visited us regularly twice a year, once in summer for
the Muckle Friday, . . . and again in the * back-end * of the year,
Barrie Lie/it I 1888) 42, cd. 1893. e.Lth. It was an ill back-end
for the maistcr, Hunter J. hiwick (1895) 10. Gall. Yer ho.ist
[cough] is no' near as sair as it was i' the back-end, Crockett
S/i'f*i'/ Milt. (1893) 4. N.Cy.' Nhb. They were talking together
Q
BACK-END-FORE
L114]
BACKET
of the price of sheep and cattle at the ' back-end ' fair, Clare Love
of Lass 1890) 1. 39 ; Nhb.i Last bacli-end. Dur. The accident
happened the back end oflast week (A.B.) ; Dur.' Cum. T'back-
end's ola's I'bare-end, Prov. lE.W.P.) ; Cum.i ; Cum.^ Last back-
end, hooiver, Betty was fashed sadly vvid t'rheumatics, 17. Wm."^
We've a varry clushy [rainy] backend this year. Yks. She's
allays for carrying in t'milk since t'rhematiz cotched my shouther
i' t'back end, Gaskell Sylvia (1863'! II. i. n.Yks.i Back-end o'
last week ; n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.' We'd nobbut a dowly [dull] tahm
t'last back-end. e.Yks. Bob's getten a pairo' bellas'd beeats [boots
with the tongues sewed to the uppers] this back end, Nicholson
Flk-Sp. ;i889) 89; Back-end lasts from harvest to Martinmas;
the period following is called ' efther Martlemas' or 'a bit afooar
Kesmas' (J.N.) ; Back-end is the only word in use for the
period between harvest and mid-winter, not necessarily Martinmas
(R.S.) ; e.Yks.i w.Yks. Back-end 'ill be oot afore haarvest be in,
if we 'ave such mucky weather (W F.) ; I'll try and get it t'back-
end o' next week, Lucas Stiid. Nidderdah (c. 1882) ; w.Yks.' It's
fit for nout bud liggin by to t'back end for sheep sauve, ii. 290;
w.Yks.23 Lan.i n.Lan.' I'se gaen ta leeav me spot [situation] this
back-end. ne.Lan.i, e.Lan.' ni.Lan.i Backend. This word meeans
autumn, winter, an' pert o' spring ; or yo' may reckon id as stertin'
at the end o' yo'r summer halladays, an' endin' when yo'r Ayster
halladays start. Chs.' s.Chs.i Dhem wiits uz wun soa-n ut dhu
baaken'd [them wuts as wun sown at the back-end]. Stf.' ;
Stf.2 Farmer Jones is sellin some on 'is beasts this back end, 'e
'anner much 'ey fur th' winter. Der.=, nw.Der.i Not. There's
a deal of keep i' the Lord's meadow this back-end ;L. CM.) ; Not.l
Lin. Mea an' thy sister was married, when wur it ? back-end o'
June, Tennyson N. Cobbler. n.Lin. Oud hezzel-peiir bloomed i'
back-end. Peacock Taales (1889) loi ; n.Lin.' "Them back-end
anemones is ruinaated wi' drought. Back end o' th' week, Friday
and Saturday ; sw.Lin.' They're back-end ducks, not this year's
birds. Rut.i, Lei.', Nhp.', 'War. (J.R.W.1, War.3 Shr.i We
sha'n 'ave time to do them little jobs to'erts the back-end. Slang.
That's two years ago, the back-end of this year, Mayhew Land.
Labour ( 1864) 111. i.
Hence Backendish.rtr^'. Of weather: proper to autumn
or winter, autumnal, wintry, rough.
ne.Yks.i
2. The back part of a house ; the premises attached
thereto; cf. backside, 2.
NUb.i n.Lln.i It's at the back-end o' th' hoose, just agean th'
watter-tub.
3. In mining : the part of a judd left in the working place
of a pit, after the sump is brought down by an explosion
of gunpowder.
Nhb. Mining Gl. (1852") ; Nhb.i Nhb. & Dur. In working a wide
board, an excavation or kirving is made in the bottom part of the
coal, half of the width of the board, and as far in as the hewer is
able to make it with his pick. This is followed by a vertical
cutting, equally far in, next to the side of the place. A hole is
then drilled near the roof, and fast side of the coal is undermined,
and in it gunpowder is placed and the coal blown down. This is
called the sump or vantage. The remaining half of the place is
called the back-end, and is similarly undeiTnined and shot down,
Greenwell Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
4. In phr. back-end minders, minders in charge of the end
of the carding-machine.
w.Yks. Back-end minders are workers who wind the sliver into
a ball when there are no coiler-cans (^S.A.B.).
{Back, adj.-t-f«(/.]
BACK-END-FORE, adiih. pin: Som. Dev. Written
back and fore w.Som." ; backanvore Dev. Backwards,
hind-part foremost.
w.Som.i Want bee baewt ? Kas-n puut aun dhee jaa'kut baak'-n
voa-ur [What are you about? (Thou) canst not put on thy jacket
backwards]. Dev. She was in such a temper on going out. she
put her bonnet on backanvore. Reports Proviiic. ti886l 91.
BACKENING, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin. War. Ken.
[baknin, ba'kanin, baeknin.]
1. Relapse in illness ; Jiff, a hindrance. Cf. back-cast.
ne.Yks.' Jane's neea bcther ; woss if owt ; sha's had sum sad
backenings. w.Yks. Bud i' t'spite o' all backnins I've a little
cake for my owd age, Yisiiiaii. i()ct. 1878) 362 ; Hl/.v. Wds. ;
She took cold and has had a bad backening (J.T.); w.Yks.';
w.Yks.^ I hope he'll have no more backenings. e.Lan.' Chs.'
Our little one is not right yet ; he had a serious backening the
day we were at Beeston. n.L'n.' She's got a backening in her
liggin-in thrif takkin' cohd. War. (J.R.W.) Ken.'
2. Of a fire : preventing its burning out.
War.3 Get some slack damped for backening the fire.
[Vbl. sb. of backen, vb.]
BACKER, sb. Lon. Ken. [bae-k3(r), bek3(r).] A
porter, carrier, unloader.
Lon. The same rule holds good in the coke trade, . . . those pos-
sessing vans reaping the largest amount of profit; . ..and, least of all,
the ' backers, 'as they are sometimes called, Mayhew Loud. Labour
(1864) II. 86; A 'backer' is the man (in a squad of five at dock
work) who ties the mouth of a sack of grain, &c., when full, lifts
it on to his back, and then tilts it into the cart or truck for removal,
Gl. Lab. (1894) ; The method pursued was for the quarters of meat
to be raised from the hold and dropped on the quay side, and
then labourers, called 'backers,' lifted the meat on their backs,
and placed it in the vans for transit, Standard (Mar. 3, 1891) 3,
col. 3. Ken.' A word in common use at the docks.
[Back, sb. + -er.]
BACKER,adj. Som. [bae-ksfr).] Back, rear. Notusedas
a comparative any more than hinder. Never used as an adi'.
w.Som.' I know I zeed-n down in under the jib, there in the
backer-zide o' the cellar, s'now [dost thou know]. The backer
end o' thick there field's mortal roug'n, sure 'nough. Tord the
backer part o' the wagm limbless [broke it to pieces].
[Back, aA]. + 'er, comp. suflf.]
BACKER-END, sb. Yks. [bakar-end.] The farther
end of a room ; see Back, adj.
e Yks. Y'u cudn'tsee ti backer-end o'spot,itwas seeah fullo' reek,
Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889) 50; e.Yks.' The backer-end is used
as a depository for articles not in general use in a household.
BACKERLY, adj. and adv. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan.
Shr. [bakarli, baksli.]
1. adj. Backward, behindhand, late ; alsoy?^.
Dur.' A backerly hay time. Cum. It's been sec a backerly sum-
mer, ye see, there's nowder sweetness ner ripeness amang t'fruit
(M.P.). n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.^ A backerly spot, where things are slow
of growth. A backerly bairn, a puny child ; n.Yks.^ ne.Lan.'
Shr.2 A backerly harrast.
2. adv. Backward, late.
Nhb.' The tormits is varry backerly thae 'ear. n.Yk5.' T'far
side o' yon field weeant be fit yet a bit : it wur ower backerly
sown. ne.Yks.' Them ooats is a bit backerlj-. Heard more in the
n. than in the e. Riding.
3. Shy, retiring.
Nhb. Wliat can a girl do, when a lad is so backerly as was
Hughie Henderson ? Tynedale Stud. (1896) v.
[Backer, ciA]. + -ly.\
BACKERMOST, adj. Yks. Hindmost.
m.Yks.'
[Two seat roomes in the gallery at Hampton in the
backermost seat, Churchw. Ace. (1669) va. Archaeol. XXXV.
449 (Dav.). Backer, adj. -f -;«osA]
BACKERT, see Backward.
BACKET, si.' Sc. [bakat.]
1. A small square wooden trough, for carrying coal,
ashes, mortar, &c. ; a scoop-shaped vessel used for the
same purpose. See Ashbacket, Back, Backie.
Abd. The common term for what in Per. is called a backie or
baikie (G.W. ). Per. A scoop-shaped article carried on the thighs,
filled with a coal-rake made of wood (<&.). Fif. Flung among
the Deevil's ace [ashes] to be whummelled in red-hot backets to
a' eternity, Robertson Provost (1894) 99. Lth. Seeking backets
and mason's auld duds, Tennant Card. Beaton (1823) 154 (Jam.).
2. An oblong wooden trough, with a sloping lid, kept by
the fireside for preserving salt. More freq. called sunt- or
salt-backet, q.v.
Sc. (Jam.)
3. Comp. Backet-stane, a stone at the back of the
kitchen fire, on which the saut-backet rests.
Sc. At length it reacht the backet stane. Duff Poems, 123 (Jam.).
[Fr. Baquct, ' Petit cuvier, vase de bois fait de douves
cerclees, qui sert a divers usages domestiques.' Hatzfeld.
Dim. o{ bac, see Back, sb.^]
BACKET, sb.^ Ken. [bae'kat.] A broad strap placed
over the back of a horse.
Ken. This .strap is generally of leather, and is attached to the
traces of a plough harness on cither side to keep them ofl" the
ground (P.M.").
[Back, sb. -1- -ef.]
BACK-FEAR
[1^5]
BACKHOUSE
BACK-FEAR, si!>. Wbs. Sc. (Jam.) An object of fear
from behind.
Sc. He needed not to dread no back fear, Lindsay (of Pitscottie)
IJisl. Scotland { 1 728) 105.
BACK-FEAST, sb. Obs. Sh. and Or.I. An entertain-
ment given by tlie best man or ' groomsman,' in return for
the wedding feast given by the bride's friends.
Sh.I. The ordinary term for this entertainment is a treat or hamc-
fare. It is given by the young men of the wedding company, is
managed by the best man, and usually takes place a week after
the wedding (K.I. ). S. & Ork.l
[Back, adv. +feasl.]
BACK-FETCH, s*. Cum.Wm. Lan. An after-thought;
a recalhng to mind of something forgotten or omitted ; cf.
afterfetch.
Cum. (J.P.\ Wm.l, n.Lan. (W.H.H.)
[Dack, adv. +/</(■/;, sb. (the same &s fetch, vb.).]
BACK-FLOODED,#/. adj. Yks. Lan. Of a mill-wheel :
having a back-flow from the lower stream in flood time, so
that there is no fall of vvater,and thewheel is unable to work.
w.Yks. Obsol., but in common use twenty-five years ago ( J.W. ).
n.Lan. In common use near Ulverston. The word is unltnown
in 5. Lan., where steam has supplanted all the mill-wheels (S.W.).
e Lan.'
BACKFRIEND, sb. Sc. Cum. Chs. Stf. Der. Not. Lin.
Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Shr. Glo. Wil. Soni.
1. A person who seconds or supports another, an abettor.
Sc. The people of God that's faithlul to the cause, has ay a good
back-friend, Bruce Lectures (1708) 60; We have a good back-
friend that will gar our cause stand right again, f"/>. 61 (Jam.) ; 1 had
in case of the worst a stout back-friend in this uncle of mine,
ScoTT Q. Duma id (1823) vi.
2. A secret enemy.
Sc. Ye have back-friends, my lord, that is un-friends, or to be
plain, enemies, Scott iVij-f/ (1822) xv. n.Lin.', se.Wor.'
3. An agnail, q.v.
Cnm. He had a troublesome 'back friend' or ' agnail,' at which he
often bit, Linton Lizzie Lorton (1867) .xxiv. s.Chs.' Stf.' ; Stf.^
Moi finger's as sore as sore can bS, oive got a back-frend. Can j'o
tell me ha fur't cure it ? Der.*, nw.Der.', Not.'. Lei.', Nhp.' War.
(J.R.W.); I^ORTHALL Flt-P/n: (1894); War.23, s.Wor.', Shr.', Glo.
(A.B.), Glo,', Wil.', Som. (F.H.)
[Backfriend, one that is no friend, a secret enemy, Ash
^1795) i A- back-friend, falsiis amicus, occiilliis lioslis,
Coles (1679) ; My backe freends or such as be out with
me & beare me a grudge, or owe me small good will,
Baret (1580); I harde somwhat by hym oft' a bakke
ffreende. Past. Let. (c. 1465) IIL 40.]
BACK-GAIN, vbl. sb. Sc. Nhb. Written -gaun Bwk.
Nhb.
1. A relapse in illness.
Per. He was nae waur yester e'en, but there's a back gain' the
day [more freq. back-gang] (G.W.). Bwk., Nhb. (W.H.H.)
2. A decline, consumption (Jam.).
[Back, adv. +gaiit (lit. E. going) ; lit. a ' back-going.']
BACK-GAIN,//'/. (7rt>'. Sc. (Jam.) Also written -ga'en.
1. Receding, going back.
Sc. A back-gain tide.
2. Of persons : not thriving in health or in worldly
concerns. See Back-gone.
Sc. A backgain bairn. A back-gane geit, an ill-grown child. A
back-gain family. The back-gaen tenant fell ahint [in arrears
with the rent], Harst Rig, St. 48.
[The same word as above.]
BACK-GANNIN, vbl. sb. Nhb. Wm. [ba'k-ganin.]
A retrograding in health, circumstances, or condition.
See Back-gain.
Nhb.' Wm.' Rarely used. A doubt it's a back-gannin wi 'cm.
[Back, adv. +ga)i>iin, vbl. sb. of gang (vb.), q.v. ; lit. a
'back-going.']
BACK-GATE, s/>. Sc. [bak-get.]
1. Away or road that leads behind (Jam.).
2. Fig. Cunning, deceitful action ; immoral or degrading
conduct.
Sc. Ye tak ay back-gates, you never act openly (Jam.); He's
a' t' the back-gate wi' drink (W.G. \ Per. (G.W.)
[Back, adv. +gate (way), q.v.]
BACKGONE, ppl. adj. Irel. Sickly, pining away ;
usually applied to a so-called changeling.
n.Ir. In common use M.B.-S.). Don. The ' backgone' child,
though small, and fractious, and sickly, was as wise as an old man,
F/k-Lore in Corn!:. Mag. (Feb. 18771 179.
BACKGRUND, sh. Lan. War. [bak-grund.] A
place of concealment.
ne.Lan.i, War. (J.R.W.)
[The same as lit. E. background!]
BACK-HALF, sb. Sc. In phr. to be worn to the back-
half, to be nearly worn out.
Lnk. [This metaphorical use of back-half may] be borrowed from
a knife . . . that by long use is worn nearly to the back (Jam,);
(W.G.)
[B(7f/-, adj. -f/w// (side).]
BACKHANDER, sb. Stf. Lin. Lei. War. [bak-
anda(r).]
1. A blow given with the back of the hand.
Stf.'^ Ei gen mi o wizar i' dh' i.iroul |a blow in the ear hole],
3 regbr bakandor. n.Lln.' He gev him a backhander into th'
mooth. Lei.', War.^
2. A blow with a stick or other weapon when the hand
is raised over the shoulder to deliver it with greater
force.
Lei.i
3. Fig. A sarcastic retort or snub. In gen. use.
Lei.' War. 3 A nasty back-hander.
4. An unanswerable argument or proposition.
War.^ I am afraid that is a back-hander.
[Back-hand, the back of the hand -f- -fr.]
BACK-HASH, sb. and v. Sc. Also written baghash.
1. sb. Ill-natured talk.
Per. In common use G.W.).
2. V. To abuse, to scold violently.
Per,, Fif. When routhless whip men, scant o' grace, Baghash an'
bann them to their face. Duff Foeius, Old Horse (Jam,).
BACK-HEADWAYS, sb. pi. Nhb. Dur. The second
or back of any pair of headways or drifts.
Nhb. & Dur. Tlie direction of the cleat, also a place or holing
driven in this direction. When a pair of headway's are driven
for exploring or winning the coal, thej- are called exploring or
winning headways, the principal of which is called the fore-head-
ways, and the other the back-headways. Greenwell Coal Tr. Gl.
(ed. 1888); In driving a pair of head-ways, one is kept in advance
of the other, and is called the fore, and the other the back-
headways, Nicholson Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
BACK-HEAVE, v. O.xf. Wil. Also written backaive
Oxf [bas-k-ev.]
1. To winnow corn a second time, through a fine sieve.
Oxf.', Wil,'
Hence Backheaved, ppl. adj. winnowed a second time.
Wil. Davis Agiic. (1813).
2. To hinder.
Oxf. (M.A.R.) ; Oxf.' Don't 'cc backave m'! MS. add.
[Back, adv. + heave (vb.), q.v.]
BACK-HEDGE, sb. War. A thorn hedge left as pro-
tection to the quick ; called also Foot-hedge, Foot-set, q.v.
See Back, si.'
War.3
BACK-HEEL, v. and sb. Cum. Wm. Lan.
1. V. To throw down one's antagonist in wrestling by
means of the back-heel trick.
Cum. Ah b.ick-heel't her, an doon she went atween t'skemmels
Sargisson Joe Scoap ( 1881I 60.
2. sb. A trick of planting the foot behind that of the
opposing wrestler in order to trip him up. Also called
Back-heeler.
Cum. In the back-heel the wrestler places his right heel behind
the right heel of his opponent, and, throwing the weight of his body
against that of his antagonist, fells him by throwing him on his
back. The same chip can be done with the left heel i,J. A.). Win.'
n.Lan. W.H.H.)
BACK-HOD. see Back-hold.
BACKHOUSE, s6.' Nhb. Cum. e.An. Som. Dev.
Also written bakhus Cum.' : backus Nhb.' e.An.' Nrf
Suf ; backasSuf ; back-ouze Dev.* [ba'k-as, bsek-euz.j
The back-room of a house ; the back-kitchen, scullery,
Q2
BACKHOUSE
[ii6]
BACKIT-DYKE
washhouse. Also attrib. in phr. backhouse-boy, a boy em-
ployed to do scullery work ; cf. back-door boy.
Nhb.i. Cum.i e.An.' Backus, cf. wuddus for wood-house ; e.An.z
Nrf.'C. W.B.N.) Suf.(C.T.); Backhouse boy, scullery boy (F.H.) ;
Sufi Ess. Arch. Soc. (1863'! II. 173. w.Som. Backhouse, the second
or back room of a cottage, Reports Provinc. (,1891) J w.Som.i The
term for the li\'ing room and the ground floor generally is house
[s.v. Housel. Dev. I was layving . . . without going to the zider
cask in the back houze, Burnett Stable Boy (1888) xxvii ; I wish
you'd be so kind's vor to have the back-ouze a-saled [ceiled]. He's
so moTia\co\d. Reports Provinc. (,iSgi)\ Dev.3
[Backhouse, a building or room behind the chief part of
the house, Ash (1795) ; Back-house, the buildings behind
the house, office houses. Their back-houses, as kitchens,
stables.— C(7;-«y, Bailey (1755)-]
BACKHOUSE, sb.'^ and v. Irel. and all the n. counties
to Yks. and Lan. Also in Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. Suf.
Also written backus Nhb." Dur.^ Cum. Yks. w.Yks.* ;
back-US w.Yks.2; bakhus Cum.* Wm.* w.Yks. Nhp.* ;
bak-hus Lei.' ; back-as Wm. w.Yks. ; bakus n.Yks.= ;
bakhouse ne.Lan.* War.; baakooze Wxf.' [bak-ss,
besk-ss.]
1. sb. A room or house containing an oven, a bakehouse ;
a public bakery.
Wxf.i, N.Cy.', Nhb.l, Dnr.', Cum.* Cum. & Wm. Back-house, the
public bakehouse of the village, heated once a week for brown
bread, other things being usually baked at home (M.P.). Wm.
Thae'ddew wee! anuff to leeat t'backas we, S/rr. £)irt/. (1885) pt. iii.
6; Wm.i Yks. Thoresby Z.f«. (1703). n.Yks.' w.Yks. Az warm
az bein in a backas, nearly, Tom Tkeddlehoyle Manch. E.xhib.
(1857) 11; w.Yks.2 Back-US, cf. Brew-us, IVIalt-us ; w.Yks.";
w.Yks.5 Nip to t'bak'hus', my lass, an' fotch muh a faew o' tins.
ne.Lan.i, Lei.', Nhp.i, War. (J.R.W.) Shr.i The back kitchen or
' brew-'us.' as it is generally called, has an oven, and usually serves
as the bake'us. Put them bags o' bran an' gargeons i' the bake-'us,
an' lock it up, or else the one 'afe'll find its way into the stable.
Suf. (C.T.)
2. V. To bake bread in an oven.
Wxf.i Baakoozee.
3. Coiiip. (i) Bakus-boord, (2) Eackus-neet.
(i) n.Yks.2 Bakus-boord, a board to make dough upon. (2)
Cum. Backus-neet, the night when the bakehouse was at work
(J. P.).
[Bakhowse or bakynge howse, ptstriinmt, Prompt. ;
Hoc pistyimmj, a bakhows, Wright Vac. 729. 27. Cp.
MHG. 6ffc/(-/«(s, a bakery (Lexer) ; G. backhaus (GRiiMM).
Back ( = bake in comp. ; cp. backspiltle, backstoiie) + house.']
BACK-HOUSE DYKE, sb. Yks. Lin. In phr. in back-
house dyke, late, behindhand ; in difficulties, in a dilemma.
w.Yks. (E.S.A.) n.Lin.' I've overligged my sen this mornin'an'
hev' been e' back-hoose dyke all th' daay thrif.
BACKIE, sb} Sc. Also written baukie (Jam.),
bauckie Ayr. The Bat. See Back-bearaway.
Sc. The laverock and the lark. The baukie and the bat. The
heather-bleet, the miresnipe. How mony birds be that \ Answer
— two. Chambers Po/i. 7?/y))i« (ed. 1870, 198. n.Sc.(jAM.) Abd.
Backie is freq. heard (J.M.).
2. Comp. Backie-bird.
Sc. The modern name is backie-bird CJam.X W. & s.Sc. {ib.
Suppt.) Cld. (G.W.I Ayr. When lyart leaves bestrew the yird.
Or wavering like the bauckie bird. Bedim cauld Boreas' blast.
Burns Jolly Beggars (1785) ; They may hook a baukie-bird in the
air, Galt Sir A. IVylie (1822) xxxiv.
[Back + -ie (-y). Back repr. an old and once very
common name for the bat. Reremowse or backe whiche
flyeth in the darcke, nycteris, Huloet (1552) ; Backe
a beest that flyeth, chauve souris, Palsgr. ; Foule backes.
Wars Ale.x: (c. 1450) 3936; Bakke, vespertilio. Prompt.;
Molde-warpis and backis, Wvclif (1388) Isa. ii. 20. Only
in comps. in Scand. dials. Cp. Dan. afien-bakke, evening-
bat ; OSw. natt-bakka, night-bat (Rietz).]
BACKIE, s6.« Sc. Also written baikie (Jam.). A
square wooden vessel or trough, used for holding ashes,
provender for cattle, &c. See Back, Backet, Ash-backet.
Abd. A baikie [oftener backie] is a box for carrying ashes (G.W.).
Lnk. The cow's baikie. Also a wooden vessel in which dishes are
washed (Jam.).
\Back, sb.^ -I- -ie {-y).]
BACKIE, sb? Sc. In phr. to give a backie, or backie-up,
to hoist up on one's back.
e.Sc. In very common use, chiefly among bo3-s. Gee's a
bauckie! I'll gie ye a bauckie-up iJ.W.M.'i.
BACKING, sb. and adj. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks.
Lan. Chs. Stf Not. Lin. Rut. Lei. Nhp. War. Also Mid.
Dor. [bakin, baekin.] Of something behind or at the
back of another object. See Back, sb. and v.
1. sb. Small, refuse coal, or ' slack' piled on a fire to check
the quick consumption of fuel by the flames.
Stf.^ Oi'l just chuk a lump on dh' foiar, an a shuvl a bakin, an
dhen wi shan bi reit far dh' neit. s.Not. Go and throw some
backing on the fire back (J.P.K.). Not.', n.Lin.i Rut.' Your
stoves will take a good deal of backing. Lei. (C.E.") ; Lei.' Both
' slack ' and ' backing ' are named from ' slacking,' or • backing,' the
more rapid burning of the larger coal. Nhp.' Backing is thrown
on for the double purpose of economising fuel and increasing the
heat. War. 2 3
Hence Backin'-turf, sb. turf used for 'backing.'
Sc. This word was formerly common, but is now dying out
(G.W. ). Rxb. Backin'-turf, a turf laid on a low cottage-fire at
bedtime as a back, for keeping it alive till morning; or one placed
against the hud [back of the fireplace] in putting on a new turf-
fire, for supporting the side-turfs i,Jam.).
2. Usually in pL, refuse of flax, cloth, or wool ; also
altrib.
Sc. Katie Beardie had a cock. That could spin baekin' rock
[distaff]. Chambers Po/>. R/iyMtes{ed. 1870) 35 : In the manufacture
of flax the tow, thrown ofl" by a second hackling, is denominated
backings, and is sometimes made into sail-cloth (Jam.). Abd. The
waft was chiefly spun by old women, and that only from backings or
nails. Statist. Ace. XIX. 207 yib.). Ant. Backins, refuse of flax
which sticks in the teeth of the cards in the carding of tow, Grose
(1790) MS. add. [Q.) Arm. 8 Ib. flax for coarse linen ; and 4 Ib.
of dressed tow, and some for backens. Young Tour ( 1780) I. 141.
Cum.' Backins, cotton wool prepared for filling up, and clippings of
cloth formerly used by tailors for stifi'ening coat collars. w.Yks.
Backins, wool drawn from the back of the comb ; milkins are
drawn from the front (E.W.) ; (E.G. )
3. An embankment, esp. in phr. hedge backing, a bank of
earth on which a hedge grows.
Lan. Owd 'Siah with some difficulty mounted a low backing and
took a sur\'ey of the country, Brierley Talcs (1842) 85 ; Leaping
over five-barred gates and old hedge backings, ib. Daisy Nook
(1859) 6; (S.W.) ne.Lan.' Soil placed behind wattling is called
backing. Chs.'3, War. (J.R.W.)
4. Sprays of foliage placed at the back of a bunch of
flowers.
Lon. In the winter I get all kinds of wild flowers and roots, . . .
' backing' off of trees (■ backing' it's called, because it's used to
put at the back of nosegays), Mayhew Loud. Labour {1Q64) II. 72.
5. Fig. A body of followers; support.
Sc. A quarter whence assuredly he expected no backing. Scott
Rob Roy (1817) viii. n.Sc. Nae thanks till him for getting the
place) he hid sic a backan (W.G.). Per. The skip of a winning rink
at a curling match (1895) said, ' Brothers o' the broom, I'm glad
that I take the prize hame wi' me ; but I'm mair behauden to my
baekin' than to my direction or play (G.W,).
6. adj. Comb, (i) Backing bed ; (2) — deal ; (3) — weft.
(i) Dor. Backing bed, a structure of stone in Swanage quarries,
fit only for the inside of a wall (C.W.). (2) Nhb.' Backing-deals
keep back loose strata. Mining Gl. (1852). Nhb. &Dur. Backing
deals, deals placed behind cribs [or circles of wood] for the support
of the w-alls of a pit where the stone is bad, Greenwell Coal Tr.
Gl. (1849). w.Yks. Backing weft, yarn for the backing or back
part of cloth (J.M.).
BACKING, vbl. sb> Hrt. The process of allowing the
short thorn to grow up to protect the hedge. See
Back-hedge.
Hrt. Ellis Mod. Htisb. (1750) I. i. 97.
BACKING, vbl. sb.'^ Yks. In phr. backing off, a back
motion in mule spinning.
w.Yks. The back motion of the frame to allow the drawn and
twisted thread to be wound on to the cop ( l-C.).
BACKIT-DYKE, sb. Sc. Cum. Wm. Also in form
back -dyke Cum.' A stone fence backed up with earth
on the inner side.
Abd. They stood upon the top of the backit dyke, Alexander
Johnny G/iA (1871) xi. Cum.' Many of the fences against commons
BACK-JAW
[117]
BACK-RECKONING
were formerly breasted with stone on the exposed side, or with
stone and sod, and backed up with earth on the inner side, hence
the name. Wm.'
[Backed, pp. of back (vb.), q.v. + dyke, q.v.]
BACK-JAW, sb. Sc. A retort ; mutual abuse.
Bnff.i Per. Gie's nane o' yer back-jaw (G.W.).
Hence Back-jawan,j'W.s6. the act of retorting, orabusing.
Bnff.i
[Back, adv.+jaw (coarse abuse), q.v.]
BACK-JAW, V. Sc. To retort ; altercate ; abuse.
Inv. (H.K.F.) Bnff.' The twa back-jawt anc anilher till a' wiz
daivt wee thir ill tungs. Per. Dinna back jaw langer wi' them
(G.W.).
BACK-JETTY, sb. Cmb. A causeway at the back of
a house.
Cmb. So called at Whittlesea [where a narrow passage between
buildings, an ' entry ' (q.v.), is known as a jetty or gitty], N. & Q.
1,18681 4th S. ii. 177.
[Back, sb. -ijclty.]
BACK- JOINT, sb. Yks. A vertical fissure at the back
of a block of slate in a quarry.
w.Yks. Miners in some districts call the joints furthest from
them the ' back-joints.' in others they are called shortly 'backs '
(H.V.). [G/. Lab. 11894^]
BACKKEST, see Backcast.
BACK-LANE, sb. Yks. Lin. Rut. Lei. War. Won
[bak-len, Yks. bak-Ioin.] A narrow, unfrequented street,
gen. a by-way leading from the main thoroughfare.
w.Yks. The side street in Snaith running parallel to the High
Street is usually called Back Lane (E.S.F.). Lin. I tookc to my
heels as hard as I could runne and got my selfe into a back-lane,
Bernard Terence (,1629) 156. n.Lin.' Thaay're buildin' a sight o'
new hooses agcan As'by back-laane fer th' ironstoan men to live
in. Rut.', Lei.' War.^ When there is more than one road through
a village, the least important is generally known as the back-lane.
Wor. (J.W.P.)
BACK-LASH, sb. Yks. Lan. [ba k-lej.]
1. The amount of play in toothed wheels which permits
of their revolving easily.
w.Yks. (S.K.C); (J.T.)
2. The slight backward motion of d machiiie in starting;
the slight jarring when the motion is not uniform.
w.Yks. (J.T.),s.Lan. (S.W.)
3. The upper or surface return current where there is
a fall of water.
w.Yks. (J T.)
BACK-LASH, v. Lan. [bak-laj.] To flow back,
as water upon a mill-wheel in a flood.
n.Lan. (S.W.), e.Lan.'
[Back, adv. + lasb (to whip).]
BACK-LEDGE, sb. Obs. Dev. Cor. A court or back-
yard. See Backlet : cf backside, 2.
Dev. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) Dev, UCov. Monthly Mag.
(1808) II. 422.
BACKLET, 5*. Glo. Som. Dev. Cor. [baeklat.] The
back premises of a house, a court, yard ; cf backside, 2.
Glo.' What pretty back-lets these old houses have got. Som.
W. & J. Gl. w.Som.' Dhai-v uroa'uzd mee rai'nt tu vaa-wur
paewn u yuur, vur dhee-uz 3'uur aewz, un dhur ed-n noa gyur-dn
nur neet u beet uv u baak lut [they have raised my rent to four
pounds a year for this house, and there is no garden, and not any
back door, or back premises]. ' Good backlet ' is often seen in
advertisements of houses to let. Dev. Monl/dy Mag. (i8o8i II.
422; nw.Dev.' Cor. They buried un out in a soort of a backlet,
Tregellas 7a/cs(i86o) 75, ed. 1865 ; Cor,"
[Back, sb. + -b'l, dim. suff.]
BACKLINGS, adv. Sc. Cum. Yks. Also written
backlins, backlan's Sc. [baklinz.] Backwards, in a
backward direction.
Sc. Grose (1790I MS. add. (C.) ; An' b.icklins frae the Rull to
shift His blazing coursers cour, A. Scorr Poems 1 ed. 18081 80 ; To
gae backlins, to go with the face opposite to the course one
takes (Jam.). S. & Ork.' Abd. To take a step ' backlan's,' Thom
Rhymes, ir'C. (1844^ Preface. Ayr. Backlinscomin . . . she grew
mair bright, Burns To \V. Simpson 1785 . Cum.^, n.Yks.'. m.Yks.'
[OE. bcrctiiii;, only used in phr. on bcrclinq. ' retrorsmn.'
On heeling. Can/. Ps. cxiii. 3. Back, sb. -f -linq, with advb.
grn. -5.]
BACKMOST, <7(^'. Yks. Lan. [ba-kmast.] Hindmost.
m.Yks.' w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Snfipl. ijuly 11, 1891). e.Lan.'
[Back, adj. 4 -most. A late formation.]
BACK NOR EDGE, see Back and Edge.
BACK-ORDER, sb. Chs. Dcr. [ba k 9d3(r).] A
countermand, a reversal of a previous command.
s.Ctis.' Ahy woz tu u tbokn dhem bce-Oss tO ithfacT, bO mes-tilr
sent mi baak-au'rdurz [I was to ha' tooken them bcas-s to th' fair,
bu' mester sent me back-orders]. Der. (H.R.)
BACK-ORDER, v. Der. To countermand, to revoke
an order or command.
Der. He has changed his mind, and back-ordered the cart
(H.R.).
[Back, adv. -f order, vb.]
BACK-OUT, sb. Ken. [baek-eut.] A back yard.
Ken. HoLLoWAY ; n.Ken. (,W.K.S.) Ken.'
[Back, sb. -f o»/, adv.]
BACKOUT-OWRE,fl</i'i. />///-. Sc. Nhb. Also written
-our Sc.
1. Backwards.
Sc_ (^Jam. Siippl.) Abd., Per. He fell clean back out owre
;G.W.). Nhb. Fell back-out owre in a swoone, Richardson
Borderer's TabU-bk. (1846 VII. 142.
2. L?aek to a place, and implying return (Jam. Siippl.).
Sc. I'll rin backoutowre and get your bag.
3. Back, away from.
Sc. Come back-out-owre the fire this minit! {Jau. Sii/>pl.) Abd.,
Per. iG.W.)
[Back. adv. + oul-owre, equiv. to At-ower.]
BACK-OVER, adv., pn'p. and adj. phr. Sc. Nhb. Dur.
Yks. Also written -owre Sc. (Jam.) ; ower Nhb.'
1. adv. Behind.
Sc. (Jam. I
2. In phr. (i) to come back-over, to return ; (2) to fall, go,
back-over, to fall backwards.
(i) Nhb.' He cam back-ower tiv us. (2) n.Yks. He fell back
ower (I.W.1. Nhb.' He went back-ower.
3. prep. From the back of.
Sc. He skailed the taties back-owre the cairt (G.W.).
4. adj. phr. In phr. a back-over turn; a turn which makes
an angle less than a right angle with the original road.
Dur. Go as far as the church, and then take the back-over turn
to the right (A.B.X
BACK-OVERMAN, sb. Nhb. Dur. A superintendent
at a coal-mine. See Back-shift.
Nhb.' The hack-overman superintends the management of the
pit from the time the overman leaves until five o'clock in the
evening, when the pit is said to 'loose' or stop work. Nhb.
& Dur. Back-overman, an overman who has the responsible
charge of the workings and workmen in the absence of the over-
man during the back shift [or while the second shilt of hewers arc
in the mine]. Nicholson Coal Tr, Gl. (,i888>
[Back. adv. -* overman, q.v.]
BACK-PART, sb. Ken. [baek-pat.] Of persons:
the back.
Ken. Well known and in common use in connexion with the
idea of being rid of a person (,D W. I..) ; (P M.) ; Ken.' I shall be
glad to see the backpait of you [to get you gone].
[I will take away Mine hand, and thou shalt see My
back-parts, Bible E.\: x.xxiii. 23 ; Derriere, the hinder
part, back-part or back-side, Cotgr. Back, sb. +part. sb.]
BACKRACKETS, sA. ;>/. Glo. [bae k-raekits.J Fire-
works ; cf. backrapper.
Glo.' Samson ketched dree hundred foxes, and tied squibs and
backrackets on their tails, Roger Ploughman's Second Visit to
London.
[Back, adv, + rackets. Cp. G. raket, a kind of firework,
a rocket; Du. raket; orig. the name for the stiff cartridge
cylinder; see Sanders.]
BACKRAPPER, sA. War. fbEek-raepa/r).]
War.2 Backrapper, a firework so folded that the charges in the
folds detonate in succession ; War.^ Back-rapper, the firework
known as a cracker.
BACK-RECKONING, sb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Lin. War.
[bak-rekanin.] A settlement of old money differences;
Jig. a reference to an old cause of quarrel ; a past record.
Cum.' n.Yks. (T.S ) Lan. Almost invariably used negatively.
We'll have no back-reckonings ; we'll start fair— let all bygones
BACK-ROUP
[ii8]
BACKSIDE
be bygones (S.W.). ne.Lan.' nXin.' I could do very well wi' my
ohd man noo, if he wasn't alus reapin up back-reckonings. I doant
talk much aboot it, bud I've a back-reckonin' to paay him when I
nobut get a chanche. sw.Lin. There's a bad back-reckoning agen
him ( R. E. C. ). War. ( J. R. W. )
[Back, adv. -I- n'ckoiiing.l
BACK-ROUP, V. Sc. [ba'k-raup.] To bid at a public
sale merely to raise the price.
Inv. The person who back-roups is known as a ' white-bonnet'
or ' puffer ' (H. E. F. ). Bnff.i
Hence (i) Backroupan, vbl. sb. the act of bidding at
a public sale merely to raise the price ; (2) Back-rouper,
sb. a person who thus bids at a sale.
(i)Bn8f.' (2) Bnff.i Per. Back-roupers, white-bannets (G.W.).
[IBack, adv. -f roup (an outcry, a sale of goods by auction ),
q.v.]
BACK-SCOUR, s6. Lin. [bak-skuafr).] The process
of letting in the Trent water to wash out the inside of a
drain.
Lin. (E. P.) ; There is no back scour at the sluice, Miller &
Skertchly Fmlaitd { 1878) vii.
BACKSCRAWTER, s6. Obs. Yks. A scratcher for
the back.
n.Yks.'^ An ivory claw with a long handle, used by ladies in
days long ago.
[Back, sh. + scrawter\ see Scrat.]
BACKSET, sb. Sc. Irel. Cum. Yks. Lan. Lin. [ba'kset.]
1. A check, hindrance ; a reverse, misfortune.
Sc. The weeds . . . cannot, after such a backset and discourage-
ment, come to seed so late in the autumn, Maxwell Trans. Agric.
(1743) 82 (Jam.) ; The people of God have got many backsets one
after another, Wodrow Hist. Church Sc. (1721) II. 555 iib.). Per.
The caul' frosty nichts in May gya the tatie-crap a back-set (,G.W.).
Gall. He had received his first backset, and it told on him like a
sentence of death, Crockett S/uki/ Mhi. (1893) 16. Wgt. (A.W.)
w.Yks. Ov coorse mooast fowk have ther bits o' backsets, sick-
ness an losses, Hartley Clock Aim. (,1889) 60.
2. A relapse in sickness.
Per. (G.-W.) Wgt. (A.W.) Uls. (M.B.-S.) Ant. Backset is
always used of a relapse after illness, never in a moral sense
(R.M.Y.).
3. A something in reserve, esp. applied to a store of
money or goods held in reserve against an emergency ;
hence, a prop, a support.
Cum.i W.Yks. He's saved a bit o' brass an' that'll be a nice
backset for him (F.K.) ; A rich relative or patron is a backset
(B.K.) ; Aw'll hev' two pair o' traasers an' then one pair al do for
a backset (S.K.C.) ; w.Yks.^ Lan. He'd bin sich a backset to ther
church, Brierley Irkdale (1868) 49 ; Lan.' Hoo's noan so badly
off ; hoo's a bit ov a backset i' th' Bank. Feight him, Jim ; aw'll
hi thi backset. e.Lan.' [Is applied to a supporter] gen. in a
financial sense.
4. An excuse, colourable pretext, set-off.
w.Yks.5 If a woman knows that her neighbour is watching her
enter another person's house against whom she has vowed enmity
to that neighbour, she will look about her mentally for a ' backset ' ;
thus, she may say that she went for the purpose of blowing her up,
5. An outshot at the back of a building.
n.Lin.'
6. A sub-lease.
Sc. By means of a backset the possession is restored to those
who were primarily interested in it. Marischall, having got a fifteen
years tack of the customs of Aberdeen, sets the same custom in
backset to some burgesses of Aberdeen Spalding Hist. Troubles
in Sc. (1792) I. 334 (Jam.) ; Still in use (W.G.).
[3. Cliiens de relais, dogs laid for a back-set ; such as
are held by the side of a long course, to be hounded after
a deer already pursued by other dogs, Cotgr. Back, adv.
•\-sel, pp. oi set, vb.]
BACKSET, V. Sc.
1. To fatigue, weary ; usually in pp.
Bnfr.i Abd. The long walk quite kickset him (G.W.) ; Backset,
wearied, fatigued (Jam.),
2. To disgust.
Bnff.i Abd. Castor-oil backsets me (G.W.). Per. The word
backset is hardly known here (ib,).
3. In phr./OT(;^5*'/aHn'/o>-«f/, overwhelmed with difficulties,
beset behind and before.
Cum. 'He's backset and foreset,' she said in a low tone. 'Ey, ey ;
he's made a sad mull on't,' Caine Shad. Crime (1885) 114 ; Cum.'
Wra. Poor Lib, she war fair backset and foreset, en she didn't kna
what tu du, Jack Robison Anld Tales (1882) 6. n.Yks. He was
backset an' fooarsct wi' them (I.W. ). Lan. She's backset and
foreset, wi' a good for newt of a husband, ' Eavesdropper' Fill.
Life (1869) 99.
[The lit. mg. is to set upon in the rear. Back, adv. -f
scf, vb.]
BACK-SEY, sb. Sc. The sirloin.
Sc. He'll make as muckle about buying a fore quarter o' Iamb
in August, as about a backsey o' beef, Scott Antiquary (1816) xv ;
Yours [a piece of beef] ... is out o' the back-sey, ib. Bride of
Lain. (1819) xxxiv. Lnk. A healthf'u' stomach sharply set, Prefers
a backsey piping hct, Ramsay Poems (1727) 363 (Jam.).
[Back, adv. + scy, q.v.]
BACKSHAVE, sb. Wm. [bakjev.] A spokeshave,
a kind of plane with two handles for planing curved
surfaces.
Wra. Cum. and Wm. Trans. XIII. ii. 267 ; Wm.'
BACK-SHIFT, sb. Nhb. Dur. Yks. [bak-Jift.] The
second set of hewers that go down into the coal mine ;
the time (usually eight hours) during which they work.
See Back-overman and Shift.
Nhb,' In a colliery the first period for working is called the
fore-shift, and the next the back-shift, and the hewers are simi-
larly called . . , according to their rotation in stai ting work (s, v.
Shift). Nhb. & Dur. The backshift commences about four hours after
the pit begins to draw coals, Greenwell Coa/ rr. Gi. (1849); When
a colliery is worked by two sets of hewers, each working for eight
hours, one set following the other, the first set is called the
fore-shift and the second the back-shift, ib. (ed. 1888) s.v. Shift.
BACK-SHORE, sb. Lin. A piece of ground on the
unscreened side of a decoy pipe, left for the birds to
lodge on.
Lin. Miller & Skertchly Fenland (1878) xii.
BACK-SHOW, sb. Lon. A peep-show carried on the
back.
Lon. Mayhew Land. Labour (1864) III. 96.
Hence Back-showman, sb. a man who carries a peep-
show on his back.
Lon. On their first coming out, the oldest back-showman as
I know on told me they could take 15s. a day, Mayhew Loud.
Labour (1864) III. i.
BACKSIDE, sb., rarely pi. Sc. Irel. and all the n.
counties to Chs. Stf Der. Not. Lin. Also in Lei. Nhp.
War. Won Shr. Hrf Glo. Brks. Mid. Ken. Sur. Hmp.
LW. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. [bak-, bae'k-said, -soid.]
1. The rear or hinder part ; the side of an object which
is farthest from the speaker.
Ayr. The hedge along the back side of Thomas Thorl's yard,
Galt Aim. Par. (1821) ii ; Backside, the more private entrances
into a town by the back of it. The Provost had privately returned
from Eglington Castle by the Gallows-knowes to the backsides,
Gilhaize, II, 173 (Jam.). Rnf. Backside, all the ground between
a town on the sea-coast and the sea (ib. ). Nhb.' The backside of
a church is the n. side. Burials formerly were only made on the
«. side. [The backside of a churchyard, the side farthest I'rom the
town or village. A'. &= Q. (1850) ist S. ii. 93.] Chs.' The backside
of a hedge; Chs.^ Stf.^The'll foind that brindled cow o'thoine at
th' backsoide o' the wood. Lin, I haue a certaine parlor in the
backside, in the furthermost part of my house, Bernard Terence
(1629) 233. n.Lin.' The street in Winterton, to which the name of
'East Street' has now been given, \vas previously called 'Mr.
• backside,' from the name of the principal inhabitant. Also
applied to land behind a house running down to a back-lane
or street. To impound all swine and other catel that shall be found
trespassing in the . . . back-sides belonging to the towne, Manor
Rec. ii7i8)in Stark Hist. Gainsbiirgh,^^-]. War. (J.R.W.) ; War.^
You may fish on the back side of the mill [the 'pound' or water
of the mill stream above the mill], Hrf.' [A porter at a
London terminus told me I should find [a suburban branch line]
at the backside of the station. I did find it so situated — literally
at the side of the back of the larger station. A'. & Q. (1890) 7th
S. ix. 95.]
2. The back premises of a house or building ; freq.
applied to a curtilage, back-yard, farm-yard, or the garden
or fields adjoining.
Rxb. I Jam.) Ker. You shouldn't have brought him [a strange
BACK-SPAIVER
["9J
BACKSTAY
visitor] in through our backside (A. S.P.). N.Cy.' Nicholas Ward,
unfortunately smoor'd to death, in sinking for a draw well in his
father's backside, loth Feb. 1716, Sharp Chrotiicon Alirahi/c. Nhb.
As up Jenny's backside we were bangin, Ki' Geordy, How !
where are ye gannin ! N. Minstrel {i8o6-T) pt. iv. 76; Nhb.' Billy
Pur\'is used to invite the crowd from his front stage to enter his
show, adding, ' Them 'at dissent like to w>nak owcr the stage can
come in bi Billy's backside.' Dur.' Cum. The witch weyfe begged
in our backseydo, Andkrson Ballaiis (1805I 84, ed. 1815 ; Obsol.
(M.P.) Wm. & Cum.' Yea Sunday mworn, i' Bell' backseydc, 196.
ne.Yks.' Wa've gitten wer b.ick-sahds fettled up, an' they leeak
weel noo. ■w.Yks.''* Lan.' He used t'sit smookin' of a neet
at th' backside, among his bits o' posies. ne.Lan.' Chs.' In
the till: district backside is a very frequent name for the field
which is nearest to the back of the farm buildings. Stf.' ; Stf.^
Wheers th' missis ?—'Ers at th' backside fcdin th'pigs; mun oi
fatch 'er? Der.'*, nw.Der.' n.Lin.' You'll find the tool o' th'
backside, nigh-hand th' swill-tub. Lei.' Homestead, orchard,
garden, yard, and backside thereto adjoining and belonging.
Nhp.' Phanaticks, who having forsaken the Church would not
be buried in the Church yard, but in their orchards or backside of y
houses, Biigbrook Frs/i. Regislfr {1668) in Baker His/. A'/i/>. I. 128 ;
Nhp.'^, War. (J. R.W.), s.Wor.', se.Wor.' Shr.' The lan'lord toud me
as I should 'ave some 'en-pens put at the backside; Shr.^ Hers g'won
o' the backside, her'l be back anon. Hrf.' He went out at the
backside now just. Glo.'=, Brks.' e. tc s.Cy. Rw ii6gi) MS. add.
Qs.v. Curtilage]. Ken. Backside often occurs in old conveyances, and
it might still be used in a legal document conveying a property
where it was desired to follow the old parcels, esp. in the case of
copyhold land, where the description on the Court Rolls is always
followed with superstitious awe (P.M.); Ken.' 2, Hmp.' I.W.
(J.DR.); I.W.'; I.W.= To ax you if you'd lett'n putt hcs
keert into your backside [farmyard] till to-morrow morncn. Wil.
Barken is commonly used for a yard or backside, Kxnnett Par.
Antiq. (1695) s.v. Barken; V/U.^ ii.siv. Obsol. Dor. (N.B.);
Barnes Gl. (1863). w.Cy. Grose (1790). Som. Jennings Ohs.
Dial, w Eng. (1825). Dev.3 Dev. & Cor. You will find the ladder
in my backside. Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 42a. Cor.' s.v. Backlet;
Cor.2 [Lisle //"iAaH(/;7 (1757).]
3. The posteriors, buttocks.
w.Yks. When a bear gets o'er a wall, he awlis gets dahn we his
backsoide first, Bywater 5/<«/w7rf ^HH. (1851) 4. Stf.2 Not.* I'll
kick thi backside. n.Lin.' n.Wil. (E.H.G.)
4. The under or reverse side of anything.
ne.Yks.'
5. The close of the year ; of backend, L
Chs.3 The backside of the year.
6. In mining: the side of the shaft where the empty
tubs are put in, or talcen out, of the cage.
Nhb. & Dur. Nicholson Coal Tr. Gl. (1B49) ed. 1888.
7. In phr. backside Jiist, backsides front, hind-part foremost,
hind-before.
n.Yks. (I.W.") Snr. I'd turn the house backsides front furst,
BiCKLEV Midst Sur. Hills (1890') II. i.
[1. He had him about to the back side of the wall,
BuNYAN P.P. (1678) 26 ; Estaim dc glace [a kind of tin],
used in the tinning of the back-sides of looking-glasses,
CoTGR.; He led the flock to the backside of the desert,
Bible Ex. iii. i ; On tlie backe side of their campcs, pone
ca5/ra, Baret(i58o). 2. Backside, the back yard belonging
to an house, Ash (1795 1 ; A back-side or yard, curlis
postica, Coles (1679) ; His fare is plain and common . . .
if he addcs anything for a great day . . . his garden or
orchard supplycs it, or his barne and back-side, Herbekt
Priest (1652) 44; How, in my back-side! where?...
Rachel ! thieves ! thieves ! B. Jonson Case is Altered
(c. 1598) IV. iv ; The backside of the house was neither
field, garden, nor orchard, Sidney Arcadia (1580) cd.
Friswell, 16. 3. A poor ant . . . with her head down-
wards and her backside upwards, Addison Guardian
(1713I No. 156; (The lynxj turneth the backside forwarde,
Baret (is8o).]
BACK-SPAIVER, see Back-spare.
BACKSPAN, sb. ? Obs. Lan. [bakspan.] A baking
plate for oat bread.
ne.Lan.' [Not known to our correspondents.]
BACKSPANG, 5Z1. Sc. Ircl. Ibaksparj.]
1. An underhand trick,csp. a retreat from a bargain. Cf.
back-bargain.
Sc. Backspang, a trick by which one takes the advantage of
another, after the latter had supposed everything in a bargain or
settlement to be finally adjusted (J*"-)- "-Ir. In common use
(J..S.>; N.I.' He's a decent man, there's no back spangs about him.
Ant. Ballviiiaia Obs. (1892^
2. A reverse, recoil ; cf. backset, 1.
Wgt. Back-spang has a stronger meaning than backset (A.W.).
\Back, adv. + s/>anff (sb.), q.v.]
BACK-SPARE, sb. Ubs. Sc. Also -spaiver Abd. Of
breeches : the cleft, or opening.
Sc. (Jam.) Abd., Per. Back-spares and front-spares arc not now
used in making trousers i,G.W.).
[Back, ad}. + spare (an opening), q.v.]
BACKSPAULD, sb. Sc Also written spaul.
[bak-spald.]
1. The back part of the shoulder.
Or.I. I did feel a rheumatize in my backspauld yestreen, Scott
Pirate (1822) vii.
2. The 'hind-leg.'
Sc. If sae mickleasa collier or a Salter make a moonlight flitting,
ye will clock him by the back-spaul in a minute, Scorr Kedg.
(1824) vii. Per. Back-spaul of cattle (G.W.).
[Back, adj. + spaii/d (sb.), q.v.]
BACK-SPEIR, V. Sc. Also written backspeer.
[ba k-spiar.]
L To inquire into a report, by tracing it as far back as
possible (Jam.).
2. To cross-question, cross-examine.
Sc. To examine a witness with a retrospective view to his former
evidence (Jam.) ; She so speers and backspeers me when I come
home . . . that I darena look . . . lest a bird of the air should carry
the tidings to her. Whitehead Daft Davie (1876) 13, ed. 1894.
Bnff. Tell him fan he speirs at you again, that an umman is com-
posed o' twa hunner an' forty-three bones. . . . Faith, ye'll bleck
[beat, puzzle] the minister — tell him to backspeer ye there i,G.W.),
P«r. (ib.) Frf. I winna beback-spcired, Ramsay /fcmm. (1872) 117.
Hence Backspearer, sb. (Jam.) ? Obs. A cross-
examiner.
[Back, adv. +speir (vb.), q.v.]
BACK-SPITTLE, sb. Lan. Der. Also in form back-
sprittle Der.* [bak-spitl.] A wooden shovel or board
used in baking oatcake. See also Baking-spittle.
Lan. In common use (S.W.) ; An owd oak back-spittle he slung
by his side, Bbierley Marlocks (1867) iv; Lan.' s.v. Bakin'-
spittle. Der. 1746. Goods in y Workhouse ... a Backsprittle,
Yoiilgreave Overseers' Ace., Cox Churches : 1877) II. 343 ; Der.*
I Back { " bake in comp. ; cp. back/ioiise, sb.*, backstone) +
spittle, q.v.]
BACKSPRENT, sb. Sc. [baksprent.]
1. The backbone, ' in allusion to the elastic power of the
spine.'
Sc. Learn to forbear To curse and swear By your backsprent,
Drummond Muckomacliy (1846) 35. Slk. An tou'lt worstlc a fa'
wi' I, tou sal ken what chaunce tou hcss, for I hae found the back-
sprents o' the maist part of a' the wooers she has, Hogg U'int.
Ev. Tales (1820) I. 272 (Jam.).
2. A spring or catch (Jam.).
Sc. Backsprent, the spring of a reel for winding yarn, which
rises as the reel goes round, and gives a check in falling, to direct
the person employed in reeling to distinguish the quantity by the
regulated knots. The spring or catch which enters the lock of
a chest. The spring in the back of a clasp-knife.
[Back, adv. + sp rent (a spring, leap), q.v.]
BACKSPRITTLE, see Back-spittle.
BACK-STALK, sb. e.An. [bxk stek.] The back
of a low hearth. See Back -stock.
e.An.'
[Back, adj. + slalk, q.v.]
BACKSTANlE, see Backstone.
BACKSTAY, sA.' Ken. Sus. [baekste.]
1. A flat piece of wood attached to the foot by a strap,
used in walking over shingle. See Backster, so.*
Ken. They slip their food into a leather thong attached to a piece
of wood shaped something like a snow-shoe, and glide over the
shingle, Tijne (Mar. 1889) 257 ; (F.E.) ; Ken.' The flat piece of
wood put on the feet in the manner of a snow-shoe, and used by
the inhabitants of Romncy Marsh to cross the shingle at Dunge-
ness. Sus.'
BACKSTAY
[120]
BACK-SWIMMER
2. A stake driven in to support a raddle, or stick fence.
Ken. (P.M.); Ken.i
BACKSTAY, sb.^ Yks. [ba-kstea ] An iron bar,
with forked end, attached to the back of a mining car, or
' corf,' when ascending an inchne, for the purpose of
stopping the car, in case of breakage of the hauling rope
or other accident. Cf drag.
w.Yks. (S.J.C.) ; (B. K.) ; The backstay is sometimes called
a ' drag ' or ' dog' ; also a ' deevil ' [devil] or ' coo ' [cow] in Nhb.
and Dur. (S.K.C.)
[Back, adv. + s/rty (to stop, restrain).]
BACKSTER, sb} Obsol. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Der.
Also written bakster n.Cy. n.Yks.' Lan.^ Der.'^ ; baxter
Nhb.' n.Yks.' (K.) A baker; also occas. a female baker.
See also Bakester.
Sc. One of the attendants, in appearance a baxter, i. e. a baker's
lad, handed her out other chair, Scott Midlothian (iSiS) \\. Note.
Abd. He who kneads is called the Bakster (Jam.). n.Cy. (K.~i;
Grose (1790); N.Cy.'^ Nhb. Becoming rare now. Bread baking
is mostly, and until recently it might have been said entirely, in
the hands of females (R.O.H.); Nhb.l n.Yks.' e.Yks.Ois.
(R.S ) Lan.i Der.^ A female baker.
[Baxter {obsolete), a baker. Ash (1795) ; Backster, a
baker, Bailey (1721) ; A baxter, pisior. Coles (1679) ; A
bakster, artocopits, pistor, pistrix, Calh. Angl. ; Brewe-
steres and bakesteres, bocheres and cokes, P. Plowman
(b.) iiL 79. OE. baceslre, baker (female or male).]
BACKSTER, sb? Ken. Sus. [ba2-ksta(r).] A flat
piece of wood attached to the foot by a strap, used in
walking over shingle. See Backstay.
Ken. Similar things are used in Hmp. for walking on the soft
mud deposited in harbours by the sea, and are there called mud-
pattens, HoLLOWAY ; Ken.', Sus.^
BACK-STICK, sb} Cum. [ba'k-stik.] The rod con-
necting the footboard of the spinning-wheel with the
crank. ,
Cum. (M.P.) ; Cum.'
BACK-STICK, sb? Obs. Som. Single-stick; cf.
backsword.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
EACKSTITCHING, vW. si!>. e.An. Also backsticking.
[bae kstitjin, bse-kstikin.] A process of ploughing in.
e.An.i In backsticking, the earth having been previously
turned is turned back again. e.Nrf. Backsticking is fairly common
hero (H.C.-Il.).
[Back, nAv. + stitching, der. of stetcA (sb.), q.v.]
BACK-STOCK, sb. Cmb. Suf [b^k-stok.] The
back of a low hearth or open fireplace. See Back-stalk.
Cmb.i Your hands wus washed only half-an-hour ago, and now
they're as black as the back-stock. Suf. This word, for the
ordinary hearth-back, is used here by everybody. A back-stock
is the iron plate at the back of a fire-place or grate, or a shelf at
the back of a low fire-place ; also the iron plate, in a blacksmith's
forge, through a hole in the middle of which the wind to blow the
fire comes from the bellows (F.H.) ; (P.H.E.)
[Biiclie de bois, a log, back stock, or great billet, Cotgr.
Back, ad]. + stock isb.), q.v.]
BACKSTONE, sb} Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf. Der. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. Also Dev. ? Also
written backstone.Yks. w.Yks. Lan. nw.Der.' ; backstun
w.Yks. Chs.' War. ; backstan Wm.' w.Yks. ; backstane
n.Yks.3; bakstone Nhb.' n.Yks.' m.Yks.' w.Yks.^^*
e.Lan.' Der.^ ; bakston n.Yks.' Lan.' n.Lin.'; bakstun
w.Yks.; bakstan n.Yks.' ne.Yks.' w.Yks.*; baxstone
War.' ; baxtone War.^ ; baxton n.Yks.' w.Yks. ; baxtan
w.Yks. ; bakestone w.Yks.' War.' Shr.' [ba kstan,
bsekstan.]
1. A flat piece of iron or stone, generally with a handle
over the top, upon which oat-cakes, &c., are baked. It
was formerly made of stone or slate, but is now mostly
made of iron. Cf girdle.
n.Cy. Grose (1790J ; N.Cy.'. Nhb.>, Cum.l Wm. (J.M.); Kirn,
beeat t'backstan, peel tates, Spec. Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 34 ; Wm.'
Yks. (K.) n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.' As nimble as a cat on a heeat bakston ;
referring, doubtless, to the practice of training animals to dance by
placing them on heated iron ; n.Yks.^ ne.Yks.' e.Yks. Marshall
Ruy. Econ. {i-jm). m.Yks.» w.Yks. (SK.C.) ; The annancement
spread like butter on a boat baxtan, Tom Treddlehoyle Bairmla
Ann. (1875) 33 ; Mi Ihroifs as dry as a baxton. Hartley Budget
(1871) 95; Bob went as flat as a backston, Saunteier's Satcliel
(1881) 27; Tha'rt like a worm on a whut back-stun, Hartley
Paris, 42; w.Yks.^'^**; w.Yks.* ' Baxstones ' used to be brought
about for sale, the mode of cunveyance generally by panniered-
donkeys, the men-drivers making the still street resound to their
sonorous cry of ' Baxston's ! ' Lan. We'st ha' to look as wakken
as a cat on a wot backstone, Brierley Marloclts (1867) vii ; Jone
was one day . . . turning over the cakes . . , and occasionally
flaking the back-stones with the finely spread patches of meal
dough, ib. Cast upon World (1886) 130 ; At th' top o' Rooly Moor,
where o's as bare as a bak-stone for five mile round, Waugh
C/ii'hw. Co;-w)- (1874) 108; Lan.', e.Lan.', Chs.', s.Chs.i Stf.' A
plate of iron with a handle on which * pikelets' are baked; Stf.'
I was just going tak' th' cake off th' backstun when th' sut tum-
bled down th' chimley and spaylt it a'. A favourite Methodist
opinion about preaching is, ' Oi loikes it 'ot off the backston,' i.e.
plain and outspoken. Der.", nw.Der.' Lin. The cakes she has
baked on her own bakston, Streatfield Lin. and Danes, 264.
nXin.l, Lei.i, Nhp.i, War. (J.R."W.), War."3 Shr. Ellis Mod.
Htisb. (1750) 111. i ; Shr.' Obsol. The bakestone is still occasionally
seen in old houses. Fatch the bak' stwun an' I'll mak' tuthree
barley crumpits. for the maister nor me canna ate that bread;
Shr.' Used for baking oat-cakes and * pikelets, ' Dev. The oats,
oh the oats, and the silver, silver oats ! Here's to the oats with
the backstone on the board! Blackmore Lonta /Poo«£(i869) xxix.
2. Conip. Backstone-cake.
w.Yks. Backston cakes are kneaded with wheaten flour, salt,
and water only, and baked in the frying pan in bacon dripping.
They are always eaten hot, because they become very tough when
cold. They are not the same as ' havver-cake,' which is baked
on a backstone (M. F.) ; Round Sheflield these are small cakes
baked on the backstone after the oat-cakes (SO.A.); Sometimes
the cake is placed on the bottom of the oven and baked. Its chief
features are, the readiness with which it can be prepared, its sweet-
ness, and toughness (B.K.).
3. The iron plate on which a ' printer ' (q.v.) in the
pottery works mixes his colours.
Stf.'
[Back { = bake, in comp. ; cp. backhouse, sb.', back-spittle)
-I- slonc^
BACKSTONE, sb? L-el. A stone placed at the back
of a turf fire, between the fire and the gable.
N.I.' The backstone is not less than two feet high, a foot and
a half broad, and one foot thick.
[Back, adv. -t-s/oHc]
BACK-STONING, sb. Nhp. A mode of ploughing in
which the earth, having been previously turned, is turned
back again. Cf back-striking.
Nhp.'
BACKSTRAP, v. and sb. Cor.
1. V. To hitch in wrestling.
Cor. An' cud backstrap tha in a moment, Daniell Talcs, 35.
2. sb.
Cor.3 A fall given in wrestling by catching a man on any part
of his body, at the same time throwing your ' near ' (or most for-
ward) leg behind his 'off* (or most rearward) leg and pressing him
backwards.
BACKSTRIKING, s6. e An. [bs kstraikin.] A mode
of ploughing, in which the earth, having been previously
turned, is turned again.
Nrf.' Suf. Rainbiud Agiic. (1819") 287, ed. 1849; Still used in
this sense (F.H. ; Suf.' Suf., Ess. Morton Cvclo. Agric. (i863\
BACK-SUNNED, adj Dor. Som. Also in the forms
backsunded Dor. Som. ; -zunded, -sundered Dor.'
[bcek-zBnd, bffik-zBndad.j Having a northern aspect,
shady.
Dor. Gl. (t8'iO- se.Dor. This house is all back-zunder'd (C.W.') ;
Dor. Barnes Gl. (1863) s.v. Zun. Som. (G.E.D.) ; W. & J. Gl.
(1873'. w.Soni.' 'Cold back-zunded field o' ground' is a very
common description. Thick 'ouse is back-zunded, he ont suit me
in no price.
BACK-SWIMMER, sb. Sus. A water insect, Notonecta
glaiica. Also called Boatman.
£us. Boatmen or backswimmers are rowing themselves about by
their lung hind legs, Gent. Mag. (May 1890) 463.
[Back, adv. -tsiwww^r.]
BACKSWORD
[121]
BACKWARDS
BACKSWORD, aA. Obs. or obsol. Wor. Brks. Ump.
Wil. Soni. Also written backswyrd Brks. ; -zwoord
Soni. The game of single-stick, in which one hand was
held behind the back, and the other hekl the heavy stick.
Wor. Despert mon to plahy at baack-sworc], or at baack-sword
plahyin ^H.K.). se.Wor.* Brks. At backswyrd break each otlier's
yead, Hughes Scour. While Horse (1859, vi. Hmp.' Not very
general in Hants. Wil.' Obs., the game being only remembered
by the very old men ; Wil.* Som. The roughest form of single-
stick is still remembered in many Somerset villngcs, notably
Wedmorc, though I think it has fallen into desuetude. One hand
was held behind the back, and the other, swathed with fustian or
hide, held the basket-guarded stick, and with the exclamation
'God save 'ur eyes' they laid on in fine stj'le (W.P.\\^.) ; Two
sticks were used, one as guard, the other as an ofTensive weapon,
with baskets or without (,G.S.) ; W. & J. Gl. (.1873).
[Backsword, a sword with one sharp edge, Ash (1795) ;
A back-sword, Macliaeia, Coles (1679) ; I knew him
a good back-sword-man, Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, in. ii. 70.
Back, sb. + svjorc.'\
BACKSWORDJNG, vbl. sb. Obsol. Wor. Brks. The
act of fencing with single-sticks. See Backsword.
Wor. The practice of backswording has ceased with the cessa-
tion of the wake years ago. Dahyvid Staight, 'e as worked for
Mr. Whitaker, 'e wuz a despert mon fur baack-swordin. 'E'd
come an' cry the 'at, an sahy, who'll plahj' at baack-swordin' fur a
'at? (H K.) Brks. Backswording and wrestling were the most
serious holiday pursuits of the Vale. . . . The great times for back-
swording came round once a year in each village, at the feast,
Hur.HES T. Btvun (1856; ii ; A bout at backswording (M.J.B.) ;
Brks.' Back soordin is still kept up here and in the counties west-
ward.
BACKSYFORE, ailvb. and adi. phr. Shr. Dev. Cor.
Also written backsyvore nw.Dcv.' ; backsevore Dev.';
backseevawr, backsivore Dev. ; backysyfore Cor.'
[bae ksifuair), baeksivu3(r).]
1. advb. plir. The wrong side first, hind-before ; the
contrary way.
Shr.' Dev. Aw yu stiipid cheel, thecst a-put thee apporn on back-
sivore, Hf.wett FciM. Sf>. (1892); Dev.' Thee hast a' put on thy
hat backsivore, 20. n.Dev. Rab was made backsevore. Rock Jidi
au^ I\'eU (i867"l, st. 85. nw.Dev.' Cor. Wemmen be oogly things
ef you rub em backsyfore, Tim, Toivscr, 147; Cor.'*
2. ailj. phr. Hind-part foremost ; Jig. clumsy, awkward.
nw.Dev.' He's the moas' backsyvore zoart o' chap 1 ivver zeed,
A cruel backsyvore job he'th a-made o't,
[Backside + fore.]
BACKSYFOREMOST. arffi. //jr. Dev. Hind-before.
See Backsyfore.
Dev. Turned backsyforemost, Baring-Gould /. Herring (1888)
240 ; Dev.^
[Backside -^ foremost !\
BACKSYFORSY, advb. and adj. phr. Dev. Cor. Also
written back-see-fore-see Dev.
1. adv. Hind-before. See Backsyfore.
Cor.' 2
2. adj. The backsyforsy side, the back view.
Dev. 'l"he road we are now upon leads us to what the Devonians
call the Back-see-fore-see side of Vixen Tor, Bray Uesc. Tattiur
and Tavy {i^j,(,-) HI. 278.
[Backside +foreside.']
BACKTENT, v. Lan. [baktent.] To attend to
the ' roving' or ' intermediate ' frames in the card-room of
a cotton-spinning mill.
Lan. A girl stands at the back of the frames to take off the full
bobbins, replace empty ones, or do other things necessary to keep
the frames going iSW.). ne.Lan. That lass o' mine that back-
tents for yo', Mather Idylls (1895) 187.
Hence Back-tenter, si. a girl employed to 'back-tent'
in a card-room.
Lan. ' Lasses' are invariably employed as back-tenters (S.W).
[Back, sb. -f lent (to attend to), q.v.]
BACKTURNED, adv. Sur. Stis. [baekt5nd.]
Standing with back turned towards anything.
Sur.' He \v.is backlurncd when I saw him. Sus. Harry w:is
hack-turned while dis was a gooin on, Lower 5. i)c/«7;s ^1854"!
ICO ; Sus.'
VOL. I.
BACK UP, v., prop. phr. Nhb. Ciis. Lin. War. Oxf.
[ba k up, bae'k Bp.)
1. To stand by, uphold or support one's friend or party
or opinion.
Nhb.' If ye'll just gan on, noo, we'll back ye up. n.Lin.' If thaay
summon y<! up to Winterlon, I'll go an back yfi up. Oxf.' Hmp.'
Adams IVykrhamica (1878") 416.
Hence Backed up, pp. in good circumstances ; Backing
up, vbt. sb. encouragement, support.
Chs.' He's rarely backed up, he is. War. (J.R.W.) n.Lin.'
He duzn't want noa backin' up at all ; his caase is as clear as
daayleet.
2. To subscribe to.
Nlib.' We've caaled to see if ye'll back up the list.
3. To repair the cop or 'back' of a hedge with fresh
soil dug from the ditch.
Chs.i, War. I J.R.W.)
4. To call out, shout.
Slang. A junior would be sent to 'back up' for college porter
at hours when there was no access to the lodge, H'liicliesler Sell.
(^L. L. S. ") : To back up names cilling, 16. i^E.F.)
BACK-US, see Backhouse.
BACKWARD, adj. and adv. Yks. Lan. Chs. Dor. Not.
Nhp. War. Shr. Oxf. Written back'ard, backert,
backud. See below, [bakad, ba'kat, baskad.]
1. adj. Unwilling, reluctant ; shy, diffident ; slow.
w.Yks. Still he felt back'ard te propooas His visit should be
endin, Hartley Clock Aim. (1889) 28. e.Lan.' Stf.'Our Mary's
rather a backert wench, er hadna onythin to see [say] fur 'ersen.
That chap's very backert at his work, ma^-happen e's fresh to't.
s.Not. P'raps yer was too backard, and p'raps too forrard, Priou
Rtiiie (1895 221.
Hence Backartly, adv. in a backward or reluctant
manner.
Lan. I never threw th' sponge up moore backartly, I con tell
thee, Brierley Ab-u'lli-Yale Yankeclaud {\&8~,\ iv.
2. Of the seasons, vegetation, &c. : behindhand, late.
e.Yks.' Oor taties is very backad this year. Chs.' A backard
spring. Not.' Lei.' Last year wur a back'ard year, but this is
a back'arder. It's the back'ardest ever I see. Nhp.' It's a very
backerd spring. War.^ A backud season ; War.^ Oxf.' My pays
[peas] be backard, MS. add.
3. Belonging to the past, old-fashioned, ancient.
s.Chs.' A gentleman who was fond of antiquarian research was
described as 'uter-ubl mon fiir r(3o'tin aaf'tur au- ky'eynd u baak*-
wurd stiif ' [a terrible mon for rootin' after aw keind o' backward
stuff].
4. adv. In compar. degree : farther behind, more to the
rear.
Stf.2 Shove that cart a bit backcter and then oi can get through
with this 'oss, Nhp.' Stand a bit backerder, will you. War. A
widow on being condoled with on the death of her husband
intimated that her state was not without its consolations ; there was
no one now to say ' sit back'arder' as she warmed herself by the
(ire I^M.U.H.) ; War.2 Shift the chair backuder. Shr.' Shilt" that
lung table backerter ; Shr.^ Goii a bit backcrler, woot 'e ?
5. (i) Backward road, hackwavAR; (2) backivard road on,
with the order inverted, backwards ; cf. backwards
road on.
Lan. I've been running back'crd road, Westall Birch Dnte v'iSSp'*
I. 258. nw.Der.' (21 Lan. Bukes printud ut reyd'n backurt rode
on, so ut yo ban to begin ut th' end, ScHOLES Tim Camuallle
(,1857)9-
[1. Backward, unwilling, slow, sluegish, Ash (1795) ;
Perish the man, whose mind is backward now, Siiaks.
Hen. V, IV. iii. 72. 2. The yeare will proue backward,
SuRFL. & Makkil Connlr. Farm (1616) 28 (N.E.D.I.)
BACK'WARDING, prp. and vbl. sb. Chs. [ba ksdin.]
1. prp. Relapsing into sickness.
Chs.' Ah ! pour thing, oo's backarding ; it'll soon be aw up wi'
her.
2. vbl. sb. A change from joy to mourning.
Chs.'; Chs.3 'There is alwaj's a bacirding' [said when for
instance, a child dies after the rejoicings on its being christened].
BACKWARDS, ad:: Yks. Lan. Stf. Lin. Lei. War.
Shr. 11 rf. [ba ksdz, bakats, baekadz.J
1. Behindhand.
Shr.2 Backcrts in his work.
BACK WARN
[122]
BACON
2. Awkward, clumsy.
Stf.2 Oi anner used to this job, Oi feyl a' backerts at it.
3. In phr. {1} bad-wards oiver, backwards ; (2) backwards
aiid fonvards ; (3) backerls road on, (4) backwards way,
(5) backards way aboot, (6) backwards way on, backwards
ways on, (7) backwards way over, backwards ways over,
backwards.
(i) n.Yks. He fell backwards ower (I.W.). {2) Hrf.i Backwards
and forwards, not a word further, there's an end of the matter.
(3) Shr.i Backerts road on, wrong way before. (4") w.Yks.
Backerds way, Banks iVkfld. JVds. (1865). ne.Lan.', LeU, War.^
(S) w.Yks. (B.K.) (6) e.Yks.i MS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks. (B.K.)
n.Lin.' Th' bairn get's noa good at school, he's goin' back'erds-
waays-on. (7) w.Yks.' To fall backards-vvay oii'r. n.Lin.' He
tum'l'd back'erds-waays-oher doon th' graain'ry steps.
BACKWARN, v. Won To put oft', countermand.
s.Wor. (H.K.) ; s.Wor.'An old parish clerk would say, ' They've
a-put off that 'ere funeral, and I must be to backwarn the
parson,' 35.
[Back, adv. + warn.]
BACK-WASH, V. and sb. Yks. [bakwej.]
1. V. In wool-combing : to cleanse wool from oil after
carding.
w.Yks. The common term round Bradford (J.W.).
Hence (i) Back-washer, sb. the worker who attends
to the back-wash ; (2) -washing, vbl. sb. the process of
re-washing the wool after carding.
w.Yks. (I) (;S.A.B.) (2> (S.K.C.) ; (E. G.)
2. sb. A machine used in ' back-washing.'
w.Yks. A backwash is a machine for straightening the fibre of
the wool and taking out the lumps. The wool is passed through
two bowls of hot water, then through a variable number of cylin-
ders, and then through a set of fallers,— long pins, whose prongs
are graduated from coarse to fine (S.A. B.).
[Backwashed (with woolcombers), cleaned from the oil
after combing. Ash (1795).]
BACK-"WATCH, sb. Yks. A reserve fund put by
against an emergency. Cf. backset.
n.Yks. (.I.W.) m.Yks,' There's nought-but poor addlings now-
a-days, but somewhat must be laid by for a backwatch.
[Back, adv. + ivn/c/i (a keeping, guarding).]
BACK'WATER, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. VVm. Yks. Lin.
Nhp. Shr. Ess. Also written backwatter Nhb.' [bak-,
baek-, -watalr), -wot3(r), -wat3(r).]
1. The overflow of a mill-race, which, if not carried off,
impedes the revolution of the mill-wheel.
Sc. When the water in a mill race is gorged up by ice, or by
the swelling of the river below, so that it cannot get away from
the mill, it is called the backwater (Jam.). Per. If there is not a
sufficient fa' below the mill-wheel, the water in which it turns is
called the back-water (G.W.). Nhb.' w.Yks. The opposite term
[to backwater] is slackwater, which describes the elfect of a de-
ficiency, Hl/.r. Wds- ; w.Yks.', n.Lin.' Nhp.' The back-water is
carried off by a sluice. Shr.^
Hence Back-watered, pp.
Cum.' Wm. A mill-wheel that is choked by the race getting
flooded is said to be back-wattered (O.K.).
2. The water near the side of a river, which, when the
current is strong, flows the contrary way to the stream.
n.Lin.'
3. A stream from the sea.
Ess.'
4. The ebb of the tide.
n.Lin.'
5. The still or dead water that rises in a field during a
river flood.
Nhb.'
6. To cause the eyes to stand backiuater in one's head, to do
one's utmost.
Bnff.' A'll baud till 'im till's een stan' back-wattir in's hehd [he
is unable to get the better of me].
back-way, sb. Yks. Ken. [bak-wea, bsek-we.]
1. The yard or space at the back of a cottage.
Ken. rP.M.); Ken.'
2. Fig. in phr. to go the backway, to decline, fall off after
coming to perfection.
w.Yks. When this month [September] gets turned, things'll
begin o' gooin' th' back-way. Hartley DiU. (c. 1873) 109.
BACKWAY, adv. Yks. Lan. Also backways w.Yks.
[bak-we, bak-wea.]
1. Wrongly, awkwardly ; in a manner opposed to the
proper mode of procedure ; also in phr. backway-on.
w.Yks. He oUus does things backway {^l. F.). e.Lan.' Backway-
on, tail first.
2. In phr. backways on, backwards, hind-before.
w.Yks. Hlfx. IVds. ; (B K.)
BACK-WIDDIE, sb. Sc. Also backwoodie (Jam.).
[ba'k-widi.] The chain which goes over the cart-saddle
and is attached to the shafts. See Back-band. Cf. rig-
woodie.
n.Sc. (Jam.) Nai. The backwoodie was made originally of
plaited withies, Gl. Siirv. [jb.) Bnff.' Backbin' is the same as back-
widdie [s.v. Backbin']. Abd. Occas. heard, but the usual name is the
back-chain (G.W.).
[Back, sb. -f ividdie, see Withy.]
BACK-WORD, sb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Oxf. Ken.
[ba'k-, baek-w3d.]
1. A withdrawal from an engagement ; a countermand."
Cum. (M.P. ) ; Cum.' They ax't us to t'tea yaa day, and then
they sent us back-word. w.Yks. In consequence of her death, I
was obliged to give a party who were to have dined with me
backword [put them off], Hamilton A'H^nfZ.iV. (1841)357 ; Nivver
a wun . . . sent backwurd, like wot a menny foaks ar i't babbit
a doin', Tom Treddlehoyle Bairtisla Ami. (1866) 39; Brother S.
had better give his sperit backword, Hartley Clock Abu. (1871)
32 ; H!f.t. Wds. ; w.Yks.^ ne.Lan.' Chs.' We were to have gone
to-day, but they sent us back-word. s.Chs.' Used in same sense
as back-orders. Oxf.' I sent a back word to mother. Ken. I
'greed ter goo an I thought better an it an gfn [give] back-word
(H.M.) ; (P.M.) ; 'Greed ter goo an den give back-word ^W.G.P.).
2. A contention, retort, reply.
Cum. Whietly Kit bore her clatter, Nea backwurd he'd gien
her, Gilpin Ballads (1874) 93 ; Ah kent reet weel it wasn't a crum
eh use givan them enny back-wurds, Sargisson yo? 5(-o«/> (1881)
9 ; It was the first time he had ever given his mother a back-
word, Linton Silken Thread (1880) 276.
[Back, adv. -f ivord.]
BACKY, sb. In gen. dial, and colloq. use. Also
written bacca, baccer, backer, bacco. [ba'ka, bee'ki.]
1. Tobacco.
Nhb. If he's drinking gills o' yell, or axing pennies ti buy bakky,
Oliver Local Sngs. (1824) 8. Cum.^ An' t'bacca— I'sup-ho'd the'
nut to forgit that, 19. w.Yks.' m.Lan.' Wodever wod a werkin'
mon do beawt his pipe o' bacca ov a neet? Chs.^, Der.^, nw.Der.',
Nhp.', War. (J.R.W.) Wor. I have me bit o' bacca as 1 comes
home (H.K. ). Hrf.' Brks.Yourbacchy's nearly out, Dick, Hughes
Scotir. White Horse (1859) i. Hnt. (T.P.F.) Sus. He would buy
four ounces of baccer and sit on the ' mixen ' and smoke it out,
Egerton Flks. and IVays (1884) 15. Wil. The young uns thay did
dance and zing. The woold uns blow'd their baccy. Slow Rhymes
(1889) 99; ib. Gl. (1892). Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eiig.
(1825). CoUoq. I'll take my bit o backer, Dickens Z'ohiA^' (1848)
xxxviii.
2. Contp. Backy-shop.
Colloq. I asked the gentleman at the baccer-shop, Mayhew
Loud. Labour [1S64) II. 490.
3. Fig. Nonsense. Cf. smoker.
Nhb. ' It's aal baccy,' the local equivalent of ' It's all my eye '
(R.O.H,); Nhb.'
BACK-YET(T, sb. Sc. [bak-yet] A gate leading
to the back of the house.
Sc. In common use. The herd-loon and the orra man dreev the
kye in at the back-yet (W.G.). Ayr. Come na unless the back-yett
be a jee. Burns IVhistle and Til come to you; The back-yett that
opened into the manse-garden, Galt Ann. Parish (1821) Inlrod.
BACON, sb. Var. dial, uses in Irel. and Eng. [bekan,
beaksn.]
1. A quarryman's name for layers of fibrous carbonate
of lime.
Dor. Damons Geol. Weymouth (1864) 106.
2. (i) To make, ptdl, bacon, to make a derisive gesture,
'take a sight,' put the thumb to the nose and spread out
the fingers ; (2) to save one's bacon, to come off without
injury, save oneself from harm ; (3) to strike bacon, to
cut a mark in the ice in sliding ; cf to strike a candle.
(i) N.I.' He made bacon at me ; the remark that accompanies
BACON
[123]
BAD
this gesture is ' Could j'ou eat bacon that fat ! ' w.Yks. The
officers spoke to him, when he put liis fingers to his nose and
pulled bacon at them, A'. & Q. (1887) 7lh S. iv. 325. Clis.' [The
action of pulling or making bacon] is frequently accompanied by
the query * Have you ever seen bacon so thick ?' War. (J.R.W. 1
Dev.3 The words used are ' Didce ivver zee bacons that thick ?'
to which the reply is 'Noa,rot in thy mother'scupboard.' (2) Slang.
His friend having saved, to the letter, his bacon, Bariiam Ingoldiby
(1864) Mmhant of Venice. (3 Wil.'
3. Contp. (i) Bacon-bee, see Bacon-fly; (2) -dumpling;
(3) -fly, Dennesles laidaiius, a small beetle, the larva of
whicli eats bacon ; (4) -ham ; (5) -hog, see Bacon-pig ;
(6) -hooks; (7) -rack ; (8) -pig, a pig of a size to make
bacon; (9) -pudding; (10) -settle.
(l) Lei.^ The bacon-bee is black, with a band of brown. What
is a bacon-bee, Mrs. D. ? — Oh, it's loike a paason [parson,
the common black beetle] but not so big. (a) Oxf.' A bacon
dumpltn is made of bacon cut into small pieces, and mixed with
sage and onions. (3^ n.Lin.' (4) Sc. His face was like a bacon
ham, Ramsay Tea-Ta'le Misc. (1724) H. 129, ed. 1871. (51 Suf.
As fat as a bacon-hog 1 F. H.). (6 n.Lin.' Bacon-hooks are fastened
into the beams of a kitchen or larder on which bacon is hung to
dry. (7^ Oxf.' Bacon-rack, a rack on the ceiling of farm-houses
where sides of bacon are stored, MS. add. Hmp.' w.Som.' The
bacon-rack is suspended horizontally under the beams in most
farm-house kitchens ; here the bacon dries, and is kept safely from
rats and cats. (8) Shr. Those who are industrious and rear
plenty of potatoes, contrive still to kill a bacon-pig in winter,
Marshall Rrfiew (1818) H. 242. w.Som.' Wai, u zaak u
baa'rlee mae-ul ul mak u bae'ukn-paig oa un [why, a sack of
barley meal will make a bacon-pig of himl. nw.Dev.' (9" Oxf.'
A bacon pudding is made like a roUv-poly jam pudding, with the
bacon, (i'c., substituted for jam. (10; w.Som.' The settle consists of
a curved seat six or seven feet long, and having a very high back,
often forming cupboards with folding doors, nearly reaching to the
ceiling. ... It is often called bacon-settle, from the use to which
the cupboards are applied [5. v. Settle].
Hence Bacony, adj. of the nature of, appertaining to,
bacon.
n.Yks. It hez a bacony flavour (I.W.).
[2. (2) ' To save tlie b.icon ' is a phrase for preserving
one's self from being hurt ; borrowed from the care of
housewives in the country, where they have seldom any
other provision in the house than dried bacon, to secure
it from the marching soldiers, Johnson ; But here I
say the Turks were much mistaken, Who, hating hogs,
yet wished to save their bacon, Byron Don Juan, vii. 42 ;
No tricks shall save your bacon. Fielding Author's Farce
(1729) III. 3. (5) My followers are smooth, plump, and
buxom, ... as so many bacon-hogs, Kennet Praise of
Folly (1709), ed. 8, 17 (Dav.); A baken hog, Saginatus
porcus, Robertson Phras. (1693).]
BACON, see Birken.
BACON-AND-EGGS,s(!>. Wil. Liiiaria vulgaris,ye\\ow
Toad-flax ; so called from the two shades of yellow in the
flower. See Eggs-and-Bacon.
Wil.'
BACON-CRATCH, see Cratch.
BACONER, sb. Hrt. [be'k3n3(r).] A pig kept for
bacon.
Hrt. Ellis Mod. Husb. (1750) I. i.
[Bacon + -er, cp. porker.]
BACON-FLICK, sb. Yks. [be'ksn-flik.] A flitch of
bacon.
n.Yks.2
[B.ikon-niks, beffe-flicks, York Wills (1462) II. 261
(N.E.D.). Bacon -^ /lick. q.\:]
BACON-SILT, sb. limp. A trough in which bacon is
salted.
Hmp.'
BACON-STAYBAND, sb. Yks. A strip of bacon-fat
bound across the windpipe to cure a sore throat.
n.Yks.2
BACON-SWORD, sb. Stf. Lei. War. Wor. Also
written baconsoord, -sward Stf Lei. [bekan-swsd,
•swad.] The rind of bacon. See Sword.
n.Stf. As if they'd never tasted nothing better than bacon-sword
and sour cake, Cr.o. Eliot A. Dede (1859) I. 138. LeU, War.',
ne.Wor. (J.W.P.)
yBacon 4 sivord (OE. sweard, the skin of baconl]
BACON-TREE, sb. Lan. A humorous term for pig,
' growing bacon.'
Lan. Whether the parson would have cared to leave the ' nut-
brown ' [ale] for a sight of a whole Smithlicid of * bacon trees,'
Briekiev Marlocks (^1867) 131 ; I must go and look at my bacon-
trees (S.W.).
BACON-WEED, sb. Dor. The plant Chenopodium
album, goosefoot.
Dor. 67. I 185O; Dor.'
[It has been asserted that the plant is so called because
it denotes rich, fat land. The following extract, however,
suggests another explanation of the name : It is reported
that it (Goose-foot) killcth swine if they do eate thereof,
Gerarde Heib. (ed. 1633) 329.)
BAD, adj. and «(/<■." Sc. Ircl. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Chs. Stf. Lin. Rut. Lei. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo.
Oxf Biks. Snm. Dev. [bad, baed]
1. adj. Prollignte, tyrannical, and cruel in conduct.
w.Som.' Ke-z u hae ud luy u baewt fuulur, ec doa'n aa'rlcc kaar
uur aum noaurt [he is a profligate, drunken fellow, he scarcely
carries her I his wife home anything — i.e. of his w,iges]. A shock-
ing bad fellow would mean always a drunken profligate.
2. fn) III, sick, in pain.
Slg. How are you '—Very bad (G.W.^. Edb. 'Y'e're looking gey
bad [very ill) (J.W.M.). N.I.' He has been bad this month and
more. Ant. A wus ver^' bad, Ballymctm Obs. (1892). Nhb. He
lucks, poor body, verra bad, Wii.sON Pilman's Pay 1^1826; 15;
Cumfort us wiv apples, for aw's bad o' luve, RoBSON S»g. Sot.
(18601 ii. 5; Nil').' Cum., Wm. (M.P.) n.Yks. Mah teeas is seea
bad, TwEDDLLL Clcvcl. Rliymes (1875) 68; n.Yks.' She's dcsput
bad in her booels an' sair fullered on wiv a lax, ne.Yks.'
w.Yks. I [he] W3 Aat bad wol fouk Jiout i wa ban ts di i,J.W.).
ne.Lan.' Chs.' Awl'u' bad wi" roomatics. Stf.^ Tell 'eryer mother's
very bad. n.Lin.' He's tekken bad wi' th' ohd complaaint,
an' I doan't think he'll get olier it this time. sw.Lin.' Bad of
a fever. War.' ^^ s.Wor. Porson Quaint IVds. (18751 20. Shr.'
Mother's bad. cr canna spar me to goo to school. Hrf. He was
bad, Ellis Ptuiiiiiic. (18891 V. 74. Glo. Ei bee uncom on baad
(E.D.^; Er's very bad today; very bad 'er be, Bl'ckman
Dartre's Sojourn 1890) 1 21. Brks.' A was bad vor a year or moor
avoor a died. w.Som.' I bin that bad, I 'ant a'sard [earned] zix-
pence, is dree weeks. Dev. When 1 were bad , . , and forced to
lie abed, O Neill Idytts (1892) 87.
Hence Badness, sickness, illness, disease.
s.Chs.' There's a jell [deal] o' badn'ss i' th' country. Stf.* It's
bin desprit I.Trbadnas dliis lar. Dev. The ded body's han didden
kure the harm, vur berth the same badness now, Giles in n.Dev.
Jm. (Sept. 17. 1885 6, col. 5.
(b) Phr. (1) bad-a-bcd, so ill as to be obliged to remain
in bed ; (21 bad in oneself, ill generally, but without any
particular local ailment ; (3) bad way {in a), dangerously
ill; (4) bad yellow, the plague.
{r Oxf.' MS. add. w.Som.' Plaise mum, father's bad-abed, and
mother zen me uji vor t'ax o* ee. vor to be so kind's to gee un a
drap o' spurit. nw.Dev.' (2) Oxf.' Whur be in pain ? — Noo'er,
I be bad in myself, MS. add. (31 w.Som.' I be ter'ble afeard her's
in a bad way [that she will die]. (4) Bwk. The pestilence some-
times called 'the bad yellow,' Henderson Pop. PJiynies ^18^6) 131.
3. Sorrowful.
s.Chs. Only used with v. ' to be.' To be bad about a thing
(T.D.I: s.Chs.' They'm bad abowt this Liberal mon bein chuckt
aTt. Stf.^ Mrs. Jackson's felin very bad abait Or sUn as is gon jed.
Hence Bad-hearted, melancholy, miserable, down-
hearted.
n.Lin.'
4. Difliciilt, hard.
Cum. That's bad to beat fM.P.') ; Cam.' Bad to bide. Wm.
Whenivver Tomson set hisscl i' that w.iy, he war bad ta shift. Jack
KoBisoNAald Taates (1882 "i 3. n.Yks.' ne.Yks.' Bad to do. bad to
find, are universal. e.Yks.' Bad-tl-beeat. w.Yks. ' Coal is bad ta
git ' when the roof is dangerous. A cheat, sharper, or bad-
tempered man is ' bad ta dew wi',' Li;cas Stud. Aidderdate (c. 1883).
n.Lin.' Haxey field's bad to beat fer grawin taaties an' wheat year
eftcr jear. sw.Lin.' He's bad to light of. Lei.' 'A's a bad un
to beat.' common eulogy of a horse, dog, prize-fighter, gamecock,
&c. War.23 Hrt. He's a bad one to part [close-fisted] iG HG.).
R 2
BAD
[124]
BADGE
Colloq. Faith ! you were bad to follow, Smart Rathkelly (1888)
I. V.
5. In arrears, behindhand.
Lei.i His illness threw us bad with the clothing club. Rut.'
She got a quarter bad in her rent. War.23
6. In compar. and superl., Ladder, baddesf, worse,
worst.
Cum.'' Many a badder thing med happen. It's t baddest thing
'at could hevhappen't. w.Yks. Jim's a bad lad, but Tom's badder,
an' 'Walk's t'baddest i' t'lot, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (,]n\y 11, 1891);
w.Yks.i nXin.i I've knawn badder things then this happen to a
man, avast sight. It was the baddest year we iver hed fer wild
ducks. Lei.' Oi nivver knood a badder man nur what that man
weer. War.^^
7. adv. Very much.
s.Oxf. Now, las' week there was a job doin' up at the squire's,
an' I wanted to go bad, Rosemary Chilterns (1895) 92.
8. Phr. (i) Bad hick top end, defective in mental powers;
(2) bad-off, in poverty ; (3) bad off for, poorly furnished
with ; (4 ) bad place, a child's name for hell ; (5) bad to do,
in poor circumstances ; (6) bad to like, of unpromising
appearance ; (7) bad way (in a), ruined ; (8) bad-weather
Gcordy, the cockle-seller whose trade is most flourishing
at the' stormiest season of the year ; (9) not half bad, not
so bad, very good.
(i) Chs.i Thah's getten bad luck top end, thah cumberlin ; Chs.'^
(2) s.Stf. Them as used to ha' plenty o' money bin bad enough off
now, PiNNOCK B/*. Cy. Ann. (1895). Oxf.' I.^W.^ They be
miserable bad off. w.Som.' Poo ur dhing, uurz u laf- tuur-ubl
bae-ud oaf luyk [poor thing, she is left very badly off]. (3) Dor.
He's bad off vor apples to-year, Barnes G/.X1863). (4) N.I.i, e.Yks.'
w.Som.i Neef yiie bae-un u geo'd maayd-n zai yur praa'yurz-n
keep yur chuurch, yiie ul geo tu dhu bae-ud plae'us [if you are
not a good girl, and say your prayers and keep your church, you
will go to the bad place]. (5") 'War. (J.R.W.) Hrf.' Bad to do in
the world. (6) n.Yks.^ e.Yks. There's a pluke cummin upov his
aym, at's bad ti like, Nicholson Fti-Sp. (1889) 92. (7) w.Som.i
Neef ee- doan au'ltur uz an, ee ul zeon bee een u baeud wai [if
he does not change his course he will soon go to the bad al-
together]. (8) Nhb. The sailor, when he hears the cry of ' cockles
alive,' concludes that a storm is at hand, and breathes a prayer,
backwards, for the soul of Bad- weather Geordy,' Oliver Rambles
(1835) 207 ; Nhb.' (9) War.2 This pie's not half bad, or 'not so
bad.'
[2. Bad, sick ; as, he is very bad a-bed, Bailey (1755) ;
To be very bad [sick], vehenieitter laborare, pessiine se habere,
Coles (1679). 6. But as it is, it may be better, and were
it badder, it is not the worst, Lyly Eiiphnes (1579) (Nares);
They demen gladly to the badder ende, Chaucer C. T.
F. 224.]
BAD, si.' Glo. Wil. [bsed.] The pericarp or green
outer husk of a walnut, used sometimes also of filberts
and other nuts.
Glo. iH.T.E.) ; At Staunton, near Red Marley, bad is also used
for the husks of filberts and other nuts (H.S.H.); Glo.' Bad or
bod. n.WiL (G.E.D.)
BAD, sb.' Sh.I. Any article of clothing.
Shi. (K.I.) S. &Ork.'
BAD, sb.^ Obsol. Yks. Lan. Chs.
1. A small knot of wood, or short, thick stick (sometimes
sharpened at the ends like a ' tip-cat,' q.v.), used in playing
the game of bad. See below.
Hence (i) Badding, vbl. sb. playing at hockey with
sticks and a wooden ball or piece of wood called a kiffey ;
Bad-stick, sb. also called Bat-stick, (2) a long tapering
stick with a pummel-head, used to drive the 'gell' or
'knur' in the game of 'knur-and-spell'; (3) the game now
known as ' shinty ' or ' knur-and-spell ' (q.v.).
(i) Ch3.i3 (2) w.Yks. (S.K.C.) ; (J.T.) ; Seldom heard except
among farmers or old men, Leeds Merc. Siippl. (Dec. 27, iSgo).
(3") Lan. Obsol. The name is known to elderly people round
"Wigan, though boys now call the game 'shinty' i^S. W.).
2. A rude kind of cricket, in which usually the bat is
replaced by a ' besom-stale ' and the ball by a piece of
stick or ' bad.'
w.Yks. The ' bad' was thrown with a whirling motion to the boy
with the ' steyl,' who struck the ' bad ' and then ran to the goal-
stone, which counted one, and back again, if there was time, which
counted two. The ' bad ' was thrown in to either the stone at
which the player stood to strike, or the goal-stone, and if it struck
either stone before the player touched it with the hedge-stake,
he was out (M.F.). w.Yks.^ Lakin' at bad means playing at bat,
a rude kind of cricket, with a bat and ball, and wall toppings for
wickets. There was no lakin' at bad sixty years ago ; they call
it 'cricket' naa. Lan. Playing at t'bad, Harland & Wilkinson
Leg. (1873)150; (J.L.)
3. A game, prob. the same as trippet or tip-cat, q.v.
Yks. To play at bad w"" a badstick, to play at cat or trippet w""
a catstick or trippet stick (K.).
Hence Bad-lump, sb.
Lan. A bad-lump is a flat piece of wood fixed to a hazel rod to
strike the bad with after it is flirted up from the edge of a stone by
a gentle tap, the game being who can send the bad to the greatest
distance (J.L.).
BAD, V. Obsol. Nhp. Glo. Wil. Also written bod
Nhp.2 Glo.' [baed.j To remove the outer green husk
from walnuts.
Nhp.'^ Glo. Cum and bad the bannefs, Grose (1790) ; Declaring
that he might go and ' bad the bannuts ' somewhere else. Household
IVds. (1885) 141 ; Glo.'s Wil. Gave me a basketful of green wal-
nuts, and then asked for them back ' to bad em ' (G.E.D.) ; Wil.'
BADDERS, sA./"/. Sc. Also in form bathers ; baddords
Abd. Low raillery.
Sc. Bathers is in very common use (J.W. M.l. Abd. Ye're but
scant o' grace. To tell sic baddords till a bodie's face, Ross Hele-
nore (1768') 6r, ed. 1812 : Usually badders (G.W.).
BADDISH, adf In gen. dial. use. [ba'dij, baedij.]
Rather bad.
Not.' Lei.' They're pretty baddish this turn. 'War.^ He is in
a baddish way, I fear.
BADDLE, V. Chs. [ba'dl.] To fool away.
Chs. He'sbaddliiig all his money awaj' (E. M.G.).
BADDOCK, sb. Sc. The fry of the coal-fish, Gadiis
carbonarius. Also called Prinkles.
Abd. 'We catched in the tide whiles the haddock and fluke,
Anderson R/tynies (1851) ; Gray fish called haddocks, Statist Ace.
XVI. 551 (Jam.) ; Satchell (1879).
BADE, V. Yks. Stf Not. War. Shr. Also written baad
w.Yks.' ; baade m.Yks.' [bed, bead.] To bathe in the
open air, in a pond, in a river, in the sea.
m.Yks.' Whear's tuh barn to baade at. Jack ? — At Sandy-lobby —
... ah baaded thear at drinking-time yesterder, an' it tuke us up
t'neck. w.Yks.' I aim to baad her i' th' beck, ii. 291 ; w.Yks.^
Come on, surrej', let's go an' bade us. St'.^ Oi beleve that lad's
gone a badin. Not. (W.H.S.) War. (Wright). Shr.' Bading.
Hence Bade, sb. a bath.
w.Yks. (J.W.) Stf.2 Cum an 'ave a bade, lads, th'wayter's ivver
so warm. "Not. (W.H.S.)
[This form is perhaps due to contam. of bathe with
wade.}
BADGE, sb} Oxf. [bsedz.] A moth of a medium size.
Oxf. (W.F.R.)
BADGE, sb.'^ Obsol. Sc. A large, ill-shaped bundle.
Sc. (Jam.) Slk. There came in a ' puir man ' carrying a bundle
of firewood, and said 'Will ye hae a badge o' sticks? ' (J.M.)
BADGE, v} Shr. Glo. Wil. [b»dg.] To buy up farm
and garden produce in order to sell it again at market.
Shr.l Glo. (H.S.H.) ; Glo.' 'Wil.' Obs. Md. to make pees [pro-
cess] against all the Badgers that doe badge without licence,
E.xtracts from Records of IVills Quarter Sessions (1576), Wills
Airti. Mag. XX. 327.
[Some others followed her [i. e. Fortune] by badging
land, Davies Humour's Heaven on Earth (1605), ed.
1876,37 (Dav.).]
BADGE, v.^ Obsol. Yks. Chs. Stf Der. Not. Lei. War.
Shr. To cut corn, peas, beans, cS:c. close to the ground by
means of a badging-hook, q.v. See Bag, v."
w.Yks.2 Done by ' driving' the corn with the left hand and cut-
ting close by the root with the hook in the right hand. Chs.'^,
s.Chs.', nw.Der.' Not. This word and the operation have been
almost extinct within this last twenty years (W.H S.). Lei.'
They havn't begun badging the beans yit. War.^ The growing
corn is grasped about halfway up the stalk, by the crook held in
the left hand, in a sufficient bundle forthe cut. Asharpblow with the
hook, held in the right hand, severs the growing stalks much closer
to the ground than is possible in reaping; hence the process was
in greater demand before the use of reaping machines. Shr.' Obs.
BADGE-
[125]
BADGING-BOOK
Hence Badging-hook, a curved hook resembling
a sickle, used in cutting corn, peas, beans, &c., also in
trimming hedges.
w.Yks.2 Chs.i It differs from the ordinary sickle in having a
broad smooth-edged blade instead of a narrow blade with a ser-
rated edge. s.Chs.', Stf.'^, nw.Der.i
BADGE-, see Bag.
BADGER, 5*.' Obsol. All n. counties to Dcr. Also Lin.
Lei. Nhp. War. Won Shr. llrf. Glo. Wil. Cor. Also
written bager Cor.^ ; badjer w.Yks.'
1. A corn-dealer, miller, or miller's man ; originally one
who was licensed to buy corn in one market to sell in
another. Also called a Swailer or Swealer.
n.Cy. 'As impudent as a badger's horse' is still a common
proverb, jV. (S- y. (1871) 4th S.vii. 245. Nhb.>, Dur.i, Cum. i M.P.),
Cum.' Wm. (B. K.) n.Yks.° w.Yks. Shopkeepers mix their
goods, badgers their flour, and publicans their drink, 'Eaves-
dropper ■ i'ill. Life 1,1869 16 ; A badger may also be a grinder of
corn, or he may not, Hlf.x. ll'ds. ; w.Yks."^^* Lan. An exact List of
all Badgers, Swealers, Corn-Dealers, Millers, Advl. ( 1757) quoted
in Maitch. City News (April 25, 1896). Chs.'^^ Der. Grose (1790)
MS. add. (P.); Der.'^ nw.Der.' e.Lin. Now an extinct occupation
(G.G.W.). Lei.l, Nhp.i, War.l Wil.' Used freq. in old accounts
in n.Wil. but now obs. Itm for stayeinge Badgers & keepinge
a note of there names viijW. Records of Chippfnhain (1620), ed.
Goldney, 202. Md. that 1 take order of the Badgers that they do
name the places where the Badgers do use to badge before they
resieve their lycens, E.xliacis fyoiti Records o/H'ills Quarter Sessions
(1576) Wilts Arch. Mag. XX. 327. Cor.
Hence Badger's clout, sb. a wisp of hay or straw used
to stop a hole in a sack.
w.Yks. (J.r.)
2. A huckster ; an itinerant dealer who buj's up farm
produce, &c., and carries it elsewhere to sell. Also used
specifically, as butter-badger, pig-badger, tea-badger.
n.Cy. Grose (1790") ; N.Cy.', Nhb.' Obs. Cuin. Carel badgers are
monstrous sad fvvok, The silly peer deils how they wring up,
Anderson Ballads (1805) 39, ed. 1881 ; Cum.', Wra.' n.Yks.
Butter ... is bought up by the badgers, who go round the
parish, Atkinson Moorl. Parish (1891) 10; n.Yks. '^ m.Yks.'
'i'hou's alwa\'S hungry : thou'd eat a badger oil* his horse. w.Yks.
Badger, a travelling, originally walking, grocer and butterman.
licensed victualler, Lucas Stud. Niddcrdale fc. 1882). n.Lan.',
ne.Lan.i, Chs.'^, Stf.'^. Der.^ War.'^; War.^ There is a badger
at the door with his basket. w.Wor.', s.Wor.' Shr.' In spite of
roguish badgers. The price it must come down, sir. Old S)ig. ;
Shr.', Hrf.' Glo. He is a butter-badger, you know lA.B.i; A
badger acts as a sub-factor between the producer and the larger
merchants or the consumer (S. S. B. ) ; Glo.'
3. One who keeps a small shop where groceries and
provisions are sold.
w.Yks. CuDWORTH Ilorton (1886") ; w.Yks.^ Lan. Davies Races
(1856)226; Eawer Alick keeps a badger's shop, Waugh Rawer
Folk I 1 859 ) St. 2 ; 7'hey han fur to goo to th' badgurs fur to get ther
stuffoppo tryste, Ormerod Fclley fro Rachde (1864) iii ; Lan.'
4. A wholesale grocer; one who buys and sells in batches.
e.Lan.'
[1. Badger [in law], one who has a licence to buy corn
in one place and sell it in another, a dealer in corn, Asii
(1795) ; A badger, or carrier of corn, or a buyer of corn
to sell it again, Robertson Phras. (1693) ; A badger, cehii
qiii parte on voicttire le bled de lien en lieu pour le vendre,
Sherwood; The wealth of this town consisteth much in
buying of corne and selling it againe to the mountaines,
for all the inhabitants be as it were a kinde of hucksters or
badgers, Holland Camden (1610), ed. 1637, 555; Item
that the clerke of the Merkett doth suffer baggers to by the
corn in the merket afore the bakers and brwers of this
town be serued, Noitingham Records ( 1530), ed. Stevenson,
HI. 364 ; Bagers, suchasbryngeth whete totowne, aswele
in trowys (barges) as othervvyse, by lande and by vvatir, in
kepyng downe of the market. Ordinance of the office of
Mayor of Bristol (i^-jC)) \n English Gilds, ^2^. 2. Badger,
a huckster, Bailey (1721); Badger, one that buys corn,
salt, or other victual in one place to transport it to another
for gain, Blount (1670).]
BADGER, sb.'^ Nhb. Dur. Yks. [ba-d^ar.] A thin
stratum of a coarse mixture of coal and carbonate of
lime or pyrites, freq. found Ij'ing at the roof of a seam
of coal, Greenwell. See Brat.
Nhb. A very thin stratum lying between the coal seam and the
next stratum above it, and partaking frequently of the nature of
both R.O.H.); Nhb.' Dur. Z?o(7>/i's(i88i) II. 124. w.Yks. (H.V.)
BADGER, t'.' Sc. Wm. Yks. Lan. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp.
War. Wor. Shr. Glo. Brks. LW. Wil. Dev. [bad^air;,
bae'd23(r).] To tease, worry, torment ; to beat.
Fif. ■ Badger the loon ' is a common expression (Jam.\ Wm.'
Cum don't badger ma ! n.Yks.' Mebbc t'lad's not mich aboon
a gauvison ; but they badgered him ower sair for owght. e.Yks,'
MS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks.' Lan. Awm a bit fond o' badgcrin'
eawr Betty, Terguson Preston Eggsibishiin (1865I v; Yore a
brave lot, yo' are, badgerin' a slip o' a wench loike this, BuRNETfT
Lotvn'e (1877) ii ; Owd Lot Foure'en badgert him wi' sayin,
' Will yo' regester it neaw ? * Ferguson Mottdywarfi, 4. ne.Lan.'
Not. (J.H.B.) n.Lin.', Lei.', Nhp.', War.2 w.Wor.' E'll badger
you as if it wuz ever so ! ae.Wor.' Shr.' E's al'ays badgering
some one; never 'eed 'im. Glo. Don't badger him so (A.B.).
Brks.' If a badgers 'un any moor a ooll get his back up. s.Cy.
HoLLOWAV. I.W.' Wil. Baggering a sould as ye do, Penrud-
DOCKE Content \ i860) 30. Dev. You thief! you baggerin' gert liar!
Phillpotts ZJar/wioor (1896) 117. Slang. Which I meantersay,
that if you come into my place bull-baiting and badgering me,
come out, Dickens Gt. E.vpectations (i86o) xviii.
Hence Badgeran, vbl. sb. a beating.
n.Sc. He got a badgeran he winna seen forget (W.G.).
[The word means lit. to treat like a badger (or brock),
which is ' used to be hunted,' Johnson ; A ' brock "...
led such a persecuted life, that to 'badger' a man came
to be the strongest possible tenn for irritating, perse-
cuting, and injuring him in every way, Wood Anecd.
Anim. Life (1855) 238 (N.E.D.).]
BADGER, v.^ Yks. Lan. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Glo.
[ba'dg3(r), bEe'dg3(r).] To beat down in price, to haggle
over a bargain.
n.Yks.' lie wad ha' badgered me doon to nowght ; n.Yks.*
w.Yks. He's niver satisfied ; he's alius badgering and baiting,
Leeds Merc. Siipfl. (July 11, 1891); Banks ll'kflJ. ll'ds. U865).
ne.Lan.', n.Lin.', Lei.' Nlip.' You needn't badger me any longer,
I won't sell it no cheaper. War.'' Glo. Joseph fot out his cam
weout badgering, Leg. Peas. (1877^ 63.
Hence Badgerer, one who makes another abate his
price.
n.Yks.2
[The same as Badger, sb.^]
BADGER-PIED, adj. Hmp. [bsedga-paid.] Badger-
coloured, tawny.
Hmp. Applied to the tame boars found in the New Forest, Wise
A'ew Forest 1 1883I 259 ; Hmp.' [A colour of hounds indicative of
strength, Mayer S/'t-i>iiit. Direct. (1845) 147.]
BADGER'S BAND, //;r. ? Obs. Hmp. The clashing
of kettles, pans, &c., in front of the house of an obno.xious
person ; a rural form of punishment for notorious
offenders. Cf. rough music.
Hmp. For wife-bcatcrs. husband-beaters, and men guilty of
certain flagrant breaches of chastity . . . our good Hampshire folks
reserve the punishment of ' rough music,' or the badger's band,
A', tf Q. (i860') 2nd S. X. 258. [Not known to our correspondents.]
[Conn. w. badq;er (the animal), see Badger, I'.'l
BADGE-SHOP, sb. Lan. [badg-Jop.] A small shop
where groceries and provisions are- so\d,gen. on credit ;
known also as a ' badge.'
Lan. He keeps a badge-shop (S.W.) ; Maneh. City News (Maya,
1896) ; In a village near Bury, some years ago, the only grocer's
shop was called the badge, ib. i^May 9, 18961 ; She opened a small
grocery shop, or ' badge,' Westall Old Factory (1885) 115.
{Bads;e, the same as Badge, f.']
BADGET, 5*. An. [bae dgat.] A badger (the animal).
e.An.'* Suf. Very commonly used (F.H ); Suf.'
{Badgerd is an old name for the badger. As the selfe-
swelling badgerd . . . First at the entry of his barrow
fights, Sylvester Du Bartas (1598) 514 (N.E.D.). This
is supposed to be from badge (a mark) +-ard. The form
bad^et may be explained as a pron. oi badgerd.^
BADGING-BOOK, s6. Obsol. Lan. A book in \yhich
purchases on credit are entered, kept in the possession of
the purchaser.
BAD-LIKE
[126]
BAFF
Lan. ' Why, this is a badgiri' book,' cried th' visitor. Wood
Hum. Sketches, 96 ; Well-known in the neighbourhood of Bury.
On receipt of his or her wages, the customer is expected to dis-
charge the amount debited in the badgin'-book since the previous
settlement, Maiicli. City News (_May 2, 1896) ; More frequently
called 'shop-book' (,S. W.).
[See Badge, v.]
BAD-LIKE, adj. Yks. [ba-d-laik.] Of forbidding
aspect, ill-favoured.
n.Yks.2 A bad like fellow. e.Yks.i
BADLING, sb. Obsol. Sc. Wm. A worthless person.
Rxb. (W. H.H.) N.Cy.i Wm.' Known, but not in common use.
[A wregh to were a nobill scarlet goun, A badlyng,
furryng parsillit wele with sable ; It may wele ryme bot
it accordis nought, Pinkerton Sc. Poems (c. 1600) ed.
1792, III. 125 (Jam.). OE. bcvdliiig, an effeminate person,
der. oi baddel, hermaphrodite.]
BADLY, adj. and adv. Sc. and n. counties to Der.
Also Not. Lin. Rut. Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. e.An. Dev.
Sick, ill, unwell.
Sc. I have been badly for some time, Scolk. (1787') 15 ; I hae been
badly a' the time (J.W.M.). Wgt. Badly refers to incipient or
slight symptoms of illness (A.W.). n.Cy. Sadly badly, very ill,
Grose (1790) MS. add. (P.) ; N.Cy.l Nhb.» She's nobbut badly,
poor body. Dur.^ Cum. It is not often we meet her away from
home, unless it be among ' badly folk,' Rigby Midsummer (iBgi) i ;
Cum.3 It mead ivery body else badly to hear't, 12. Wm. Neeabody
ta . . . leeak eftre er when she wes badly. Spec. Dial. (1885)
pt. iii 12; Wm.i A doubt he's nobbet badly. n.Yks. Loike a bairn at
wur badly. Why John {Coll. L.L.B.) ; n.Yks.i Our Mary's very
badly, for seear ; n.Yks.^ A badly bout, a fit of illness ; n.Yks.^
e.Yks.i Nobbut badly. w.Y'ks. One on his childer fell badla,
Bywater Sheffield Dial. {i8y)) 122, ed. 1877; w.Yks.^ ; w.Yks.^
' Oh, Au'm badly with tooithwark,' &c.; but if really ill, they say
' poorly' ; w.Yks.^ How d' yuh feel to-daay then like Tommy? —
Badly, varry badly; t'weather suits noan on muh. Lan. Stop tell
tha' ert badly, an wants cuddlin up a bit, Ferguson Preston
Eggsibishun (1865I ix ; Hoo sed hoo thowt awd bin . . . badly
afoor, (A. Moudywarp, 16 ; Lan.', ne.Lan.l Clis.' Whey, aw'm
badly. Stf.' ; Stf.2 My mester inner o'er toppin this mornin, in
fac' 'e's feylin rayther badly. Der.* Th cawfs nowt amiss, but
the ka [cow]'s badly. nw.Der.^ s.Not. Are yer badly, lass ?
Prior Renie {1895) 261 ; Not.' n.Lin.' I'm a poor badly creatur
noo. sw.Lin.i He's nowt but a poor badly thing. She has two
badly bairns, and hersen badly too. The nurse fell badly [was
taken ill]. Rut.l Pepper' child baddly : gave them 4s. 6rf., Prsh.
Aces. (1708). Lei. Shi wer bad'li aul win'ter (C.E.) ; Lei.' A
favourite answer of an invalid to the inquiry * How^ are you V is,
' Sadly badly, sore and sickly.' Nlip.'^, War.^ Shr.' This term is
not nearly so strong as ' bad,' in the sense of ill. e.An.', Nrf.'
De V. Her wouldn't let me [come] 'cause her knowed you was badly,
O'Neill Idylls (1892) 14.
Hence JBadliness, illness, sickness.
Nhb.' Felt 'at he couldn't stan for badliness, Haldane Geordy's
Last (1878) 1 1. e.Lin. Very common (G.G. W.). sw.Lin.' There's
a deal of badliness about. It was the nurse as nursed me in my
first badliness.
BADLY, adv. In phr. (i) badly able, hardly able ; (2)
badly looking, of repulsive or evil appearance ; (3) badly
put on, shabbily or msufficiently clad.
(i) Cum. Badly able is common enough among older Dalesmen
(R.H.H.). (2) Wm.'A! what a badly-leukin chap that is. (3~1
Yks. A chap oot of place, and luck, mabbe, badly poot on and
dooncast, Fetherston Farmer, 7. e.Y'ks.' MS. add. (T.H.)
BAD MAN'S BREAD, /Ar. Yks. Biinium flexuosmn,
also known as Earth-nut, Pig-nut, &c., q.v.
BAD MAN('S OATMEAL, phr. (i) Capsella bnrsa-
/as/ons, Shcpherd's-purse (Dur.); (2) Cochlearia officinalis,
common Scurvy-grass (Dur.); (3) Coniunt niaculatian,
common Hemlock (Nhb. Dur. Yks.).
(3) Nlib.' Also called Deed-man's oatmeal. e.Yks. The flowers
of the ' humlock ' are known as ' badman-whotmeal,' Nicholson
/"W-Z,ore (1890) 122 ; e.Yks.'
BAD MAN'S POSIES,//)/-. Nhb. Lamium purpuremn,
red Dead-nettle.
BAD-NAUGHT, sb. Lan. [bad-naut, -nout.] A
worthless, good-for-nothing person.
Lan. Theaw yung bad nawt, Scholes Tim Gamwattle (1857)
29; A name applied to a naughty boy or a bad man, Manch. City
News (Apr. 25, 1896). s.Lan. Bad-nowt, a fairly common term
(F.E.T.).
[Bad + nowt (nothing, applied to persons), see Naught ]
BADNESS, sb. Yks. [ba'dnas ] Depravity, active
wickedness, vice.
n.Yks.' Nobbut a ragally chap, at allays had a vast o' badness
iv 'im ; n.Yks.* Yan o' t'warst mak o' badness. ne.Yks.' There's
neca badness aboot her. e.Yks.'
[As duteous to the vices of thy mistress As badness
would desire, Shaks. K. Lear, iv. vi. 259; The bewte of
hir body in badnesse she dispended, P. Plowman (b.)
XII. 49.]
BAD STICK, see Bad, sb?
BAD-YABBLE, «((>. Obsol. Yks. Unable.
n.Yks.2
BAERIE, sb. Sh.I. A boar pig.
Sli.I. (K.I.) S.&Ork.i
\Baer-\--ie (-y). Baer repr. bair, n.dial. pron. of boar.
Certane landis namit the Bairrink, because ane bair . . .
was slane in the said feild, Bellenden Citron, (is'^6)
XII. 15.]
BAESSY-FLAAS, sb. pi. Sh.I. Litter for cattle, com-
posed of heather and dry earth.
Sh.I. Still used, but more fiequently the words are heard
separately. A beasy or bizzy is just the compact mass of litter
composed of heather or straw and dry earth, which has accumu-
lated in a cow-house for so long that it has to be torn ofl the
floor. Each piece would be a flaa, just what is ' flayed off' (K.I.).
S. &Ork.'
[Baessy is cogn. w. Norw. dial, bysja, to strew the floor
with coarse grass, leaves, or straw (Aasen). See Flaa.]
BAFF, 56.'^ Sc. [baf, bef.]
1. A blow, stroke, shot ; a dull, heavy thud.
Sc. For fear John Heatherbluttcr, or some siccan dare-the-deil,
should tak a baff at them, Scott Waverley (1814) 1-^"' \ To hae a
bafl' at the popinjay, ib. Old Mortality (1816J vii ; He gaft" Clark's
broggit-stafl" Siccan a baff, Drummond Muckomaehv (1846) 35 ; For
a whole hour they would hae been at it, balT for bafl", Roy
Horseman (1895) i. n.Sc. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; He cam
doon wi' a bef on's doup iW.G.).
2. A Stroke in golf, in which the ground is struck with
the sole of the club-head.
Sc. (Jam. Suppl.)
[Brabant dial, baj, baffe, a blow (Idiot. 26, cited in
ScHUERMANS Siippl.). Cp. G. baf, interj. 'fragorem indicans,'
and bdffen, to strike (Grimm).]
BAFF, sA.* Yks. [baf.] A suppressed bark.
n.Yks. (I.W.) w.Yks. The suppressed bark of a dog, the
ghost of a sound. Dyer Dial. (1891) 95.
[The same as Baff, t'.^j
BAFF, sb.^ Sh.I. [baf.] A cold, the effects of expo-
sure to cold.
Sh.I. A dose of cold after exposure to bad weather (K.I.).
S. & Ork.i
[Perh. the same word as BafF, sb.^ ; see Baff, v.^, 2.]
BAFF, rtn>'. Nhb. Dur. [baf]
1. Of cards: valueless, worthless ; not a trump.
Nhb. ' Th's nee use playin, aa've gettcn sic a baff hand.' Said by
a partner who has received a bad deal in the game of whist
(R.O.H.); Aa had some pictors but a bad, baff hand (T.E.F.);
Nhb.'
2. Of wood: useless, woDthless. See BafF-end.
Nhb. The outer or 'sappy' portion of a tree is valueless for
joinery. In a plank this ' sappy ' part is called the baff-edge, and
is cut off and thrown aside for firewood. A foreman's instruction
to his joiner is thus given ; ' Rip the baff-edge off' [saw off the
useless edge] (R.O.H.).
3. Of a week or day : the alternate week or day of that
week on which the fortnightly wages are not paid.
N.Cy.' The week in which pitmen receive no pay is called the
'baff-wcek.' Nhb. Several collieries in Northumberland . . . decided
to cancel their recent voting in favour of not working on 'bafl'
Saturday. It is expected that other collieries will follow in the
footsteps of the workmen of East Holywell, who were, it is
understood, about the first to make the proposition in favour of
the abolition of work on a 'baff' Saturday, Newc. IVkly. Chron.
(Dec. 14, 1889) 8, col. 4 ; The newspapers reported an agitation at
the collieries to have Baff Saturday made a holiday as well as
BAFF
[127]
BAG
Pay-Saturday (A.S.P.) ; Mining workmen are usually paid fort-
nightly on ' Pay ' Fridays. The following day is called ' Pay
Saturday,' and the alternate Saturday ' liaiT Saturday,* Gt. Lab.
(1894) ; Nhb.' A pitman, if paid fortnightly, speaks of the alternate
weeks as ' the bair week,' and ' the pay week.' The Haff week is
o'er — no repining — Pay .Saturday's swift on the wing, Robson
Collier's Pav Week {t!i6■i^ 237. Nhb., Dur. Gkcenwlll Coal Tr.
01. I 18491 ;' Nicholson Coal Tr. 01. (,1888).
[The same word as Bauch.]
BAFF, v.^ Sc. Also written beflf (Jam.), [baf, bef]
1. To beat, to strike.
Sc. iJa"-) i Grose (1790I US. add. (C.) ; Has ne'er in Mony-
musk been seen Sae mony weel-beft skins, Skinner Poems
(1859) 12. n.Sc. (W.G.)
2. To strike the ground with the sole of the club-head in
playing golf.
Sc. I Jam. Si<fipl.)
3. To struggle, either against illness or weather.
Sh.I. Used when speaking of struggling with any illness,
but chiefly when speaking of animals, suflTcring uneasily (^K.I.\
S. & Ork.' To buflfet a storm.
[The same word as Baff, iA.']
BAFF, v.^ Yks. Lin. Also written bef w.Yks." ; beff
n.Lin.' [baf, bef]
1. To bark gently, in a low tone.
m.Yks.' A dog balTs when it dares not bark, though it may
happen that it commits itself in the latter way at intervals.
Hence Baffing, (i) vbl. sb. ; (2I />pl. culj.
(I I Lin.', n.Lin.' (2I w. Yks.* When a dog hunts for game in
a wood he is said to make a baffing noise,
2. To cough, to hack.
w.Yks.* To cough short, with little movement, and a quick
noise; generally prelusive to a violent 'coughing bout.' Coughing
an' beffing t'daay through.
Hence Bafiing, vbl. sb. coughing, hacking.
n.Lin.*
[To baffe, as a dog, la/rare. Levins Mattip. ; Baffyn as
howndys, baiilo, baffo, latro. Prompt. Cp. Du. baffen, to
barke (He.xham) ; MHG. baffen (Lexer); Bavar. dial.
baffen, bffen, to bark like a fox, to quarrel (Schmeller).J
BAFF, V? Sh.L [baf.] To bathe an injured part to
give it relief.
Sh.I. (K.I.)
BAFF-END, sb. Nhb. Dur. [ba'f-end.]
1. The partly decayed or root end of a tree or log.
Nhb.' The partly decayed, split, or root end of a log or tree of
timber is called the bafl" end ; and from the baff ends, or otherwise
useless pieces or ends of timber, are cut bafTs, which are used to
keep the wooden cribs in position, when sinking pits in our North-
■Country.
Hence Baflf-ended, />/>/. adj. worthless, blunted.
N.Cy.' Picks are so called when the points are off. Nhb.'
2. A wooden wedge used to keep cribs in position.
Nhb. A kind of blunt wedges driven in behind the cribbing in
order to pack up the space behind. Odds and ends of timber are
cut up for the purpose, and any waste ends of wood will do for it
(R.O H.). Nhb., Dur.GKEENWELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
[Baff, the same word as BafF, ni^'.]
BAFFER, sb. Sh.I. A struggle.
Sh I. (K.I.) S. & Ork.' To get a bafler, to have a struggle
against a storm.
[Baff, wh.'' + -er.]
BAFFLE, 56. Sc. A trifle, thing of no value.
S. & Ork.', Or.I., Sth (Jam.)
[A der. of 6(T^(adj.), q.v. It is the same word as Bauchle.]
BAFFLE, V. Chs. Stf. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. VVor. Shr.
Glo. Oxf e.An. Ken. Sur. Sus. Also written boffle s.Chs.'
Stf. Lei.i Nhp.' War.=« se.Wor.' Shr.» Glo.» Oxf.' Ken.'
e.Sus. [bafl, bofl.]
L To confuse, perplex, worry, annoy.
s.Chs.' The questions put to a candidate at a political meeting
were said to be intended to boftlc him. Lei.' s.Wor. A robin
singing and flying about in church, caused the clergyman to
hesitate and stumble painfully and to conchule his sermon abruptly.
The comment of the congregation was, 'That there robin fairly
boffled the parson ' (R. M.E.). Shr.' I knowcd right well 'e wuz
tellin' me a lie, so I cross-waund 'im a bit an' soon bofHed 'is story.
Glo.', Oxf.'
Hence (i) Boffled, pp. confused, rendered stupid; (2)
BofBement, sb. a bother, state of perplexity.
(i) Sur.' A fox that has been repeatedly headed and prevented
from making his point is said ' to be regularly bofllcd.' (a; Glo.'
2. To impede, obstruct, thwart, balk.
s.Stf. I shall hit the mark if j-o' wo' boffle mejust as I'm shootin',
PiNSocK BIk. Cy. Ann. (1895). sw.Lin.' They seem to baffle us
off any how. Nhp.' The grass was so long, it quite boffled me to
get through it. War.* This long grass bofflcs my feet. When
I start to jump, keep still, or else you'll boffle me. Wor. Used of
almost any hindrance. When a boy is writing and another shakes
his arm he says, ' I wishes a'd mind wot a be atter, 'ee keps
bofflin' mah.' 'Ee maakes sich a despret n'ise, I con't read nothin, a
boffles mah (H.K.V se.Wor.' Ken.' I should ha' been here afore
now, only for de wind, that's what boffled me. e.Sus. Holloway.
Hence BaflBing, /i//. adj. impeding, obstructing.
Su- Nothing is more common at sea than to speak of a 'baffling
wind,' in the sense of a wind that varies so as to prevent a steady
course from being held (R.H.C.).
3. To twist irregularly, entangle ; cf. bauchle.
e.An.l Nhp. N. & Q. ^I889 j 7th S. vii. 337 ; Nhp.' Applied to
corn or grass irregularly beaten down by wind or rain. ' Scraily '
is synonymous; but if grain be regularly beaten down in one direc-
tion it is said to be ' laired.'
Hence Baffled, ppl. adj. beaten about, entangled.
Nrf.' Standing corn or grass, beat about by the wind or stray
cattle, are said to be ' balfled about ' or baffled. Nickled, snaffled,
and waited, are other terms applied to standing corn beat about
by wind or rain. Suf. Rainbiru Agric. (1819) 287, ed. 1849 ! Suf.'
4. To cheat, humbug, make a fool of
Lei. Used to describe a cattle-dealer (for instance) trying to get
round a purchaser to buy his cattle, so as to gain an advantage
over him (C.E ) ; Lei.', e.An.'
5. Of children or animals : to manage capriciously, to
bring up badly.
e.An.' He was sadly baffled in his bringing up. Nrf.'
6. To insult, bully, tease.
Lei.'
7. To strike, beat.
Lei.' Oi boffled un o'er the yead wi' the mop. Nrf.' Suf.' 'A
[he] baffled 'em about the hid.
[1. Baffled, confounded, Asir (1795). 2. To baffle
[disappoint], fnisiror. Coles (1679). 4. To baffle, or
befool one, dehidere, Robertson Phras. (1693) ; But
friends are men, and love can baffle lords, Greene Fr.
Bacon (c. 1590) v. 83. 6. Alas, poor fool, how have they
baffled thee 1 Shaks. Tiuelfth Nt. v. i. 377.]
BAFFLER, s6. Chs. War. [bafl3(r).] A. top rail to
a sunk fence or wall.
Chs.'^ A rail to ' baffle ' any attempt of cattle, but particularly
sheep, to break fence. War. ^J.R.W.)
{Baffle, vb. + -«■>-.]
BAFFLES, sb. pi. Nhp. [baeflz.] Gaiters, leggings.
See Boflflers.
Nhp. His threadbare suit of labourer's clothes, patched top and
bottom, with leather baffles and gaiters to match, Martin Lije of
Clare (18651 112.
BAFFLET, sb. Nhb. [baflat] A wooden mallet for
killing salmon.
Nhb.' It is esteemed very unlucky to produce the bafBct until
the fish are drawn ashore.
\Baffle, vb. 7 + -et.\
BAFFOUND, v. Yks. To perplex, bewilder.
ni.Yks.' Thou'd baffound a stoop I [post].
Hence (i) Baffounded, />//. adj. perplexed, bewildered;
(2) Baflfounding, ppl. adj. perplexing, bewildering.
(i) n.Yks. Ah was gcttin' aboot baffoonded, nut bein' an able-
bodied man, Linskill Haven under Jiill \iW6) vii ; n.Yks.' (a)
n.Yks.^ He had a baffounding way with him [a cross- questioning
or harassing manner].
BAFFUM, sec Bargham.
BAG, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. Eng. [bag, baeg.]
1. A sack.
Chs.' s.Chs.' A bag o' cum. Glo.*
2. A dry measure of quantity or weight varying according
to locality and the nature of the contents. Of wheat,
potatoes, &.C., ffen. equivalent to three bushels.
Chs.' I'armcrs Irequcntly speak of having so many bags of
BAG
:i28]
BAG
wheat per acre ; in which case a sack containing four bushels is
intended. s.Chs.' A bag o' curn. Lei.^, Hrf.'' War.^ A bag of
potatoes contained so many pots, a bag of coal so many pounds,
and a bag of coke so many bushels. se.Wor.^ Shr. Morton
Cyclo. .4g)ic. (,1863). s.Wal. Bag of oats, 7 heaped measures or
8|^ striked, ib. s.Wor.' GIo. (A.B.l Ken. Bag of hops, 2 cwt.
2 qrs., Morton Cyclo. Agiic. (1863). w.Som.' Ordinarily, a bag is
a sack made to hold three bushels. Potatoes, apples, turnips, and,
in some local markets, corn, are always sold by the bag ; and for
each article the bag is by local usage understood to be a certain
fixed weight ; thus a bag of apples or turnips is always six
score, or 120 lbs., while of potatoes it is always 160 lbs. The
bag of corn of different kinds varies in different markets, and
as a grain measure is obsot. in most places. Dev. Bag of wheat,
2 bushels, Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863). nw.Dev.' A bag of po-
tatoes is seven score (140 lbs.); a bag of apples is four heaped
half-bushels ; and a bag of grain is two strike or imperial bushels.
s.Dev. On the borders of Dartmoor the ordinary equivalent is
a bag, i.e. half-a-sack of wheat, Henderson Flk-Lore [iQ-]^) ix.
3. The udder of any domestic animal.
N.Cy.', Nlib.i, Cum.^, Wm.^ Yks. One quarter ... of the bag
becomes inflamed, Knowlson Cattle Doctor (1834) 7. e.Yks.*,
w.Yks.l s.Chs. 1 Hoo's gotten a good bag. s.Not. That cow's got
a rare bag (J. P. K.). Lin.', n.Lin.' sw.Lin.' What a beautiful bag
she has! Nhp.2, War.' =, s.Wor.', se.Wor.i, Hrf.2, GI0.2, Oxfi
MS. add., Brks.i, e.An.^, Suf.', Hmp.' u.Wil. That there cow
have a-got a good bag (^E.H.G.). Wil.^, w.Som.i
4. (a) The stomach ; in//., sometimes, the entrails.
Sc. Ane may lo'e a haggis that wadna ha'e the bag bladed in
his teeth, Ramsay Prov. (1737). Slk. (Jam.) Nhb. Next to the
tents we hied te get Some stuffin for wor bags, man, Midford
Coll. Siigs. (1818)6; They thowt how weel their bags to stuff,
Marshall Siigs. (1829) 17; Nhb.', Cum.'^ Wm.' He's swelled
his bag. n.Yks. (I.W.) Stf.2 Na, just blow ysr bagz ait, ar ois'l
rekn ya dunar fansi moi mil-getin. n.Lin.' I have frequently found
the principal stomach or bag nearly eaten through by these
destructive vermin, Compl. Grazier (1810) 143.
(/)) The womb of any domestic animal.
n.Lin.l, w.Som.^
5. A cavity in a coal-mine ; usually in phr. bag of gas,
bag of ivater.
Nhb. An Account of a Bag of Water which was broke in his
greatest Colliery, North Life Guilford (c. 1733) 138, ed. 1742;
Nhb.' A cavity found occasionally in fiery seams of coal, containing
highly condensed gas. Usually called 'a bag of gas.' Also, a
cavity in a pit, filled with water, as 'a bag of water.' Nhb.,
Dur. Bag of gas, a cavity found occasionally in fiery seams of
coal, containing highly compressed gas, Greenwell Coal Jr.
Gl. (1849).
6. One of the short flues inside a potter's oven, con-
ducting the flame and heat from an oven-mouth into the
oven.
Stf.2 There are as many bags as oven-mouths or fires around
each oven.
7. The long-tailed Titmouse, Pants catidatits (Linn.).
Nhp. Swainson Birds (1885) 32; Nhp.i The nest of this skilful
little mechanist is called Bag's-nest, and it has other appropriate
local appellations, as Oven's-nest, Pudding-bag, Bum-barrel, and
Bottle-tit ; all allusive to the singular and cuiious construction of
its snug and elegant little mansion ; Nhp.^ The smallest of the
titmouse species.
8. Fig. An epithet applied to a child, playfully or as a
term of reproach.
Abd. A child is familiarly and kindly called ' a little bag,' or
otherwise ' a coorse bag ' (G. W.).
Cotnp. (i) Bag-fox, a fox brought in a bag to be turned
out before the hounds ; (2) -hosier, a small middleman
among the stocking-weavers of the villages of Not. ; (3)
•pudding, any pudding boiled in a cloth or bag; (4) -rope,
a rope used in thatching ; (5) -shakings, (a) the refuse,
last remains of anj'thing ; (6) the youngest of a large
family ; (6) -stuff, {a) sacking, (b) artificial manure sold in
bags.
(i) n.Lin.1 (2) s.Not. The bag-hosier gives work out for some
wholesale house, collects it, and carries it to the town in a con-
spicuous white bag, hence his name (J. P.K.). (3) n.Lin.l (4) Sc.
The bag-rope is kinched to the cross-ropes, then tied to what is
called the pan-rope, and fastened with wooden pins to the easing
or top of the wall on the outer side (Jam.). (5) (a) Cum.', Wm.'
(b) Cum. The last born of a large family, if the child be diminu-
tive and badly nourished (J. A.). (6) {a) Glo. Only a feaw owld
rags, bits o' bag-stuff an' the like for to cover 'erself wi', Buckman
Darke's Sojourn (1890) xvi. {b) Chs.*- Aw may no accaint o'
bag stuff.
Phr. I. (i) To get file bag, to be discharged from em-
ployment. (2) To give tlie bag, (a) to dismiss an employe,
cf Bag, V. ; (b) to disappoint the expectations of another,
to give the slip ; (c) to jilt in love. (3) To offer the bag, see
2 (a), (a,) To take the bag, see 1.
(I) Per. Ye'U get the bag gin ye canna behave better (G.W.).
Ir. The world may wag Since I got the bag For thousands have
got it before me, Old Stig. (P.W.J. ). Nhb. What myed ye get
the bag? Wilson Sii^s. (1890} 116; Nhb.' He's gettin' the bag.
w.Yks.^ Lan. He'll geet th' bag for that, said Ben, Waugh Yeth-
Bobs (1870) i; Getten th' bag? Burnett Haivotilts (1887) v;
' Hello, V/ill ! ' cried one , 'got th' bag yet V Francis Fustian (1895)
218. w.Som.' Zoa ee-v u gaut dhu baig, aa'n ur ? [So he has got
the sack, has he not ?] (2) (a) w.Wks. Leeds Mere. Suppl. (July
18, 1891) ; w.Yks.^ Lan. I've gan thee th' bag mony a time, but
thou's taen it thisel' at last, Waugh Old Cronies \ 1875 1 iv; Lan.',
e.Lan.', nw.Der.' \b) Lth. (Jam.) (c) Per. She gave me the bag
[I was jilted] (G.W.). Lnk. (Jam.) Edb. She's tired o' him and
gi'en him the bag 1 J.W. M.). (3) s.Stf. As long as her lives her'll
never forgive me for offering you the bag, Murray Joint Vale
(1890) XXX. (4) Nhb.' An' we maun shortly follow them. An' tyek
the bag, Gilchrist Bold Arehy.
Phr. ll.(i)i?(7jo'««n'i'<(7^^(7^?,goodsandchattels; (2) — and
ptmip, ineal and water ; (3) — and staff , usedfg. to denote
beggary ; {4) — (his) is down, he is put out, in a temper(?) ;
(5) — (the) month is open, all is known ; cf. ' the cat is out
ofthetsag'; (6) — o' 6o«cs, an extremely thin person ; (7)
— o' lies, a ' pack of lies,' a string of falsehoods ; (8) — of
moonshine, nonsense, idle, untrue stories ; (9) — • o' tricks,
any combination of things naturally connected, any
miscellaneous collection of articles; (10) bags with the
strings (to send back), to pay on delivery of goods.
(i) Sc. Bag and baggage on her back. Old Sng. ; General Lesly
returned, bag and baggage, Spalding N:st. Tivubles in Sc. (1792)
II. 59 (Jam). Edb. I'll pack ye oot o' the hoose bag and baggage
(J.W.M.). n.Lan.' n.Lin.' Thaay've to'n'd us oot i'to New
Frodingham toon-streat bag an' baggage, Nhp.' He went away
bag and baggage. War.^ (2) Chs.^ Bag and pump don't pay
[have not good fattening qualities] like bag and milk. (3) Ir. God
grant that we mayn't come to the bag and staff, Carleton Fardo-
rouglia (1848) ii ; Not a common expression in Munster. The
beggarman of half a century ago had a bag for contributions
(potatoes, oatmeal, &c. ) and a great staff, often with a spike, for
walking and as a defence against dogs (P.W.J.). (4) Stf.' (5)
Chs.' ; Clis.^ Au never knew how things were with him, till the
bailies were in the house, and then the bag-mouth was open.
(6) Brks.' Slang. Get down stairs, little bag o' bones, Dickens
O. Tims/ (1850 iv. (7I n.Yks. (I.W.) (8) n.Lin.' sw.Lin.' Such
bother ! why it's all a bag o' moonshine. Nhp.' It's all a bag of
moonshine. War.^^.Oxf.', Hnt. (T.P. F. ). (9 jCum. Ah dooant care
a pin for aw t'bag-o-tricks o' them (J.D.). e.Yks.' Noo then, tak
away all yer bag-o-thricks and give us some room. w.Yks. Aw
wished Nancy an' th' station-maister, an' all th' bag-o'-tricks,
at Jericho, Hartley Clocl: Aim. (1879) 39; I' five hahrs all
t'beg a tricks wor burn'd to t'grund (.^E.B.). Lan. Aw '11 chuck aw
th' bag o' tricks in fur a bob, Nciv U'kly. (Jan. 19, 1895) 7, col. 3.
m.Lan.' n.Lin.' A young man lately ' broht in ' at chapel, prayed
for the conversion of his ' faather, muther, bruthers an' sisters, an',
yea Loord, all th' bag o' tricks on 'em.' (10) Lei.' What did your
master say about the wheat! — Oh, only that I was to bring back
the bags with the strings.
[2. Bag, in commerce, ... a bag of almonds is about
3 hundred weight ; ... of goats-hair, from 2 to 4 hundred,
Chambers Q'c/. (1788); Bag [in traffic], a particular quantity
of some sort of commodities, as of pepper from i to 3
hundred weight, or hops, Bailey (1755). 3. Bag, a cow's
udder, Bailey (1770); So may thy cows their burden'd
bags distend, Dryden Virg. (1697) Ect. ix. 41 ; Thy ewes,
that wont to haue blowen bags, Spenser Sh. Kal.
Feb. 81.]
BAG, v} Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. [bag, basg ;
w.Yks. beg.]
1. To swell, expand, bulge, distend ; sometimes with prep.
out.
BAG
[129]
BAGGAGE
Sc. (Jam.") Wm.^ T'wo [wall] bags out. Yks. I liavc known cattle
bag under the jaws, Knuwi.son CatlU Doctor 1 18341 6.(. e.Ykf.'
Stf. I'm fair bagged, I can't ate another mossci, Pinnock BIk. Cy.
Ann. f 1895"^.
2. To yield or bend ; to ' give.'
Der. That plank is warped : it bags in the middle 1 H.R.) ; Der.'
A board or beam, when it yields or bends, is said to bag.
3. With prep, doivu : to droop, to hang loosely.
e.Yks.* Bag-doon, like the festoon of a curtain.
4. With prep, tip : to put into a bag and carrj' away.
Chs.^ War. 1 J.R.W.') Hrt, I-oave to mow and bag up so many
half-acres of haulm or stubble, Ellis AlotJ. Hiisb. ti750.i VI. ii.
5. To put up hay in small heaps before putting it into cocks.
Rut.l
6. To assert a prior claim to anything.
w.Yks.^ The boy entering the bedroom first' bagged the bowls.'
i. e. claimed the right of apportioning the washwig apparatus.
Bags me to go in last ; he'll have to go over [thrash] five of you,
and he'll be prettj- well tired by the time he comes to me, Hope
My Schoolboy Friends. Chs.* War,^ liags me the top corner.
w.Som.* In games it is usual to cry out ' Bags I fust go,' ' Bags
I thick,' &c. Dev. Bags ! — by this simple formula he had claimed the
cromlech as personal property to himself, BARiNr.-Goi'Loy. Hcrritii^
( i888 4. Slang. It is a gross breach of etiquette for anyone to take a
thing which has been verbally bagged, A'. & Q. (1870 4th S vi.517.
7. To seize upon, appropriate, secure for oneself.
Lin.' He bagged my money and went agaitsward. ii.Lin.'.Brks.'
Dor.' I bagged some apples var to quench my drith, 159, w.Soni.'
Used in a jocular sense, and not intended to convey the full force
of ' to steal.' Ee bagd aul dhur dhingz-n uyd uni uwai- [he cribbed
all their things and hid them away]. Slang. The idea of being led
up to the Doctor for bagging fowls, quite unmans him. Hughes
T. Ihown ( 1856) iv ; He bags another fellow's cap when he has
lost his own. A'. & Q. (1870) 4th S. vi, 517 ; Saying of a clever man
of business that he has bagged a good thing, Collins Thoughts
(t88o~i I. 163 (Farmer").
8. With prep, out : to dine away from home.
w.Yks. Used of farm sen'ants taking their food away in the fields
(G.D."! ; 'Bagging out ' is in use in Hlfx. parish (J. H.) ; w.Yks.^
9. To dismiss, discharge from employment ; to jilt.
Per. He bagget me aboot my business. I was bagget oir \ CW.^.
n.Yks. At t'lang last Jimmy telt em 'at t'master hed bagg'd him.
'I'WEDDELL Clevel. Rhymes (1892) 84. w.Yks. Hl/x. IVi/s. Lan.
"When their sweethearts begin to tell 'em that they've een like
diamonds, cheeks like rooases, . . . bag 'em at yance, ' Eaves-
dropper ' yi/l. Life 18691 6^ ; He wur bagged for thieving game.
Kay-Smuttleworth Scarsdale (18601 III. 75; He .says he shall
bag tha to-ncet. Mellor Pof ;»,s- ( i 865 ) 7 ; They should ha bin wed,
but he bagged her, Staton Rays fro Looniitiary (c. i86i") 57;
Lan.' He'll bag thi, as sure as thae'r wick, if thae comes late
again. m.Lan.' Chs. He's been li\-ing at th' farm, but they've
bagged him ' E.M.G.) ; Chs.', Stf.', nw.Der.' Nhp.' In common use.
Shr., Hrf. He is bagged. Bound Prov. (,1876;. Cant. Life of
B. M. Carriv {■il')i\ Gl. [s.v. Sack].
10. With prep, off: to go away.
Hrt. I shall knock off work now, mister, as I want to bag olT
home (H.G.).
[1. Bag, to swell like a bag, Asii (1795); Well, Venus
shortly bagged, and ere long was Cupid bred, .^///i. Engl.
VI. 148 (Nares). Baggyn, tiDum, Prompt.]
BAG, v.'^ Obsol. Lan. Chs. Lin. Nhp. War. Wor. Shr.
Hrf Glo. Oxf Suf. Ken. Wil.
1. To cut corn, peas, beans, &c., close to the ground with
a bagging-hook, q v. See Badge, v.^
n.Lin.', Nhp.'2 s.'Wor. Porson yirijoi/ (Frfs. (1875) ai. sCWor.'
Shr. Pease are cut up or bagged with a bill or bagging-hook,
Marshall Review (1817) 11. 246; Shr.* Bagging pase [peasel,
bagging fitches [vetches]. Hrf. Duncumb Ilisl. (1804"); Hrf.'*
Glo. To cut wheat close to the ground with the help of a ' pick-
thank' (A.B.) ; Grose (1790) MS. add. (H. ; Glo.' Oxf. The
working-man, taking a hook in each hand, cuts [the pease] with
his right hand, and rolls them up with that in his left, which they
call bagging of pease. Plot O.rfordshire (1677) 256. Ken.' Wil.
They cannot mow it with a sythe, but they cutt it with such a
hooke as they bagge pease with, Auukey A'al. Hist. Wills (c. 1697)
51, ed. Britton ; Wil.'
Hence (i) Bagging-bill, (2) Bagging-iron, see Bag-
ging-hook.
(I ) Chs.3, Shr.2 (2) Snf. (F.H.)
VOL. I.
2. To cut stubble.
Lan. To cut stubble with the scythe and foot, Morton Cyclo.
..-/<,'nf. I 1863V War. Bagging stubble iJ.R.W.". Oxf. ' Bagging
the haam ' is a well-known term and a necessary proc<-.ss after
reaping wheat, but it is not so much used as formerly <M.A.R. 1;
,K ) ; Oxf.' .1/5. add.
3. To cut peat for fuel.
n.Lin.'
BAG, see Bog, Pag.
BAGA-ROOT, sb. Cor. One of the varieties of the
Swedish turnip, the Purple-top. See Baggie, sb.^
w. Cor. And 1 had twenty lases [Cor. perch] of baga-roots,THOMA3
Rtindi^al Rhymes ( 1 895 ; 6.
[The name is der. fr. the Lat. rutabaga. Of the eighteen
varieties of the Swedish turnip described by Mr. Lawson,
the Purple-top {Brnasiici cautpe^tris. napo-brassica nita-
hnga, of De Candollc) has long obtained the preference,
Stki'Hens Bk. of the Farm (1855) 1. 199.]
BAGATY, sb. Sc. (Jam.) The female of the lump
or sea owl, Cyiioptrriis liimpus.
Fif. The fish caught here are . . . mackerel, baggety, sand-eel,
&c.. Dysart Slalisl. Ace. XII. 521.
BAGA'VEL. sb. Obs. Dev. A tribute granted to the
citizens of Exeter by charter of Edward L by which they
had the power of taxing all wares brought into the city
for sale.
Dev. In the Exeter Receiver-General's Accounts for 1752, ap-
pear the terms: Bagavel, Chippingavel, Beltingavel, and Wheelagc,
Rtports Proline. ( 1 8951.
[Of the meaning ofgat'el'm this word there is no doubt.
It is OK. ga/o/, tax, tribute. The meaning of the first
element is uncertain. Bailey (1755) gives two forms:
Bagavel or Betliugavcl.\
BAGE, see Bache.
BAGES, 5i. //. Hrf. [bSdgaz.] Clots, lumps.
Hrf. There's bages of butter all over it now W.W.S. .
[Ba^e, lit. a mark. The same word as " badge ' (a mark,
a device), of which the Prompt, form is bage. OFr. bage
(Godefroy).]
BAGGABONE, sA. Bdf. Dev. A vagabond.
Bdf. Batcmelok .liial. Eiig. Lung. (1809I. nw.Dev. You lazy
young baggabone, I'll tan your hide for 'ce i R.PC); nw.Dev.'
[The word vagabond corn fr. assoc. with bag o' bouts.]
BAGGAGE, sb.^ Sc. Ess. Rubbish, worthless stufl".
BnSf.' Abd. Bad tea would be called 'sic baggage" i^G.W.).
Per. .\ number of useless things bought at a roup [auction] wascalled
' a lot of baggage' (G.W."). Ess. Obs. Foule priuiesare now to be
clensed and fide. Let night be appointed such baggage to hide,
TussEK Hush. (1580) 58, St. 21.
[When brewers put no baggage in their beere, Gas-
coiGNE Stiiic Glas (1577) cd. Arbcr, 79 (Dav.). Fr. bagasse,
Sp. biigaso (Port, bagnio), remains of things which have
been squeezed or strained ; sec Hatzfeld. |
BAGGAGE, sA.'* Sc. Lin. Nhp. Shr. llif. Glo. Ump.
Dev. [bagid^, bae-gidg.]
1. A term of rc|)roach and depreciation applied chiefly
to women or children. Also, sometimes to beggars.
Inv. (H.E.F.^ Abd. She's an idle baggage (W.M.I. n.Lln.^
Nhp.' "i'ou good for nothing baggage. Shr.* "^'ah ! you nasty im-
perint baggage. Hrf.* Go away, you dirty b.iggage. Glo. A dirty
old baggage (^S.S.B.). Hnip. (.H.C.M.B.) Dev. And thee art a
. . . chockling Baggage, E.vm. Scold. (1746) I. 44 ; 1 scz you'm
a lyin' baggage, an" so you be, Phillpotts Dartmoor 1895 153 ;
Wat "ee want, you g'oastly baggage, eh ? Stooke Not E.xaetty, xi.
2. Used familiarly, playfully, or endearingly of a young
woman or a child.
n.Lin.' Colloq. Beauty goes off in a huff. Let the baggage go I
Smith Dreamlhorpe (1863) I2 (Farmer).
[1. A baggage or souldiers punk, scortuin cnstreuse,
Robertson Pliras. (1693); Bagasse, a baggage, quean,
gyll, punk, flirt, Cotgr. ; Y'are a baggage, Shaks. T.
i^/ireiv, Induct, i. 3. 2. Many will marry their sons very-
young to lustj' baggages, on purpose to gain able servants,
North Life Sir D. North (1744) 13. This word is
prob. the same as Fr. and Prov. bagasse, ' Terme injurieux,
fiUe publique, femme debauchee' (Roquefort). Its
BAGGED
[130]
BAGLE
form is due to assoc. with baggage (sb.^j, q.v. See
Baggish.]
BAGGED, pp!. adj. Chs. War. [bagd.] Of cows :
having an udder.
Chs.' Oo's a rare bagged un. s.Chs.' War. (J.R.W.)
[A pp. der. fr. bag (sb. 3), q.v.]
BAGGER, sb. w.Yks. [be-g3(r).] A half-timer em-
ployed to fill bags with cocoon cases, for the purpose of
washing.
w.Yks. (S.K.C.^
BAGGERMENT, sb. Lin. [ba-gament]
L Nonsense, worthless talk.
Lin. Thompson Hist. Boston (1856) 698; Lin.^ Have none of
yer baggerment here. sw.Lin.' He talked a lot of baggerment.
2. Rubbish, worthless things.
Lin.' Your land is full of baggerment. sw.Lin.^ A lot of bagger-
ment and rubbish will grow, if nowt else will.
BAGGIE, sb.^ Sc. Nhb. [bagi.] The belly.
Ayr. Hae, there's a ripp to thy auld baggie, Burns To his
Atild Mare. Nhb.'
[Bas; (sb. 4), q.v. 4--/^ (-y), dim. suif.]
BAGGIE, sA.* Sc. Nhb. [ba-gi.]
1. A large minnow, Leiicisais plw.xinns.
Sc. The minnow of the Solway area (G.W.) ; Satchell.
2. The stickleback, Gasterosleiis aculcatus.
Nhb.i Which boys call the baggie, Newcastle Dy. Chron. (Jan. 4,
i888\
3. Comb, (i) Baggie-mennon, a large minnow ; (2)
•mennon net, a net in which to catch minnows ; {3)
•menim, the three-spined stickleback.
Slk. (i) You beat the Major! You micht at baggy mennons,
but he could gie ye a stone wecht either at trouts or fish, Chr.
North Nodes (ed. 1856) HI. 48 ; (2) Sae takin a baggy-mennon
net he sallies out, ib. 179, (3. Nhb.'
BAGGIE, sb? Sc. Nhb. Also written bagie Nhb.^
One of the varieties of the Swedish turnip, the Purple-top.
See Baga-root.
e.Lth. A wheen baggies, an' twa-three rows o' tatties, Hunter
J. hnnick ' 1895) 12. Nhb.i
BAGGING, sb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der.
Shr. Ess. (?) [ba'gin, baegin.]
1. Food, provisions.
Com. Baggin . . . ready cuok'd is fetch'd, Stagg Misc. Poems
(1805) 136, ed. 1807 ; Gl. (1851). Wm.i Hest to gitten thi baggin
wi tha ? w.Yks. For Him who has mi laddie sent He'll send his
baggin too, Hartley Ditties (1868) 57 ; They'd all gotten seeated
an wer reddy fer ther baggin. Deivsbre Otm. (1880) 8 ; A drop
a reight oalsum good drink To hiz pipe az weel az hiz baggin,
Tom Treddlehoyle Bairiisla Ann. (1862) 46. Lan. Mae'st may
thy baggin of ass's milk and babby thumbs, Kay-Shuttleworth
Scarsdale (i860) H. 223 ; They should . . . goo beawt their bag-
gin for me, Bealey Jottings (1865) 43; T'tell 'em to sit down
on th' grass, while He gen 'em their baggins wi' a meracle. Lake
Longleat (1870) II. vi ; Before the men had finished their baggin',
Banks Forbidden (1885) xxvL Chs.' It is the custom for the
master to provide bagging for his men during hay or corn harvest.
Ess. Mehalah provided him with ' baggings,' provision during his
absence, Baring-Gould Mehalah (1885) 245.
2. Food taken between regidar meals, (a) Food taken
in the forenoon, either breakfast or luncheon.
w.Yks. She adjures her repentant spouse never to call break-
fast ' bagging,' Hamilton Nugae Lit. (1841) 313. Lan. With his
head on the rough knobby root of a tree, taking a snooze after his
baggin, Kay-Shuttleworth Scarsdale (iS6o) II. 28; The rest of
the tanners were eating their ' baggin,' Banks Manch. Man
(1876) vi ; A woman came . . . with her husband's 'baggin,'
Fothergill Hcaley (1884) xxv. e.Lan.' Chs. Billy had getten
his breksfast an' his baggingk, Clough B. Breskittle (1879) 4 ;
Chs.i s.Chs.' Stf.2 The collier's term for his lunch. Shr.'
(b\ The afternoon or evening meal; tea.
w.Yks. Yks. Mag. (1871) I. 30. Lan. Tea and rum baggin,
Brierley Layrock (1864) iii; It'll be breakfast, dinner, an' baggin'
for thee for awhile, ib. Irkdale (1865) 71, ed. 1868; Th' baggin
were ready, Wauch Sngs. (1866) 27, ed. 1871 ; He did eita looaf
an' a peawnd o' ham an' three eggs at his baggin, Ferguson
Moudywarp's Visit, 7. ne.Lan. Yo're just i' time fur baggin,
Mather Idylls (^1895) 209. Lan.' In the afternoon, oatcake and
cheese, or butter, or oatcake and buttermilk, sufficed for bagging,
Baneord Introd. Tim Bobbin {1850) g. e.Lan.' m.Lan.' A werkin'
chap's baggin' is th' best meal as he hes, an' even thad gi's him
neetmare. Chs.l Among the Macclesfield mill-hands breakfast and
tea are called baggin ; s.Chs.i, nw.Der.'
Hence Baggingless, without tea.
Lan. We'rn i' doubts as to whether we shouldno' ha' to go to
bed without supper, sayin nowt about bein bagginless, Brierley
Ab-o'-th-Yate Yankeeland (1885) xv.
3. In comp. (i) Bagging-can, a can for holding tea, beer,
or milk, (S:c., used by labourers: (2) -time, the time at
which ' bagging ' is taken, gen. either at ten o'clock in the
morning, or four in the afternoon.
(i) Lan. The women rushed out, and beat their bagging cans till
they were flattened, Bamford Walks (1844)200; A can to hold
a pint or a little over, made with a deep lid or cover so as to be
used as a saucer (S.W.). (2) n.Cy. Grose (1790V w.Yt s. Hl/.r.
IVds. Lan. Put th' tay-pot upo' th' oon. It's gettin on for baggin-
time. Waugh Poems (18761 Neet-fo, st. 2; At baggin-time we
getten a good meal, Gaskell M. Baiion (1848) ix ; Piking nobs
o' sugar eawt o'th tay cups at baggin toime, JVidder Bags/iaw's
Trip (c. i860) 15 ; When I called on her at__ bagging time,
A^. & Q. (1873) 4th S. xi. 202. Chs.l 23 ; s.Chs.i Ut baagintahym
dhey kum eyur [at baggin-time they come here], Rtith ii. 14.
nw.Der.'
[A vbl. sb. expressing the act of carrying food in
a bag.]
BAGGING-HOOK, sb. Chs. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf
Glo. Hrt. Ess. Ken. Sun A curved hook resembling a
sickle with a smooth edge, used in cutting corn, peas,
beans, &c., and also for trimming hedges.
Ch?.i War.3 The bagging-hook takes various shapes, and the
technical names presumably denote the district in which they are
used, as the Abingdon bagging-hook, &c. se.Wor.' Larger and
heavier than thesickle,and used with a chopping action. Shr. Pease
are cut up or bagged with a bill or bagging-hook, Marshall Review
(1817)11.246. Hrf.2,Glo. iS.S.B.) Hrt. Baggin-hook(G.H.G.i.
Ess.i Ken. They use a bagging-hook for cutting crops (D.W.L) ;
Ken.i Very like a reaping hook, but with a square, instead of a
pointed, end. The handle is not in the same plane as the hook
itself, but parallel to it, thus enabling those who use it to keep their
hands clear of the hedge. Sur.i
BAGGISH, sb. Nhb. Cum. Yks. [ba'gij, be'gij.]
1. A term of reproach applied to women or children.
Nhb.i Come oot ! ye baggish. Cum.i e.Yks.' Ivver si monny
awd baggishes gossapin i my hoose.
2. Apphed familiarly or playfully to a woman or a child.
Cum. Whene'er the baggish sings, Graham G!vordy{I^^8) 1. 53 ;
Be duin ! leyle baggish ! I'll gie thee a slap, Anderson Ballads
(1802: 82, ed. 1840.
[Prob. der. fr. Fr. bagasse. See Baggage, sb.^]
BAGGIT, sb. Sc.
1. A feeble, sickly sheep.
Rxb. And what's to come o" the poor bits o' plotting baggits a'
winter, is mair nor I can tell. Brownie 0/ Bodsbeck, I. 224 (Jam.).
2. A contemptuous name for a child.
Rxb. (Jam.)
BAGGOT, sb. Nhb. A useless, contemptible person.
Nhb.' It is applied to a little, vixenish child, or to a worthless
man. A drunken baggot. [Unknown to our correspondents.]
BAGGY, sb. and adj. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Also written
baggie Sc. [ba'gi, begi.]
1. sb. A corpulent person.
Sc. (.Jam."!
2. adj. Corpulent, big-bellied.
Sc. (Jam.) Bwk. Unbousome and baggie, Henderson Pop.
7?/;v>«fi- V1856) 77. Nhb.Abaggy man ^R.O.H.); Nhb.' n.Yks.
(I.W.)
3. Large ; hanging in loose folds.
n.Yks. His britches is rather baggy (I.W.).
[Bag (sb. 4), q.\'. + -te (-_)'). adj. suff.]
BAG HARVEST, p/ir. Obs. ? e.An. A harvest when
the men board themselves, carrying their food in bags.
e.An.' [UnknowTi to all our correspondents.]
BAGHASH, see Back-hash.
BAGHLY, see Bauchly.
BAGHT, ad/. Obs. w.Yks. Timid, frightened.
w.Yks. Hl/.v. IVds. [Not known to our correspondents.]
BAGHT, see Bout.
BAGLE, see Beagle.
BAGLIN
L131]
BAIK-
BAGLIN, sb. Sc. A misgrown child.
Sc. (Jam.) [Not known to any of our correspondents.]
BAG-MENNON, 5*. Sc. A large minnow.
Sc. (Jam.) s.v. Baggie.
BAGMENT, sb. Lin. [ba-gment.]
1. Rubbish, worthless things.
Lin. It's a strange thing that a man as calls hlsscn a preacher o'
th' gospel should fill his head with such bagment, Peacock H.
Skirliiiigli (1870^ II. 107. n.Lin.'
2. Foolish talk, nonsense.
n.tin.i
Hence Bagmentally, adj. rubbishy, worthless; usually
applied to persons.
Lin. He's a bagmentally chap, Peacock R. Skir/aiig/> (1870) III.
227. n.Lin.'
[/j(7i,'- o( baggage (sb.'), q.v. + -meiit, as in payntenl.]
BAGNET, V. Dor. [bajgnat.] To pierce or stick
with a sharp instrument, not necessarily a bayonet.
Dor. • Well — I can bagnet a l'ew,anyhow,'said the miller, Hardv
Tniiu/el Major (i88o'\ xxvi ; (O.P.C.)
[The same word as bagoitct, q.v.]
BAGONET, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf. Der. War. Wor. Shr. Wil. Dor. Soni. Dev. Cor. Also
written baggonet,bagganet. bagginet, baganet, baginet,
bagnet, bagnat, baignet, bajonet. See below, [be'gnat,
bagsnat, bae'gsnst]
1. A bayonet.
Abd. Sattle the minaisterat the point o' the baignet, Alexander
Jolniny Gibb U871) xviii. Ayr. Where baiginets o'erpower'd the
targe, Burns Slieriffinuir. st. 3. Gall. Eyes with three-cornered
pupils that look at you like baggonets, Crockett /fo/rfos (1894")
xxvii, s.Ir. I hear the jinketing of their . . . bagnets on the paving
stones, Croker Leg. (1862) 352. Wxf. So many sensible people
together with pitchforks, and slanes, and bagnets, Kennedy
EvemiigsDiiffrey {iB6g)t^. n.Cy. Border Gl. {Coll. L.L.I!.) Nhb.
(W.G.), Dur.',m.yks.' w.Yks. Nearly 200,000 guns and bagnets,
Tom Treddlehoyle Trip la London (1851) 48. Lan. What could
yo' do . . . again sooards an' baginets ? Brierley JVaverlotv \iS6^)
44, ed. 1884. Chs.l s.Str. Here comen the sojers wi' bagnets an'
swerds. Pinnock Blk. Cy.Ann. (1895). nw.Der.', War. (J.R.W.).
se.Wor.t Shr.* Bajonet. 'Wil. His stinge as zharp as a baganet,
Akerman Tales (1853) 96. Dor. Bagnet is well known here
(H.J.M.). Som. Za vine with es bagginut, Jennings Dial. tv.Eiig.
(1869). w.Som.' Au'l dhu soa'ujurz-d u-gaut dhur muuskuts wai
dhu bag'unuts u-fik's [all the soldiers had their muskets with their
bayonets fixed]. Dev. Tha saujers wis all awmin cal'd up be
night. Way thare bagganit guns, Nathan Hogg Poel. Lett. ('1847)
26, ed. 1858 ; When I was in the Tavistock Local Fcncibles I
always card a virelock and a bagginett. Pasmore Stories (1893) 4,
Cor." [New Eng. That peace, to make it stick at all. Must be
druv in with bagnets, Lowell Ed. Creed, st. 12.]
2. A tall grass growing in the water.
Ir. (E.M.)
[This repr. an old pron. of bayonet. The word is der.
fr. the Fr. bayonnette, a great knife to hang at the girdle,
like a dagger (Cotgr.). In the Loud. Gas. (1692), No.
2742, this knife is called a baggonet (N.E.D.).]
BAGPIPES, sA. />/. Yks. 'l^Jhp. The labourer's name
for a thrashing flail.
n.Yks. Those famous old bagpipes, contrasted with the gin-horse
driven [thrashing] machine, and the steam thrasher, Tweddell
Hist. Clevelniid {iQi^) tS. Nhp.i
BAGREL, sb. Sc. (Jam.)
1. A minnow.
Slk. Baiting a hook for a bagrcl, Perils 0/ Men, III. 382.
2. Applied to persons or animals that are corpulent and
not otherwise well-grown. Also atlrib.
Sc. He's a bagrel body. Rxb.
3. A child.
Dmf.
\Bag, sb. 4-h->r/(-f>'f/), dim. suflf. as in mongrel, cockerel,
/lOggere/.]
BAGRIE, sb. Obsol. Sc. Trash, worthless rubbish.
Sc. I sigh when I look on my threadbare coat, And shame fa' the
gear and the bagrie o't, Herd Coll. (1866 1 II. 19 (Jam.). Per. Orra
bagrie (G.W.).
BAGS, so} pi. Obs. Lin. The upper part of peat,
intermixed with roots of grass, cut for fuel.
nw.Lin. In current use 40 or 50 years ago. Since t'nen peat-
cutting has not been carried on, and the word has fallen out of
use A. A.). n.Lin.* It is laidc in painethat none of the said inhabi-
tantcs shall grave or shote any baggcs beneath Micklehouses or
Triplinghouses, or beneath any sik, bctwcne them in paine of
every load to the contrarie. xii'', Scatter Manor Roll ^Oct. II,
1599" in Arch. XLVI. 388. Bagmoor, near Burton-upon-Stather,
possibly derives its name from these bags. There is a place called
Newington Bagpath, in Gloucestershire. The spot on which the
battle of the Standard was fought was, it is affirmed, at one time
called Bagmore, perhaps because bags were wont to be cut
there.
'BAGS, sb.'^ pi. Obs. Chs. Old name for the commercial
traveller, who used to carry his samples with him on
horseback, in a pair of saddle-bags.
Chs. 3
BAGSKIN, sb. Chs. [bagskin.] The stomach of a
calf cleaned, salted, and cut up, used for curdling milk in
the process of cheese-making.
Chs.' The stomach of a calf cleaned and laid in salt, used for
curdling the milk in the process of cheese-making. Bagskins are
dried by stretching them upon pieces of stick, in which form they
are cleaner, and can be kept almost any length of time. Some
dairy-maids prefer them wet, and some drj-. The preparation of
the bagskins is almost a special branch of trade. It is thus de-
scribed by Sir Henry Holland in his General Vietv of the Agricullnre
0/ C/iesliire (iQoi) : 'When it [the maw-skin] comes from the butcher,
the chyley matter is taken out, and the skin cleared from slime
and every apparent impurity, by wiping or a gentle washing; the
skin is then filled nearly full of salt, and placing a layer of salt
upon the bottom of a mug, the skin is laid flat upon it ; the mug
is large enough to hold three skins in a course: each course of
skins should be covered with salt, and when a sufficient number
of skins are thus placed in the mug, that mug should be filled up
with salt, and with a dish or slate over it. be put into a cool i>lace,
till the approach of the cheese-making season, in the following
year. The skins arc then all taken out. laid for the brine to drain
from them, and being spread upon a table, they are powdered on
each side with fine salt, and are rolled smooth with a paste roller,
whicli presses in the salt ; after that, a thin splint of wood is
stuck across each of them, to keep them extended while they are
hung to dry.' Chs.^ s.Chs.^ Also called Steep-skin.
[Bag, sb. 4 + skin.]
BAGWAME, sd. Obsol. Sc. A silly, greedy fellow.
Sc. Not gen. known (G.W.\ Slk. (Jam.")
[Bag, sb. i+waiiie (womb, stomach).]
BAGWESH, sb. Cum. [bagwej.] 'Wreck, ruin,
bankruptcy.
Cum. Teh be bangt oa teh bagwesh be t'papers, fairly capt meh,
Sargisson Joe Sroap (^1881 65 ; Aa's gaCn ta bagwesh (_J.W.O.);
Cum.' He's gone to bagwesh.
BAHANGS, adv. Obsol. Nrf. Suf Of clothes:
hanging down untidily, ragged at the bottom.
e.An.i Nrf. Obsol. or obs. 1 A.G.F. ; Nrf.' Suf. ' Her clothes
are all bahangs; she'll soon be a draggle-tail.' This was given
me by an old man who says that people expressed themselves so
in his youth (F. H.).
[Back + ltangs, adv. fr, /lang (sb.), q.v.]
BAHFAM.BAHFIN, see Bargham.
BAHM, see Barm.
BAIBLE, I'. w.Sc. (Jam. Siippl.) [bebl.] To sip
often, tipple; to drink carelessly, with spilling.
Hence Baihling, ppl. adj. tippling, ' boozing.'
BAICHIE. sb. ? Obs. Sc. (Jam.) A child ; used
rather contemptuously.
Per. Cld. Nearly obs.
[Bahh is used in this sense in Polwarfs Fly/iiig:
They bad that baich should not be but (without I ... all tlie
plagues that first were put Into Pandora's purse, Watson
Coll. (1706) III. 13.]
BAICHIE, V. n.Sc. (Jam.) To cough.
[Unknown to our correspondents.]
BAIGLE, V. Sc. (Jam.)
1. Of a child : to run or walk with short steps.
Slk.
2. To walk slowly, as if much fatigued.
Slk. [Not known to our correspondents.]
BAIk-, see Back-.
s 2
BAIKEN
[132]
BAILIE
BAIKEN, sb. Sc. (Jam.) A burden; used only of
skins or hides.
Slk. ' A baiken of skins ' or ' hides.'
BAIKIE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Also written baaky Nhb.^ ;
bakie Sc. ; byeakie Nhb.' [beki.]
1. The stake to which an ox or cow is bound in the
stall.
Sc. (Jam.) ; Morton Cydo. Agric. (1863").
2. A piece of wood with rope attached to tie up a cow
to the stake.
Lth. A piece of curved wood, about 18 ins. long, with a hole in
each end of it, through which a rope passes to fix it to the stake
below (Jam.). Nhb.^ The upright portion of a wooden cattle band
formerly in use. It was attached by a loose joint to a bent wooden
band called a frammelt.
3. The stake of a tether.
Abd. If the stake, provincially termed a baikie, be not frequently
removed, the cattle tread down a great proportion of the grass,
Agric. Siirv. 355 (Jam.).
4. Comp. (i) Baikie-stick, a piece of wood attached to a
cow's neck ; (2) -tow, a rope for tying up a cow.
Nhb.i
BAIKIE, see Backie.
BAIKINS, sb. pi. Sc. (Jam.) A beating, a drubbing.
Slk. [Not known to our correspondents.]
[Cp. G. baken, to strike, bruise, esp. flax (Grimm,
Sanders).]
BAIKLET, sb. Sc. (Jam.) Also written becklet.
1. An under-waistcoat or flannel shirt, worn next the
skin.
Rxb., Dmf.
2. A piece of linen, sometimes of woollen dress, formerly
worn above the shirt of a very young child.
Twd.
BAIL, sb.^ Yks. Lan. Nhp. Hrt. Nrf Suf Ken. Sus.
Hmp. Also written bale n.Yks.^ Nhp.' Hrt. e.An.* ; bayl
Suf ; beel w.Yks. ; biel w.Yks. ; beild w.Yks.* [bel, bH,
bial]
1. The curved handle of a bucket, pail, pot, or kettle.
See Bule.
n.Yks.'^ The bowed handle of a metal pOrridge-pot. W.Yks.
The curved handle of a mug, teapot, &c. A stagl is a straight
handle, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Dec. 27, 1890") ; This pot has a funny
shap'd beel on, ib. (Dec. 13, i8go) ; Only the handle of pots and
pans, as opp. to steel, steyl, the straight handle of implements
like brushes, spades, hammers, &c. (J.W.D. ); Hlf.v. IVds. Lan.
Hats on summat like porritch pons th' wrong end up, an' th' beels
undher ther chins, Accriiiglou Times (May 16, 1868). Nhp.' The
staples that the bale hooks into are called ears. The frosty
morning bites as sharp as fire. The rime e'en blisters on the
bucket bale, Clare Poems (1820). e.An.^, Nrf.^ Nrf., Suf. Mor-
ton Cyclo. Agric. (1863). Suf. To this day the Suflolk labourer
tells his lad to 'tak' hou'd o' the pail by the bayl,' or semi-circular
iron handle which falls down on the side of the pail. A'. & Q. (i886)
3rd S. ix. 540 ; Rainbird Agric. (1819) 287, ed. 1849. Ken.
(.K.) ; (PM.); Ken.i Sus. Holloway ; Sus.i. Hrap.»
2. A handle or bow attached to a scythe.
Hrt. The sithe with a bale fixed to it, Ellis Mod. Hnsb. (1750)
V. ii. 16. e.An.' A slight withy stick or rod, bent so as to form a
bow, and attached to the scythe stick. Nrf.' Nrf., Suf. Morton
Cyclo. Agric. (1863). Suf. Rainbird Agric. (1819) 287, ed. 1849.
Sus. Holloway.
3. The straight handle of a milk-pail ; the handle of a
rake.
w.Yks. The handle of a ' skeel ' [milk-pail] formed by leaving
one of the staves projecting above the others. Wa'ahs brokkan
t'beild, lass? Lucas Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) 31 ; w.Yks.'
[About the same vessel [kettle] binde this ... to the
handle or bayl thereof, Topsell Serpents (1607) 767
(N.E.D.). Cp. Dan. A^//c, a bar; Norw. dial, bygla (Aasen) ;
Sw. bogel, bow of a sword ; Sw. dial, bagel, bossed, concave
(Rietz),]
BAIL, sb.'^ Irel. Nhp. Nrf Suf. Hmp. N.Z. Also
written bale Wxf Nhp.* [bel.]
1. A frame to which cows are tied in the byres.
Wxf. When milking is over, we of the rougher make are invited
to bear a hand in fastening up the cows in their bales, Kennedy
Banks Bow (i867_) 204. w.Wxf. (P.J.M.) Nrf., Suf. Morton
Cyclo. Agric. (1863). [N.Z. To milk her it was . . . necessary to
put her in the bail — an arrangement which secures the head of the
cow in somewhat the same manner as some of the old-fashioned
instruments of punishment used to secure the head of a man,
Barlow Kaipara 1 1888) xiii.]
2. A hanging bar to separate horses in a stable.
Ntip.', Hmp.' [The simple bails afford a very insufficient security
against the thefts of a neighbour, Youatt The Horse (1831) 135.]
BAIL, sb? Irel. Yks. Pem. Nrf Also written bale
Nrf A bucket or small vessel used on board ship for
emptying out water.
fBayle, an old term for bucket, Smyth Sailors JVord-bi. (1867)
(N.E.b.).]
Hence (1) Bail out, v. to remove water from a boat,
with a small bucket or vessel ; in gen. use ; (2) Bailer, sb.
a vessel or bucket for bailing out water.
(i) vr.Yks. Banks JFkfld. IVds. {186$). Nrf.' (2) N.I.' s.Pem.
(W.M.M.)
[The gentlemen likewise saw the bail of a canoe . . .
made of a human skull. Cook I'oy. (1790) I. 157. Fr. bailie,
'(Marine). Grand baquet en forme de cone trouque'
(Hatzfeld). Borrowed fr. Bret, bal [or baill), a pail (Du
RUSOUEC).]
BAIL, V. Sh.I. Irel. Lan. Aus. Also written bale
Irel. Lan. [bel.] With prep, up : to tie up, fasten. In
ii>ip., a command to cows : stand still !
S. & Ork.' Crl. (P.J.M.) Lan. Why, wheer did yo' find th'
cows ? — Wheer should I find 'em, lad, but baled up as I laft 'em
this afternoon ? Lahee .,4c7»fWfrf (1883) 62. [N.Z. A distant noise
of yelping, barking, and grunting reached our ears. ' Come along !
they have got a pig bailed up!' cried Mr. C excitedly. Barlow
Kaipara (1888) xii ; It is a boar, one of the largest any of us ever
saw. and he is now bailed up below the great tree, Hay Brighter
Britain (1882). Aus., N.S.W. One of the young cows was a bit
strange with me, so I had to shake a stick at her and sing out
'Bail up' pretty rough before she'd put her head in, Boldrewood
Robbery (1888) III. xiv ; Some old hand like father, as had been
assigned to a dairy settler, and spent all his mornings in the cow-
yard, had taken to the bush and tried his hand at sticking-up
people. . . . When he wanted 'em to stop ' Bail up, d — yer.' would
come a deal quicker and more natural-like to his tongue than
' Stand.' So ' bail up ' it was from that day to this, ib.'\
Hence Bailing-up pen, sb. a place for fastening up cattle.
[Aus. Alec was proud of the stockyard, and pointed out . . . the
superior construction of the * crush,' or branding lane, and the
bailing-up pen, Praed Romance of Station^ 1. ii.]
BAILCH, sb. Sc. Also written belch, bilch (Jam.).
[belX-] , ,, .
1. A very fat or lusty person, breathless from cor-
pulence.
n.Sc. (Jam.) Abd. Nae bursen bailch, nae wandought or mis-
grown, But snack and plump and like an apple round, Ross
Ileleriore (1768) 14, ed. 1812.
2. A brat; a contemptuous term for a child. Cf.
belshagh.
Cai. (Jam.)
BAILEY, sb. Ken. Also written baily Ken.'= A
court within a fortress.
Ken.'2 The level green place before the court at Chilham Castle,
between the little court and the street, is so called.
[This is a late use of ME. baily, the external wall
enclosing the court of a feudal castle, pere stonden Jire
bailyes wi|)oute bat wel kepen jiat castel From arwe shet
Si. quarel, Curs. M. (c. 1300) 10034.]
BAILIE, sb. Sc. Irel. Cum. VVm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf
Nhp. War. Shr. Hrf Glo. Brks. Ess. Ken. Hmp. Dor. Som.
Dev. Also Vv'ritten baalee Wxf ; baavlev Brks.' ;
bailey Lan. Nhp.' Shr.== War. Glo.'; baillie Ayr. Lnk.
Wm.' Lan.'; baily Cum. ne. Lan.' Chs.' Shr. Hrf Ken.'
Hmp.' Dor. Som.; bealie Cum.; bealy Dev. [beli,
beali, bia'li.]
1. A municipal officer or magistrate, corresponding to an
alderman.
Sc. Free and safe as a Whig bailie, Scott Bride of Lam.
(1819) x; The bailies and councillors danced bare-headed in our
presence like five-year-auld colts, for very triumph, ib. Nigel
(1822) ix ; The bailies take it by rotation, ib. Midlothian (1818)
xviii ; I maun tell the Baillie's wife That Colin's in the town, Mickle
BAILIER
[133]
BAINSOME
There $ titje Luck; To tiie folks of Dun Edin the douce baillie
spoke, T/te People (June 16, 18891 13, col. 3 ; Town councillors are
elected in burghs by the citizens who pay not less than a certain
rental. From the councillors the bailies are chosen. They have
seats on the civic bench and police courts, &c. (A.W.) Fif. They
made him a councillor and bailie in one day, Robertson Provost
(1894) 132; Takes his seat i' the bailie's loft on Sabbath day,
Tennant .^M5/cr (i8t2) St. 18. Ayr. Ye' re ettling at the magis-
tracy, and I'll no let ye rest if ye dinna mak' me a bailie's wife or
a' be done, Galt Provost (1822) ii. Lnk. I'll bring ye afore a' the
baillies o' Glasgow for runnin' off wi' my muckle bundle, Fkaser
IVIiaups (1895) XV. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L B.)
2. A bailift" or sheriff's officer, appointed to serve writs
and make arrests and executions. Also called Bum-
bailey, q.v.
Cum, But suin for that job he was teane by the beaylies,
Gilpin Stigs. (1866) 404 ; A shottle the bcalies hae ta'en, ib.
Ballads (1874') 150. Wm.' They've gitten t'baillics et' hoose.
w.Yks. 5e gat S3 bakad wit rent, wol t'lanlood sent beoliz fJ.W.).
Lan. I dud hear at once th' baillies were in his heawse, Waugh
Ratnbles in Lake Cy. (1861) iii ; Owd Billy o' Dans sent th' bailey
one day, Gaskell M. Barton (1848) iv. ne.Lan ', Chs.'^, Nhp.'
War. I sent Luke directly they'd put the bailies in, Geo. Eliot
Floss (i860) I. 319. Shr.2 Dor. \Vi sich a lot o' pigs in sty, The
Bailies you mid well defy. Young Eclogue (1862) 28. w.Som.'
Who's the bailie to the County Court, now th' old 's dead?
3. A bailiff, steward, superintendent of a fann or estate.
Sc. Had such a formidable effect upon the frame of Duncan
Macvvhecble, the Laird's confidential factor, baron-baillie, and man
of resource, Scott tVaverley (1814) vi. Stf.^ My feyther's gotten
two farms na.bur'e's goin put a becli i' th' owd un. War.^ Shr.*
His duties are very multifarious: he gives directions to the men
under him ; where there is not a shepherd he manages the flocks,
he shears the sheep, measures hedges, sows broadcast, leads the
field in harvest, &c. Aye, Bayly 'ere, an' Bayly theer, as if I could
be i* twenty places at once. I dunna know who'd be Bayly. Shr.,
Hrf. Bound Prov. (1876). Hrf. iW.W.S.), Glo.', Brks.i Ess.
Make husbandrie bailie, abrode to prouide, Tusser Husbandrie
(1580) 20, St. 18. Ken.' At a farm, in what is called ' a six-horse
place,' the first four horses are under the charge of the wagoner
and his mate, and the other two of an under-baily. Hmp.i Dor.
She went out again to see all was safe, as she usually do, and
coming in found Baily Pen nyvvays creeping down the granary steps
with half a bushel of barley, Hardy Madding Crozcd (1874) viii.
Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. tv.Eng. (1825). n.Dev. Who shud be
hard by . . . bet tha Square's bealy, E.xiii. Scold. (1746) 1. 170.
4. An under- manager of pottery -works.
Stf.2 Ar Sail's doin foine and well, 'er's married one o'th'beelies
on Wedgwood's potbonk.
5. Comp. (i) Bailie-boy, a boy employed on large farms to
take messages and make himself generally useful ; {2)
Baillie days, days in which farmers were bound to labour
for their lairds, and work under the supervision and orders
of the bailiff or steward; (3) Banflf-bainies,the large white
clouds called cumuli.
(i ) Ken. (D.W.L.) ; The farmer's orderly or Serjeant, sent to see
if things are in order and to do odd jobs. There is on most farms
an odd man called * all-works,' but a bailie-boy only on the largest
(W.F.S.) ; Boy under the immediate commands of the bailifl" to
assist him by carrying messages and generally doing odd jobs for
him (P.M.) ; Ken.'' Boy employed by the farmer to go daily over
the ground, and to see that everything is in order, and to do every
work necessary \sic\. (2) Sc. Obs. in the Lowlands, but still common
in many districts of the Highlands and Islands (Jam. 5»/>/>/.). (,3)
Bnff.l
6. A clever man.
Wxf.i
[1. Schireffis, prouestis, and bailycis, Lindsay (1592)
t66 (Jam.) ; Schyrreffys and bail5heys maid he then, And
alkyn othir officeris, Barbour Bruce (c. 1375) 1. 190. Fr.
bailli, a magistrate appointed within a province (Cotgr.).
OFr. baillif. 2. Ileer faste by, quod he (the Soinnour),is
niyn entente To ryden, for to reysen up a rente That long-
etii to my lordcs duetee. — Artow thanne a bailly.'— Ye,
quod he, Chaucer C. T. d. 1392. 3. Ther was a riche
man that hadde a baili. . . . The lord preiside the baili of
wickydnesse, Wyclif (1388) Luke xvi. i, 8.J
BAILIER, sA. Dur.Yks. [beli3(r).] A bailifTorsheriff's
officer.
Dur.> n.Yks. He'd gettcn t'bailier's in for rent, Browne }'*.
Minster Screen (1834) 1. 146. m.Yks.> w.Yks. Lads Merc. Suppl.
(July 18, 1891).
[Bailie, sb. 2 + -er. For the needless addition of this
suffix cp. upholslerer (for upholdsler), and poulterer (for
poulter).\
BAILIERY, sb. Sc. Also written baillierie, bailary
(Jam.). The extent of the jurisdiction of a bailie or
sheriff.
Sc. Quhilcs thou, whiles I, so goes the baillcri, Ray Pivv.
(1678) 399; (Jam.)
[Bailie, sb. l-f-ry (-rie), Fr. sufT. ; cp. Juiverie, the
Jewry.]
BAILIFF, sZi. Stf. An under-manager of pot-works.
Stf.i [According to our correspondents, always in form bailie, q.v.]
BAIN, atij. and adv. Irel. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Not. Nrf. Suf. Also written bane Cum.' Wm. Yks.
m.Yks.' w.Yks.' Not. ; been Wxf.' Lan.' c.Lan.' [ben,
bean, bian.]
1. adj. Flexible, lithe, pliant ; fie;, nimble, clever.
Wxf.' Lan. Grose 11790); Lan.', e.Lan.', e.An.' Nrf. Grose
(17901; Nrf.' Suf. Limber jointed, that can bend easily, Bailey
(1721I; (K.); (P.R.); Ray 11691); Suf.'
2. Ready, willing ; officious.
n.Cy. (K.I, N.Cy.2, Cum.' Wm. Poor Geordie ! he wasa gr.iadly
bain fellow, Hutton Bran New IVark (1785 1 1. 375. w.Yks.
Hutton Tour to Caves (1781): Very bain about one, Thokesby
Lett. (1703) ; w.Yks." ne.Lan.'
3. Of a road : convenient, direct, near.
N.Cy.' Dur.' Bainer way, a nearer way. Cum. He was ganging to
his oan 'heaf,' bainest way, was tip, Hclvellyn in Conih. Mag.
(Oct. 18901 383 ; Nea sneaking suitor frae his fass, Tho' this were
e'er sea bain. But snaiped wi' tear o' goblins dire, Another gait has
taen, Stagg Misc. Poems (1805) 75. ed. 1807; An' I kna' neeah
rooad as bain or breet, Gilpin /Jn/Znrfi (1874) 215; Cum.' Yon's
t'bainest way ; Cum.^ Cockermuth's ooar reg'lar market — it's a
g.iy bit t'bainer, 17. Wm. (J-M.) ; A swind mi ways t'banest
geeat ower t'fell inta Sleddle, Spec. Dial. (i868> 11 ; Holloway.
n.Yks.l23, ne.Yks.' e.Yks. Thompson Hist. IVelton 11869) 168.
w.Yks. (S.P.U.) : WiLLAN List IVds. (1811); This is t'baner way
(F.P.T. ); A bain cut to Kettlewell, Harper U'har/cdale ~ iBbg)
20; Lucas Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882); w.Yks.^-*, Lan.', ne.Lan.',
Chs. '23 [Jot. This is the gainest way, but that is the bainest [one
may be the most convenient, but the other is the nearesll
(W.H.S.).
4. adv. Near, near to, adjacent. Sometimes used as prep.
Wm. A cliild is 'baintowatther' whose tears arc near the surface
(J.M.). m.Yks.' It's as bane again that gate [it's as near again that
way]. w.Yks. It wad be a varra gradely mak o' a bran new house,
or bane to it, DixoN Craven Dales (1881) 185 ; Bane ta Claapam
town-end lived an aud Yorkshire tike, Ingledew Ballads (i86o)
160 ; He lives bane Jim Smith's (W.F.) ; Bain Grain Bock, Lucas
Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) ; His garden is varry bain [not far
from his home] (J. T.); w.Yks.' Thou knaws, Bridget, we're vara
baan tot' beck, ii. 292. Lan. My dowter weyves bane to her,
and heerd o' 'ut hoo sed, N. & Q. (1868) 4th S. i. 259. Lan.'
Not. (J.H.B.)
[I. Beyn or plyaunte, Jlc.vibitis, Prompt. 2. Bain,
willing, forward, Bailky (1770) ; Baync, proinpius, ob.'ie-
queiis. Levins Mauip. (1570); John, fe aught with haitc
and will To be full bayne To "do his bidding, York Plays
(c. 1400) ; If I in littil find fie bain, Cursor M. (c. J300)
28806. ON. beiitii, straight, direct.]
BAIN, sec Bane.
BAINGE, V. Glo. Also written bange Glo.'» To
bask.
Glo.(W.H.C.); GROSE.WS. arf</.(i79o')(H.); (H.S.H.): Glo.'a
A gamekeeper's word, to express the basking and dusting them-
selves by feathered game.
[Fr. baigner, to bathe, cp. Palsgr. : I baske, I bathe in
water or any lycour, y^ baiij^iie.]
BAINSOME, rt^/>. Yks.' [be nsam.]
1. Near at hand.
n.Yks. =
2. Obliging, helpful.
n.Yks.' Ap|)lied to persons, as a waiting-maid, a personal at-
tendant. As bainsomc a lass as ivvcr Ah seen.
[Baili, adj. + -some.]
BAINSTICKLE
[134]
BAIRN
BAINSTICKLE, see Banstickle.
BAINT, see Be.
BAIRGE,' sb. and v. Sc.
1. sb. The voice used loudly either in speaking, weeping,
or calling.
Bnif.' She geed oot wee a bairge o' a greet. Gee a bairge after
'im, an' tell 'im t'come seen back.
2. A person who raises his voice in a strong, loud
manner.
Bnff.i Fah wid hae him for a minister ? He's jist a mere bairge,
fin he preaches; an' it croons a', fin he praies.
3. V. To raise up the voice in a loud manner.
Sc. To scold, rail, or taunt loudly ; also to drive about like one in
anger. She jist likes to gae bairgin about (Jam.). Bnff.i He jist
bairges fin he reads.
Hence Bairgan, (i) vbl. sb. the action of raising the
voice loudly ; (2) ppl. adj. having the habit of raising the
voice loudly either in speaking or weeping.
(i) Bnff.' He bauds a sair bairgan o' a'thing intill's lug. He's
unco dull o' hearin'. (2) Bnff.' He's a bulliein', bairgin' bairn,
that o' yours. The new minister hiz a bairgin' wye o' readin'.
BAIRGE,^ sb. and v. Slk. 1. sb. An affected bobbing
walk. 2. V. To walk with a jerk or spring upwards.
3. Abd. To strut (Jam.).
BAIRMAN, see Bareman.
BAIRN, sb. and v. Sc. Irel. and all the n. counties to
Chs. Der. Lin.; also Lei. Also written barn Cum.'
Wm.' ne.Yks.' w.Yks. Lan.' ne.Lan.' Chs.'^ Den' Lin.
Lei. ; barne Cum. Yks. Lan. Lin. ; bayn e.Yks.' ; bayrn
Nhb. [bern, bean, ban.]
1. sb. A child.
Sh.I. An laves da weedow an her bairns Scarce oucht beside
dir grief, Burgfss Rastuie (1892^ 43. Sc. It wad better set you
to be nursing the gudeman's bairns than to be deaving us here,
Scott Waverley (1814) xxx ; We are a' one man's bairns, ib. Leg.
Mont. (1830I iv ; A tarrowing bairn was never fat. Auld men
are twice bairns, Ramsay Prov. (1737). Bnff. There, woman,
there's yer bairn ! but for God's sake keep him awa frae 3'on place,
Smiles Sc. Naiiir. (1876) I. 7. Frf. The trudge between the two
houses must be weary work for a bairn, Barrie Licht \ 1893'! 3.
Per. Chose a site for the bairns in the sweet pine-wood, Ian IMac-
LAREN Brier Bush (1895) 5. Ayr. 1 winket to the mistress to
take the bairns to their bed, Galt Provost (1822') vii. Gall. I
talked to the bairns for a wee, Crockett Slickit Mm. 11893) 63'
N.I.' n.Cy. Let the bairns and women fly, While we thirty win
or die, Todd Ballads (1895I; (K..; N.Cy.'^ Nhb. Pier bairn,
and she's cum to t'yage when a muther's maist missed, Clare
Love of Lass (1890' I. 49; Me muthor's bairns gat kaingry wiv
us, RoBSON Sfig. Sol. (1859) i. 6; Nhb.' A bit bairn is a little
child. The pronunciation is sometimes lengthened, and a mother
is heard to call * Gan upto the barin ! ' or' Mind the baiorin !' Dur.'
Cum. The peer peer bairn does oft complain, Hlamire Poet. IVks.
(c. 1794) 156, ed. 1842 ; The prattlin bairns rin toddlin roun,
Anderson Ba/Zarfs (1808) 30; Cmn.' Wm. An bits a barns are
larnin ta thresh, Spec. Dial (1868) 17 ; Billey's a courageous barn,
HuTTON Dial. Stoii/i and Aiiiside : 1760) I. 49. n.Yks.'^^. ne.Yks.'
e.Yks. Pawky bayns Ah can't abide, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889)
51 : e.Yks.' To wet bayne heead. to drink the health of a new-
born child, MS. add. (T.H.) [See //rarf.] m.Y'ks.' w.Yks. For
love o' the nurse, th' bairn gets mony a cuss, Piov. in Brighoiise
News (July 23, 1887); You need not fret about the lile barn,
Banks Wooers (1880) I. iii ; What wi' lewkin' after t'barns an'
dryin' hippins, Cudworth Sketches (18841 ri; w.Yks.' Daddy's
barn [a child like its father] ; w.Yks.234 ; w.Yks.^ Awlus t'moast
wark whear ther's t'moast barns. n.Lan. Peggy Wilson was Icttin
her lile barn sowk when she heard on't ; an i' her horry she
shov'd t'barn int'l an aid brek ubben. Morris Siege o' Broii'ton
(1867") 5. Lan.', ne. Lan.' Chs. '^ Word barn is occasionally heard,
but is probably an importation from Yks. Dec' Lin. Ho'd
yer noise, bairns, can't ye, Gilbert Riigge (1866) I. 35; But 'e
coom'd thruf the fire wi' my bairn i' 'is mouth to the winder
theere, Tennyson Owd Rod, &c. I, i88g). n.Lin. If oor Polly weds
Jack, an' hes a bairn, Peacock Tales and Rhymes (18S6') 61 ;
n.Lin.' Theare's moore bairns then business agaate noo. sw.Lin.'
She left the poor bairn in the creddle. Lei.'
2. Cnnip. (1) Baim-ailments, children's disorders; (2)
•bairn, grandchild; (3) -bed, tlie womb ; (4) -birth, con-
finement; (5) -clarts, children's sweetmeats ; (6) -clothes,
baby-linen ; (7) -clouts, baby-clothes, dolls' clothes ; (8)
-cures, medicines for infants ; (9) -dole, see -part ; (lol
-fond, child-loving; (11) -gam, see -lake; (12) -heead,
childhood; (13) -lake, child's play, see Lake, Bairn-
takings ; (14) -lUe, early infancy ; (15) Baim's-pan, a pan
for preparing a child's food ; (16) -part, inheritance ; (17)
■piece, bread and cheese offered to those who visit or meet
a baby; (]8) -play, child's play; (19) -seek, sick from
pregnancy ; (20) -sign, evidence of being in the family
way; (21) -skep, a shallow basket for baby-linen; (22)
-time, the time of life for child-bearing; (23) -weean or
■wife, the woman that has been confined ; (24) Bairn' s-
woman, a child's nurse, a dry nurse.
(i) n.Yks.2 (2) tb. m.Yks.' More commonly graon'be h'n and
graan-baa'n. ne.Lan.' (3) n.Yks.' She's getten a swelling o'
t'bairn-bed [a tumour of the uterus] ; n.Yks.2 (4) n.Yks.'^ (5)
n,Yks.2 (6) ib. (7) Gall. An' ye can help Jean to sew her bairn-
clouts, Crockett Moss-Hags (1895) iv. n.Yks.'^ Dolls' clothes.
(8) »'6. (9) m.Yks.' (loln.Yks.^A desperate bairn-fond body
[a great lover of children]. m.Yks.' (11) n.Yks. ^ [As term of con-
tempt :] It's all bairn-gam. (12) ib. (13) Lan.' (14) w.Yks.'
Brout up fray barn lile to t'ministry, ii. 323. (15) Sc. Bairn's-pan,
a small pan of tinned iron, for hastily warming a child's meat (Jam.).
(16) n.Yks.^They gat oweran aboon their bairn-paarts [more than
they were entitled to as the children of the deceased]. m.Yks.'
(17) Fif. A wine-biscuit, topped with cheese, was neatly wrapped
up in a Cambric handkerchief . . . Nellie said (to the first person she
met on her way^, ' Ye maun tak the bairn's piece,' . . . and she
thrust the contents of the handkerchief into the old man's hand,
Robertson Provost {iSg.^) 56 ; Both term and custom now ohs. in
the above form, although still, when people call to see a new baby,
they are often offered bread and cheese (A.W.). (18) Nhb.',
Dur.' nLin.' I call this croiikey [croquet] that gentlefoaks is soa
fond on noht but bairn-play. (19) n.Yks.^ (20') ib. (21) ib. (22)
Sc. (Jam.) Gall. Where I had sic a sweet bairn-time, Crockett
Moss-Hags {i6gs) xi. Cum.', n.Yks ^ ne.Lan.' (23) n.Yks.*
(24) Sc. (Jam ) Ayr. The only servant ... he could afford to
retain was Maudge Dobbie, who in her youth was bairnswoman to
his son, Galt £«/«// (18231 i.
3. A female child, a girl.
N.Cy.' Among the vulgar, especially pitmen. Is't a lad or
a bairn ? n.Yks. I thought ye'd a' liked a lad. — Oh ! it is a boy.
— Why! I thought ye said it were a bairn (F.PT.); n.Yks. *
e.Yks. I remember an old gentleman in the East Riding exclaiming,
when his first grandchild (a girl) was born, ' It's nobbut a bairn ' — ■
meaning to express his disappointment at its not being a boy,
N. &' Q. (1867) 3rd S. xii. 177.
4. A term of familiarity used irrespective of age ; also
used contemptuously.
Gall. 'Bairn' is used sometimes in a pitying or semi-contemp-
tuous sense, of a weak-minded or childish person (A.W.). Cum.
Barn, thou dosn't k-now (M.P.); One gossiping woman having
a chat with another : Aye, barn, they tell't me sec a teall ; they
seed a woman, barn, widout a heed — barn, it's trew (EW.P.);
Cum.' Wra. Whya barn, en ea mun I'll hcv a swoap a tee,
Wheeler i?/'rt/. (1790) 73. ed. 1821. n.Yks. Neither do the old folks
call me ' bairn ' any longer . . . although there were some still who
called me so years after I was turned of sixty, Atkinson Moorl.
Parish (1891) Itttrod. 5 ; n.Yks.' I'm giving 3'ou a deal of trouble,
William, I fear. — Nay, bairn, nay: novvght o' t'soort [from a man
of sixty to the parson, a man of forty-five]. ne.Yks.' Aw ! Bless
ya, ba'an, t'wo'lld's to'nn'd arsy-varsy sen ah wer a lad. Expressing
humour, reproach, or admiration after some brag or absurd state-
ment has been made. Thoo is a bonny ba'an, Dick, to deea leyke
that. w.Yks. Ah barn, ses shoo, this year ur two, Av bed a deal
o' greef, Preston Poems (1864'! 5 ; (F.M.L.) ne.Lan.' n.Lin.'
Often used to adults as a term of aff'ection.
5. Used as an ejaculative expression.
e.Yks. A very common interjection among the older generation of
cottagers, now obsolescent, originally referring, perhaps, to the
Holy Child Jesus, though used by them in utter unconsciousness of
any meaning, Simmons Lay-Flks. Bk. 311. w.Yks. Nidderdill Olm.
(1874); Bless us hzrn\ Leeds Merc. Siippl. (Aug. 8, 1881) ;
w.Yks.5
6. V. To beget, conceive.
Lin. Streatfield Lin. and Danes (1884'! 316. n.Lin.'
Hence (i) Baimed, ppl. adj. pregnant; (2) Baiming,
ppl. bringing forth.
( i) n.Yks.^ She's bairn'd ageean. (2^ ib. Bringing forth a child.
[A barne, infans, Cath. Aiigt. (1483) ; Tho this barn was
BAIRNIE
[135]
BAIT
ybore ther biased a sterre, P. Plowman fc.) xxi. 243 ; pe
fbrmast barn }iat sco him bare, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 1051.
OE. beam, a child, a son or daushter.]
BAIRNIE, sb. Sc. Nhb. \Vm. Yks. Also written
bairney \Vm. ; bairny Sc. ; barney w.Yks.' [beTni,
besni, bani.]
1. A little child.
Sc. (Jam.); Sin she wes a wee bairnic, Ian Maclaren ^iiIJ
Lang Syne (1895) 285; Bairnics a' ! she's singin' to ye. Allan
Lills (1874)129. Frf. I was makkin' some porridge for my man's
supper when I heard the bairny skirlin', Barrie Thnons ' 1889)
an. Ayr. Lay j'our hand in prayer on the heads o' her bonnie wee
bairnies, Galt 5/> ^. IVylie (1895) xh. Lth. An' gin I'm spared
to ither days — I'll see my Ijonnic bairnic A braw, braw lass,
Smith Merry Bridal (1866) 25. Gall. Used only of very young
children (A.W.). Nhb. Then God help them poor bairnies an'
me, Wilson Tyneside Sngs. 1 1890) 398. Wra. Used by old
people as a term of endearment towards a child. Come, bairney, tu
thi ganny (B.K.).
2. A soft character ; having very childish perceptions.
w.Yks.5
[Bairn + -ie (-_)').]
BAIRNISH, adj. Nhb. Cum. Win. Yks. Lan. Lin.
Also written barnish Cum. \Vm. Yks. ne.Lan.' ; baynish
e.Yks.' [bernij, benij, ba'nij.]
1. Childish ; sillj'.
N.Cy.' Having the manners of a child. Nhb. I's mad to hear
Their silly, whinging, bairnish stories, Graham Moorl. Dial. (1826)
13 ; Nhb.' Cum. 3 Bonnie Mary Ray an' me Wer' barnish sweet-
hearts, 3. They begon toshap theirsels intil o' maks o' barnish sangs
i' my held, 23. Wm. (B.K.) n.Yks.'* ne.Yks.' It's nobbut
bairnish deed. e.Yks.' .She's eighteen cum Mahllemas, but she's
varry baynish yit. w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (July 18, 1891) ; A
termof derision when applied to some, but a term of tenderness
when used in reference to old age or dotage (B.K.) ; w.Yks.';
w.Yks,® Doan't be so barnish. Ah reckon nowt o' sich barnish
fowk. ne.Lan.' Lin. I thowt nowt on such bairnish tricks,
Brown Poems (18901 50. n-Lin.' sw.Lin.' He has little bairnish
ways, for all he is so old.
Hence Bairnishness, sb. childishness; weakminded-
ness.
n.Yks.'^ w.Yks. Enough o' this barnishness, Nidderdill Oliii.
(1874'. n.Lin.'-
2. Comp. Bairnish-lake, child's play. See Lake, Bairn-
lakins.
w.Yks.*
[Bairn + -ish; cp. childish.']
BAIRNCSLAKINS, sb. Yks. Lan. Also written
-laikings n.Yks.' ne.Lan.' f-lekinz, -leakanz.] Children's
playthings, toys. See Babljy-Iakin, Lake.
n.Yks.'^ ne.Yks.' In rare use. in. Yks.' vi. Yks. Leeds Mere.
Sitpfil. (July 18, 1891) ; w.Yks.' A lile oud wumman wee a hand-
ful of barn lakens, ii. 356. Lan.', n.Laii.' n^Xan.^ Applied to
potsherds placed in the form of horses or other figures.
BAIRNLESS, adj. Sc. Yks. Lan. Lin. Also written
barnless ne.Lan.' Childless.
Sc. (Jam.) n.Yks.2 They're tweea bairnless bodies [said of a
married couple without offspring]. ne.Lan.', n.Lin.'
BAIRN-LIKE, adj. Cum. Yks. Also written barn-
like Cum. Childish ; weak-minded.
Cum. An' I preech't that lal sarman Sae barn like and green,
Gilpin /j'a//ii(/s (1874) 76. n.Yks.^
BAIRNLY, adj. Sc. Childish.
Sc. (Jam.); I think it is a bairnly thing, not worthy in you to
ask or me to render, Stevenson Calriona (1892) xx ; Woman,
thou'rt but a bairnlie playke, Wi' nought but beauty's blossom,
Cunningham Sngs. (1813) 50. Per. There wes nae thocht worth
mentionin', and onything he hed wes eked out by repectition.
Tae say naethin'o' bairnly stories, Ian Maclaren Brier Bush (1895)
aoi. Ayr. It's bairnly to mak sic a wark for a bit tig on the haffet
[blow on the head], Galt Sir A. IVylie ^I823'| v. Gall. Think
shame o' yer bairnly weys, man, Crockett Slickit Min. ,18931 55.
Hence (i) Bairnly-like, adj. childisli ; (2) Bairnli-
ness, sb. childishness.
(,!) e.Lth. It wad be a bairnly-like thing, an' a cooardly-like
thing forby. Hunter/. Inwick (1895) 216. 1 a^i Sc. (Jam.)
BAIRN-TEAM, sA. Sc. n.Cy. Nhb. Yks. Also written
bairn-teeam n.Yks.^ ; -tame (Jam.) ; -time Sc. ; -tynie
("Jam.) ; bearn-team N.Cy.* Yks. [-tini, -tiam.] A large
familj' ; offspring.
Sc. (Jam.) Ayr. The bonie Bairntime, Heaven has lent. Burns
A Dieaiii , 1786) ; My pleugh is now thy bairn-time a', ib. To his
Aitld Mare. n.Cy. Grose (1790); Holloway; N.Cy.'*, Nhb.',
Yks. (K.), n.Yks.'*, m.Yks.'
[Beam-teams, broods of children, Bailey (1721) ; Wepe
nothyng for me Bot for joure self and joure barneteme,
Towiieley Mysl. (c. 1450) 212 ; We ar alle an monnes barne-
teme (Trin.MS. oon monnes childcr are we allel. Cursor
M. (c. 1300) 4828. OE. beariilt^am, offspring, family of
children. Sec Team (offspring).]
BAIRNWORT, sh. Yks.
1. The common daisy, Bcllis perennis. See Banewort.
n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.* Albo called Banwoods, or Bessy- banwoods.
e.Yks. Marshall Riir. Ecoii. (1788).
2. The violet.
n.Yks.2
BAIRSE, sb. Nhb. Also written baise Nhb.> [berz,
biz.] The space for provender in a cow-stall.
Nhb.'
[ON. bass, a stall in a cowhouse, the equiv. of OE. bos
(found in bosig), whence boose, q.v. For the pron. bairse
cp. Sc. Iiairse, fr. OE. has (hoarse).]
BAIRSE, fl^^. Nhb. Also written baerse Nhb.' Im-
pertinent, impudent.
Nhb.'
BAISE, sb. and i^.' Sc. [bes.]
1. sb. Haste, expedition.
Sc. (Jam.) Bnfif. The idea is that of rude, clumsy haste, ac-
companied by force. He geed throuw wi's wark wi' an unco'
behss (W.G. .
2. V. To move or walk with energy.
Bnff. He behsst doon the road jist as gehn he wiz gyain t'redd
fire (W.G.).
BAISE, 7/.* Sc. (Jam.) To persuade, coax.
Frf. [Not known to our correspondents.]
BAISEL, V. Nhb. [be'zl.] To wait upon cattle, to
fodder.
Nhb. In use in Tynedale (R. O.H.I ; Nhb.»
I A der. o[ baise, see Bairse, s6.\
BAISEL, see Basel.
BAISELER, sb. Nhb. Also written baseler N.Cy.>
Nhb.' [be'zlar.l A person who takes care of cattle.
N.Cy.' Nhb. Well known here (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.'
[Baisrl, vb.4--fr.]
BAISIER, see Bazier.
BAISLE, V. Cor. [be'zl.] To make dirty.
Cor.3
[Formed fr. baistly ; see below.]
BAISS, adj. Obs. Sc. (Jam.) Also written baise.
Ashamed ; sad, sorrowful.
Slk. But quhan yer Maigeslye jinkyt fra me in the baux . . .
I was baiss to fcum again wi' sikkan ane ancere [answer], Hocn
Winter Ev. Tales (1820) II. 41.
[The same word as baiss, an old form of bash, aphetic
form of abash, vb. to be ashamed or abashed ; cp. abaissed
in P. Ploivnian (c.) vii. 17 : Nought abaissed to agulte God
and alle good men. OFr. esbahiss-, prp. stem of esbahir
(mod. e'hahir), to astonish profoundlj'.]
BA 1ST, sec Baste, Hoist.
BAISTLY, adj Cor. [besUi.] Dirty ; like a beast.
Cor. I wouldn't spaik to such a baistly woman, she drinks
(M.A.C.) ; A child that h.-is been playing in the dirt or mud. and
had soiled its clothes, would be called 'a baistley little thing"
(J.P.T.); 'Twas wan of tha bastlicst ould plaaces, Tim. Towser
(■8731 97-
[Baist, pron. o( beast + -ly.]
BAIT, A-6.' Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin. War.
Wor. Shr. Hrf. Rdn. Glo. Ken. Sur. Sus. Som. [bet,
beatj
1. Food, a meal ; for men and horses.
Sc. (Jam.) Fif. A fine bait amang the corn — what for no? A
lippie, or a peck, a firlot f r a bow, Chambers Rhymes (1870) 15a
Nhb. Scairsh a spunk i' the gr.nte. an' ne suppor, ne bait, RoBSON
Evangeline (1870) 326; Howay get thy bate, man, Armstrong
U'annv Blossoms{l^^6) ^5. Nhb.' Cum. (M. P.); A bite o' cheese
BAIT
[136]
BAITIE
an' bread, They'd brow't for't bait, Richardson Talk (1871) 89.
w.Yks. Wis wont mue beat na fiis, lad. e ya oni beat wi ye?
(J.W.) Rdn. Morgan Wds. (1881). Ken. Food for one meal is
abait iRM.).
2. A workman or labourer's meal in the middle of the
day.
Nhb.i With a tin bottle, full of cold water or tea, [and] a piece of
bread, which is called his bait, the hewer says good-bye to his
wife, and speeds off to work. Nhb., Dur. Food taken by a pitman
to his work, Greenwell Coal Tr. Gl. (1849^ ne.Lan.' War.^
Ain't it time we 'ad our bit o' bait ? s.Wor.' Shr.' The bayte time
is 10 o'clock A.M., in ordinary seasons, but in harvest-time there
is Onder's bayte. from 4 to 5 o'clock p.m. Binyo'aumust ready for
yore onder's bayte ? — Aye, as soon as I've piit on this jag o' rakin's ;
it 6c5nna 'ardly cover the ripples. Hrf.'^ Glc' We be just 'avin'
our bit o' bait. Ken. A workman's ' bait' is more freq. called his
''lowance' [allowance, q.v. ] (P.M.) ; Holloway ; Ken.^ A luncheon
taken by workmen in the field. Sur.^ The afternoon meal in
haymaking or harvest time. The morning meal is called the
Eleveneror Beever. In Nrf the afternoon meal is called Fourings
or Four. e.Sus. Holloway. Sus.^ Afternoon refreshment, w-ith
which strong beer is given, in the hay and harvest field ; Sus.^,
w.Som.^
3. A rest, a halt, gen. for refreshment.
Cum. A halt for refreshment on a journey (M. P.). n.Lin.' A rest
from labour, generally for the purpose of taking food. Commonly
used in relation to animals, but sometimes to men also.
4. Conip. (i) Bait-bag, the bag in which the farm-
labourers carry their luncheon to the field ; (2) -house,
a hedge ale-house, especially in the neighbourhood of
the collieries ; (3) -irons, irons, fixed into the shaft of
a cart, which support a piece of sacking to hold horses'
food ; (4) -poke, a workman's provision bag ; (5) -time,
the time for taking food.
(i) Shr.i Axethe waggoner w'eer e' put 'is bayte-bag; if 'e put
it i' the cofer for the mice to ate, like the last. ' 2) N.Cy.^ MS.
add. (3) Chs.^ (4^ Nhb. Bag in which the miner carries his
bait or food. Tyuk mi b'yet-poke, went ti wark, Chater Tyneside
Aim, (1869) 7 ; Aw've maw bait-poke reet chock full, Bagnall
Siigs. (c. 1850) 12 ; Aw put the bait poke on at eight, Wilson
Pi/iiinn's Pav (1843) 23. Nhb., Dur. Nicholson Coal Tr. CI.
(1888). (51 Nhb., Dur. 16.
[1. A bait at an inn, refectio, Coles (1679) ; Bayt, refri-
geriiun, refectio, Levins il/rt;;//!!. (1570). ON. 2)«'/, pasturage.]
BAIT, sb.'^ Suf [bet.] A small bundle of hemp.
e.An.^ In Suff. hemp, when pulled, was tied up in small ' baits,' to
cart home. Suf. It [hemp] is tied up in small bundles called baits,
Marshall Revieiv (1817) III. 442.
[Baits of hemp denote bundles of that plant pulled and
tied up, ready for steeping in water. Chambers Cyclop.
(1788). The same word as Bait, si.']
BAIT, sb.^ Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Al_so
written bate Cum. Wm.' w.Yks.' ne.Lan.' e.Lan.' [bet,
beat] The grain or cleavage in wood or stone.
Abd. (Jam.) Nhb. ' The longitudinal direction of wood. After
wood has pined it is said, ' You can see the bait' — that is, the grain
has become visible. Cum. Aye, aye, that's foreign stuff, however, by
t'bate of it (J.Ar.) ; Sliven gangs wud t'bate (E.W.P.). Wm.'
That's t'wrang way o' t'bate [that's the wrong way of the
cleavage]. w.Yks. Against the bate. ////Cv. IVds; w.Yks. ^ n.Lan.
Yar straiksn t'rang we o' t'bet (W.S. ). ne.Lan.^ e.Lan.' The
mark of growth in wood or stone.
Hence Baited, adj. as used in comp. (i) cross-, with
twisted and crooked fibres ; (2) long-, with long spaces
between the knots in wood ; (3) short-, with short spaces
between the knots.
(i) w.Yks.' (2, 3) w.Yks.2
[Bate, the texture of wood, Bailey (1755) ; Finding the
grain and bait of the stone to lye fit for their tranation,
Power Exp. Philos. (1664) III. 159 (N.E.D.).]
BAIT, v} Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Lin. War. Shr.
Oxf. Hrt. Ess. Dor. Som. Also written bayt (Jam.).
[bet, beat.]
1. To feed, to pasture.
Sc. (Jam.) Hrt. Bait [the sheep] on clover, Ellis Mod. Hash.
(1750^ III. i. 146.
2. Of men and horses : to stop to feed.
Sc. (Jam.) Nhb.' Hadavvay bait the horses. w.Yks. Wis e nua
taim ta beat, wi man ger on wi wa wak (J.W.). ne.Lan.' Chs.
We baited at Bostocke's at Woodhead, where we paid twopence
a pint for ale, and 3s. 8rf. for victuals, Brereton Travels (1634-5)
71 ; Chs.i To feed horses in the interval of work. The horses
themselves are said to be baiting. n.Lln.' Thoo mun baait thy
herses twice atween here an' Gaainsb'r. War. (J.R.W.) Oxf.'
MS. add. w.Som.' Dhce kns staa-p-m bauyt s-noa tu Raas-n bee
Dhangkfeol [thou canst stop and bait, thou dost know, at (the) Rest
and be Thankful (name of a well-known public-house)].
3. Of a fire: to feed.
Stf.2 To bait an oven is the ordinary pottery expression for
feeding the oven-fires. Dor. An' zing your zong or tell your teale.
While I do bait the vire wi' logs, Barnes Poems (1869) 100.
Hence Baiting.///, adj. feeding, eating.
Shr.' Ohs. Among the accounts of the baililfs of Shrewsbury is
a paper endorsed, 'The byll of expens don at the assyssys at
Ludlow, St. Jamys Yven, a" h. viij. xix. (July 24, 15271. Here
followeth the costs don then betweyn the town and Mr. Vernan.'
Among other items is: — 'Paid at Lebothod f Le Botwood) for
Mr. Bayleys baytyng, iirf.'— Owen & Blakeway's Histoiy of
ShreiLibiiiy, I. 307. Ess. Obs. Plough cattle a baiting, call seruant
to dinner, Tussek Hushandrie (1580) 174, st. 2.
4. To take a rest, cease from labour for a short time.
n.Lin. ' Noo then, chaps, we mun baait a bit.
5. Comp. (i) Baiting-time, time for refreshment; (2)
-tools, implements used by ovensmen in earthenware
manufactories to feed and regulate their fires.
(i) w.Yks. CuDWORTH Horton (1886). (2) Stf.=
[To bait at an inn, divertor, diversor, Coles (1679) ;
Cattel is always eatynge or beytynge, Fitzherbert Hus-
bandry (1534) 32; A litill quhile thai baitit thar, Barbour
Bruce (1375) xiii. 599. ON. beita, lit. to cause to bite; to
graze, feed sheep and cattle.]
BAIT, v.'^ Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lin. Nhp. Ess. [bet, beat.]
To tease, worry, harass.
Nhb.' The baitcn, tee, was deev'lish gallen, Wilson Pitinan^s
Pay (18431 28. w.Yks.^ Doan't baat muh soa ! He's bin baating
him an' at him awal t'afternoin — he'll get t'length o' t'band enow.
n.Lin.' Nhp.^ To endeavour to obtain anything by teazing and
importunity.
Hence (i) Baiting, jV)/. sb. a teasing; (2) Baited, //.
adj. worried, teased.
Cum. Ill git frae our tweasome a baitin', Gilpin Ballads (1874I
First Liiivc. Ess. Take heede as from madde bayted bull to keepe
thee fro his home, Tusser Hushandrie (15801 149.
[To bait one, i. e. to set upon him, and not let him alone,
aliquem impetere, invadcre, sollicitare, Robertson Phras.
(1693); Withouten respyt been they bayted, Chaucer
R. Rose, 1612 ; pe;^ durrstenn be55tenn menn Forr
asfielike gillte,- Orniiilinn (c. 1200) 10171. The orig. mg.
is to set on (a dog) to bite or worry. ON. beita, to cause
to bite. The same word as Bait, i'.']
BAIT, v.^ and sb.* Sc. ? Obs.
1. V. To steep skins in a ley of hens' or pigeons' dung
to soften them, that they may be properly cleaned before
being put into the tan or bark.
Sc. (Jam.) Slg. (G.W.)
2. sb. The ley in which skins are put.
Sc. (Jam.)
BAIT, see Bate.
BAITHERSHIN, int. phr. Irel. An expletive : it may
be so.
Ir. Ah, baithershin ! j'ou never knew that song. Lever Daltons
(1852) II. xx; Baithirshin ! but, sowl, if things goes an, it won't be
longso, Carleton 7"ra:Vs Pens. (1843) I. 341. w.Ir. Oh, baithershin !
sajs the king. Lover Leg. ( 1848) I. 100. Wxf. Baithershin ! How
could any one, Kennedy Evenings Diijfrey 1 1869) 88.
[This repr. Ir./<7(/;> (ability, possibility) -)- s?m (this); lit.
' this is a possibility.']
BAITIE, s6. Nhb. A fisher girl who gathers bait.
Nhb. Baltics are the wives and daughters of fishermen, and are
accustomed to do nearly all the work required on shore ; namely,
procuring bait, baiting the many hundred hooks, receiving and
selling the fish when landed, &c. These women are proverbially
industrious and possess great physical powers. They are trained
from childhood to carry loads, small creels being madeforthechildren
to carry, and laden proportionately to their strength. The chief
bait used is mussels, which form a very heavy load, and which
BAITTLE
[137]
BAKER-KNEED
have to be carried from great distances. The other baits are
sand-worms, limpets, and dogcrabs — all of which are dug for or
gatliercd by the women (^R.O. H.) ; Nhb.'
BAITTLE, adj. Sc. Rich with grass, alTording good
pasturage.
Sc. Green and baittle gangs, Riddell Ps. (1857^ xxiii. a. Slk.
It properly denotes that sort of pasture where the grass is short and
close (Jam.). And round on F.ttrick's baittle haugh Grew no kin
kind of graine, Hogg Poel. Wks. (1838-40) Thirlestanc, st. 8. Dmf.
Applied to lea, that has a thick sward of fine sweet grass. This
is called a bcttic bit (Jam.).
{Bait, sb.' + -/f {-el), adj. suff., as in fickle, nimble.]
BAIT-YAUD, sb. Sc. Nhb. A woman who gathers
bait for fishermen.
Bwk. The women who gather bait for the fishermen are some-
what reproachfully called ' Bait-yauds,' Henderson Pop. lihyiitcs
(1856) 107. Nhb. Raw lads and bait yauds. On wi' creels and on
wi' pads, And o'er Ross Hill to Berwick, Johnnie, X)t'i//;aH< Tracts
(ed. 1892; 1. 292 ; Nhb.' s.v. Yaad.
[Bait+yami (a jade), q.v.]
BAIVEE, sb. Sc. A species of whiting; Morrhua
hisca.
(.Jam.^ ; Satchell (i879\
BAIVENJAR, sb. Sc. (Jam.) A tatterdemalion, a
ragamuffin.
Cld.
BAIVER, V. Sc. (Jam.) [Not known to any of our
correspondents.] To gad about ; to run after shows,
weddings, &c.
Hence Baivering, ppl. adj. gadding about ; taking
interest in trifles, finery', &c.
Sc. She's grown a daidlin, baiverin gawkie.
BAIZE, see Baze.
BAK, V. Dev. Obs. [bsek.] To beat.
n.Dev. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.)
BAK, see Bake.
BAKE,sA.' Sc. Also written baik. [bek.] A biscuit.
Sc. We'll need twa three tea bread and a bake or twa, Ochil-
tree Redbuyn (1895 "^ ix. w.Sc. There are various kinds of baiks
named from their shape, colour, kind of flour of which they are
made, &c. (Jam. Sii/'fil.) Ayr. Here's crying out for bakes and
gills. Burns //o/y /"(iiV (1785) st. 18; We can divide the bakes,
Galt Entail (1823) xciii. Lth. Mind the cookies, snaps, an
bakes, That young folk like sae weel, Smith Meriy Bridal {1S166)
16. GaU. A butter bake is a biscuit baked with butter, called a
'soft' biscuit in other parts of Scotland (A.W.).
BAKE, sb.^ Stf. [beik.] A child's term for its share
of anj'thing. Also known as baking.
Stf.^ Giv uz moi beiks an dhen oi wunar it [hit] dhi.
BAKE, t^.' Sc. n.Irel. Yks. Lin. Lei. Nhp. Glo. Oxf.
Ilrt. Suf. Sur. Wil. Aus. Slang.
1. Of bread : to toast.
Glo.i, Oxf.i Sur. Shall I bake your bread to-day tN.&Q. (1878)
5th S. X. 222.
2. To dry, harden, or become incrusted ; also some-
times with prep, on, to adhere by incrustation.
n.Yks. T'ground bceaks in summer (.I.W.). w.Yks.i nXin.*
Look at that theare soo. Master Edward ; she's fairly baakcd wi'
sludge. Lei.' Let it bake before you brush it [said of mud-splashes
on cloth]. Nhp.' The dirt is so baked on the child's face it won't
come off. Oxf' MS. add. Hrt. Great rains . . . are apt to bake
and cake . . . the ground, Ellis Mod. Husb. (1750) H. i. 33;
Horses . . . thereby miss treading and baking, as it were, the
ground so close, il>. H. ii. 104.
3. To knead dough or paste of any kind.
Sc. A woman kneads or bakes this paste into masses of the
shape and size of peats, Walker Essays (1808) II. 121 (Jam.).
Ags. It is not reckoned happy for two persons to bake bread to-
gether (Jam.). N.I.' Ant. Are you bakin' the day? (J.S.)
Hence Baking-case, a kneading-trough.
Abd. The dough is kneaded in the baking-case (Jam.).
4. To exhaust, tire.
[Aus.,N.S.W. It wasn't one twentj-four hours ornearit thatwould
bake two such horses in regular good buckle, Boldrewood Ro'bcry
(1888) III. XV.] Slang. Long before the Chcrwell Drysdale was
completely baked, Hughes T. Brown O.xj. (1861) xii.
5. Comb.{\) Bake-faggot, a rissole of chopped pig's liver
VOL. I.
and seasoning, covered with ' flare ' ; (2) -office, a baker's
shop ; (3I -oven, an ordinary oven.
(ijWil' (21 Suf. iK.H.) (31 sw.Lin.' We're building a small
bake-oven. We seem lost without a bakeoven. It does for stack-
stcddling and bake-oven heating.
BAKE, V? Slang. To sit or lie at ease.
Slang. Used at Winchester School (A.L).H ) ; E.F.')
Hence (i) Baker, a cushion to sit or kneel upon ;
anything placed on a form to sit upon ; (2) Bakester,
a lazy fellow, one fond of lying about ; (31 Baking-leave,
permission given by the owner of a study for his fiicnds
to sit there ; (4) Baking-place, a sofa or couch.
Slang. (I' The term would not in my time have been applictl to
a blotting book, as stated in Mansfield, Shadwell W'yke. Slang
(1859-1864); (E.F.); Anything comfortable to sit on, Adams
Iiyjic/ianiiia {I8^6) 416 {Cofe). (2) tE.F.) (3) (E.F.1 ; Commoner
praefects used to give ' baking leave ' in their studies to juniors
whom they tccjayed. A college boy would give a ' baking leave'
at his scob to a commoner friend, Shadwell H'yke. Slang {iB^g-
1864). (4)(E.F.)
[That pope of Rome when he lay beaking himself in
the midst of his luxuries had cause to cry, Heit quaitliini
palimitr pro Chrislo / Symmons I'iiid. Charles I (1648)
(Nares) ; At home we take our ease And beake ourselves
in rest, Kendall Floiwrs of Epigraiiiines (1577) iii.]
BAKED MEAT, pisr. Lin. Roast meat, as distin-
guished from boiled.
n.Lin.'
[Look to the baked meats, good Angelica : Spare not
for cost, Shaks. R. 6^ /. iv. iv. 5 ; The funeral baked
meats Did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables, ib.
Hanthi, L ii. 180.]
BAKE-HOUSE, sb. Yks. [bea k-ss.] In phr. bake-
house bread, that made by a baker, as distinguished
from home-made bread. See Baker's bread. Cf. back-
house.
w.Yks. Wi obs beak wasen, cos wi duant laik beakos briad
(J.W.).
BAKELET, sb. Chs. Stf. [beiklet.] A flat circular
piece of wood with handle attached, used for turning oat-
cakes, &c., over the fire on a bakestone or frying-pan.
Chs. 5Afn/(i884'i III. 195. Stf.' ; Stf.= We slianna be able fur
have eny moor paiklets yet a while ; that lad's just smaished my
bakelet aa to smithereens.
BAKEN, pp. of V. to bake. Sc. Baked.
Lnk. God be praised, I've found it! I've found it! my bread's
bakcn ! my bread's bakcn ! Procter Barber's Slio/> '1856 3.
[A cake baken on the coals, Bible i Kings xix. 6;
The baikyn stane vald thole the fyir, Coiiiplaynl of Sc.
(1549) 46; Benes and baken apples thei brouhte in here
lappes, P. Plowman (c.) ix. 318. OE. (ge)bacen, pp. of
bacan, to bake.]
BAKER, sb. Lnn. Stf Won Oxf. Cor.
1. A potato or apple suitable for baking.
Lan. I wur covert wi bakers un kcaws ut gan milk, Collins
Poems ( 1859) 43 ; In looking at a lot of potatoes in a sack or on a
stall a person would probably say • I'housc are good bakers' (,S.W.).
2. A shallow utensil used for baking on peat.
Cor.3
3. Coiiip. Baker-crab, a crab of the genus Xantho.
Cor 3 i here are two species of Baker-crab, Xantho florida and
Xaiilho rivulosa. They resemble in colour iron which has been
heated and then greased — in fact, that of the iron ' baker.'
4. I'ottcry term : a pie-dish.
St". Gl. Lab. (i894\
5. A small pebble placed in an oven to indicate when it
is sufficiently heated.
se.'Wor.' This is shown by the stone then presenting a floury-
white appearance. Oxf.' MS. add.
BAKER-KNEED, «<!). />/;r. Chs. [beka-nid.] Knock-
kneed.
Ch5.i3
[His voice had broken to a gruffish squeak. He had
grown blear-eyed, baker-kneed, and gummy, Colman
Poet. rag. (1814) 13 (Dav.i. The older phr. was baker-
legged. 'His body crooked all over, big-belly'd, baker-
legg'd, and his complexion so swarthy, L'Estrange Life
BAKER'S BREAD
[138]
BALCHIN
ofMsop (Dav.) ; fi/Z/rtrrf/cr, baker-legg'd, that hath crooked
legs, or goes in at the knees, Cotgr.]
BAKER'S BREAD, phr. Lin. Wor. Oxf. Bread made
by a baker as distinguished from home-made bread.
n.Lin.i, Wor. (J.W.P.), Oxf.> MS. add.
BAKER'S DOZEN, phr. In gen. use. Thirteen,
rarely fourteen.
w.Yks. B.A.NKS Wkfld. Wds. (1865V, w.YkB.2 Der.i Baker's
dozen, fourteen. Lei.' Yours is a small curacy, Mr. L. Have you
any family ?— Only a baker's dozen, your Majesty. Nhp.i, War.23,
Oxf.171/5. add., Brks.i, Hnt. (T.P.F.) Cor. Th' ould Mennear
wan day bought a baker's dozen o' porc'lain eggs, ' Q.' Troy Town
(18881 xiii. CoUoq. Fourteen kisses, and that's a baker's dozen,
you know, Horne Olla Podrida (1820") I. 128.
[Hercules labours were a baker's dozen, Cleaveland
Poems {\(>^\) (Nares) ; Serqna, a dozen, namely of egges,
or as we say a bakers dozen, that is thirteene to the
dozen, Florio (161 i).]
BAKESTER, sb. Cor. [be-ksta(r).] A baker.
Cor. He is a bakester by trade (M.A.C.) ; Cor.12
BAKESTICK, see Beak-stick.
BAKESTONE, see Backstone.
BAK-HUS, see Backhouse.
BAKIE, 5i.i Sc. (Jam.) A kind of peat.
Sc. From the manner of the operation, these peats are called
Bakies, Walker Essavs (1808) H. 121.
[See Bake, v.'^ 2.]
BAKIE, si.2 Sh. and Or.I. The black-headed Gull,
Lams ritiiibnndus.
Sh. & Or.I. SwAiNSON Birds (1885) 209 ; S. & Ork.*
BAKIE, see Baikie.
BAKING, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Der. Lin. War.
Wor. Oxf. Dor. Som. Dev.
1. All the bread, pastry, &c., baked for a household at
one time, a batch ; also fg. the period at which the
' baking' takes place.
N.Cy.i Nhb.i A bakin o' breed. w.Yks. It's mony a bakin' sin'
ah wor at Bradfurth (^.B.) ; w.Yks.s Ycr've a rare baaking,
missis, this week ! — Aye barn, my baakings is as bigagean as they
used to be. ne.Lan.i, Der.^, nw.Der.i n.Lin.' We hev' a heavy
baakin' this weak. War. (J.R.W.), Oxf.i A/5, flrf^/. w.Som.i So
good a baking as ever I put in the oven.
2. The quantity of corn sent bjr a farmer to the mill to
be ground for the use of his family.
n.Yks. Our Bakin I put up 'ith Harden seek. The Milners let it
fall mto the Beck, Meriton Praise Ale(i6e.^) 1. igi ; n.Yks. ' What
Batch is in connection with the oven, that Baking is in reference
to the mill.
3. A family dinner sent to the bakehouse.
■w.Som.i Aay-d u-guut u oa-vm-veol u bae-ukeenz tiie, haun
dhu kraewn oa un vaa-ld een [I had an oven full of family
dinners, too, when the crown of it fell in].
4. Cowb. (i) Baking-kettle, an iron cover placed over
a flat cake while it is being baked on a hot hearth-stone ;
(2) -letch, a kind of bread (?) ; (3) -peel, a shovel with
a long handle, used by bakers in moving bread in and out
of an oven : see Peel (a baker's shovel) ; (4) -spittle,
a thin spade-shaped board with a handle, used in baking
oatcakes : see Spittle, sb. ; also a slang word for tongue ;
(5) -trendle, a baking tub : see Trendle, sb.
(i) Dev. Jagg Gl. [s.v. Wilver]; Dev.^ This kettle is covered with
hot ashes, which are constantly changed until the cake is thoroughly
cooked and of a pale brown colour. (2) Sc. For there was
nowther lad nor loun Micht eat a bakin-lotch, Evergreen, \\. 180
(Jam.). (3) se.Wor.i a nicely-made baking peel, with its handle
broken in two, 75. (4) Yks. They tell me my tongue's like
a baking-spittle vF.P.T.). w.Yks. Awve hccard tell on her
clatterin' his lugs wi' t'bakin-spittle, Hartley Clock Aim. (1874)
19 ; Don't mak that chap any flatter ner he is ; if tha duz he'll be
too thin to mak a bakin spittle on, Pudsey OI»i. (June 18891 ;
Wot a tD stikin at 8i beokin spiti laik Sat fo ? ( J.W.) ; w.Ylis.2 ;
w.Yks.^ Used for putting the rolled-out cake into the oven, and for
turning it round, and over, at successive stages, Lan. Tolher's as
dry as a bakin'-spittle, WAuan5«fcAiJaH/(i858) i ; Lan.' e.Lan.'
{5) Dor. I walked on and seed a clock with a face as big as
a baking-trcndle, Hardy Madding Crowd (1874).
BAKKAGREF, see Backagruf.
BAKSTON, see Backstone.
BAL, si.i Cor. [bael.]
1. A mine ; the surface of a mine.
Cor. And whether in church, or going to bal, they sing hymns,
O'DoNOGHUE St. Knighton (1864) vi ; Jan was discontented, and
went to Bal and returned from Bal always a sullen man, Hunt
Pop. Rant. w.Eng. (1865) I. 97 ; P'rhaps I'll meet somewan or
awther who'll be comin' from bal about now, Pearce Esther Pen-
treath (1891) 24 ; Cor.>2
2. Coinp. (i) Bal-girl, a girl who works at a mine ;
(2) -ire, a crowbar ; (3) -maid, -maiden, a bal-girl, q.v.
(i) Cor. With carts, bal-girls and gooses, J. Trenoodle Spec.
(1846) 21 ; Cor.i2 (2) Cor.2 MS. add. (3I Cor.2
[Ball is used in Cornwall for a tin-mine. Chambers
Cyclop. (1788) ; Godolphin Ball is the most famous of all
the balls or mines in Cornwall, Phil. Trans. (1678) XIL
951 (Chambers). Cornish bal, collection of mines.]
BAL, sb? Cor. A nuisance, bother.
Cor.i What a bal the dog es ! noozling up agen me.
BAL, sb.^ Cor. Loud talking, chattering.
Cor.2 Hould tha bal, dew [hold your tongue].
BALAAM, sb. e.An. [belsm.]
1. An ass.
Suf. (F.H.) ; Suf.l s.v. Baalamb.
2. Comp. Balaam's-smite, (i) the mark or 'cross' on
an ass's back ; (2) Devil's bit, or wild Scabious ; (3) see
below ; (4) — Sunday, the third Sunday after Easter,
when the story of Balaam is read in the first lesson.
(i) e.An.1 (2) Suf. (F.H.) (3) ib. ' You'ld better take some
baiaam-smite ' is said to a person who is ailing ; but no one knows
what the medicine is, except that it is in the form of pills (ib.). (4)
e.An.i ; e.An.2 The Sunday on which the lesson relates to the
prophet of Peor ; and on which the Norfolk housewife is reminded
of the approach of the mackerel season.
BALANCE, sb. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf.
[ba'lans.]
1. In phr. fo be on the balance, to hesitate, be undecided.
Lan. (S.W.) s.Chs.i Ahy wuz jiist u)th baal-uns wedh'iir tii
moa-it wi)th sahydh, urgy'et dhu misheyn too it [I was just o' th'
balance whether to mow it wi' th' scythe, or get the machine to
it]. Stf. (A. P.)
2. Comb, (i) Balance beam, (2) — weight, (3) —
wheel, see below.
Nhb. & Dur. (i) A beam attached by the centre to the winding
rope and a pair of the cage chains shackled at each end, Nichol-
son Coal Tr. Gl. (1888). (2) As the ascending and descending
cages [in a shaft] approach each other, the balance weight, which
is of very heavy chain, gradually relieves the winding-engine of
its weight, so that at meetings no influence shall be e.xerted by the
balance weight ; after meetings the descending rope becomes
heaviest and the winding-engine again winds up the balance
weight, to counteract the downward impulse of the descending
cage, ib. (3) w.Yks. A wheel at the end of the crank shaft to
balance the running of the loom (J.M.).
BALARAG, see Ballyrag.
BALCH, sb. Dev. Cor. [baeltj.]
1. A small rope ; a sash cord.
Cor. Take a pretty thick balch, J. Trenoodle Spec. (1846) 28 ;
Cor.12
2. A stout cord used for the head-line of a fishing-net.
Dev. Reports Provinc. (1887) 3. Cor. Quiller-Couch Hist.
Polperro (1871) 173; Cor.'
3. Corks attached to ropes, to mark the site of mussel-
pots, &c.
Dev. The sea carr'd away they balches. Reports Provinc. (18B6)
194 ; ib. (1887) 3.
BALCH, adj. 'War. Wor. [bseltj, boltj.] Of persons :
bald. Of birds : unfledged, bare.
War.3 He is quite balch-hcadcd. What's in the nest?— Five
young 'uns, but all balch. We called young birds balch ones ; that
is, when with dowle [down] upon them. ne.Wor. I know to a
nest of young jackdaws, but they're only balch yet. I came down
dab, like a bolch magpie (J.W. P.).
BALCH, see Bolsh.
BALCHER, a6. Oxf. [bo-ltja(r).] A young bird. See
Balch, Balchin.
Oxf.i Skalley baulchers, unfledged birds [s.v. Skalley].
BALCHIN, sb. Not. Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Also
written bolshin Lei.* ; bolchin Nhp.' se.Wor.' [bseltjin.
BALD
[139]
BALE
boltjin ; Lei. also bo'ljin.] A young unfledged bird ; also
used allrib
Not' Lei, I have heard tliis used in speaking of young rooks
(C.E.); Lei. ' As bare as a balcliin. 'All oys an' goots, loike a
bolshin black-bud,' is a common simile fora sickly but abdominous
infant. Nhp.' Frequently used with the characteristic prefi.x ' bald,'
as ' A bald balchin.' War.^, se.Wor.'
[Balch, adj. + -///if.]
BALD, sb. Sh.l. A ravelled knot.
S. & Ork.i
[Cp. Dan. balde, ON. botlr (gen. hallar), a ball, ' globus.']
BALD, luij'. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Lin.
War. Wor. Shr. Oxf. Ess. Ken. Soni. Cor. Also written
balled Yks. ne.Lan.' ; ball- Ken.' [b9ld, bQsld ; Sc. bad ;
w.Soni. bal, b^l.]
1. Of animals : white-faced, having a white streak down
the face ; piebald. Cf ball, sb?
n-Yks. We call a spanged cow a balled un (F.P.T.\ w.Yks. A
white-faced horse is said to be ball'd, Ill/x. U'lls. ; w.Yks.l If the
mare have a bald face, the filly will have a blaze. ne.Lan.', War.
(J.R.W.)
2. Comp. Bald-faced, (1) of animals : white-faced ; (2) of
men : having ncitlicr beard nor whiskers ; (3) -head, a
bladder of lard ; (4) -headed, bald ; (5) -pates, see below.
(i) w.Yks.', n.Liii.' sw.Liii.' A bald-faced horse. Oxf.' A bald-
faced calf. \n gen. use, MS. add, (2") w.Som.' You know unwell
'nough,but I can't mind hot's a-called; baald-faced, pock- vurden old
feller. (3I Stf.= (a,^0%^.'^ MS. add. (5) w.Som.' Poo-ur oal blid !
ee-z su haul ai"dud z u blad-ur u laud [poor old blood ! he is as bald-
headed as a bladder of lard]. A person is never described as
bald, alwai'S bald-headed. (6) Ken.' Roman coins of the lesser and
larger silver were called bald-pates in Thanet by the country
people in Lewis's time. \Obs. Not known to correspondents.]
3. Of birds : unfledged. Cf balch.
Stf.2 Oi'll shew thee to a nest wi four bald uns in. Shr.' I know
to throstle's nist 66th five bald young un'sin it. Ken.' Ball-squab,
a young bird just hatched.
4. Applied to birds having white on the head : (i) Bald
Buzzard, the Marsh Harrier, Circus acriis^nosiis (Ess.) ;
(2) — Coot, the Coot, Fiilica aim (Nhb. Cum. Chs. War.
Wor. Shr. Oxf Som.) ; (3) —Duck, Fiilica aba (Som.) ;
(4) — Goose, Aiiscr albifivns (Sc.) ; (5) — Powt, Fulica
aha (e.Lth. Nhb.).
(i) Ess. SwAiNSON Birds (1885) 132. (2) Nhb.', Cum.' Chs.'
So called to distinguish it from the water-hen {Gallinula podiceps),
which is also called Coot ; Chs.3, War.Q.R.W.), War.^, ne.Wor.
(J.W.P.), Shr.', Oxf. (G.E.D.) Som. Swainson Birds (1885)
178. (3)Som. lA. (4)80.14.148. (5) e.Lth. li. 178. Nhb.' Bal-
poot or Bell-poot.
5. Of sheep : without horns.
Cor.= A bald ram, MS. add.
[1. Bald, white in the face. Ash (1795) ; A black mare
with 3 white feet, and a bald face, Loitd. Caz. (1690) No.
2575(N.E.D.). 4. (2) Coote, . . . T (i.e. G.);*/?^,' i. flamen,
sacerdos, a macula alba frontis, quae rasum sacerdotis
verticem refert,' Minsheu (1617) ; A balled cote, uiie
blarve. Biblesworth (c. 1300) in Wright Voc. (1857) 165.
BALD, see Bauld, Bold.
BAL-DAG, V. Cor. [bae'l-dEeg.] To bespatter with
slime, esp. with slime from a mine.
w.Cor. In use among miners (M.A.C.). Cor."
BALDER, v.^ Lan. To break stones on the road.
Lan.i
Hence Balderer, sb. a stone-breaker.
Lan.'
BALDER, I'.* e.An. Also written bawda e. An.' Nrf.'
Suf ' To use coarse language ; to abuse.
e.An.', Nrf.' Suf.' We should whiningly complain of having
been ' bawder'd and ragg'd in a shameful waah.'
BALDERDASH, sb. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Lin. Glo. e.An.
Sus. Dev. [baida-, bselda-, bolda-daj, -daej.]
1. Weak, washy drink.
Dub. A pint of porter with a ' dash ' in it is so called in Dublin
hotels, Uhlcrjm. Arch. (1854) II. 204. Nrf.'
2. Filthy or obscene talk.
Nhb.' Or cull one from the vulgar class. She balderdash will
bawl, RonsoN 5a/)'/- H/iOH IVoiiicn (,1715). w.Yks.', Lin.', e.An.',
Nrf.', Sus.' 2
3. Impudent language, abuse.
Glo.' n.Dev. Gkose (1790) MS. add. (H.)
[1. Balderdash (of drink), ;;//.r/<7/o//o; (of other tilings)
farrago, Routinso.N Pliras. (1693); It is against my
freehold . . . To drink such balderdash or bonnj'-clabbcr,
B. JoNsoN New Inn (1629) i. i.]
BALDERRY, sb. Sc. Also in form baldberry. (1)
The female iianded orchid, O. tiiacitlala ; (2) O. latifolia.
Sc. (Jam.) w.Sc. Science Gossip ()88i) 277.
BALDERCS BRAE, sb. Nhb. Also in form bald
eyebrow. Anilidnis cotiila, also called Mayweed, q.v.
[Thou mny'st have some idea of the beauty of his hair
when I tell thee that the whitest of all plants is called
Baldur's brow, Mallet N.Aittiq. (1770), ed. Bohn, 417.
ON. Baldrs-brA ; cp. Norw. dial. Balderbraa, a name for
the 'pyrethrum inodorum' (Aasen); Sw. dial. -SflA/c/'i-irtJ
' anthemis cotula,' Baldiirsbrci ' pyrethrum inodorum '
(RiETZ) ; Dan. Btddrrsbraa 'anthemis cotula' {Ordbog).]
BALD EYEBROW, see Balder Brae.
BALDIN, sb. Sh.l. The Halibut, Platroiiccks hippo-
gloSSKS.
S.&Ork.i
BALDMONEY, sb. Wm. Yks. Meimi alliainanlicum.
[Buklmnny, an herb so called, Melon, Baii.ev (1721);
il/ib, the hcarbe Spigncll, Mew, Bcarewort, or Baldemonie,
Florid (j6i I). Ba/dniony was once a common name for
the Gentian (so Asm, 1795) : Genliane, Gentian, Bitterwort,
Baldmoine or Baldniony, Cotgr. ; (Gentian) is named in
Englisli Felwoort, Baldmoyne, and Baldnioney, Gerarde
Herb. (cd. 1633) 434 ; Baldemoyn, Genciana, Prompt.]
BALD-RIB, sb. Stf Lei. War. Wor. Shr. Ilrf Glo. lint.
Som. Also written ball- Stf .Som. ; bal- Som. [bol-rib.]
A joint of pork, consisting of the lower ribs with some of
the meat removed ; also used for the 'spare-rib,' q.v.
s.Stf. PiNNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895). Lei.' War. (J.R.W.) ;
War.^ In preparing the carcase of a pig for bacon the ribs are
usually removed, and are divided into spare-ribs and bald-ribs.
Much of the meat is cut away from both for pork-pie making.
ne.Wor. (J.W.P.) Shr.' As the spare-rib is spare of Ilesh, so the
bald-rib is bare of flesh; Shr.', Hrf.', Glo.'^ Hnt. When you
killed a pig, before George the Fourth's day. you was obligated to
part with the bald-ribs and spare-ribs, and all the best joints, to buy
salt with, A'. & Q. (1865) 3rd S. vii. 295. Som. Jennings Obs.
Dial. w.Eng. (1825I; W. & J. Gl. (1873).
[A bald-rib, cosia porciiia, Coles (1679) ; Baldrib,
because the bones thereof are made bald and bare of flesh,
MiNsiiru (1617I.]
BALDRICK, sb. Rut. e.An. Also baldrack Rut.' ;
balderick, balderdick e.An.' A leather band used to
suspend the clapper of a cluirch bell.
Rut.' Obs. For making a new Baldrack to Bell Clapper, 25.,
Accounts, 1764. e.An.' A baldrick is made of horse's hide.
fA bawdrick of a bell clapper, ropali corrigia. Coles
(1679) ; For mendinc of y« baldericke for y° foorc bell,
vjf/, Churchw. Ace. South Lynn (1618), in A'. £^0. (1851) ist
S. iii. 435.]
BALE, A-A.' Obsol. or Obs. Sc. Nhb. Win. Yks. Stf
Also written bail N.Cy.' Nhb.' Stf ; baal w.Yks.' ; bayle
(Jam.) Nhb.; bally n.Yks.'«; beal e.Yks.' [bel, bial, beal.J
1. A blaze, a flame of whatever kind.
Sc. (Jam. , Stf.' 1 1 Iv.~i]
2. Com p. Bale-fire, any large fire.
Ayr. A large lire, whether it be in a house or in the fields, is still
denominated a bale- or Baal-fire, Aiton Agrie. (1811) 154 (Ja"-)-
3. A bonfire, a signal of alarm.
Sc. (Ja.m., N.Cy.' Nhb.' The custom of lighting a bonfire on
Midsummereve was kept up in parts of Northumberland till recently.
The practice may even yet linger in some old-fashioned villages
in the county. Win.' Obs, e.Yks. The Midsummer bonfires or
' beeals ' are rarely, if ever, seen; the name is still in use among
old people iR.S.).
4. Comp. (i) Bale- or bally-bleeze, a bonfire; (2) -fire,
a bonfire, a beacon or signal fire ; (3) -hills, hillocks on
the moors where fires have formerly been.
(I) n.Yks.'2 (2) Sc. (Jam.) Nhb. B.nyle fires kindled far and
near. Laird of Tliorncybiime (1855) 28. Wm.' Otis. e.Yks.' A
bonfire lighted on Midsummer eve. (3; N.Cy.', w.Yks.'
BALE
[140]
BALK
5. A place where lead has been smelted.
w.Yks. In this hollow is the site of a Bale or Baal HilI,GRAiNGE
Niddcrdalc 1863 59.
6. Coinp. Bale-hill, an ancient smelting place.
n.Yks.3
[1. All \e: burje at a braide was on a bale kyndild, Wars
Alex. (c. 1450) 2231 ; Thai flaggatis (faggots) byrnand in
a baill, Barbour Bruce (1375) xvii. 619. 2. As blesenand
as bale fyre & blake as )ie hell, Wars Alex. 562. 3.
Ane Bail is warning of thair cumming, Act 12 Jas. II
(1455) ed. 1566 (Jam.). — ON. bdl, a flame, a funeral pile;
cp. OE. bdl.\
BALE, sb? Obs. Sc. n.Cy. Sorrow, misery.
Sc. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) n.Cy. Grose (1790); When
bale is hext boot is next. Ray Fiov. (1678) 96.
[Comforte your selfe with this old text . . . when bale is
hekst, boote is next, Heywood Prov. (1562) 38; Quen \&
bal ys alder hext fien sum time ys bote next. Cursor M.
(c. 1300) 4775. Cp. ON. I^cgar bul cr hast cr bbt mcst, when
bale is highest boot is Highest. ON. bol; cp. OE. ba/u, evil,
sorrow.]
BALE, see Beal.
BALEISE, 11. Shr. Also written balase Shr.^; bellise
Shr.i [bse las.] To beat, flog, whip, scourge.
Shr. Bound Prov. (^18761 ,■ Shr.i ; Shr.^ Balase him well.
Hence Balasing, t'W. sb. a beating, flogging.
Shr.2 Gie him a good balasing.
[^ut am ich chalenged in chapitele-hous, as ich a childe
were And baleysed on the bar ers, P. Plowman (c.) vii.
157. From ME. baleys, a rod, a scourge (Prompt.) ; OFr.
ba/ois, balai's iLiTTRE); AFr. balai (Moisy) ; cp. OFr. ba/ain
(mod. balai). broom, ' genesta,' Bret, balan (Du Rusquec).]
BALFURD, V. Sh.I. To put anything carefully aside ;
to secrete.
S.& Ork.l
BALK, sb.^ Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also in
the form baak S. & Ork.> Nhb.' LVV.'; bauk Sc. N.Cy.'
Nhb. (Grose) n.Yks.= e.Yks.i w.Yks.^ n.Lin.^ bavUk Sc.
Lin. Glo. Hrt. Nrf Wil.' Dor.; bawk Ayr. Cum. n.Yks.^
w.Yks.i* Lan. e.Lan.' Der.= Lin. Suf^ Cor.^; boak Cum. ;
boax (J>1.) Lan. ; boke Cum. Wm.^ w.Yks. [bak, bgk,
boak.]
I. A ridge, esp. in ploughing ; a raised piece of ground ;
hence, a division, boundary.
L The ridges or up-turned furrows of ploughed land.
Sc. Balk and burrall, ridge and furrow alternately, Morton Cyclo.
Agric. (1863 '. Abd. The hills and heath ground . . . appear to have
been under cultivation, ... at least that partial kind of it called
balk and burral, which consisted of one ridge very much raised
by the plough, and a barren space of nearly the same extent,
alternately, Turriff Abd Stalis,!. Ace. XVIII. 404 'Jam. . w.Yks.^
n.Lin.^ More balks, more barley ; more seams, more beans. War.^,
Shr.2, e.An.' Nrf. Ridges for sowing mangold, Cozens-Hardy
Broad Nrf. (1893) 83. Suf. 'A clean balk' is when the ridges
are all turned one way (C.T.). Ken. When the land has been
ploughed with a double wreest plough, one speaks of 'ridging the
land into baulks ' (P.M.).
2. A strip of waste land, round a field or by the roadside ;
a grassy pathway across a corn-field.
Sc. Upon a baulk, that is an unploughed ridge of land interposed
among the corn, the Laird's trusty palfrey was tethered by the
head, Scott Midlolliian 18181 xxvi ; Could tell in his broken lan-
guage upon what baulksgrew the bonniest flowers, (4. GiyAf. 11815)
viii. Ayr. A rose-bud by my early walk, Adown a corn-enclosed
bawk. Burns Rosebud. n.Yks.^, ne.Yks.' e.Yks. Nicholson
/■/*-S/>, (18891 ; e.Yks.', Der.^, nw.Der.' Nhp. Where each way
beats the nodding grain Aside the narrow balk, Clare Poems (1821)
33. War. (J.R.W.) Hrt. Baulks of grass, the grass lying next
to and partl3' under the hedges, whereon the ploughing horses are
turned. Ellis Prar/. Farmer ' t-j^o).
3. A strip of land accidentally missed in ploughing or
sowing : a piece of stubble or grass which has been
unevenly cut. See Swathe,
N,Cy.i* Nhb.', Dur.i Wm,' A portion of a field left unploughed
owing to an obstruction, such as rock cropping out, or large
boulders. n.Yks. You think weese mack monny ilfavart bawke.
When we do plew, we mun tack teaume, I reed, Meriton
Praise Ale (1684) I. iz2, i^. m.Yks.*, w.Yks.^, ne.Lan.' sw.Lin.'
We made a many balks in ploughing to-day. [Also] a piece of
stubble left high owing to the scjthe slipping over it in mowing.
Shr.i I see theer's a balk in a fild o' corn down by Steppiton ;
I dunna know who it belungs to, but it's no good sign anyways,
theer'U be djeth i' the 'ouse afore 'arrdSst. Shr." A two-year-
old balk is as good as a ruck of muck, Prov. Hnt. Plowing an
acre of high land without a single balk, Marshall Ret'iew (1811)
III. 211. e.An.i A ridge left in balk-ploughing. I.W.'* wil.^
When a ' land ' has been accidentally passed over in sowing, the
bare space is considered as a presage of some misfortune. seJlor.
(C.W.)
4. A strip of ground left untilled to divide the property
of different owners, esp. to separate the portions of
common or open fields. Also called mere, rean, q.v.
Sc. (Jam.) Lnk. Last night I met him on a bawk, Ramsay
Gentle Sbep. (1725) 124, ed, 1783. N.Cy.i^ Nhb. Grose (1790);
Nhb.' The freeholds in the system of cultivation before the Com-
mons Enclosure Acts were thus divided. Cum. ' Balk ' is rarely
used in the sense of a division ; a ' rean ' is the word for
divisions in crops (M.P.). Wm.l ' Deeals ' in fields in common-
able cultivation, called here ' toon-fields,' were regularly so
divided, and the practice survives still in some places. n.Yks.^
'Banks' hay' is hay grown upon the ridges which separate the land-
portionson a common right. e.Yks. Thompson //is<. IVclton (1869)
171 ; Nicholson Ftk-Sp. (1889'! 51 ; Have an eye to the heads,
balkes and divisions, Best Fanning Bk. (1642) 28 ; e.Yks.' Chs.
SAfrt/'(i883l III. 30; Chs.^ n.Lin.' Under a raised ground or
bank, parallel to a balk, the only one in the field, Hist. Lincoln
(1810) 240, Nhp. Down narrow balks that intersect the fields,
Clare Poems (1820) II. 104; Nhp.'^ Rut.' Used especially in
unenclosed lordships. War.'^ Bdf. The flocks of the common
fields are kept on the commons and balks between the lands,
Marshall Review (1814) IV. 603. Hrt. Cussans Hist. Hrt.
(1879-81I III, 320 ; My master has never since suffered the dung-
cart to travel over the shire baulk, M.^rshall Review (1817) V. 10.
Hnt. (T. P.P. I e.An. Runton, in which an ancient rural practice
still prevails ; namely, the separation of field from field by a strip
of land a rod in width, called a balk or mereing balk. White e.Eng.
(18651 L 194; e.An.', Nrf.' Suf. Rainbird Agric. (1819') 288,
ed. 1849 ; Cullum Hist. Hawsted (1813') ; Suf.', Ken.' WU.' The
strips [in a 'common field'] are marked off fiom one another, not
by hedge or wall, but by a simple grass path, a foot or so wide,
which they call ' balks' or ' meres,' IVil Arch. Mag. XVII. 294.
[(K,) ; Make not balks of good ground, Ray Prov. (1678) 96.]
5. Comp. (1) Balk-bred, -braid, the breadth of a balk or
ridge of unploughed land ; (2) -stee, a stile leading to a
narrow pathway through a field.
(I) Sc. Jam.) (2) Cum. Strectan his-sel up till he was as brant
as a bokes-stee, Sargisson /o^ Sran/> (1881) 88. w.Yks. (W.H.)
6. A longish field.
Der.' I have two, called Margaret Balks, at Osmaston.
7. An old hedge bank on which the 'quick' is planted.
Shr.'
8. A path on a bank ; a bank or ridge.
n-Lin.', GI0.2, Ken.1
9. Loose ground that sounds hollow when struck.
Cor.3
10. A ridge or irregularity in the roof of a mine.
Nhb.' Nhb. & Dur. A species of hitch ; the roof of the seam
coming down into the coal without any corresponding depression
of the thill, thus causing a nip. Balks are most frequent when the
roof of the coal is a stratum of sandstone or post, Greenwell
Coal Tr. Gt. (1849V
11. A line marked on the ground to jump from.
n.Lin.'
II. A beam of wood ; hence, a projecting bar or block
of masonry.
1. A beam or rafter; a crossbeam in the roof of a house;
freq. used as a place for hanging tools, bacon, &c. ; hence
phr. to lay to the balks, to put aside, lay by when not
in use.
Sc. ' Get a bawk frae the rucks,' was the order he issued, Roy
Horseman (1895) ii ; S. & Ork.' Ayr. An' darklins grapit for the
banks. Burns Halloween (1785) sL 11. e.Lth. What for should
they want to pu' doun the bawks on oor heids \ Hunter J. Inwick
(1895) 102. n.Cy. (K. . ; N.Cy.'^ Nhb. Grose (1790) ; The balks
o' wor hoose are cedor, an' wor raftors o' for, Forster Newc. Sng.
Sol. (1859) i, 17 ; Nhb.' ' To lay to the balks ' is used metaphorically
to denote a disuse of any implement or instrument. Dur. Prov.
BALK
[141]
BALK
Aa's not sittin' kecpin' a bean ower a baak [I am not beholden to
you foranythiiiK] I F.P.) ; Dur.* Cum. Mostly applied to the beams
of barns in outhouses, and the places above them, where these are
not ceilings (M.P.) ; Fra t'chimley boak his gun he tciik, Richard-
son Talk (1876) i68. n.Yks.' He neea seeancr gets his legs
ower t'bed-stocks than he's scramping te' t'bacon-bauks ; n.Yks.^
e.Yks. A fower-hoss balk, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (i88g) 51 ; Neaver
lye out his sheaves beyonde the balkes but rather within the
balkes,BEST/\Kr.£fOH. 1 1642 48; e.Yks.' A transverse beam under
the ceiling of the kitchen, for supporting the joists, and used in
the interspaces as a shelf for cakes, tobacco-pipes, &c. m.Yks.'
Of a room that has been ' underdrawn ' — i.e. wliere a roof of laths
and plaster has been constructed below the rafters — it will be
said, 'The walls must be whitewashed, but the balk will have to
hold for another day.' w.Yks. Cheerful songs Were chanted
laadly raand, As if ta split t'owd bauk aboon, Tom Treddlehoyle
Baimsla Ann. (,1850) 36; Az sooin az a sprig or two on it iz hungup
a t'bauk, ib. (,1859) 21 ; Threw it o'er a hoigh hawk, wot went just
o'er t'dooar, Bvwater Sheffield Dial. (1877) 235 ; Th' misteltoe is
fixed to th' bawk, Hartley Clock Aim. \ 1896) 25 ; They'd a flick
o' bacon hung up o' t'bawk, Preston Yksman. (Oci. 1878)230;
w.Yks.2a«, ne.Lan.i, m.Lan.', Chs.', Der.> Not. (L.C.M.l ; NoL =
He joled 'is 'eead agen a balk. Lin. Stkeatfield Lin. and Danes
(18841 316; I 'eard the bricks an' the baulks rummle down when the
roof gev waiiy. Tennyson Otvd Rod (1889). n.Lin. Sutton IVds.
(188O ; n.Lin.' An upright post in a stud-and-mud (q.v.) building.
sw.Lin.', Nbp.'2, War. (J.R.W.) Shr.' I eard a squake o'er
my yed w'en I wuz tliroshin, an' w'en I looked up 1 sid a rot
gwein' alung the balk 6uth a waizle oudin' on to the scuft on 'is
neck. The 'chimley balk' is a great beam in front of an old-
fashioned (ire-place, where the bacon is sometimes hung to dry.
Ubsol. That par o' chawls mun be shifted throm the chimley
balk, they bin gettin quite raisty. e.An.' Nrf. Yow don't see
them there great baulks in the ceiling now-a-days (W. R.E.) ;
The summers o' our house are cedarn, and our balks o' dale,
Gillett Sng. Sol. (i86o) i. 17. Nrf., Suf. Holloway. Suf.',
w.Som.' Dev. He fell off and went down, so this man had the
balktohimself,BARiNG-GouLDy.i/4';77'H^(i884) 356, [(K.); Grose
(1790I MS. add. (C.)]
2. The beam of a pair of scales or steelyard ; also in
coinp. Weigh-bauks, and phr. banks andbreds.
Sc. Prov. The young Iamb comes as often to the bauk as the
auld ewe (Jam.\ Rxb. Banks and breds, a beam for weighing
larger articles than can be recei\'ed by scales, as wool, &c. iib.)
Nhb.' Baaks, or * Balks and breds,' beam and scales for weighing.
n.Lin.'
3. The rood-beam dividing the chancel of a church from
the nave. Esp. in phr. lo be lliroivn over the balk, to have
the banns published ; lo hangover the balk,io have marriage
deferred after publication.
N Cy.' w.Yks.' Shoe'd been thrawn ower t'bawk some Sundays
back, bud if what thou says be true, shoe's in a likly way to hing
theer, ii. 297. Before the Reformation the laity sat exclusively
in the nave of the church. The expression ' to be thrown our
t'balk' therefore means, to be helped into the choir, where the
marriage ceremony was performed.
4. A strong piece of timber for supporting the roof of the
seam in a mine.
N.Cy.' Nhb.' We must have either oaken spars or firr bawks,
J.C. Compleat Collier 1 1708) 15. Nhb. & Dnr. (S.K.C.)
5. A hen-roost ; a perch in a bird-cage.
Rnf. Whan eenin* comes we'll mak your bauk Aboon the hallan
wa', Allan Poems (1836) The Robin. Nhb.' The burd sits
mopin' o' the balk, like somethin' iv a flay, Wilson Washing Day
(18431st. 4. Wm. (K.) Yks, Tu monny foules atop ov the bawk,
Fetherston T. Goorl'fodger {jQ-jo) 175. n.Yks.^, m.Yks.'
6. The iron bar fixed across a chimney over the fire-
place, on which the 'reckon' (q.v.) and pots are hung.
Also called Gally-balk, Rannel-balk, q.v.
m.Yks.', w.Yks.5
7. A yoke or shoulder-piece of wood with straps and
hooks for carrying pails or cans.
m.Yks.'
8. A wooden frame in a cowhouse for securing the cow's
head while being milked.
Yks. Morton Cyclo. Agn'c. (1863^ Nhp.' e.An.' The balk
allows the cow to move her head freely up and down, but when
she attempts to withdraw it, she finds herself balked, and that she
must stand still till the dairymaid dismisses her. Nrf.' Suf.
e.An. N. & Q. (^1866) II. 325, 363; It is composed of an upright
piece or beam, fixed in the floor and to the top framing, with
a second piece of same length and size, and when upright about
a foot apart from and parallel with the other. It moves on a pivot,
and is pushed by the milkmaid to the perpendicular when it is
fastened by a latch, Raindird Agric. (18191 288, ed. 1849 ; Suf.'
9. A projecting piece of masonry. Obsol.
Shr.' [Sometimes] the mouth of the cr\'en is inside the house,
but the oven itself, being built outside, projects and forms a balk.
10. A loft for storing hay or straw, immediately under
the roof and between the balks or rafters. Usually
in pi.
N.Cy.' Cum. Grose (1790') ; Mollowav ; C/. (1851"). n.Yks.
(I.W.) e.Yks. Marshall /?Kr. £fo>i. (1788). m.Yks.' Go away
to the barn-balks and fetch me an armful of straw-bands. w.Yks.
A hay-mow, elevated on beams, as over a cow-house, is called the
balk's mough, while that on the ground is called the platt [ground]
mough, Hlf.x. Wds. ; w.Yks.' Our Sal clickin fast wi' baith hands to
t'bawk, ii. 287 ; w.Yks.', Lan.', e.Lan.' Chs. Morton Cyclo. Agric.
(1863) ; Chs.' The balks in old buildings consisted of beams, laid
across from wall to wall, upon which round branches were placed
hke joists, with spaces between, and the hay or straw was
stacked upon them. There was no regular floor, but the under
surface of the hay itself formed the ceiling of the shippon. [There
are] several instances where this very primitive arrangement is
still existing. In other cases a rude kind of floor was made by
putting rough outside slabs of trees, the round sides uppermost,
on the branches. At present the floor of the hayloft is properly
boarded and nailed over square joists, but the old name is retained;
Chs. 23 s.Chs.' The old-fashioned hay-lofts consisted of planks
laid loosely across the rafters. Der.', nw.Der.', War. (J.R.W. 1
11. Thetop orceilingofaroom ofanj'kind,not necessarily
having beams or ' balks.'
m.Yks.' w.Yks. Banks Wkjld. JVds. (1865).
12. In pi. The gallery in a church or chapel.
Ayr. 1 hae seen the folk in his time sitting in the balks of the
kirk like bykes [hives] o' bees, N. 6f Q. ( 1873) 4th S. xii. 306.
n.Yks.2 They sit up i' t'free bauks. e.Lan.'
13. In fishing : stakes covered with wattles, and so
arranged that fish are directed towards the nets.
ne.Lan.' A long wattled hedge of a semi-circular form, set upon
the sea sands, compels the fish at the ebb of the tide to make
towards the deepest part, where there is a semi-circular bower of
nets to catch them.
14. Coinp. (i) Balk-end, the gable-end of a house; (2)
-filling, see below; (3) -height, as high as the ceiling or
balk ; (4) -hooks, see below; (5) balks-hole, the opening
through which hay is put when housing it in a loft ; hence
used humorously for a person's mouth ; (6) -stafiF, obs.
a stout stick used as a weapon, also called a quarter-staff;
(7) -tree, the principal beam in a building ; (8; -ways, see
below.
(i) e.Yks.' (a) n.Lin.' The filling up with bricks, small stones,
or plaster, of the angle between the wall-plate and the roof of
a building. (3) Sc. He hads his trinkets to the light ;— Syne
a' the lasses lowp bawk height Wi' perfect joy, Farmer's Ha',
St. 28 (Jam.). Abd. He stenn'd [sprang] bauk-hcight at ilka
stride. Skinner Christmas Ba'ing {i8og) 127 (Jam.). Cum. fhen
cocker WuUy lap bawk heet. Anderson Ballads {1605) 13, ed. 18 15.
w.Yks. Shoo calls him bauk-heigt ivvery day ov his life, Hartley
Clock Aim. (1874) 19; w.Yks.* "T'biggest chap ah ivver seed i' my
life— he'd stand bauk-height, ah'll la.iy owt he wod ! (4) n.Lln.'
Bauk-hooks arc iron hooks fastened into the beams of a kitchen
or larder on which to hang bacon, cooking-vessels, &c. (5)
Lan. Just shut your boaxholcs a bit, chaps, an' give o'er heawsin
while he's done, Brierley Red IVind. (1868) x. (6) n.Cy. I K.) ;
Grose (17901. Chs. (K.) (7) n.Lln.' I'll nivcr hcv a theaf like
that undernean my bauk-tree. (8) n.Yks.' We have witnessed
the primitive manner of carrj'ing the corpse ' bauk-ways,' that
is, upon cross sticks beneath the coffin, bearers having hold of
the projecting ends, three or four on each side. Preface, xi.
III. Fig. A blunder, a slip ; a hindrance or stumbling-
block.
1. A clumsy blunder, a muddle; a stoppage. Of horses:
a 'shy.'
w.Yks.' Ah'll run thuh a raace an' noa balks. Wah tha'll mak
a balk theesen if noab'dy else does. Cor.* He made a bawk of it.
[Also] a shy, as of a horse.
2. Reluctance, objection.
Lan. 1 eet it snap, for I'r so keen bitt'n I mede no bawks at
BALK
[142]
BALK
o Heyseed, Tim Bobbin View Dial. (1746") 61, ed. 1806 ; Made no
moor bawks abeawt it, Waugh Oiid Bodle, 257 ; Lan.i He made
no moor bawks at th' job, but set tone foot onto th' top-bar, ib.
Skctclics (1857) 28. Cor.2 He's sure to make a bawk about it.
3. The failure of an expectation ; a disappointment.
Yks. HoLLOWAY. nw.Der.i Nhp.' It was quite a balk. e.An.^
4. A false rumour.
Slang. [At Winchester School] any one who originated or
spread such a rumour was said to ' sport a baulk,' Shadwell
Uykc. Slang (1859-1864).
6. A jeer.
Cor.2 He made a bawk at me.
[I. Balk, a ridge of land unplowed between two furrows,
a mere. Ash (1795) ; Balk, a little piece of ground in arable
land, which by mischance the plough slips over, and
leaves unplowed ; a ridge between two furrows, Blount
(1670) ; Faulte, a fault ; also a baulk untilled between two
furrows, Cotgr. ; A balke or banke of earth raysed or
standing up betweene twoo furrowes, Baret (1580) ;
Baulke of lande, separaison, Palsgr. ; A balke betvvyx
twa furris, porca, Cath. Angl. (1483). OE. balca, a ridge,
heap, or mound ; cp. Flem. balk, a mound, heap, dam, also
fallow land. Sw. dial, balk, a strip of land between two
furrows (Rietz). II. 1. Balke of an house, poiis/e,
Palsgr. ; Many a piece of bacon have I had out of their
balkes. Gammer Gurton, II. 7 (Nares) ; He can wel in myn
ye seen a stalke. But in his ovvne he can nat seen a balke,
Chaucer C. T. a. 3920; Bind it first wid balke and band.
Cursor M. (c. 1300) 1671. ON. bjalki, a balk, beam, cp.
MHG. balke {hEXEK) ; Du. balck {Hexham) ; OFris. balka
(Richthofen); Fris. balkcn, pi. beams, a house, home
(Halbertsma). 2. I balke ferri cum les scales et ponderi-
bits. Fabric Rolls Y^k. Minster (1399), Surtees Soc. 336.
MDu. irtft, a steel-yard (Verdam); cp. Du. balck-waeghe,
' trutina ' (Kilian), balck-gewichte (Hexham). MLG. balke,
the beam of a balance (ScHiLLER-LtJBBEN). 5. Foules
shal synge in the wyndovves and rauens shal syt upon
the balckes, Coverdale (1535) Zeph. ii. 14. Cp. Du. balk,
the beam whereon hens roost, whence called hancbalk
(Verdam). 6. Uinim iiistrumeiitum ferreum in camiiio
aiilae vocalum balk, York Wills (1432) II. 23. 10. Cp.
MLG. balke, a hay-loft, granary (Schiller-Lubben).
The word is also still used in this sense in various LG.
dial., e.g. in Bremen {Bre»i. IVtbcli.) and in Saxony
(Berghaus). U. Cp. Du. dial, balke, the upper part of a
room, the ceiling (Kluyver).]
BALK, sb.^ Yks. [boak.] A piece of cloth woven
and milled, but not finished. Also used altrib.
w.Yks. These clothiers attended the Leeds White Cloth Market
twice a week, selling their cloth in the 'balk,' or raw state, the
merchants dyeing and finishing the same, Cudworth Bradford
(1876) 519; A piece of cloth ready for raising (J. M.) ; (W.T.) ;
w.Yks.5
BALK, sb.^ Shr. A small brass ornament fixed at
the top of a wand, usually carried by members of a benefit
club.
Shr.2
BALK, V. In var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also written baulk Sc. w.Yks. s.Chs.' Stf.» Lin. Suf.' ;
bauk n.Yks.^ w.Yks. n.Lin.' se.Won* Oxf. ; bawk Dur.'
w.Yks. Dev. ; bock nw.Dev." Cor.^ ; boak e.Yks. ; boke
Wm.' ; bulk Cor.' [bak, b9k, bgsk.]
I. To miss, pass over. Cf. Balk, s6.' I.
1. To let land lie fallow ; to plough so that spaces are
left between the furrows.
Chs. The ground which has been balked is split, Marshall
Review (1818) II. 33. Lin. At Belesby they have a practice which
is to bauck their turnip land . . . that is, to lap a furrow on un-
stirred land, then harrow and cross-plough, lA. III. 151. Nrf. A'yC
Archaeol. (1879) VIII. 167.
2. To accidentally miss a strip of ground in sowing,
ploughing, or cutting a crop.
Sc. (Jam.), w.Yks.^ Shr.' Sich ploughin as this OCnna do for
me, the one 'afe o' the groun's balked. Glo. If a man misses
casting seed on all the ground, his master would apprise him of
the fact, ' Thees baulkin o' it, look'ee ' (S.S.B.).
3. To leave work undone ; to do anything carelessly ; to
miss, overlook.
e.Yks.i w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. Nrf.' Suf.' Applied to one who,
in coursing, passes a sitting hare, without crying ' Soho.' Why
how cum yeow to bawk that there hare ?
4. Of horses : to shy, to refuse to pass an obstacle.
e.Yks. Awd meear balkt at yat stowp, Nicholson Flk-Sp.
(i889\ Som. Hosses as ud never bauk at hedge, or geate, or stile,
' Agrikler' Rhymes (18721 30.
5. To keep silent ; to be reticent about.
s.Chs. Ee did*)nu bau"k nuwt [he didna baulk nowt, he was
not afraid of speaking his mind, lit. he did not ' pass over ' any-
thing as a balk in a field is passed unploughed],
II. To place a beam or barrier.
1. To dam a stream.
War.3 A stream is balked by a temporary dam of timber placed
across it.
2. To place pilchards in layers or rows in the curing
process.
Cor. Thomas Randigal Rhymes (1895") Gl. ; Cor.' To balk, or
bulk, pilchards is to pile them wall-like, in la3'ers of pilchards and
salt.
3. To secure a cow's head during milking-tinie.
Sc. Ah me ! shall I baulk my cow ? Ramsay Tea-Table Misc.
(1724) II. 17, ed. 1871.
4. Phr. balked up, (i) propped up ; (2) hidden, screened
from sight.
(i) n.Yks.^ (2) Dev. Plant thickee bush between tha rockery
an' tha cassia tree, zo that tha workshop winder chell be a
hawked up, Hewett Peas. Sfi. (1892^) ; E'll 'ave peace an' quiet
an' a braave time wi' your thoughts, biding bawked up heer till
you dies, Phillpotts Dartmoor {iSg^) 205.
III. Fig.
1. To hinder, prevent, thwart, impede.
Wxf.' Wm.' Thor's boked ma. n.Yks.^ Bauk thy speech.
e.Yks. Ti boak all sike chaps o' ther vahl thievish fun. He'd
wahsly pavahded hissen wiv a gun, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889)
42. w.Yks. He wor detarmined he wodn't be bawked. Hartley
Clock Aim. (1894) 7 ; Banks IVk/ld. U'ds. (1865'!. Chs.^ Oi could
a leapt the bruck, easy enoo, if he hadna bawked me. s.Stf. I'm
sure I can jump o'er, if yo' do' balk me, Pinnock Blk. Cy. Ann.
(1895). s.Not. Ivry time I started to bowl 'e screeted out or
runned across the wicket, or did summat else to balk me (J.P.K.).
Not.2 That was my object, but I was balked. War.^ Just as I was
' taking ofl" [beginning to spring] he balked me, and I fell into the
brook. se.Wor.' Shr.' I've cut the end of my finger aumust off. —
Dear 'eart ! that's a bad job ; bein' at the end, it'll balk you, wunna-
d-it ? Oxf.' I'd var nigh ketched un. but our Tom run acraas the road
and that bauked I, AIS. add. Brks.' He balked muh jus as I was
a-goin' to shoot by callin' out like that ther. e.An.' n.Dev. Nort,
Dame, shall bock ma luve vor he, Rock Jim an' Nell (1867) St. 84.
nw.Dev.' Doan ee bock ma. Frequently used by boys when playing
marvels [marbles].
2. To disappoint.
Dur.' w.Yks. He's a chap 'at wean't baulk his fancy (JE.3.).
w.Yks.^ Balk'd o' gehring his cloas this week ; t'taalor's ower
threng to lehr him hev 'em. Went tul [such a one's church, or
chapel] wal ah wur i' London, bud ah wur balk'd ; he worrant
thear [did not preach]. ne.Lan.' s.Chs.' To offer the hand, and
then suddenly to withdraw it, is to baulk. Stf.' n.Lin. When
Fox cams an' axes why she'd bauk'd him, Peacock Tales and
Rhymes (1886) 75 ; n.Lin.' A friend had neglected to keep his
appointment [at dinner] and the host told the other guests that
Mr. had bauked him. Nhp.' Don't balk your fancy if you've
a mind on't. Shr.^ Balk'd in his fancy.
[I. 1. To balk, nr(7/ro s/^Wa/o /ra'c/fnV^', Coles (1679). 3.
To balk or pass by one, neglectim praelcrire. To balk a
thing and not to speak to it, or to leave it unanswered,
omittere, sicca pede praeterire, Robertson Phras. (1693) ;
Learnd and judicious lord, if I should balke Thyne
honor'd name, it being in my way. My muse unworthy
were of such a walke, Davies Scourge (1611) ; Balkyn or
ouerskyppyn, oinitto, Prompt. III. 1. To baulk those ills
which present joys bewray, Quarles Emblems (1635), ed.
1718, 182 (N.E.D.). 2. Balk'd of his prey, the yelling
monster flies, Pope Odyssey (Johnson) ; We . . . must not
come so near to baulk their lips, Marlowe Ediv. //(1590)
H. v.^The same word as Balk, sb.]
BALKER
[143]
BALL
BALKER, sb} Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written
banker Som. ; barker Dev. Cor. ; baaker Som. See
below, [bakafr).] A whetstone or rubber for sharpening
scythes. Also in loiiip. Balker-stone.
Dor. i^E.H.G.') Som. Bawkcr, Bawkcr-stonc, a kind of sand-
stone for whetting scythes, Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eh^. (1825);
W. & J. G/. (1873); Baaker, Sweetman IVincanlon Gl. (1885).
Dev. Barker, Moore Hisl. Dev. (1829) I. 353; Ref>orts Proviiic.
(1886)11; (TCP.) n.Dev. A barker, barraquail, a bittle. Rock
Jim an A'f// ( 1867) 20. nw.Dev.' The balker is carried in a balker-
pooch [pouch] at the back of the leathern buckle-strap usually
worn around the waist. This stone would not under any circum-
stances be termed a whetstone, for the latter is locally applied
to fine-grained stones only. w.Dev. Marshall Riir. Econ. (1796).
s.Dev. Fox Kingsbridge (1874). Cor.'^^
BALKER, sb.^ Cor. [bok3(r).l A man who from
the shore directs the movements of the boats engaged in
the pilchard fishery ; a ' huer,' or ' conder,' q.v.
w.Cor. (A.L.M.) Cor.a MS. add.
[Balk, vb. -f -er. The vb. occurs in an Act of Parliament
(1603) : To balke, hue, conde, direct, and guide the
fishermen ... for the takinge of the saide fishe (N.E.D.).
Cp. Du. balken, to bawl, shout (Kluyver). MDu. batcken,
to howl (OUDEMANS).]
BALKER, s6.3 Lin. e.An. fb9k3(r).]
1. A large beam. Cf. Balk, sA.' IL
n.Lin.', e.An.>, Nrf.l
2. The front of a butcher's shop.
Lin. Nall Gl.e.Aii. (1866). [Not known to our correspondents.]
[Balk, sb. -f -er.]
BALKIE, sb. Sc. Written baukie. [baki.]
1. A narrow strip of land separating two farms.
Sc. A'. & Q. (1868) 4th S. i. 270.
2. A head-stake for fastening a cow at milking-time
(Jam.). See Balk, sb.^
Bch.
[Balk, %b. + -ie (-y).]
BALKING, vbl. sb. Wor. Oxf. Hrt. Suf. Ess. Ken. Cor.
Also written baulking Wor. Hrt. [b9kin.]
1. A mode of ploughing land in ridges, usually to lie
fallow.
Suf. In this mode the land is not all stirred; a portion [or balk]
is passed over. Also called Balk-ploughing, Rainbird (1819" 287,
ed. 1849. Cor.2 Ploughing the land so as to turn over the turf to
rot. Elsewhere called ribbing and combing, MS. add.
Hence Balking-plough, sb.
Oxf.' A plough used to make the furrows in which potatoes are
planted or seed sown, MS. add.
2. To miss a strip of ground in sowing or ploughing.
Wor. Baulking or strike-balking, putting in seed too thin, Ann.
Agric. (1784-1815). Hrts. Ellis Mod. Husb. (1750I VI. ii. Suf.,
Ess., Ken. Balking or balk-ploughing, careless ploughing ; see
also Raftering, Morton Cyclo. Agn'c. (1863).
3. Laying down beams of timber.
[Among barge-builders, baulking with timber is the operation
of laying down on theforeshore timber upon which the men engaged
in barge-building stand and work instead of standing in the water
and mud. Gl. Lab. (1894).]
[See Balk, v.]
BALK-PLOUGHING, see Balking.
BALKY, adj. Wil. Amer. Written borky Wil.'
[b9ki.l
1. Of a horse: 'jibbing,' unsteady.
[U.S.A. That condition known to Americans as 'balky 'and to
Englishmen as 'jibbing,' Globe (July 23, 1889) i.]
2. Of persons: slightly intoxicated.
Wil.l
[See Balk, v. I. 4.]
BALL, sb.'- Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also
written baa, bal S. & Ork.' ; bau \Vm.' ; baw So. Lan. ;
bo Cum.' Lan. [ba, b9, b93, b9l, b93l.] Oi things
shaped like a ball.
1. A dumpling.
Lan. If a' waur dead beside we'd ha' curran' haws i" the pot,
RoBY Trad. (1872) 1. 443 ; As heavy as amustertbo, Tim Bobbin
Vital. Dial. (1740) 34. Chs. A barm baw is a yeast dumpling [s.v.
Barm baw].
2. The calf of the leg.
Sli.I. [The dog] sank his yacklcs fair inta ta baa o' his leg.
Burgess Ii asmie {iStjZi 14. S. & Ork.' Kcb. Ane scours the
plain well kilted to the baw, Davidson Seasons (1789) 96. Cum.'
T"bo' o' t'leg.
3. The palm of the hand ; the sole of the foot.
S. & Ork.', Wm.i n.Yks.' About t'bigness o' t'ball o' my hand.
ne.Yks.' It catched ma i' t'ball o' my ban'. e.Yks.' MS. add. (T. H.l
w.Yks. Hlf.x. Wds. ; Leeds Mere. Sii/>/>l. (July 25. 1891 1 ; w.Yks.'
A bee tang'd me reight i' th' baw o' my hand ; w.Yks.* ne.Lan.'
The round part of the bottom of a horse's foot. Whar is it ? —
Its i' t'ball o' t'foot. s.Not (J.P.K.), Nhp.'
4. The footprint of a fox.
[Mayer Sptsmn's Direet. (1845) 131.]
5. A nodule, small lump or mass.
Ntib.' Brown thill mixed with post balls. Borings (1881') 146.
The charge from a puddling furnace; the fused materials from an
alkali maker's balling furnace. Nhb., Dur. Blue metal with iron-
stone balls, ib. II. 7.
6. Comp. Ball-stone, (i) ironstone lying in balls, found
near the surface ; (2) a kind of limestone found near
Wenlock.
Shr.i 5
7. Fuel of anthracite coal-dust and clay made into small
oval lumps.
s.Pem. (W.M.M.') ; Laws Little Eng. (1888) 419.
8. A knoll, a rounded hill.
w.Sora.' I know many fields in different parishes called 'the ball,*
as ' Cloutsham ball ' ; all are hilly and rounded.
9. A large and compact shoal of herrings.
N.I.' Sea-birds pouncing on a ball of fry are said to be balling.
10. CoiHp. (i) Ball-bias ; (2) -cracker, a kind of fire-
work ; (3) -head, a fish-name ; see Bull-head ; (4) -stone,
ironstone lying in balls, found above the top coal ; also a
kind of limestone, see below.
(I) Ken. Ball-bias, a running game, much like ' rounders,'
played with a ball (W.F.S.). (2) Lon. What larks there is with
the ball-crackers ! Mayhew iotirf. iofioHf 1 1851) I. 430. (3) Nrf.
A few ball-heads varied the catches, E. Even. News (Aug. 3,
1889) 3, col. I. (4) Stf.' Shr. Ball-stones, a name given by
quarrymen to the concretionary masses in the Wenlock limestone
lE.H.G.) ; Marshall Revieiu (i8i8j II. 199 ; Slir.'^
11. Phr. the ball on the hat, a scapegoat, ' cat's-paw.'
Sur.' ' He'd a mind to make me the ball on the hat between him
and the police,' said a witness before the Godstone Bench.
[3. The ball of the hand, palina, vola. The ball of the
foot, plaiita pedis, Robertson Phras. (1693) ; A ballc of
|)e hand or of fote, callus, Cath. Aiiffl. 8. Cp. ON. boUr,
a ball ; also a rounded hill, in the local name Baltar-a, a
farm in the w. of Iceland (Vigfusson).]
BALL, sb.''- Irel. Oxf. In comp. Ball-party, a dancing-
party; phr. ball 0/ danciiiff.
Tip. He ordered a ball party in memory of it, Fit-Lore Jm.
(1883) VI. 55. Oxf.' U haul u daa-nsin Obsol.
BALL, sb.' Obsol. Cum. Yks. Ess. A name given to
a white-faced horse. See Bald.
w.Yks. Hl/.-c. IVds. Ess. Obs. Be wise who first doth teach thj'
childe that Art [i.e. Musick], Least homelie breaker mar fine
ambling ball, TussER Husbandrie (1580) 185, St. 2.
Hence Bailie, adj. of a horse, pie- or skew-bald.
Cum. iJ.Ar. ' ; iM.P."; Cum.' s.v. Boly.
[Prob. of Celtic origin ; cp. Jr. and Gael, ball, spot, mark
(Macbain) ; Breton bal, a white mark on an animal's face
(Du RUSQUEC).]
BALL, f.' 'Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. _ Also
written baal Cor.' ; bal S. & Ork.' Cor.* [ba, b9, b^l,
b93l.l
1. To track the footprints of a fox. See Ball, sb} 4.
w.Som.' Aay bau'ld u fauks dai-maur'ncen aup-m Naa'pee-
Kloaz [I saw the track of a fo-t this morning up in Knappy Close].
Dev. A fox had been . . . balled into a brake, Davies Memoir
/?HS4<-// (1878) 134. nw.Dev.'
2. To throw at, to pelt Hence Balling, vbl. sb. pelting.
s. & Ork.'
3. To beat or thrash.
Dev., Cor. A^. £r Q. (1854) 'st S. x. 179, 376. Cor. Howld your
hooghly [cross] tongue Or ilse he'l bal ee black (M.A.C.) ; QuiL-
LER-Coucii Hist. Polpeno (1871) ; Cor.' ; Cor.' Bal' in well.
BALL
[144]
BALLOT
Hence Balled, ppl. adj. beaten ; Balling, vbl. sb. a
beating, thrashing.
(i) Cor. I'll never more be so baled and abused. J. Trenoodle
Spec. Dial. (1846) 44; Cor.i (2) Cor.l; Cor.^ Gibb'n a good
balin.
4. Of snow: to gather in hard lumps, to adhere to the
feet. In gen. use.
Nhb. He had walked a long way in the snow. , . . His iron-shod
clogs ' balled ' a good deal, and each step added many ounces
to his feet. He had to stop constantly to kick oft' the weight
which clung to them, s.Tyncdale Sttid. (1896) R. Armstrong's
Wriiith. Dur.', Chs.^, Not.' n.Lin.' It was pag-rag daay five-
an fo'ty year sin', an' I roade my black mare to Brigg, an' th' snaw
ball'd soa I thoht noht else but that she wo'd be doon ivery
minit. Lei.i, Nlip.i, War. (J.R.W.), War.^, Hnt. (T.P.F.)
5. Phr. to ball off, to finish quickly, to cease.
Nhb. The steam ' balled ofl"' sooner than the engine-man
anticipated, Richardson ZJorrffrer's Table-bk. (1846) V. 172. Nhp.i
Ball it off', to do anything expeditiously. A phrase current amongst
mechanics.
BALL, 11.* n.Irel. Of sea-birds : to pounce on a 'ball'
or shoal of herrings. See Ball, sb} 9.
N.I.i Sea-birds pouncing on a ball of fry are said to be balling
[s.v. Balling].
BALL, see Bawl.
BALLA, see Ballow, v.
BALLANT, s6. Sc. Nhb. [ba'lant] A ballad, a song.
So. I daur say Mr. Skreigh can sing us the ballant, Scott Guy
M. (1814) ix ; Like Jock-thc-Giant-killer in the ballant. wi' his
coat o' darkness, and his shoon o' swiftness, ib. xxiv ; When I am
tired of scraping thairm or singing ballants, ib. Redg. (1824I xi ;
Peddling ballants, Stevenson IVeir (^i&g6) iii. Edb. Their ballants
and their stories will never be sae I'unny again, MoiR Mansie
IVaiich (1828) 149. N.Cy.' Nhb. Aw lik'd a ballant, or a buik,
"Wilson PiUaan's Pay (1843^ 57 ; Liltin' o'er the auld Scots
ballants, Armstrong IVanny Blossoms 1876') 17 ; Nhb.'
[A corr. of ballad, with change of suff. -ad to the more
common ending -anl.]
BALLARAG, see Ballyrag.
BALLARD, sb. Som. Dev. [ba-lad.] A castrated
ram. See Stag.
w.Som.' w.Dev. Marshall Run Econ. (1796).
BALLATRONGH, see Balljtraunt.
BALLERAG, see Ballyrag.
BALLET, sb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Nhp. War.
Shr. Hrf. Brks. Ess. Ken. Sus. Wil. Som. Dev. Also
written ballat, ballit. [ba'lat, bae'lat]
1. A song, a ballad ; sometimes applied to the sheet
upon which several songs are printed.
Cum. Thus Hercules, that ballats say Made parlish monsters
stoop, Gilpin Sj/.jj's. (1866) B ; Relph calls oneof his pieces 'A Bran
New Ballet' (M. P.). ra.Yks.l Lan. Teighch me that ballit, Clegg
Daisy (1890) 90. ne.Lan.', e.Lan.' s.Chs.' Ah'jv got-n u rae-r
baal'it ubaayt dhaaf wiim-un uz wiiz engd ut Ches'tur fur peyznin
ur chahylt [Ah've gotten a rare ballet abait that woman as was
henged at Chester for peisonin' her chilt]. Der.', Nhp.* War.^
Run out and listen — there is a ballet singer in the road. Shr.'
* 'E toud 'er not to mak a ballet on it,' said of news not to be spread.
A ' 'ole i' the ballet ' is some part of a song or story forgotten. Hrf.
An' if thee dust want old English ballets thee casn't do better
thun go an' inquire amung the cottagers {Coll. L.L.B.). Brks.'
A long string of songs on a single sheet sold by itinerant vendors.
Ess. He'd some ballets bote, Clark J. Noakes (1839) 25 ; Ess.',
Ken.', Sus.' Wil. Britten Z>ra«/(i'S (1825). Som. jENNiNGs/5/a/.
w.Eiig. (1869). w.Som.' Such as are sung at fairs. Dev. Julian
remained without, listening to the ballet, Baring-Gould Uril/i
(1891) II. xxix ; Kassent thee gie us a ballet or tu avoie j'ii go'th ?
Hewett Peas. 5/>. (1892).
2. A pamphlet, so called because ballads are usually
published in pamphlet form.
Ken. De books and ballets flew about, like thatch from off dc
barn, Masters Did and Sal fc. 1821) st. 77 ; (P.M.) ; Ken.'
[Balade, a ballet, Cotgr. ; The Ballet of Ballets of
Solomon (Song of Solomon), Bishops' Bible (1568) ;
I occasioned much mirth by a ballet I brought with me
made from the seamen at sea to their ladies in town,
Pepvs Diary (Jan. 2, 1665). A corr. o( ballad; for change
of suff. cp. saladc, a'sa/Zc/ of herbs, Cotgr.]
BALL-FURNACE, sb. Nhb. The furnace used for
fusing a mixture of limestone, coal, and sulphate of soda,
in alkali works.
Nhb.'
BALLING-HEAD, sb. w.Yks. [b93Hn-iad.] A
machine used in wool-combing to wind wool into balls.
w.Yks. After the wool has been through the gill, strong, or
finishing boxes, it runs on to a balling-head i^S.A.B.).
BALLION, sA.' Sc. (Jam.)
1. A knapsack.
2. A box that can be carried on the back ; esp. a tinker's
box in which his utensils are carried.
[Fr. ballon, a fardle or small pack, Cotgr.]
BALLION, sb.^ n.Irel. An awkward, clumsy person.
Ant (W.H.P.)
BALLIRAG, see Ballyrag.
BALLITRAUNT, sb. Obs. n.Dev. Also in form
ballatrongh. A foolish person, a buffoon ; used as
a term of contempt.
n.Dev. Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.)i Monthly Mag. (1808)
II. 422.
[Balatron, a babling, prating, or vain talking fellow,
BuLLOKAR (1680) ; Balatron, a rascally base knave,
CocKERAM (1637). Lat. balatro, a babler, prater; also
rogue and rascal, Coles (1679). For the -/ of ballitraimt
cp. peasant, tyrant.]
BALL-MONEY, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Chs. 'Written
ba'-money Sc. Money demanded and forcibly exacted
at the church gates from the bridegroom and other men
of a wedding party ; originally applied to buying a foot-
iall for the parish.
Sc. Whenever a marriage is about to be celebrated a crowd of
young people very quickly gathers and the cry for Ba'-money is
raised almost with enthusiasm (Jam. Suppl.). N.Cy.' Money
demanded of a marriage company and given to prevent their being
maltreated. In the North it is customary for a party to attend at
the church gates, after a wedding, to enforce this claim. The gift
was originally designed to buy a football. Nhb.' Cum.' Money
given by wedding parties [in ;^Cum ] at the church gates to
children to buy balls. In some parishes the scholars buy coals
with this money for the school fires. The men give each, if booted
and spurred, sixpence ; the women nothing. In the w. the money
is given without rule, and is spent on sweets, &c. Chs.' ; Chs.^
To obtain it, especially if the bridegroom is known as a stingy man,
a rope is sometimes drawn across the road. Formerly the money
was supposed to go towards the football fund of the parish.
BALLOCH, s6.' Sc. (Jam) Also written belloch. A
narrow pass.
Slg. The access to the muir is by narrow passes called ballochs,
Gargitnnock Stat. Ace. XVIII. 94 ; The road I came leads from
Glen Pheagen, by a belloch, or deep opening through the moun-
tains, Blackiv. Mag. (1819") 663.
[Gael, and Ir. bealach, a pass (Macbain).]
BALLOCH, adj. and sb."^ Bntf.
1. adj. Slow, reluctant.
Bnff. In common use. Lassie, I met yir lad i the market. Ye'll
be maid up i the tail o' Yeel [Yule] in ye get yon bit balloch boddie
(W.G.) ; Bnff.'
2. sb. and adj. A plump, short person ; strong, plump.
Bnff. Often applied to children. Sic a bonnie balloch o' a bairn ;
grace an growan till't ! (W.G.) ; Bnff.'
BALLOCK, adj. Yks. Not. Written balack Yks. In
conip. Balack-handed, left-handed ; also _/?§-. clumsy.
w.Yks, Yks. N. &' Q. (1888) II. 14.
Hence Ballocky, adj. left-handed.
s.Not. He bowls bollocky an' bats right-'anded. Also in form
bollocky-'anded (J.P.K.).
BALLOCK, see Bellock.
BALLOON, sb. Obs. Sc. A large leather ball used
in the game called balloon, in which the ball was thrown
or kicked from one player to another.
Sc. Perhaps 3'ou would like a game at balloon ; we have an
indifferent good court, and a set of as gentleman-like blades as ever
banged leather against brick and mortar, Scott Nigel (1822) xxiii.
BALLOT, sb. Som. [ba'lat.] A bundle, a package.
Som. A person who has a great deal of news to tell is said to
have a * regular ballot of news ' (H.G.). w.Som.'
[Vr.. ballot (batot), a little pack, or fardle, Cotgr.]
BALLOW
[145]
BALOO
BALLOW, sb. Obs. n.Cy. Not. Ken. A cudgel,
stick, pole.
n Cy. Grose (1790). Not. There was paid to dyuers for kycidcs
and ballowewood, A'o//i«£'Aa»i/?fc. (i6ail ed. Stevenson, IV. 375.
Ken.i
[A ballow, a pole, a long stick, a quarter-staff, Baii.ey
(1721) ; Ise try whether your costard or my ballow be the
harder, Siiaks. K. Lear, iv. vi. 247 ; John Bult Sheriff's Ser-
geant at Mace sues Thomas llewett cobbler for assaulting
him witli a staff beaked with iron called ' a ballowe staff,'
Not. R,r. (1504), IV (Glossary).]
BALLOW, I'. Yks. Lan. Chs. [bala.] Also written
balla Lan.'
1. To lay claim to an object, partner in a game, &c., by
right of first choice. Cf. slang p/ir. ' Bags I.'
w.Yks. If two bo3's shail at tlie same moment sec nuts, or other
fruit, on a tree, and if one of them shall, before the other, pro-
nounce the words ' ballow mc those," he is entitled to them, ////.\:
H'ds Lan. Balla me that iC.W.S.) ; Lan.' Balla me th' apples.
Chs.' ; Chs.'' Used by boys at play, when they select a goal or
companion. I ballow, or I ballow me, that place or person ;
Chs.3
2. Phr. btiUn my hand, signal for truce or a temporary
stoppage of the game for rest, &c., by boys at play. Cf.
barley.
Lan. ' Balla my hand ' is said so that the game may be stopped
a little while for the transaction of other business, Rowley Notes
on Statig in OiiUs and Ends 1 1870).
BALLRIB, see Baldrib.
BALL-SQUAB, see Bald.
BALLUP, s6. Sc. Nhb. [ba'lap.] The old-fashioned
flap that fastens over the waistband of the trousers.
Sc. iJasi. , N.Cy.', Nhb.'
[Then he put on the old man's breeks. Was patch'd
from ballup to side, Rob. Hood (c. 1600) ed. Kitson,
x.Niii. 58. Prob. the same word as baglap, in Coiiiplaynt
ofSc. (1549) 66.]
BALLY, see Bale.
BALLYCOG, sb. Sc. A milk-pail.
BnfT. (Jam.) ; A ballycog is also called a bally. A cog Is not so
tall as a pail, and has a handle for carrying it, and not a 'bow' as
a pail has (W.G.).
BALLY-MUCK, sb. Cor. An ill-constructed thing.
w.Cor. (M.A.C. ) Cor.= A ballymuck of a dock.
BALLYRAG, sb. Cor. Slang. LbEe'liraeg.]
1. Violent or coarse abuse.
Cor. Old Ann was full of her ballarag (M.A.C.) ; Cor."
2. A free fight in jest.
Slang. The conclusion of a big *wine' [at Oxford] is often
a wholesale ballyr.-ig or melee, always carried on in good temper.
Farmer.
BALLYRAG, v. Irel. Cum. Yks. Der. Also Hrf. Sus.
Hmp. I.W. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written
balarag Grosi^ ; ballarag Wil.' Cor.'; ballerag w.Yks.;
ballirag Sus. I.W.' Som. ; balrag Irel. n.Yks.' '^ ; bally-
wrag Hrf.^Som. Cor.' ; bellrag Hrf.' See also Bullyrag,
[baiirag, bEeliraeg.]
1. To abuse violently, to scold or revile in foul language.
Ir. {G.M.H.); I'll not be ballyragRcd, Carleton Fa)durouglia
(1848) xviii. Wxf. Jos was after balragging the priest, Kennedy
Evcii^ Diiffiry {iQ6g)Si. n.Yks.'» w.Yks. Wj lean L/i/ ffVfe
(1811). n.Der. I wunna stay for to hear ye ballaragging one .is
has iver been kind, 'Verney Stone Kdge ^I868) xii. Shr., Hrf.
Bound Piov. (1876;. Hrf.' 2 Sus. Holloway. s.Hmp. She and
I had had words once . . . she ballaragged me sorely, Verney
L. Lisle {IB^o) xi. Hmp.' I.W.'; I.W.= Dcdn't the wold dooman [sic]
gimme a ballyraggen ! Wil. Slow Gl. (,1892). n.Wil. (K, H.G.I
Wil.' Dor. She hunted about everywhere, ballyragging Jack by
side and by seam, Hardy Tess 11891) 172, ed. 1895; Many's the
time as I've zaid a good word vor Lotty when other v'oks 'ud
ballywrag she. Hare J '///. S/<vr/ ( 1 895') 269 ; Barnes Gt. {1863).
Som. Yo bcant a-gwaine to ballyrag my awl 'oonian, Jennings Dia/.
w.Eiig.{i86g) ; He do. .. ballyrag, an' holler hiszelf into zitch a tare,
Raymond Gent. Upcott , 1893 1 87 ; Sweetman Wiiuantou Gl. (1885) ;
W. & J. Gl. ( 1873X w.Soni.' Uur baafirag-n lig u pik'pau-gut
[she abused him like a pickpocket] is a very common expression.
Dcv. Whotivcr diice kep on zo vor ] Yd bant niver 'appy lest yil
VOL. I.
can ballyrag zombody, Heweit Peas. Sp. 1892. n.Dev. Grose
(17901 M.S. add. I H. i Dev.' w.Cor.And 'bused and ballyragged
me, Tiio.MAS /\'(iH(//>n/ Wnmrs (1895) 7. Cor.' CoIIoq. A low
but ludicrous term in use only with the vulgar, TooNE.
Hence Ballyragging, vbl. sb. scolding, abuse.
s.Lns. With the drink and the balragging the old woman gave
me, my head is splitting ever since. Leg. of Ml. Lns. (1885 pt. iv.
91. Brks.' Nrf. Let's ha" none o' yar ballyragging here, young
man (W. U.K. \ Cor.' She gov' me a sound ballaragging. CoIIoq.
I can't have my adjutant aiding and abetting the other subalterns
in every silly bit of bear-fighting and ballyragging. Peacock
Soldier and Maid \ 1890) ii.
2. To play a practical joke, to mob or hustle a person.
Slang. [At Oxford ) to ballyrag a man's rooms is to turn them
upside down, to make ' h.iy ' of them, BARRf;RE & Leland.
BALM, sb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Lin. Lei. Shr.
Pem. Brks. Hrt. Ess. I.W. Wil. Som. .Also written
baam I.W.' ; bame Brks.' w.Som.' ; baulnie Ess. ;
baum Cum. n.Lau.' m.Lan.' n.Lin.' Hrt. ; bawm(en.Yks.*
w.Yks.' Chs.'^ Shr.'; borne Der.' Pcm. [bam, b^ni,
b^am ; w.Som. beani.]
1. The plant Me/is.'sa offtciitalis.
n.Yks.2, w.Yks.', n.Lai.', Chs.' 3, Der,', Lei.', Shr.', s.Pem.
(.W.M.M.), Brks.' Hrt. Kllis Mod. Husb. (1750 IV. ii. Ess.
Strowing hcrbes of all sortes . . . Baulme, set in March, Tcsser
llu^bandrie ( l58o( 95. I.W.', w.Som.'
2. Comp. Balm-tea, an infusion of balm, used medi-
cinally for feverish colds, ic.
Cum. An old woman from the border, in days when foreign
things and tea were dear, said she h,id made her husband mint-tea.
and baum-tca, and Rob run-by-the-dyke-tca. but he wad hac
nought but the real thing! (,M.P.) w.Yks. Thcr's nubdy nivver
ails owt et a drop o' bawm teah will'nt cure. Hartley Clock Aim.
(1889) 45. m Lan.' Yo' t.-iwk abeawt yo'r fancy patent med'suns
at thirteen pence ho'p'ny, but o' th' lot on 'em put together isn'd
wo'th a pint o' baum tay. Chs.' n.Lin.' Used both for drinking
and for fomentations. Shr.' 1 doubt that family's mighty bad olT,
the poor uoman said 'er'd 'ad nutliin but a drop o' bawme tay all
the wik. w.Som.' Baeum tai' is thought to be a fuyn dhing vur
dh-ec'nfurmae'urshn [fine thing for inllamniation].
3. Phr. Bahit of Cilead, wild balm, Mclitlis iiielissophylluiii.
Wil.'
[Melisse, the herb called balm or bawm, Cotcr. ;
Bawme is called ... in Latine Melissa, ... in French
Melisse, ... in English, Balnie or Bawme, Gerarde Herb.
(ed. 1633) 692; Bawme, herbe . . . iiielissa, Prompt.]
BALM, i'. Yks. Stf. Lei. Nhp. Ess. Also written baum
Yks. Stf. Nhp. ; bawm I.ei.' Nhp.' [b^ni, boani.]
1. To besmear with any sticky substance ; to daub. Cf.
gaum, parge.
Stf. He was all bawmcd over (W.II.V s.Stf. He'd bin coortin,
Icanin again a fence as they'd b.aumed wi' gas tar, Pinnock Blk.
Cy. Ann. 1,1895^ Stf.^ "^'ou'n wesh childar nois ov o mornin. an
afou.ir dinar dhei'n bi bormd 0 ouor sluj on muk. Lei.' You can't
use that leather, it's bawmcd all over with oil. Nhp. It is gener-
ally used with respect to little children who baum their fingers
with honey, jam, or other sticky substance. A'. & (J. (1890') 7th S.
X. 236; Nhp.' He bawmcd and slawmcd it all over mortar and
wash. Ess.l'hat dish is all balmed up vM.W. ).
2. To fill up small holes with mortar, &c. ; aXso Jig.
w.Yks. Bring that lime here, and lets baum these hoils up.
I'll baum his een j eyes] up if he mells of me i M. N.).
[He . . . leydc or bawmcde the clcy on his yjcn,
Wyclie John i.\. 6. The same word as Balm, sb.]
BALM, see Barm.
BALMY, sec Barmy.
BALN-STONE, sb. Nhb. Dur. Also written barn-
Nhb.' The roof of a coal-pit at the entrance of the
workings; roof-stone in a pit.
Nhb. W'or no.se within the barn-stycn set, Wilson Pilinan'sPay
(18431 26; Nlib.' Nhb. & Dur. Grfe'nwell Coal Tr. Gl. (1849.
BALOO, sb. Nhp. Dcv. Also written belew Nhp."
An uproar, disturbance.
Nhp.2 De.-. Anether time, durin prare at Muston Church, Ihay
yerd a balloo owtzide, Giles in n.Dev. fnt. (.Oct. 1. 1885^ 2, col. 6 ;
Hur got inta sturricks like hunimen vokes du. My ivers ! an zot
up a mortal balu, Nathan Hogg Poet. Lett. 11847' 14, cd. 1866;
I wis tole lliit a mortal baloo v^'is aun, ib. 31, cd. 1865.
U
BALOW
[146]
BAMBOOZLE
BALOW, int. and sb. Sc. n.Cy. Also written balou,
baloo. [balu".]
1. /;//. A word used in lulling children to sleep ; hush !
Sc. Balow, my babe, ly stil and sleipe, Lady BothweU's Lament
(1724). Ayr. Hec balou, my sweet wee Donald, Burns Hce
Baton, St. I. Lth. Baloo, my bairnie, fa' asleep. Smith Merry
Briital {1866) 50. N.Cy.l
2. si). A lullaby.
Sc. In liis possession there are two balowes . . . the first The
balow, Allan, the second Palmer's Balow, Ritson Essay Sn^.
(Jam.) Abd. Sing baa-loo to the bairn. Hence. * come to yer
baa-loo ' means ' come to bed' (W. M.). Per. A bairn hushed by
mamie's balow. She's singing a Psalm o' David's for a balow (G.W. ).
Gall. Baloo may be sung to any tune, or to one improvised by the
mother or nurse. Psalm-tunes are used and sung slowly and with
many grace notes and slurs (A.W.).
[Well is that soul which God in mercie exerciseth
daylie . . . not suflering it to be rocked and lulled with
Sathan's balowes in the cradle of securitie, Boyd Last
Battctt liSzg) 308 (Jam.) ; Followis ane sang of the birth
of Christ with the tune of Baw lu la law, Godly Ballates
in Ritson's Essay Sng. Ivi (Jam.).]
BALRAG, see Ballyrag.
BAL-RIB, see Bald-rib.
BALSCAT, sb. Cor. [bselskaet.] A shrew, a cross-
patch.
Cor.' She's a regular ould balscat ; Cor.^s
BALSER, sb. Brks. The largest-sized stone marble,
specially used by boys for Long-taw.
Brks. A balser is about one inch in diameter. It is used in such
games of marbles as ' Long-taw,' ' Big ring,' and ' Castles ' (B.L.) ;
Brks.i
BALSHAG, sb. Cor. [baeljaeg.] A coarse flannel
with a long nap, used in mines.
Cor. And around many of their ankles they wore a bandage of
very coarse flannel, which the captain told me was called balshag,
Tregei-las Farmer Broivn (1857) 34 ; Cor.' ^
BALTER, sb. Stf. A tangle ; a lump.
Stf.2 Iz yed wdz o' sv d bortar a korlz [all of a baiter of curls].
BALTER. v} Wm. Yks. Also written bauter n.Yks.* ;
bawther e.Yks.^ [bout3(r), bou})3(r).]
1. To tread heavily and clumsily, to walk unsteadily, to
stumble.
n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.^ To tread in a clownish manner, as an ox does
the grass. e.Yks.' w.Yks. Leeds Mere. Si:/>pt. (July 25, i8gr).
Hence Baltering, vbl. sb. the footprint of an animal in
the clay.
n.Yks.2
2. To do anything in a bungling way.
Wm.>, e.Yks"!
Hence Baltering, />/>/. errlj. unsteady, clumsy.
n.Cy. Border Gt. e.Yks.' Noo mind hoo thoo gans alang,
thoo greeat bawtherin thing I
[1. He (the bear) baltyrde, he bleryde, he braundyschte
Jier after, Mortc Arth. (c. 1440) 782 (Matzner). Cp. Dan.
baltre, boltre, to wallow, welter, tumble.]
BALTER, v.'^ Chs. War. Shr. Bdf. Also written
bauter s.Chs.' Shr.' ; bawter Chs.' Also bolter, q.v.
To cohere, to form into lumps or balls.
War.' ; War.^ Baiter, to cohere, as snow on horses' hoofs.
Hence (i) Baltered, //>/. adj. tangled, clogged, matted
together ; (2) Baltery, adj. lumpy, clogged.
(I) Chs.' Bawtert wi' slutch [clogged with mud]. s.Chs.'
Ahyiv just bin mil'kin. un ahy";m bau'turd wi ky'aaymuk [I've
just bin milkin', an' I'm bautercd wi' caT-muck]. Shr.' Said of hair.
(2) Bdf. Our flour is sobaltry, that we put it on the floor and
trample it (J.W.B.).
[To baulter ones hair, coniplicare crines, Robertson
PAms. (1693).]
BALTIORUM, sb. Yks. Riotous proceedings; the
boisterous merry-making which often accompanies
a bonfire.
n.Yks.' They played the very baltiorum.
BAM, si.' Sc. Cum. Yks. Lan. Lin. Nhp. War. Cor.
[bam, ba;m.]
1. A joke, trick, counterfeit, hoax.
Sc. The laird, whose humble efTorts at jocularity were chicHy
confined to what were then called bites and bams, since denomi-
nated hoaxes and quizzes, had the fairest possible subject of wit,
Scott Guy M. (1815) iii. Cum. Nea doubt he thought scrapin'
was nought bit a bam, Dickinson Ciimbr. (1876) 221; (M.P.);
Cum.' n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.2 It's all a bam. ne.Yks.' It's nowt
bud a bam. e.Yks. Marshall Riir. Eeoti. (1788). m.Yks.'
Slang. Grose (1790) MS. add. (M.) ; Life B. M. Carew (1791) Gl.
2. A false or deceitful tale.
w.Yks.' Lan. Davies Races (1856) 226. ne Lan.', nLin.^
w.Cor.' Don't make a fool of me, you are tellin.g me a lot of bams.
He tried to pass off a bam upon me (M.A.C.1; Her whole story is
made out of an old bam told in other parishes, Bottrell Trad.
(i88o) 3rd S. 64 ; The following story, which she called ' a mere
bam of a Droll,' ib, 68.
3. Fudge, nonsense.
Nhp.', War.3
[Bam (a local word), a cheat, a sham, a knavish trick,
Sc, Ash (1795) ; Bam, a sham or pretence, a lying excuse,
Dyche (1748). The first trace of the word appears in
Cibber's Double Gallant (1707). It is discussed by Swift
in his introduction to Polite Conversation (1738), where he
mentions among the exquisite refinements then in vogue
— bam for bamboozle, and bamboozle for God knows what,
Farmer.]
BAM, 56.= Wil. Som. [baem.] A rough gaiter of
pieces of cloth wound about the legs, much used by
shepherds and others exposed to cold weather.
n.Wil. (E.H.G.) Wil.' The old man . . . had bams on his legs
and a sack fastened over his shoulders like a shawl. Parry Story of
Dill; (1892) xii. Som. And a wore zort o' bams tied wi' list, in-
stead ofreglar gaiters, 'Agrikler' Rliyiites (1872) 18.
BAM, V.' Sc. Yks. Lin. [bam.] To play a trick or
joke on a person ; to impose upon, delude.
Slk. An air o' insincerity, almost o' banter, plays ower your
features, as if 3'ou were bammin the public; — but the public's no
sae easy bammed, Chr. North Nodes (ed. 1856) III. 126.
n.Yks.'; n.Yks.^ They bamm'd him. Always bammi<:ig. ne.Yks.'
In rare use. He bamm'd ma. e.Yks. Marshall Rur. Econ.
(1788). n.Lin.' CoUoq. Now 3'ou're bamming me — don't attempt
to put such stories off on your old granny, Marryat Kings Own
(1830) xlix. Slang. Grose (1790) MS. add. {M.)
[The same as Bam, sA.'J
BAM, i'.2 Yks. Lan. [bam.]
1. To beat, to strike.
Tie. Lan.'
2. To browbeat, to bully.
e.Yks. Ah couldn't get a wod in necah hoo, that lawyer chap
bammed ma seeah, Nicholson Ftk-Sp. (1889) 23; e.Yks.' j¥S.
add. l,T.H.)
BAMBAZED, adj. Sc. Puzzled, confused.
Sc. I'm clean bambazed, Dickson yiitW Precenior (i6g^) 97. Fif.
He stood gazing aboot him bambazed, no' kennin' whaur to play
next, M'Laren /"(ii/c i i 894") 87.
BAMBLE, V. e.An. [bsmbl.]
1. To shamble, to walk unsteadily.
e.An.', Nrf.', Suf. (F.H.)
2. To tread one's boots awry.
e.An.' How yew dew bamble your shoes. Suf. (F.H.')
Hence Bambler, sb. (1) A person who shambles, or
walks unsteadily ; (2) a person who treads his boots
awry.
Suf. (F.H.)
BAMBOOZE, I'. Yks. [bambu-z.] To abuse; to domi-
neer over, push about. See Bamboozle.
e.Yks. Still used, but very occasionally indeed (R.S ). w.Yks.
In common use round Bradford (S.K.C.) ; w.Yks.^ Au'm nooan
baan to be bambooz'd wi' thee.
BAMBOOZLE, v. Sc. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Den Lin.
Nhp. War. Brks. Bdf Nrf [bam-, bEembSzl.]
1. To deceive, cheat, impose upon.
Per. (G.W.) Ayr. May never wicked men bamboozle him !
Burns Verses at Selt-iik (1787). Wm. (B.K.), n.Yks. (G.W.W.'i,
ne.Yks.' w.Yks. Leeds Mere. Sapid. (Mar. 15, 1884): w.Yks.'
ne.Lan.' Chs.' He's reg'lar bamboozled me. nw.Der.', n.Lin.',
Nhp.', War. (J.R.W.\ War.^, Brks.' Bdf. Batchelor Anal.
Eiit;. Lang. (1S09). Nrf. You have bamboozled me this morning;
. . . Icll me what your game \s.Gi'aBON Beyond Compare'^iHHH) III.
xiii. Slang. Grose (1790) 71/5. add. (M.;
BAMBY
[147]
BANBURY TALE
2. To confuse, muddle ; to act or talk confusedly.
Nhb. Aa's fair bamboozclt wi' tlie job. He tried yen way an'
another, bamboozlin hisscl past ivverj'thing. Ye'll bamboozle
me if yc dinna tyek time (R.O.H.) ; Aw thinlc aw sec poor
Peter now, Bamboozlin' on for hours together, Wilson I'ilman's
/'oy (18431 28.
3. To get the mastery of.
e.YIts. Leeds Merc. Siippl. (Mar. 15, 1884) ; Very rare in this
sense ( R.S.).
4. To strike hard, to drive away.
e.Vks. Leeds Meir.Suppl. (Mar. 15, 1884I ; When I was a boy
it was a favourite cricketing term. If a bowler sent up a careless
ball, the batsman was counselled ' Ti bamboozle it weel,' and if he
succeeded in driving it far away, whereby several runs were
obtained, he was rewarded by cries of ' Weel bamboozled ! ' (J.N.)
Hence (i) Bamboozled, //i/. «(//'. embarrassed, bothered.
(2) Bamboozlement, sb. deception. (3) Bamboozling,
vbl. sb. the act of deceiving. (4) Bamboozling, />/>/. aiij.
deceiving, false.
(i) Sc. Everybody that went by glowered at her till she began
to feel shamefaced and bamboozled like, Whitehead DafI Davie
(1876) 217, ed. 1894. Chs.* (2) Sus. Bamboozlement is the
language for it. — Embezzlement she should have said, Blackmoue
Spiiiighaveii (1887' xxxiv. (3) Sc. The species of wit which has
been long a favourite in the city, under the names of bamboozling,
hoaxing, and quizzing. Scott A'/^'f/ (1822) xviii. w.Yks. Ncaw aw
am nut dreomin', nut I, Nur yet to bamboozlin' incloincd, ll'arfy
Rhymes (1894) 29. (4) Slang. Och, you bamboozling ould divil,
Raby Rattler (1845'! iv.
[Certain words invented bj' some pretty fellows, such
as banter, bamboozle, country put, and kidney . . . some
of which are now struggling for the vogue. Swift Taller
(1710), No. 230.]
BAMBY, adv. Dev. Cor. Also written bam-bye Dev.
Presently, soon ; by-and-b}'.
Dev. Thou'lt vend out th' rcarts on't bamby, ma braw vine
lasses! Madox-Brown D-.iale Bliit/i (1876) I. i; She will come
bamby, u: Times (Feb. 26. 1886) 3, col. 2. n.Dev. Shalt ha' thee
vill o' appul dumplings An clotted crayme bam-bye, Rock Jim an'
Nell ( 1867) 7. Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 423 ; Grose (1790)
MS. add. (C.)
[Repr. by-a}td-by.'\
BAME, see Balm.
BAMF, zi. Obs.'i Sc. To stump; to toss or tumble about.
Sc. He wont to be hamfin a(T the heads wi' collier briggs whiles,
and they under close-reefed tap-sails. Gall. Encycl. (Jam. Sitppl.)
[Not known to our correspondents.]
BAMFER, V. Cor. [bas'mfsfr).] To worry, torment.
Thomas Ra>tdigal R/ivmes ( 18951 Gl.
Hence Bamfering, />/>/. ad/, tormenting, shrewish.
Cor.3 An unfortunate man told me he had 'a bamfering wife.'
BAMFOOZLE, v. Yks. Som. Cor. Also written bum-
foozle Cor.2 [bamfuzl, baemfde'zl.] To play tricks upon,
to deceive ; to humbug.
n.Yks. I G.W.W.\ ne.Yks.' w.Som.' Doan yiie lat-n baam-
feozl ee [don't you let him take you in]. Cor. Hcr's to bamloozle
th' sodger, Parr Adam and Eve ^18801 iii ; Cor.^
[A pron. of bamboozle, prob. from assoc. w. confuse.]
BAMMEL, v. Sc. Yks. Shr. [ba'ml.J To knock, beat ;
to indulge in horseplay. See Bummil.
n.Yks. The man was bammlin' his wile about (I.W.~1. 3hr.*
Hence Bammeling, />/>/. adj. clumsy, awkward.
Rxb. A bamling chield (Jam.).
[Cp. LG. dial, baiiiiiielii ' hin und her schwanken,
tremule moveri ; dafilr sagt man aber lieber biiiniitelit '
(Brem. IVtbch.) ; MLG. bimmeln und baiimichi, ' lautcn '
(ScHii.LER-LuBDEN) ; EFris. bamiiieln, to strike hither
and thither (Koolman).]
BAMMOCK, V. Nhp. Glo. O.xf. Hmp. Also in form
bommock Nhp.' Oxf.'; bonimux Glo.^ To knock about,
beat down ; to strike clumsily.
Nhp.' How you bommock the children. Oxf.' Er bommocks
out two or three 'ats a year, MS. add. Glo.' Hmp. To knock
about, or beat about, so as to break up ; esp. of mole hills, &c., in
a meadow. Go down there and hammock them about ^W.H.E.\
BAMPED UP, /i/;r. Chs. Vamped up ; mended so as to
last for a time. Chs.'
BAMS, sb. pi. Cor. Phosphorescence on the sea.
w.Cor. In use among St. Ives' fishermen (J.W. '.
BAMSEY, 5i. Yks. [bamzi.] A fat red-faced woman.
Yks. iJ.T.) n.Yks.' ; ii.Yks.^ What a bamscy, with a face like
a full moon !
BAMSTICKLE, sec Banstickle.
BAMULLO, sb. Sc. Also in the forms bomullo,
bomulloch (Jam.). In phr. todaiice, laugh, or sing Daiiiidlo,
to make one change one's mirth into sorrow, to make
one cry.
Sc. Strack the bully . . . upon the haffct as garr'd John Lancc-
man dance BamuUo, Drummond Mnch^maehy '1846 35. Ags., Per.
' I'll gar you lauch, sing, or dance Bamullo ' is a threatening used
by parents or nurses, when their children are troublesome or
unseasonably gay, esp. when thej' cannot be lulled to sleep Jam.\
BAN, sb. 'Yks. Lan. [ban.] A curse.
n.Yks.' 2, ne.Lan.'
BAN, V. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Ken. Som. [ban, basn.]
1. To curse ; to swear.
Sc. I seldom ban, sir, Scott Waverleyii^n''] xlviii ; Thaj-e bliss
wi'thair mooth, an' ban inwairdlie, RiDr>ELLP5. (1857' Ixii. 4; Bless
thae wha ban you, Henderson St. Malt. (1862) v. 44 ; Whilk gart
him ban, Donald Poems 1 1867) 15 ; An old wife . . . scolding and
banning as if I was the cause of the whole danger. Whitehead
Daft Davie (1876, 142, ed. 1894; The tod [fox] never fares better
than when he's bann'd, Ramsay Prov. (1737^ Abd. An' bann'd
his cowardly flight, Forbes Aja.v (1742, 8; They banned like
Lairds, Shirref Poems (1790) 214. Fif. Another by his master
bann'd and cursed, Tennant Auster i 1812 61, ed. 1871. Rnf.
I'll bann the day tliou hither came, Allan Poems (18361 143.
Ayr. The dcvil-hact, that I sud ban They ever think, Burns Second
Ep. to Davie; I banned and I bellowed like desperation, Galt
Provost (1822) I. v. Kcb. An' bann wi' birr the geezen'd cap,
Davidson Seasons (17891 112. n.Cy. Grose (1790^; Bannin,
Border Gl. ; N.Cy. 2, Nhb.' Cum. At Scales, great Tom Barvvise
gat the ba' in his hand And t'wives aw ran out, and shouted, and
banned, Hlttchinson ///s/. Cum. (1794^1 II. 322. n.Yks.'; n.Yks.2
He bann'd till all was blue. m.Yks.' w.Yks.' They therscls winnot
stick at tellin lees, an bannin, ii. 298; w.Yks. ^ He went banning
an' rawaming abart t'hars like a madman. Thah m.iy ban till tub's
fonder an' what thah is, fur what gaum I sal tak on thuh. Ken.
He bann'd him to the pit of Hell yK. i.
Hence Banning, vbl. sb. swearing, curses.
Sc Wha are ye, that are sae bauld wi' j'our blessing and
banning in other folk's houses? Scott A'cn/f (1821) v. [Be it as it
may be is no banning, Ray Prov. (1678) 98.]
2. To scold, to chide.
Lnk. My mither jeers at me. And bans me for a dautit wean,
Motherwell O wae be (18271. Nhb. My Eppie's voice, O wow
it's sweet, Even though she bans and scaulds a wee, A'. Minstrel
1^18061 67.
3. To forbid, prohibit, prevent, shut out.
Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825^; I ban he from gwain
there, W. & J. Gl. U873) ; w.Som.' Ee ban un vrum gwai-n ec-n
pun ee-z graewn [he forbid him from going in upon his land].
[1. To bann orcurse, f.irar/r/, Robertson P/iras. (1693);
To ban, curse, ;»rt/«/«yrc. Levins il/rt«//. I1570I ; Qiihen
wiffis vald thar childir ban. Thai wald . . . Beteche thame
to the blak dowglass, Barbour Bruce (1375I -w. 536 ; To
teche him . . . not to bann. Cursor M. ic. 13001 12050.
ON. baiiiia, tocurse; cp. hll^G. baiiiirn (Sciiiller-Lubben),
Du. bauncn (Kilian). 2. Cp. Du. baiiiieu, to scolcl
(OuDEMANs) ; Dan. baiides, to scold, to quarrel (Dausk
Ordbog). 3. ON. baitiia, to forbid, hinder, prohibit ; cp.
MUG. /)rt««f«, under threat and pcnaltv to forbid (Le.xer).]
BAN-BEGGAR, i-Z-. Stf. Der. Nhp.War. Also written
ban-bygar Der.'' A beadle, a constable. See Bang-
beggar.
Stf.', Der.2 Nhp. He went by the name of the ban-beggar . . .
and every biggar he could see he fidgetted them out of the town,
N. & g.\i883, 6th S. vii. 106. War. (J.R.W.)
[BaJi (to proscribe) -Firij'^rtr.]
BANBURY TALE, p/ir. Lin. Also Dev. In form
Bamberry Dev. Silly talk.
n.Lin.' Dev. w.Times 1 Feb. 26, 1886^ 2, col. 2.
[This phrase is doubtless due to the well-known
nursery rhyme, ' Ride a-cock horse To Banbury Cross.']
BANCELLING
[148]
BAND
BANCELLING, see Bensilling.
BANCOR, see Banker.
BAND, sb.^ Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dun Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der.
Lin. War. Wor. Hrf. Ess. Also written bant Lan.' e.Lan.'
Chs.' nw.Der.'; bandt Lan.'; bont Chs.' Der.'^ nvv.Der.'
[band, bond.] Cf. bond.
1. (a) String, twine, cord ; a string for leading or tying,
or other purposes.
Sc. (S.K.C.) n.Cy. Grose (1790) MS. add. (P.) n.Yks. A dog
in a band, Old Ptov. (A.C.); n.Yks.'; n.Yks.^ It's not worth
a band's end ; n.Yks.^ ne.Yks.', e.Yks.' w.Yks. T'chap tees a
piece of band rahnd his tooth, Bywater Sheffield Dial. ( 18391 S4i
ed. 1877 ; It's th' length o' yo'r rule, an' my pocket comb, an' this
piece o' band, Hartley Budget {1868) 41 ; Tee some band raand
it neck an festen it to th' wall, ib. Clock Oliu. (1877) 35 ; Gi
us a bit o' band to spin mi castle-top wi (H.L.) ; w.Yks.^ Lan.
Aw teed mi owd clog wi o bant, Collins Poems (1859: 54 ; He'd
tendered it t'gether wi' a bant, Brierley Mmiocks (1867) 97 ; He
put some bant through th' corners o' th' flitch, an' hung it up to
dreigh. Wood //i/;;i. Sketches. 88; Lan.', Chs.', Der.' ^ Lin. You
get well howd o' the band while j'ouhg squire untwisses the hook,
Fenn Dick o' the Fens (i888j x. n.Lia. Wi' a bit o' band fer
a bridle, Peacock Tales and Rhymes (1886) 122 ; n.Lin.' We hed
a moudiwarp e' a band, soa as we could sea how it thrust itsen
i'to th' grund, wi'oot lettin on it get awaay fra us. sw.Lin.' I've
sent for a ball of band. 'War. (J.R.W.)
{b) In comp. (i) Band-layer, (2) -maker, one who
spins twine or cord ; (3) -scraper, a fiddler; (4) -spinner,
see Band-layer; (5) -string, a species of confection of a
long shape.
(i) n.Yks.2 (2) n.Yks.'2 (3) Lan. He con swing his elbow wi
here an there a bant-scraper, Clegg David's Loom (1894) xiii.
(4) w.Yks. Banks IVkfld. Wds. (1865;. (5) Sc. (Jam.)
2. [a] Rope.
Sc. The rope or tie by which black cattle are fastened to the
stake (Ja.m,\ n.Yks.' ^ ne.Yks.' w.Yks. We're teed wi' a bit
o'band, Bronte Shirley (18.19} i'i J Hev ye seen owt of our owd
brown coo, coomin' down yon brow, wi' a band about its neck?
(F.P.T.) Lan. You would ha' to dangle at th' end of a bant,
Waugh C/iiHiH. CocHfr 1 1874; 30. Der.2
(b) In comp. (i) Band-layer, (a) -maker, a rope-
maker.
(n n.Yks.2 (2')n.Yks.l2
3. Hencey?^. for free play, liberty, scope for action.
Yks. Yuh've gin him far to' much band, Philip Neville, ix,
w.Yks. He's hed a good length o' band (S.P.U.). Lan. AUeaw'd th'
owd woman length o' bant, Collins Poems (1859) 7. e.Lan.' To
give one * plenty of band.'
4. {a) A rope made of twisted hay or straw, used for
binding sheaves of corn ; also a thin rope of twisted straw
used in thatching.
n.Yks.' e.Yks. Oor Jack gets a shilling a day an' his mecat
for twistin' h.\v bands. Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889) 51; e.Yks.'
Chs.' 2, Stf.=, War. ( J.R. W.) Ess. Let greenest stand, For making
of band, Tusser Husbandrie (15801 125, st. 17.
(b) In co)iip. (1) Band-hay, inferior hay used for
making bands, &c. ; (2) -maker, one who makes straw
bands with which to tie the sheaves at harvest-time ; (3)
•making, the operation of twisting sheaf-bands.
(i) s.Wor.i, Hrf.2 (2) n.Yks.'2 ne.Yks.' The bandmakker,
who formed a trio with the takker-up and the binndther. n.Lin.'
A woman or child who makes bands. (3) n.Yks.' Performed by
twisting lightly together, at the ear end, two handfuls of the long
corn. e.Yks.' Johnny has not been to school this week; how is
that ? — Pleease, sor, he's gcean band-makkin'.
5. A chain across a horse's back to hold up the shafts ;
see Back-band.
ne.Lan.'
6. A space of ground, containing twenty square yards.
w.Yks.'
7. A wooden fastening for a cow's neck.
w.Yks.', ne.Lan.', War. 1 J.R.W.)
8. A hinge or joint.
Sc. The old-fashioned hinge consisted of a hook affixed to the
door-post, and a band (with a loop at the end to fit the hook)
fastened to the door. These hinges are called hooks and bands
(Jam.5«/i/>/.). Lnk. Without a roof the gates fall'n from their bands,
Ramsay Gentle Shep. (1733) III. i. 8. N I.' s.v. Bats and Bands.
N.Cy.' An iron joint or hinge used in connecting a flat rope that
has been broken. Nhb.', Dur. (F. P.") Yks. Made un breeak t'band,
and ding deer off t'creeaks, S/Tc. /?/>?/. (1800) 24. n.Yks.'; n-Yks.^
A pair o' bands. e.Yks. ^ Bands, sometimes highly floriated, may
be seen on all church doors, ./1/S. orfrf. (T.H.) m.Yks.' w.Yks. The
part of a hinge which clasps or finds the top rail of a gate (J.T. );
Doorbands of iron or brass, with a round hole to hang on a crook
and form a hinge, are called ' Bands and crooks,' Banks U'kfld.
Wds. (1865) ; w.Yks.', ne.Lan.' Chs.' Bands for doors of farm-
buildings, n Lin.' The iron work on a door to which the hinges
or sockets are fastened. War. (J.R.W.)
9. The piece of wood placed horizontally, to which the
boards of a common door are nailed.
Chs.', War. (J.R.W.)
10. Phr. (i) There's a band for thee, equiv. to common
saying 'Go and hang j'ourself; (2) to haitg in the same
band, to be concerned in the same matter ; (3) to Itave
atxotlier band by the end, to have a new pursuit in view ;
(4) to keep in band, of forest land : to keep fenced or
hedged in ; (5) to keep the band in the ruck, to keep every-
thing working smoothly, to be able to continue in any given
way (metaphor borrowed from spinning terms).
(i) n.Yks.2 (2) Thoo's hung i' t'seeam band, ib. (3) ib. (4)
Nhp. The proprietors of the underwood in the forest woods are
empowered by the ancient laws and customs of the forest, to fence
in each part or sale as soon as it is cut, and to keep it in band, as
it is here termed, for seven years. Reports Agnc. (1793-1813) 34.
{5) Nhb.' w.Yks. Aw mun keep th' band i' th' nick if aw can.
Hartley Clock Aim. (1877) 40. Der.'
[1. Two cobill notis uppon a bande. Loo ! litill babe,
what I have broght, York Plays (c. 1400) 122 ; A purs that
heng [doun] by a bande, Chaucer R. Rose, 240. 2. A
moder ass yee sal fiar find, And yee hir sal undo Ute of
hir band, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 14969. 8. Bande of a dure,
vertebra, Cath. Angl. ; I saide that he shuld breke Youre
barres and bandes, Toivneley Myst. (c. 1450) 248; pe
prisun dors left als he fand, Noij^er he brak ne barr ne
band. Cursor M. 19306. The word in the form bann
occurs in Irish and Gaelic in the sense of 'hinge'; see
O'Reilly, Macleod, and Macbain.— ON. band, that with
which anything is bound, a fetter, cord; cp. OFris. band
(RiCHTHOKEN).]
BAND, sb.^ Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. [band.]
1. A projecting piece of wood which goes round the top
of a cart.
w.Yks.2
2. The hair-band or brow-band formerly worn by women ;
a snood.
Sc. A good face needs nae band, and an ill ane deserves nane,
Ramsay Pjof. (1737); (,G.W.)
3. Of a house: the string-course along its walls.
w.Yks.=
4. An interstratification of stone or shale with coal ;
also applied sometimes to a thin stratum of any kind,
from half an inch to six inches in thickness.
N.Cy.', Nhb.' Nhb., Dur. Greenwell Coat Tr. Gl. (1849) ; White
band, Borings 1881 ) II. 2 ; Gl. Lab. (1894).
5. Comp. Band-scale, a scale by which the hewers are
paid an extra price above the ordinary tonnage price,
according to the thickness of band.
Nhb., Dur. Nicholson Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
6. Comp. (i) Band-fish, the fish Cepola rubescens, or
red band-fish ; (2) -ganner, the sheldrake, Tadorna
belonii.
(i) Satchell. (2) Nhb.i This bird has a band of rusty red
colour.
[1. Bande of a carte, crusta, Cath. Angl. Fr. bande, a
long, narrow piece of material, a strip, edge, side ; cp. It.
bdnda, any side or shore, any thin plate of metall to bind
(Florio).]
BAND, sb.^ Sc. Yks. Shr. [band.]
1. A choir.
Fif. It would be a bonnie kirk, wi' the sky for a roof, the birds
for a baund, Robertson Provost (1894) 24.
2. In comp. Band-mate, a fellow-chorister.
w.Yks. I was at a loss for my band-mate, Everett Blacksmith
(cd. 1831) iii; In use locally (.S'.K.C.) ; (H.B.)
BAND
[149]
BANDS
3. Two things, a brace ; also applied to a number of
things fixed on a string.
Sh.I. Piltacks tied by a short length of string or straw to be
hung over another string or rod to be dried » K.I.). S. & Ork.*
4. Phr. to ivork in the band, of colliers : to labour for
a whole day at stocking coals down.
Shr.»
[Fr. baitc/e, fr. It. tmnda, a troop of men (Florio).]
BAND, sb." Sc. Cum. Win. Yks. Lan. [band.]
1. The ridge of a small hill.
Sc. Keep the band of the liill a' the w.iy, Blackw. Mag. (Mar.
1823'! 317 i,Jam.\ Cum. 1 aylors Ghyll Band, Linton Lake Cy.
(1864) 315 ; Cum.i w.Yks. An elevated ridge on high moors,
Lucas Sliid. Kiddctdale (,c. 1882 1 82. ne.Lan.' Swirl band.
2. The narrow slope of a fell.
Wni.i Bowfell Band.
3. A boundary on high and unenclosed land. Also in
phr. to break bands, to trespass, break bounds.
Cum. He breaks bands like a Herdwick tip, Gibson Pop. Rhymes
(1861I 19; Cum.i
[Prob. the same as Band*, in the sense of ' edge, side.']
BAND, V. Suf [baend.] To run a line of hazel
or other flexible wood intertwiningly along the top of
a hedge to keep it more firmly within the hedge-stakes.
Suf. iF.H.l ; Rainbird Agiic. (18191 291, cd. 1849.
BANDALIER, BANDELEER, see Bandoleer.
BAND(S-END, phr. Yks. Anything worthless and
useless ; also applied to a person of no importance.
w.Yks. Who were there? — Oh, a lot of band-ends (J.R."i ;
w.Yks.^ It's a owd bandend on a horse, that ; w.Yks.^ Nut worth
a band's end.
Hence Band-ender, sb. a worthless person, a ne'er-
do-well.
w.Yks. T'odds an' ends o' creation gate tumbled down an' left
theer, includin' all t'bandenders an' misfits at wcr left after stockin'
other places, Cudworth Sketches (^18841 24.
[^nm/, sb.' 2 + end.]
BAND-END, v. Lin. [ba-nd-end.] To thrash.
n.Lin.' If ye doan't giv oher maakin' this here row I'll band-end
yC, and quick an all.
Hence Band-ending, a thrashing.
n.Lin. What he wants, an' that's a good band-endin', Peacock
Trta/fs (,1889) 87.
[The same as Band-end, si.]
BANDER, sb.^ Dev. • [bsendafr).] A border ; the
boundary line of a parish or farm.
Dev. BowRiNG Lang. (^i866j I. pt. v. 21 ; Dev.^
[Band, sb.^-f-cr.]
BANDER, sb.^ Yks. [band3(r).] One of a band of
musicians.
w.Yks.3
[Band, sb.^ -I- -c/".]
BANDER, sb.^ Glo. A derisive term for tlie mouth.
Glo. ' Shut yer bloomin' banders ! ' was said to some street singers
(S.S.B.^.
BANDIE, 5*. Sc. Nhp. Also written bandy Sc. Nhp.*
[bandi, bsendi.] The stickleback, Gaslerosleits aciilcatiis.
Bnff. These were the places for bandies, eels, cr.ibs, and worms,
Smiles Sc. Naliir. (1879) I. 8 ; ' Mother,' said he, ' where are my
crabs and bandies?' ib. I. 14. Abd. (Jam.), Nlip.'
[Perh. abbrev. fr. another name of this fish. Ban-
stickle.]
BANDING, sb. Yks. Lan. [ba-ndin.] String, cord ;
also spoilt yarn only fit for making cord.
Lan.' Hastgetten a bito' bandin abeawt tlii > Mishoon ban comn
untied. m.Lan.i s.Lan. Bamford /);Vi/. ^1854:. [Spoilt yarn that
can only be sold at little more than half its value, Gl. Lab. (18941.]
In fo/;;/!. Banding-stuff, binding materials, such as string.
n.Yks.2
[Band, sb.' 1 -f -inff.]
BANDISH, sb. Nhb. Yks. Lan. [ba'ndij.] A
bandage.
Nhb.i, w.Yks.'. ne.Lan.'
[A form o{ bandage with change of sufT. {-is/i for -rr,^c).]
BAND-KITT, sb. Obs. .' n.Cy. Yks. Lin. Also written
bend-kitt Yks. ; benkit Yks. n.Lin.' A kind of large can
with a cover. Sec Kitt.
n.Cy. Grose 1790); Hoi.lowav. Yks. K. ; n.Yks. Fill mc
th' bend kit, Meriton Praise Ale 1 1684 1. 163. w.Yks. A small
wood vessel with a cover that's loose, and fitted with notches to
two prominent lags [! lugs] that have string thro' them to carry it
by, TiiORESBY Lc/I. (1703 . n.Lin.'
[The can was so called fr. the staves or hoops put round
it. Band, sb.* + kitt (sb. ), q.v.]
BANDLE. aA. Irel. Also written bandele. A measure
for linen and other stufl's, equivalent to two feet.
Wxf. Used at fairs by dealers in frieze, flannel, &c. (P.J.M.) ;
Wxf.'
[Bandle, an Irish measure of two feet in length. Ash
(1795); so Blou.nt (i68i),CocKERAM (1637). \v. //annlani/i,
a cubit (O'Reilly) ; bann, the same word as band, sh.^,
a rope, chain, measure of land (see sense 6) + lamli, hand,
arm.]
BANDLESS, adj. CId. (Jam.) Abandoned to wicked-
ness.
Hence Bandlessly, adv. rcgardlcssly ; Bandlessness,
sb. the state of abandonment to wickedness.
[Band, sb.'-f -/f55.]
BAN-DOG, sb. Sc. Nhb. Ess. Som. Dev. [ba-n-,
bas'n-dog.] A watch-dog.
Sc. The keeper entered, leading his ban-dog, Scott Waverley
(1814 Afypin. ii. to Pief. ; Worse to snatch the quarry from a
ban-dog, ih. Abbot (,1820. xv- Nhb. Keepers to watch . . . and ban-
dogs to bark, Richardson Borderer's Table-bk. (1846) VII. 280.
Ess. Make bandog thy scoutwatch, to bark at a theefe, Tusser
Htisbandrie (1580;! 21, St. 19 ; Thy bandog, that serveth for divers
mishaps. Forget not to give him thy bones and thy scraps, ib.
179, St. a. w.Som.' n.Dev. To effect an entrance without being
eaten by the ban-dogs, Kincsley Westivard Ho! ,1855) 45, ed.
1889. [Bane dog, a dog of mischief and murder (K.).]
[Bandog, a large dog, a mastiff, Ash (1795) ; A band-
dog, cauis calciiatiis, Robertson P/;ras. (1693) ; Bandog,
band & dog, q d. canis vindiis, Skinner (1671) ; The time
when screech-owls cry and. ban-dogs howl, Shaks.
2 Hen. VI, I. iv. 21 ; Wc lian great bandogs will teare
their skinne, Spenser S/i. Kal. (1579) Sept. 163; Martin,
a mastivc or bandog, Cotgr.; Molosus, band-dogge, Voc.
(c. H25) in Wright's Voc. 638. Band, sb.'-^(^'oi^.]
BANDOLEER, s6. Sc. Nhb. Cor. Also written bande-
leer Cor.'*
1. Obs. A leathern belt worn by soldiers, fitted with loops
in which cartridges were suspended.
Sc. A shoulder belt . . . was crossed by a bandalier containing
his charges of ammunition, Scott Leg. Mont. (,18301 ii. Edb. He
was in his bandaliers to hae joined the ungracious Highlanders, ib.
Midlothian !,i8i8) xii. [(,K.)]
2. Obs. A box attached to a band, containing charges for
a musket.
Nhb.' Pd. one paire of bandclears, 2S., Gateshead Church Books
{16341 ; Pd. for fower pair of new bandaleers with bellts strings
and baggs, 75. 6d., ib. ( i669\
3. A wooden toy shaped like a thin flat reel and containing
a spring.
Cor.' It is made to move up and down by a string which winds
and unwinds ; Cor.^
[1. Bandeleer, a large leathern belt worn by the ancient
musquetiers. Ash (1795). 2. Bandoiiilleres, a musketiers
bandoleers, or charges, like little boxes, hanging from
a belt about his neck, Cotgr.]
BANDORE, sb. Obs. Glo. A musical instrument
with strings ; an old variety of zither.
Glo. Grose 1.17901 MS. add. (H.^ : Glo.'*
[Port. bandoriUia, an instrument of musick, call'd a
bandore, A. J. (1701). Sp. l>andnrria,a. bandore, a gittarne,
MiNSHEU (1623). From It. pandora, a croud, a kit, or
rebccke with three strings (Florio); Gk. rrnvSof-pa, a
musical instrument. Bandore is the same word as banjo.]
BANDS, sb. pi. Lin. Shr. Banns of marriage.
n.Lin.' Do it respectable, wi' parson an' bands o' marriage. — N.-iay.
not fer me, thcnk ye. I weant tie mysen fer good to noa woman
Shr.' A pit-girl who presented herself with her 'chap' to 'put
up the bands." confounded both parson and clerk by giving her
name as Loicc-Showd.
[A form of lit. E. banns due to assoc. w. band, sb.']
BANDSMAN
[150]
BANE
BANDSMAN, sb. Sc. A binder of sheaves. See
Band star.
Gall. The bandsmen are often taken indiscriminately from the
common labourers, ■■Sgi: Suit. (Jam.)
[Bands (pi. of band, sh}) + Jimii.]
BANDSTER, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Also written
banster. [ba"n(d)sta(r).] One who binds sheaves in the
harvest-field.
Sc. Wharewi' the mawer fillsna his han', nar the bandstir
his bozim, Riddell Ps. (1857) cxxix. 7. Bwk. In ha'rst, amang
the rigs o' corn, I've been a bandster there, Henderson Pop.
Rlivnics (1856) 183. Slk. The bandsters are Ij'art and runkled
and gray, Elliot /"tojtws of For. (17551 st. 3. Nhb. Generally by
the collusion of a friendly bandster, Richardson Borderer's Table-
bk. (1846^ VII. 376 ; Nhb.i n.Yks.i* [Grose (1790) MS. add. (,C.)]
[Baud, sb.' + -ster.]
BAND-STONE, sb. Sc. Nhb. See Bahn-styen.
1. The stone immediately overlaying the coal at the
shaft and projecting into it.
N.Cy.l, Nhb.l
2. A stone that goes through on both sides of a wall.
Sc. Such a stone helps to give strength and solidity to the part
of the wall in which it is built. There may be a number of band-
stones in one wall (A.W.) ; (Jam.); See siccan band-stanes as
he's laid, Scott Blk. Duaif (1B16) iv.
BANDWIN, sb. Sc. Nhb. [ba'ndwin.] A band of
six reapers occupying a man to bind after them.
Bwk. The harvest strength is distributed into bands consisting
each of six reapers . . . with a bandster, which squad is termed
a ban-win (Jam.). Nhb. Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863) ; Nhb.* Six
reapers are usually as many as a bandster can conveniently bind
after.
In coiub. Bandwin rig, a ridge so broad that it may
contain a band of reapers.
Bwk. The ridges are commonly thirty feet broad, called bandwin
ridges, and quite flat, Agric. Siirv. 132, 133 (Jah.\
BANDY, sb} Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin. Nhp. War. "Wor.
Slir. Hrf Pem. Glo. Brks. Bdf. Hrt. e.An. Wil. Dor.
Som. Dev. [ba'ndi, baendi.]
1. A game similar to hockey, played with sticks bent and
round at one end, and a small wooden ball, which each
party endeavours to drive to opposite fixed points.
Lan. Or engaged in the games of . . . bandy, Harland &
Wilkinson Flk-Lore (1867I 255. Chs. Played also upon the
ice (H.B). n.Lin.l, War.3, se.Wor.l Shr., Hrf. Bound Prov.
(1876^ Hrf.2 s.Pera. Laws Z.<V//f£'«^. (1888)419. Glo. Played
with bent sticks and a cube of wood (about two inches across each
face) or with a cotton reel ; but the wood is the more correct.
A ball is never used (S.S.B.). Brks.i e.An.i Any game played
with a bandy or curi'ed stick. WU.i Dev.i [Grose (1790) MS.
add. (C.)]
2. In comb, (i) Bandy and knurley, a game played
with a stick and a wooden block ; (2) -ball, (a) see
Bandy, s6.' ; (b) the game of ' fives ' or ' rackets ' ; (c) the
game otherwise known as knur-and-spell ; (3) — hoshoe,
see Bandy, sb} ; (4) -wicket, a kind of rough cricket.
(i) War. (J.R.W.) (2) («) w.Yks.' [Gomme Games (1894).]
(A) n.Lm.i (<r) Lin. (J.C.W.) ; (E.P.) (3) e.An.i The game of
ball played with a bandy, either made of some very tough wood,
or shod with metal, or with the point of the horn or the hoof of
some animal. The ball is a knob or a knarl from the trunk
of a tree, carefully formed into a globular shape. The adverse
parties strive to beat it with their bandies, through one or other
of the goals placed at proper distances. It is probably named
from the supposed resemblance of the lower end of the bandy,
in strength or curvature, to a horse-shoe ; or it may be so called
from being shod, as it were, with horn or hoof. . . . The empty
hoof of a sheep or calf is frequently used. Nrf. (F.H.) ; Nrf.'
Played by two parties, striking the ball into their opponent's
goal. (4) Hrt Ellis Shep. Guide (1749) 199. e.An. Cricket
played with a bandy instead of a bat (Hall.~) ; e.An.', Nrf.' Suf.'
A game with bats or sticks, and ball, like cricket — but with bricks
usually, or in their absence, hats, instead of bails and stumps, for
wickets.
3. A crooked stick ; also the club with a curved end
used in the game of bandy. Called also bandy-stick.
w.Yks.i, n.Lin.', Nhp.'. War. (J.R.W.), War.^, se.Wor.' Shr.,
Hrf. Bound Prov. (1876). Glo. Grose (1790) MS. add. (M.);
(S.S.B.) e.An.' The bandy was made of very tough wood, or
shod with metal, or with the point of the horn or the hoof of some
animal. Wil. Slow Gl. (1892) ; Wil.' Som. Sweetman Wincanton
Gl. (1885). [A stick bent at one end into a bow, Grose (1790)
MS. add. (C.)]
4. The tool used for spreading manure in the fields ; a
long heavy stick with a curved end.
Glo.' It is made of an oblong bit of quarter with a pole fixed in
obliquelj'. Bdf. (J.W.B.) Hrt. He ... beat the mould about with
bandies. Ellis Mod. Hiisb. (1750) VI. ii. no. Dor.'
[1. Bandy, a play in which a ball is struck backward
and forward with a crooked stick, Ash (1795) ; The
prettiest fellows At bandy once and cricket, D'Urfey
Rkliinond Heiress (\6g2) (Nares). 3. Bandy, a club bent
at the lower end to strike a ball, Ash ; A bandy, hatiia,
clava falcata, reticulmn, Robertson Pliras. (1693). Prob.
the same as Bandy, v.\
BANDY, s4.2 e.An. [bse'ndi.] A hare.
e.An.1, Nrf.'
[The same as Bandy, adj} ; the hare so named fr. the
curvature of her hind legs.]
BANDY, adj} Stf Som. [ba-ndi, ba-ndi.] Knock-
kneed, having one or both legs bent inward at the knee.
s.Stf. Why aich one ... Is deformed, aither bow legged or
bandy, Pinnock Blk. Cy. Ann. (1889) 10. w.Som.' A bandy old
fellow.
fPerh. adj. use of Bandy, sb} 3.]
BANDY, adj? Nhb. Mining term; traversed by
bands of stone or shale.
Nhb. Hard scare bandy coal, Borings (1881) 163 ; Coal, foul,
scared, bandy, ib. 66; Nhb.'
[Band. sb.= -1- ->.]
BANDY, V. Lin. Wor. Glo.
1. To toss or send backwards and forwards.
n.Lin.i [Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.)]
2. To wander or roam about.
Wor. If he goes bandying about from place to place his friends'll
forget him (H.K.). Glo.'
[Tripoter, to bandy, or toss to and fro, as a ball at tennis,
CoTGR. ; Had she affections and warm youthful blood,
She'd be as swift in motion as a ball ; My words would
bandy her to my sweet love, And his to me, Shaks.
R. &^ J. 11. V. 14.]
BANDY-CAT, sb. Wm. Lan. Also written bandy-
cad, bandy-gad Lan.' [ba'ndi-kat.] A game played
with a curved stick and a ball.(^««rj ; also extended to
the stick itself. See Bandy, sb}
Wm.' Lan.' Much the same as the hockey of 5.Eng. ne.Lan.'
BANDY-HE"WIT,56. Yks. (.') Lan. Chs. [ba'ndi-iuit.]
A contemptuous name for a dog of any kind ; a cur.
w.Yks. Used rather as a borrowed word than a native here,
////Cv. IVds. Lan. I've o varra fine bandy-hewit to sell, on I hear
yo want'n one, Sur, Tim Bobbin View Dial. (17461 28, ed. 1806;
A name given to any dog, when persons intend to use it in
making sport of its master, Grose (1790) ; O' ghreyt Papper, weh
' Tum o' Williams, th' Bandy-hewit seller,' e lung spanking letters,
Paul Bobbin Sequel (1819) 24 ; For't most part he'n a big,
black bandyhewit wi' him, Ainsworth Witches (ed. 1849) i ;
E kares no moore fur his woife un childer nur e they'rn us
monny bandyhewits un kitlins, Ormerod Felley fro Rachdc (1851)
v; When aw let goo, ittle scutter awey loike o twitchilt bandy-
hewit, ScHOLES Tim Ganni'ttttle (1857) 12; Lan.' e.Lan.'
Chs.' 23 A turnspit, a bandy-legged, ill-favoured dog.
[Bandy, ad}} + Hew!tl. The latter element may refer
to some bandy-legged man of that name. Hewitt is an
old and common family-name in Cheshire.]
BANDYLAN, sb. Obsol. Cum. A woman of bad
character, an outcast, a virago.
Cum. No bandylan can match her, Anderson Ballads (1808) II.
128, ed. 1820 ; Ye've heard o' Bet the Bandylan, Rayson Misc.
Poems (1858) 35 ; (H.W.') ; Cum.'
BANE, sb. Obsol. Yks. Ess. Wil. Som. [ben, bean.]
1. Poison.
n.Yks.2 Ess. In dairie no cat, Laie bane for a rat, Tusser
Hiisbaiidric {i^So) 170, St. 4.
2. Ruin.
Ess. Cut all thing or gather, the Moone in the wane, But sowe
in encreasing, or giue it his bane, Tusser Hiisbandrie (1580) loi,
St. 23.
BANE
[151]
BANG
3. The rot in sheep.
Wil.» Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873%
[1. Banc, poison, vaiemim, Robertson Phras. (1693) ;
Like rats that ravin down their proper bane, Siiaks.
M. for Meas. i. ii. 133 ; Bane or poyson, iitloxicuin.
Prompt. 2. "Twill be his death ; 'twill be his bane, Siiaks.
'Jr. (Sr» Cr. IV. ii. 98.— ON. bant, death, esp. violent death ;
cp. baiia-drykkr, a deadly drink, poison.]
BANE, V. Wm. Glo. Wil. Som. [ben, bean.]
1. To cause disease, as the rot in sheep.
Wm. Ferguson A'ort/iiitcn (1856) 205. Wil. Britten Beauties
(1825); Wil.i Som. Je.vnings Obs. Dial. w.Eiig. (1825).
Hence Baned, />/>/. a((/. Of sheep : having the rot.
n.Wil. Them ship's bancd, bean 'um ? E.H.G.); Wil.' Som.
[ Used only] <•. of the Parrct ; !<;. of the river ' coed ' or ' coathcd ' is
used. I count they be beund, W. & J. Gl. (1873).
2. To wither.
Glo.i
[The same as Bane, sb.]
BANE, int. Yks. A mild expletive. [Unknown to our
correspondents.]
e.Yks.' Bane ! Ah'll pan, whativver comes on'L
BANE, see Bain, Bone.
BANE-CRAKE, see Bean-crake.
BANEHOND, see Barenhond.
BANEL, sb. Obs. ? Hrt. A dairy utensil.
Hrt. Bands, churns, heads, or any other new-invented dairy
utensil, Ellis Men/. Hiisb. (,1750) V. ii. 93.
BANEPRICKLE, see Banstickle.
BANES, sb. pi. Som. Dev. [beanz.] The banns of
matrimony.
Som. 'Er banes beant out eet, Jennings Dial. w.Eiig. (1869").
w.Som.' n.Dev. Es verly beleive thy banes will g'in next Zindey,
E.xiii. Crislip. ( 1 7461 1. 455.
[Banns of matrimony or banes, Bailey (1755) ; Banes
of matrimony, sponsaliiim ptiblicatio, Robertson Phras.
(1693) ; Bans, the banes of matrimony, Cotgr. ; I'll crave
the day When I shall ask the banns (banes, ed. 1596),
Shaks. T. Shmv, 11. i. i8i ; Tlie banes must be asked
three seueral Soondaies, Bk. Coin. Prayer (i^^g) ; Bane of
a mariage. Prompt., ed. Pynson (1499). Fr. Piiblier les
bans, ' proclamer les noms des futurs epoux au prone
trois dinianches dc suite al'eglise paroissiale' (Hatzfeld).
BANESTICKLE, see Banstickle.
BANEWORT, sb. Also written banwort, banwood,
benwort ; bennert Cum.' (i) Bel/is peremiis, common
daisy (Nhb. Cum. Yks.) ; (2) Viola odorata, sweet violet
(Dur.) ; (3) any poisonous plant (Yks.).
(i) Nlib.' The northern men call the herb a banwurt, because it
helpeth bones to knit again, Turner Herhal, I. 78. Cum.' (2)
Dur. (K.) (3) n.Yks.2 It's some mak o' bane-wort [some kind of
vegetable poison].
[This word is also the name of various poisonous
plants: {a) the lesser spearwort (Ranunculus flam-
niula), (b) the deadly nightshade, (a) Ranunculus Flain-
rneus ... in English speare-woort and banewoort, because
it is dangerous and deadly for sheep, Gerarde Herb. (ed.
1633) 962. {b) Banewort or Night-shade, Kersey (1715).
Bane (poison) + zi'ort (plant). Baneivort as applied to the
daisy has prob. a similar mg. to Bruiseivort ; cp. Gerarde,
637 : The Daisie was called in old time Bruisewort . . . the
leaves stamped taketh away bruises]
BANG. >-/).' Sc. Cum. Yks. Lan. Lei. War. e.An. Som.
[bar) ; w.Yks. ber).]
1. A blow, an onslaught ; /?i^. a disturbance.
Sc. O' foaming waves then did wc meet the bang, A, ScoTT Poems
(1808) 30. Abd. Ye snarlin' critics, spare your bang, Shirref
Poems (1790) 15. Fif. Toss his whizzing cudgel up to heaven That
with more goodly bang it down may light, Tennant -■iHi/cf i_i8i2l
58, ed. 1871 ; A storm of wooden bangs, ib. 60. N.Cy.' w.Yks.
LvcAS Stud. Nidderdale I c. 1882'!. ne.Lan.' Lei.' Old Jonathan's
made another bang, And if we can, we will him hang, Yates Broad-
side (1844'!. War. I J.R.W.) w.Som.' Aal gi dh.ee u banguundur
dhu yuur [I will give thee a culT under the ear].
2. An act of haste, esp. in. phr. with a bang, in a bang,
suddenly, in haste.
Abd. That I sud gang alang And syne be married with him in a
bang, Ross Helcnore (1768) 75, cd. 1812. FIT. In a bang :A.W.\
N.Cy.' Cum. Krac aw parts they com in wi' a bang, Anderson
Ballads (18081 129. cd 1881 ; Cum.' He come in wid a bang.
3. Cheese made of milk several times skimmed ; also
known as Bang and Thump.
e.An.' Very hard and tough. Nrf. Master sometimes gon us a
bit o' Suffolk bang, Simlling Johnny's Jamil 1879 ii ; Nrf.'
Suf. Locally termed Bang and Thump, TussER Hiisbatidrie (1580')
Allies, 281 ; Its name derision and reproach pursue. And strangers
tell of ' three times skimmed sky-blue.' To cheese converted, what
can be its boast? What, but the common virtues of a post! If
drought o'ertakc it faster than the knife, Most fair it bids for
stubborn length of life. And, like the oaken shelf whereon 'tis laid.
Mocks the weak efforts of the bending blade ; Or in the hog-trough
rests in perfect spite. Too big to swallow and too hard to bite,
Bloomfield Farmer'sBoy (1805) 17, cd. 1808; Also called Thump,
Rainbihd Agric. (1849 288; Bang used to be as good as Stilton
cheese, but is almost a lost art, e.An, Dy. Times (1892); Suf.'
4. A lie. See Banger.
w.Som.' Naew dhce-s u-toa"Id u bang, aay noa' [now thou hast
told a lie, I know].
BANG, si.2 Nhb. Cum. [bag.] A strong fir pole
used for various purposes.
N.Cy.' A strong heavy lever for raising stones out of the ground.
Nlib. & Dur. I take the liberty to acquaint the country, that Peter
Ditchburn, of Mainsforth, in the county of Durham, will . . . pitch
thcbang withany man in England, for ten or twenty pounds, Nr.v-
caslte Jni. (June 29, 1754'. Nhb.' A pole, used in the game of
' pitching the bang.' A long pole used for guiding or propelling
a boat, or the poles used in carrying hay when two people take
the bangs between them. A ' cow bang ' is a pole in a byre
to which a cow is fastened. Cum. (J. P.)
[A hangne,fustis, Levins Manip. (1570).]
BANG, sb? Sc. [bag.] A crowd, a great number.
Sc. A bang o' buirdly fishermen, DRUMMoNDiI/Hf/t'o«;nf/iv(i846)
29 ; And first baith bangs . . . look'd murd'rously at ane anither, ib.
61. Fif. Great bangs o' bodies . . . Gaed to St. Andrew's town, Ten-
HANT Papisliy {182-}) I. Lnk. Of customers she had a bang, Ramsay
Poems (1727) I. 216, ed. 1800. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.)
BANG, sb.* n.Irel. A fork with three flat prongs.
Ant. Used for digging potatoes (W.H.P.".
BANG, I'. Van dial, uses in Sc. Ircl. and Eng. [bar) ;
w.Yks. ben.]
1. trans. To beat, to strike with the fist or with a whip,
to thrash, knock, handle roughlj'.
Sc. In Scotland where the nobles can bang it out bravely, ScoTT
Nigel (1822] x.wii ; Our minister . . . has banged the puir Bible till
it's a' llulTcrs an' lowse leaves, Dickson Kirk Beadle (ed. 1892' 103.
n.Sc. He bangs the bairn but an ben the fleer jist as gane fif J it
war an aul' shee ;W.G.). Ayr. And aft my wife she bang'd me.
Burns O ay my Wife. N.Cy.' Bang her amang her cen. Nlib.
(W.G ), Dur.', Cum. 2 Wm. It isn't for my foat et I ride ct slang.
But for \V. B. who his wife docs bang, Lonsdale Mag. ;i82a)
III. 376; Wm.' He banged up his gob [mouth]. Yks. Bang
his bancs, TuoREsnv Lett. (1703) ; Howe, t'lang sin,thoo knaws,
did bang em weel. Spec. Dial. iiSoo) Invasion. n.Yks. (T.S.)
e.Yks. He banged mi heead and dooar tigither, Leeds Merc. Suppl.
(Mar. 15. 18841 8. m.Yks.' w.Yks. It makes the tinkler bang
his wife, Di.xoN Siigs. Eng. Peas. (1846) 163, ed. Bi 11 ; Cuowortii
Ilorlon 1886^; w.Yks.' ^, n.Lan.'. ne Lan.' Not. He banged
me about (J.H B. 1. Lei.' Nhp.' I'll bang you well. How
you bang the things about. War.^ Hmp. ' I just did bang 'un.
Dev. I'd bang mun well, had I a whip, Peter Pindar If'ks. (1816)
IV. 182; Jist like I'd be bangingour little dog Van, Nathan HoGC
Pod. Lett. (18471 9, ed. 1865 ; Dev ' Cor. A'. & Q. (1854) ist S.
X. 179; Monthly Mag. ii8o8) II. 422.
Hence Banging, vbl. sb. a beating, a thrashing.
Nhp.' Shr.2 Gic him a good banging.
2. In comb. (i| Bang-down, a coat with square tails;
(2) -tail, the Redstart, Phoenicurus ruticilla, also called
Red Fiery Bang-tail.
(i) e.Lan.' A coat which swags or bangs against the wearer's
hams. (2) Wil.' In nw.Wil.
3. To thresh corn.
n.Yks. Halliwell Anthol. (1851) Twea Threshers. m.Yks.'
4. To throw or thrust violently.
Bnff.' The loon . . . bangt the ba' in through the window. Nhb.'
And. ay, .as the ship came to the land, she banged it off again,
Laidley Worm. w.Yks.' Beng't ar him I e.Yks.'
BANG
[152]
BANG ABOUT
5. With prep off. Of a gun : to fire, to let off.
Sc. Twa unlucky red-coats . . . banged off a gun at him, Scott
Wavciley ',1814) Ixiv.
6. Fig. To beat, to overcome, to overpower.
Sc. Him they call Bang, or Bj-ng, . . . has bang'd the French
ships and the new king, Scorr BIk. Dwaif (1816) xvii. Lth ,
Rxb., Dmf. (Jam.) n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L B.)
Hence Banging, vbl. sb. a beating, a defeat.
Kcb. The Yankics brattled doun the brae To save themselves a
bangin, Davidson Seasons (1789) 20.
7. To beat, surpass, excel, outdo.
Rxb. It bangs a' prent (Jam.). Kcb. E'en ony rose her cheeks
did bang. Her leuks were like a lily, Davidson Seasons (1789") 119.
Ir. Och, murther ! is it mustard with salmon ? That bangs all !
Padiliana (1848) I. 54 ; The figurandyin' you have wid that
baste, . . . bangs all. Barlow Idylls {1892) 113; That bangs
Bannagher, and Bannagher bangs the devil [Bannagher is a town
in Kco.](G.M. H.) s.Wxf.The likes o' me couldn't go for to describe
the beautiful place it was. at all at all ; for it banged description,
Fenian A'lg/ttsin Shamrock Mag. (Apr. 14, 1894)470. Nhb.Hebangs
them a' for pith an' speed, Midford Coll. Sngs. (1818) 6 ; Gin nor
Coniac, Nor aw the choicest wines to back. Can bang Newcastle
beer, man, Oliver Local Sngs. (1824) 8; Could bang them a' at
threesome reels, Wilson Pitman's Pay (1843) 42 ; But we'll awa'
to Coquet side For Coquet bangs them a'. Coquet Dale Sngs. (1852)
46 ; Nhb.' Bradford breedless, Harnham heedless, Shaftee pick at
the craa ; Capheaton's a wee bonny place, But Wallin'ton bangs
themaa, OWFc»-sf. The Reenes,an"the Riding, LanghaughandThe
Shaw, Bellingham Bogglehole bangs them a'. These rude rh^'mes
were frequently repeated at the hirings in allusion to the relative
merits of the various ' places.' Some of them conveyed a warning
of 'bad meat houses' — that is, where scant rations prevailed.
Dur.i Cum. Sooner shall urchins bang swuft hares in race,
Clark Poems (1779) Roger-, The cock-feghts are ninth o' neist
month: I've twee, nit aw England can bang them, Anderson Z?rt//rtrfs
(1805) 7 ; That beats all that ever I heard — bangs Banager. as we
say on the fells, Linton Lizzie Lorton (1867) xiii ; Canny auld
Cummerlan' bangs them aw still (M.P.) ; Cum.' He was bad to
bang. Wm. I think imme mind I cud bang awth ward in a horn-
pipe, Wheeler Dial. (1790) 43, ed. 1821 ; An ye'll net fin' a robber
Can bang a horse jobber, BownessS/»(/. (i868j Jitnniy Green. St. 3 ;
Wm.i Thoo bangs Lang-croon, an he banged the Divvel. Yks. Tha
bangs t'doU, and t'doU banged t'devil [old expression], Yks. IVklv.
Po5/ (July 28, 1883 1. n.Yks. (I.W.) e.Yks.l That bangs cock-
fi'tin'. w.Yks. Hlfa. IVds. ; w.Yks.' He bangs aw, quite an clear,
at I ivvcrhceard tell on. ii.309. Lan. It bangs boath play-heawse,
fair, an' wakes. Ridings Muse (1853) 25 ; That's wheere aw'm
banged, Staton /?!iWs(i888) 10 ; Thi banglungjim e Ratchda, un
he kud reytch o kake awf bradefleyk wi his meawth, Sam Sand-
knocker, pt. iii. 10. n.Lan. Joni bangs o' t'skul at hiz buks (J.S.\
Lan.' Well, that bangs o' 'at ever aw seed i' mi life. neXan.',
e.Lan.l m.Lan.' This Dickshonary bangs Sam Johnson's o to
pieces. Chs.' ^ ; Chs.^ I'll warrant I'll bang thee. s.Chs.' It
did-nu maat-ur wot ky'eynd u tai'lz dhai bruwt aayt, eyid baangg'
um vvidh u bct'ur [It didna matter what keind o' tales they browt
ait, he'd bang 'em with a better]. Stf.' ; Stf.^ Didst the se them
foirwurks last noight ? The banged aa as iver oi sed afore. Der.^
That bangs a'. nwDer.' Lin. It banged all I had ever seen. Brown
Lit. Laur. (1890) 47. n.Lin.' A squire having asked a farmer some
quest ions as to the best way of cultivating his land received for a reply,
' Well, sir, God's seasons bangs all manigement.' War. (J.R.W.)
Shr.^This'n bangs yours. e.An.* s.Cy. Grose (1790 . Hmp.' That
bangs me. Slang. It was good stuff and good make at first, and
that's the reason why it always bangs a slop, because it was good
to begin with, Mavhew Loud. Labour (1851) II. 41, ed. 1861 ;
Farmer.
8. iiilrans. To move, work, speak, &c., with rapidity, to
rush violently ; sometimes with preps, out. at, and along.
Sc. Her bang'd to the door (Jam.). Bnflf.i He thocht he hid
nacthing mair adee nor choose a text, munt the poopiet. an' bang
aff. Abd, For bleed frae's mou' and niz [nose] did bang.
Skinner Amusements (1809) 6. Fif. .Syne wi' a majestic air she
banged cot o' tlie kitchen, McLaren TiObie (iSg^) 84. Lnk. Blithe
wald I bang out o'er the brae, Ramsay Poems (1727) 393, cd.
1800 ; With a defiant sparkle in her spectacles banged out at the
door. Eraser Wliaups (1895) iv. Nhb.' Then helter skelter in we
bang, Wilson Pitman's /'av ( 1829) pt. iii. 84. Cum. Gl. ( 1851 ).
e.Yks.' w.Yks. To study which rooad we must bang, Barnsley chap
e Lunnon 1 1862) 7 ; Thah'm bang at an' it'll sooin be done, Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Aug. i, 189I1; w.Yks.i ne.Lan.' She bang'd out
o' t'dure, and we saa na mcyar on lier. Lei.' A banged along a
good un [went at a good pace]. Nhp.i A person who rides or walks
fast is said to ' bang along.' She banged out of the room ; Nhp.*,
War. (J.R.W.\ War.2
9. With prep, up : to start from one's seat or bed.
Sc. Quick bang'd they up their heads to glowr, A. Scott Poems
(1811)68; Winna yere honour bang up? Scott Jf'nyo/cy (1814)
xliv. Abd. Ajax bangs up, whase targe was shught In seven
fald o' hide, Forbes Aja.y: (1742) 3 ; Lindy bangs up and flang his
snood awa, Ross Hclenore (1768) 12, ed. 1812. Lth. Time's fleein'
— nicht's deein' — Bang up, ye claverin' wives ! An' speed ye.
Smith Merry Bridal [i866', 16. Edb. The gummeril bangt up in
a huff an ran oot at the door (W. G.). Cum. The fiddlers bang'd
up on their legs, Stagg Bridewain (1808) St. 41.
10. Term used in salmon-fishing : to push off with the
boats at random, without having seen any fish in the
channel.
Hence Banging, vbl. sb. the act of fishing in this
manner.
Abd. When they are deprived of sight, and can only fish by
banging. State Leslie of Powis (1805") 102 (Jam.).
11. With prep. off. Of a weaving loom : to stop of its
own accord when it is not in time, and when the shuttle
does not open the swell of the shuttle-box far enough.
w.Yks. (J.M.)
12. With prep. /or: to stand godfather or godmother to
a cWld.
Dor. (C.K.P.) [Unknown to all our other correspondents.]
[1. My master beats like any Turk, He bangs me most
severely, Carey (c. 1713) Sally in our Alley: To bang or
beat, caedere,fustigare, verberare, Robertson Phras. (1693) ;
The desperate tempest hath so bang'd the Turks, Shaks.
0th. II. i. 21 ; To bangue, //<s/;^«rc. Levins Manip. (1570).]
BANG, adj. and adv. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also written bang w.Yks.
1. adj. Vehement, violent.
Rxb. A bang fire (Jam.).
2. Agile and powerful.
Sc. She's a bang sonsy wench, Tweeddale Moff (1896) 204.
n.Sc. He's a bang chield, that [he's a strong active man] (W.G.).
Hdg. Bang men and folk wha'd striven . . . Cried 'heuch,'
Lu.msden Sheep Head, 7. Rxb. (Jam.)
3. adv. Quite, altogether, right ; ^f«. used in conjunction
with adv. tip, through, &c.
n.Sc. He sent a stone bang throuw the window (W.G.'). e.Yks.'
Ah dhruv nail in, bang up tiv heaad. Hoss bolted off and ran
bang-up ageean wall. w.Yks. Went beng-up to him and akst him,
Banks IVkjld. Jf'rfs. (1865) ; w.Yks.s An arrow wings its way beng-
up to the bull's-eye. One person goes beng-up to another and
knocks him down. Lin. Steevie be right good manners bang
thruf to the tip o' the taail, Tennyson Spinster's Sweet-arts (1885)
St. 10. n.Lin.' I've a saage tree grawin bang up e' yon corner.
Oxf.' I'll go bang off, MS. add. Brks.' Thee'd best go bang
avv.iay. Dav. Aun, aun, ha urn'd, bang auver stiles, Nathan
Hogg Poet. Lett, (1847) 64, ed. 1858. Cor. 'Tvvas jist like ten
hunderds o' thousands o' millions o' sodgers gwain bang awver us !
Pasmore Stories i 1893) 6 ; Us trundled mun both right bang into
Truro, into the Red Lion yard, it). 7.
4. Suddenly, abruptly.
Lnk. He hadn't been a day there till bang went saxpence. Eraser
JVhaiips (1895) XV. Dev. A wackin girt stone com'd up bang gin
ma nauze, Nathan Hogg Poet. Lett. (1847) 22, ed. 1865.
5. Comb, (i) Bang-dollop, the entire collection, the
whole number ; (2) — full, brimful, quite full ; (3) — out,
altogether, thoroughly; (4) -swang, headlong, without
thought.
I i) e.Sc. They're careless hussies the whole bang-dollop o' them,
Seioun Sunshine (1895) 186. (2) Myo. The chist was a heavy
wan — an iron chist bang full up iv goold ! Stoker Snake's Pass
(i8gO ii. Yks. Yks. N. & Q. (1888) II. 14. (3) Sus. I wish some-
body would take one of these bub-bub-bats, and hide me bub-bub-
bang out, Egerton Flks. and Ways (1884) 13. (4) Shr.'
BANG-A-BONK, phr. Stf. To sit lazily on a bank.
Stf.' [Not known to our correspondents.]
BANG ABOUT, phr. Lan. A game known also as
' Please or displease,' see below.
Lan. Both an indoor and outdoor game. In the former case the
players, with one exception, would be seated round a room,
generally having a scramble for seats, the last to be placed, or the
one unaccommodated, having to stand in the centre, holdinga hand-
BANG-BEGGAR
[153]
BANGLE
kerchief knotted at one end. Then the seated players beckoned
to one another to change places, the knotted kerchief being freely
phed on those crossing the room, unless the wiclder could slip
into a seat and so relinquish the post of banger. The outdoor
game was something similar, the players standing either in oppo-
site rows or in a ring, Manch. City AVifs(June 20, 1896) ; The
mode of playing is for the company, one sex, say the females,
each to sit down on a chair and choose a partner, who goes and
sits upon her knee until the chairs are filled. Each female is
asked by the banger if she is satisfied with her partner. If she
answers in the affirmative, she shows the company that she is so
satisfied by kissing her partner. On the second circle she calls out
the name of another male in the company, who has to answer the
call by hastening to the knee of the female who has called, so that
the two men must hasten to change places. During this time of
changing, the banger lays his knout about the backs of these two
cliangers. [Later] the chairs are changed, and a female banger
takes the place of the male banger; the females sit upon the knees
of the males, and the operation of changing seats and banging
the changers is repeated, ib. ; Engaged in the games of . . . bang
about and shedding copies, Harland & Wilkinson Flk-Lore
(1867) 255; We play'd ut blindmon's buff, bang-abeawt, an' a lot
mooar games, Ferguson MoiiHyivaip, 30.
BANG-BEGGAR, sb} Sc. Irel. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der.
1. A beadle, constable, or parish officer ; a verger, an
apparitor. See Ban-beggar.
Sc. Mackay. Dmf. (Jam. ) Ir. Previous to the introduction of
the Poor-laws there was in the towns of Belfast and Ballymena
a kind of beadle called a bang beggar, N. & Q. \ 18701 4th S. vi.
279. w.Yks. I'll sing the bang-beggar through bang-beggar rage,
A'. & Q. (18701 4th S. vi. 306. Lan. We'rn o bnwtin streyght in
us bowd us bangbeggurs, Ormerod Felley fro Rachde 1,1851) iii ;
Just then owd Pudge, th" bangbeggar, coom runnin' into th' pew,
an' he fot Dick a souse at back o' th' yed wi' his silver-nobbed
pow, Waugh Barrel Organ (1865) 29 ; Now, thou'rt as grand as
a parish bang-beggar, ib. Chinin. Corner (1874) 85, ed. 1879 ;
Another uU walk alongside ov 'em wi' two long powls, like two
church bangbeggars, Aciriiiglon Obs. (Feb. 2, 1895I 3, col. 7;
There is a bang-beggar attached to the chapel of St. John's,
Bury. On Sundays he wears a livery of blue coat and silver
buttons, pink plush knee-breeches, white silk stockings, and cocked
hat ; he carries a formidable mace, N. & Q. (18701 4th S. vi. 514 ;
Lan.l e.Lan.* One who drives children or other trespassers from
church doors during divine service. Chs.'^^ D^t. Grose (1790) ;
Der.i nw.Der.l
2. Covip. Bangbeggar-hal], a town-hall.
w.Vks. From Bang beggar Hall, in a Bang beggar's cage I'll
sing the Bang-beggar, through Bang-beggar rage. A'. & Q. (1870)
4th S. vi. 306 ; w.Yks.^ At Bang-beggar hall he assembled his
train, Mather Siigs. S/ifffiild (i86a) 36.
3. A constable's stafi'.
Rxb. A powerful kent or rung (Jam.).
[Bang, vb. \ + beggar.}
BANG-BEGGAk, sb.'^ Der. A term of reproach :
a vagabond.
Der. (Hall.), nw.Der.'
[Bang, adj. 1 -f beggar.']
BANGE, sb. andV Hrt. e.An. [bendg-]
1. sb. Light, fine rain ; drizzle.
e.An.', Nrf.' Ess. Sich rains they'd had E'en banges wor
alarmers, Clark y. A^oafei (1839) 10; Gl. (1851) ; Ess.*
2. V. To drizzle.
Ess. (H.H.M.)
Hence Bangy, adj. Of weather : drizzling, overcast ;
misty ; stormy.
Hrt. Hrl. Merc. (July 14, 1888). e.An.' Ess. Grose (1700^
MS. add. 1 M.) ; It's not going to be wet, it's only banjy. A banjy
morning (M.J.I. C); Ess.'
[Batige, vb., repr. Fr. baigiter, to bathe, to wet ; cp. the
phr. ///"/ baii^iiepar la p/iiiejiisqnes a lapeaii. Sec Bainge.]
BANGER, A-i.i Lan. War. Shr. Ilrf Brks. [ba'q3(r),
baB'r)3(r).] A violent blow.
ne.Lan.', War. (J.R.W.) Shr. , Hrf. He gave me such a banger.
Bound Prov. (18761. Shr.' I gid 'im sich a banger as 'e i56nna
forget in a 'urry ; Shr.^ Fat him a banger uv his yed. Brks.' A
banger on the yead.
[Bang, vb. 1 -f -er.]
BANGER, s6.2 In gen. dial. use. [ba-r|3(r), bae;r)3(r).]
1. Anything very large in proportion to the rest of its kind.
VOL. I.
N.Cy.', Nhb.' Cum.' It is a banger. Wm.' That's a banger.
n.Yks. (l.W.) e.Yks.' That apple's a banger, MS. add. T.H.)
w.Yks. I'liat horse is a banger iJ.T.) ; Shoo is a banger [beng'rj
slioo'll du as mitch wark as two fowk {JE.B. •, w.Yks.', e Lan.',
nw.Der.', Not.' n.Lin.' Well really them swciides is bangers.
I nivetseed noht like it. Lei.', War.^ Shr.* Used especially of a
woman. Molly's a banger. Brks.' e.An." Especially applied to
young animals. Of a fine child the nurses say, ' He is a banger.'
Nrf.' What a bonnka that there mawlha [girl] dew grow [s. v.
Banging]. s.Dev. Fox Kingsbn'dge (iSt^). Cor. Esn't he a banger,
Tregellas Tales (i860) 50; You've aput a twister, this time,
an' no mistake. — I reckoned it a banger, ' Q.' Three Ships (1890)
iv ; Cor.' =
2. A big lie, an obvious falsehood.
ne.Lan.' n.Lin.' Noo then, Jim, noan o' your bangers, re-
member it's Sunda'. Lei.', Nhp.', War.', Brks.'
[Bang, vb. 6 (to surpass) +-er.]
BANGER, sb.^ Shr. A pitchfork with three prongs.
Shr.' A three ' grained ' pikel used for ' gathering scutch.'
BANGIE, sb. Ayr. A policeman, a constable.
Ayr. In Annan, when threatening bo3'S with the police for mis-
conduct, it is said, ' I'll send the bangle eftir ye,' N. & Q. 1870)
4th S. vi. 398.
[A dim. of hang-beggar (sb '), q.v.]
BANGIE, ai/j. Sc' Irritable, quarrelsome, pettish.
Sc. Mackav. Abd. iJam.); (J.W.M.)
[Bang.sb.^l-i'-ie (->).]
BANGING, pp/. adj. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Der. Lin. Nlip.
War. Glo. Brks. e.An. s.Cy. l.W. Dor. Som. Dcv. Cor.
AlsowrittenbanginNhb.'e.Yks.'nw.Der.'Hrks.' ; bangen
Dor.' ; bangong Glo.' ; bangun I.W.' [barjin. baeqin.]
An expletive expressive of size : large, huge ; freq. used
in conjunction with great.
Nhb. And wi' a bangin' glass o' rum. We finished off as it struck
two, Wilson Pilnian's Pay ed. 1843) 53 '• Nhb.' A bangin' lass.
Wm. A throstle-nest hat. wi a girt banging white fedther in't.
Spec. Dial. (1877! Jotmy Shippard. e.Yks.' A great bangin
apple. w.Yks. A gurt strappin bcngin wommon, Yksnia}!. Comic
Ann. (1881) 28. Der.'' A banging lie. nw.Der.', n.Lin.', Lei.'
Nhp.' What a banging child. We've got a banging pudding for
dinner to-day. War. A banging lot on 'em iJ.B. ; War.^,
Glo.' Brks.' He gin I a bangin' helpin" o' plum puddcn. e.An.',
Nrf.' s.Cy. Grose (17901. I.W.' He's a bangun gurt buoy.
Dor. Roberts Hist Lyme Regis 1834 ; Dor.' A bangen girt
apple. w.Som.' AI\va\'s used with 'guurt.' U guurt bang'een raat
[a great banging rat]. Dev. Ya gurt thonging banging muxy
dravvbreech, E.xnt. Scold. (1746) 1. 6; I'll write thur, deer Jan,
a banging girt letter, Nathan Hogg PocI. Lett. 1847) 8, ed.
1865 ; I've jist a-zced a banging gert otter down tha river. Us
chell 'ave brave sport, Hf.wett Peas. Sfi. 11892) 49. n.Dev.
Grose (1790I MS. add. yC) e.Dev. Th' bangin" trout be on th' feed,
Pulman SMchcs 1,1842) 21, ed. 1853. Cor. Used at Polperro,
N. (Tr- O. 1854 ist S. X. 179 ; Cor.=
[Sec Bang, v. 6.]
BANGLE, sb. War. Wor. [bas'i]!.] The cut branch of
a tree, the larger piece of wood in a faggot.
War.2, s.War.' se.Wor. Porson Quaint ll'ds. (1875) ; se.Wor.'
Branches not less than six inches in diameter.
[Bangle (a local word), a large rough stick, Ash (1795).
A der. of bang, sb.* Cp. Du. bengel, a logg of wood or
timber (Hexham).]
BANGLE, V. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Not. e.An.
[ba'nl, bas'r)!.]
1. To waste, squander, fritter away.
w.Yks.=, Chs.' 23^ stf.' Der.' To bangle away money.
2. To rnniblc without a fixed purpose, to bustle about
awkwardly and fruitlesslj'.
e.Lan.', Not.^ e.An. A bangling hawk is one that beats to and
fro in the air to little purpose, instead of rising upwards and
securing its prey by a single swoop, A'. &= Q. (1878) 5th S. x.
409.
Hence Bangling, vbl. sb. hanging about, wandering
idly.
w.Yks. Aw feel it soa strange dooin nowt, This banglin abeawt
chills mi blood. Warty Rhymes (1894"! 31.
3. To droop, to hang down, as the brim of a hat, or corn
beaten by the wind.
e.An. A'. & Q. (1878) 5th S. x. 409 ; e.An.' When cocked hats
were worn, one of the sides was sometimes let down to protect
X
BANGLED UP
[154]
BANISTER
the face of the wearer. The hat was said to be bangled. Also
said of a round hat with a broad and loose brim, such as is worn
bj' Quakers. Also applied to the young shoots, or more par-
ticularly the broad leaves of plants, when they droop under heavy
rain or strong sunshine. Nrf. Trans. Pliil. Soc. 11858) 147 ; Nrf.^
Hence Bangelled, />//. adj. knocked about, hustled.
Der. (L.W.)
[1. Thus betwixt hope and fear . . . we bangle away
our best days, befool out our times, Burton Anai. Mel.
(1621), ed. 1836, 181. 2. Cp. the use in MHG. : bengehi,
'hin- und herschweifen ' (Lexer). — Bangle is a freq. of
fc;;^(vb.),q.v.]
BANGLED UP, pp. Hrt. Covered.
Hrt. All bangled up wi' slud [mud], Cussans Hist. Hrt. (1879-
81) III. 320.
BANGNUE, sb. Obs. ? Slk. Rxb. (Jam.) A great fuss
about something trivial ; much ado about nothing. [Not
known to our correspondents.]
BANGREL, sb. Sc. Also in the form bangree. An
ill-natured, ungovernable woman.
Sc. Mackay. Slk. (Jam.)
\Ban^, vb. 4- -rel. For the suff. cp. gangrel, mongrel.]
BANGSOME, adj. Sc. Quarrelsome.
Sc. Mackay. Abd. Some red their hair, some main'd their
banes. Some bann'd the bangsome billies, Skinner C/tristmas
Bding, ed. 1805 (Jam.") ; (J.W.'ftl.)
[Bans;, sb.' \ + -sonie.\
BANGSTER, sb. Obs. ? Sc. Also written bangister,
bangeister.
1. A bully, a rough, violent fellow.
Sc. The bangisters will ding them down, Scott Minstrehv
(iSoa) I. 223, ed. 1803 ; Ashamed ilk bangster o' himsell. Drum-
MOND Muckonmchy (1846) 63 ; Herd Sags. (1776) Gl. Abd. We'll
naething be afore yon bangsters bauld, Ross Helenore (1768; 131,
ed. 1812.
Hence Bankstership, sb. force, violence.
S. & Ork.' Through bankstership, by force, without permission.
2. A victor, a conqueror.
Sc. If the Pope's champions are to be bangsters. Scott Abbot
{1820 I xix ; If you are so certain of being the bangster, . . . what
harm will Miss Clara come to by your having the use of her siller?
ib. Ronan (1824^ x. Slk. (Jam.)
[Proude ambitious bangsters, Leg. Bp. St. Andrews
(c. 1570) in Scot. Poems xtth C. (i8oi) II. 326 (N.E.D.).
Bans;, vb. -1- -ster.'\
BANGSTRA-W, sb. Obs. ? Lin. One who threshes
with a flail ; said to be applied also to a thatcher or any
farm-servant.
n.Lin.' We've no bangstravvs noo as we ewst to hev afoore
threshin' machines cum'd up ; A nick-name for a thresher, but
applied to all the servants of a farmer (1) (,Hall.)
[Bang, \h. + straiv.]
BANG-UP, sb. Chs. Stf Der. [ba'ij-up.] A substitute
for yeast, made of hops, sugar, and flour ; sometimes
potatoes are also used.
Clis.i It is not often used now that German yeast can be bought
at every village shop. s.Chs.', Stf.'^, Der.^, nw.Der.l
BANG-UP, adj Yks. Lan. Lin. Lei. War.
1. Smart, fine, well-dressed, in first-rate condition, quite
up to the mark.
w.Yks. A dahnreyt.upreyt beng-upchap. Nut mich unlike mysen,
Preston Poems (1864) Nat/enn' Nan; w.Yks.^ One splendidly,
though becomingly, dressed or adorned, is *beng-up, fursure ! '
' Beng-up fur owt ! ' a spectator remarks [in good trim and con-
dition]. Lan. They'n getten a bang-up Union, Gaskell M. Barton
(1848) viii. n.Lin.* Bang-up is sometimes used as a nickname for
a person who represents himself as very strong, powerful, or rich.
Lei.' War.3 A bang-up wedding. Slang. His spotted neckcloth
knotted in bang-up mode. Lever Jack Hinton (1844I vii ; But all
the' regidar bang-up fakes' are manufactured in the ' Start ' [metro-
polis], Mayhew Z.o;/(/. Labour (i&^i) \. ■^12. Cant. Such a bang-up
cove as your fancy man, Ainsworth Rook-wood (,1834 ) bk. in. ii.
2. Honourable, upright, straightforward, punctual. Also
used advb.
e.Yks.' He's a bang-up chap ; he awlas meeans what he says.
w.Yks. A beng-up chap, Banks fWyyrf. iVds. (1865); If Ah pay
tha nah, there munbe no shufflin, tha'll hae to act beng-up (S.K.C).
n.Lln.i He's chollus e' his talk, but he's bang up at sattlin' daay.
[1. The best portrait of a species which, though almost
extinct, cannot yet be quite classed among the Palaeo-
theria, the bang-up Oxonian, R. Whately in Quart. Rev.
(1844) XXIV. 368; Dance a bang-up theatrical cotillion,
H. & J. Smith Rej. Addr. (1812) ed. 1817, 123. The
prop. mg. is bang (or close) up to a fine ; see Bang, adj.
and adv.]
BANGY, sb. and adj. Slang, [bae ndgi, bse'qgi.]
1. sb. Brown sugar.
Slang. Word used at Winchester School, Shadwell IVvke,
S/a«^i 1859-1864) ; Adams IVykehamua (1878) 41 (^Cope) ; (,E.F.)
2. adj. Brown.
Slang. Shadwell Wyke. Slang (1859-1864); Bangy bags, or
brown trousers, are also called bangies, IVm. Sch. Gl. (Cope) ;
(E.F.) ; So universally was the term bangy used to designate
a brownish hue that a gate of that colour at Win. Coll. . . . was
called the Bangy Gate, Farmer.
BANGY AL, see Banyel.
BANIAN, sb. n.Irel. 'Written banyan N.I.^ A
flannel jacket still worn by Carlingford oystennen and
fishermen.
N.I. I CoUoq. The name at the R.M. Academy, Woolwich,
thirty years ago, for a lounging jacket or short dressing-gown of
light blue flannel, issued to the cadets as part of their uniform,
which could be worn in their barrack-rooms, N. & Q. (1890) 7th
S. X. 77.
[His banyan with silver clasp wrapt round His
shrinking paunch. Graves Spir. Qui.x. (1773) XI. iv. (D.av.) :
I have lost nothing by it but a banj'an shirt, a corner of
my quilt, and my bible singed, Sufferings of a Dutch Sailor
(1725) in Harl. Misc. VIII. 297 (Dav.). A loose gown of
flannel worn in India, fr. Port, banian (cp. Ar. banyan),
a Hindoo trader, esp. one fr. the province of Guzerat.]
BANIAN-DAY, sb. Yks. Lan. "Won Ken. Naut.
[ba'nyan, baenyan.] A day when little or no food is to
be had, or when the scraps remaining from the previous
days are consumed.
n.Yks.' Also called Little-fare day. Lan.' The day when the
week's odds-and-ends are eaten up. At Goosnargh. pronounced
Banny-ann-day. [At the beginning of this century-] there were
often six upon four aboard ship, and two banyan days in a week,
i. e. the rations for four men were served out amongst six, in
addition to which, on two days out of the week, no rations were
served out at all, Dy. News (Mar. 17, 1874'). se.'Wor.' Monday,
plenty ; Tuesday, some ; Wednesday, a little ; Thursday, none ;
Friday, Banyan day ; Saturday, go home. Ken. I am sorry you
have come to-day, it's banyan-day with us (H.M.I ; Very common
(P.M.) ; Ken.' Saddaday is a banyan-day. — What do'ye mean ? —
Oh ! a day on which we eat up all the odds and ends. Slang. Oh,
Sir ! you little knows what I've suffered ; many a banj'an day
I've had in my little room, Mayhew Land. Labour (1851) I. 360.
Naut. Those days in which the sailors have no flesh meat,
A'. & Q. ' 18521 ist S. V. 442.
[Banian-day (a cant word among sailors), a fast day,
a day on which no flesh is allowed, Ash (i795); They
told us that on Mondays, "Wednesdays, and Fridays the
ship's company had no allowance of meat, and that these
meagre days were called banyan days. . . . They take their
denomination from a sect of devotees in some parts of
the East Indies who never taste flesh, Smollett Rod.
Random (1748) xxv (Dav.). See Banian.]
BANISH, V. Wm. Ess. Hmp. Dor. [ba-nij, baenij.]
1. To forbid the house, to turn out of doors.
Wm.l
2. To drive away with violence, to assault violently.
Hmp. He banished him wi' clots [pelted him with pieces of turf]
(H.C.M.H.). Dor. The boys set upon him as became out of school
and banished him. They threw stones till they banished the
door (C.K.P.).
BANISTER, sb. Obs. Yks. A hamper in which
charcoal used to be carried to the furnaces.
Yks. A large sort of hamper in use for the carrying of charcoal
to the furnaces on horseback, one on each side a horse, Yis.
Diaries (1732) 311 (Dav.).
[Of Fr. origin. Cp. Banastre, ' manne, long panier,'
Lespy Diet. Be'arnais. Pro v. banastre, banaste, bcnate,
' panier ou manne qu'on met sur le dos d'un ane, mesure
BANISTY
[155]
BANK
pour le charbon de terre,' Roquefort. Walloon btiiale
' panier d'osier,' baniielte 'panier dc boulangcr,' Remacle
(s.v. Bdslai). Sp. banns/a. MLat. hanasia, ' cista rotunda
et oblonga ... ex palea contorta. . . . Quandoquc duae
huiusmodi cistae ad utrumque latus equi clitellarii appo-
nuntur,' Uucange.]
BANISTY, sb. Nhb. Wm. Also written benisty
Nhb.' In phr. under banis/y, secretlj', surreptitiously.
Also in children's rhyme for the game of hide-and-seek.
Nhb. She remarked that she might have removed some furniture
of hers from a house without the knowledge of the owner, but
would not do so under benisty (M.H.D.) ; Nhb.' What is forbidden,
or 'banned,' is termed 'done under banisty." Wm. An old
doggerel runs as follows — Bogley, bogley, bunisty, Thee find me
An' I'll seek thee, Bogley, bogley, bunisty (B.K.).
BAN JIE, sb. Sc. A great number ; gen. appl. to a
rude, disorderly mob. See Bang, sb.^, Banyel.
Bnfif ' Sic a banjie o' loons.
BANJOBILL, sb. Nrf. The Spoonbill, Spalula cty-
peala.
Nrf. CozensHardy Broad Nrf. (1893) 43.
BANK, sA.i Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Rut.
Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Brks. Bck. Bdf. e.An. Ken. I.W.
[baqk, ba6i]k, boi)k; w.Yks. ber)k.]
1. A hill, a hill side, a slope ; sloping, undulating ground.
Nhb. There was of course ' t'bank to dim,' as the parishioners
who lived above expressed it, s.Tyjiedate Studies {1896) iv.
n.Yks. It is impossible ... to conceive adequately of what is
meant by a ' dale ' without having brought before the mind's eye
the sleep or abrupt slopes or * banks ' which on either side must
aid in its constitution or formation, Atkinson Moorl. Parish
(189O 185 ; n.Yks.i A brant bank, a steep hill. ne.Yks. iC.E.F.)
w.Yks.^ A hill, especially where crossed by a road, e Lan.',
Stf.' 2 Wor. See 'ow that pony takes the banks iW H.). s.Wcr.
PoRSOV Quaint U'ds. iiS-iz) Shr.', Hrf.2 Glo. Sloping fields,
the sides of vallej's, known as ' thaay banks' iSS.B.); Glo ' A
railway incline, or a piece of rising ground in a field, would be
called a bank. Ken. Banks, such as those near Dover. I worked
once upon some banks just like these (W.F.S.i.
2. The road up a steep hill-side.
Nhb ' A steep road or street. Butcher Bank, Byker Bank,
Lang Bank, &c. n.Yks. The terribly steep ' bank,' or hill side
road, which rises like a house-roof on the side of Stonegate Gill,
Atkinson Moorl. Parish (18911 40 ; n.Yks.' T'bank's desput sleeap
wiv ice, t'moorn. w.Yks.^ Almondbury Bank, Farnley Bank, &c.
Shr.' Mr. Gitlins o* Churton 'ad a prime mar' spiled the tother
day gwci'n down Welbich bonk. Glo. A smartish bank (S.S.B.'i.
3. pi. Precipitous rocks, or crags.
Sh.I. (Coll. L.L.B.) S. & Ork.'The lofty cliffs which the crags-
man climbs in search of wild-fowl and their eggs.
4. An ant-hill.
Bdf. Called also, mouldy banks, Batchelor Anal. Eng. Lang.
(1809).
Hence Banking, sb. the process of removing ant-hills.
Rut. The occupiers have 'destroyed the ant-hills here called
banking the land,' Rcf>. Agric. Surv. (i'J93 1813) 13. Bck.
Marshall Rfvieto(\Sn) IV. 541.
5. A beach ; also in pi., the sea-shore.
Sh.I. Shu gae dee ta me at da banks. Burgess Raswif {j8gi) 25.
e.An.' Nrf. (AG.); rraxs. P//;/. 5o(-. ( 1 855 , 29 : Nrf.' Suf. Off
Orford, divided from it by the river Ore, is a long and narrow
peninsula, the 5. end of which is often called the bank. It is not of
sand, but is covered with large stones rounded by the action of
the waves. No other beach on the Suf. coast is ever called a bank
(F.H.X
6. Any limited area, such as that occupied by farm
buildings and homestead ; the premises.
Chs.' Uppo' th' bonk. s.Chs.' A housemaid will speak of
cleaning the kitchen as ' gy'efin ur bongk kleeun ' [gettin' her bonk
cleean] ; and a farmer who has driven a tramp from his premises
will say he has ' buwtid im of )th bongk ' [bowtcd him offthe bonk].
7. A section of peat that is being dug.
S. & Ork.i n.Lan. Griav sum [peat] off dhat hcimar benk
(W.b.).
8. (a) The mouth of a pit-shaft and the adjoining sur-
face ; the part of the mine which is above ground.
Nhb. But, spite o' rank, aw cum te bank Is happy is a king,
RoBSON Evangeline (1870) 333; You ask for eight hours from
bank to bank, Dy. Chron. (Feb. i r, i8g6) 6, col. 7 ; Nhb.' At bank.
Nhb., Dur. GREtNWELL Coat Tr. Gt. f I84g^ ; To draw yourcoals to
bank, Conipleal Collier (ijo8) 12. [Hours of labour are reckoned
from bank to bank ; that is, the time is reckoned from leaving the
surface to returning to the surface, Gt. Lab. • 1894).]
Hence Bonkie, sb. a girl employed on the bank as a
banksman is.
Shr.'
(b) Comb. Bank men, men employed on the surface of
a coal-pit.
Nhb., Dur. Nicholson Coat Tr. Gt. (1888).
{c) A working place from 3 to 20 yds. wide, grn. driven
'on the bord,' i.e. at right angles to the cleavage of
the coal.
w.Yks. fS.J.C.)
9. A pottery manufactory.
Stf.' =
10. Comp. (i) Bank-cress, Barbarea praecox; (2)
•manager, in a colliery : a man who is manager on the
pit-bank; (3) -rider, see below; (4) -thyme, wild thyme,
Thymus serpyllnin.
(tl I.W. So called from its growing on hedge banks, B. & H.
(2 n.Stf. (J.T.) (3) Nhb., Dur. Bank-riders are men who ride the
coal-wagons or trucks moving on self-acting inclines, or inclines
worked by ropes and hauling engines, on the surface or 'bank'
of a pit (T.E.F.\. (4-1 Brks. B. & H.
[1. Banke of an hill, procliuitas. Levins Manip. ^1570) ;
To reste Vnder a brod banke bi a bourne syde, /'. Plowman
(a.) Prol.8. 4. We suppose a bank of hill ants to amount
to six thousand, Gould Eug. Ants (1747) 76 IN.E.D.).
5. Liliis, the sea banke : lande lying by the sea. Cooper
(1565); Banke of [e see, liliis. Prompt.; He sette ones
. . . his chaierin [le banke of \c see, Trevisa Higdeii 1 1387)
Rolls Ser. VII. 135.— ON. iahk-i (for older banke), ridge,
bank of river, &c. ; cp. Dan. Imkke, hillock, rising ground.
EFris. bank (in sandbank) (Koolman).]
BANK, 5i.= Obsol. Sc. Yks. Dor. Also written
baenk S. & Ork.' ; beck w.Yks.' A bench, usually of
stone.
S. & Ork.' w.Yks. A stone bench, often seen at the cottage
door for the housewife's use. Seldom heard now, though twenty
or thirty years ago it formed part of the every-day speech of
working people, Leeds Merc. Su/'pt. Jan. 3, 1891) ; A bench on
which masons face or dress stones, Hljx. IVds. ; (J.T. ; w.Yks.'
Dor. I can work the stone better if I put him on a bank ^C.W. '.
[Banc, a bench, bank, form, seat. . . . Bancetle, a little
bench or bank, Cotgr. ; Stod uppen ane boncke (v.r.
benche), Lajamon (c. 1205) 25185. OE. banca, bench
(in Iw-hanca), cp. OFr. banc ; OFris. bank (Richthofen) ;
MHO. banc (Lexer).]
BANK,!'.' Nhb. Dur. Lan. Stf. Lin. 'War. Oxf Dev.
Cor. |bar)k, b£er)k.]
1. With piep. lip: trans. To heap or pile up.
n stf. Said of coal when piled up on the pit bank (J.T.V n.L:n.'
Th' muck was bank'd up three foot high agaain Botlesworth
Chech wall. Oxf.' To bank up the fire, to put a chump of wood
and a heap of small coal at the back of the fire, MS. add. Dev.^
I've agot tu bank up tha back oiize vire.
2. i)itr. Of clouds : to gather in masses.
ne.Lan.' ' It's banking up," spoken of clouds gathering. War.
(J.R.W.) Cor. Grose (1790, MS. add. (C.)
3. With prep, out : to ' teem ' coals into a heap as they are
drawn, instead of into the wagons.
Nhb.' Nhb., Dur. Nicholson ConI Tr. Gt. (1888).
1 2. Cp. the phr. 'a bank of clouds' for a long, flat topped
mass ot cloud lying just above the horizon. The word
bank is used in this sense in many Germ, and Scand.
dialects. Cp. Du. bank (Kluyver, 979), WFlem. bank
(De Bo). ON. bakki, heavy clouds in the horizon (Vic-
fusson) ; so Norw. dial. /»(j/'/r ( Aasen). G. Art«/fr (Sanders) ;
hence LG. bankcn, used of a bank of clouds (Berghaus).)
BANK, v.'^ Yks. Lan. Also written bonk w.Yks.*
[bar)k, beijk ; Lan. also bor|k.]
1. tntr. To become bankrupt, to fail.
n.Cy. Grose (1790^. Yks. Dunnot ye know 'at Turner's is
banked ? Taylor Miss Mites (18901 xv ; To help the pooir men
who's bankin', Fetherston Goorirodger (18701 29 ; Onnyhoo he
banked, and the bankin' broke his heart, ib. 32. w.Yks. He
X 2
BANK
[156]
BANNED
bankt varry sooin, Banks IVkfld. Wds. (1865) ; Ah'll be bank'd
— if ah sell thee sticks, Dixon Sharlbiini Fair (1871) 12 ; Th' old
Martin had bankt twice, Hartley Clock Aim. (1889) 44 ; w.Yks.^,
Hence Banker, one who becomes bankrupt.
w.Yks.3
2. Imits. To make bankrupt.
w.Yks.2 I've ommast bonked him [won all his marbles] ; w.Yks.^
Lan. Aw known nought abcawt it havin' banked som'dy afore,
but aw know it ud ha' soon banked me, Standing Echoes (1885) 15.
[An abbrev. oi bankrupt.]
BANK, v.^ ? Obs. Dev. To beat.
n.Dev. Grose ( 1790 1. [Unknown to our correspondents.]
BANK-COCKSIE, see Banky-featherpoke.
BANKER, sb} Yks. Stf. Lin. [ba-r)k3(r).]
1. A navvy, a drain- and ditch-digger.
e.Yks.' n.Lin. He leans hissen up agean pig-sty wall, an'
swears like a banker, Peacock Taales 1 1889I 102; n.Lin. ' The
judge and bar were puzzled by being told that a disreputable
fellow whom the police had found asleep under a straw-stack was
a banker. ' A banker,' exclaimed the judge. . . . ' Yes, sur, and he
is a banker, that I'll tak my bible oath on, for I seed him mellin'
doon kids at the stathe end not ower three weeks sin',' replied
the witness, Slaiii/ord Merc. (Aug. 7, 1874'!. sw.Lin.i Tom Otter,
who was hung in chains near Drinsey Nook in 1806, and whose
gibbet many can remember standing, is described as a banker.
2. A man who works on the pit-bank, as opposed to
miners working in the pit. Cf. banksman.
Stf.2 Iz i 3 bonkar, ar duz i w5rk i S' pit ?
[Bank, sb.^-h-fr.]
BANKER, sb.^ Aus. A flood or ' spate ' that rises to
the river-bank or above it.
[Aus., N.S.W. In the gully, at any moment the rain may fall in
the mountains, and the creek come down a banker, washing us
away, Clarke Valley Council (i8gi) v ; The river was high, had
come down ' a banker,' and any further rainfall at the head waters
, . . might bring down a flood, Boldrewood Colon. Reformer
(1890' III. x.xviii. ]
BANKER, sb? Yks. Lin. Nhp. Som. Cor. [ba-i)k3(r),
baenkair).]
1. The bench or rough table upon which a mason rests
the stone he is working.
Yks. fFWy. Po5/ Sept. 22, 1883', 3. w.Yks. (T.H.H.) ; Got.
three to four feet long, and usually improvised from a packing
case or a stout baulk sawn into three pieces iH.L. 1. n.Lin.',
Nhp.i w.Som.i A kind of rough erection upon which the stones
for building are dressed or nobbled.
Hence Bankert sand, phr. the sand made by masons
in working stone.
w.Yks. lllf.K. Wds.
2. Rough boards nailed together like a small door, used
by masons on a scaffold to hold their mortar ; also called
a mortar-spot.
■w.Som.i
3. One who hews rough stone into shape fit for walling.
w.Som.i Tom's the best banker ever I seed in my life.
4. A cushion.
Cor.^2 Bankers and Dorsars, cushions for seats and backs of
settles.
\Bank, %h? + -»r?^
BANiUFVhl., adj. p/iK Yks. Wor. Full to the brim,
quite filled up.
w.Yks. CuDwoRTH Hor/on f 1886) Gl. s.Wor. Said of a stream
when full to the brim, Porson OiiainI IVds. (,1875').
BANK-HOOK, sA. Shr.~Hrf. A large fish-hook, so
called from being baited and laid in brooks or running
water and attached by a line to the bank.
Shr., Hrf. Bound Prov. (1876). [Worlidge Syst. Agric.
(1669).]
BANKING MAN, phr. Lin. A navvy, or bank mender.
See Banker, s4.'
n.Lin.^
BANK- JUG, sb. Lei. Bdf. Also written bank-jugg
Lei.i
L The willow-wren or willow-warbler, Phylloscopus
trochilus.
Lei.' [SwAiNSON Birds (1885) a6 ; Johns Brit. Birds (1862}.]
2. The chiffchaff, Phylloscopus rufiis.
Bdf. Bank-bottle or -jug, from the shape and situation of its nest,
SwAiNsoN Birds (1885) 26. [Johns Brit. Birds (1862).]
\Bank, sb.^+jiig (the drinking-vessel).]
BANK-MARTIN, sb. 'Wil. The sand-martin, Cotile
ripaiia. See Bank-swallow.
Wil. Next day the eave-swallow appeared, and also the bank-
martin, Jefferies Hdgroiv. (1889) 215. [Forster Swallow (iSi-j)
n, ed. 6 ; Bank-martin, from its habit of excavating with its bill
a nest in the sandy banks, Swainson Birds (1885) 56.]
BANKROPE, sb. and -v. Sc. Irel. Also written bank-
rape Sc. ?
1. sb. A bankrupt.
n.Ir, In common use (M.B.-S.) ; N.I.^
2. V. To become bankrupt.
Sc. A wonder the whole city does not bankrape, and go out of
sicht, Lett. Jane IV. Carlylc I^Sept. i, 1834 1.
BANKROUT, sb. Obs. ? Dur. Cor. A bankrupt.
N.Cy.i Dur.i Nearly 06s. Cor.' 2
[A bankerout or bankrupt, dccocloi; Robertson Phras.
(1693) ; A bankrout, to turn bankrout. Coles (1679) ; Time
is a ver)' bankrout, Shaks. Com. En: (1623) iv. ii. 58 ; One
that hath riotously wasted his substance, a banqueroute,
dccodor, Baret (1580). Fr. banqueroute (in phr. faire
banqueroute). It. baiicardtta,a bankrupt merchant, Florid
(1611).]
BANKSIDE, s6. Nhb. Yks. The side of a slope.
Nhb.i n.Yks.i Ah seed him gannan' alang t'bank-side an' oop
til t'moor nae lang tahm syne,
BANKSMAN, sb. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Chs. Stf. Der. Shr.
Also written bonksman Shr.'^
1. IVlining term: the man who has control of the shaft
top. See Bank, sb.^ 8, Banker, sb.^
N. Cy, 1 Nhb. Smash ! a banksman or hewer, No not a fine
viewer, Durst jaw to the noble Bob Cranky, N. Minstrel 1.1806-7)
pt. iv. 77 ; There is a strict notice taken dayly by the said bancks-
men, if honest, of the filling of the corves with coals, Compleat
Collier (i-joS) 14 ; Nhb.' He regulates the descent of the pitmen,
lands the coals at the top of the pit, draws the full tubs from the cages,
and replaces them with emptj' ones. He also puts the full tubs to
the screens, and teems the coals. Nhb., Dur. Nicholson Coal
Tr.Gl.(i888\. w.Yks. Ht/.r. IVds. Stf.2 Der. Grose (1790, 71/S.
add. P. ; Der.^, nw.Der.', Shr.'^ [Banksmen also have charge of
the signals between the enginemen and the 'onsetter,' Gl. Lab.
(18941.]
2. The foreman in a salt mine.
Chs.l
BANKSTERSHIP, see Bangster.
BANK-S'WALLO'W, sb. w.Yks. Wor. See Bank-
martin.
w.Yks. Swainson Birds (1885") 56. w.Wor. Berrow's Jrn.
(Mar. 3. 1888).
BANKY, adj. Nhb. Yks. War. Shr. Hrf Written
bonky Shr.'
1. Of a field : uneven, full of ridges ; lying on a hillside.
n.Yks.' Aye, he's getten t'farm nane sae dear ; but there's a
vast o' banky land iv it. War. (J.R.W.) Shr.' I tell yo' a double
plough's no chonce i' them bonky pieces, they'n chuck it out spite
o' yore tith. Shr., Hrf. Bound Prov. (1876). Hrf.i A banky
piece, a field with banks in it ; Hrf.2
2. Of a road: hilly.
Nhb.' n.Yks.' T'rooad to Whitby's sair an* banky. w.Yks.
■ye see it's varra banky i' this countrie, Lucas Stud. Nidderdale
(c. 1882 232, Stf.2
[Bank, sb.' -f -y.]
BANKY-FEATHERPOKE, sb. Not. The willow-
wren, Phylloscopus trochilus.
Not.' This name is given to the bird because its nest is built in
a bank, preferably near water, and is literally a poke or bag of
feathers. It is also known as Bank-cocksie ; Not.*
BANNA, see Bannock.
BANNAT, sb. Irel. Well-sinker's term : building
material, like burned stone.
Ant. Also called Scrun"er (.W.H.P.V
BANNED, pp. Dev. [baend.] Of persons : having
had the banns of marriage published.
s.Dev. G.E.D.)
BANNEE
[157]
BANNOCK
BANNEE, V. Obsol. Dev. To contradict rudely.
n.Dev. Tlian tha wut chocklce and bannce, Exni. Scotd, (1746)
1. 233. Dev.3
BANNEL, sb. Cor. Tlie plant Sarolhamnus scoparius,
common broom.
Cor. Grose (i 790) MS. add. (C.) ; Quiller-Couch Hist. Polperro
(1871) 173 : Cor.'2
[A Celtic word. Cor. Inmal (Williams), OCor.
banathel, broom; OW. ban aM ; MBret. ba/aznnin; Bret.
balait. Sec Stokes Cor. Gl. in Trans. Phil. Soc. (1868)
144, and Stokes Urkell. Sprachsclt. (1894). Sec Baleise.j
BANNER, sb. Glo. [bae n3(r).] The stickleback,
Casttroskus trachurus.
Glo.'
[Ban-, oi banslickle -^ -er.'\
BANNERING, vbl. sb. Shr. [bffi'narin.] The custom
of perambulating the boundaries of a parish on Ascension
Day.
Shr. At Shrewsbury, the bounds-beating was called Bannering,
and was kept up annually till witliin the last thirty years. The
boys of the National Schools, accompanied by the churchwardens,
beadles, and sexton of each parish, used to set forth on Ascension
Day, making a hideous noise with penny trumpets, and carrying
long wands called Bannering poles, gaily tied with bunches of
flowers, BuRNE Flk-Lore (,1883 i 345 ; Shr.' ; Slir.* A number of
boys, headed by the inferior parochial authorities, walk round the
boundaries of a parish for the purpose of maintaining the local
jurisdiction and privileges. [Going the bounds of a parish on
Holy Thursday is in some parts of the kingdom call'd bannering,
Grose 1,17901 MS. add. (H.)]
[In one of Skelton"s Merie Tales the poet says to a
cobler, Neybour, you be a tall man, and in the kynge's
warres you must here a standard. A standard, said the
cobler, what a thing is that .' Skclton said, It is a great
banner, such a one as thou doocst use to bere in Roga-
cyon Weeke. ' Vexilla pro Roi^acionibus ' are mentioned
among the banners belonging to Christ Church, Canter-
bury, in MS. Coll. Galba E. iv. See Brand Pop. Ant.
(1795) ed. 1849, 200.]
BANNET, see Bonnet.
BANNET-HAY, sb. Obs.l Wil. A rickyard. See
Hay (enclosure).
Wil. iK., ; Wil.'
BANNICK, i^ Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp. I.W. Wil. Also
in the forms bannock Ken.' ; bannix Wil.' [bae nak.]
1. To thrash, beat soundly. See Banish.
Ken. P.M. ; Ken.', Sur.' Sus. OOs. (,K.H,C.) ; Sus.12, Hmp.',
I.W.2
Hence Bannicking, vb/. sb. a thrashing.
Ken.' He's a tiresome young dog ; but if he don't mind you,
jest j'ou give him a good bannocking. Sur.' If j'ou go and get
wet you'll get a bannicking when you go home. Sus.' I'll give
him a good bannicking if I catch him.
2. To chase, to hunt about.
Wil. Pretty goi. distributed in s.Wil. only (G.E.D.'j ; Wil.i
Go an' bannix they vowls out, Dwon't bannix about they poor
thengs like that.
BANNIE, see Bannock.
BANNIELS, see Banyel.
BANNIGIN.si. Stf. A kind of moleskin cloth.
Str.'^ Used esp. in making forgcmen's trowsers, or 'banigin
brichiz.'
BANNIN, sb. Som. [bea'nin.] A barrier, anything
forming a temporary fence.
Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. tv.Eng. (leas') ; W. & J. Gl. (1873.
w.Som.' When a footpath crosses a field it is very common to
crook down branches of thorn, at intervals, on each side of the
path, to prevent people from straying from the track. This is freq.
called ' puuteen daewn sm bae-unecn ' [putting down some bannin].
[From ban, vb., in the sense of to proscribe, prohibit.
Cp. Milton's use of ban, sb. : That sacred fruit, sacred to
abstinence . . . under ban to touch, P. L. i.x. 925.]
BANNIS,s/>. Wil. [bEE-nis.] The stickleback, Gasfrro-
steus trachitrus.
Wil. Britton Bi-a«fri-5'i8a5'); Wil.' [Satchell (I879^.]
[An abbrev. o{ bannistickle, see Banstickle.]
BANNISTER MONEY, phr. Obs. Dev. Money paid
by the mayors of Exeter to poor people, who travelled
with passes, to enable them to depart out of the limits of
the jurisdiction.
Dev. Grose (1790) MS. add. 'H.")
[To a bannister souldier to Ashton o. i. 6 (1651) ; For
earring of bannisters and other vagiren parsons some to
the gayle and some to Bridewell o. 4. o (1585I ; To John
Low the tything man for carrydgc of bannisters and
others commanded to appear before the Justices for the
whole year o. o. 8 (1572), Lhw. Ace. of ChuiUdi^h in Halle
Letters . . . relating to places in the Vale of I'eign (1851)
95, 97, loi. The word means proscribed, banished, and
is a der. of banished, pp. F^or the suff. -er cp. barrister,
chorister, sophister.]
BANNISTICKLE, see Banstickle.
BANNO, see Bannock.
BANNOCK, sb. Sc. Ire!. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Stf. e.An. Hmp. Wil. Som. Dev. Also in the
forms bonnock N.I.' ; bunnock Lan.'; bannick Wil.
Som. nw.Dev.'; banna, banno K.\b. ; bannie e.Lth. ;
bonnag I. Ma. [banak, baenak; bani.]
1. A cake composed of oatmeal or barley mixed with
water and baked on a girdle.
Sc. Bannoks is better nor na kin bread, Ray Prov. (1678I 364;
Grose 11790) MS. add. (C.V, The bones and fragments lay on
the wooden trenchers, mingled with morsels of broken bannocks,
Scott Antiquary (1816) xxvi ; To whang at the bannocks of barley
meal, ib. Midlolhian \ i8i8) xxxvii. Abd. For a' the wealth that
she had left at hame Of cheese and bannocks, butter, milk,
and ream, Ross Helcnore (1768) 59, ed. 1812 ; But there's ait
kyaaks and bannocks tee, Coodwife U867) st. 11 ; A bit bannock
and butter, Cobban Andaman 11895) xxii. Frf. A wife was
expected to be cunning in the making of marmalade and the
firing of bannocks, Barrie Licht (i888'i iv ; Her bannocks is
so superior 'at a Tilliedrum woman took to her bed after tastin'
them, ib. Tliruiits U8891 viii. Fif. Great wallets, cramm'd with
cheese and bannocks and cold tongue, Tennant Ansicr (1812) 33.
Cld. Bake me a bannock and roast me a collop, Cha.mbers Po^.
Rhymes 1,18701 106; Dcnham Tracts ed. 1895) ll. 88. Rnf. Owre
a board, wi' bannocks heapet. Cheese and stovvps and glasses stood,
Wilson f Kfl/Zy ( i 792 ) 4. Ayr. Bannocks o' bear-meal, bannocks o'
barley, Burns Bannotksd' Barley, st. i ; Wi' hale-breeks, saxpence,
an' a bannock, 16. Letter to Tennant, I. 48. Lth. Her bottle sae
mensefu' an' bannocks sae denty She brocht out to pree [taste],
Smith Merry Bridal \ 1866) 116. e.Ltb. A roun' gawsy face, like
a Selkirk bannie or a hairst mune. Hunter J. Inuiii 118951 107.
Bwk. She milked the ewes, the bannas she baket, Henderson
Pop. Rhymes 1,1856) 75. Gall. He had a can o' guid sweet milk
an' a basketfu' o' bannocks, Crockett Raiders (1894) xliv. Ir.
When I saw everyone at this refreshing meal with a good thick
substantial bannock, Carleton Trails Peas. (1848) I. 257. NJ.'
n.Cy. Grose (1790); N.Cy.'* Nhb. The butter, the cheese, and
the bannocks, RiTsoN N. Garl. (1810) 57; Nhb.' Cum. Wot ban-
nick, cauld dumplin, an top stannin pye, Anderson Ballads (1808)
140; Their bread was clap-keakk meadd of barley meal. Or hard
havver bannock so thick, Dickinson Ciimhr. (1876) 238. Wm.'
With the universal use of vvhcatcn bread in modern times bannocks
of the old-fashioned kind arc rarely now made. n.Yks. Wales is
me husband, our awd bread's all gane. We mun mak bannocks till
th' bakin come hame, Meriton Praise Ale (1684'! I. 193. ne.Yks.'
e.Yks.' A large shapeless cake. ra.Yks.' Made of coarse meal,
rolled out thinly, and hung upon cords, or on a rack, among
the rafters, to dry and harden. w.Yks. Seldom heard except
among farmers and old men, Leeds Mere. Sit/>/>l. (Dec. 27, 1890) ;
(J.T. ) ; w.Yks.' Taste ayther it or some bannocks, ii. 300;
w.Yks.® After baking it is placed on the haver-bread reel to dry ;
w.Yks.^ Tharfe cakes. Lan. Coles Eiig. Diet. (1677) ; (PR.);
Lan.', n.Lan.', ne.Lan.' I. Ma. On potatoes and herrings and
barley bonnag, lived Bridget and her little Pete, Caine Man.vman
(1894'! pt. I. iii. s.Chs.' Ally kud eet Ciz mcn'i baan'Qks uz ya kad
drahyv 0 maat'uk thrdo [I could cat as many bannocks as y6 could
drive a mattock through]. Stf.^ e.An.' A cake baked in a French
oven. Nrf. Cozens-Hardy fironrf A'r/; (1893) 85. Hmp. Banack,
a biscuit JI.C.M.B.). Wil. An bradc wur up at zich a rate,
Barley bannicks, mwoastly we'd ta ate. Slow Rhymes (1889)
4th S. 84. Som. Sweetman IVincanton Gl. (1885.) Dev.® A very
hard, dry biscuit nw.Dev.' Com. in phr. ' hard's a bannick." The
ground's avrore zo hard's a bannick ; there's no doin' nort to't.
2. Coinp. (x) Bannock-even, Shrove Tuesday; (2)
•faced, having a flat face and a short nose; (3) -fed.
BANNOCK
[158]
BANTER
subsisting chiefly on bannocks ; (4) -hive, corpulency
induced by eating plentifully; a corpulent person; (5)
-iron, a plate, fixed on grate-bars, for baking bannocks ;
(6) stick, a wooden instrument for rolling out bannocks,
a rolling-pin.
(i) Abd. This must have been denominated from the preparation
of bannock for the festivities of this evening (Jam.). (2) Cum 1
Bannock-feass't. (3) Bwk. In the hovve hole o' the Merre A' the
folk are bannock fed, Henderson Pop. Rhymes (1856)34. (4') Sc.
Ye've been nae stranger to the bannock hive, Morrison Poems
(1790) 178 (Jam.V Fif. I behauld that bannock-hive set up again,
Tennant Papistry (1827) 166. (5) Cum.' (6) Sc. A bassie, and
a bannock-stick. There's gear enough to makye sick, Hogg Jacob.
Rd. (1819) ist S. 118, ed. 1874.
3. A small quantity of meal due to the servants of a mill
in consequence of thirlage (Jam.).
Sc. The sequels. . .pass by the name of knaveship and of bannock
and lock or gowpen, Erskine lust. Lain [ 1773) II. 9, sec. 19.
[1. Bannock, an oat-cake tempered in water, and baked
under the embers, Bailey (1721) ; 'Ba.nnok, focaciiis, pants
siibciiieriaiis, Catli. Ans;l. (1483).]
BANNOCK, i/.i Yks. [ba n;k.] To lounge about idly.
ne.Ylis.' .Sha wad sit up hauf o' t'neet, an' bannock i' bed hauf
o' t'daav. e.Yks.'
BANNOCK, v? Yks. [banak.] To work coal in
layers from the top of the seam.
w.Yks. A seam of dirt running in between the coal is some-
times bannockcd. or taken out before the coal (J.H. B.).
BANNOCK-FLUKE, sb. Sc. The turbot, Rhombus
tiiaxiDiiis.
Sc. How much for the bannock-fluke and cock-padle ? Scott
Antiquary (1816) xi ; Grose ( 17901 MS. add. (C.) Kcd. The fish
commonly caught on the coast of the Mearns . . . are turbot
(called here rodden-fluke and bannock-fluke), Agric. Surv. (Jam.)
[Satchell (1879").]
[A der. of Bannock, sb^
BANNUT, sb. Chs. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf Rdn. Glo.
Wil. Som. Also written bar-nut s.Chs.* ; bannit se.Wor.'
[ba nst, bae'nat.] The walnut, fruit of Juglans regia ;
also applied to the growing tree itself, and in War. and
Shr. to soft-shelled walnuts of a larger kind.
Chs.' ; Chs.3 When it is cut up [the wood] is called walnut.
s.Chs.' War. (J.R.W.) ; War.^ I only knew this term applied
to a peculiar kind of walnut— larger, and not so firm in the kernel
as the ordinary walnut. Wor. They picks they stones off the
common, as small as bannuts I H.K.). w.Wor.' Sarmints is ahl like
bannuts ; d'reckly yu opens 'um, yu knaows w'ats in 'um. s. Wor.
Porson Quaint Wds. (1875) 12 ; s.Wor.i A small kind of walnut.
se.Wor.' The fust time as ever I knaowed 'im wus w'en 'e wus
took up fur Stalin' bannits. Shr.' 2 Hrf. The growing tree is
called bannut, but the converted timber, walnut, Duncumb Hist.
//)/ (1804-12) ; Hrf.' 2 Rdn. Morgan I'Frfs. (1881). Glo. Grose
(1790) MS. add. (H.); We cannot tell how many bannuts there
be, till we beat the trees (A.B.I ; Ellis Promm. (1889) V. 66.
ne.Glo. The old man . . . forbade the j'oung fellow's visits, bluntly
declaring that he might go and 'bad the bannuts' somewhere
else, Household IVds. (1885) 141. Glo." w.Cy. Morton Cyclo.
Agric. (1863). Wil. Britton Beauties iiB2$) ; Wil.' Som. A
woman, a spaunel, and a bannut tree. The mooar you bate 'em
the better they be, W. & J. Gl. (1873 ; Only used in n. of the
county, Jennings Dial. w.Eiig. (1869).
[ Bannenote-tre, auelana (a filbert tree) (c. 1450), Wright
V'oc. 629.]
BANNYSTICKLE, see Banstickle.
BANSHEE, sb. Sc. Irel. n.Cy. Also written banshee.
A supernatural being, in the form of a woman, who is
supposed to wail outside a house to announce the
approaching death of a member of the family.
Sc. The cries and shrieks of Benshi, or the fairies wife, uttered
along the very path where the funeral is to pass. Pennant Tour
(1769) 205 (Jam.). Gall. She deemed the Bible might ward aff
scaith, Be it benshee, bogle, ghaist, or wraith, Nicholson Hist.
Tales (1843) 81 ; Not properly a Gall, word, but imported from
Irel. (A.W. ) Ir. As no banshee ever followed her own family,
she didn't suppose that it could be such a tiling, Carleton Traits
Peas. (1848; I. 99; The Vargin defend us ... if 'tis not the
banshee! Croker Z.fi^. (1862) 267 ; Cock them up with a banshee,
moyah, partly like, Flk Lore Rec. (1881) IV. 121 ; The banshee
was heard keening round the house, Yeats Flk-Tales (1888) iii ;
She's bin hearin' the banshee, M'^Nulty Misther O'Rvaii (1894) xii ;
The banshee was said to follow only particular families, principally
the old Milesians. Its form was that of a female weeping, wringing
its hands, and uttering the national keene or lamentation for the
dead (E.M). n.Cy. Shadows, banshees, lian-hanshees, Denham
Tracts (ed. 1895) II. 79.
[Ir. bean sidhe, Olr. ben side, woman of the fairy
dwelling or mound (Macbain, s.v. Sith).\
BANSIL, see Bensil.
BANSKITTLE, see Banstickle.
BANSTICKLE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Glo. Oxf. Brks. Hmp.
Wil. Som. Dev. Also in the forms banestickle Sh.I. ;
bainstickle Nhb.^; banskittle Brks.*; bannistickle
Hmp* Som.; bannystickle Oxf; bamstickle Hmp.;
bonetickle Nhb.*; baneprickle Cld. ; bantickle Hmp.*
Wil.*; bannytickle Som. ; bramstickle Wil.* [be-nstikl,
ba'nstikl.] The stickleback, Gaslerosteiis trachurus.
Or.I. The three-spined stickleback which we distinguish by the
name of banstickle is found in every small running brook or loch
that has any communication with any piece of fresh water, Barry
//k<. (1805) 389 (Jam.). Sh.I. [Co/A L.L.B.] Cld. iJam.i Nhb.'
Glo. Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.) Oxf.', Brks.* Hmp. ' He'd
starve a bamstickle' is a proverbial expression for a very stingy
person (H.C M.B.) ; Hmp.' Wil. Slow Gl. (1892) ; Wil.* Som.
W. & J. Gl. (1873); SwEETMAN Wiiicanlon Gl. 11885). Dev.
w. Times (Feb. 26, 1886) 2, col. 2. [Satchell (1879).]
[Bansticle, a stickle-back, Bailey (1721) ; A bansticle
[fish], Pungitiiis, Spiuochia, Coles (1679) ; A banstickle,
Trachyda, Levins Manip. (1570) ; Trachida. I suppose it
is a banstickle, Cooper (1565). Repr. an OE. banstkels:
ban, bone + slicels, a prick, sting.]
BANT, sb. Yks. Lan. [bant.] Vigour, strength,
endurance, ' go.'
w.Yks. He's some bant In him, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Aug. t, 1891).
Lan. Aw gcet us mich meyte un pottytus us aw cud heyte fur
nincpunze, un aw gan it sum bant awl warrant yo, Eggshibishitn
(1856) 33 ; He're sure to gallop when he should ha walked, an'
get to th* end of his bant in no time, Brierley Red Wind. (1867)
xiv ; They'n some bant about 'em, tiioose han, an' fit to be th'
mothers of a young nation, ib. Ab-o'th-Yate Yaiikeelniid {i&8^t v;
A man who ' has no bant in him ' is a poor, feeble being, Tit-Bits
(Aug. 8, 1891) 280, col. I ; Lan.' He's good for nowt : there's no
bant in him : he can noather eyt [eat] nor wark.
[Prob. cogn. w. bend, vb. Cp. bent, used in the sense of
concentrated energy, prop, the force with which a bow
bent tends to spring back. Cp. MDu. bant, power, force,
constraint, sway (Oudemans).]
BANT, V. Yks. Lan. [bant.]
1. To conquer, achieve, manage.
Lap. ' Hay,' cried Craddy ; ' I've done very weel ! I couldn't bant
another smite,' Waugh Old Cronies (,1875) iii ; Lan.* Conto bant
it ? Conto bant him '
2. To beat down in price.
w.Yks. Aw ax him a fair price, an tha can bet thi life he doesn't
bant me (J.H.) ; She bants everybody shus [choose] weer she
gooes to buy ought iS. N.) ; w.Yks.^
Hence Banting, vbl. sb. haggling.
w.Yks. Ah gat 'em at a guinea by banting (M.F.).
BANTAM-SOW, sb. Obs. Hmp. A small sow.
Hmp. A half-bredbantam-sow wasas thickas she was long, White
Selborne (1788) 150, ed. 1853. [Not known to ourcorrespondents.]
BANTER, sb. Irel. Chs. [ba-nt3(r).]
1. A haggling about prices.
s.Chs.* All d u praat'i baan"tur ufoa'r ah kud bringg* um tu mi
prahys [Ah'd a pratty banter afore ah could bring 'em to my
price].
2. A challenge.
Ir. County cricket clubs talk of sending or receiving a banter lo
play a match (M.B.-S.).
BANTER, V. Irel. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. War.
Shr. Glo. Amer. [bant3(r), ba2nt3(r).]
1. To cheapen, to haggle.
w.Yks.^ It's o' no use yor tryin' to banter me ; Au s'll tak' no
less. War.2 [Amer. Dial. Notes (1895) 396.]
2. With prep. down, {a) To beat down in price.
Cum. She wantet owre much for her berries, but I banter't her
down a bit (M.P.). Wm.' T butter-badger triet hard to banter me
BANTING
[159]
BAR
doon but a stuck to ma price and gat it. e.Yks.' Ah ast [asked]
liiin liauf-a croon fot, an he baiithcrcd ma doon ti two anthrip-
pence, ^1/5. add. (,T.H.) w.Yks. He bantur'd t'profits daan ta
newt, Preston Poems, ifc. (,1864) 11 ; He wanted £-i los. for it,
but I bantered him down to £3 (S.K.C.). e.Lan,' s.Chs.'
Dhaaf)s dhu miini uz ahy)l taak- ; un ah shaam-u bi baan turd
daayn bi noo bdi [That's the money as I'll tak ; an' ah shanna be
bantered dain by noob'dy]. War.* I wouldn't sell the cow to him
now at no price, he tried to banter me down so. Shr.' 1 dunna
want to banter yo down in price ; if yo thinken yo can get
more for 'im by takin' 'im to EUesmur far", tak 'im, I've toud yo
whad I mane to give ! Glo.'
(b) To get the better of in a dispute of any kind.
s.Chs.i Ah kud)nu baan-tur I'lm daayn bu wot ahy miin preexh
for um nekst Siindi [Ah cudna banter em dain bu' what I mun
preach for 'cm next Sunday].
3. To squabble, tease, taunt.
n-Ir. A bantered him to box me (W.J.K.). Uls. (M.B.-S.) N.I.1
He bantered me to fight him.
4. With prep, about: to potter about, bustle about.
Glo. Banter about and get the tea i,H S H.) ; Glo.i
BANTING, sb. Sc. [ba ntin.] A bantam fowl.
Edb. All the birds and beasts seemed as tame as our bantings,
MoiR Mansie IVmich (1828) 34
[Baiilam, contam. w. suflf. -ing.]
BANTLING, sb} Sc. Lan. Chs. Lin. War. Wor.
[ba ntlin, bae ntlin] A child, a baby.
Sc. Sell me to a gipsy to carry pots, pans, and beggars bant-
lings all the rest of my life, Scott Nigel (1822) xxi. Lan. Be at
t'church porch i' half an hour, an t'bantlin shall be delivered to
you safe an' sound, Ainsworth IVilchcs (ed. 1849) vii ; Here,
Matty wench, tak' thi bantlin' .. .before aw eit it, MuLLiNs/o/i/oy,
i ; The Brid an' Bantlin' is colloq used to represent the ' Eagle
and Child,' a public-house sign (F.E.T.). ne.Lan.', Chs.', n.Lin.i,
War. (J.R.W.), Wor. (J.'W.P.)
[Bantling (used only in low or droll style), a little child,
an infant. Ash (1795) ; Bantling, a young child. Kersey
(1715). Prob. the same as G.baiihliiti;, bastard (Sanders).
Cp. Swab. dial, bankle, baiitle, ' ein Kleiner dicker Mensch,
fllinlich mit Bankard, worunter man in Ulm cin armseliges
Kind versteht' (Schmid). The word prop, means 'a
child begotten on a bench and not in the marriage bed,'
see Grimm (s.v. Baiikliart).]
BANTLING, sb.'^ Nhb. Suf. [ba ntlin, bae'ntlin.] A
bantam.
Nhb.l, Suf.l
[A confusion of bantam w. bantlhtg, sb.'J
BANTWIVY TWIST, adv. phr. Som. Askew, awry.
w.Som.' Same in meaning as ' scurry whilT.' Kyaalth liz-zuul u
weelruyt ! neef ee aan u-ang dhu wee'ul u dhu wag'een aul ban
twiivee twiis, jis dhu vur'ee sae um z u fiid lurz uulboa [calls
himself a wheelwright! and if he has not hung the wheel of the
wagon all out of truth, just the very same as a fiddler's elbow].
BANTY, sb} Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. War.
[ba-nti.]
1. A bantam.
N.I.', Nhb.i Cum. He's as conceitit as a banty, Sarcisson Joe
Scoap (1881) 66; Cum.i Wm. Stickan up therscls like Betty
Yudal banty, Spec. Dial. (1877) pt i. 27. e.Yks.'
2. Fig. A small, strutting, conceited person.
Cum. Referring to a small, important person. Puir laal banty !
(M.P.); Cum.'
3. In coiiip. (i) Banty-cock, (a) a bantam cock ; (b)
Jig. a small, conceited person ; (c) a haycock of intermediate
size ; (2) -hen, a bantam hen.
(I) (a I e.Yks.i w.Yks Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Aug. i, iSgit.
ne.Lan.', War. (J.R.W.) (b) e.Yks.' w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl.
(Aug. I, 1891). ne Lan.', War (J.R.W.) (c) Cum.' (2 neLan.'
[Bantam, altered through contam. of final syllable with
sufl; -v.]
BANTY, si.'^ Glo. [bae'nti.] A stickleback or minnow.
Glo.i
[An abbrev. for bantickle ; see Banstickle.]
BANWOOD, see Banewort.
BANYEL, i-6. Sc. Nhb. Also written bangyal Bnff.* ;
banniel Nhb.* [banyl.]
1. A bundle, a package.
Sc. Ane banyel o' myrrh is my weelbeloefet til me, Riudell
Sng. Sol (1858) i. 13. Cld. Used in a contemptuous way Jam.).
Nhb.' He's oft' wi' aa his banniels.
2. A slovenly, idle fellow.
Rxb. (Jam.)
3. A crowd of people.
Bnff.' Ban-yals o' bairns came burriein' round the door. The
word contains the notion of disorder and rudeness.
BANYEL, V. Sc. Also written bangyal BnfT.' To
crowd, to move in a confused crowd.
Bnflf.'
Hence Bangyalan, vbl. sb. the act of crowding.
BnlT.l
BAP, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. [bap.]
1. A thick cake of bread, baked in the oven.
Sc. Gen. [made] with yeast ; whether it be made of oatmeal,
barley-meal, flower of wheat, or a mixture (Jam.) ; Loaves,
penny -rows, thin bakes, thick baps, V>R\j>mo:iii Muckoiiiachy (1846
67. Fif. An auld leddy to show, as she said, her hospitality, . . .
haunded us an aicht-ounce bap and a bowl o' soor dook, M'Laren
Tibbie (1894) 15 ; The rent-money . . . was spent, and on sic doon-
richt trash as nikket baps, nutmegs, &c., 16 98. Lnk. Tell us, are
ye for your burial baps round or square * Ra.msay Rentin. (187a)
14. e Lth. We were sittin doun o' the bicldy side o' the stooks,
haein oor baps an' yill at the Iwal-hoors. Hu.nter J. hiwick ( 1895)
II. Edb. And Thomas Burling'sbap account, Moir Mansie IVatich
(1828) 40. Dwn. I C.H W.)
2. A roll or small loaf of various shapes, baked in the oven.
Sc. By the side of it baps and scones, by no means to be des-
pised, Oliphant Lover and Lass, 10 ; A flat breakfast roll, N. & Q.
(1873) 4thS. xii. 215; And sowens and farls and baps, Ra.msay 7Va-
Table Misc. (1724) I. 86, ed. 1871 ; His buttons were made o' the
baubeebaps. And his name was Willy Wood, Chambers Rhymes
( 1870) 41. Abd. Bakeriebaps, sugary snaps (W.M.). Abd.,Rxb.
The shearers frae their baps an'ale. Their rural dinner, rise, A. Scott
Poe»;,s(i8o8j97. Slk. The young baker wha brings the baps in the
mornin, Chr. North Nodes (ed. 18561 II. 200. Uls. A diamond-
shaped loaf of bread usually sold at a penny, Ulster Jm. Arch.
(1853-1862) VI 46. Ant. /Ja//)'m£-na O65. ^1892. N.L' A lozenge-
shaped bun, whitened with tlour. Nhb.'
Hence Bapper, a vulgar name for a baker.
Abd. (Jam.) ; Still used, but not very common W.M.). Per. The
term bapper implies a shade of contempt ^G.W.).
BAR, sb> Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs. Not. Lin. War. Glo.
Brks. Hmp. I.W.Som.Dev. Also written baarS.&Ork.';
barr N.Cy.= w.Yks.* Not.' [bar, ba(r).]
1. A flail ; the swing or movable part of the flail,
w. & sSc. (Jam. Suppl.)
Hence (1) Bar, v. to thrash, swing a flail (Jam. Suppl.),
see Barry ; (2) Barman, a thrasher, one accustomed to
the bar or flail (Jam. Suppl.).
; 1 1 w. & s.Sc. It's no ilka ane can bar. Bar is used to express
simply the act or process, as 'I'm thinkin' to bar some bear the
morn' [I intend to thrash some barley to-morrow].
2. A crowbar.
Yks. A crowbar not more than four feet long (C.V.C). n.Lin.i
Fetch th' bar an' prise it up. Glo.'
3. Comp. Bar-ire, (a) a crowbar, (b) iron in the form of
rods or bars for smiths' use.
(a) w.Som.' Dev. A bar-ire, or crowbar. Bray Desc. Tamar and
Tavy {,1836) I. 121 ; Marshall Rur. Eton. (17961. nw.Dev.' Always
in the form bar-ire ; I have never heard a crowbar called ire-bar.
(A) w.Som.l In reply to a remonstrance about his charges, a
blacksmith said, ' Well, sir, 'tis a little bit better now; but I didn't
charge no more vor shoein o'm when bar-ire was more-n so dear
again.' nw.Dev.'
4. A bar of iron used by shepherds in making holes for
the fold stakes, when pitching hurdles.
Brks. , Hmp. A straight bar made of iron, generally about four
feet high, swelling out in circumference towards the bottom, but,
below this, pointed at the end vW.H.E.). I.W.'
5. The gate of a town or city.
n.Cy. Grose (1790) ; N Cy.' Bootham Bar, Monk Bar, in the
city of York. w.Yks.' The four gates of York are called bars.
There shall come a hind into Shellicld in at the West Bar on
a market d.iy (s.v. West-bar); w.Yks.* [(K.) ; Temple Bar in
London, Boothambar in York, Kennett Par. Antiq. (1695).]
6. A gate across a road, gen. for the purpose of collecting
tolls.
NjI.'
BAR
[i6o]
BARBULYIE
7. fig. An obstacle.
Ayr. It can ne'er be said that I'm ony bar till't, Galt ^^/^//(iSQa)
xvii.
8. Timber used to support the roof of a seam in a mine.
w.Yks. ^SKC); (M.F.)
9. A longitudinal slice of a halibut, including the fin on
one side to the tail.
Sli.1. (K.I ), S. & Ork.'
10. A streak of colour on an animal.
e.Lan.^
Hence Barred, adj. striped, streaked.
e.Lan.i A barred cow. Chs> A barred cat is a tabby cat. War.
(J.R.W.)
11. Conip. Bar-length,7?^. a good length or way.
Lin.l He was a bar-length before the others.
[11. I outdo Rousseau a bar length, Sterne 7>. Shandy
(1758), ed. 1770, VI. 145 (Dav.) ; The immodest ones
outdo the worst of us by a bar's length, both in thinking
and acting, Richardson C/.//rt/-foa'e( 1748) III. 118 (Dav.).]
BAR, sb? Sc. An infant's flannel waistcoat. Cf.
barrow, sb.*, barrie.
Mry. (Jaji.), Abd. W,M.)
BAR, i;.i Sc. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Stf Lin. War.
Shr. Som. [bar, ba(r).]
1. To shut, close, exclude, fasten out.
Frf. The shutter bars the outer world from the schoolhouse,
Barrie l.icM (1888) i. Gall. Have the bairns barred ye oot o'
the schule 1 Crockett Bog Myrtle (18951 232. N.Cy.' Bar the
door, shut the door. Bar the yet, close the gate. Dur.^ Ctim.^
He said his wife had barr't 'im oot, as oft she'd deun afooar, 67.
ne.Lan.' Bar them out.
2. To stop, forbid, prohibit.
Wm.' Bars o' that ! [that shall not pass]. w.Yks.* n.Liu.' He's
barred talikin' stroa off o' land by th' custom o' th' cuntry.
War.'^ Used by boys at play. ' I bar that bank ' would mean ' I
forbid the use of that bank in the game ' ; War.^ A form used in
games. ' I bar that' meant ' I stop that,' as being against the rules
of the game, or unfair. Shr,' Oh ! 'er's sich a fav'rit, 'e canna
bar 'er anythin' 'er axes fur.
3. To prevent, hinder.
Stf.2 A feyther shouldna ought bar 'is childer from pickin'
their own trade. Shr.' I'll bar 'im gwi'in theer. w.Som.' Used
only in the passive voice. Ee wuz u-baa'rd vrum gwai n, kuz uv
liz vvuyv - uur wuz u-teokt bae'ud jis dhoa* [he was prevented
from going, on account of his wife — she was taken ill just then].
4. To deprive, stint.
Stf.2 'Er Was ready t'bar 'ersel o' enythin fur sake o' mS.
5. To claim a privilege or possession. See Barley.
Stf. Bar that place. Bar first go, N. & Q. (i865'i3rd S. vii.229;
Slf.2 War. B'liaiii. IVkly. Post (June 10, 1893) ; War.' Used by
boys at play when they select a particular situation or place ;
War.3 Shr.' Used by children at play. I say, Bill, I bar that bat.
6. To claim exemption from any disagreeable job, to
negative any proposal.
Stf. Bar not to fetch coals. When a boy had first barred any-
thing, his right to possession or exemption was indisputably
cst.iblishcd, N. & Q. (18651 3rd S. vii.229; A boy would say
'He wanted me to do so-and-so, but I barred not,' ib. (1870)
4th S. vi. 517 ; Stf.^ In a game : 'That inner fair, oi bar that.'
7. To ignore a bad hit or faulty start in games.
War.2 Shr.' A playground term. Oh ! we'll bar that.
[1. A will that bars the title of thy son, Shaks. K.John,
II. i. 192. 2. To barr, interdiccre, Robertson Phras.
(1693). 3. Ridgy roofs . . . can scarce avail To barr the
ruin of the rattling hail, Dryden Virg. Ceorg. (1697) i.
600. 6. Cp. Fr. bniivr, ' annoncer, quand les des sortent
du cornet, qu'on annule le coup' (Littre).]
BAR, i'.2 Nhb. Past tense of to fenr.
Nlib. ' He bar up like a man.
BAR, pirfi. Lan. Stf Slang. Except.
Lan. I've nivcr had no childer o' my own — bar that one I telled
yo' on, Francis Fustian (18951 270. Stf.^ Ar Dick's gotten sploiced
t' th' noicest wench as ivver oi sed bar none. Slang. For my
books were all read bar two Verrine orations, Goddard Urasenose
Ale I 18701.
BAR, sec Bare, Bargh, Bear.
BARA-PICKLET, i-6. Obs. Wal. Cakes made of fine
flour, kneaded with yeast.
[Barapicklet (a local word, fr. the Brit.), a kind of cake
made with fine flour, Ash (1795) ; Bara-picklet, bread
made of fine flower, and kneaded up with barm or yest,
which makes it very light and spungy, Phillips (1706) ;
Popelins, soft cakes made of fine flower, kneaded with
milk, sweet butter, and yolks of eggs ; and fashioned and
buttered like our Welch Barrapyclids, Cotgr. V^eX.bara,
bread 4- E. pikelet (a kind of cake), q.v.]
BARA RAN, sb. Mon. Dole bread, or bread begged
for the souls of the departed on All Souls' Day.
Mon. In many parts of this county the poor of every persuasion
still retain the custom of begging bread lor the souls of the de-
parted on All Souls' Day ; the bread is called Bara ran, or Dole
bread, Flk-Lore Jni. (18831 VI. 378.
[Wei. bara rami, dole bread ; bara, bread + rhanii, a por-
tion, part.]
BARB, sb. Dev. [bab.] A peg; a stick hooked at
one end and pointed at the other, used for securing the
ends of straw ropes in a ' mow ' or rick, &c. See Nib.
Dev. Aul roun tha wals, pin tap a barbs, Yude zee bags arter
bags uv harbs, Nathan Hogg Poet. Lett. (18471 55, ed. 1858.
s.Dev. Barb is used in the same sense as ' nib.' It is made from
a forked branch, one limb being much longer than the other and
pointed at the end (R.P.C.).
[This is the same word as ME. barbe, the barb of an
arrow. Arches with arows with atterd barbes. Wars
Alex. 2455.]
BARBARA AND HER BARNS, />//r. Yks. A
name given to a formation of clouds in which there is
a thick band across the west with smaller bands above
and below ; a sign of stormy weather.
Yks. (R.H.H.) n.Yks. ' Barbara and her barns,' though not so
common as formerly, is still quite familiar with many (M.C.F.M.);
N. & Q. 1 1883) 6th S. viii. 446.
[St. Barbara's fatlier was about to strike off her head,
when a lightning-flash laid him dead at her feet. Hence
St. Barbara was invoked in thunderstorms, Yonge Christ.
Names, I. 260.]
BARBER, V. Yks. Lin. Brks. Ess. [ba-b3(r).] To
shave.
w.Yks.^ Bown to barber mysen. Am barn to get barbcr'd a bit.
As he wur barbcring on muh he let t'raazor tummie ! [as he was
shaving me he let the razor fall]. n.Lin.' I alus barber mysen o'
Setterda' ncet ready for Sunda'. No real Christian iver barbcr'd
hissen o' a Sunda', thoo knaws that, tlioo reprobaate. About forty
years ago, Thomas Carr, a poor man, living at Kirton-in-Lindscy,
called on the Rev. Robert Ousby, the curate, and said — ' Sir, I've
heard a straange, bad taale, aboot you. I knaw it isn't trew, but
I want to hear you contradict it fra yer awn mooth. A man tohd
me last neet 'at 3'ou alus barbcr'd yersen on a Sunda' mornin'.' The
clergyman had to admit the charge was true, and poor Tommy
Carr went away exceedingly sorrowful. Brks.' I be a-gwaayn to
be barbered.
Hence (i) Barberer, sb. a barber ; (2) Barberlie, adv.
like a barber ; (3) Barber's sign, sb. a standing pole and
two wash-balls.
{1) n.Lin.' (21 Ess. That barberlie handled I dare thee assure.
Cast dust in his arse, thou hast finisht thy cure, Tusser Hiisbafidrie
(1580) III, St. 4. (3") [The pole has generally two spiral lines, red
and white, representing the fillet to bind the arm when a person
is bled ; barbers having formerly been surgeons, Hollowav.]
BARBER-EEL, sb. Sc. Nhb. The viviparous blenny,
Zoarces viviparits.
Bwk. Johnston Fislies'm Trans. Bwk. Nalur. Field Club (1885)
I. 171. Nhb.'
BARBER'S BRUSHES, phr. Ess. Wil.' The wild
teasel, Dipsaciis svlvestiis.
BARBINE, sec Bearbine.
BARBUL'V^IE, v. and sb. Obsol. Sc. Also written
barbulzie (Jam.).
1. V. To confuse, trouble.
Sc. Grose (1790I MS. add. (C.) Per. A rare word, almost
unknown (G.W.) ; (Jam.)
2. sb. Perplexity, quandary.
Rxb. I — stude — swutheryng what it avysit me neiste to doo in
thilkc barbulye, Hogg IViiiter Ev. Tales {1820) II. 41 (Jam.).
[Every thing apperit twae to my barbulzeit brain,
Montgomery Cherric Or' Slae (c. 1572) in Ramsay's Ever-
BARCLE
[i6i]
BARE
green fed. 1876) II. 109. Fr. iflr6oM///tr, to jumble, con-
loiind, hudille (Cotcr.).]
BARCLE. see Barkle.
BARCOM, sec Bargham.
BARD, a/).' Sh.I. A bold headland, the top of which
projects beyond its base.
Sh.I. The projecting lieadlands of the island of Mousa, and of
Bressay, are called the Bard of Mousa, and the Bard of Bressay
(Jam. Siippl.). S. & Ork.' The Bard of Bressay, a long, projecting
headland.
[ON. bar^, the verge, edge of a hill ; Norw. dial, rim,
edge (Aasen) ; cogn. w. OE. bord, border, rim, side.]
BARD.sA.^ Sc. [bard.] A bold, tiirlnilcnt woman; a scold.
Sc. Common in S. & Ork. and tliroiighout the greater part of
the Lowlands (Jam. Snf>/>1.). S. & Ork.i
[Perh. the same as bard (a. poet) ; see Bardach.]
'BARDACW.,ndj. Sc. Also written bardoch. [bcTdax-]
Stout, fearless. See Bardy.
Sc. And bald and bardach the gudc-wife, Sae derf couth wield
her gude brown spear, Jamieson Pop. Ballads (1806) II. 176;
Tho' ye're bardoch and bauld, Donald Poems (1867) 5. Abd. And
tho' she was right bardach on day-light She was as lly'd as
ony hare at night, Ross Hclenore ' 1768; 63, ed. 1812 ; Tells on her
tale, Right bauld and bardach, ib. 8g. Kcd. Ane was a sturdy
bardoch chiel, Burness Thmiiiiiiy Cap 'c. 1796) 1. 9. Per. Not
a common word, but fairly well known ;G.W. >.
[A der. of Sc. baid [biiiid), in the sense of a strolling
musician or minstrel, a word often connoting insolence and
boldness, and appearing in Sc. Acts of Pari, in close con-
nexion w. vagabonds, masterful beggars, fools, ' sorners,'
and other idle people ; see N.E.D.]
BARDAGH, sb. Irel. A creel or pannier with a falling
bottom, carried by a donkey.
N.I.' S.Don. Simmons Gl. 1 I'Sgo),
BAR-DRAKE, sb. Irel.
1. The red-breasted merganser, Mergtis sermtor.
N.I.' Dwn. SwAiNSON i3»rfi- U885 164.
2. The common sheldrake, Tadorim cornuta ; see Bar-
goose.
Ir. SwAiNSON Birds (1885^ 153. [The bar-drake or bar-duck
prefers fiatshores. sandy bars, and links, where it breeds, and in
holes in the soft soil, and has obtained the name of Burrow-duck
and Bar Gander, Yarrell Birds 1845 III. 236.]
BARDY, adj. Sc. Also written bardie (Jam. Siippi).
[berdi.]
1. Bold, fierce, turbulent. See Bardach.
Sc. (Jam. Siippl.)
Hence Bardily, adv. boldly, with intrepidity.
Sc. They bardilj'. and hardily, Fac'd home or foreign foe,
Galloway Poe'iis ' 1788) 64 Jam).
2. Forward, pert, shameless, insolent.
Rnf. No a neuk i' the house But what thou, bardie mouse.
Maun examine, Young Pictures (1865) 56. Ayr. Wasting baith
at heck and manger wi bardie leddies and whirligig fool-fellows
at yon gait, Galt Sir A. IVylie (18221 xvii ; Mrs. Kenton . . . that
gave her heart and countenance to be bardy, even to the bailies ih.
Provosl (182a) xxvii. Gall. A bardy loon, a bold or brazenfaced
woman (A.W.).
Hence (i) Bardish, adj. rude, insolent in language ;
(2) Bardily, adv. pertly ; (3) Bardiness, sb. forwardness,
pertness, esp. as shown in conversation.
(I ) Sc. The rest of that day . . . was misspent with the altercation
of that bardish young man Mr. D. Dogleish and the young con-
stable of Dundee, Bailie Z.f//. ( 1775^ I. 311 (Jam. V (2. 3), Jam. \
BARE, adj. Sc. Nhb. Cum. VVm. Yks. Stf Not. Lin.
Nhp. War. Won Som. Dev. Cor. Written bair- (Jam.).
1. In comp. (1) Bareback, a species of fluke; (2)
■backs, [a) turnips with the tops cut off; (A) sheep after
being shorn ; (3) -barley, a species of barley usually
called French barley; (4 1 -board, penniless, at a card-
table; (5) -bolsht, unfledged; (6) -bub, an unfledged
bird ; (7) -buck, a six-year-old buck ; (8) -cart, a cart
or wagon in which the wheels are not protected by iron
hoops or tires ; (9) -fallow, land left fallow for the whole
of one year ; (10) -goUin, -goUock, -golly, a newly hatched
featherless bird; (11) -gorp, an unfledged bird; (12)
■man, a bankrupt, who gives up all his goods to his
VOL. I.
creditors; (13) -mead, stript ; (14) -muck, the refuse
thrown from the stone upon which the bone handles of
knives are ground ; (15) -powed, bareheaded ; (16) -ridged,
without a saddle, bare-backed ; (17) -snaked, naked ; (18)
•vamped, standing in one's stockings, without shoes ; 1 19)
■wagon, see ■cart.
( I I Bnir.' (2) a Nhb.i .{b\ Wm.> (3^ Stf. Bare-barley, naked
barley, whose ear is shaped like barley, but its grain like wheat
without any husk iK.i; Stf.' (4, Cum. (M. P.) 1,5) s.Not. Don't
tek it yit, lads; it's a bare-bolsht un (J.P.K.). (6) w.Yks.*
Not.^ n.Lin.' The names boys give to young birds are bare-bubs,
pen feathcr'd uns, flig'd uns, and (lig'd dyers. ( 7) Nhp. (G.F.N.) ;
Nhp.' (8) n Lin.' Ohsol. Before the great enclosures of the last
century almost all the highways were unstoned, and carts and
wagons frequently had not their wheels protected by iron. One
shodd Wayne and one bare wayne liij, Invent, of John Neviil, of
Faldiiigu'orlh (1590) MS. The wheels of bathing machines in
Britain and elsewhere are, at the present day, sometimes left
unshod where the surface they h.ive to traverse is not of shingle
but of sand. (9) War.^ Land that lies fallow for a part of the year,
and on which a root crop is grown in the latter part of the year, is
a fallow, but land that lies fallow throughout the whole of the year
is a bare-fallow. (10) e.Yks.' (11) Cum.' (12) Sc. ? Obs. (Jam.)
(13) Wra. &Cum.' Upon his rcddy bare-mead back, 177. (14) w.Yks.
The word was in common use in Sheffield among cutlers, but some-
what obs. at present, as very few bone handles are now ground
upon stone. However ' bare-muck ' is well understood here
(G.B.W. i ; w.Yks.2 (is"! Sc. The leddies bare-powed were, baith
auld and young, Allan Lilts (1874) 155. (16 w.Som.' Thee't
never be able to ride vitty, avore canst stick on bare ridged. Dev.
This task . . . was not only no toil to him, but a real labour of love
— one he would have ridden ' bare ridge ' to perform. Davies
Memoir of Russell {jS-jS) viii. nw.Dev.' Cor. Zenobia Baraguan-
nith at the age of ninety-nine rode bare-ridged on a J'oung beast
(a colt), to the court, Moiitlilv Mag. {1808 11. 422; Grose i 1790)
MS. add. (C.) ; Cor.' Me rides bare-ridged; Cor.2 117) w.Yks.
See thee, he's bare snaked I ( S.O.A.) (18) Cor. A common ex-
pression (M.A C.) ; Cor.^ (191 n.Lin.'
2. In phr. (i) bare as a bo'd's tail, as bare as a bird's tail ;
(2) to ride bareback, to ride without a saddle.
(i) n.Lin.' Said of a person who has lost everj-thing which he
possessed. (2) n.Yks. ( I.W.) n.Lin.'
3. Simple, plain, unadorned.
Lth. Water his drink, his claithing bare, Bruce Pocmi (1813)
55. w.Som.' Au'nkaum'un bac"ur kunsaa'rn [uncommonly bare
concern, said of a shabby performance at a travelling circus].
n.Dev. Vor es olweys thort her to ha be bare buckle and thongs,
E.xm. Crtshp, (17461 1. 546.
4. Mere, only just.
n.Sc. More commonly applied to things than to persons. She
gyah [gave] the bokie a bare sa.xpins for cairryin the creel. He
jist got a bare shillin an nac ae baubee mehr for a' it he did
(_W.G.). Ayr. She carried her scorn o' me sae far as to prefer
a bare farmer lad like John Lounlans, Galt Lairds (i8a6) vii.
w.Yks. It's bare weight yE.B.^.
5. Thin, lean, poor, in bad condition.
Abd. He did what, had he been keepit bare, He ne'er mith
done, Shirref Pof»/5 (1790) 9. Kcd, 1 wad be content In barer
hame than noo. Grant /.ny.si 18841 '79- e.Yks. Corne that issowne
on land that is in hearte will allwayes bee sooner ripe then that which
is sowne on bare landc. Best Eeon. (1641) 53. s.Wor. (U.K.)
w.Som.' Applied to animals — bare-boned. Dhai beeus bee
tuur'bl bae-ur [those beasts are very thin].
6. Audacious; also mean, base.
Yks. To go and say that— a bare hussy (C.C.R.); It's a bare
piece o' business (B.K.). n.Yks.* A bare un, a base fellow.
[1. (4) Rediiit ail tapis (at play), left a bareboord, whose
money is all lost, Cotgr. ; (12I Bairman, a poor insolvent
debtor, left bare and naked, who was obliged to swear in
court, that he was not worth more than five shillings and
five pence, Baii.i;v (1721I; To hund out bair men and
vagaboundis, Actsjas. VJ (1581), ed. 1814, 217 (Jam.).]
BARE, V. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lin. Shr.
L To remove the surface soil in a stone quarry in order
to get at the stone.
Bwk. In the month of Feb. 1883, while the workmen were baring
the top of the rock at a quarry at Amble, they cime upon a cist,
Thompson Traus. Nalur. FirW 01(6(1882-1884) X. 523. Nhb. In
constant use (R.O.H.). w.Yks. (,S.P.U.)
BAREE
[162]
BARGAIN
Hence (i) Barer, sb. a workman who removes the
surface soil in a stone quarry; (21 Baring, vh/. sb. (a) the
surface soil in a stone quarry ; (b) the process of removing
the surface soil.
(i) w.Yks. (S. K.C.) (2) (a) Nhb.i n.Yks. There's a good deal
of baring on t'quarry iJ.W.X w.Yks. ^^ (A) n.Lin.i, Shr.l
2. To undercut the coal in order to ' win ' or get at it.
w.Yks. (S.J.C); (D.T.)
Hence Barings, vbl sb. the small coal made in the pro-
cess of undermining the coal. Cf. Kirving.
w.Yks. tS.J.C.)
BAREE, sb. Irel. A goal.
Wxf.' Yerstey w' had a baree, gist ing oor hoane [yesterday we
had a goal, just in our hand], 84. Tommeen was lous, an zo was
ee baree, 88.
BAREES, sb. pi. Wxf.^ Small sticks placed in a kiln
for drying oats.
BAREFOOT, adj. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf. Der. War. Shr. Also written barefit (Jam.) ; barfet
Cum.' Wm. ne.Lan.' ; barfit Nhb.' ; barfoot Cum. Wm.'
w.Yks.' Lan.' Stf.'; barfut n.Lan.' e.Lan.' m.Lan.' Chs.'
nw.Der.' Shr.' '^
1. Having bare feet, without shoes and stockings. Also
used as adv.
Sc. (Jam.) ; He maun haebeen baar-fitt, makin' sae little sound,
Roy Horseman (1895^ xiii. Ayr. The lassies, skelpin barefit,
thrang, In silks an' scarlets glitter, Burns Holy Fair 1785) st. 7.
Lth. A barefit birkie fond o' play, I ca'd my girr frae break o'
day, Smith Merry Bridal (1866) 34. e.Lth. It's nae mair to see
a wumman greet nor to see a guse gae barefit, Hunter J. Iimick
(1895') 201. Nhb.' CiuB. To gang barfut and bareleggt, without
shoes and stockings (M.P.'i ; Them two gaan wi' their barfet feet,
Gilpin Ballads 1874) i68 ; Cum.' Wra. If thu didn't send him
a new paar o' shoos straight oft", he'd gay seean be gane barfet.
Spec. Dial. (1880) pt. ii. 42 ; Wm.' Is ta gangen barfoot ? w.Yks.'
Lan. Wick folk cawn't abide to go barfoot an' empty, Clegg
David's Loom (18941 ii ; Lan.' 'Aye, aye, Sam,' said Jone,
'barfoot folk shouldn't walk upo' prickles,' Waugh C/timii. Comer
(1874). n.Lan.' ne.Lan.' Barfet an' barlegg'd. e.Lan.' mXan.'
Bein' beawt shoon an' stockin's is bein' barfut. Chs.', Stf.',
nw.Der.i, War. (J.R.W. 1, Shr.'2
2. Coiiifi. (i) Barefoot-broth, broth made with butter
and vegetables, without any meat ; (2) -clogs, clogs with-
out irons ; (3) -custard, a custard not enclosed in a crust ;
(4) -feet, bare feet ; (5) -head, a baldheaded man ; (6)
■kail, see -broth.
(i) Abd. The more economical way of using bear or barley is
when it is ground in a barley mill, and boiled as pot barley with
a little butter and a few vegetables, in which case it is provincially
called barefoot broth, ^^nc. 5;(/-z/. 518 I Jam. \ i2iLan.' (3) Shr.'
? Obsol, We'n mak a dish o' bar-fut custart 66th that bystin for the
men's supper ; it'll be a trate for 'em. Cf. Bystin Custard. (41
Lan.' Stf.2 To ' go with one's barfut feet on ' is to walk barefooted.
(5) Lan. What has yon owd barfoot-yed bin sayin* abeawt nie ?
Brierley Marlocks ■• 1867) i. (6) Abd. I was musin in my mind,
On hair-mould bannocks fed an' barefoot kail, Taylor Poems
(•787) 3(Jam. .
BARENHOND, vbl. phi: Obs. Som. To maintain, to
assure, to lead one to believe. See Bear in hand.
Som. Mister Boord banehond ta I jist now that tha war gwine
ta winuny [winnow], Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) 180;
To barenhond, to banehond, to intimate. In very common use
in the w. of Eng., 16. 23.
[Your daughter, whom she bore in hand to love With
such integrity, she did confess Was as a scorpion to her
sight, Shaks. Cyiiib. v. v. 43 ; I beare in hande, I threp
upon a man that he hath done a dede or make hj'm
hy\^\ie so, je fais accroy re, Palsgr. ; I bar him on honde
he hadde enchanted me, Chaucer C. T. d. 575.]
BARF, see Bargh.
BARFAN, BARFIN, BARFON, see Bargham.
BARGAIN, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Crn. Lin. Lei.
Nhp. War. Nrf Suf. Ess. Ken. Hmp. LW. Wil. Dor. Cor.
Also written bahgans e.Yks.' ; bargan Hmp." LW.^ ;
bargane Sc. ; bargen Dor.' ; bargun I.W.' [be rgan,
beagan, bagsn.]
I. 1. A contract, agreement.
Ant. A bargain's a bargain niver tae rue Till I be black and you
be blue, Ballyinena Obs. 1,1892'. Ess. Prouide against Mihehnas,
bargaine to make, For ferme to giue ouer, to keepe or to take,
Tusser Htisbaiidrie (1580) 34, St. 3.
2. A contract for certain work in a mine, claywork, &c.
Cor.2 [G/. Lab. (1894).]
3. A piece of work let amongst the workmen in a colliery,
at a certain price.
Nhb.' In lead mining, ' Miners generally take a certain length of
ground, in which they propose to raise ore, for a fixed time, at so
much per bing, according to the richness, quality, or hardness of
the mine. These bargains are taken in partnerships, consisting of
from two to eight men,' Mackenzie Hist. Nhb. (,1825) I. 100.
[Quarry men work on a portion of rock 9 yards wide, with the
height of the galleiy varying from 50 to 60 feet ; this is called
tlieir bargain, and is re-let to them every month at a certain price,
Gl. Lab. (.1894).]
4. Coiiip. (i) Bargain-letter, the person who lets the
bargains or contracts to the quarrymen ; (2) -man, one
who works by the bargain at special work, such as coal
or stone drifting ; (3) -pence, earnest money given on
striking a bargain ; (4) Saturday, see below; {5) -tacker,
the foreman, who undertakes the work in a section of
a lead mine ; (6) -taker, one who performs bargain-work
in a mine; (7) -work, {a) work let by tender among the
workmen in a colliery ; (b) work done by the piece.
(i) Crn. In the Dinorwic quarries the bargain-letter is the person
who lets the various bargains or contracts each month to the
quarrymen, rockmen, and others who work by the piece. He has
also to generally supervise the quarries, Gl. Lab. (1894 ;. (2) Nhb.'
(3. Ken.' (4) s.Sc. The lead mines were divided into sections,
and each section was wrought by a foreman and a number of men
in proportion to the size of the section. This foreman was called
the bargain-tacker (,W.G.). (5) I.W.2 There were three of these,
* Vust, Middle, and last Bargan Zadderday.' being the three
Saturdays immediately before Old Michaelmas Day, Oct. n ; they
were the fixed times for hiringyearly farm servants. \_(6) Gl. Lab.
(1894).] (7) (a) Nhb., Dur. Greenwell Coal. Tr. Gl. (1849).
[Work such as stone or coal drifting, rolley-way making, &c. , wlien
let by tender to workmen in the colliery, is called bargain-work, Gl.
Lab. (1894).] (i) Lei.', Nhp.' War.^ I have only heard bargain-
work in rural War. It is known as piece-work in Birmingham.
5. \npl. Value, consequence, importance. Cf. abargains.
e.Yks.' He's deead and gone ; let him gang, there w.is neca
great bahgans on him [he was of little or no use in the world,
so he is well out of it]. Lin,' It's no bargains.
6. A take in, a ' sell.'
Ir. Thrath, .Sir, you have the crathur at what we call in Ireland
a bargain, Carleton Traits Peas. {1843) I. 421 ; Common all over
Irel. Heard very often in reference to those who have made an
unfortunate marriage : ' Well, he has a bargain in her anyhow,' or
she in him, as the case may be {J.S.). Ant. ^S.A. B. ) s.Ir. A
horse a man buys turns out vicious : a girl a fellow marries turns
out a ' sthreel ' : ' Oh, you've got a bargain ! ' ' Oh, you've got your
tenth bargain' was once said to a man whose wife was just
delivered of her tenth daughter (P.W.J. ).
7. In p/ir. (1) a dear bargain, see below; (2) bargain o'
foolery, stuff and nonsense, or a stupid and empty thing.
(i)Ant. A drunken husband or mismanaging wife would be
called by the neighbours a dear bargain. Dear knows, he was a
dear bargain, Ballymena Obs. (1892); If a man got some sort of
present that was expensive to keep up — a sort of 'white elephant'
— it would be said ' He has got a dear bargain.' The phr. is in very
gen. local use (W.J.K.). (2) Sufi e.An. Dy. Times (1892^
II. 1. An indefinite number or quantity of anything.
e.An.i Two good tidy bargains of hay from an acre. A poor
bargain of wool from three score hoggets. Nrf. I have a good
bargain of corn this year — or a good bargain of lambs, Grose
(1790') ; Nrf.i A sad bargain of lazy chaps. Suf. A small bargain.
A good tidy bargain, e.Aii. Dy. Times (1892) ; Cullum //is/.
Hawsled (jSis) ; Suf.'
2. A load, esp. a wagon load.
Nrf. Fetch a bargain o' hay (E.M."l ; One boss bargain (G.E.D.) ;
Nrf.' Suf. A cart bargain, e.Aii Dy. Times (1892) ; Suf.' I'd three
bargains oft"a that there small filld. Also called a 'jag,' q. v.
3. A small farm or property.
Nhp.' That piece of land, or close, is my neighbour's bargain.
s.Hmp. Holloway. Hmp.' I.W. From a neighbour's small
BARGE
[163]
[JARGHAM
bargain, a plot of few lugs He cultures as garden, Moncrieff
Drrant in Oail. Mag. (18631 1. 31 ; I.W.> ; I.W.2 He got a small
bargain in Niton parish. n.Wil. Bargains of land are mentioned
in the terrier of Hilmarton parish i,E.H.G.). WU.' They have
always been connected with that little bargain of land. Dor.i
4. A yard, an enclosed piece of ground.
Hmp.' A rick bargan [a rickyard].
III. Contention, controversy.
Sc. Grose {l^go^ MS. add. (C.) n.Sc.(jAM.") Bnff. Still in use,
at least among older people ^W.G.). Abd. Thus at their bargane
we the lad maun leave Till of the squire some short account we
give, Ross Helcnore (1768I 102, ed. 1812 ; Sair bargain made the
herds to turn again. But what needs mair ? ib. 109.
Hence Bargain, v. to contend, fight.
Sc. Gkose (1790) MS. add. i,C.) n.Sc. The lass . . . bargains
tcugh and sair That Lindy there sud by his promise bide, Ross
Heienore (1768) no. cd. i8ia (Jam,). Bnff. Still in use (W.G.).
[III. Soche bargens are bytter jiat hafe a bare end,
Dest. Troy (c. 1^00) 2502 ; He helpit hym swa in that bar-
gane That thai thre tratouris he has slane, Barbour
Bruce (1375) VII. 221.]
BARGE, sb} Irel. A scolding woman.
N.I.", s.Ir. (.P.W.J.)
[The same as Barge, v.']
BARGE, sb? and adj. Chs. Shr. Dev. Also written
baarge Dev.*
1. sb. .' Obs. A great fat hog.
n.Dev. Grose (1790) MS. add iH.) Dev.* In the early part of
the century in gcii. use on Exmoor, particularly at Parracombe
and its neighbourhood.
2. A fat,, heavy person ; anything large.
s.Chs.' Oo z u praafi baaTJ uv u wiim'un [hoo's apratty barge of
a woman]. Shr.i A great barge of a thing. Dev. I'/iilolng. Soc.
Trans. (1858) 147; Grose (1790I MS. add. (C) n.Dev. Lick a
gurt baarge as tha art, Exm. Scold. (1746J I. 226 ; Ya blowmonger
baarge, ib. 1. 122.'
3. adj. Large, protuberant.
Shr.' Obsol. A great barge-bellied thing.
4. Comp. (1) Barge-board, ornamental boards which
skirt the edge of the roof and follow the outlines of
a gable ; (2) -hook, an iron hook used in thatching, to
fasten the straw to the woodwork of the gable ; (3) -knife,
the knife used in trimming oft' the straw round the eaves
of the gable ; (4) -rafter, the rafter outside the wall ; (5)
•wads, see below.
(i) So. (A.W.) sw.Sur. The gable-ends of roofs were always
finished with barge-boards, Nevill Co//n^cs I 1889)34. [Sometimes
a fascia — ornamental or otherwise — is fixed to the spars or rafters,
called barge-board (S.W.I.] (2, 3; n.Wil.(E.H.G.), Wil.i (4) Dev.
A mason, aged about 50, was heard to say, ' Us shall foace vor ha'
a new bairge-refter avore us kin putt the roof to rights,' Reports
Proviiic. (1895). (5) Dev. The word ' bairge ' is^«;. applied to the
wads or bundles called bairge-wads, to which the thatch of a house
or st.Tck is secured at the gables by spears [spars] or otherwise, ib.
BARGE, 5/;.* Irel. The Godwit, Limosa lapponica.
n.Ir. (S.A.B.) ; N.U
BARGE, sb.* Sc. Sur. Wil. Dev. Also written bairge
Dev. The outer edge of a gable : gen. used in coiiip.
n.Wil. (E.H.G.\ Wil.i Dev. Bring Uie thatch well down over
the bairge. Reports Proline. ( 1895) ; iR. P.C.I
BARGE, v.^ Irel. Yks. Lan. Chs. Not. [badg, beadg.]
1. To scold, abuse, 'slang.' See Bairge.
N.I.' s.Wxf. An' the girl kcp bargein' an' bangin' him with the
beesom, Fenian Nights in Shamrock Mag. (Feb. 10, 1894^ 314
col. 2 w.'Vks. He barged himsoa, 'at Jack turned r.ahnd an'pawsed
[kicked] himiWB.T.). Lan. ' I wunnot say whetherl am or not,'
cried Jim angrily, ' but I'll say as I wunnot be barged at,' Francis
Fustian (18951 169.
Hence Barging, i/W. sb. scolding in an abusive manner,
' slanging.'
Ir. So from that they got to buUyraggin' and bargin' one another
outrageous. Barlow Idylls (1892) 175. w.Yks. Nah, then!
stop thi barging! (W.B.f.). Lan. Yo'n bin agate bargin for nigh
a quarterof an hour, Longman's Mag. (1896) I. 254. Chs.'*
2. To boast, to brag.
Not.' In common use.
BARGE, v.'^ Wil. [badg.] To cut brushwood off a
hedge-bank and ditch.
Wil.' Before a hedge can be ' laid,' all its side, as well as the
rough thorns, brambles, &c. , growing in the ditch, must be cut
off. This is called ' barging out ' the ditch.
Hence Bargin, %>bl. sb. the overgrowth of a hedge,
trimmed oft' before the hedge can be ' laid.'
Wil.'
BARGE-DAY, sb. Nhb. Ascension Day, so called
from the barge procession formerly held on that day.
N.Cy.' Nhb. Denhant Tracts '■ ed. 1892'; I. 306 ; Nhb.' Ascension-
Day, on which the M,->yor and Corporation of Newcastle, with the
M,isterand Elder Brethren of the Trinity House, in their respective
state barges, rowed over the tidal limits of the rivar Tyne from
the Spar Hawk to Hedwin Streams, within which the Corporation
of Newcastle claimed right to the soil of the river. As an annual
custom this has been abandoned, but is now carried out at longer
interv'als with little of the ancient pomp and pageantry which
formerly characterised it. O would the Tyne but cease to flow,
Or, like a small burn, bubble, There would not be abarge-day now,
Gilchrist Bards of the Tyne (1835 398.
BARGEMAN'S CABBAGE, sb. Bck. Brassica cam-
peslris.
Bck. So called on the banks of the Thames.
BARGH. sb. n.Cy. Cum. Yks. Der. Lin. Also in the
forms bar Der.'* nw.Der.' ; barf n.Yks' e.Yks.' m.Yks.'
w.Yks.' Lin.' ; barugh n.Yks.' ne.Yks.' ; baurgh Cum.'
n.Yks.' ; bearg (K.I ; berg N.Cy.' w.Yks.' [baf.J
1. A long low ridge or hill, gen. isolated.
N.Cy.', Cum.' Yks. If Brayton bargh, and Hambleton hough,
and Burton bream Were all in thy belly 'twould never be team.
Braj'ton Bargh is a small hill in a plain country covered with wood.
Bargh, in the Northern dialect, is properly a horse-way upa steep
hill ; though here it be taken for the hill itself, Rav Prov. (1678)
339. n.Yks. "2*, ne.Yks.' e.Yks. Buckland . . . mentions how the
distinct and lofty ridges of gravel mentioned by him also exist in
Holderness in Yks. There they are locally known as barfs, and
are composed chiefly of rolled chalk Hints, and a few primitive
pebbles, Howorth Glacial Nightmare 118931 I. 81; e.Yks.' A
frequent affix to the names of villages and farmsteads, as Brans-
botton [Brandesburton] Barf. ra.Yks.'. w.Yks.' Lin. A'. & Q.
(1871) 4th S. vii. 379 ; Barf is a term in common use in our Lines,
topography, e.g. Beelsby Barf, Ton Barf, Hovvsham Barf, Streat-
FEiLD Lin. and Danes {i&8^] 175; Lin.'
2. A horseway up a steep hill.
n.Cy. Grose 11790 ! ; N Cy.2, Cum.' Yks. Bailev(i72I) ; (K.) ;
Ray Prov. (16781 339; Coles £ng. Diet. (1677; ; (P.R.^ ; Leeds
Mere. Siippl. (Feb. 9, 1884"! 8. Der. Grose (17901 MS. add.;
Der.' In the Peak of Der. all those steep and precipitous roads
which run down from the cliffs to the vallej-s, where the villages
are generally plac'd, they call Bars, whence Bakewell Bar, Beely
Bar, Baslow Bar, Rowslcy Bar, &c. In Der. when they say ' I
went up the Bar,' or down it, 'tis the same as saying ' I went up
[or down] the hill,' and indeed there is no other way of ascending
these kinds of hills but by the w.ay or road. B,awcross at Bakewell
is a corruption for Bar-cross, crosses being usually set upon these
hills, especially if the bounds of a parish happen to fall there ;
Der.2, nw.Der.'
[OE. beor/i (mount, hill), the same as barrow (a mound),
q.v.l
BARGHAM, sb. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Win. Yks.Lan.
Also in the forms bahfam n.Yks.; bahfin e.Yks. e.Yks.';
barcom w.Yks. w.Yks.* ; barfam n.Yks.'* ne.Yks.' ; bar-
fan n.Yks."^ e.Yks.; barfham Nhb.'; barfing e Yks.;
barfon n.Yks.; barfum Cum.; bariham Lan.' n.Lan.';
barkham N.Cy.' Win.' w.Yks.'; barkhaam Nhb.';
barkuni m.Yks.' w.Yks.' Lan.'nc.Lan.' ; barriam n.Lan. ;
barrum Win.' ; barryham Cum. ; barsham n.Cy. ; barson
Yks.; bar-wham Nhb. (K.l ; batirghham Yks. ; baurgh-
wan n.Cy. n.Yks.; braffam N.Cy.' Nhb.' Dur.' Cum.';
braichum Biift.' ; brakum Sc. ; brauchin Cum.; brau-
ghani N.Cy.' Nhb.' Wm. i^ Cum.'; brecham Sc. Nhb.
Dur.; brechom (Jam.); briham, brime, Nhb.' [ba fam,
ba'kam.]
1. A horse-collar. See also Bumble-bargham.
Sc. A pair of hames, a brechom fine, Ramsay Tea-Table Misc.
(1724) I. 175, ed. 1871 ; ■ If yon lads stand to their tackle,' said
Cuddie, ' we'll hae some chance o' getting our necks out o' the bre-
cham again," Scott Old Mortality (1816) xvii ; Ye have set j'oursell
down on the very brecham that wants stitching, ib. Midlothian
(i8i8i v; A'. & Q. (1854) ist S. x. 293 ; The brcchams see Fast
bound they be, Drummond Miickoniachy (1846) 9. Bnff.' A horse-
Y 2
BARGHEST
L164]
BARISH
collar, woven of straw. Abd., Kcd. Alexander Notes and Sketches
(1877) 36. Ayr. Wi' ... a braw new brechan, My Pegasus I'm
got astride, Burns IVillie Chalmers. Lth. Morton Cyclo. Agiic.
(1863). Bwk. jl/o;i//(/y^/a^. (1814) I. 31. n.Cy. Grose i 1790) ; The
collar, barring, or preventing the hames from touching the horse's
shoulders, Holloway ; N.Cy.' Nhb. ; K.) ; Nhb.i Paide for a grete
bregham to the carte heede, 25. 6d., Nnecastle Munic. Ace. (Mar.
1592'. As country lads be a' arraj'ed Wi' branks and brecham on
each mare, Scott Minstrelsy (1802) Jock o' the Syde. Dur. (K.l,
Dar.l Cum. Kit gat a braugham in his han', Stagg Misc. Poems
(1805) 14 ; A rig reape, braugham, pair o' beams, Gilpin Pop.
Poetry (1875) 106 ; (H.W.1 ; Lait up strea brafTms, reapp traces
enue, Dickinson Ci(H!6>'. (1876) 218 ; Grose (17901; A horse-collar
formed by stuffing straw into an old stocking, Gl. (1851); Cum.'
Wm. (E.G.) Yks. The collars of straw or rushes put round the
necks of drawing horses to defend them from the hames or pieces
of wood to w""" the traces are fastned (K.) ; Morton Cyclo. Agric.
(1863) ; Some swellings, such as have been caused by bad barfens
on the shoulders. Knowlson Cattle Doctor (1834) 246; Grose
(1790) MS. add. (P.) n.Yks. The neck collar of a horse to
which the heeams are attached for enabling the animal to pull, &c.
(W.H.) ; (H.M.) ; Neither traces, hames, nor baurghwans, Meri-
TON Praise Ale (1684) 1. 93 ; n.Yks.i ; n.Yks.^ A horse's leathern
collar; n.Yks.3 e.Yks. 'What's matther. Bill?— Matther! Whah,
yon dizzy-heeaded feeal's teean mah dikin-beeats, an cutten tops
up ti mend bahfin wiv, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889') 93; Mar-
shall Riir. Econ. (1788); e.Yks.', ne.Yks.', m.Yks.' w.Yks.
(S.P.U.); HuTTON Tour to Caves (1781); w.Yks.' They welted
t'cart oweryusterday, an brak'th barkum, ii. 286. Lan.' n.Lan,
Dhat bariam wants stufin' afresh (W. S.) ; n.Lan.' The hames are
the two crooked pieces of ^vood round a horse-collar. The stuff-
ing of hay within was called the hamberwe. Thus bariham means
lit. the stuffing protecting the hames. ne.Lan.' I. Ma. Inthe interior
of the island these collars made of straw may still beseen^W. H H.).
2. A flat piece of leather, attached to the top of a horse-
collar.
w.Yks. (S.K.C.); Yksman. CoH!('cy<«K.(i879')33;Apieceof leather
on the top of a horse-collar, of little use, but sometimes turned
down to let off the rain, Leeds Merc. Sitppl. (Aug. 1, 1891^) ; w.Yks.^
3. Any untidy, clumsy piece of dress, butesp. anything
wrapped round the neck.
Bnfif.' He's aye unco ill-dereyt; an' for's neck, he hiz eye a great
braichum o' a neckpin thrumiut aboot it. Abd. In use, but not
often heard CW.M. 1.
4. The old-fashioned arrangement of the trouser-band
and front.
Nhb.' Briham, or Birgham-flap.
[Bargham, Barwam, epip/iiinn, Cat/i. Atigl. (1483); Hec
epicia, a berhoin, Voc. (c. 1450) in Wright's Voc. 811. OE.
beorg- (fr. beorgan, to protect) -t-/in;;2 (hoin), a covering;
see Hames.]
BARGHEST, sb. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Der. Not. Lin. Also written bargest Wm.' e.Yks.'
n.Lin.^; barghast w.Yks.'^'* Der.* nw.Der.' ; barghaist
Nhb. n.Yks.^ e.Yks.' ; bargheist Cum. Wm. Lan. ; bar-
gast, bargust Not. ; bargas, barghist w.Yks. ; bah-geeast
e.Yks. ; bargiss m.Yks.' ; bargus Not.^ ; bargeist Lan. ;
boh-ghost n.Yks.* [ba'rgast, bagsst.]
1. A ghost, wraith, or hobgoblin.
n.Cy. A frightful goblin armed with teeth and claws. ... It was
gen. believed that the faculty of seeing this goblin was peculiar to
certain individuals, but that the gift could be imparted to another
at the time of the ghost's appearance by the mere action of touch-
ing (Hall.) ; N.Cy.' A local spirit, haunting populous places, and
howling at midnight before any dire calamity. Nhb. He needed
not to care for ghaist or barghaist, devil or dobbie, Scott Rob Roy
(1817) xiv. Nhb.' The brag and the bar-ghaist are local 'boggles.'
Dur. To roar like a barguest {prov. e.vpression), Henderson Flk-Lore
(1879) vii. Cum. A boggle that haunts burial places (M.P.). Wm.
A barguest is a spirit known only through the sense of hearing,
being a something which, during the dark hours of night, disturbed
the last generations with its awlul howling, Whitehead Leg.
(1859) 75, ed. 1896; We sa nowt i't rooad, nea boggles, ncr
bargest, ner nowt a that mack, Clarke Spec. Dial. (1865) 7 ;
He had been afraid of meeting a barguest in his boyish days,
Southey Doctor (1848) ccxiv ; Wm.' Eh, George, a seen a
bargest — it bed eyes es big es saucers an a teeal es lang es three
or foor cart-reeaps. Yks. A ghost, commonly appearing near gates
or stiles, Gkose (1790); Of this sort arc ... the daemon of Tid-
worth, the black dog of Winchester, and the bar-guest of York,
Brand Pop. Autiq. (1848; III. 83 ; (K.) n.Yks.' We hear of bar-
guests in the form of a mastiff, a pig, a large donkey, a calf, &c. ;
n.Yks.2 The barguest is a harbinger of death to those who happen
to hear its shrieks in the night ; for they are not audible except
to people ' whose times have nearly come.' So and so will die
soon, 'for last night he heard the barguest' ; n.Yks.^ ne.Yks.'
e.Yks. A hobgoblin terrible in aspect, and loaded with chains of
tremendous rattle, Marshall Rur. Econ. (1788) : He skoothered
alang hedge sahd like a patlhridge fo' fear White Lady sud
cum wivoot her heead ; or bahgeist, wiv ees as big as tecah
saucers, Nicholson Z'/i-S/). (18891 33 ; e.Yks.' m.Yks.' w.Yks.
A spirit or demon attached to a town or village. Willan List IVds,
(1811) ; Ah nivver dar goa past t'church be mesen for fear a seein
t'padfooit or a bargus, Tom Treddlehoyle Eairnsta Ann. (1853) 40;
Wat 03 war Meari kudnt tel, bat Jan an am wa satanli laik 3
bagest [what they wer Meary could not tell, but yan ov 'em wer
sartainly loike a barguest], Dixon Craven Dales (i88i) 194; He
would have delighted to have kept a pack of bargests, ib. 6 ;
I heerd again this brush, brush, brush wi' t'chains . . . an' then,
thowt I, this mun be a bargest, Lucas Stud. Nidderdale \C. 1882)
150 : w.Yks.'24 Lan. The barguest or barn-ghaist of the Teutons
is reported to be a frequent visitor in Lan., Harland & Wilkinson
Flk-Lore (1867) 91 ; If t'thing ta sa rattled a cheean and hed
een like sacers,it was t'bargest, 'Eavesdropper ' Vtll. Life (1869)
64 ; The boggart or bargaist . . . resembles the Scotch brownie,
RoBY Trad. (1872) I. Der.' It has great saucer eyes, and is like
a great dog or bear ; and whoever meets it must give it the wall,
or it will fall upon him ; Der.*, nw.Der.' n.Lin. He told 3'ou some
soft tale maybe about . . . bargests, Peacock R. Skirlaiigk (1870)
I. 49 ; n Lin.'
2. One who has the power of perceiving the disembodied
spirits of living men.
Wm. Of one who is dying it will be said, ' He won't be long here,
the bargest has been to see him.' The bargest says, ' Is he gone
yet?* — ' No.' — ' Well,' answers the bargest, ' he'll not be long, for
I met him as I came.' An old superstition that lingers amongst the
fells and moors iB.K.) ; Clarke Spec. Dial. (1865) 7.
3. A term of reproach or abuse ; one who is unsightly
in appearance ; a noisy or ill-conducted person.
ne.Yks.' Thoo barguest ! e.Yks. A little active wilful fellow, who
filled his mother with fear and terror, by constantly running away
from her, was addressed thus, ' Cum here, thoo lahtle bagheeast ;
thoo ommast flays [affrights] ma oot o' mi wits,' Nicholson Flk-
Sp. (1889). w.Yks. I can tell yo 'at I wor sich a bargest as yo
ne'er see'd, Hallam IVadsley Jack (1881) xvii ; Grainge
JVidderdale [1862) 225. Not. ' You noisy bargust ' is said to a child
(J.H.B.). s.Not. Go and pull them fow rags off of j-er, yer ugly
bargest, an' dress yersen decent. Y'er alius i'th' road, yer young
bargest. Ger out ! (J.P.K.) Not.^
BARGLE, V. and sb. Sc. [bergl.]
1. V. To bandy words, carry on a useless controversy.
See Argle-bargle, v.
Inv. (H.E.F.) Bnff. They barglt wi the aul wife for mehr nor
half an oor, bit she steed up t' them an keepit her grun < W.G.).
Hence (i) Barglan, vb/. sb. ; (2) Barglin, />/>/. atij.
Bnfr. (i) The barglan o' the twa wiz jist like to ger ma lugs
crack. (2j He's a barglin bit bodie ; he is never richt bit fin he's
conterin some ane 1 W.G.).
2. sb. A squabble, quarrel, mostly in words.
Bnff. The twa heeld sic a bargle wi ane anither at I wiz jist
fairly daivt (W.G.).
BAR-GOOSE, sb. Nrf. Ess. Ken. Wil. [ba-.gus.]
1. The barnacle goose, Beniicla leiicopsis.
Ess. Swainson Birds (1885) 149.
2. The common sheldrake, Tadoma corntita.
Nrf. Cozens-Hardy Broad Nif. (1893) 43. Ken. Common about
Sittingbourneand neighbourhood, including Sheppey (P.M.); Ken.'
3. The wliite-fionted goose, Aiiser albifrons.
Wil. It is provincially known as the Bar Goose from the dark bars
upon the breast. Smith Birds (1887) 459.
BARGUN, see Bargain.
BARISH, sb. Irel. Also written baarich Wxf.'
1. Barley. Wxf.'
2. Coiiip. Barish-amang.
Wxf.' Leth aam gaame wee aar barish-amang [let them game
with their barley-mung], 100.
[Bar (bear, OE. bere), barley -f -/5/( ; for the suflf. cp.
arrish, eddish.'\
BARISH
[165]
BARKEN
BARISH, adj. Nhb. Yks. [bea-rij.] Scanty, rather
bare.
Nhb.i The cupboard wis barisli. Tlior wis a barish market the
day. He's barish o' brass the noo. n.Yks. I.W.) ; ' It's nobbut
a barish spot,' said of any part of a grass or arable field on which
the grass or crop does not thrive (.G.W.W.). w.'Sfks. Of poor
lodgings, especially where the diet is meagre, it will be said,
' Ther's nobbut barish pikin's [lit. pickings, eatables, food] yonder.'
Or of sheep that have to live on bare moorlands, 'They've nobbut
barish pikin' heare' (iE.B.).
[Bare, adj. + -/s/;.]
BARK, sb} Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Der. Not. Lei.
Nhp. War. Wor. e.An. [bark, bak.]
1. A box or receptacle, formerly made of bark, used for
holding candles or candle-ends; also in comp. Candle-
bark.
n.Cy. Grose (1790) ; A cylindrical box formed now of wood,
but more ^CH. of tin, Dcii/iaiii Tracts (ed. 1895) II. 33; N.Cy.'
Nhb.', Cum.' w.Yks. Tom's hahce hed a been brokken inta, if it
heddant a been for a cannal bark, To.M Treodlehoyle Bainisia
Ann (18691 8; w.Yks.'^; w.Yks.^The cannle bark; w.Yks. ■•s,
Lan.', Der.', nw.Der.', Not. (J.H.B.)
2. The skin, epidermis.
Lnk. And dang the bark AfTs shins, Ramsay Poems ^1727") 61,
ed. 1733. e.Yks.' Ah knockt a bit o' bark off, MS. ailit T.H.^
■w.Yks. Getten th' clooas riven off ther backs an th'bSrk takken oft'
ther shins an elbows, Hartley Tales, and S. 66. Lan. It a child
in the yard . . . knocked the bark off an angular limb, it went
cryingto BessyClegg, Banks jl/a//f/i. Vl/rt« (1876 ii ; He's knocked
th' bark oft' his shin wi gittin o'er that rail 1 S.'W.). ne.'Wor. ' The
doctor s.iys I've got no bark to my inside,' said a woman who had
been told that the coating of the stomach was destroyed i J.W.P. •.
Slang. To the detriment of what is called by fancy gentlemen ' the
bark' upon his shins, Uickens M. Chiizzleimt \ 18.441 -^X'
3. Tlie hard outside of cooked or uncooked meat.
Lei.', Nlip.i'', -War.^
4. The tartar deposited inside a bottle by wine or any
other liquor. [Not known to our correspondents.]
e.An.'
5. A long, narrow vessel used in dyeing hanks.
w.Yks. J.G.,; (S.K.C.-i; (R.S.)
6. In phr. hcliveeii the bark and the ivood, a well-adjusted
bargain where neither party has the advantage.
Nrf.'
BARK, sb^ Nhb. Lan. Cant. An Irishman.
Nhb. Fond o' toddy, full o' larks, fytin sumtimes wi the barks,
Chater Tyneside Aim. (1869: 33 ; Some thirty years ago the Irish
residents in Sandgate, Newcastle, formed three-fourths of the in-
habitants, and were always having quarrels with keelmen, &c.
They were, and still are, called barks (M.M.). Lan. An Irishman
is vulgarly called a bark. A^. & Q. (1869) 4th S. iii. 406. Cant.
When 1 was about fourteen I slung my 'ook and joined some
travellin' Barks, Carew Aiitobiog. Gipsy (1891) xxxv. Slang.
Farmer.
BARK, r-.' Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. 'Wm. Yks. Lan. Stf
Der. Not. Lin. War. Wor. Shr. Brks. Dev. [bark, bak.]
\. To strip a tree of its bark, esp. for the purpose of
tanning.
Sc. (Jam.)
Hence (i) Barked, //i/.rtr^'. stripped of bark ; (2) Barker,
sb. (a) a person employed in stripping or rinding trees ;
(b) a rubber or whetstone used tor sharpening scytiies ;
(3) Barking-iron, an iron tool used in peeling off bark
from trees.
(0 Sc. A barkit aik-snag, Scott Rob Roy (1817'! xxi ; (Jam.)
(2) Dev. w. Times I, Feb. 26, 1886) 2, col. a ; In some places in Dev.
barker is applied to a piece of wood used in the same way as the
stone balker, and for the same purpose, viz. sharpening scythes
in the field (R.P.C.). (3) se.Wor.'
2. To tan leather.
Sc. Tanning is thus denominated, because the bark of trees is
the great article used in this operation (Jam.).
Hence Barked, ppl. adj. tanned.
Sc. Twa buits of barkit blasint leather, Ramsay Tea- Table Misc.
(1724) I. 175, ed. 1871.
3. To knock or rub off the skin, esp. from the shins.
Sc. To bark one's shins, is to take the skin olT the ancles by a
blow or fall, so that in healing a crust is formed 1 A.W.). Nhb.'
Cum.' He bark't his nockles ower tudder fellow's skope. Wm.'
He's barkt his shin. w.Yks. He barked his shins agean tubs
an barrils an boxes. Hartley Clock Aim. (1886 59; Barkin
t'skin oft' nrc shins wi groaping abaht for t'matches, Pttdsey Olnt.
1889) 29. Stf.2 Ar Dick is lungeous [rough]; 'C kicked mC at
footba' th' other dee, an barked my shins ewer so. Oi knocked my
fut agSn th' cart whC-l an oi sC its barked my shins a bit. Not.
'He barked his shins ' and ' He broke his shins' arc interchange-
able phrases (J.H.B.^. War.^ ; War.^ I have barked my shin
badly. Used by old people in rural War. ne.Wor. 'J.W.P.)
Shr. 'Bark' means to knock the skin off shins by kicking, &c.,
Bound Prov. \ 1876) ; Shr.' 'E rawlcd 'ini about shameful, an*
barked 'is shins bcsrde ; Shr.*, Brks.' Slang. He barked his
shin bone unaware, Calveuley Verses (i86a) 87.
4. Of dirt : to clot, harden, encrust, adhere ; gen. used
as ppl. adj.
Sc. The face is said to be ' barkit wi" dirt' when it is very dirty
(Jam.). Buff.' He barkit's claise wee red clay. Abd. Yer face is
barked o'er wi' smush, Beaities Pan'ii^s (1801)5, ^^' '873- N.I.'
Your skin is barked with dirt. N.Cy.' Barked, covered with dirt as
though with bark. n.Yks.* e.Yks. Best Riir. Econ. i,i64i'i 11;
e.Yks.' w.Yks.' It war parfitly barked wi' muck, ii 296 ; w.Yks.*
Lan. Barkit, Grose (1790 Mii. add. {C.) ne.Lan.', De..' n.Lin.'
Yer ban's is fairly barked wi' muck. War. (J.R.W j
BARK, v.'^ Sc. Uur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf Der.
War. Wor. Brks. Sus. [bark, bak.]
1. Of foxes : to utter a short, sharp cry.
ne.Lan.' Foxes are said to bark at rutting time. [A fox is said
to bark when inclined to copulate, Mayer Sptsmn's Direct. (1845)
'44-1
2. To cough hoarsely.
Dur.', e.Yks.' w.Yks. Ad gotten a rare cowd yo mind. . . Off
ah started barking like a yard dog, Tom Treddlehoyle Trip la
London (1851) 28 ; Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Aug i, 1891). s.Clis.'
Ahy rea'li du)nu noa- wot wi)sn ddo wi dhii litl un ; it diiz nuwt
bubaa'rk, baark. baa'rk au' dee' lungg, Cm it liflaan'ds bin dhaat-
thin", yu)kn wel'i sey throo um [I raly dunna know what we
san do wi' the little 'un ; it does nowt bu' bark, bark, bark aw dec
lung, an' it little hands bin that thin, y6 con welly sey through 'em].
Stf.^ Usually in phr. 'coughing and barking.' Mi brethins aafull bad
this mornin, an oi've bin coughin an barkin aa' neght. nw.Der.',
ne.Wor. (J.W.P.), Brks.', Sus.«
Hence Barking, {a) vbl. sb., (b) ppl. adj. coughing.
(a) Sc. (Jam. S:(p/'l.) w Yks. 'Coughing and barking is the
diaphragmatic convulsive clamour of bronchitis. Dyer Dial. (1891)
loi. War.* The child cannot sleep at nights for barking. Sus.
I can't abear for my master to goo to church ; for he keeps up such
a barking, that nobody can't hear naun for him. (6) Sc. ' A barkin'
hoast,' a short, hard, rapid cough (Ja.m. Suppl.). n.Yks. A barking-
cough (I W.).
3. To boast, ' crow.'
w.Yks. Jimmy'd done a deal o' barkin 'cos he'd licked all he'd
fo'tten [fought], but when he started o' me Ah gav' him sich a
p'undin". sich aleathcrin', whol' he's niver barked abaht his fcightin'
sin' (JE.B.) ; w.Yks. =
4. Phr. (i) flrt/vtrt//'/(?f/', to wait outside the door ; a\so/ig.
(2) barking andjleeiiig, said of one who spends his property
in a prodigal way, and is believed to be on the eve of
bankruptcy (Jam.).
(i) Cum. • Bark at t'heck' is used when a young man follows and
pa3's suit to a young woman who won't have him. J whon Simpton
goes efter Mary Wilson and barks at t heck, but she willcnt hcv
him. An unacceptable lover is thus compared to a dog barking at
a gate or obstruction which he cannot get over (J A.). Cum.'
(2) Sc. O, the bonny lands of Milnwood ! . . . they are barking
and ftccing, outfield and infield, haugh and holme, Scott Old Mor-
tality .Sib"! viii. Flf. He's hunting and hawking, but he'll soon be
barking and ftccing (Jam.).
[1. To bark like a fox, gaiiiiirc, Robertson Phras.
(1693) ; Bark, the foresters say at rutting time a fox
barketh, Phillips (1678); Gaiiiiio, to barke or crie like
a fo.xe. Cooper (1565).]
BARKEN, sb. Obsol. Glo. Wil. Dor. Som. An en-
closed space or yard, a farmyard, rickyard. See Barton.
s.Cy. Grose (1790\ Glo. The whole barken be a-fire, Gissing
Vill. Hampden {iBgotW. \ ; Glo.' 2 WU. Listening to the ' buzzing
of the threshing machine in the barken beyond the farmyard.'
Ke.nnard Diogenes' Sandals U893' ii ; Slow G/. (1892. ; Britton
Beauties (1825) ; By seven o'clock the last load was drawn into the
farmers well-stored barken, A ker man Tales ;i853i 121 ; Commonly
BARKEN
[i66]
BARLEY
used for a yard or backside in Wil. and other counties. But it
first signified the small croft or close where the sheep were
brought up at night, and secured from danger of the open fields,
Kessett Par. Aiitiq. (,I695^ ; Vox in Comitatu Wilts usitatissima,
atrium, a yard of a house. Skinner (1671). n.Wil. ' Thaay be up
to barken' [rickj'ard], said the boy, Jefferies Gt. Estate (i88o~) ix.
Wil.' 2 Dor. An' spring away right backward, flop Down into
barken pon", Barnes Poems U863) 70, ed. 1879; An' when in
barkens yoppen dogs Do bark at vo'k a-comen near, ib. 88 ; Barnes
Gl. (1863) ; Dor.i We hunted you about the grassy barken, 63.
Som. SwEETMAN IViiicanto)! Gl. (1885V
[A barken, the yard of a house, Bailey (1721) ; A barken,
cois, atriitin. Coles (1679).]
BARKEN, V. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
[barkan, bakan.]
1. Of blood or dirt : to clot, become hardened, encrusted ;
gen. used as ppl. adj.
Sc. The best way's to let the blood barken upon the cut — that
saves plasters, Scott Guy M. (1815) xxiii ; Grose (1790) MS. add.
(C.) Edb. Lifting up one of his eyes, the other being stiff and
barkened down, MoiR Afaiisie Wauch (1828) xvi ; Got the other
eye up when the barkened blood was loosed, ib. Bwk. Grey
fac'd, barkin't sutor Gib, Wi' a' the wives is unco sib, Henderson
Pop. Rhvmes (1856) 119. Slk. Drought had sooked up the pools,
and left their cracked bottoms barkened in the heat, Chr. North
Nodes (ed. 1856') II. 405. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.) Nhb.'
Generally used in connection with the coagulation of blood. Dur.'
Cum. 'Fairly barkened wi' dirt' is very seldom heard now, perhaps,
but was very expressive of neglect (M.P.) ; Cum.* : Ciim.^ For God-
seak put that barne in t'dolly tub an' scrubt ; its fairly barken't
ower wid muck. 'Wra.' Whaars ta beean 1 tha's au barken'd ower
wi blead an dirt. n.Yks.' T'puir bairn's heead an' feeace an' airms
an a' wur fairly barkened ower wi' dry muck; n.Yks. 2 Barken'd
ower, encrusted. w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Snppl. [Aug. i,i8gi). Lan.'
Eh ! thae art mucky ; it's fair barken'd on thi.
Hence Barkan, vbl. sb. the act of encrusting with dirt.
Bn6f.'
2. To tan ; gen. used as ppt. adj.
Sc. Effie used to help me to tumble the bundles o' barkened
leather up and down, Scott Midlothian (1818) v. Cum. To bawcon
or cure sheep skynes, Ferguson Hist. (1890) xiii.
[He vmquhile after the cart was rent With barknyt
blude and powder, Douglas Virg. (1513) 48. 3 (Jam.).
Bark, sb.' + -en.]
BARKER, s6.' Obs.l Sc. Nhb. A tanner.
Sc. Na sutar, tanner, or barker may buy hydis of mair price,
Balfour Prnc^i'ffo (1754) 74 (Jam). N.Cy.' Nhb.' The Incorpo-
rated Company of Barkers or Tanners in Newcastle. (Obs.)
[I am a barker, sir, by my trade, Tanner of Tamworth
(1396) 67, in Percy's Reliqites, ed. 1878, I. 308 ; Hie serdo,
Ilic frnnilor, berkere, Nom. (c. 1450), in Wright Voc.
685. 35 ; Barkere, cerdo^friinio. Prompt. In a detailed list
(c. 1430) of the York Plays and of the crafts assigned to
perform them ' Barkers' appears in the place of the older
'Tannours' of Burton's List (c. 1415); see York Plays, Pref.
xix. The word barker is found in the Wei. Bible : Simon
barcer (S. a tanner), Acts ix. 43.]
BARKER, sh.'^ Slang. A pistol, firearm.
Slang. Thcyareneverwithout barkers and slashers. ScoTrGKy^.
(1815) x.xxiii; ' I have got a pair of barkers that will match yours,'
and he showed that he also was armed with pistols, ib. Nigel (^1822)
xxvii ; Out with the barkers, finger on trigger, stand and deliver !
Whyte-Melville A'n/f)/(7/oi 1875) xxv; 'Barkers for me, Barney.'
. . . ' Here they are,' replied Barney, producing a pair of pistols,
Dickens O. Tunsl 1 1850) xxii ; ' What's here ?' cried he, searching
the attorney's pockets. ' A brace of barkers,' handing a pair of
pistols to Turpin, Ainsworth Rookwood (^1834) III. xiii.
[Bark,\\i.'^ + -er.]
BARKER, see Balker.
BARKER'S KNEE, phr. Cor. See below.
Cor. Barker did not believe in * knockers' [mine-fairies, gnomes] ;
one day he got amongst a lot of them, who threw their mining tools
at him. and hitting him on the knee he ever afterwards walked stiffly
(M.A.C.) ; Cor.2 Hunt, in his Romances of the \V. of Eiig., says
that the fairies called buccas, or knockers, once left all their tools on
Barker's knee. The knee was so injured that it continued stiff
ever after. ' As stiff as Barker's knee ' became a proverb. Who
Barker was is not stated.
BARKING-IRON, sb. Irel. Cant. A pistol. See
Barker, sb.^
Ir. I shall be on the bridge to-morrow morning, with a case of
barking-irons, Barringion Sketches (1827-32) VII. ii. Cant. Take
back your snapper, and look you, prick the touch-hole, or 3'our
barking-iron will never bite for you, Ainsworth Rookwood (,1834)
II. vi ; A brace of barking-irons, a pair of pistols. Monthly Mag.
(1799) I 22 ; Pistols, from their explosion resembling the bow-wow
or barking of a dog. Life B. M. Carew (,1791).
BARKLE, V. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Der. Not. Lin. Also
written barcle Nhb.' [ba'rkl, bakl.] Of dirt : to cake,
encrust, adhere.
Nhb.' Gen. used in connection with the coagulation of blood.
w.Yks. (S.P.U.); He's fairly barkled o'er with dirt. Seldom
heard now, but 20 or 30 years ago part of everj'day language
of woiking people, Leeds Alerc. Sitppl. (Jan. 3, 1891) ; He put the
pie in his hat, but soon the juice was running all down his face,
and his hair was barkled for weeks after (M.N.) ; Tha's barkled
wi' muck ( J.T.) ; w.Yks.^^ Lan. An yore hure's o barklt loike mi
naunt's mop full o' red sond, Kay-Shuttleworth Scarsdate\ i860)
II. 161; Keawerin' i'th'chimbley baikle't wi'slutch, Waugh C/;i;;;«.
Corner (1874') 152, ed. 1879 \ Those honds'll be barkle't wi' slutch
[mud],;'i Hermit Cobbler, v; O'loremeh fese wur dawbtun barckult
wi it too, Butterworth Sequel (1819) 19; Davies Races (1856)
273 ; Lan.' Applied to hair upon which dirt has hardened ; also
to a wound when the blood has hardened upon it. e.Lan.' Der.'
When yest, or lather, hardens on an object, it is said to barkle.
nw.Der.' Not. (J.H B. ) ; ' The dirt's barkled on you,' implying that
there are several coats of dirt on one, caked together W. H-S.^l ;
Not.^ n.Lin.' 1 was that barkled wi' muck when I com oot of Clcugh
Head, I thoht I should niver get m^'sen clean no moorc.
Hence Barkled,/!//. adj. in phr. barkled ov a lump, see
below.
w.Yks. In order to enable soft warp thread to better endure the
processof weaving, they have from time immemorial been 'sized';
when this was applied too strong or too thickly, the warp was
' barkl'd ov a lump,' sometimes ' cotter'd ' [baked] (,W.l'.) ; Thread
which is slack in the warp and which takes up too much size and
going on the dr3'ing machine bakes in a lump (J.C.).
\Bark, vb.'-t--/f, freq. sufT.]
BARKSELE, sb. Nrf Suf Also in form barksel
e.An.' ; barsale Nrf. ; barsel Suf [baksl, ba si.] The
bark harvest-time. See Seal (season).
e.An.' Nrf. Cozens-Hardy Bro«fl( A'i/ (1893) 25 ; Grose (1790);
Nrf.' Suf. e.An. Dy. Times (18921 ; (F H.)
BARKWAIN, sb. Chs. War. ? The damage done to
a tree when the bark grows into the timber, as in the
case of a yew.
Chs.i3, War. (J.R.W.)
BARLEY, sb. Var. dial, uses in comb, in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Hordeiim viilgare.
I, Comp. (i) Barley-bairn, see Barley-child; (2) -big,
common barley ; see Big ; (3) -bread ; (4) -broth, ale ;
cf barley-bree; (5I -buggle, a scarecrow; (6) -bump,
a sluggard ; (7) -champer, an instrument for cutting off
the beards of barley ; (8) -child, (9) -crop, see below ;
(10) -dick or -duggar, a cake made of barley-meal ;
(11) -fever, illness caused by drinking to excess ; cf
barrel-fever; (12) -mow, a stack or rick of barley;
(13) -mung (mang), barley-meal mixed with water
or milk, to fatten fowls or pigs ; (14) -pickle, the top-
most grain in an ear of barley; see Pickle ; (15) -pluin,
a dark purple plum; (i6) -sele, the time for sowing
barley; cf hay-sele ; (17) -time, a period during the
Peninsular War, when, owing to the scarcity of wheat,
barley had to be used for bread ; (18) -tommy, see below ;
(19) -zears, the beard of barley.
(i) n.Yks.'2 (2) Suf. Rainbird Agric. (zBig) 289, ed. 1849.
■Wil.' Obs. (3) Nhp.'^ An amusement practised by children similar
to cockle-bread. 14' Ken. Here, boy! a mug of barley broth,
Nairne Talcs (1790) 47, ed, 1824. (5) N.I.' 16 Nhp.^ 17) Sus.'
Oxf.' Barley-chomper, MS. add. (8) Shr.' Barley-child, a child
born in wedlock, but which makes its advent within six months of
marriage. The metaphor lies in the allusion to the time which
elapses between barley sowing and barley har\'est. (9) n.Yks.'
Not quite synonymous with barley-bairn, inasmuch as it is applied
rather to the fact of the too early birth than to the child born.
So and so's getten a barley-crop, then. (10) Nhb.' (11) Edb.
BARLEY
[i67l
BARLEY-BREAK
Though then in his sixty-first year . . . this was the first time he
ever had fallen a victim to the barley-fever ! Moir Mansie IVaiich
(1828) xxiv. (iS) Lei.' [Hence] a favourite sign for a village inn.
War.^ Dev., Cor. |Thc barley-mow song is sung when the mow
of barley is completed. It begins] Here's a health to the barley-
mow, my brave boys, Dixon Sngs, Eng. I'tas. (1846) 159, ed.
■857. (13) w.Yks.*, e.An.', Nrf.' (14) Sc. 13ut it's the barley-pickle
breaks the naig's back, and wi* my consent it shall not hae any
mair burden laid upon it, ScoTT Redi;. (1824) xx. (15) Wm.
(B. & H.) (16) e.An.' It is time to set barley when a man in
leather breeches can feel the earth warm whilst sitting on the
ground. Nrf.' (17) w.Yks. This term is applied to two seasons
of severe scarcity, just remembered by old people, when barley
cakes, made like parkin, were very commonly eaten by the poor ;
first, to the famine of 1782-3 ; secondly to the famine of 1799-
1800, when flour was sold at £6 per pack, I/l/.v. IVds. ; w.Yks.3
Lan. Notwithstanding which we read of barley times, bad trade,
visitations of pestilence, Brierlev Alarlocks (1867) 79. (18) Cor.
Three small loaves of barley bread, in the form of a triangle, and
cooked under a baking kettle in the old Style, are called ' baarley-
tommies' (F.H.D.). (19) nw.Dev.'
IL In bird-names: (1) Barley-ear, the whinchat, Pra-
liiicola rube/ra; (2) -seed bird, the grey wagtail, Motacilla
me/iino/'e ; also the yellow wagtail, M. raii \ (3) -snake
bird, the wryneck, Jyiix torquilla ; (4) -sower, the common
gull, Lams caiius. See also Barley-bird.
(i) Sus. It is known as the Barley-ear probably from the date
of its arrival coinciding with barley earing or ploughing for barley.
Smith Birds (1887) 151. (2) Yks. The grey wagtail makes its
appearance in the h. of Eng. about March, and is then most
abundant in those elevated parts of the county which are better
adapted for the growth of oats than of wheat, Swainson Birds
(1885)44. w.Yks.' [In some places the yellow wagtail is called
the ■ Barley Bird ' and in others the ' Oatseed Bird,' from its arrival
being coincident with the spring sowing of these two species of
grain, Smith Birds (1887) 179.] (3) Hmp. Swainson Birds (1885)
103. (4) s.Wil. Smith Birds (1887) 534. Wil.'
BARLEY, V. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
[barli, bali.] To claim by right of first choice, to be-
speak. Usually in phr. barley me. Cf. ballow, bags I.
N.Cy.' Nhb.' The word is used almost always by children in
play. The expressions, * He barleycd that seat,' ' Aa barlcyed the
shul,' mean that at sight of the articles one has been first to cry
out, ' Barley me that scat,' or ' that shovel.' The first to do so has
a right to the use of the article named, and it is a point of honour
among lads to acknowledge and give place to the one so doing.
Cum. (M.P.) ; Cum.* Barley me that. Wm.' ' Barley me o that '
I bespeak that for myself. In play, such as that of blind man's
buff, when the blindfolded person gets hold of any of his play-
mates, he says, ' Barley o tha,' signifying that he bespeaks or
appropriates his capture. w.Yks. Hamilton Niigae Lit. 18411
359 ; A person goes into a newsroom and * barleys ' or bespeaks
a newspaper or magazine (M.S.) ; w.Yks.' * ; w.Yks.^ Barley me
that desk. Lan. Tlie phrase is invariably ' Barley me,' A'. & Q.
(i865'i3rdS. vii. 84; Lan.' Generally used by children. ne.Lan.',
m.Lan.' Chs.' Used by boys in claiming the first innings
at any game. In playing 'Conquerors' the boy begins who
first says ' Barley me first blow ' ; Chs.^ ' Barley me the
first blow,' called out at rounders by the boy who first seizes the
bat s.Chs.' Ahy baa-rlid dhaat- kau'rnur [I barley'd thatcornerl.
Barley mey fog shot [Bags I first shot]. The word is only used
by schoolboys.
{Barley me (nicy) appears to have meant orig. ' Give
me.' Of doubtful origin. Perh. a form (contam. w.parhy)
fr. Fr. bailles-moi, fr. bailler, to give, grant, yield over
(COTGR.).]
BARLEY, int. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Stf Der. War. Won Shr. A cry for tnice in a game,
used by children when a short rest or break is wanted ;
also in phr. barley hands, barley faa an' kini;'s speecli ;
conip. Barley-bay, -faa. Sometimes an acknowledgement
of defeat in wrestling or fighting ; alsoy?^. See Bar.
Sc. A proper lad of his quarters that will not cry barley in
a brulzie, Scott IVairriey iiZi ^^ xlii ; 'A barley!' through the
armies baith .. . resoundit, Drummond Mu<komachy (1846) 20;
Used all over Scotland in children's games, when one chases
another. The one hard pressed saves himself from being caught
if just on the eve he cries 'barley,' N. & Q. (1872) 4th S. ix. 308.
N.L' Barley-play. NUb.' Barley-bay, Barley-faa, or Barley-faa-an'-
king's speech. The words always mean that the speaker wishes
the game to stop until some point of order is settled. Cum., Wm.
(M.P.) w.Yks. Shall therefore say ' barley' to this subject until
more information be obtained, Dyer Dial. {1891') 47; Used by
children in such a game as 'tigs,' Banks Wk/ld. IVds. '18651 ;
w.Yks.' ; w.Yks.^ I cried ' barley ' [or barlow] ; w.Yks.* When a
juvenile is hard pressed in games where swiftness of foot is the most
necessary, or wishes to stop to tie his shoe-band, or to speak to a
companion, &c., while at other games, if he or she cries out
' Barley ! ' they are entitled to these privileges and m.ay forthwith
do so, resuming his or her position at any time with the word
' Oflfl ' Lan. Aw'll hommer him whol he's fain to sheaut ' Barley,'
Clegg Z)afirf'iLoo«ui894) xxi. n.Lan.'.e.Lan.' Chs.' A school-
boy expression used in the pause of a game to indicate that the
person is temporarily exempt from playing, or from the penalties
of the game, as ' I'm barley hands.' s.Stf. I was just gooin' to lick
him when he cried ' barley,' Pinnock Bit. Cy. Ann. (18951. Stf.*
Barlies. nw.Der.' Barleys. War.*, Wor. (J.W.P. , Shr.l
[Never fash your noddle about me ; conscience ! I'sc no
be the first to cry barley, Smollett Reprisal (1757) II. iii.
Perh. the same as Barley, v. If so Barley ! would mean
prop. ' Grant me truce, quarter, grace.'
BARLEYBIRD, sb. e.An. Sus. Hmp. I.W. Wi). Dor.
Dev. Applied to the following birds: (i) the common
gull, Lariiscaniis ; (2J the nightingale ; (3) the Ray's wag-
tail, Motacilla flava ; (4) the siskin, Chrysomitris spimts ;
(5) the wryneck, Jynx turqiiilla.
(i) Dev. The common gull ... is called in some parts here-
abouts the barley-bird from the time of its appearance, at barley
sowing, I suppose, as I never observed them alight anywhere but
in the pastures. Bray Desc. Tainar and Taz'V \ 18361 I. 355. s.Dcv.
Swainson Birds t 188$) 208. (2) e.An.', Nrf.' Sut. Safnce Gossip
(18821 214 ; Suf.' (3) Sus. Knox Omilhol. Rambles (iS^g 204.
Hmp.' Known in the New Forest as the barley-bird, as it appears
about the time the barley is sown. Wise New Forest (1883 310.
{4) Nrf. Cozens- Hardy B)OrtrfA'>/ 1 1893) 43. Ess.' Wil. S.mitii
Birds (1887) 204. (s"! Suf. ^G.E. D.") Hmp. Called also ' spring
bird,' from the time of its arrival, and ' weet bird ' from its cry
(J.R.W.i; Swainson Birds 1,1885) 103. I.W.' Dor. Weston
Gazette (Feb. 15, 1889) 6, col. 7.
BARLEY-BREAK, sb. Obs. Sc. n.Cy. Lan. Chs.
Der. Also written barla.breikis, -brack Sc. A country
game, usually a form of ' tick,' q.v. See below. Also
known as Prison Bars, Boggle about the stacks.
Sc. And in this grove she means to stay, At barley-breaks to
sport and play, Ramsay Tea^TiihU Misc. (1724) II. 218, cd. 1871 ;
Generally played by young people in a corn-yard. Hence called
Barla-bracks about the stacks. One stack is fixed on as the dule
or goal : and one person is appointed to catch the rest of the
company, who run out from the dule. Any one who is taken . . .
is obliged to assist his captor in pursuing the rest. When all are
taken, the game is finished ; and he who was first taken is bound
to act as catcher in the next game. Obs. in s. Sc. and obsol. in
the «. (Jam. i Frf. Wi' warlocks whirl at barley-brack, Beattie
Arnha' (c. 1820') 22, ed. 1882. N.Cy.' Now called Boggle about the
stacks, q. v. Lan. We play at barley-breaks. Harland& Wilkin-
son FlkLorc (.1867) 181. Chs.'3, Der.» [Hone Tablebk. (,1827)
I. 37-]
[Played by six people, three of each sex, who were
coupled by lot. A piece of ground was then chosen, and
divided into three compartments, of which the middle one
was called hell. It was the object of the couple condemned
to this division to catch the others, ... in which case
a change of situation took place, and hell was filled by
the couple who were excluded by preoccupation from
the other places. . . . By the regulations of the game, the
middle couple were not to separate before they had suc-
ceeded, while the others might break hands whenever
they found themselves hard pressed. When all had
been taken in turn, the last couple were said to be in hell,
and the game ended, Gikford Note on Massinger, I. 104
(Nares) ; And give her a new garment on the grass,
After a course at barley-break or base, B. Jonson Sad
Shep. (1641) I. ii ; He is at barley-break, and the last
couple are now in hell, Massinger Virgin-Martyr (1622)
V. 1 ; Play at ball and barley-breaks. Burton Anal. Mel.
(1621), ed. 1836, 349; Tiers, a kind of play, somewhat
like our barly-break, Cotcr.]
BARLEY-BREE
[168]
BARM
BARLEY-BREE, sh. Sc. Yks. Also in form barley-
brie, -broo Sc. Malt liquor, esp. whisky or ale. See
Bree.
Sc. But we'll take a soup of the barley bree, Ramsay Tea-Tahte
Misc. (1724') II. 163, ed. 1871 ; Reared the flagon to his head from
which he withdrew it not while a single drop of barley-broo re-
mained, Scott Redg. (1824^ xx ; Another John had this advice
given hitn while under the influence of the barley-bree, Dickson
Kirk Beadle (1892) 141. Ayr. Ay we'll taste the barley bree. Burns
Willie breuid ; How easy can the barley-brie Cement the quarrel,
ib. Sc. Drink (1786). Bwk. The browster — wi' his barley bree,
Henderson Pop. Rhymes (1856^ 4. n.Yks.^
BARLEY-BUCK, sb. Wil. A guessing game ; see
Buck.
s.Wil.' A boy's game, played by guessing at the number of
fingers held up.
BARLEYCORN, see John Barleycorn.
BARLEY-FUMMEL, ;;;/. Ohs. Sc. The call for a
truce by one who has fallen in wrestling or fighting.
Sc. (Jam.) ; Drummond MitckomacJiy (1846) 20. Fif. On, on,
and cry na Barlafummil, Tennant Papistry < 1827) 30.
[Thocht he was wicht, he was nocht wyss With sic
jangleurs to jummill, For frae his thoume they dang a'
sklyss, Quhyle he cry'd, Bar/a '/uiiniti//, Clnysts Kirk
(c. 1550) XV, in Ever Green (1761) I. 10.]
BARLEY-HOOD, sb. Sc. Also in forin barlichood
(jAM.),barlikhood. A fit of obstinacy, or drunken, angry
passion.
Sc. Barley-hood is the pronunciation of the 5. counties ; it is de-
fined as bad humour in consequence of intemperate drinking.
Whene'er they take their barley-hoods And heat of fancy fn-cs
their bludes, A. Scott Po«)« 1,1811) 51 (Jam.) ; (A.W.) Lnk. And
may be in his barlikhoods ne'er stick To lend his loving wife a
loundring lick, Ramsay Gentle Shep. (1725) 32, ed, 1783.
[And as she was drynkynge, She fyll in a W3'nkynge
Wyth a barlyhood, Skelton Elyiioiir Ritnintyiig (c. 1525)
in Wks., ed. Dyce, I. 107. Barley, sh. + -hood, suft'. of
condition.]
BARM, sh.^ Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf Der. Not. Lin. Rut.
Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf Glo. Oxf Brks. Hnt. Nrf
Suf Ken. Sur. Hmp. LW. Wil. Dev. Cor. Nfld. Also
written baam w.Yks. ; bahm Suf ; baum n.Lin.' Hmp.' ;
bawm w.Yks. Suf ; berm Lan. e.Lan.' Glo.' Brks.' ;
borm s.Chs.' ; bourn [sic] Grose ; burm Dev. Cor.'^
[berm, bam, bqm, bpam.]
1. Yeast.
Sc. Work like barm in a barrel, Scott Rob Roy (1817) vi ; Fig.
in prov. ' Put out your barm where you took in your ale,' show the
efTects of your ill-humour where you meet with the offence (Jam.) ;
■^'our words were working like barm in my head. Whitehead Da/i
Davie ( 1876 1 164, ed. 1894. Yks. Barm interchanges with yeast,
Hamilton A'»^af Lit. (1841) 356. n.Yks.' '', ne.Yks.' w.Yks.
(S. K.C.) ; It's not likelya wumman can go all up an' daant'taan seek-
ing baam, Tom Treddlehoyle Bairnsla Ann. (1849) 49 ; Run and
fetch a pennorth o' barm or we shall have no bread to day i H.L. ) ;
w.Yks.* Lan. Grose(,i79o) Jl/S. arfrf. (C ) ; Wi'o' that berm abeawt
liim, Tim Bobbin K/VzfZ)/V7/.(i740^i26: Davies 7?rtrfs (1856)240 ; Un-
kommen fresh o berm, Scholes Tim Gamwnttle', 1857) 22. ne.Lan.i,
e.Lan.', CIis.', s.Chs.' Stf.^ Sally, just run to th' brewry and
fatch a pint o' barm for yer mother. Der. Monthly Mag. (1815;
II. 297; Der.', nw.Der.l Not. This is a common term in the 5.
district, but in some parts of Nhp. and Bdf. the word is entirely
unknown (L.C.M.) ; Not.'^^ n.Lin.' Rut-' For balm for baking,
Oversee>'sAcc.(i-i6f). Lei. (,C.E.),Lei.', Nhp. '2 War.B'haiii.JVklv.
Pos< (June 10, 1893): (J.R.W.); War.'^^^ gg vVor.', Shr.'^, Hrf.'^
Glo. Baylis Jllus. Dial. (18701 ; Glo ' 2 Oxf.' 71/5. add. Brks.',
Hnt.(^T.P.F.) e.An.i Called 'rising' or'raising' in Ess. Suf.(F.H.);
Suf.' Ken. (P.M.) ; Grose 1 1790) ; Ken.', Sur.' Hmp. A'. & Q.
(1854) ist S. X. 401 ; Hmp.', I.W.' Wil. Britton Beauties (18251 ;
Cicely superintended the baking, passing the barm though a sieve
with a wisp of clean hay in it. Jefferies Gt. Estate (1880) viii;
N. & Q. (1881) 6lh S. iv. 478 ; Slow Gl. '1892). n.Wil. Have c got
any barm? lE.H.G.) Wil.', w.Som.' Dev. He fetched home a
drop of barm last night, O'Neill Idylls (1892) 38; Yeast is only
known in Dev. under the name of barm, Bray Desc. Tamar and
7ofj'(i836) 1.279. n.Dev. Her aller wanted letting or jist a soak in
barm [a yeast poultice]. Rock Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 107 ; Grose
(1790). Dev., Cor. 7l/o»M(v A/n^. (18081 II. 422. Cor. And went
to fetch some barm, Thomas Randigal Rhymes, 3; Cor.'* [Nfld.
Barm has now generally given way to the word yeast, but it is
still commonl}', if not exclusively, used, Patterson Trans. Anier.
Flk-Lore Soc. ( 1894).]
Hence Barman, vbl. sb. the act of mixing j'east with
wort to cause fermentation.
Bnff.' A wiz at the barman o' the bowie, fin the gauger cam in o'
the closs.
2. Comp. (i) Barm-ball, a light pudding or dumpling
made of flour, yeast, and suet ; (2) -cake, cake made with
yeast ; (3) -dumpling, see -ball ; (4) -feast, a yearly
entertainment given or held in an ale-house ; (5) -head,
a soft, foolish person ; (6) -spout, a tin or wooden tube
used to convey the yeast from the cask ; (7) -stick, a
person of weak intellect ; (8) -whin, a thick close branch
of whin on which barm was laid to preserve it for
brewing.
(i) Lan. I've bin havin' berm-bo an traycle to mi dinner, Waugh
Chinm. Corner (1874) 167, ed. 1879 ; Lan.' The children were all
eating a kind of light pudding, known in Lan. by the name of
* berm-bo ' or ' berm dumpling,' made of flour and yeast, mixed
with a little suet, Waugh Home Life (1867) xix. e.Lan.' Chs.'
Small pieces of dough are taken when bread is being made, which
are boiled, and eaten with treacle ; Chs.^ Dough rolled up and
boiled like a dumpling. (2) Cor.'; Cor.* A cake made with much
yeast in it — as opposed to * heavy cake,' which is made without
yeast and is very close grained, 71/5. nrfrf (31 w.Yks.* Lan. Awm
zwellin aw uva thickness loike a berm dumplin, Staton Looiuinary
(1863-65)76. Chs.' Stf.* It's arbakin-dee to dee and my mother's
made us some barmy-dumplins fur dinner. Not. A small dumpling
made of bread-dough boiled i J.P.K.X (4) w.Yks.* At Barm-feeast
an' at t'wake. Senior Smithy Rhymes, 54. A barm-feast is
held every year on the Sat. after the 25th of June (Cold Aston
feast) at a place called Blackamoor, between Cold-Aston and
Eckington. The innkeeper formerly brewed his own ale, and,
of course, had barm to dispose of. This was readily sold to
customers, and all who were accustomed to fetch it were expected
to attend a yearly feast, which consisted of a good tea, followed by
a dance. I do not find that these feasts are ever held in the town of
Sheffield, but they are common in the villages of «. Der. The old
feast is, in many places, still kept up, under the old name ; though
now the guests generally pay for their feast ; but, in some cases,
the landlord still gives the treat yearly to his regular ale customers.
(5) Lan. Iv hee duzn't larn, he's o berm yed, Safii Sondknocker,
pt. vi. 22 ; That'll do nought for a livin', will it, berm yed ? Waugh
Sneck Bant (1868] ii ; I wouldn't tak up wi every drunken berm-
yed 'at I could rake out o' a gutter, ib. Chimn. Conner (1874J 155,
ed. 1879. Lan.' Aw'll be bund 'at Enoch's hooked it on in a
mistake. Th' berm-yed doesn't know what he's doing th' tone hauve
of his time, Waugh Besom Ben ( 1865) ii. (6) se.Wor.' (7) Not.*
(8) Sc. (Jam. Suppl.')
3. Froth ; alsoy?,^'. nonsense, foolish talk.
Sc. His words gurgled out as thick as the barm from a beer bottle
in warm weather. Whitehead /Ja// Z)«w'c (1876I 283, ed. 1894.
e.Lth. It's aye best to let a v^'umman pit oot her barm her ain
way. Hunter y. Inwick (1895) 153. s.Not. It's all barm (J.P.K.);
But without barm, Renie, yer do just look as if yer'd been out of
the world for a six-month. Prior Renie (1895) 247; Strikes me
3'ou was 'ard on 3'our chap. — Barm ! ib. 249. n.Lin.' The brown
froth which collects in running water. s.Wor. All barm, all non-
sense (F.W.M.W.).
[P>2LTm,fae.\ccrevisiae,fe!iite>tium,SKW!^^v. (1671) ; Barme
or yeaste, _/7os, vel spunia ceruisiae, Baret (1580); Glas,
berm, wort, and argoile, Chaucer C. T. g. 813. OE. beoriiia
(Matt. xiii. 33).]
BARM, s6.* Lan.
1. The bosom or lap.
Lan. Davies Races (1856) 270 ; Lan.' [K.]
2. Comp. Barm-cloth, an apron.
Lan. ' Barm-clath ' meant a bosom cloth, or apron. The word is
still current, Gaskell /.cfftrcfs > 1854) 19. [Barm-cloth is the cover-
ing for the barm ( bosom or lap\ as neck-cloth is the covering for the
neck. A'. & Q. (1861) 2nd S. .xi. 239; A belly cloth (K.).]
[L A barme, greuiiifiii, Caili. Angl. (1483) ; Hyde thy
hande in thy barme, York Plays (c. 1400) 77 ; And kist
[•aim oft apon his barm. Cursor M. (c. 1300) 5442. OE.
beanii (Joh)i i. 18). 2. Barm-cloth, apron. Coles (1677) ;
Abarmeclathe coriitnt grciiiialc, Cath.AngL; Abarmclooth
eek as whyt as morne milk, Chaucer C. T. 3236. OE.
bcarmdad.]
BARM
L.69]
BARN
BARM, V. Sc. [berm.]
1. To ferment, work ; also used fig:
Sc. He said no a word on the wy back, but a' saw it wes barmin'
in him, Ian Maclaken Brier Bush 1 1895' 208. BnfT.* The ale's
barmin" u[>. Ayr. Nolhing immediately rose out of this, but it set
men's minds a-barming, and working. Gait ProiosI ^iSasj I. ii.
Hence Barming, i<bl. sb. interest arising from money.
Ayr. My fatlicr ordained me a hundred a year out of the barming
o' his lying money, Galt Eittail (1823") xx ; (Jam.)
2. To mix wort with barley to cause fermentation.
Bnff.* I hac jist new deen o' barmin' tiie wort.
I'riie same as Barm, sb}]
BAR-MASTER, sb. Obsol. w.Yks. Der. Also in
form bargh-niaster. The authority to whom all disputes
in lead-mining were referred.
w.Yks.' Der. Bergb-maslcr, a bailifTor chief officer among the
Derbyshire miners, Bailey ' 17211 ; Used in connexion with lead-
mining only —an industry now nearly extinct II. R.) ; The Bargh-
master . . . Must view the corps before it buried be, Manlove
Lead Mines (16531 7.
[A bargh master, scapleitsiilae prarfediis, Robertson
P//;-ns. (1693) ; A bargh-niaster, arni/o?/orf/"fJ?. A bergh-
master (a bailiff among the miners), scapleiisulae magisler,
Coles (1679). A der. oi bargh, q.v. : A bargh, i.e. amine,
wliereout of metalls are digged, /orfma melaltica, Rouert-
SON.]
BARM BA'W, see Barm.
BARMKIN, sb. 1 Obs. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Also written
barnekin Nhb.' Cum. ; barnkyn Nhb. A fortified wall
built round a castle; the outermost enclosure within whicli
the barns, stables, &c. were placed.
Sc. (Jam.) Nhb Peels- were often surrounded by a moat, and
buttressed outer wall or barnkyn, Laiid of Tlioriiybiiriie (1855"! 10 ;
At Ilderton there is a great tower with a strong barmkyn of stone,
Hodgson Hist. Nhb. (1839) III. ii ; Obs. At tslynton ys a toure
w^'* a barmekyn. Border Sittv. (1541) in Dixon IVhitlinghani Vale
( 1895 1 82 ; Nhb.l Cum. The barns and barnekins are lull, Powlev
Echoes Cum. (1875) 108.
[Barmikin wall, barbacane, a bulwark or watch tovv-er,
aii/eiiiiira/e, proiuiirnle. niiinis r.x/mor. .SrOTTiswooDE yl/6.
Laiu Diet. (Jam.) ; Balaan in \<t barmeken sa bitterly fijtis,
Wars Ale.x. (c. 1450) 1301. A corr. of OFr. barbacane^
BAR-MOTE, sb. Der. Also in form barghnioot. A
court held to settle business connected with the lead
mines.
Der. To Barmoot Ben [I give] the Tup-scein, Fubness Mcdiciis
(1836 59; Bar-mote and other customs connected with lead-mining
are still kept up at Wirksworth (II. U.) ; Sute for oar must be in
Barghmool Court, For justice thither miners must resort, Manlove
/.farf A/m« ( 1653) 1. 103 ; Barmote^ a court held within the Hun-
dred of the Peak in Der. for regulating the miner's trade, Bailey
(nai)- . , .
[Uerghmote, a court held to determme matters relating
to mines, Bailey (1721) ; The Hergh-mote, curia staii-
naria, Coles (1679). Bargh (a mine, see Bar-master) -f-
mote lOE. iiiol), a court, assembly.]
BARMSKIN, sb. Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs. [bermskin,
ba'niskin.] A leather apron.
Sc. 1 he large leather apron worn by tanners and curriers is
called a bramskin 1 Jam. Siififil.). S. & Ork.' w.Yks. //l/.x: IVds. ;
w.Yks." Lan. Grose (1790) ; His knockus lapt in his barmskin,
Tim Bobbin View Dial. (17401 14 ; The aw slappunt, un shewtunt,
un clatterunt weh thur bonds o' tluir barmskins, Buitebvvorth
Sequel (iS It)) 42; When the apron is of leather it is called a' barm-
skin," Gaskell /.(■f/iri« (1854) 19; Lan.' • Ncaw lads,' sed Hal,
'mind yer hits: I'll lap meh bonds eh meh barmskin ot hoo
cannah scrat meh,' Tim Bobbin Works (ed. 1750) 45. e.Lan.'
"Worn by blacksmiths. If the smith is also a farrier the barmskin
is shredded at the bottom corners. Clis.'*^
[Barnie skyn, meloles, Prompt., ed. Pynson (1499). Sec
Barm, sb.^}
BARMY, adj. and sb. Sc. Yks. Stf. Lin. War. Nrf.
Naut. Also written bawmy e.Yks.' ; balmy Slang.
[be rnii, bami, bo mi.]
1. adj. Silly, weak-minded, half-witted.
w.Yks.2, Stf.' n.Lin.' A soft barmy fool. War.* Naut. I have
known m'oic than one sham lunatic at sea. . . . The shammer gets
known as being ' barmy' (weak minded) among his shipmates,
VOL. I.
Answers (Feb. 27, 1892) 242. Slang. What with the trips and
the drink I very near went balmy, Maniiillan's Mag. (Oct. 1879)
506 ; To be a little bit 'balmy in one's crumpet" means to be
slightly crazy. Among convicts to ' put on the balmj' stick ' is to
feign insanity, Barr^ke & Leland.
2. Conip. 1 1 1 Barmy-brained, foolish, giddy ; (2) -faced,
having a foolish expression.
Sc. (i) A wheen cork headed barmy-brained gowks! Scott
Ronan (1824) iii ; (Jam.) (2) She's barmy-faced, thriftless, and
bauld, Ramsay Tca-Tahle Misc. (1724) I. 201, ed. 1871.
3. sb. A fool, simpleton.
e.Yks. He ommast dodhered hissen ti bits, when a awd coo
bccaled ower hedge at him, great bawmy 'at he is, Nicholson Flk-
Sf>. (1889I 32 ; e.Yks.' Ihoo great bawmy ! thoo mud ho knawn
that. w.Yks. A gurt bami (B,K.). Nrf. Cozens-IIardy Bmad
Nrf. (1893) 83, Slang. I tried to act the balmj' in Clcrkenwell,
but it wouldn't do, HorbI.ey foitmgs (1887 1 98.
[Barm, sb.'-^-_^'. The lit. mg. is frothing like barm,
hence, full of ferment, flighty, emptj'-headed.j
BARMY SPONGE, sb. Cor. JJquid yeast set to rise
over-night, used in bread-making.
Cor. A common expression (MA C); Cor.^ In frequent use. The
barm is mixed with a little flour or covered over with it. The
product after fermentation is barmy-sponge, which is tlien used
for bakin;;'.
BARN, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Chs. Lin. War. Won Shr. 1 Irf.
Glo. Oxf. Nrf Ess. Wil. Som. Dev. In comp. (i) Barn-
barley, barley which has alwaj's been kept under cover;
(2) -'s-breaking, an idle frolic; (3) -s-door, the door of a
barn ; (4) -door fowl, fowl that have been allowed to
breed indiscriminately ; (5) -door savage, a clodhopper ;
(6) -flake, a wooden slide, fitted into grooves, to which
the doors of the barn are fastened inside ; (7) -'s-floor,
the thrashing-floor ; (8) -'s-floor planch or plank, a
particular size of plank, made of elm ; (9) -'s-floor
planchin, the boards or planks, which form the flooring
of a bam ; also the woodwork of the floor ; (10) -gallon,
seventeen pints ; (11) -man,aman employed in thrashing
corn; (12) -man's benison, sec below; (13) -sieve, a sieve
of which the bottom is made of plaited cane, used in
winnowing; (14) ■swallow, the swallow; (15) -yard,
a straw or fold-yard, in which grain or straw is stored;
(16) -yard beauty, a rustic beauty.
(I) Wil.' Barley which has never been in rick, but has been
kept under cover from the first, and is tlieicfore perfectly dry and
of high value for malting purposes, Jefferies GI. Eslair 1880 viii.
(2) Sc. What barns-breaking have you been at ? Scott Nigrl
(18221 iii; Steenic's awa out about some barns breaking, ib.
Aiiliqiiaiy (1816) xxvi ; (Jam.); Gkose (1790) MS. add. (C.)
(3) w.Som.' Baa rnz doour, or doaur, the door of the barn,
generally made in two parts, meeting and fastening in the middle,
while one, and sometimes both of these parts arc again divided,
so that the upper half may be opened while the under is kept shut.
The only light in a barn is usually that from the doors when open.
A very common saying expressive of inconsistency is : Mud su
wuul puut u braas nauk ur pun a baarn-z-doour [(you) may as well
put a brass knocker on a barn-door]. Barn-door is never used.
(4) Sc. Never had there been such slaughtering of capons, and fat
geese and barn-door fowl, Scott Bride of Lam. (1819) xxvi ;
(Jam.) War.3 What breed are these chickens? -Oh, only barn-
door fowl. w.Som.' Barn's door fowls. (5) n.Yks.' e.Yks.' A
townsman's opprobrious appellation of a farm laliourer. Shr.';
Shr.2 In the Wor. dial, a chawbacon. Shr., Hrf. Bound J'rov.
(1876). (6)Chs.', War. (J.R.W.) (7) nw.Dev.' w.Som.' Baa rnz
vloour is,f«i. in the centre of the barn, and on the same level as
the sill of tlie barn's-door, of which there are always two, one at
e.-ich end of the floor. It is never made lo cover the entire space
within the barn, but is only about ten feet in width, its length
being the width of the building. It is gen. raised above the b.-iys
on each side, and has a low wooden partition c.illcd the spirting-
board, on either side, to keep the corn upon the floor. It is made
of elm planks, two inches thick, while the rest of the barn is
usually floored with concrete, or beaten earth. (8) ib. A particular
size of plank, which is usually two inches thick and eleven inches
wide; it is of elm, on account of its toughness. (9; 16. Thick
there butt'll cut out some rare barn's floor planchin [flooring].
Plaise, sir, the barn's-vloor's a-come to doin shocking bad ; the
planchin o' un's all a-rattcd to tich-cod [touch-wood]. (10)
War.* He sold his milk at is. id. per barn gallon, Evesliam Jm.
BARN
[170]
BARN-BRACK
(Apr. 18, 1896I. The barn gallon, often contracted in conversation
to • barn,' is almost obs., the Railway Companies refusing now to
carrj' milk except bj'the imperial gallon. Ess. Sending thousands
of gallons of miljs every week to London ; the gallon being a ' barn-
gallon ' of seventeen pints, White e.Eitg. (1865) II. 217. [But
the farmer's gallon is a barn gallon, which holds two ordinary
gallons and a pint over, Biadfoid Obs. Budget (May 9, 1896).]
(11) Sc. A barnman of ordinary abilities, commonly threshed
about two bolls (^one quarter) of wheat in a day, Agnc, Sun'.
M. Ltli. 94 (Jam.). Bwk. An old thresher or barnman, Hendehson
Pop. Rhymes (1856) 3. (12) Nhb. Obs. When corn was threshed
with the flail a spell of wet weather ca\ised the corn to be more
readily separated from the straw, and was termed a barnman's
benison iR.O.H.). (,13) w.Sora.' (14) w.Wor. Benow's Jin.
(Mar. 3, 18881. (15) Sc.(Jam.). n.Lin.i Oxf.i (^/S. arfrf.) Nrf.
Marshall Rur. Econ. (1787); Grose (1790) Suppl. (16) Sc.
Commonly used to denote a buxom girl, who may appear hand-
some in the eyes of the vulgar (Jam.).
BARN, V. Lin. Nhp. Oxf. Nrf. Suf. [ban.] To house,
put in a barn.
n.Lin.i Barn or stack it after harvest, Young Agiic. (1799) 164.
Nhp.i e.An.i I shall stack some of that wheat, and barn the rest.
Nrf. Marshall Rur. Econ. (,1787) ; Grose (1790) Suppl. Nrf.,
Suf. To lay corn up in a barn. So in the south, • to house corn '
has the same meaning, Holloway.
Hence Earning, vhl. sb. the act of storing corn in a barn.
Oxf. (M.A.R.)
BARN, see Bairn, Burn.
BARNABEE, sh. e.An. Also in forms barney bee,
burney bee e.An.^'^ The Lady-bird, Coccinella septem-
ptinctata. Also called Bishop Barnabee, q.v.
e.An.i^j Nrf.i Suf.' One settling on a child is always sent away
with this sad valediction — * Gowden bug, gowden-bug, fly awah
home, Yar house is bahnt deown an yar childen all gone.'
BARNABY, sb. Lan. Chs. Der. Wor. Dor. St.
Barnabas' Day, June 11 ; the day of the summer solstice
before the change from Old to New Style. Usually
in phr. Baniaby bright.
Lan. Barnaby bright. All day and no night, N. fi* Q. (1877)
5th S. viii. 16. Chs.^ Barnaby Fair is held at Macclesfield on
June 22nd — old St. Barnabas' Day. About Macclesfield itself it is
generally pronounced ' Barmady.' It is also the grand day from
which dates are reckoned, as ' He's three year old come Barmady,'
or ' Oo were bad afore Barmady.* nw.Der.^ ne.Wor. The rhyme
is still current in the form given by Ray ( J.W.P. 1. Dor. [A similar
form is given in] Barnes Gl. (1863'. [Barnaby bright, the longest
day and the shortest night, Ray Piov. i 1678} 51.]
[This day the sunne is in his chiefest hight, With
Barnaby the bright, Spenser Epithal. (1595) 266.J
BARNACLE, sb} A name applied to several birds :
(i) Bcniicla breii/ci, the brent goose (Irel.) ; (2) B.leiicopsis
(Sh. & Or.L) ; (3) Sitla bassana, the solar goose or gannet
(Suf).
(Olr.SwAiNSONBjVrfs (1885) 149. (2)S. &Ork.i (3) Suf." Also
called Bargander.
[Barnacle, a soland goose, a fowl in the Bass, an island
on the coasts of Scotland, supposed by some to grow of
trees, or by others to be bred out of rotten planks of ships,
Bailey (1721) ; A barnacle, c/ienalope.K, xii'i^oit:']^, vulp-
anser; quippe anserem specie, vulpem calliditate refert,
Plin. 10. 22, Robertson P/iias. (1693) ; Barnacle, Anser
Scotiais, ^vXnyovus, Skinner (1671); Bcrnaqxie, the fowl
called a barnacle, Cotgr. ; Barnacles or great bj'rdes,
cheloiwlopiics, Baret (1580) ; A barnacle, bird, chelona-
lops. Levins Manip. (1570); Chelonolopices I thinke to be
the birds that we cal Barnacles, Cooper (1565). OFr.
berimcle, barnacle (Hatzfeld, s.v. bariiache).]
BARNACLE, sb.'^ Nhb. A stickleback. See Ban-
stickle.
Nhb. Catching ' lyars,' 'streamers,' and ' barnacles ' by sticking
them with a fork, or pocket-knife ... in shallow streams, Dixo.\
IVhittijighani Vale (1895 269.
[Prob. a wrong applic. of the word barnacle, sb.', to the
Banstickle. One of the mgs. of barnacle, sb.', is the shell-
fish wh. fastens to a ship's bottom.]
BARNACLE, sb.^ Yks. An incorrigible person.
e.Yks.i
[The word barnacle (the shell-fish) is often used in the
Jig. sense of one that sticks close, and will not be dismissed,
a troublesome adherent ; hence the dial, use.]
BARNACLE-GRASS, sb. Irel. Grass-wrack, Zostera
niartna.
BARNACLES, sb. pi. Sc. Cum. Chs. Der. Lin. Lei.
Nhp. War. Wor. Shr. e.An. Sus. Wil. Som. [be-rniklz,
ba niklz.]
1. An instrument applied to the nose of a savage bull, or
of a restive horse when being shod. Hence Jig. irons
worn by felons in gaol.
n.Cy. The instrument called a barnacle or brake, put on the nose
of unruly horses, Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) Cum. Ye'll want
. . . the ass's barnicles to keep your tongue in your mouth, Caine
Slmd. Clime 11885) 33; Cum.i, Nhp.' Shr.' Obsol. The bar-
nacles are somewhat like the figure 8 in form, consisting of two
rings connected midway by short bars, through which a screw
passes. The upper ring is jointed in the centre, while the lower
one is correspondingly divided. This is put into the bull's nos-
trils, and held there by the screw which serves to tighten the
barnacles at pleasure. The upper ring is attached to the point of
each horn by means of a chain, thus keeping the lower one from
dropping and impeding the animal while grazing. ' It gies the
ban plenty to do to think on 'is nose w'en the barnacles bin on,"
said the village blacksmith of Tilstock. Cant. The irons worn in
gaols, Li/e B. M. Carew (1791).
2. Hooks attached to chains, used in salt-mining.
Chs.i A pair of chains with two hooks to hook on each side of
the tub when drawing rock salt.
3. Spectacles ; eyeglasses. In gen. dial, and colloq. use.
Sc. Buy a pair of David Ramsay's barnacles, the King never
reads Hebrew or Greek without them, Scorr Nigel (,1822) i.
n.Cy. Grose (1790) Suppl. Cum.", Der.', nw.Der.' n.Lin.' Old-
fashioned spectacles which were held on the nose without lateral
supports. Lei.', Nhp.', War. (J. R.W.I, War.=3, Wor. (J. W. P.),
Shr.', Nrf. (E.M.% Suf.', Sus.2 Wil. Slow Gl. (1892I. Som.
SwEETiMAN IViiicanlon CI. (1885). w.Som.' Colloq. He's heerd
all about you from the sawbones in barnacles, Dickens Picl^ivick
(1837) xxxviii.
[1. Museliere, barnacle for an unruly horses nose,
CoTGR. ; Barnacles, an instrument set on the nose of
unruly horses, pasioinis, Baret (1580) ; Beting to an hors,
and a bernacle to an asse, Wyclif (1388) Frov. xxvi. 3.
An older form was bernak. Bernak for horse, chamus,
Prompt. AF. bernac, ' camiis,' Ncckliam (c. 1200) in Wright's
Voc. (1857) I. 100. 3. Thcic spectacles put on . . . They
bee gay barnikles, Damon fir» Pitheas (1582) (Dav.).]
BARNAGE, sb. Obs. Sc. A military companj', army,
followers.
Sc. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; (Jam.)
[pan blisches (looks) he to his baronage, Wars Alex.
(c. 1450) 984 ; Before the baronage at ther burde thus \e
buerne (hero) said, Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 211 ; Of )>aim ()u
sal haue a gret vauntage, Bath to fie and ))i barnage.
Cursor M. (c. 1300) 8016. AF. barnage, der. of baron,
MLat. baro (-onem), a military retainer, see Hatzfeld.]
BARNARD CASTLE, sb. Dun A term of reproach.
Dur. Barnard Castle, a Briggate bred un. That is a female of
a certain class born in Barnard Castle, and bred up in that
Billingsgate portion of the town, yclept Briggate, Denluun Tracts
(ed. 1892) I. 104 ; A coward ! a coward ! o' Barney Castle Dare na
come out to fight abattle ! A very common saying. In all proba-
bility refers to the ' Rising in the North,' 1569, and esp. to Sir
George Bowes who had shut himself up in Barnard Castle. Sir
Cuthbert Sharp notices this reproachful saying in his Memorials
0/ the Rebellion, lA. 98 ; In .Sunderland fifty years ago, a common
taunt was ' A coward, a coward, o' Barney Castle ! ' I stopped to
listen to two viragos . . . holding a ' slanging ' contest ; . . . what
appeared the most pungent and irritating, as well as laconic,
epithets were resorted to. 'Barney Castles!' and * Bewcastle ! '
bandied from side to side, Flk-Lorc Jrii. ^1883) VI. 228.
BARNAUGH-BLO'W, sb. ? Obs. Irel. The goal or
winning stroke.
Wxf. Not now in use (P.J.M.) ; Wxf.' A barnaugh blow might
have been a critical, a judging blow. Mot, all arkagh var ee bar-
naugh blowe [but all eager for the great stroke], 88.
BARN-BRACK, sb. Irel. A large sweetened bun
containing currants.
Ir. On St. Bridget's Eve every farmer's wife in Ireland m.ikes
BARNEKIN
[^7x]
BARRAS
a cake called Bairin-breac, Brand Pop. Antiq. (cd. 1849; I. 345.
n.Ir. We hear of barnbreck cakes, Hume People of Dwtt. & Ant.
(1874) 34 ; N.I.* In season at all times, but especially so at Hallow-
eve, when it contains a ring; the person who gets the ring will of
course be first married. Wxf. Piles of hot griddle-baked whcaten
cakes and wheaten loaves baked in a pot with coals laid on the lid,
and all well buttered inside, barn-bracks, and other varieties of the
stall" of life, Kennedy ISauks Buro (1867) 349.
[Ir. bdiriiiy a cake of bread (cp. Wcl. bara, bread) +
hirac, speckled. See Macbain (s.v. Bairg/iin).]
BARNEKIN, see Barnikin.
EARNER, sb. Laii. Thick, short flags used in flooring
barns.
e.Lan.^
BARNET, sb. ? Obs. Yks. A cart-whip.
Yks. Gkose (1790) Sttppl. [Not known to our correspondents."]
BARNEY, sb. Yks. Lan. Glo. Som. and in gen. use as
slang.
1. A disturbance, dispute, altercation.
Glo.i Lon. Sclby runs out, and goes to get another knife, but
I stops him. and the barney was all over, Dy. News (Jan. 4, 1B95)
3, col. 7. w.Som.^ Of some quarrelsome neighbours, a man said:
'Twas a purty barney way 'em, sure 'nough. I'll warnt there'll
be a barney over thick job. Cant. You'd best clear out of this
before the barney rises, Carew Aulob. Gipsy 1 1891 ) xxviii. [Aus.,
N.S.W. Wc had long talks and barneys over the whole thing,
BoLDREWooD Robbeiy (iHtiH) II. xiii.]
2. Nonsense, foolery. Also in form barneying.
e.Yks. Let's have none o' your barney-an fS.O.A.). Lan. Aw
won thee i' fair powell — one toss an' no barney, Buierley Irkdale
(18681 144.
3. A blunder; a piece of bad workmanship.
w.Yks. Tha'rt makin' a barney o' that (S.K.C.).
BARNEY BRIDGE, sb. Irel. A children's game.
Uls. Still played. Two children take uplifted hands forming an
arch through which the others pass in single file, holding on to
the coat or dress of the one in front. The last to pass through is
caught by a sudden lowering of the arch of hands and arms
(R.M.Y.). Ant. Thegame of Barney bridge isstill played (.S.A.B.) ;
A common child's game here. The town children also know it by
its Eng. name ' Oranges and Lemons.' In the Ards, the game is
also called 'broken bridges' (M.B.-S.). N.I.l In playing it the
following rhyming dialogue is used : ' How many miles to Barney'
bridge ? — Three score and ten. — Will I be thereby candle light ? —
Yes, if your legs be long,' &c,
BARN-GUN, sb. Som. Dev. Also in form barney-gun
w.Som.' [ban-gan.] An eruption on the skin ; also
specifically, shingles.
w.Som.' They zes how tis the barney-gun [shingles], but I sure
you I 'ant got no paice way un [i.e. my husband] day nor night,
he's proper rampin like. Dev. ' Thou art not come to me,' she
said, looking through my simple face as if it were but glass, 'to be
struck for bone-shave, nor to be blessed for barn-gun,' Black-
more Loiua Doone (1869) xviii ; When I were bad with the
barngun, O'Neill Idylls {i8^z) 8-]. n.Dev.Vorewey [immediately]
struck out and come to a barngun, E.xin. Ctis/ip. (1746) 1. 557 ;
Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 422 ; Grose 1790). Dev.' It is acommon
but unfounded belief, that if the extremities of the zone [of shingles]
meet, the patient will certainly perish.
[Barn (OE. beoman, to hum) +giin, see Gound.]
EARNING, sA. Obs. Hrt. Barn-buildings.
Hrt. They keep whole bays of barning full of turnips, Ellis Mod.
Hiisb. (1750) VI. ii.
[Bam + ing. The abstract sb. used in collective sense.]
EARNISDAEL, 5*. Sh.I. In phr. to tell a tale from
barnisdael and dotin, to tell it from beginning to end with
all particulars.
S. & Ork.i
BARNISH, V. Der. Lei. Nhp. Shr. Sus. fba'nij.] To
grow fat, to ' fill out ' ; to look sleek and smooth.
Der.2 To grow sleek and fat after an illness. Slir.' I spect the
young squire's leP college : 'e's as tall as a young poplar, an' as
thin as a pikel-stail ; but 'e'll barnish now for a couple o' 'ears,
an' mak a fine fellow ; Shr.* You bin bravely barnishcd. e.Sus.
'That bullock begins to barnish,' that is, to look sleek and bright
in his skin, Hollowav. Sus.*
Hence Earnished, ppl. adj. fat.
Lei.' Why, you're grown tall, and barnished too. Nhp.* Ye be
got barnish'd sin yiv bin awey.
[This they could do, while Saturn fill'd the throne, Ere
Juno burnish'd, or young Jove was grown, Dryden Jiiv.
Sat. (1692) xiii; To burnish, grow big, grandesco, Coles
(1679) ; The childe . . . be^an to burnesh and sprede, Syr
Geiierides (c. 1430) 780 (N.E D.). With this word we may
compare the word biirnis/i, a hunter's term : To burnish,
apply'd to harts spreading their horns after they are fray'd
or new rubbed, Kersey (1715) ; so English Expositor
(1641), Bri.i.oKAR 1 1616).]
BARNISH, sec Bairnish.
BARNISH YOU, plir. Dev. [ba'nij I.] A mild
imprecation. Cf. burn-you.
Dev.' A common imprecation of the same import as Burn-you ;
Dev.^ Barnish ee. Ot's 'bout now than, yQ young murtcliy-
making dowl ? Kessen let nort alone, can'st?
BARNKYN, see Barmkin.
BARNSTAPLE FAIR "WEATHER, /Ar. Dev. Cold,
wet, windy weather.
Dev. Yesterday the clerk of the weather made a desperate effort
to restore what is understood to be the normal balance of pro-
portion between fine days and thunderstorms in this country.
He has still a good deal of Ice-way to make up, but he has plenty
of time to do it in. According to Dr. Falb, the eminent Austrian
meteorologist, the months of July, August, and September are to
be devoted to this unpleasant process. Throughout all this period
— and particularly in September— what Devonians out of their
experience call ' Barnstapli: Fair weather ' is to prevail in Kngland,
Daily Graphic Apr. 21, 18931 ; Dev.^ A stormy, cold, foggj' day is
usually spoken of as Barum fair-weather, Barum being the local
name for Barnstaple.
BAR-NUT, see Eannut.
BARON, see Barren.
BARR, sec Bar.
BARRA, see Barrow.
BARRACAN, sb. Lan. limp. Cor. Also in form
barragan ne.Lan.' ; barragon Cor.'* Fustian.
ne.Lan.' Hmp. Spinning wool, for making of barragons. White
Selhonie {i'}88) 13, ed. 185,-^. Cor. A barracan coat and trousers,
FoKFAR Poems (1885) 51 ; Cor.'*
[Barracan (in conmicrce), a kind of woolen stuff, a sort
of camblet. Ash (1795) ; Barracan, a strong thick kind of
camelot, Johnson (J755); Barracan, the stulT called
Barracan, Miege (1679). Fr. bairacan, Oudi.n (1642) in
IIatzfeld (s.v. Bouracan). Ar. barrakdn, cainlet.J
BARRAGE, see Barras.
BARRACK, V. n Irel. [ba'rak.] To brag, to be
boastful of one's fighting powers.
Ant. One boy will say ol anollicr ' He's only barracking' 'J.S).
Hence (i I Barracker. -si. a braggart; (2) Barracking,
vbl. sb. bragsing, boastfulness.
Ant. (1) "That fellow's a great barracker (J.S.); 'M.B.-S.")
(2) A schoolboy's term, common in Belfast and district (M.B.-S.) ;
(J-S).
BARRAGE, sb. ? Obs. Chs. An allowance for beer
given to workmen.
Chs.' Probably now quite obs. Given to the carpenter's two
men for their Barrage. 8(/., Gooslrfy Clmarden. Atc. (1648).
[Beer+ -age ; cp. for suff. mileage.']
BARRAQUAIL, 56. Dev. Also in form barrow-quail
nw.Dev.' A cro.ss-bar, to which the traces are fastened
in a cart, carriage, &c. ; whippletrees.
Dev. The main object of the barraquail or whippletrees is to form
a draft attachment for the vehicle or implement to be drawn. The
term is still in use at Hartland and in other parts of Dev., but is now
becoming rare (R.P.C.). n.Dev. A barker, barraquail, a bittle,
Rock fiiii an' Nell 1,1867') St. 67. nw.Dev.'
[Barra, prob. conn. w. /«jr lOFr. I>arre] + <jiiail, a pin of
wood. Qtiilte de Char, the draught-tree whereon the yoke
hangcth, Miege (1679). Cp. Cotgr.: Qnille, a keyl, a big
peg, or pin of wood used at nine pins or keyls.— The form
quail prob. repr. Fr. quille, contam. w. keyl (kail). Qnille
and keyl are both identical w. ORG. tegil, a peg of wood
(G. i-errel). See Kails.]
BARRAS, sb.' Obs. Sc. Nhb. Also written barrace
(Jam.). The enclosure or lists within which tournaments
took place.
Sc. We still speak of 'a cock in a barrace,' in allusion to a
z 2
BARRAS
[172]
BARRING
cock-pit (JamO. N.Cy.i Nhb.' The word in Barras Bridge in
Newcastle is apparently derived from tlie lists, or barras, where
knightly encounters took place outside the town in open field.
[He (Macbeth) . . . soUstit syndry his liegis with large
money to appele the theuis in barras aganis ane prefixit
day, Bellenden C/(W«. (1536) XII. iv (Jam. I; A barras,
auleinmale, vallum, Calk. Aiigl. (1483). Prov. barras,
' barre enorme,' Mistral.]
BARRAS, sb^ Dev. [bseras.]
1. Canvas or coarse hessian cloth.
Dev. Reporis Proviitc. (i8go).
2. Coiiip. Barras-apron, aprons of coarse bagging or
hessian.
Dev. I had enough to buy me some barras aprons, Reports
Provinc. (1890") ; Alwes put on a barras apporn tii kip yer cloaths
clayne when yu'm tu work, Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892).
[Barras, a coarse linen fabric orig. imported fr. Holland,
Drapers' Did. ; Buckrams, barras and silesia neckcloths,
Loud. Gaz. (1714I No. 5240 (N.E.D.).]
BARRAS, sb.^ Sc. A wire fire-guard.
Edb. Rarely used vW.G.V
BARRATER, sb. Ohs. Nhb. e.An. Also written
barrator Nrf.' A brawler ; an inciter to lawsuits.
Nhb.i For barratters or disorderly persons, Welfokd Hist, of
Newc. and Gateshead XVI. Cent., 458. Nrf.^ A terra of oppro
brium formerly often levelled at East Anglians, from their litigious
propensities.
BARRED WOODPECKER, sb. Hmp. Som. The
lesser spotted woodpecker, Dendrocopiis minor.
Hmp. SwAiNSON Birds (1885 98. Som. [The lesser spotted
woodpecker] is known as the Barred Woodpecker, Smith Birds
(1887 285.
BARREL, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
1. A dry measure, varying in different localities and
also with the kind of goods for which it is used. See
below.
Crm., Rs. Of limestone, 32 gallons English, Morton Cyclo.
v4^;ic. (1863). Kcd. Of flax, 18 pecks. I'A. Ir. Twenty stone, ^h".
Agric. (,1784-1815"); Of oats, four bushels (^W.W.S. 1; Of barley
[and] rape, 16 stone of 14 lbs. ; of beans, pease, wheat, and
potatoes, 20 stone ; of malt, 12 stone ; of oats, i stone; of oat-
meal, 8 stone ; of bran, 6 stone ; of lime, 40 gallons of 217^^ cubic
inches each, Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863 1. I. Ma. Of lime,
6 Winchester bushels, tb. Wei, Of lime, in some counties,
3 provincial bushels of 10 gallons each, ib. Suf. Of butter, 256 lb.,
Bailey (1721". Ess. Of butter, lot \h., ib. nw.Dev.^ A measure
of lime, 2 bushels (?). Obsol.
2. Coiiip. (I) Barrel-bird, the long-tailed titmouse, Parits
caiida/iis ; (2) -drain, a round culvert or sewer ; (3) -fever,
sickness caused by excessive drinking ; (4) -tears, ale ;
(5) -tomtit, Pariis caudatiis.
(i) [So called with reference to the shape of its nest. Poetry
Provinc. in Cornli. Mag. (1865) XII. 36.] (2) Ken. This is a cylin-
drical drain or sewer made of masonry (P.M.) ; Ken.' (3) w.Yks.i,
Chs.' Cant. He died of the barrel fever. Life B. M. Carew
(1791), (4) Lan. Never bin use't to dhrinkin' nowt strunger nor
barrel tears, Brierley Layrock (1864) iii. (5) Brks.' The long-
tailed titmouse, so called from the shape of its nest.
3. Phr. a good man round a barrel, a man fond of drink.
s.Wor. (H K.) ; s.Wor.' A good man round a barrel, but no
cooper.
4. The belly of a horse.
n.Yks.2 w.Som.' Ee du mizh'ur wuul een dhu baa'ree-ul, ee
kn kaa-r-z diin'ur lau'ng wai un, ee' kan [he measures well
round the body, he can carry his dinner along \vith him, he can].
Very often I have heard the above praise of a stout-bodied horse.
5. A round or barrel-shaped part of a loom or spinning-
wheel. See below.
Fif. We pulled the cards on the barrell, Robertson Provost
(1894) 127. Shr.' Obs. An appendage proper to the little wheel
[used for spinning hemp and flax], a reel round which the linen
yarn was wound as it was spun. It was, in form, somewhat like
a dumb-bell of slender proportions. The cylinder was hollow, to
admit the spir.Jle, and one of its circular ends was flat and capable
of being removed: when the reel was required to be put on the
spindle, this end was taken off for that purpose, and being again
screwed on, the whole affair was ready for the rotatory operation
of winding. The yarn was conducted to the barrel through the
upper part of two ' wings," as they were called, — pieces of wood,
curved somewhat like the 'merry-thought' of a fowl, — permanently
affixed near to the extremity of the spindle ; the barrel, when put
on at the opposite end, was pushed up to these 'wings,' which
extended beyond its circumference, and tkus regulated the
quantity of yarn it was required to hold.
6. The curve of the surface of a road.
n.Yks. Tuke Agric. (1800! 153.
BARREN, sb. and adj. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin. War.
Mtg. Ken. Som. Nfld. Also in form baron w.Yks. ;
barran Wm.' ; barren n.Yks.^ w.Yks. [ba ran, bae ran.]
1. sb. The external part of a cow's sexual organs ; also
the womb.
Wm. In regular use (B.K ); Wm.' n.Yks.' The cow seems
to be the only animal to which the word is applicable. n.Yks.2
^.Y^s.Hl/.v. IVds.; (J.T.) ; (C.W.H.); w.Yks.', ne.Lan.' Lin.
Streatfeild Lin. and Danes ' 1884) 316 ; Miller & Skertchly
Fen/and (1878) 126. n.Lin.',Lei. (K.) [It will swell ... in the
barren and the teats of the bag, Knowlson Cattle Doctor (,1834)
2. A heifer, cow, or sheep that has ceased to breed. See
Barrener.
Mtg. Three barrens were seized for tithe, A^ <5r Q. (1887) 7th S.
iv. 110. Ken. The old ewes, here called barrens, are put to
fattening as soon as their milk is dried after the third lamb,
Marshall Revieiv (1817) V. 450 ; (P.M.)
3. adj. Of animals : not with young, not pregnant. Of
persons : having no offspring.
ne.Lan.' Chs.' It does not at all imply any incapacity for
breeding. War.(J.R.W.) Ken. The word implies that the animal
IS being kept for fattening (P.M.). w.Som.' One invariable question
put by the buyer of a cow for grazing, before he completes the
bargain, is : Wuol yiie "wau'rn ur baa reen ? [will you warrant her
barren ]'] A barren animal may have had any number of offspring,
[Nfld. Applied to men as well as women. ' I have three children
and he is a barren man," an applicant for charity will plead ( G. P.) ]
4. Conip. (i| Barren-flat, a broad extent of unproductive
land ; (2) -spring, water unfit for irrigation, non-fertil-
izing.
(i) Chs.', War. (J.R.W.) (2) w.Som.' ' Ted-n geod wau'dr,
tez u baar-een spring,' was said to me by a tenant of a stream of
water running near a farmyard. Though clear and tasteless,
cattle will not readily drink it ; they prefer the foulest ditch water.
Probalilv it is too cold for them.
BARRENER, sb. War. Ken. Sus. Dor. Som.
[baeranan.] A cow not in calf. Occas. applied to
a barren ewe. See Barren, sb.
War. iJ.R.W.) Ken. (P.M.^ Sus. A barren cow or ewe,
HollowaV. w.Eng., Dor.A'. & O. (i887)7th S. iv. 213. Som. He
was w'ondering ^vhat two young barreners would be likely to fetch
to [at] Bridgetown winter fair, Raymond Love and Quiet Life \ 1894)
219 ; Heavy fat steer, three fresh barreners, &c. , Weltinglon IVbly.
Niws (Apr. 8, 1896I I, col. i ; W. & J. Gl. 1 1873). w.Som.' A cow
which has borne one or more calves, but is not now in calf. One
barrener, two young barreners, one excellent shorthorn barrener,
Sont. Co. Gas. (Apr. i, i88a). Four good young dairy cows in
milk and in calf, one barrener in milk, Advt. Wellington Wkly.
News (Oct. 15, 18851.
BARRIE, sb. Sc.
1. An infant's flannel petticoat or swaddling cloth. Cf.
bar, barrow, sb.*
Sc. (Jam. 1, Abd. (W.M.), Per. iG.W.)
2. A woman's petticoat ( Jam.).
BARRIER, s6. Nhb. Dur. [bariar.] A pillar of coal
left between royalties or districts of working, for security
against casualty arising from water or foul air.
N.Cy.i, Nhb.' Nhb., Dur. Barriers are left of various thick-
nesses, according to supposed necessity, from 10 to 50 yards,
Greenwell Coal Tr. Gl. (,i849>.
BARRIKIN, sb. Lon. Slang. High-flown language ;
gibberish, jargon.
Slang. The high words in a tragedy we call jaw-breakers, and
say we can't tumble to that barrikin, Mayhew Lond. Labour
1 185 1 ) I. 15 ; There's nothing o' that sort among us ; the rich has
ail that barrikin to themselves, ib. 25.
BARRING, prp. Sc. Irel. Cum. Yks. Lan. Stf. Der.
Lin. Also Som. [barin.]
1. Used as prep. : excepting, except. Also in phr.
barring of.
Rnf. Barin' Jean Bioon, the hale o' the women, Neilson Poems
BARRING OUT
[173I
BARROW.
(1877) 52. Ir. You'll have my blcssin' for it, an' banin' ihc priest's
own, you couldn't have a more luckierone, Carleton Trails Peas.
(18431 '■ 357 I I-ike ivry man here prisint, barrin' the ladies, I was
a boy wanst, McNui.tv Mather O'Ryan 1 1894') i ; I've naught
barrin' the bit of ribbon, and the rapin'-hook. Baulow Liscoiiuel
(1895) loi ; In everyday use (P.J.M.). E.Ir. I drink anything . . .
barring raw water, Croker Leg. (1862) 217. Cum.' Vou may
hev any of my kye barrin t'black an'. n.Yks.* w.Yks. Barrin'
t'nobill, t'steyl o' t'stick wor as gooid as ivver, Yksmnn. (1888
223, col. 2 ; w.Yks.5 Nobbud hersen an' five cats to keep, barrin'
t'parson, 183. Lan. Barrin tli' rottans comin' a'-nibhlin' at one's
legs, Brierley Cast ii/vit U'orlJ (18861 167; Aw loikt Ihees
pikturs uz wcel uz awt aw'd sin, barrin th' peep sho, Saiti Sottil-
hiockcr. 12. Der. There's not a many . . . barrin' o' me, Vernev
Stone Edge {J&6Q)vu. n.Lin. I was laid up for a month barrin'
three days, Peacock R. Skirlaiigh ,18701 II. 108 ; n.Lin.' I'll goa
wi' ye ony day barrin' Thursda', that's Brigg markit. w.Som.'
Aai bee dhae-er, baa'reen miisaa-ps [I will be there, barring
accidents]. Baareen lals yiie shl shoaur t-ab m [barring hin-
drances occur, you shall ibe) sure to have it],
2. Used as conj. : unless, except that.
It. He's too j'oung to marry for some years to come, barrin' he
got a fortune, Carleton Fardorongha 1,1848^ v ; They were clivcr
and clanc run out of all their writin' paper, barrin' it might be
a sort of butt-ind of loose sheets. Barlow Liscontiel (1895) 183.
w.Ir. Barrin' they were used to sportin'. Lover Leg. (18481 I. gi.
w.Yks. It's as good as new, barrin it wants a glass in. Hartley Scets
(18951 iii. Stf.^ Oi've naught agen'imbarrin 'e's tiu fond on 'is beer.
[Barring, excepting. Ash (1795); Barring the wrong
done to religion. More Aiitid, Atli. (1656) 111. ix (N. E.D.J.
BARRING OUT, phr. Obsol. Nhb. Dun Cum. Win.
Yks. Lan. Der. The annual custom among schoolboys,
usually observed shortly before Christmas, of shutting
out the schoolmaster from the room or house, in order to
demand a holidaj', &c.
n.Cy. The breaking up of a school at the great holidays when
the boys within bar the door against the master, Grose (1790"!
MS. aiid.(P.) Nhb.i On the 6th of December [St. Nicholas' Dayl
the schoolmaster found the school door locked in his face and
barricaded with forms to prevent his entrance until the scholars
within obtained from him in writing a list of holidays for the
ensuing year. 0/*5o/. (s. v. Nicholas'-Day). Dur. The custom is re-
tained in the Grammar school in the city of Durham, where the
scholars bar out the master, and forcibly obtain from him what
they call Orders. . . . There is a similar custom at the school of
Houghton-le-Spring, Brand Pofi. Antiq. ;ed. 1849") 441 ; Dur.'
A custom in some of the smaller schools in the north. [Some-
times also] on the day of ' breaking up ' for the holidays, a small
subscription is entered into and a mixture made of ale, sweetened
and seasoned so as to be agreeable. The song or glee is then
introduced. Cum. Auld fwok like me hev seen some rare barrins'
Oct, Richardson Talk (1886) 19; Cum.' Cum., Wm. In
September or October the master is locked out of the school by
the scholars, who, previous to his admittance, give an account of
the difl'erent holidays for the ensuing year, w'hich he promises to
observe, and signs his name to the orders, as they are called, with
two bondsmen. The return of these signed orders is the signal
of capitulation ; the doors are immediately opened ; beef, beer,
and wine deck the festive board ; and the day is spent in mirth.
Brand Pop. Antiq. fed. 1849) 450. Wm. Weed pae t'macslre off
fort when t'barrin'-oot dae com, Spec. {18&0) pt. ii. 9. w.Ylcs. Hl/.x.
IVds.; (J.T. ) : w.Yks.' Enjoyed by schoolboys at the approaching
holidays ; w.Yks. ^ The barring-out took place on the last tlay ot
April. Lan. About the commencement of the present century, a
barring-out took place at Ormskirk Grammar .School, a few days
before the usual period of the Christmas holidays, Brand Pop.
Aiiliq. (cd. 1849) 444. n.Lan.' The door being secured, two
captains were elected ; generally the selection was influenced by
the position and circumstances of the parents. Each captain
then selected a clerk, who entered the names of the boys as they
were called to their respective sides. The school Was then
divided into two parties, and the preliminaries were then settled
for a game at football on the holiday which the master was sure to
grant. ne.Lan.' An ancient custom at schools, until lately preva-
lent, when the boys at the commencement of harvest bar out the
master from the .school, and demand the day's holiday. Der.'^
Towards the end of November, when days are short, the boys
were wont to fasten the door upon the master, and not to let him
enter till he had granted them certain conditions, &c. ; but this
is in a manner now left off. nw.Der.*
BARRIOTE, sb. Obsol. s.Wal. A fence across a
stream.
s.Pem. Laws Lillle Eiig. (iSSSl 418; Gen. limited to a fence
across a mill-stream. Obsol. (W.M.M.)
[Prob. of Fr. origin. Barre + -io/e. For the sufT. cp.
chariot.]
BAR ROUGHED, //>/. (jo>'. Obsol. n.Ircl. Of a cow :
having the hind legs tied up while being milked.
n.Ir. Well known here among older men. but fast tlisappcaring.
A cow is barroughed either by tying one hind leg tu the other, or
by tying the hind leg to an iron stake or pin driven in to the
ground. A cow tied by the horns was said to be barroughed
(A.J.I.) ; N.I.'
BARRO'W, sb.^ Nhb. Yks. Lan. Der. Glo. Bdf. Hrt.
e.An. Ken. limp. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written
barra Suf ' ; barro, borro Cor.'; borrow nw.Dev.'
[bars, bae'ra, bora.]
1. A gelt pig.
Yks. If the rind be fat and the fat remarkably tender it is not
boar-brawn but barrow or sow, Yks. IVkly. Post Sept. 22, 18831 3 ;
w.Yks. ////v. ir,ls. De.-.' Ubs. Dev. w. Times Feb. 26, 1886,1 2,
col, 2 ; Dev.' n.Dev. Ks must ha' wone that es can trest ... to
zar the lit and the Barra, £.\in. Crishp. (1746) I. 409; Grose
(1790); An whare tha busk and barras be, KocK Jim an' Nell
(18671 St. 5. nw.Dev.', Cor.'
2. Comp. {1) Barrowhog, {2) -pig, a gelt pig; (3) the
smallest pig of a litter; cf. Anthony-pig.
(i) Lan.' Hrt. Ellis Mod. Hiisb. (1750I V. i. Ken. (P.M.I
Hmp. Barrow-hogs have small tusks like sows, White Selhorne
(1788J 149, ed. 1853. (2) N.Cy.', Nhb.' n.Yks.2 Also called hog-
pigs. Glo. '2 Bdf. Batchei.or .-/im/. fd^. Z.<JH^. (1809 . Hmp.'
Dor. Barnes GI. \ 1863. ; The little curly-tailed barrow pig. Hardy
Trumpet Majors 1880 xvi. Som. Jennings Ofo. Dial. w.Eiig. U825, ;
W. &J. G/. (1873). w.Som.' Never heard alone, or otherwise than
with ' pig.' It could not be said ' the pig is barrow' — it is always
' 'tis a barrow-pig.' Dev. Now, vathur, when yU go'th tQ market,
dawntee vurgit tu buy a peg. Have a barrow-peg, not a zow,
Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892). (3") e.An.' The Pitman has the same
meaning, and perhaps is more general ; also called a Dodman.
Nrf.i The smallest and shrillest grunter of the litter. Suf.'
[1. Brestes of barovves jiat brj^ghte ware to schewe,
Moiie Arlli. 191 (Matzner). OE. beargh. Cp. ON. borgr.
EFris. /ot/;:,'^ (Koolman). I,G. /w;-^, A(7;;i^ (Berghaus). 2.
A barrow- hog, Porciis Mnjalis. A barrow-pig. Parens
caslraliis, a lib'd or gelded hog, Robertso.n P/iras. (16931 >
Pore cliashr, a hog, or barrow-hog. . . . Gorret,a little shcat,
or barrow-pig, Cotgr.]
BARROW, V. and sb.'' Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Chs.
Stf Lin. War. Wor. Glo. Nrf. [ba-ra, bae ra.]
L V. To carry in a wheelbarrow.
n.Lin' Barra' them few taaties i'to sleam-hoosc.
2. sb. Comp. (i) Barrow-backed, bent from heavy work,
such as wheeling barrows; (2) -drill, see below; (3) -hale,
the handle of a wheelbarrow ; (4) -man, a mason's assis-
tant, who carries mortar on a handbarrow ; a lame beggar
carried from house to house in a barrow ; in coal mines,
a 'putter,' who pushes the tubs of coal from the working
places to the flats or stations ; (5) -steel, the handle of
a wheelbarrow; (6) -tram, tlic shaft of a wheelbarrow;
applied jocularly to a raw-boned person; (7) -way, the
tram-road in a coal-pit along which ' barrows ' of coal were
carried ; (8) -woman, see -man.
(I'l Cum. There I sat, a poor barrow-back't creature, Caine
Shad. Cnme (1885) 9; Cum.^ I gat past my prime, Jwohn
barrow-back't and grey, 50. (2 n.Lin.' Barrow-drill, a small drill
W'hich is pushed forward by hand like a wheelbarrow. (3 n.Lin.'
(4) Sc. I will give you to know that old masons are the best
barrowmen. Perils 0/ A/an, II. 326 (Jam.) ; An auld mason makes
a good barrow-man, Ramsay Prov. (I737"t; Two of the inmates of
one house carried the beggar to the next house, and so on from
one to another (W.G.^. Nhb., Dur. Formerly, before the application
of tramways underground, coals used to be conveyed in barrows,
whence the name barrowman, Greenwell Coal Tr. GI. (1849).
Nhb.' Trams in a pit were formerly worked by putters and harrow-
men, the latter pulling before, and the former putting or thrusting
behind : boys about fifteen or sixteen years old are employed
in this department of the colliery, Hodgson Deser. of Felling
Colliery (c. 1812 . There is another sort of labourers which are
BARROW
[i74]
BARS
called Barrow-men, or Coal Putters ; these persons take the
hewed coal from the hewers as they work them, or as fast as
they can, and filling the corves with these wrought coals, put
or pull away the full corves of coals, which are set, when
empty, upon a sledge of wood, and so 'hailed' all along the
barrow-way to the pit shaft by two or three persons, one
before and another behind the corfe, J. C. Compkat Collier (\io%)
36. (5) Rxb. When man and wife draw well together, each is
said to keep up his or her ain barrow-steel. The phr. may have
been orig, applied to the bearing, by different persons, of a load
on a barrow (Jam.). (6) Sc. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C); (Jam.^;
Ye black barrow tram of the kirk that ye are, Scott Guy M^
(iSis) xlvi. (7) Nhb. Cowped corves i' the barrow-way, Wilson
Pitman s Pay {iZa,-^ 'io ; Nhb.i Nhb., Dur. Barrow-way, tram road
between the face and the flat along which the putters take the
tubs, Nicholson Coal Tr. Gl. (1888). (8) Sc. (W.G.)
3. Phr. (i) Co on luith your barrow, mind your own
business, ' get along with you ' ; (2) it's just my barrow,
about my barrow, it suits me, it is what I am capable of
doing ; ( 3) you never know Ml you take the barrow back, you
cannot judge of a matter until the end.
(i) ne.Wor. To a person who is hindering the progress of work
by talking or by raising foolish objections, the retort is sometimes,
' Come, go on [or, get along] with j'our barrow ' (J.W.P.). Nrf.
Go on wi' yer barrer an take away yer chips (E. M.). (2) War.
' It's just my barra' is commonly heard in Birmingham, A^. & Q.
(1889) 7th S. viii. 326. Stf., War., Wor., Glo. ' That's about my
barrow ' signifies that some job, action, or feat is within the
speaker's capacity, Northall Flk-Phrases (1894). (3) w.Yks.
This is a common saying in Sheffield, meaning that you do not
know the result of a thing until you take the barrow back
(S.O.A.).
4. In a coal-pit : the sledge or tram on which ' corves '
were ' hailed ' or carried to the flats or stations from the
working places. Obs.
Nhb.i
5. In salt-mines or works: a conical wicker basket in
which salt is put to drain ; a salt-maker's tub.
Chs. Ray (1691) ; iK.^; The waller places a barrcw, as it is
called, within the pan, Marshall Review (1818) II. 93 ; Chs.i
At the present day at Northwich the tubs are so called which are
used in making lump salt ; Chs.^ A barrow contained about six
pecks. Wor. Used at Droitwich (K.).
Hence Barrow-maker, sb. a man who makes barrows
for salt-mines.
Chs.i3
BARROW, sb.^ Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Wor. Glo. Pem.
Brks. Ken. Dor. Cor. [ba'ra, bae'ra.]
1. A hill; the side of a rocky hill; a large heap of stones.
Freq. in place-names.
n.Cy. Grose (1790) ; Hollowav. Cum. Latterbarrow and Gow-
barrow [are names of hills], Linton Lake Cy. (1864) 215. w.Yks.
HuTTON Tour to Cai'es (1781). ne.Lan.* The side ofa rocky hill;
quite as often, or oftener, the hill itself, particularly the top or
conical part of the hill. In names Torrisholme barrows. How-
barrow, &c. s.Wor. Berrow, a hill (H.K.).
2. A tumulus or sepulchral mound ; freq. in place-names.
Also in cotnp. Barrow-hill.
Wm. I grovel amongst these knots and barrows, Hutton Pran
New IVark (1785) I. 70; Wm.' Applied to hills which have been
used as burial places. ra.Yks.' Glo. Grose (1790) MS. add.
(H.) Brks.' Barrow hill, an ancient tumulus. Dor. Common in
place-names. Several occur in the Isle of Purbeck, such as Nine
Barrow Down, near Corfe, and Creech Barrow, a large mound on
the summit ofa hill in the Purbeck range. * It's a hard pull to the
top o' the Barrow,' said an old woman near Creech Grange
(J.B.P.). Cor.2
3. Conip. (i) Barrow-, Barra-mouth, an adit or level
dug in a hillside ; (2) -pence, coins found in a tumulus ;
(3) -roses, the burnet-leaved rose, Rosa spinosissiina.
(i> Cum. There are several entrances to the coal-mines at
Whitehaven by inclined passages ; these are called Beermoutlis
or Bearmouths. There are also two or three drifts from the
surface at a place «. of Whitehaven which gets its name Barra-
mouth or Barrowmouth from this circumstance. It's awesome to
see him in his barramouth in the fell side, Caine Shad. Crime
(1885)29; Cum.' (s.v. Beermouth). (2) Ken.' Borrow-pence. Obs.
(31 Pem. Possibly so called from their growth [at Tenby] on sand-
hills near the sea.
[Barrow (a local word), a hillock under which, it is
supposed, the dead bodies of those who fell in battle were
buried, Ash (1795); Barrow, tumulus, Skinner (1671);
Those round hills, which in the plains of Wiltshire are . . .
by the inhabitants termed barrowes, Chaloner in Vale
Royall (1656) IV. 10 (N.E.D.); These hillockes, in the
West Countrie . . . are called barowes, Lambard Peramb.
Kent (1576) 341. OE. beorh; cp. Luke iii. 5, Eelc munt
and beorh (euery hil and litil hil, Wyclif {1388).]
BARROW, sb.* Dur. Chs. [ba ra.] A grove, copse,
dingle.
Dur. (K.) Chs.' Also called a Burrow, q. v.
[Barrow (a local word), a grove. Ash (1795) ; Berwe, or
schadewe (berowe, Pynson, 1499), Umbraculuin, umbra,
Prompt. OE. beam (gen. bearives}, a grove, wood. Cp.
ON. borr (gen. pi. borwa , a tree.]
BARROW, sb.^ Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Shr. Pem. Som.
[ba'ra, baera.]
1. An infant's flannel swathe or pilch. Also called
Barrie, Bar, q.v.
n.Yks.' The flannel in which a newly-born infant is received
from the hands of the accoucheur. w.Yks. 2 3 ^ flannel garment
for an infant between the chemise and the ' lapping piece.*
s.Pem. Gi' me that clean barro, I moost change this child
(,W.M.M.). Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
2. Cornp. Barrow-, Barra-coat, an infant's first under-
dress ; a child's flannel petticoat or nightdress.
N.I.' A long flannel petticoat, open in front. N.Cy.', Nhb.'
Cum. Hand owre thebarra-cwot for mey bairn, Anleuson Ballads
(ed. 1840) 55 ; Cum.' n.Yks. (,I.W.)
3. A child's pinafore.
Shr.' Cud your barrow, Polly, for some apples.
BARROW-DITCH, sb. Obs. Ken. Also written
-dick. A small ditch.
Ken. In the beginning of this century, before the roads were
macadamized, step-faggots were placed on one side of the road to
form a footpath, and a barrow-ditch extended from and at right
angles to the footpath into the road. These occurred at regular
intervals, draining the surface water from the road, and also
compelling carts, &e., to keep off the footpath (P.M.) ; Paid W.
Masters for making 76 Rods of Barrow ditch att three halfpence
a rod, 095. o6d., JVaielionie Highway Bk. (,Dcc. 26, 1752).
Hence Barrow-ditching, vbl. sb. making a barrow-
ditch.
Ken. Paid James Ifield for 62 Rods barrow Dicking, los. /^d.,
Orlestone Highway Bk. (Nov. 28, 1784^
BARROW-QUAIL, see Barraquail.
BARR-TREE. sb. Yks. Also written bartree w.Yks.
The frame on which webs are warped.
w.Yks. A rectangular wooden frame, upon the vertical sides of
which stout pins are placed, and the warp yarn is placed from side
to side to the required length and width, to form the 'web' or
' warp.' The distance apart (side to side* of the pins was 10 feet,
and this length, known as a ' string,' is still the measure of length
for ' webs ' or ' warps ' (W.T.) ; Leeds Mere. Siififil. (Nov. 8, 1884) 8.
BARRY, V. Sc. Nhb. Written barrie (Jam. Suppl.)
[bari.] To thrash corn.
w. &s.Sc. Expresses continued action, as ' I've harried some nine
hours the day' (Jam. Suppl.). Nhb.'
[Here ))is boy is, je bade vs go bary With battis, York
Plays, 334; Bi streyt beryd paththis, Wyclif {1382)
Judges V. 6. ON. berja, to beat, thrash. Cp. barowe,
Irilurare, Levins Manip. (1570).]
BARRY, adj. \y.Yks. [ba'ri.] Of cloth : having a
flaw or defect running across the piece in bars.
w.Yks. Any defects in goods, caused by maker, dyer, or finisher,
which are in the form of marks across the piece, would be called
' harry.' Similar defects running lengthways of the piece would be
called 'stripey.' Both terms are in common use (J. F.) ; (R.H.R.);
(S.K.C.)
BARRYHAM, see Bargham.
BARS, sb. pi} (jbsol. Sc. Yks. A schoolboys' game.
Sc. There is a rustic game called base or bars, and in some
places prisoner's bars, Strutt Spotis (1801) 63 (Jam.V e.Yks.
This w^ord is now quite extinct in my district ( R.S."*. w.Yks. Two
corners of the playground were marked off as places for retreat.
About a dozen bigboys, formed into two sides, took as manysmall
boys on their backs, and issued from their respective corners. The
BARS
[^75]
BARTON
small boys of one side attempted to drag the small boys of the other
ofTthe backs of their riders. A boy became a 'prisoner' on being
dismounted. The game was won when all the small boys of a side
had been captured i M.F.).
[So ran they all as they had been at bace, They being
chased that did others chase, Spenser F. Q. v. viii. 5 ; Lads
more hke to run The country base, than to commit such
slaughter, Shaks. Cymb. v. lii. 20 ; Danes, the play at
Bace, or Prison Bars, Cotgr. ; Bal and bares and suche
play, Out of chyrchejorde put a-way, Myrc Iitst. Par.
Priests (1450) 336. OFr. (jeu de) barres (La CurneJ.]
BARS, 56. ;*/.= Stf.
1. A rest from work.
Stf.* The lull expression is ' five bars,' or a ' five bars' rest.'
Wein av foiv barz na, on a drou a baksr.
2. Peace, truce.
Stf.2 In quite ordinary use.
BARSALE, see Barksele.
BARSE, sb. Irel. Cum. Wm. The perch, Perca
fluviatilis.
Wxf. (P.J.M.) Cum. Talkin Tarn . . . abounds with perch,
called in the Inquisition of 31st Elizabeth, barces, Hutchinson
Hist. Cum. (1794) I. 131. Wm. iK.)
[Barse (a local word), a perch. Ash (1795) ; Barse, in
Ichthyology, an English name for the common pearch,
Chambers Cyclop. (1788) ; A barse, fishe, tiiicha, Levins
Manip. (1570). OE. bars, 'lupus,' Ep. Gloss. (Sweet
O.f.7". 472). See Base, ,s&]
BARSEL, see Barksele
BARSEN, I'. Der.' pp. oi burst.
BARSHAM, see Bargham,
BARSK, adj. Sc. (Jam.) Harsh, husky.
BARST, 5Z>. s.Chs. |bast.] A loud noise.
s.Chs.i Thjskwib- went of vvidh u praafi baa-rst [th' squib
went off with a pratty barst].
[Cp. OE. bcrslait, to burst.]
BARST, V. Sc. Lan. Chs. Der. Past tense of burst.
Fif. Big biuidy draps . . . barst out, Tennant Papistry 1. 1827)
182. Lan. Grose (1790). Chs. Owd Betty barst aht i' a llud o' tears,
Clough B. Brcsskittle ( 1879") 8 ; Chs.i* ; Chs.^ He's welly fit to
barst [he's almost ready to burst]. Der.^
[He barst neih heore ribbes, P. Plowman (c. 1370) (a.)
VII. i6s ; pe grete barre; of pe abyme he barst vp at onej,
Allit. P. (c. 1360) 963. OE. ba'rst, pret. of berstivi.]
BARSTEN.t^. Chs." [basan.l pp. of burst.
BAR-STONE, sb. Obs. or obsol. Sc. Nhb. In form
barra-styen Nhb.' An upright stone in a fireplace, to
which the bars of the grate are fixed ; the stone seat in
an ' ingle neuk.'
Per. Such grates are now almost unknown (G.W.). Rxb. (Jam.)
Nhb. Still in useiR.O.H.); Nhb.' This was frequently a disused and
inverted ' creein trou ' or ' bear-stone.'
BAR-TENDER, s6. w.Yks. One who keeps or manages
a bar for refreshments.
w.Yks. Engine-tenter, bar-tender are in current use with other
combinations of tent, tend, to mind, but they would seem to be
giving way to more modern terms (B. K.); Aw axed th' bartender
if he'd onny, Hartley Liimiun, 53.
BARTER, sb. and v. Slang. [ba-t3(r).]
1. sb. A half-volley at cricket ; a hard hit.
Slang. Barter . . . was so renowned for the tremendous force
with which he was wont to swipe the ball commonly known to
cricketers as a ' half-volley,' that it actually changed its name in
the Wykehamical vocabulai-y . . . and bore the name of a barter,
Adams IVj'tchamica {iS-jS) 327; Farmer; Barr^re & Leland ;
Shadwell IVyke. S/n>i^ ( 1859-1864").
2. V. To hit a half-volley at cricket.
Slang. Shadwell Uyi;e. Slung (i 859-1864) ; Barr^re &
Leland.
BARTH, sb. Nrf. Suf. Ess. Ken. Dev. Also written
barf Nrf.i [baj).]
1. A warm place or pasture for calves or lambs ; a shelter
for cattle.
e.An.>, Nrf.i Suf. Rainbird Agric. (1819) 288, ed. 1849; Mor-
ton Cyclo. Agric. \ 1863). Ess. Warme barth giue lams, Good food
to their dams, Tusser Husbandrie (1580) 73, st. 26. s.Cy. Grose
(1790) ; Ray (1691). Ken.', Dev.' [(K.)]
Hence Barthless, adj. houseless.
Dev. iv. Times 1 Feb. 26, 1886) 2, col. 3; Dev.' 'Tis a poor
bartliless and motherless child, her said, 19.
2. Coiiip. Barth-house, a shed or ground floor open at
the side.
Nrf.' The barf house is the Yarmouth term for the shed where
the first stage in curing herrings takes place.
[Barth (obs.), a warm pasture for young cattle. Ash
(1795); so Kersey (1715), Bailey (1721), Coles (16771.
Prob. a der. of OE. beorgan, to protect, shelter. The
relation of the form barth to barf is obscure.]
BARTLE, s*.' Sc. Yks. Som. Written bartUl (Jam.).
[ba-tl.]
L A contraction for St. Bartholomew.
n.Yks.3 The word is preserved in the name of ' Rceth Bartle
Fair,' a fair held at Rceth on St. Bartholomew's Day.
2. Coiiip. (1) Bartle-day, (2) -mas, St. Bartholomew's
Day, Aug. 24.
(i) Sc. (Jam.) (2) w.Som.' Bartlcmas fair held August 24th,
called also Bathemy fair [baa-thumeej.
BARTLE, sb.' Obs. Wm. The large pin in the game
of nine-pins.
Wm. At ninepins or ten banes they have one larger bone set
about a yard before the rest call'd the bartle, and to knock down
the bartle gives for five in the game (K.); Wm.' Obs., but still
remembered by old dalesmen.
BARTLE-KNOT, sb. Obsol. Nhb. The knot nearest
the ground in straw.
Nhb. The bartle knot was a guide to the shearer when corn
was cut by hand, and was at that time in gat. use, though now
seldom heard (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.'
BARTON, sb. Glo. Oxf. e.An. Sus. Hmp. Wil. Dor.
Som. Dev. Cor. [ba'tan.]
1. A farm-yard ; a rick-j'ard ; the outbuildings at the
back of a farm-house ; also called Barken, Backside, q.v.
Glo. The yard or court where the corn-ricks and mows are
made, called the Rick-barton, Grose (1790) MS. add. (H. i ; The
whole barton and the beasts an' all ud ha' perished, GissiNG
Vill. Hampden (i8go) I. xi ; Glo.' Also specifically 'the cow
barton,' a 3'ard with a shed. e.An.' Used also for a poultry-j'ard.
Sus. Grose (1790) ; Sus.' ^ w.Cy. A cow barton, a hay barton, &c,,
Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863V Hmp. (J.R.W.) ; Lisle Obs. Hiisb.
U757); Hmp.' Wil. A rick-barton (K.); WiL' Formerly in very
common use. but now displaced by yard s.v. Barken\ Dor.
A^. cir-* Q. (1883) 6th S. vii. 366; Then they drove the animals back
to the barton, or sat down to milk them on the spot. Hardy Tess
(1891)168. w.Dor. iC.V.G.) Som.SwEETMAN ll'incnnloti GI.{iW^y,
W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; The poultry in the yard were seen flying for
refuge to a covered barton, Compton IVinscombe Sketches (1882)
98 ; While out in th' barton th' bullicks da Stan, Pl'LMAN Skrtclics
(1853) 19; All the cattle had been driven intii the stalls which
surrounded the barton, Ray.mond Misteyton's Mistake (18881 39.
n.Som. Let proper stalls and bartons be erected as a residence for
the cows, Marshall Rcvieiv ^i8i8^ II. 527. w.Som.' That part of
the farm premises which is specially enclosed for cattle ; very
frcq. called the stroa baa'rteen, because it is here that large
quantities of straw are strewed about to be eaten and trodden into
manure. It is very common to reser\'e in leases the use of bartons,
&c. for certain periods after the expiration of the term, for the
consumption of the fodder, which must not be sold for removal.
The enclosure for corn and hay-stacks is called the maew-baar*tcen.
Dev. YQ can take a short cut aciass the barton ; there's a gap in
tha badge that yii can git drii, Hewett /"cas. Sp. (1892^ ; Dev.'
n.Dev. In and out of the house and through the precincts of the
farm-yard or barton as he [an Exmoor clergyman] called it,
Whvte-Melville Kalerjdto (1875) '43- aw.Dev, Pe.sgellv
Vrovinc. (1875').
2. Hay raked up in rows.
Glo.', Oxf.' MS. add.
3. A large farm, esp. the demesne lands of a manor; a
farm-house.
Oxf. A farm over 300 acres (M.A.R.). tJi&}-Obs. Formerly the
demesne land of the lord of the manor ; not let out on lease,
but held by the lord, in his own h.Tiids, for the sustenance of
his household. Cmb.' Obs. Sus.' w.Dor. Roberts Hist. Lyme
Regis (1834). w.Som.' Applied to the entire farm and homestead,
but in this case only to the more important farms ; very often
it is the manor farm, or the principal holding in the parish,
whether occupied by the owner or not— generally noL In these
BARVEL
[176]
BASH
cases the farm, including the homestead, generally takes the name
of the parish preceding the barton, as Sampford Barton, Sec.
D;v. They call a great farm a Berton, a small farm a Living (K ) ;
Moore Hist. Dev. 1 1829) I. 353; There were in it some three or
four gentle families, of as good blood as the Lord of the Manor,
inhabiting bartons, Baring-Gould Old Cy. Life (1890) i : Dev.i
n Dev. An' thees day month, if all be well, All meet ta Whitveel
Bartin, RocKyim an' Ae!l{iS6q) 14 ; A capital farm, also a grange
belonging to an abbey, Grose (1790) MS. add. (H:) ; Taken shelter
at the Barten as he'd gone that way about. Chanter JVUch (1896)
109. w.Dev. Marshall Riir. Ecoh. (1796) L loi. Cor. Monllily
Mag. (1808) IL 422 ; Cor.' ; Cor.2 71/5. add.
[1. Barton, the outhouses belonging to a farm or mansion
house, the courtyard, Ash (1795); Barton, a backside,
fold-yard or out-house, Bailey (1721) ; Barton, a coop to
keep poultry in. Kersey (1715) ; so Coles (1677), Cooper
(1565), s.v. Cohors; Barton or place enclosed where
husbandry is vsed, cohors, Huloet (1552). 3. Barton, the
demesne lands of a manor, a manor house, Ash (1795) ;
Barton, ' Prcedium Doiuhucmn, vel Tenw quas vocant Donii-
nicales, hoc est, quas in distributione Manerii, Dominus
non elocavit hsereditarie, sed alendae suje familise causa,
propriis manibus reservavit. Vox in Devouia & plaga
occidentali bene nota,' Spelman (1687); Barton in the
West signifies demeans, lands, and sometimes the manor
house, Blount (1670) ; That part of the demaines, which
appertaineth to the lord's dwelling house they call his
baiteii or berlon, Carew Cornwall (1602) 36 (NED ).- OE.
bere-tuH. a corn-farm, barley-enclosure.]
BARVEL, sb. Ken. Cor. Nfld. Also in form barbel
Ken.' ; barvU Cor.'^ ; barwell Cor.'» [ba vl, babL]
1. A short leather apron, used by washerwomen.
Ken. Lewis /. Tenet (17361 51 ; Ken.'^
2. A leather apron or petticoat worn by fishermen, when
hauling in their nets.
Ken. Still used by the Folkestone fishermen, particularly by the
retters, who stay out many hours. It is a kind of apron or petti-
coat waterproof, with a bib fastening over the neck, known as a
barbel (W.F.S.) ; Ken.i Cor.i ^ [Nfld. A tanned sheepskin used
by fishermen, and also by splitters, as an apron to keep the legs
dry, Patterson Trans. Amer. Flk-Lore Soc. (1894'.]
[Of a bole hyde ben here barmfellys, Rel. Ant. (c. 1350)
I. 240 (Matzker). Barm, sh.'^ +/ell (skin). Cp. Barm-
skin.]
BARWAY, sb. Ken. Sur. Sus. [ba-wei ] A gateway
in which the bars fit into holes in the posts and can be
taken out separately.
Ken. P.M.) ; Ken.' w.Ken., e.Sus. Holloway. Sur.', Sus.'
BARWEED, sb. Som. Convolvulus arvensis.
BARWELL, see BarveL
BASALT, 56. Stf. Black earthenware, introduced by
Josiah Wedgwood.
Stf.^ Common black teapots are called basalt ware.
BA-SANG, (■«/. Nhb. Also written by-song Nhb.' An
exclamation of surprise.
Nhb.i Ba-sang ! but he'll get it liet noo. By-sang! thor'd a been
a bonny wark, if aa hadn't getten there.
[Of Fr. origin. Cp. Fr. bon sang!, bon sang de bon Dim,
oaths used by the common people (Delesalle) ; Sangoy,
Sang de Dieu, rustic oaths (Miege and Cotgr.). Equivs.
of E. 'Sblood (Shaks.), i. e. God's Blood.']
BASCH, see Bash.
BASE, sb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Hmp. Also written
bass Cum. Wm. ne.Lan.' [bis, bas.] The perch, Perca
fluviatilis. In Hmp. the sea-perch. See Barse.
Cum. Grose (1790) ; Talkin Tarn . . . abounds with perch (here
called bass), Hdtchinson Hist. Cum. (17941 \. 131 ; Gl. (1851' ;
Aw's fish 'at comes — be't bass or char, Gwordie Greenup Yance
a Year '1873I 11 ; When Thirlmer's shore I stcind upon An'
prickly bass I fish'd for, Richardson Talk (1876) 2nd S. 24.
Wm.' w.Yks. Hutton Tour to Caves (1781). n.Lan.', ne.Lan.'
Hmp. Holloway ; Hmp.' [S.\tchell i 1879).]
[Base, a kind of fish, otherwise call'd a sea-wolf,
Phillips (17061 ; The boisterous base, the hoggish tunny
fat, Dennys Secrets of Angling (1613) (Dav.) ; Bar, the
fish called a base, Cotgr. ; A base fishe, Sargus, Baret
(1580); Bace fysslie, ung bar, Palsgr. (1530); Bace,
fysche. Prompt. OFr. bars (also bar), ' loup de mer,'
Hatzfeld. MHG. bars, perch (Lexer), cp. OE. beers.
See Barse]
BASE, see Bass, s6.', Beest.
BASE-CHILD, 56. Shr.Som. Dev. An illegitimate child.
Shr.* 1689. Expcnces at y® sealing a bond to saue the Jijh
[Justice] Rarmely from a bace child, 00. 01. 00, Prh. Ace. Clun.
w.Sonv.', Dev.^
[For this use of base cp. base-born, form, in common
use. A bastard, a base-born person, Phillips (1706);
Base-born, spurius, nof/ius, aditlterinus. Robertson Phras.
(1693) ; A bastard, a base borne, unlawfully begotten,
Baret (1580).]
BASEL, V. So. Nhb. Also written baisel Nhb." ;
bazzle Sh.I. [be zl, ba zl ] To rush about, run in a
hurried and laborious manner.
Sli.I. Bassle, to struggle in water as in drowning {Coll. L.L.B.).
Nhb. In common use (R O. H.) ; Nhb.' A'm baiselin ma sel ta get
dyun i' time te catch the train.
[LG. baseln, ' verwirrt, vergesslich sein ; blind und
wiithend, oder doch unbesonnen auf Etwas losgehen '
(Berghaus) : MLG. baseln, ' kopflos handeln ' (Schiller-
LiJBBEN). This word is a freq. in -el of a vb. found in
many G. dials. Holstein basen, ' irren, gedankenlos gehn '
(ScHtiTZE); Bremen basen, ' delirare ' {IVtbch.); LG.
basen, 'irrsinnig geworden sein, namentlich in Folge
dclirii treinentis ' ( Berghaus). E Fris. basen, ' rasen, toben '
(Koolm..\n|. Du. basen, to rave (Hexham).]
BASES, sb.pl. Obs.? Dev. The hangings of a bed.
Dev. She must ha' a bed with vine Cornishes, che think they
call 'em, and bases, and che know not what. Obliging Husband
(1717) 13-
[Soiibassement de lief, the bases of a bed ; that which
hangs down to the ground at the sides and feet of some
stately beds, Cotgr. The word was once in common use
of the trappings of a horse. The basses and bardcs of
their horse were grene sattyn, Hall C/iron. Hen. VllI
(1548) (Richardson). A spec, use of base (the lower
part).]
BASH, sb} Irel. Hrf. Also written baush Wxf
[baj, baej.] The palm of the hand. See Boss.
s.V/xf. ( P.J M. , Wxf.', Hrf.=
BASH, sb.'^ Irel. A crab with a soft back.
Ant. (W.H.P.)
BASH, 56.3 and z'.' Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. I.Ma.
Chs. Stf Not. Lin. Nhp. War. Oxf. Bck. Bdf Hrt. Ken.
Also written basch Sc. [baj, baeJ.]
1. sb. A heavy blow.
Sc. An' gae her a desperate bash on The chafts that day,
NicHOL Pof««(l8o5) I. 36'jAM.). e.Lth.Hesaid itwasa bash on
the heid o' nae common kind. Hunter J. Inu'ick (1895) 241.
Nhb.' Cum. Doon it went in a bash— in ya bash frae top to
bottom, Caine Shad. Crime (1885) 20.
2. A dint caused by a blow.
Lnk. (Jam.)
3. V. To beat, strike, crush, smash.
Sc. Thou sallt basch them intil tlendirs, Riddell Ps. (1857)
ii. 9. Rnf. Fir'd wi' indignance I turn'd round And bash'd wi*
mony a lung The Pack, that day, Wilson Poems (1816) 125.
Lth. To beat to sherds (Jah.\ Nhb.' Aa bashed mc heed again
the top. Hi, canny man, ye've bashed yor hat. She bashed the
door i' me fyece. Cum. (H.W.) ; Cum.' Her bonnet was bash't in
t'rain. Wm. He coed mi a leer, an' I basht him his een up for't
iB.K.). Yks. Bash it, lad.bash it wi' a stoan^W.M.E.F.). e.Yks.
He bashed lad's heead ageean deear powst, Nicholson Flk-Sp.
(1889) 23. I.Ma. Bash me on the head for a blockhead, Caine
Man.xman ('1895! pt. i. ix. Chs. He threatened to bash her across
Ihe i&Vi , Altnncliain Guard. (June 29, 1895). Stf.^One chap bashed
my yed agen th' war | wall] wi' 'is elbor. It fair sings na. Not.
He just bashed him on the head as he roosted in the ivy (L.C.M.\
n.Lin. An' bashes his hat in. Peacock Tales and Rhymes (1886)
92. sw.Lin.' He took her by the hair, and bashed her head on the
fioor. Bdf. The storm bashed the whate [wheat] (J.W.B.).
Hrt The rain comes bashing against the window (G.H.G.).
Ken. (P.M.^ ; Ken.' His hat was bashed in. Slang. Now if Palley
makes his stock quotation I'll bash him. Day at Eton (1877) 168;
The idle unemployed . . . ' bash ' industrious blacklegs into mum-
mies. Sat. Review (1889) 267, col. i.
BASH
[177]
BASKET
Hence Bashed, ppl. adj. bruised, dinted ; Bashing, (i)
///. adj. of rain : heavy enough to beat down the surface
of the soil ; (2) vbl. sb. beating, crashing.
Slk. Like a heap o' bashed and birzcd paddocks, Ciir. North
Noclis (ed. 1856) III. 16. (i) Hrt. A b.ishing wet time, Ellis
Mod. I/iisb. uv.'SoV. i.57. la) Cum. Our Matt . . . saw the cradle
wi' the bairn Gan bashing through the window, Rayson Misc.
Potms {iQsS) 8.
4. To beat trees with a pole in order to knock down
fruit, or drive out birds ; to strike water with a bougli or
stick.
Not. (L.C.M.), Nhp.s War.3 To bash walnut trees. ' Now then,
bash 'em out' — ]hr. used in ' bat fowling,' i. e. when the net and
lantern are in position this is a direction to begin beating the ivy,
rick, or hedge to drive the sparrows. Hrt. Acorns are commonlj-
bashed down by poles on purpose for hogs, Ellis Mod. Ilnsb.
( 1750 1 VI. ii. 90. Ojf.'. n.Bck. (A.C.) Bdf. Hatchelor Whii/ ^1/^.
Lang. (iZog); The boys bashed the walnuts on Sundays J. W. 13.).
6. To be injured by crushing (.').
R»b. Anc whiles could trow this yirthcn globe Began to bash
and forrct thraw, Riddell Poel. IVks. (1871) I. 198.
0. Fig. To work vigorously, in plir. to Ims/t azvny.
Cum. Dcvelinents sucr Ich gih whoke [folk] back ther o.in. if
they'll nobbut bash away, Sakcisson Joe SioaJ) ^iCSl) aJ4; Cum.'
BASH, 5*." and 2^.2 Ilrf. [boej.]
1. si). The matted roots of a tree.
Hrf. Bound Prov. (,1876; ; Hrf.'
2. V. To trim timber by cutting off roots and boughs
close to tlie trunk.
Hrf. ^\V.W.S.)
BASH, sb.^ Hrf.i The front of the head of a bull or
a i)ig.
BASH, v.^ Sc. Yks. Stf. Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. Also
written bosh Lei.' [baj, bjej.]
1. To abash, confuse, check ; also iiifr. to be abashed or
confused.
Ayr. But bashing, and dashing, I feared aye to speak, Burns
A>is. to Gtddwi/^ ^1787) St. 3. e.Yks.' He was talking vairy big,
but ah basht him when ah tell'd him what ah knew about him.
s.Stf. I put the screen up to bash the heat As the boss come
tearin' down the hill, I waved my arms to try to bash him. Pjnnock
Dtk Cy. Ann. (1B95). War.* His first plaace bashed him so that
he is afraid to go out again. ' He [the gardener] would get the
netting out— that would bash 'em [the birds] a bit,' Andeuton LeII.
jixim Cy. House (1891) 22. Shr.' Fire yore gun, an' it'll bash them
rooks. Fur shame on yo', John, talkin' so vulgar, yo'n quite bash
these young girls.
2. To lose flesh, to become sickly, to fall oil" in appe-
tite, &c.
Lei.' Take care your pig don't bash. He begins to bash in his
victuals. It [the baby] warn't a bit bashed by it teclhin'. Nhp.' A
pig is said to bash when it dwindles and decreases in flesh, on
being removed from good to bad food. ' It goes back,' or is
* pulled down,' are equivalent expressions. War.*
[Bash (not much used), to be ashamed, Asii (1795);
Neither bash I to say that the people of Rome invaded
this isle, Holland Aiuiniaiiiis (1609) (Nares); I wende
no Bretouns vvalde bee basschedc tor so lyttille, Moile
Attli. (c. 1440) 2T2I, ed. 1871 ; Oure hertc biisshedc,
Wyclif (1382) Josh. ii. II. Aphctic form of lit. E. abasli
(to confound).]
BASH, adj. Lan. [baJ.] Shy, bashful.
Lan,', n.Lan.'
[The same as Bash, i/.^j
BASHY, adj.^ Wm. Yks. Nhp. [baji.] Wet, rainy,
muddy.
Wm.' Applied to wet, boggy places in fields, n.lfks.* Bashy
weather, Bashy land. Nhp.' It's very bashy weather.
BASHY, rtrt>'.* Obs. .' n.Cy. Fat, swelled.
cCy. Grose (1790). (Not known to our correspondents.]
BASIC, see Bazzock.
BASIER, sec Bazier.
BASIL, ,s/). Der. Nhp. Also written bassell nvv.Der.';
bassel Nlip.'
1. Sliccpskin tanned in bark. Sec Bassins.
nw.Der.', Nhp.'
VOL. I.
2. Con'.(>. Bassel-bowls, balls covered with sheepskin
used in the game of bowls.
Nhp.'
[Basil, a tanned sheep skin, Asii (1795); so Bailey
(i755>-)
BASIL-HAMPERS, phr. Obs. ? Lin.
Liu.' A person of short stature, taking short steps, who pro-
ceeds slowly : a female whose attire falls awkwardly round her
feet. [Not known to our correspondents.]
BASIN, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Also written bassin
Lan. Chs.'* nw.Der.' ; bason w.Yks. A large brown
u'oodcn bowl in which milk or butter is kept.
w.Yks. On the hills about Hebden Bridge the word 'bason' is
applied only to the large brown bowls in which farmers keep
their milk, and the word ' bowl ' to what is usually cillcd a bason,
Illf.v. IVds. n.Lan.', w.Lan. (H.M.), Chs.'*. nw.D.-r.»
BASING, si. Stf. Der. Lei. Nhp. War. Also written
bazing Nhp.' fbe'zin.] The rind of cheese.
stf.', Der.2, nw.Der.', Lei.', Nhp.', War.=*
[I'rob. tilis word refers prop, to the bottom of the cheese.
Base (bottom) -1- -iiig.]
BASK, I'.' c.An. To beat severely.
Nrf. Miller & Skeutculy /".K/fliK/ (18781 iv; Nrf.'
Hence Basking, t/W.iZ'. (i) a thrashing; (2) a drenching
in a heavy shower.
(Oi e.An.' (2) e.An.', Nrf.' [Holloway.]
[Many things . . . which bulfet and baske it shrewdly,
Rogers A'nrtwxiH (1642) 443 (N.E.D.). Norw. dial, haska,
to splash in the water like sea-fowl (Aasen; ; Sw. dial.
baska, to beat, strike I Rietz).]
BASK, v.'^ Chs. Shr. [bask, baesk.] To cough
asthmatically.
s.Chs.' Dhcc urdhaa sit s, baaskin unyaas kin i'dh aays au' dee'
liuigg [ rhecr tha sits, baskin an' yaskin' i'lh' liaise aw dee lung].
Slir.' That theer poor oud mon's very bad, 'c'U sit afore the fire
baskin' all d.iy lung.
BASK, v.^ Yks. [bask.] To parch, to shrivel with
heat.
Yks. (CC.R.)
Hence Basked, //i/. odj. parched, dry.
n.Yks.^ Bask'd, as the ground on a hot day.
[The same as Bask, adj.]
BASK, adj Sc. Cum. [bask.]
1. Of weather: very dry. Cf hask.
Dmf. ' A bask day,' a day distinguished by drought, accom-
p.-inied with a withering wind, destructive to vcget.ition iJam.X
Gall. Ab.isk blowy day in the end of March, CROCKEiTiV/VZ-// .W".
1,1893) ' ■' It was a bask day in early spring, lA. Raiders 1,1894 ii.
2. Of fruit : sharp, bitter, rough to the taste.
Rxb. (Jam.) Cum. Unripe fruit is bask, LiNiON Lake Cy. (1864)
296. [Bitter as a bask apple (,K.\]
[This is a spec, use of a LG. word widely spread, with
the sense of harsh, austere, bitter. I'ride and covctise
and ipocrisie . . . ben bask or bittir synnes, Wvclif
Sel. IV. (c. 1380) (M.\TZNER). NorW. dial. bask, proud
(Aasen); Sw. bask, barsk, stern (Wii)i:i;uen| ; Bremen
bask, barsk, bitter, severe ( ll'Ibch. ) ; Holstein basch, sharp,
bitter {Idiulikon) ; LG. basch, bask, bar.^k, rough, harsh to
the taste ( Bekghaus) ; G. barsch; Ei'"ris. baisk, rough,
severe ( Koolman ).]
BASK, sec Busk.
BASKET, iZ). Irel. Lan. Chs. War. 0.\f. Ken. Hmp.
Wil.
1. A measure of quantity, varying according to the nature
of the contents.
Ken. Basket of cherries, 48 lbs., Morton Cytlo. Agric. (i863\
s.Wil. At Hcytcsbur>' potatoes arc sold by the ' basket,' which
contains 3 pecks. Elsewhere they arc. sold by bag ur sack, both
of which measures vary greatly in capacity according to locality
(G.E.1).\ Wil.'
2. The stomach. Cf. bread-basket.
Wxf.' Oxf. I'd sooner have fifty, than one on the basket, Black-
HORE Cripps cd. 1895^ Iv.
3. Hatting term : a flat crossing of twigs used to press
down the layers of wool or fur.
Chs.'
4. In comp. (i) Basket-fortune, a small fortune ; (2)
BASKET FERN
[178]
BASS
-money, see below ; (^3 ) -sword, a sword with a hilt formed
to protect the hand from injury.
(I) Hmp.' Basket- fortune, said, it is believed, of a girl's marriage-
portion. 1.0) Ken. At the end of hop-picking, some masters give
the pickers a small gratuitous payment, called basket-money, in
addition to the usual wages (P.M.). (3) ne.Lan.', War. (J.R.W.)
BASKET FERN, sZ>. Hmp. Cor. The iern Aep/irodiitin
Filix-mas.
Hmp.i Cor. So called from the hollow, basket-like form in which
the fronds grow up.
BASKETLE, sb. Chs. Stf. Der. Also written bas-
kittle Chs.' [ba skitl.] A basketful.
Chs.' s.Chs.' Oo 2 gofn u grae't baaskitl ii korunz [Hoo's
gotten a grat baskettle o' corrans] (s.v. Nose). Stf.^ Goo an fatch
a baskitl o' sticks fur let th' foire i' th' mornin'. Der.'
[A pron. of basketful.]
BASKETS, sb. pi. Wil. Ribwort plantain, Plantago
lanceolala.
Wil.'
BASKING, see Bask, v?
BASKY BIRD, sb. n.Dev. The yellow ammer,
E)i I heriza ciliin ella.
n.Dsv. i,E.H,G.)
BASLARD, sb. Obs. Nhb. Cum. A long dagger, ffeii.
worn suspended from the girdle.
Nhb.i Cum. Linton Lake Cy. (1864) 296.
[A bazelarde, eitsis, gladiolus, Levins Manip. (1570) ;
Baselarde, ska, Prompt. ; Alle that bereth baslarde,
P. Plowinan IB.) iii. 303. AF. bastard. By Statute 12
Rich. II, c. vi. it was provided that 'null servant de
husbandrie . . . ne porta desore enavant baslard dagger
nespee,' cited in Peacock's Notes to Myrc Inst. Par.
Priests, 68.]
BASNET, sb. Obs. Sc. Cum. Der. A light helmet.
Sc. Thou has ta'en the basnet at last, Scott Monastery (18201
xxxvi. Cum. O is my basnet a widow's curch, Gilpin Bnlltnts
(1866) 477. Der. They beat his bassnet to his heade, Jevvitt BalUiils
(1867) 53.
[A basnet, cassida. Levins Manip. { 1570) ; A basenet,
cassis, galea, Calh. Angl. (1483); With bathe his handis
in-to \& brayne his basenet he cleuys, Wars Alex, (c, 14501
4002. Fr. bassinet, a head-piece, worn in old time by the
French men of arms (Cotgr.).]
BASON, see Bauson.
BASON-CROP, sb. In gen. dial. use. The method of
cutting the hair all round alike.
Nhb. When it happened that a man or boy was cropped so that
the ends of his hair i^ormcd a ring straight round his head he was
said to have got a ' bason crop.' The insinuation was that his hair
had been cut at home by an amateur who had used a bason to
guide the scissors (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.' Three apprentices, 'showing
themselves disobedient and very obstinate, were first in open
court (where a dish is said to have been kept, by the edge of
which their hair was cut round) made exemplary by shortninge their
hair,' Booli 0/ Mcrcliant Adveiifmeis, Newcastle, December 7, 1649.
BASONING, vbl. sb. Chs. Term used in hat-making :
the process of hardening felt on the 'bason.'
Chs.' The first process of felting after the material is formed for
the hat body ; also called * Hardening.' [The body-maker com-
menced operations, and for bowing, basining, boiling, and planking
he received in 1805 85. per dozen, Hist. Deiiloii Cliapel (Chet. Soc.
1855I "•]
BASS, sb} Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also
written base e. An.' Suf ' ; boss Chs.^ [bas, baes.]
1. The wild lime, Tilia parvifolia. Cf. bast.
n.Lin.' sw.Lin.' Bass and Hirk are so tender.
Hence Bassan, adj. made of ' bass,' or fibre of the
lime-tree.
Hrt. They stake their horses with bassan ropes, Ellis Mod.
Hiisb. '1750) III. i.
2. Matting made usually of straw, dried rushes, &c. ;
orig. that made from the inner bark of the lime-tree. The
rushes or fibre of which matting is made.
N.Cy.' Dried rushes or sedges. Nhb.' The soft reeds from which
bass-mats, &c., are made. Dur.' Cum. Dried stems of bulrush
used to bottom chairs and make mats (J. P.). Cum.. Wm. Dried
rushes; also the inner bark of a tree, Ferguson No.t/tiiieii (1856)
204, Wm. The chairs were bottomed with bass (B.K.). n.Yks.'^,
ne Yks.' w.Yks.^ Matting made of the inner bark of birch,
n.Lin.i A kind of rush ; also matting, whether woven or in strips,
as used for tying up garden plants. Lei. Roving from matting,
used by gardeners (C.E.\ ne Wor. ( J W.P.) Glo.^ Matting used
in gardens. e.An.' Suf.' Shreds of matting, with which gardeners
tie up lettuces, flowers, &.C.
3. A mat made of coarse straw or rushes, esp. a door-
mat.
Sc. When you hear him . . . wipe his feet upon the bass,
Ramsay Reiiiiii, (1861) ico ; He felt for the key under the bass,
Cobban Atidawan (1895) viii. Sh.I. Just at da door, ipo [upon] da
bass, Burgess Rasinie (1892) 63. Abd. (WM.) Lth. Under the
bass at Knowe Park kitchen door . . . Bell found a ten-pound
salmon, and three large trouts, Strathesk Blintihonny (1891)
99. eXth. If ye think he's gaun to lay himsel doun like a
bass for the disestaiblishers to dicht their feet on, ye dinna
ken your man. Hunter J. Inwicti (1S95) 121. Gall. I'll lay doon
a bass for ye to stand and dreep on, Crockett Bog-Mytile (1895)
267. Nhb.i e. Yks. Marshall 7?(«-.£i-o«. (1788) ; e.Yks.' m.Yks.'
Door-bass. Pan-bass, at a kitchen supper-table, is a mat to
set a pan on. w.Yks. Seldom heard except among farmers or
old men, Leeds Merc. Siippl. (Dec. 27, i8go,i ; Banks IV'lJld. Wds.
I 1865) ; (S.P.U.); w.Yks.s
4. A hassock, a kneehng-mat in a church ; properly
applied only to those covered with matting or ' bass.'
n.Cy. Grose (1790) MS. add. (P.); N.Cy.', Nhb.i n.Yks.12 A
knee-bass. ne.Yks.', e.Yks.i w.Yks. Ah see yov getten a new
bass i' th' pew (M.G.); A kneeling mat was formerly known as
a kneeling bass (J.T.) ; P"" pro 3 Basses pro kneeling at the ffont,
25., Bradford Prsli. Ace. (1713); w.Yks.=*5 n.Lan. As dry as
a bass (W.S.). Chs.'; Chs.^ A low stool or kneeling hassock.
Der.' 2 Lin. I'm to put the basses all along, Fenn Cure of Souls
(1889)12. n.Lin.', sw.Lin.i Not. The singers wants another bass
in their seat (L.C.M.) ; Not.i Rut.' This name is now used
regardless of what the material used for covering may be. Them
basses are wore all to muck [of some old coarse straw hassocks
rotted with damp]. Paid pro 3 Basses, 2 pro the Communion
table, the other for the Clark, 15. zd., Churcli Ace. (17201. Lei.
(C.E.), Lei.i, Nhp.' War.^ ; War.^ 12 Basses for ye people to
kneel down on, 25-. 4^., Aiisley Prsli. Ace. (1708). Wor. (J.W.P.),
e.An.' Cmb.' Oh ! mother, they've got all new basses at church.
Dev. w.Tinies (Feb. 26, i886i 2, col. 2.
5. A basket made of straw or matting ; a workman's
tool-basket.
n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.= A tool-bass. ne.Yks.', e.Yks.' MS. add. (T.H.)
w.Yks. Banks JVkfld. Wds. (1865) ; Dyer Dial. (1891) 57 ; (J.T.) ;
w.Yks.2 A light, limp basket for carrying joiners' tools, vegetables,
fish, &c. Chs.' s.Chs.' Aay, ey)z got n iip u bit-, naay ; bur ahy
rimeni'bur im wen ey yoost ky'aari u baas' on iz baak- [Ay, hey's
gotten up a bit, nai ; bur I remember him when he used carry a
bass on his back]. Stf.2, nw.Der.', n.Lin.' sw.Lin.i He takes his
books in his bass.
6. A cart-horse collar, made of straw or rushes. Also
in comp. Bass-collar.
Cum. iB.&H.) nXio.' Bass-collar. Suf.'
7. The soft dry fibres, &c., of which a bird's nest is
composed.
S. & Ork.l
8. Conip. (i) Bass-bottomed, of chairs: having the seat
made of rushes or ' bass ' ; ( 2) -broom, a large broom with
bristles of stift' fibre ; (3) -mat, a hassock; (4) -rope, a rope
formed from the inner bark of the lime-tree ; (5) -wood,
see below.
(i) Wm. & Cum.' Clogs splinter new, bass-bottom'd chairs, 190.
(2) Suf. (F.H.) [In^g-CM. use.] (sine.Lan.' (4) Hrts. Ellis Vl/o(/.
Hush. (1750) IV. I. (5) n.Lin.' Bass-wood, a term vaguely used
by carpenters to indicate several kinds of soft wood.
[2. Basse or bed made of rushes or flags, scirpia,
Robertson Phras. (1693). 4. Bass, a cushion made of
straw, to kneel on in churches, Bailey (1721). 5. A bass,
scirpiculum, Coles (1679 l 6. Basse, a collar for cart-
horses made of rushes, sedges, straw, &:c., Bailey (1721).]
BASS, sb? and v. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf Der. Shr.
[bas.]
1. sb. Coal mixed with slate or rubbish ; coal which
does not readily burn. Cf bat, dundick.
Yks. Brockett ti.Cy. Words (1846). w.Yks. In current use
(B.K.) ; The word is used among colhers round Dewsbury, but not
BASS
[^79]
BASTARD
got. among the lower classes : S J.C.\ Lan.' That coal's now! but
bass. c.Lan.i Chs. '; Chs.^ Clinkers, vitrified part of coals that
will not burn. n.Stf. The rubbish or dirt drawn out of a pit in
getting coal, or iron stone (J.T.^; The ' bleeding ' came from the roof
of the 10 ft. bass, Dy. News (Feb. 8, 1895 1 3, col. 6. Stf.' ; Stf.' Oi
conna get on wi me bakin todec, ar coal's welly a' bass. nw.Der.'
Shr. Bound Prcv. (1876^ ; Shr.'
Hence Bassy, adj. hard, shaly.
Der.2, nw.Der.i
2. In salt-making: 'clinkers' or hardened cinders formed
in the furnace.
Chs.'
3. V. Salt-making term, in phr. lo bass a fire.
Chs.' To ' b.ass a fire' is to get the chnkers out of the furnace
before putting on fresh fuel.
BASS, see Boss.
BASSAM, see Besom.
BASS COCK, sb. Sc. The Puffin, Frataxida aiclica.
Sc. SwAlNSON Birds (1885) 220.
BASSE, see Bass.
BASSELBOWLS, see Basil.
BASSEL-HOUSE, see Bastelhouse.
BASSEND, see Bausond.
BASSER, see Bass-goose.
BASSET, sb. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Ucr. War. Shr.
[ba-sat.]
1. Mining term: the outcrop of a seam or stratum of
coal, liic. ; known also as Basset-edge.
Nhb.' Its basset forms the limit of cultivated land, Sopwitu Min,
Dist. 4. Nhb., Dur, The basset of the Brockwell seam has not
been discovered, Forster Section Straia (1821) 35. w.Yks.
(S.K.C.); w.Yks.= Lan. (C. B.C.) Der. "Where a sMght spiing
and natural wet place appeared either on the basset of one of the
load-stone strata, Marshall Ncviczv Agric. (1814) IV. 81. War.
(C.B.C.) [The edges of a formation exposed by denudation are
called its ' outcrop ' or ' basset,' Woodward CcoI. E)ig. mid Wales
(1876) 422.]
2. Comp. Basset-end, the end of the workings on the
rise of the mine.
Shr.l
BASSET, V. Nhb. Dur. Stf. Der. Mining term : to
crop out as a seam of coal does.
Nhb.' The great limestone ' bassets out on the north bank of the
Tees,' Tate Trans, of Nat. Hist. Soc. II. New S. 12. The High
Main bassets out in the cliffs between Cullcrcoats and Tynemouth,
Mackenzie Hist. (1825) I. 79, Der. Mawe mineralogy (i8o2j Gl.
Hence Basseting, vbl. sb. the outcrop of strata at the
surface of the ground. See Basset, sb.
Stf. Pit coal generally lies in the earth obliquely or aslant,
wherein the sloping or shelving upward is call'd basseting ^K.) ;
Stf.i
BASS-GOOSE, sb. Frf. The gannet, Sula bassana.
Also known as Basser.
Frf. The more uninformed of the peasantry believe that this bird
grows by the bill upon the cliffs of the Bass, of Ailsa and of
St. Kilda, SwAiNSON Birds (1885'! 144.
BASSHILLOE, see Bassiloe.
BASSIE, sb. Sc. Also written bossie Bnff.' ; bassy,
bossy, [ba'si. bosi.] A large wooden bowl used in
making oat-cake, &c., and in which the meal is mixed and
kneaded.
n.Sc. Used for carrying meal from the girnal to the bakeboard
(Jam.). Bnff.' Abd. Ye'll hac little to put in the bassic Gin ye be
sae backward to draw, Ross llelenore (1768) Sng. ; Bat set the
bossy back again Upon the bowie heed [head], Goodivife (1867)
St. 37.
[A bassy of bres (broth), Abd. Reg. (1563) V. 25
(Jam.).]
BASSILOE, sb. n.Stf. Also written basshilloe. The
mound of earth on or near a pit bank.
n.Stf. The gob is the newly-formed mound near the mouth of
the pit ; and as it contains small lumps of coal it is readily fired.
The bassiloe is really a gob out of wiiich the lumps of coal have
been picked, and hence contains much bass (J.T.).
BASSIN, see Basin.
BASSINS, i/A //. Lin. Sheepskins dressed.
Lin. Thompson Hist. Boston (1876) 699. n.Lin.'
[Basil, the skin of a sheep tanned ; this 1 believe more
properly written baseit, Johnson (17^5). Fr. basrne,
sheep's leather dressed like Spanish leather (Cotgk.);
OFr. basnne. ' peau de mouton tannce ' (HatzfeldI.I
BASSOCK, sb. Obs. .' Chs. Lin.
1. A tuft of coarse grass, a thick sod used for fuel. See
Bass. 5/;.'
Chs.' n.Lin.' That none shall grave any sodes, nor turves, nor
hassocks of the Sowthe Easte syde of the Grenc Gaittc and abuttinge
of the South Weste of Grene Howe in pena vi". viij''. Dutltsford
Manor Roll (i~,l^).
2. A hassock.
Chs.^ n.Lin.' For nattes and bassockes for J'c querc, ij'. ix'',
!r°,"'^'S''' '■''"''• "55') ii- 97- For a basseckc for Mr. Buhner,
iiij'', Kirton in Lindsry Ch. Ace. (1633).
BASSOCK, sec Bazzock.
BASSOM, see Bazzom.
BAST. sb. Yks. Lan. Lin. War. GIo.
1. The fibrous inner bark of the lime, Ti/ia parvifolia.
Also in Lin. the fibre of hemp or fla.x. See Bass, *A.'
n.Lin.' Spread it on stubbles for three weeks or a month till the
bast clears easy from the bun, Youxc Agric. (1799) 159. Glo.
The bark is stripped off about Midsummer, dried like hay, and is
called bast, Marshall Review (iSi-j) II. 446.
2. Comp. Bast-rope, rope prepared from bast.
GIo. Bast ropes are sold in pairs, for 145. per pair, ib.
3. Matting, a mat made of bast.'
w.Yks. To cash p'' for two straw b.asts for v Church, is.,
Bradford Prsh. Ace. (1709). ne.Lan.', War. (J.R."\V.)
[OE. bccst?^
BAST, see Baste.
BASTARD, sb. Yks. Chs. Ken.
1. A gelding.
Ken.'
2. A term of reproach for a mischievous or worthless
boy.
w.Yks. ScATCHERD Ms/. MorUy (1830) 168, cd. 1874; (S J.C)
3. Salt-making term : weak brine.
Chs.'
4. An ill-thriven tree or shrub.
w.Yks.2; (S.N.)
BASTARD, adj. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Chs. Lin. Lei.
War. Hrt. Mid. Ken. Sur. Som.
1. Of stone, <S:c. : impure or nondescript.
Nhb. Borings (i88i) II. 9; Nhb.' Bastard limestone. Nhb.,
Dur. Nicholson Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
2. Comp. (i) Bastard-freestone, quartzite ; (2) -whin,
very hard post or sandstone.
(i) Bnff.' (2) Nhb. A kind of hard freestone, or, as it is called,
bastard whin, Denliam Tracts ^cd. 1892) I. 9 ; Nhb.'
3. Of land: unproductive, poor, barren.
w.Yks.2 Land is said to be bastard when it will not yield a crop.
4. Comp. (i) Bastard-crop, a crop grown out of due
rotation ; (2) -fallow, grass land ijlouglicd up as soon as
the haj' crop is taken off, and then worked as a fallow for
wheat ; (3) -potatoes, potatoes which have been left in
the ground and grow the following spring, without pro-
ducing any fruit worth digging up.
(i) sw.Lin.' They [oats] are a bastard-crop ; it fell to be turnips
this turn. (2^ Chs.' In the bastard fallow a crop of hay is taken
first, and the land is not ploughed till midsummer, or even later,
and it thus gets only half the working that a true fallow receives
Lei.' Also called Tin-fallow. War. (J.R.W.) Sur.' Land which
has been partly fallowed, but off which some green crop has been
taken before it is sown with wheat ; and so distinguished from
what is called a ' whole-follcr.' (3) e.Yks.'
5. Of trees : female.
w.Yks.2 People speak of a bastard ash, oak, &c.
6. Of a child: puny, small, ill-formed.
w.Yks.2
7. Comp. (i) Bastard-cock, a large haycock; (2) -eagle,
the osprey ; (3) -killer, the plant Savin, Jiinipertis sabiiia ;
(4) -rig, the smooth hound-fish, Miisklus laevis ; (5) -sole,
the lemon-dab, P/eiiroiiectcs miaocep/ialiis.
(I) Hrt. Bastard-cocks, that are as big again as grasscocks,
Ellis Mod. /Jusb. (1750). Mid. The small cocks, made into
bastard cocks, the bastard cocks, into great cocks, Marshall
Rei'iew 1817) V. 107. (2) Nhb.' 1 3) w.Som.' (4) Ken.' (Satchell
0879).] (5) Nhb.' [Satchell(i879,\]
A a 2
BASTE
[i8o]
BAT
BASTE, sb. Cum. [best.] A blow.
Cum. Linton Laie Cv. (1864) 296.
[The same as Baste, v.]
BASTE, V. In gen. dial, use in Sc. and Eng. Also
written baiss (Iam.); baist Nhb.^ Yks. Lan. nw.Der.';
beeast Wm.' ; baest w.Yks. ; baayste Brks.' ; bast Ess.' ;
beyast I.W.* [best, beast]
1. To thrash, flog, beat soundly.
Lfh. (Jam.) Nhb.i, Dur.', Cum.2, -Win.', n.Yks. (I. W.) e.Yks. Ah'll
baste thaweel. if thoodizrn't m.ihnd what thoo'sdeeahin, Nicholson
Flk-Sp. (1889)23; Thompson Hist. Wellon (1869) i^i ; e.Yks.i
w.Yks. Banks Wkfld. IVds. (1865); I raised t'stick to baste it wi',
Dlxon Cravm Daks (1881) 255 ; I'll baste him weel (J.T.) ; Shoe
wanted a girt stick takkin' til 'er, an' bastin' well (.F.P.T.) ; w.Yks.''5
Lan. Gaskell Lecttiies Dial. (1854) 29; Lan.' Chs.^ Baste him
well. Stf. Sharp Gl. ; Stf.* Yo lads get off wom, or oi'll cum an
baste yer slarns fur yer. Der.i I'll baste thy hide for thee.
nw.Der.i, Not. (J. H.B.J n.Lin. Thaay to'ns to agaan an' baastes
wonanuther, Peacock Tales and Rliyiitcs (1886 87; n.Lin. 1 If I
was nobud t'tcll the school maister he'd baaste th' whole lot on
you. Nhp.i2, War.'*^, se.Wor.i Shr.' Turn, I 11 baste yore back
fur yo in another 'afe minute if yo dunna be quiet. Glo.^, Brks.i,
n.Bck. (A.C.'i Bdf. BATCHELORylHo/. Eng. Lang. (1809); (J.VV.B.)
e.An.i, Nrf.', Suf.' Ess. I'd had um basted more, Clark /. Noakes
(1839) 29; Gl. (,1851); Ess.i Ken. (H.M) Hmp.' Jim was ter-
ribly basted at the fair I.W.i I'll beyast thee well vor that ;
I.W.2 Wil. Britton Beaiilics (1825). n.Wil. If I could catch un
I'd baste un (E.H.G). Som. I doant mian ta zaay vrom that,
tes zactly tha thing to baste her, ' Agrikler ' Rhymes (18721 10.
Dev. I'll basle thy hide vur thee ef thee dissent come intii ouze
dreckly minit, Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892). n.Dev. Ad chell baste en
to tha true Den, E.xiii. Crtslip. (1746) 1. 518. Dev.^, Cor.2 Slang.
She'd . . . baste her lord and master most Confoundedly, Barham
IngoldsJ.y (1840) The Ghost.
Hence (i) Baster, si. a heavy blow; (2) Basting, t^W.
sb. a thrashing, a beating.
(i) w.Yks.' (2) Slk. I Ja.m.) Nhb.^ Aa'll gie ye sic a byestin as ye
niwor gat i' yor life. Wm.' I'll gi tha a beeasting. Lan. Baistin',
Gaskell Leetuies Dial. (1854 , 29 ; Lan.' Thae'llt get a rare bastin',
mi lad, when thae gets whoam. Der. Nobory uH mak owt o'yo till yo
get a bastin twice a day. Ward Daiid Grieve (1892) I. i. n.Lin '
He gev him a good baastin' for thrawin' stoans at th' turkey cock.
Niip.' You'll catchagoodbastingif 3'oudon'tmind,mylad. se.Wor.'
Uf I ketches thee a runnin' over that gardin agyun, I'll gi' thu a
good bastin. Brks.* I'll gie 'e a baaystin byn by if e dwoant look
out. Nrf. Yow young willain ! I'll give yow a rare basting if I
ketch yowarter that any more fW.R.E.). ne Ken. I 11 give you a
good basting ^H.H.';. I.W.^ I'll gi' thee a good beyasten. n.'Wil.
He wants a good bastin, he do (E.H.G.). Cor.* Thee'lt git a putty
basting.
2. To conqutr, overcome.
N.Cy.l To overcome, particularly at cards where one has lost
considerably.
[To bast (beat', fuste cacdere, Coles (1679); I took a
broom and basted her till she cried extremely, Pepys
Diary (Dec. i, 1660), ed. Wheatlcy ( 1893) ; He paid good
Robin back and side, And baist him up and down, Rob.
Hood, ed. Ritson, I. 102.]
BASTE, see Buist.
BASTEEL, sec Bastile.
BASTERLY-GULLION, phr. Obs. Lan. The ille-
gitimate child of one who is himself illegitimate.
Lan. Grose (1790).
BASTHAD, see Bastard.
BASTICK, sb. Som. [bse'stik.] A basket.
Som. Good hooks an' good gut, a rod properly 'lastic, Wi'
plenty o' skill, you'll be sure vill yer bastic, Pulman Sketehes
(1842) 15 ; W. & J. Gl. (1873I : There's a bushel bastick bin here
theas twelvemonth, Raymond Satn and Sabitia (1894) 107.
[A pron. of basket, with metath. of dental and gut-
tural.]
BASTIES,<7f^'. Sc.CJam.) Also in forms bastish,bastous.
1. Of soil : coarse, hard, bound:
Ayr, Lnk.
2. Of persons: obstinate.
Ayr. A bastous hizzic. Cf. ramstugerous.
BASTILE, sb. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Clis. Stf Der.
Rut. War. Wor. Lon. Also written bastyle Chs.' ; bastU
Chs.3 ; bastille Chs. Stf. Rut.' ; basteel Yks. [ba'stail,
bas stail.]
1. Pop. name for the workhouse.
Nhb.', Cum. ( J.D.) w.Yks. If it hadn't been for thee, awst ha'
been i' t'bastile long sin. Hartley Gri.nes' Trip (1877) 118;
Four pint pots filled wi' what's kept mooar teetotal lecturers
aght o' th' bastile than owt else, lA. Seels (1895) vi ; Lewkin' for
relief to t'Bastile, Preston Mnsins in Yksnmn. (1878) 10; If shoo
gets selld up for rent whol I'm away they'll hev to go to t'Bastile,
ib. Yksntan. (1880) 298. Lan. Ther's some to th' bastile han to
goo, Ramsbottoim Phases of Distress (1864) 78. Chs. I often
hear the workhouse spoken of as the Bastille, Chs. N. & O.
( 1881) I. 36 ; Chs.' ^ This was a very common name when first
the new Union Workhouses were built; but it is gradually falling
into disuse. Stf. She \vas but newly emancipated from the dis-
cipline of the Bastille, Murray Joseph's Coat ^1882) 106. Der. 2
I'd elder goo to th' jail than th' Bastile (s.v. Elder). nw.Der.',
Rut.', War. (J.R.W.) Wor. I always heard the Kidderminster
workhouse spoken of as the Bastile by the lower classes, ^V. & Q.
; 1878) 5th S. ix. 33. Lon. Sending every good man in their villages
to the Bastile. ..as a pauper, Hughes Sco/*;-. IVhile Horse (1859) ii.
2. Camp. Bastile-nurse, a workhouse nurse.
n.Yks. Deeam wur mooanin" angrooanin enuf to t'freet 'a basteel
noorse, Fetherston Stnuggins Pant. 47.
[Forty years ago (1838) a gen. term through England.
'With the change of the poor laws appeared a large book
on the English Bastilles, or a similar title comprising these
words, by G. R. Wyther Baxter. Newspapers adopted
the word and it became at once popular, and the one slang
word for the new union-houses, yV.cHO. (1878) 5th S. ix.32.
An applic. of Fr. BasliHe, the name of the prison-fortress
built in Paris in the 14th cent., and destroyed in 1789.]
BASTLE, .s6. Bwk. Nhb. Also written bastile N.Cy.' ;
bassel Nhb.' A strong stone tower or fortified house,
formerly used as a place of confinement. Sometimes also
known as Bastelhouse, Bassel-house.
Bwk. And we deserve thebastle. For stealin' 3'arn, Henderson
Pop. Rhymes (1856) 16. N.Cy.' Nhb. Nae bastlcs or peels Are
safe frae thae deils, Dixon IVhillingham Vale (1895) 192; Nhb.'
Yet common on the Border. A typical example may be seen at
Thropton, near Rothburj-. The ground floor is a large apartment
with vaulted roof. Over this are the living rooms of tlie owner.
The walls are of great thickness, affording its inmates protection
against a marauding party. * Whalton was probably composed of
bastle-houses, similar in their construction to the Pele towers,
though not so strong or well built,' Elliott Trans. Bwk. Nat. Club,
235-
[Conveys him to enchanted castle, There shuts him
fast in wooden bastile, Butler Hiidibras {i66j^) 1. ii. Argt. ;
The bodies to fe bastell barly to lede, Dest. Troy (c. 1400J
20569.]
BASTON, sb. Obs. Pem. A heavy stick or cudgel.
s.Pem. Yea got a regler baston of a stick. Where be yea gwayin
with that baston, be yea gwayin to meet a rubber? (W.M.M. )
[A baston (club), fitslis, clava, Coles (1679 1; Baston,
a staff, batt, or cudgel, Blount (1670) ; Wit j-air bastons
bete \a\ him, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 15827. OFr. baston
(mod. baton).]
BASTY, adj. Irel. Yks. [be-sty.]
1. Of clay, earth, &c. : tough, hard, stiff, heavy.
N.I.'
2. Of weather: droughty and ungenial.
n.Yks. 2 A bast3^ pining time, a season dry and cold for vegetation.
BAT, 5^.' Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also
written bath Wxf; batt.
I. A stout stick.
1. A cudgel, staff, thick walking-stick.
Wxf. ', Not.', Lei.', War.-^ Ken.' Some prisoners were tried for
breaking out of Walmer Barracks, when the constable said, ' One
of the prisoners struck at me with a bat'; which he alterwards
defined as being, in this case, ' the tarred butt-end of a hop-pole.'
Sur.' Sus. When he walks he keeps putting the staff, wliich he
calls a bat, in front, and so poles himself along, J EFFERiEs/Zrfg'rott'.
(1889) 79; He took with him a middling thick stick, and said that
if any ghost interrupted him he would by the help of his bat try
and find out what a ghost was made of, Egerton Ftks. and tp'ays
(1884) 109; I shook ma bat. Lower /«« Cladpole, St. 120; Sus.'
Dev. w.Times (Feb. 26, 1886) 2, col. 2. [(K.)]
BAT
[i8i
BAT
2. A pole lo ft. 6 in. long.
s.Wal. Morton Cydo. Agiie. (i863\ s.Pem. Laws Lillle Eiig,
(1888 419 ; Obsol. or OAs. An old inliabilant remembers it as a
long pole or stick, 10 feet 6 inches long, used for measuring
land. Tlie n.Pem. equivalent is called a slang, and is 8 yards in
length (W.M.M.\
3. A stafl' placed between two horses in a team, the
traces of a sinojle horse, or a pair of harrows, &c., to keep
them apart. Cf batticle.
Ken. When a team is going tandem-fashion, there is a spread-
bat or spreader placed between the horses lo spread out the traces.
If the team is arranged in pairs, each pair is kept apart by a gig-
bat. The coupling-bat is a staff attached to the mouthpiece of
both horses in a pair, to keep them apart. tSee Gig, Billet.) A
land-bat is the staff which keeps the coulter of a plough in posi-
tion (P.M.); Ken.' Sur.' The coupling bat is the stick or piece
of wood put to keep a pair of harrows apart.
4. A round stick used to strike the ball in the game of
rounders.
w.Som.' Oftener called a timmy.
5. In pi. cricket. Obs.
Cor. Gkose (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; To play at bats, Monthly
Mag. 1 1808) II. 422. [Not known to our correspondents.]
6. The long handle or staft'of a scythe.
Ken. A sythe batt and dowls [doles, q.v.], Inveiilory of Poor-
house, Phickley (1793) (P.M.); Ken.'
7. A large rough kind of rubber used for sharpening
scythes.
Ken, This is known either as * mbber ' or 'rubber bat.* In
some places a distinction is made, ' rubber' denoting a round
stone for sharpening the scythe, and 'rubber bat' a flat stone
used when the metal is soft, so as not to tear it (P.M.) ; Ken.' Dor.
Sometimes called rubber-batts or balkers. Woodward Geol. Eiig.
and Wales (1876) 237. n.Dev. Near Kentisbere irregular con-
cretions of sandstone have been largely worked for scythe-stones
or whetstones, called Devonshire b.itts, ib.
8. A club used in washing clothes. Cf. battling, dolly.
War.3 The washing bat was used to beat the dirty clothes after
they had been ' put to soak ' in water on the day preceding washing
day. Shr.' ? Obs.
9. A wooden tool for battering clods of earth.
Hrf.l
10. A beam ; a log for burning.
Ken. For a load of wood to the poorhouse. Batt fagotts 75, 15',
Pluckley Overseers' Ace. (Jan. 10, 1782I (P.M.); Ken.' Pd. John
Sillwood, for fetching a batt from Canterb[urj'] for a middle piece
for my mill, o. 10'. o, Bolder MS. Ace. Bks. (c. 16641 ; Ken.^, Sus.'
11. A wooden platform for fishermen ; a plank placed
across a dyke as a foot-bridge.
Nhb. A batt has been put up for the purpose of fishing with
sweep nets, Ncwc. Dy. Leader (July 6, 1896;. Ken. Used in the
marshes between Sandwich and Deal (P.M.).
12. A staple or loop of iron. Also in phr. bnls and bn;i(/s.
Sc. (Jam.) N.I.' Bats and bands, a desci^iption of rude hinges,
consisting of a hook which is driven into tiie door-frame, and
a strap with an eye which is nailed to the door, so that the door
can at any time be lifted off its hinges.
13. An iron drag chained to the wheel of a cart or car-
riage when going downhill. Also called drugbat. Cf
slipper, skid-pan.
Brks.', Hmp. (J.R.W.), Hmp.'
II. A Stroke ; rate of motion.
1. A sharp blow, a stroke. In fil. a beating.
Lth. (Jam.) N.I.' He geed me a bat on the heed. s.Don. Sim-
mons Gl. (1890). N.Cy.' Nhb.' A bat o' the jaa. It ne'er could
be brought to behaviour. Though it has got many a bat, Midford
Galloway s Ramble. Dur. Augustus 'n' Antony gat te batts aboot
it, 'n' Antony gat lickt, Egglestone Bdly Podkin's Let. (1B77) 8;
Dur.' Cum. I'swillin to out but bats [expressive of desire for peace]
(M.P.) ; The defendant said a woman broke her nose with a bat
of her clog, Carlisle Patriot (May 10. 1889^ 5, col. 5; Ah lost
patience an' gave her a sharp bat on t'arm, Ricby Midsumnter to
Matiintnas (1891) xiii ; Cum.' ; Cum.^ An* what cared we for
Fortun's bats, hooiver feurce she struck, 49. Wm. & Cum.' At
yea batt he fell't ma flat, 28a. Yks. Hit her a bat K.j ; I did get
a bat, Hamilton Niigae Lit. (1841) 357. n.Yks. Speer'th deaur
and flay back'th cat ; There'st backon in her mouth, hit her a bat,
Meriton Prai'.TC Ale 1684) 1. 219-20; They beared his swipple
. . . gannin* wiv a strange quick bat o' t'lathe fleear, Atkinson
Moorl. Parish (1891) 54 ; n.Yks.' Puir tyke ! 't gets niair bats an
bites [more blows than victuals]. Tak' heed ! mcbbe he'll lak' it a
bat; n.Yks.2 111 give thee thy'bats; n.Yks.^ ne.Yks.' He gav
him sikan a bat ower t'back. Noo Ihoo'll git thi bats inoo if tlioo
deean't behave Ihisen. e.Yks. Aa'U gi' tha' thi' bats, Marshall
Riir. Econ. (1788); Give him a bat ower heead for his pawk
[impudence], Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889) 23; e.Yks.' Thoo'U get
thy bats, my lad, for decin that, when thy fayther cums whom.
m.Yks.' w.Yks. Bud Poll tuk that a bat at chops An screeam'd
aght, 'Thaa'rtaliar !' Preston Poems (18721 Poll Blossom ; Nah an
then givin his stomach a gooid bat wi his fist, as it wor mis-
behaivin' itsel, Piidsey Olm. (18831 21; Ah doan't care a bat [' don't
care a rap '] (vE.B.) ; w.Yks.^ Gee him a bat o' t'hfad ! Lan. Aw
up wi' my fist an' gan her a bat between th* een, Brierley Red
ll'iitd. (1868) 25 ; Hoo gien Sarah a bat o'er th' face wi hur fist,
SiATON Loominary (c. iBeo 62 ; Lan.' n.Lan. Hi gev him 3 bat
und.ir t'lug (W.S.) ; n.Lan.', ne Lan.' ni.Lan.' Give id a bat o'
th' chops wi' a cricket bat. Chs.' Stf.^ Oi noo sooner sd-d th'
word, tin 'e caat mi 11 bat us sent me floyin. Der.'', nw.Der.'
n.Lin.' He fctch'd me such a bat o' th' side o' my head, it maade all
my tcathchitter. Nhp.' [In working stone, or' batting '] each blow
with the mallet is called a bat, and one mason will often say to
another, such a one strikes a good bat (s.v. Batting . Wa-.*,
Shr.'2 Suf. He come a good bat agin the door (C.T.) ; That
come up agin it a good tight bat ,W.R.E.\ Dev. He gave the
colt a bat on the side, w. Times 1 Feb. 26, 1886; 2, col. 2.
2. The stroke or blow of a weaver in sending home the
weft.
w.Yks. Used of the movement of the 'slay' or reed in the
' going part ' of a handloom, whereby the weft was sent home.
Much of the skill of a weaver was shown in the regularity of his
' bat,' which would produce even cloth. If the weft threads could
not be got close enough by one stroke or bat, two were given, or
one and two alternately (W.T.).
3. The stroke of a clock.
Cum. Afoor t'last bat soonded we'd wished j-an anuddcr a Happy
New Year, Gwordie Greenup Amiddcr Batch (1873) 3^. n.Yks.'
4. A ' stroke * of work. A\so in phr.lo keep one at i/ie bat,
to keep one steadily at work.
Sc. Though he's nae bad hand when he's on the loom, it is nae
easy matter to keep him at the batt, Hogg IViiii. Ev. Tales, I. 337
(Jam.). n.Yks.' Ah hevn't strucken a bat sen Marti'mas. ne.Yks.'
Ah's aboot at t'last bat [at the last stroke, worn out]. w.Yks.
Aar Sammy's nivver struck a bat. Eccles Sngs. (1862) 101 ; Aw
haven't stricken a bat this wick. Hartley Clock Aim. (1878) 41 ;
If aw wor him awd nivver do another bat, ib. Talcs, 2nd S. 61 ;
w.Yks.^ He h.is not struck a bat sin' Christmas. Lan. Theaw
hasn't struck bat now for nearly a yer, Ballad, Eaicr Nan an Me.
5. Rate of motion, speed, pace. Alsoy?^. of ' fast ' living:
rate.
N.Cy.' Dur.' He went at a terrible bat. He lived at a great bat
[very extravaganth''. Cum. Haud on a bit ! till we get lo t'hingin
ground, an' then ye'll see her gan a rare bat (J.Ar. . Wm.' Tha
walks at a girt bat. n.Yks. He'll nivver get there at that bat
(I.W.) ; n.Yks.' He gans on at a sad bat. e.Yks. Thoo can't hod
on lang at that bat, Nicholson FlkSp. (18891 95. w.Yks. Hip:.
IVds. ; w.Yks.' It wcr t'varra saam fellow at raad, at a girt bat,
down our loan, ii. 303. Lan. Reight merrily we drove, full bat.
Ridings .^/hs? (1853) 26 ; The world whizzus re,iwnd.at sich o bat
we hannot toime te fo' off, Sciioles Tim Ganiwattle (1857 24 ;
Lan.' ' Uy th' mon,' said he, as he turn'l his collar up and cnittlc't
into th' nook. ' it's [rain's] comin' deawn full bat,' Waugh Snect-
Bant (1868) ii. ne.Lan.' e.Lan.' He ran at a great bat. m.Lan.'
Comin' to'rt tha at a good bat. Chs. He was going at a bonny
bat (E.M.G. ) ; Chs.' He ran full bat agen him. s.Chs.' Tu goa- Ot
u pr.iati baat- [to go at a pratty bat]. Not. J.H.B. 1 ; (W.H.S.)
n.Lin.' Thaay do go at a straangc bat on them theare raailroads.
sw.Lin.' He was going such a bat, he could not turn hissen.
Lei.' Doon't ye goo a sooch a bat ; yeen't walkin' for a wceger.
War.^ What a bat you're going. se.Wor.' I've come along at
a sniartish bat, an' it fetches the sweat out on mil, above a bit.
Shr.' 'E's goOin at a pretty bat Hrf.* e.Sus. Holloway.
Colloq. Here they come, a mixed flock of birds full bat overhead,
Dy. Nncs (Aug. 18, 1887 6, col. 3 (Farmer). [Amer. slang. A
spree, a drunken bout, Farmer. Aus., N.S.W. I saw him mount
and start off at a rattling good bat along the road, Boldrewood
yjoMov (18881 III. xiii.]
6. Manner, rate, condition, state of health. In phr. l/ie
old hal, the same old way, as usual.
Slk. About a bat, upon a par (Jam.). Rxb. About the auld bat
BAT
[182]
BAT
(i'ft.\ N.Cy.' At the same bat. Nhb.i If aa divventgan this week
aa'll gan the next, at oiiy bat [under any circumstances]. Aa's just
th' aad bat : aa's just th' aad-bat ; . . . elwis aa's glad, whether
good time or bad, Just to say — aa's aboot th' aad-bat, Song. Th'
Aad-bat. Dur.i He is reduced to a sad bat. Cum. When it's gitten
to that bat, it'll come tilan end,ye'll see(M.P.); T'felley's, teuh, was
aboot t'seaam batt, fer t'dooal at sud a hodden thur tegidder endwess
was oa brokken, Sargisson J. Swap (1881) 218; Cum.' Wm.
But he war olus et t'aald bat. Jack Robison Aald Taa/rs {1882) 8 ;
Wm.i Well, hoo ist ta ?— Whya a's just i't aid-bat. n.Yks.=
e.Yks.i Jack's at awd bat ageean. 71/5. add. (T.H.) w.Yks. I
began ta laff at him, but I wor varry sooin at t'same bat, Piidsey
Olm. (1883) 21 ; My feet are all right in the morning, but towards
II o'clock it's just the same old bat (F.P.T.) ; Ah've nobbut
addled two bob a-day fer three week. — Aw ! whah ah've been on
at that bat fer aboon three wick (jE.B.') ; w.Yks.^ He gangs on at
saam bat ; w.Yks.^ What bat are ye at ? [what are you doing?]
Lan. My wife's same as usal, too — gooin on at th' owd bat,
Clegg Davtd s Loom (1894) ii ; How are things shappin down i' th'
cloof?— About th' owd bat, Waugh Cliiiiin. Corner (i8-jg) 114;
Lan.l n.Lan.' I was varra weel yesterda, but now I'se at t'ald
bat again. ne.Lan.' n.Lin.* Oor parson's at his ohd bat, preachin'
agen Methodises and Ranters.
III. A fragment ; a broken piece ; a mass, lump, bundle.
1. A fragment, remnant. Also in phr. bi/s and ba/s, odds
and ends, broken pieces.
w.Yks. The remnant of a cigar or pipe of tobacco. Pick up all
t'bits and bats lying about s J.T.).
2. A broken brick, a brickbat.
w.Yks. (J.T.'i Ken. Those houses were built with bats (D.W.L.") ;
(P.M.) Sus. (F.E.S.) w.Som.i Bricks when not whole are called
half or three-quarter bats.
3. The corner of a field ; a short ridge.
Hmp.i Som. W. Sc J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.' In ploughing a field
there are always some corners and generally other small places
which cannot be got at with the plough, and must be dug by hand
^ these are called baats.
4. A strip of land between two trenches in a ploughed field.
Dev. His father used to put one sort of manure on one bat, and
another sort on the next. Reports Provinc. (1895).
5. A parting in coal or in ironstone.
Stf. At Wednesbury the last parting or laming [?] that lies
between the upper and the nether coal is call'd a bat, between
I and 3 yards thick (K.) ; Stf.i
6. Coal which contains pieces of shale or slate. Also
known as Bass or Bath, q. v.
n.Yks.^! s.Stf. A'. &' Q. (1873) 4th S. xii. 376 ; We seed lumps
o' what we thought was coal but it was nuthin but bats, Pinnock
J3/t. Cy. Ann. (1895'). Stf.i, Der.^, Lei.i, Nhp.i
Hence Batty, adj. Of coal : slaty, bad for burning.
Lei.i The coal wur that batty, tworn't good enew to bun bricks
wi'. Nhp.i It's poor coal, it's so batty. War. (J.R.W.) ; War.^^
7. A turf used for burning.
n.Lin.^
8. Hatters' term: a layer of wool or other material of
which the hat body is made.
Chs.i
9. In pottery works : a flat slab made either of plaster
or of earthenware.
Stf.2 A flat slab, on which unfinished ware stands in the makers'
shops.
10. A kind of cake.
Wil.^ A thin kind of oven-cake, about as thick as a tea-cake, but
mostly crust.
[I. 1. Bat, a heavy stick, a club, Ash (1795); ^ bat or
club,/(«//s, bacillus, Robertson Phras. (1693) ; Make you
ready your stiff bats and clubs, Shaks. Cor. i. i. 165 ;
Here bis boy is, je bade us go bary With battis, York
Plays (c. 1400) 334 ; He nemeth is bat and forth a goth.
Sir Beves (c. 1350) 391. II. 1. To have a batt at the Pope
with the butt end of a Dominican, Whalley Eslabl.
Rel. (i674)22(N.E.D0. III. 1. Of battys and broken bred
thi bely for to fylle, P. Plowman (a.) xii. 70 (Ingilby MS.).
2. Of a bat of erthe a man and a mayde, ib. (c.) xix. 92.]
BAT, sA.2 Sc. Yks. Not. Lin. Lei. Also Dev. A
bundle of straw or rushes, usually two wheat-sheaves
fastened together. Called also a Batten, q. v.
Edb. I asked him about curing the sturdic, and the snifters, and
the batts. and such like. Moir Maitsie U'aiicli viSsS) xvii. m.Yks.l
w.Yks. Watson Hist. Hlf.x. (1775) 532 ; We a bat a straw teed to
ther backs, Tom Treddlehoyle Bairttsla Ami. (1851) 53 ; w. Yks.^
The straw of two wheat-sheaves tied together ; w.Yks.^ ; w.Yks.^
A bat o' strawah. Not. Morton Cyclo. Agiic. (1863"). s Not.
(J.P.K.) Not.3 A sheaf of straw for thatching or covering stacks.
n.Lin. If he'll let him hev a few bats to mak a bed on, M. Peacock
Taa/ps (1889) 122; The barrils hoisted into th' cart And covered
down wi' bats, E. Peacock /?. Skirlaugh (1870) II. 118; nXin.^
I alus mak th' last wheat stack I hev into bats agen harvist time.
sw.Lin.* They're fetching a load of bats to cover down with. He'd
have bats ready, and bat the stack down, not thack them. Lei.^
Dev. w. Times (Feb. 26, 1886) 2, col. 2.
BAT, sh.^ Lan. Som. Dev.
1. A heavy laced boot, with hob-nails.
Som.W. & J. GA (1873^. w.Som.' Called also 'aa-f baats.' Aay-d
u-biin een tu beespai'k u pae'ur u baats [I had been in to bespeak
a pair of bats]. Dev. When he kim'd to a varmer's howze, They
awl %viz gone ta bed 'Sept one, an her sa quiet's a mouze. Zed . . .
' Take off the bats, an kim inside,' Hake Brithcr Jan (,1863) 18, ed.
1887. Slang. Among thieves, a pair of bad or old boots (^Farmkr).
2. A child's shoe, made without a welt.
Lan.l
Hence Bat-maker, sh. one who makes children's shoes.
Lan.* When about twelve years of age I went to learn the trade
of a batmaker, Buxton Botan. Guide (1849) 4*
BAT, sb." Sc. Nhb. Yks.
1. A river-island. Twd. (Jam.) See Battock.
2. A margin of low-lying land which is overflowed at
spring tides or in floods.
Bwk. Various fisheries on the south side of the Tweed between
Berwick bridge and the sea are called bats, such as ' BailifTs bat,'
' Davie's bat,'&c. Upon these fisheries (and also upon others not
thus denominated) are heaps of stones called bats, upon which the
nets are drawn when there is no means of landing them in the
usual ^vay (from the bank of the river being steep\ Weddell
Sahnon Fishing in Archaeol. Aeliaiia, IV. 307 (Heslop Nhb. Words).
Nhb.', n.Yks.3
BAT, sb.^ Lin. A boat used for clearing drains in the
fen district. Cf. bab, sb.'^
Lin. The bat was a flat-bottomed boat, a sort of ' dredge,' with
hooks in the bottom, which tore up weeds, disturbed the mud, &c.
(J.C.W.)
BAT, sb.^ Irel. Yks. Lin.
1. A moth.
N.I.' A bat {I'tsperlilio'] is called a leather-winged bat [to dis-
tinguish it from bat, a moth]. Frm. Science Gossip ( 1882 i 41.
2. Dark specks which appear floating before the eyes
when the sight is impaired.
n.Yks.2
3. Comp. Bat-eyed, near-sighted.
n.Lin.'
[Cp. Fr. blatte (Lat. blatld), a moth. The dial, form may
be due to form assoc. w. bat (' vcspertilio '). It may be
noted that MLat. blalta, glossed ' nacht fleddermuss ' (Die-
FENBACH Gloss. i867) = Lat. blatta, a moth.]
BAT, v.^ Sc. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf Der. Not.
Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf.
1. To hit, strike ; to tap.
Slk. (Jam.) Wm. Oor Susan was batten Jim Dobson's lugs a
Setterday neet. Taylor Sketches (1882) 34. w.Yks.^, ne.Lan.1
Chs. He batted him over the head (E.M.G. \ s.Chs.' Baat- iz-
brdo for im [bat his broo for him]. Stf.' w.Wor. So I bats him
on his yud wi' ma hat, S. Beauchamp Grantley Grange (1874) I.
29. Shr.' Mothers bat their children in playful reproof; Slir.*
Batt him on the back.
2. To beat with a spade, flail, &c. ; to press down,
flatten, compress.
Cum. To beat with a flail, so as to cause the corn partially to
fall out of the sheaf (M. P.). Chs.' s.Chs.' To bat a garden-bed
with a spade, to bat the coals flat down upon the fire, &c. Stf.' ;
Stf.2 Oi want thel bat this turf. s.Not. He raked the soil ower an'
then batted it down with 'is spade. War.^ To bat down uneven
turf, soil, &c. Shr.' GO6 an' fatch a box o' slack to rake the fire ;
an' bring the shovel alung 06th yo to bat it down well as it shanna
burn through. Hrf.'
Hence (i) Batted, ppl. adj. hardened, compressed ; see
below ; (2) Batting, vbl. sb. striking, pressing down.
(i) Sc. Like beildless birdies when they ca' [!] Frae wet, wee
BAT
[183!
BATE
wing the batted snaw, Thom Rhymes (1844^ 61. Nhp.' A stone-
mason's term for stone when it is worked off with a tool instead
of being rubbed smooth ; if a mason inquires how stone is to be
worked, he asks ' Is it to be baited or rubbed?' (2 Lan. Thou
dcsar\es this wot porritch-shce battin about thy mouth, Brierley
IVaverlozv (1884I 65. Stf.^ ThCI costna wheil that barraful o' ess
daTn th' road wi'out battin it dain.
3. Of a bird: to beat the wings; also yf,?-. to triumph,
exult. Of persons : to beat the arms across the breast
for the sake of warmth.
Lan.Owd Racketybagll bat her wings, an' crow o'er thi past owt,
Brierley Traddlrpin Fold, viii ; ib. To E. IVaiigh in Coiinlty IVds.
(1867) 164. s.Chs.' Iviyu- kon-^ii ky'ee-p yursel- waa'rm wijyijr
job, yoa- mun baat- [if yO conna keep yursel warm wi' yur job, yo
mun bat].
4. To blink the eyes.
■w.Yks. (S.O.A.) Chs. (E.M.G.) ; Chs.i Dunna bat thi eye a
that'ns ; Chs.23 s.Chs.l Dhaa kon-,u mai- mi baat- mi ahyz | tha
conna may me bat my eyes]. Stf.' ; Stf.^ Oi cudna stand th' let
i' chapel last net, it nied me bat mi aise ivver so. Der.'^, nw.Der.'
Not.2 Th' time sames gone afore yer can bat ycr eye. Let'
War.2 What makes the child bat his eyes so! w.Wor.* Now,
Lizzie, thahr yu be a battin' uv your eyes agen ! 'Ow many times
'ave I towd yu not to bat 'em so? Shr.' 'E bats 'is eyes like a
louse i' the ess.
5. To walk at a quick pace. Hence Batting, vbl. sb.
walking fast.
Lan. Heaw thej' staret when they seed Billy battin away across
a Belt, Old Radicals and Yoiiiig Refoyimrs, 13.
[1. To haXis, fiisligare, liDidae, Levins Manip. (1570).
3. To bat (as a hawk), volalurio, Coles (1679) ; Batting or
to bat is when a hawke fluttereth with her wings either
from the pearch or the mans fist, striving as it were to
flie away, Latham Fakoiiiy (1615) Gloss. (N.E.D.)]
BAT, v^ Lin. Lei. To cover with bundles of straw ;
to thatch roughly. Also in phr. to bat down.
n.Lin.' Stacks are batted down as soon as they are ' topped up,'
i.e. finished, by having bats pinned on them with thatch-pegs.
After the harvest has been got in these bats are removed and the
stack is thatched. To cover a potatoc-pie or a heap of turnips or
mangel-wurzels with straw preparatory to putting earth upon it,
is called batting down. Lei.^ To cover with bats, as a rough roof-
ing for ricks before being properly thatched, or for covering potato
heaps, bricks drying before being baked, &c.
BAT-BIRDING, vbl. sb. Glo. Taking birds by night in
hand-nets. See Bat-fowl, Batfolding.
GI0.12
BATCH, sb.^ Sc. and in geit. use in n. and midl.
counties; also e.An. Sus. Hmp. Som. [batj, baetj.]
1. The quantity of bread or pics baked at one time ; a
baking. In ^'c/;. use.
Nhb.i w.Yks. Htfx. IVds.; w.Yks.", ne Xan.» Chs.^ If barm is
bad, it spoils the whole batch. We speak of making ' a batch of
pies ' to last the whole week ; Chs."^ stf.- We'n gotten u rCr
gud batch i' th' uven t£dee. oi Oni 'Op it'll cum ait aa rot. Der.2,
nw.Der.i Not.( J.H.B.) ; (W.H.S.) War. (J.R.W.),'Wor. (J.W.P.^,
Slir.i^, Suf.i, Sus.i w.Som.' The barm stinkt, and spwoiled all
the batch o' bread. [Gl. Lab. (1894V]
Hence Batchie, sb. a baker (Jam. Suppl.).
2. The quantity of corn sent to the mill for one grinding.
Nhb.Thc miller — the ' Poker' as he was termed— came through
the village with his cart laden with the 'batches' he had ground
for his customers, Dixon JVhilliiighain (1895) 273; Nhb.i The
hinds, when paid in kind by corn, &c., took these small quantities
to the miller, who made them into batches. Cum. And thresh a
lock bigg for a batch, Dickinson Oo/iir. (1876I 240; Cum.' Cum.,
Wm.The name was modified by the grain, as a wheat-batch, for
white bread, or for brown (of rye and barley mixed), and for oat-
meal a haver-batch. Formerly, in the country, the miller's cart
came round daily to collect and return the batches. ' Batches
ground with despatch. Parties sending batches must have their
sacks properly marked,' Advt. in Pemilli Paper (1878) (M.P.\
Chs.' We're getten short o' flour, you mun send a batch to th' mill ;
Chs.3 The small bag of corn taken by a cottager to be ground.
Midi. Marshall Riir. Econ. 1796. Not.3 A batch is usually 3 or
4 bushels. Shr.' The inhabitants of the united parishes of this
town [Shrewsbury] may have their corn ground at Kingsland
Windmill for sixpence a bushel. A cart will go regularly through
the town two or three times a week to fetch and deliver the
batches, Old Handbill (1796) ; Shr.' Hers gwon to tak the batch
to be gron.
3. Flour used for common household purposes, as op-
posed to ' best.' , Usually called Batch-flour ; see below.
Chs.^3 s.Chs.' Oo)z yciozd au- mi best flaawur, On naay ahy)v
nuwt bu baach' i dh aays fur nuwt [Hoo's used aw my best flour,
an' nai I've nowt bu' batch i' th' haisc fur nowt].
4. Coiiip. (i) Batch-cake, a small flat cake of dough,
baked in the oven with the ' batch ' of bread ; (2) -day,
baking-day ; (3) -flour, coarse or brown flour for house-
hold use ; (4) -loaf, a small fresh-baked loaf.
(i) Lan.', Lei.', Nhp.' War.'^^ Made of the surplus dough after
the batch of broad is moulded. ne.Wor. Batch cakes are sold by
country bakers for a penny each. They are flat and nearly round,
or oblong, and are not baked so hard as a loaf (J.W.P.). Shr.'
A small 'oven-bottom' loaf made for immediate use. In farm-
houses the large loaves are made in two parts, a lesser on a greater,
like what bakers call a ' cottage-loaf.' The batch-cake, on the
contrary, is of one undivided portion. We mun mak' a couple
o' batch- cakes to save cuttin' the new bread, for theer is but a
cantel o' the owd left. Oxf.' Baked at the mouth of the oven, and
frequently taken out and eaten before the batch is done, MS. add.
(2) Edb. Butter bakes, crimp and new baked, it being batch-
day, MoiR Mansie IVaiich (1828) xxiv. (3') Chs.' 3, s.Chs.', War.
(J.R.W.) Shr.' Batch-flour is produced chiefly from wheat,
though barley, rye, and even rice are sometimes admitted into its
composition. (4) s.War.', Dev.*
5. Of things: a number, quantity. Of persons: a
number, a set, clique, family.
Ayr. A batch of wabsler lads— planted themselves at the gable
of the malt-kiln, where they were wont, when trade was belter, to
play at the handball. Galt Legatees 1 1821) 282 ; An' there, a batch
o' wabsler lads Blackguarding frae Kilmarnock, Burns Holy Fair
(1785). Cum.' The he.ill batch o' them. n.Yks.' This word is
used, somewhat disparagingly, to group together any clique or set
of associates, of not the best possible repute, perhaps; n.Yks.*,
m.Yks.', ne.Lan.' Chs.' ; Chs.^ He's the best of the batch. Stf.*
Thi's u Ol batch o' pochers just g6n i' th' wood ; oi recken thc'n
get 'ung sum dee fir that sort o' wirk. Nhp.' A good batch of
anything is equivalent to a good quantity ; and the whole batch
when applied to persons is synonymous with the ' whole boiling,'
and generally used in the same opprobrious sense, as ' the whole
batch of them are good for nothing.' Wor. (J.W.P. \ War.*,
Shr.' Brks. LousLEY 67. (,1852). Suf.' A pretty batch of lambs —
or quaintly, a precious batch of rogues. e.Sus., Hmp. A batch of
drunkards, Holloway.
6. A bout or turn of drinking, card-playing, gossip, &c.
NUp,' ne.Wor. I'll go an' 'ave a batch [of talk] along of 'er
(J.W.P.). Shr.* A batch at play. e.An.' e.Sus., Hmp. Holloway.
7. A pack of cards.
Cum. (.M.P.); Cum.'
[1. Batche of bredde, Jouriice de pain, Palsgr. (1530).
5. A whole batch, sir. Almost of the same leaven : your
needy debtors, Massinger City Madam (1632) iv. i.
— Cogn. w. bake, vb. The word is not recorded in OE.]
BATCH, si.* Hrf. [baetJ.] The palm of the hand.
Hrf.*
BATCH, see Bache.
BATCHING, sb. War. An unfledged bird. Cf bal-
chin.
War.*, s.War.'
BATE, sb} Nhb. Dur. Yks. Chs. Written bait w.Yks.
[bet, beat]
1. Abatement, cessation, ' break.'
w.Yks. It rains, withaght a miniiit a bait, Tom Treodlehoyle
Bainisla Ann. (1865).
2. Coiiip. Bate-work, in a coal-pit : short work.
Nhb.' Nhb., Dur. Greenwell Coal Tr. CI. (1849).
3. A defect or fault in minerals, &c. Cf. bait, sb?
n.Yks.* The occurrence of some substance difl'erent to the main
material, as when a line of sile.\ discovers itself in a lump of jet,
which detracts from its value.
4. A lump of wood or stone used as the fulcrum of a lever.
Chs.'
[The same as Bate, v}\
BATE, sb? Chs. Der. Written beet s.Chs.' [bet.]
A contest, contention, argument.
s.Chs.' Ah'd a terrible beet wi' So and So, A woman said she
had had a terrible 'beet' with her hens, which refused to go oj
BATE
[184]
BATEABLE
the roosL nw.Der.' [Also in comp. Make-bate, a quarrelsome
fellow, Grose (1790) MS. add. (M.)J
[Bate (strife), lis, coiitcniio. Coles (1679) ; And breeds
not bate with telling of discreet stories, Siiaks.2 Hen. ly,
II. iv. 271 ; He boldly with bate )'is baret began, Desf. Troy
(c. 1400) 5274 ; Bituix mi sisteris es j'ebate (debate, Tn'ii.
J\IS.), Cursor M. (c. 1300) 9684. The same as Bate, k.^J
BATE, 5i.* Ess. Som. Dev. Slang. Also written b? it.
[bet, beat.] A bad temper, a state of irritation. See
Bait, V.-
Ess. Daddy's in a bate, I can see (A.S. P.). w.Som. , n.Dev. In
quite common use (F.T.E.). Slang. I went calmly on, smoking
my cigar as if nothing was the matter. That put the Proctor in
a bait, I can tell you, Anstey Vice-Versa (1882) v (Farmer) ; ' He
was in an awful bait ' was common in the Clapham Grammar
School, 1857 (A.L.M.).
BATE, si." Lin. [bet.] A habit, custom.
nLin.^ Sam's herse hed gotten a bate o' stoppin' at ivery public-
hoose atwecn Barton Watter-side an' Riseholme To'npike. My
lad's gotten a bate o' swearin', all thrif goin' to that damn'd school
o' yours.
[Prob. the same as Bait, sb}\
13ATE, sb.^ Lan. In games : a mark to start from.
Lan. Used in such games as football or a footrace (S.W. ■).
BATE, v} In all n. counties to Chs. Stf. Der. Lin.
Also War. Shr. Glo. Oxf. Brks. Lon. Wil. Som. Dev.
Also in form baty Som. Dev. ; beatt Cum.' ; beate Cum. ;
bait w.Yks.' [bet, beat.]
1. To abate, diminish, fall ofTin quantity.
w.Yks. It didn't bate much t' remainder o't week, WadsUy Jack
(1866) x; Ah wish t'rain ud bate a bit, Leeds Men-. Stippt. (Aug.
8, 1891J. Lan. Th' rain'U happen bate in a bit, Waugh Heiinit
Cobbler, ix. ne.Lan.* Chs.^ When white clover comes i' bob th'
cows are sure to bate i' their milk. s.Chs.^ Aan- yur ky'ey bigim'
tu b.ii-t yet! [Han yur key begun to bate yet?] sw.Lin.' They
reckon it's bating a deal. Glo. (S. L.) Oxf Uuy stopt tu see if
dhu rain ud bait u bit [I stoppt t'see if th' rain oOd 'bate a bit].
n.Wil. The rain don't sim to bate, do it ? (E.H.G.) Som. But if the
rain'U 'batey We'll zoon vorgetbad ' zeventy nine' In zunny ' eighteen
eighty,' Frank Nine Days (1879) 64. Dev. I'll never bate the love
I bears 'e, come what shall tu us. PHiLLroTTs£)n(/;(/oo)(i896j 143.
Hence Bating, vbl. sb. a falling off, diminution.
w.Yks. A roarin trade is nah done, an yo mun expect it ta con-
tinue withat mich batein, Dewsbre Oi'in. (1S75) 7.
2. In knitting : to decrease the number of stitches, to
narrow.
Dev. I won't bate wan more steech. I be batyn the cu've now,
Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892,; Now baty one side each, Reports
Provinc. (1887) 4. nw.Dev.i
3. Of the moon : to wane.
n.Dev. You mussen kill a peg when the mune wis batin or the
vlesh wudden plummy in cookin, Giles Gtidc Old Times in n.Dev.
Jrn. (Sept. 17, 1885) 6, col. 6. nw.Dev.'
4. To make a reduction in price, to lower a bargain ; to
cause to reduce. Also in phr. to bate down, to haggle, to
force the seller to lower his price.
Nhb.'Aawinna bate a penny. Dur.' Cum. ' What weage dus te
ax, canny lad?' says yen. 'Wey, three pun and a crown; wunnet
beate a hair o' my beard,' Anderson Ballads { 1805") 54 ; Ah won't
beat a strand o' me whupcword, Farrall Betty Wilson { 1886) 119;
Cum.' Aa'll nut beatt a single fardin. Wm.', e.Yks.' w.Yks.'
Thou mun bate summat. Lan. I'll not bate a bodle [half a farthing],
Waugh SiteckBant (1868) iii ; Lan.' Well, what'n yobate ? Aw'st
noan gie that mich, as heavv it is. Clis.' He axed me fowrteen
pound, but ah bated him dain to twelve. s.Chs.' Kon*)u yi bai't
mi ushilin? [Conna ye bate me ashillin'?] Stf.^ Gi' mi tuenty
pun fur th' oss an it's thoine ; ber oi wunna bet thi 0 hepni. Der.
Yo' could bate 'em a bit, Ward D. Grieve (1892) I. iv ; Der.'
n.Lin.' I wcan't baate noht at all ; so you tak her [a cow] or leave
her just as j'ou hev a mind. sw.Lin.' He wants a great raisement,
but tncbbe he'll bate a bit. War.^ I won't sell him no more, he
bated me down so with the last. If yo'll take the three on 'em I'll
bate sixpence on the lot. Shr.' Mate's desport dear, tenpence a
pound, tak' it or lave it ; 'e oidna bate a halfpenn3'. Glo. Hu
woan't bate the hod yapenny, Lysons Vitlg. Tongue (1868) 46.
Oxf.' I wuntbate a penny, whether ye takes or levy 'un, MS. add.
Brks.' w.Som.' Hac'ut mee zik'spuns-n aa'l ab«m [Come down
sixpence, and I will have it]. — Aay oan bae-ut u vaar-dn [I will
not abate a farthing]. The above is about the only meaning known
in the dialect. Dev. He didn't git all he axed vir, I bated him
some of the money, w.Tiines (Feb. 26, 1886) 2, col. 2. [HoL-
loway; a local term, expressive of the ofl'er which some middle-
men with their non-unionist workmen make to an employer to
perform a Government contract at a deduction, Gl. Lab. (^1894).]
Hence Bating, vbl. sb. beating down in price.
Lon. He wouldn't stand 'bating, or be kept haggling, Mayhew
Land. Labonr (i8^i) II. 135.
5. To reduce a workman's wages ; esp. to make a de-
duction on account of careless work, &c.
e.Yks. Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889) 51. w.Yks. When th' draw-
day coom, an' they wanted ther brass, aw'd bate 'em. Hartley
Clock Aim. (1S69) 27 ; Flayed o' gettin bayted, ib. (1873I 37 ;
(J.T.') : I'll bate tha sixpence. Leeds Merc. Siippl. (Dec. 27, i8go).
Lan. He always past o'er all her faults, And never used to bate her,
Gaskel Comic Siigs. (1841) 7 ; But th' Mcster's just, an' weel He
knows Ut th' yarn were none so good ; He winna bate me when
He sees Aw've done as weel's aw could, Bealey Jo/lings (1865)
13. ne.Lan. One day hoo'd a float in her piece, and aw couldn't
find it i' mi heart to bate her, Mather Idylls (18951 315. m.Lan.'
When a boss is baited id geds summat gi'n id, but when a weyver
geds bated he geds summat tckken off him. Chs.' Having one's
wages bated ; Chs.3 A factory or other hand, having part of his
wages deducted for negligence or other reason, is said to be bated.
s.Chs.^ Dili bin- thingk-in u bai-tin dhur wuu rkmun too bob u wik
[they bin thinkin' o' batin' their workmen two bob a wik].
6. To want ; to fall short of.
n.Lin. He bated six months of ninety (M. P. ).
[1. Bate {v. int.), to decrease, Ash (1795) ; To bate, de-
cresco, tnimior, Coles (1679) ; pe rayn . . . batede, A Hit. P.
(c. 1360) B. 440. 4. I will not bate a penny. Life T.
Cromwell (1602) II. iii. 92 (N.E.D.) ; Batyn or abaten of
weyte or mesure, sitbtraho, Prompt. Aphetic form of
abate.}
BATE, v.^ Som. Dev. [beat ] To contend, quarrel.
w.Som. Still in use i F.T.E,). Dev. Grose (1790I MS. add. (C.) ;
Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 422. n.Dev. Zet voaksto bate, E.xni. Scold.
(1746) 1. 226 ; Jim floshed up, ' I shan't bate,' Rock Jim an' Nell
(1867) St. 114.
[Batyn or make debate, turgor, Prompt.; And for he
wil )!us bate (debate, Trin. MS.) on me, I sal him drenkil
in \q se. Cursor M. (c. 1300) 5913. Aphetic form of de-
bate, vb.]
BATE, v.^ Lan. In games : to start from a certain
place; to toe the mark.
Lan. Still in use in games such as a footrace or football. Bate
fair! Wheer't to bating fro'? (S.W.); Lan.' Wheer did he bate from ?
BATE, v.* Sc. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lin. Also in
form beatt Cum. Past tense of bite.
n.Sc. The common form. The littlin [little one] baits tung fin
he wiz suppin's pothich [porridge] (W.G.). Per. ' He bate his
thoom ' is much more general than 'he bit' (G.W.). Dur.'
Cum.' Our dog beatt a lump out o' Tommy Tidy lad leg. s.Wm.
They bark'd and bate sare, Hutton Dia. Stoiili and Arnside (1760)
1. 53. n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.^ We nowther bate nor supp'd [neither
ate nor drank]. e.Yks.' w.Yks. A gooid, hard-workin deasant
lad. As ivverbateo breead, Preston Poc;;is( 1864") 17 ; Yon lal savij
dog bet mi, bat hi didn't brek t'skin (W.H.) ; w.Yks.^ ; w.Yks.^
He baate o' that apple. n.Lin. A fox bate him (M.P.); n.Lin.'
My gran'muthcr, she naayther bate nor supt afoore goin' to th'
sacrament.
[Thai wyth thar mouth anis bait the erd, Douglas
Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, iv. 41 ; For-f>i es he ful wcle we
wate pat neuer of [lat appil bate (boot, Trin. MS.), Cursor
M. (c. 1300) 18732; Swa fatt he [werrt ut nohht ne bat
OIT mete inn all (latt fasste, Ormulum (c. 1200) 12422. OE.
bat, pret. of bifan, to bite.]
BATE, see Bait.
BATEABLE, adj. Obs. Nhb. Cum. Also written
battable Nhb.' In phr. bateable ground or land, territory
on the borders of England and Scotland, which was
claimed by both countries.
n.Cy. (K.); The boundary-line usually follows the watershed.
But in various places the Scotch have encroached over the crest
of the hills. These encroachments are usually marked on old maps
as ' batable,' i. e. debateable ground. One such plotof ' batable' land
l.iy between the properties of Mr. Carr and the Duke of Roxburgh,
Welford Men of Mark (1895) I. 503. Nhb. Wae's me God wot
BATED
[135]
HATING
But the beggarlic Scot Though the 'batcable land lias prickit his
vvaie, Dixon H'hilliiigham 11895^ 19a ; Nhb.' Also called Tlireap-
lands. Nbb., Cum. The great piece of bateable land lay between
the rivers Esk and Sark in n.Cum. , but there were also batcable
lands of smaller extent on the Nhb. border (R.O.H.'). Cum.'
[Datable ground, (Tji^fr coii/roverstis, Coles (1679); Bat-
able ground sccnicth'to be the ground in question hereto-
fore, whether it belonged to England or Scotland, 23 Men.
VIII, c. 16, as if we should say, debatable ground. For
by that name M. Skene (s.v. Phgiiis) calleth ground that
is in controvcrsie betweene two, Covvell Iiilerp. (1637).
Bate, vb.2 + -(?/)/('.]
BATED, ppl. adj. Sus. Of fish : in good condition,
plump. Also in coiiip. well-bated.
Sus. Still in use ' R.H.C). e Sus. Hoi.loway.
BATER, sb} w.Som. [bea-tair).] Hunting term : a
stag that has not got all his ' rights ' or projections on the
horns.
w.Som.' A stag, which either from old age or hard living has
become scanty in his head. ' A heavy-bodied stag with a large slot,
having a head that might equally well indicate a bater — or deei
going back— or ayoungish one,' U'clUit^ton IP'kly. News tAug. 26,
1886.
[Bah\ \'h} + -cr.'\
BATER, sb? Obs.} Wxf.' A lane leading to a high
road. [Not known to our correspondents.]
BATE-SHAVING, I'W. sZ). Chs. A method of shaving
hides in tanning.
Chs.' Shaving hides intended for upper leather to a uniform
thickness by means of a knife, made for the purpose, which has
its edge turned up.
[Sec Bate, i-.']
BATFOLDER, 5*. Sur. Men and boj's who catch
birds by night. Sec Batfowl.
Sur. N. & Q (1880 6th S. i. 238.
BATFOLDING, I'W. 5/j. Not. Hrt.Sur. Wil. Catching
birds by night in a folding-net. Also in coiiip. Bat-
folding-net. Cf batfowl, bird-batting.
Not. Shall you come bat-folding some nitilit' We've a good few
sparrows (L.C.M.), Hrt. They've gone batfolding again iG H G.).
Sur. A man has been bat-folding in the garden here, and says, by
way of excuse, that sparrows is very good to eat, A'. & Q. 1 1880)
6th S. i. 238. Wil.' Bat-folding net, the net used in bird-hatling,
more usually ' clap-not.' [Two nets, extended on frames with a bat
or racket, [are] folded or closed around the birds, Blackley IVd.
Gossip 'i869'i 222.]
BATFOWL, V. Obsol. War. Wor. GIo. Brks. Sus.
Hmp. To catch birds bj' night, by means of a net at-
tached to poles. Cf. bat-birding, batfolding, bird-
batting.
Brks. He taught them to throw (lies, ... to bat-fowl and ferret
for rabbits, Hughes T. Biozvn Oxf. 1 1861') xxx.
Hence (il Batfowler, sb. one who catches birds by
night ; (2) Batfowling, vbl. sb. the act of thus catching
birds.
(i) Sus.' Hmp. The batfowlers, who take many red-wings in
the hedges, White Sclbonie (1770' xxxi. '21 War. (J.R.W.) ;
War.^ A net is placed round a rick, or against ivy on a house
or building, on a dark night ; a lantern is then held up behind
the middle of the net, and the straw or ivy beaten with long
sticks. The birds fly towards the light, and the two poles of the
net are brought quickly together inwards, the net dropped to the
ground, and the sparrows captured. Wor. An old man near
Inkberrow, speaking of the damage done by birds, said, 'When
I was a lad we used to go a-batfowling ' i J.W.P.). Glo.'* Sus.'
The large folding-net [is] called a b.it-fowling net (s.v. B.ilfowler),
[Breller, to bat-fowl, to catch birds by bat-fowling,
CoTGR. ; Batfowlyn (or go to take birdes in the nyght,
Pynson's cd. 1499), aucubaatlo. Prompt, (i) Batfoulcr, a
taker of byrdcs, pipeur, Palsgu. 11530); Battfowlere,
aiiciibactilator, Prompt. (2) Batfowling, aiiciipium iioc-
tnriinm, Coles (1679); We would so, and then go a bat-
fowling, Shaks. Temp. u. i. 18^.— Bat, sb.' -f/occ/, vb., i. e. to
go a fowling with bats or clubs.]
BATH, sb} Chs. Stony lumps in coal. Cf. bass.
Chs.'
BATH, A*.2 Obs.} Ilrf. A sow.
Hrf. DuNCUMB fJist. Hrf. (1804) ; Hrl.l
VOL. I.
BATH, V. Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin. Also Som. Written
baiyath ne.Lan.' |baf>.]
1. To foment with warm water.
n.Yks.' Ah bath'd him wi' yett waiter, an' laid yctt chisscl tiv'm,
bud he niv\'er gat nae ease while moorn. ne.Yk«.' T'doctther
tcll'd ma ti bath it weel. w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Siippt. (Aug. 8,
1891). ne.Lan.', Chs. '3, n.Lin.' w.Som.' Wee baath iiz ai d
livuree dai wai chiil waudr eens miid waursh aewt aul dhu
kuruup'shn [we bathe his head every day with chilled water, so
as to wash out all the matter ^from the wound .]
2. To rub liniment or lotion upon the body.
ne.Lan.'
[The same as lit. E. bath, sb.]
BATHE, V. Glo.
1. To toast.
Glo. Used at Dumbleton (H.S.H.) ; Glo.>
2. To wither.
Glo. iS.S.B.)
BXTKED, ppl. adj. Obsol. Shr. Of meat : sodden,
underdone. Ct. bathy.
Shr.i Betty, your fire's bin too slow, the meat isn't enough ; it's
bathed like somethin' between roasted an' boiled.
BATHER,?;. Lei. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. [baBtS3(r).]
1. Of birds : to take a dust bath.
w.Wor.' Them chickens o' Tyler's be alius a batherin' in our
gardin. s.Wor.', se.Wor.' Hrf.'; Hrf.' Bathcring, [said] of part-
ridges roozling or ruflling in the dust. Glo. i^A.B.) ; Glo.'
2. To scrape together.
w.Wor.' That owd Shukey, cr's a covetchous owd piece! 'Er's
a stockin' full a money as 'er's bathered up some waay.
3. To bulTet with the wings.
War. 2 That new hen does bather the pullets.
4. To struggle ; to go hither and thither in search of
anything ; to fuss about.
w.Wor.' My son's bin mighty bad : I thowt I sh'ud 'a lost 'im
sure-lie, but 'e's bathered thraow it now. s.Wor. An old or idle
man ' bathers ' about the house or garden, doing ' little messing
jobs ' (R.M.E.). Glo.»
5. To tread down standing corn or grass; to shake down
fruit : to beat down ; to spread abroad.
s.Wor. Men bather ashes when they spread the heaps over the
fields as manure (H.K.). se.Wor.' Shr.' The young turkies
bather the mowin' grass sadly. Cf. Father. Hrf.' To shake
or kngjck down fruit. Glo. Litter for the sows to bather over
(,S.S.B.\
Hence Bathering, ppl. adj. beating, driving.
Lei.' The smook coom batherin' daoun the chimly.
[Bathe, vh. + -er, suff. of freq. vbs.]
BATHERER, sb. Obs. Wor. In comp. Ashbatherer,
a man who collected ashes for sale.
s.Wor. Formerly, within the memorj' of many, it was customary
for men to go .-ibout and buy up wood-ashes at farm-houses and
cottages, and carry them in bags on horse or donkey-back, and
retail them for making lye for washing purposes, or for cleaning
wooden ware, and as a substitute for soda (H. K.). se.Wor.*
BATHES, sZ>. Wxf. A goal.
Wxf.' T'brek up ee bathes h'had na poustee [to break up the
goal they had no power], 88.
BATHIE, see Bothie.
BATHY, adj. Won Shr. Glo. Ken. Also written
beethy Shr.' [be'Si.]
1. Damp, moist. Of food: moist, sodden. Cf bathed.
w.Wor.' That gra.iy'n 'ull be reg'lar sp'ilt in the loft ihahr, it's
as bathy as can be. Shr.' Said of sodden or underdone meat.
Glo. Be sure you have a bright clear fire or your chops will be
bathy A.B.) ; Glo.' e.Kea. Said of damp or mouldy linen G.G.).
2. Of grass : heavy with moisture ; withered, beaten
down by the heat.
s.Wor. The grass is so bathy, the scythe doesn't come out of it
plim iMK.): PoRSON Qiimiil iVds. {\6-i$\ Shr.' Said of fallen
leaves. Glo.' I likes to spread the vetches out a day or two to get
bathy, and get some of the moisler out of 'em. The grass is that
bathy, as it bawds the scythe.
[Bathe, vb. + -y.]
BATIE, see Bawty.
BATING, //•<•/>. Sc. Excepting, except.
Sc. My father stood by [John Knox] in his very warst d.iys,
bating a chance time, when the Court . . . was against him, Scott
B b
BATLET
[i86]
BATTEN
Nii;el (1822) vii. Per. He had no money, bating what paid for his
railway ticliet (_G.W.). Gall. In common colloq. use (A.W.).
BATLET, sb. Obsol. Yks. Also War.
1. A wooden implement used for beating clothes in the
washing-tub.
Yks. The batlet has been to some extent superseded by the
instrument called a ' dolly,' or ' peggy,' Yks. IVkly. Post (1883I.
War. Also called ' Dolly ' and ' Maiden,' Wise Shakespeare (1861)
150. [Obs. ? Not known to our correspondents in War.]
2. An implement used in smoothing linen ; also called
battledoor, q. v.
Yks. These batlers or battledores, as they are now generally
called, are still in use, N. & Q. 1,1865) Si""! S. vii. 397. n.Yks.^
BATLINGS, s6.j*/. e.An. Also written batlins e.An.>
Nrf.i Suf.i [bae-tlinz.]
1. The loppings of trees, when too small for timber. Cf
bat, sb} I.
e.An.i Nrf.i The loppings or stowin of trees. Nrf., Suf. Grose
(1790). Suf. The limbs of a tree which are too large for faggots, and
are sold for firewood (C.T. ) ; Rainbird Agik. (1819"! 288, ed. 1849 ;
CuLLUM Hist. Hawslend ' 1813) ; Suf.' [Used] for firing, or hedging,
or hurdle making. When tied up into faggots, they are called
Bavens.
2. An unhewn rail.
e.An.*
BAT-MOUSE, sb. Hmp. Wil. Also in form batty-
Hmp. A bat, vesperiilio.
Hmp. The pi. form is 'batty mouses' (H.C.M.B.). n.Wil.
(E.H.G.), Wil.i
[The word mouse occurs in many names of the bat, as,
for instance, m fliiider-inoitse, flilter-uiouse, rcre-tiioitse\
BATON, sb. Obs. ? Abd. (Jam.) An instrument for
beating mortar. [Not known to our correspondents.]
BATRONS, see Baudrons.
"BAIS, sb.pl. Sc. Glo. Also written battSc; bets Glo.'
1. A disease in horses or dogs, caused by small worms.
Sc. I Jam.), Glo.i
2. The colic.
Sc. (Jaji.) Ayr. A countra laird had ta'en the batts, Burns
Doctor Hornbook (1785) st. 27. Lnk. She never ran sour Jute
[liquor], because It gees the batts, Ramsay Poems {1721) 30.
[1. The bots in cattel, venniiiatio, Coles (1679); The
bots, les Irencliecs, Cotgr. ; The bottes, vermiiiatio, ' Morbus
praesertim iumentorum quum torminibus afficiuntur,'
Baret (1580).]
BATSMAN, sb. Obs. Ken. A member of a gang of
smugglers, in the neighbourhood of Folkestone.
Ken. Batsmen was a common term among smugglers. The
term arose from the fact of their carrying stout ashen poles five
or six feet long, called bats. . . . They would arrange themselves
in rows leading from the beach to the spot where the goods were
being stowed or put into vehicles, and as there were often two or
three hundred of them they defied the blockade men, English
Reniin. 38.
BATSTAFF, sb. Obs. Shr. A wooden implement
used by washerwomen to beat clothes. Cf. bat, s6.',
battril.
Shr.' In the Great Chamber . . . twelve bedstaves with a batt-
Etafe, Inventory, Uzvlbiiry Manor-House, Bishop's Castle (1625) ;
Shr.=
BAT-STICK, see Bad-stick.
BATT, sec Bat.
BATTABLE, see Bateable.
BATTAN, see Batten.
BATTELS, s&/>/. Cum. (.') Oxf. [bse tlz.] In Univer-
sity of 0.\f : the bill for meals supplied to students from
the College kitchen or buttery.
Cum. Gl. (1851). [Not known to our correspondents.] Oxf.
Battel bills always come in at the beginning of term when they
are flush of money, Hughes T. Brown 0.\f. (1861I 499; Grose
(1790) ; So success to our College, our learning. May all but our
battels rise higher (1837). So short each meal, so long each battels-
bill I 18411, GoDDARD Biasenose Ale (1878; ; Farmer.
Hence Batteler, sb. Obs. A student who took rank
below a commoner ; one who did not have commons, but
paid only for what he actually ordered.
Oxf. Grose (1790; MS. add. (H.)
[Dr. Charlett (one of his admirers) was sponsor for dis-
charge of his battles, Hearne Coll. (1706), ed. 1885, I.
220 ; A batteler, a student in the University, that battles
or scores for his diet, Bailey (1721) ; A battler, i.e. a
scholar, that battles for his commons, Robertson Phras.
(1693). See Battle, v.'^]
BATTEN, sb} Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lin. Lei. Nhp. e.An.
Also Som. and gen. tech. use. Also written battin
ne.Yks.' ; batton Nrf [batan, baetsn.j
1. A narrow plank, not more than seven inches wide ; a
small strip of wood.
Nhb. (J.H. ) Cum. Asteed o' his weel trim't fiddel, he puU't oot
an oald blackin box, wid a peel't batten nail't on for a neck,
¥ AUK AI.-L Betty Wilson {1&Q6) 12 ; Cum.' n.Yks.' A spar of wood,
of indefinite length, five or six inches in breadth, and two or three
in thickness. ne.Yks.', n.Lin.' Lei.* Technically, among builders,
a batten is a deal board 7 in. wide by 2]- in. thick ; but a batten of
this kind would cut into a score of pieces, each of which would be
called a ' batten ' in ordinary parlance. Nhp.' [A scantling of
wooden stuff, from two to four inches broad, and about one thick,
principally used for wainscot, and which also are bradded, on the
plain boards. Weale (ed. 1873) ; In the timber trade battens are
pieces of wood of the same kind as ' deals,' and used mainly for
firewood, but smaller, Gl. Lab. (1894).]
2. A Strip of wood used in ship-building or in roofing a
house.
w. Som.* The stripsof wood fixed longitudinally upon the rafters,
to which are fastened the slates, tiles, or thatch, as the case may
be. [Light strips of wood generally used for temporary work in
ship-building are called battens, Gl. Lab. (1894).]
3. A fencing-rail.
Nrf. Grose Siippl. (1790). e.Nrf. Strong rails or battons, an inch
to one inch and a half thick, and eight or nine inches wide,
Marshall Rur. Econ. (1787).
4. Comp. (i) Batten-door ; (2) -fence, a fence made by
nailing two or three rails to upright posts ; (3) -stick,
a small stick of peeled oak, taken from the ends of the
branches, gen. sold for fuel.
(i) n.Lin.' A door made of boards nailed to cross pieces is
called a batten-door, to distinguish it from a panelled door. (2)
Nhp.* (3) Cum. A lot o' them . . . cum ower an fell oa t'trees ; . . .
t'seaal eh t'battin sticks'll pay t'laber, Sargisson yoc Scort/i (i88i)
72 ; Battin sticks are also known as peel'd yak (,E.W.P. ).
[Batten (a word used only by artificers), a scantling, a
thin strip of wood, Ash (17951; A batten (among car-
penters), a scantling of wooden stuff, from two to four
inches broad, and about an inch thick, Bailey (1721). Fr.
balant, the piece of wood that runs all along upon the
edge of the lock-side of a door, gate,or window (Cotgr.).]
BATTEN, sb.^ Obs. w.Yks. In handloom weaving :
a movable bar which closes the weft.
w.Yks. The threads of the weft are driven together by means of
a framework termed a batten, Cudworth IVorstedopolis (,i888)
53 : Tewing with a picking stick and a batten (J.K.S.).
[Fr. battant, 'Traverse de bois horizontale qui supporte
le peigne d'un metier a tisser' (Hatzfeld).]
BATTEN, sb.^ Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf.
Der. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. Also written battin
n.Cy. (Grose) Cum.* n.Yks.* Lan.* ne.Lan.' Chs.* s.Chs.*
nw.Der.' Shr.* ; batting Nhp.* [ba'tan, bas'tan.]
1. A bundle of straw, gen. of two sheaves fastened to-
gether. Cf. bolting.
n.Cy. Grose (1790); N.Cy.', Nhb.* Dur.* Batten o' streah.
n.Yks. Weese git a battin and a burden rape, Meriton Pj"«/'s^ Ale
(1684) 1.5 ; n.Yks.* ; n.Yks.* A thack-battin, a portion for thatch-
ing with. ne.Yks.* w.Yks.* Lan.* Hcaw much a battin, mestur?
ne.Lan.* Chs.* The quantity of a batten is the straw from two
sheaves of wheat ; or rather it was so in the days of flails. In
threshing with a machine, there is, of course, no guide to the
quantity of straw to be put into each batten. Twelve hand-threshed
battens of straw make one thrave ; Chs.*, s.Chs.' Midi. Marshall
Rur. Econ. (1796). Stf.* Eh Tum, just cut up i' th' loft, an chuck
us a batten or two o' straw dain. Der.* nw.Der.* Usually from
three sheaves of oats. Not. (J.H. B.) ; Not.* n.Lin. Small sheaves
of straw used for covering ricks. Sutton IVds. (1881). Lin.*, Lei.*
Nhp.* A bundle or bottle of wheat or rye straw after threshing,
bound with bands; sometimes two or three, if large ; confined, I
believe, to the s. district, 'bolting' and 'bottle' being in common use
BATTEN
[187]
BATTER
inother parts of tlic county. War.s Shr. A', fr Q. (1856) and S. ii
409 ; Shr.* The term is used in the singular form only. Twelve
battin make a thravc.
2. In />/., straw which has been half-threshed.
Cum. Given as tit bits to weakly cattle, as combining the grain,
with the usual foddering of straw (,M.P ) ; Cum.'
BATTEN, v} Yks. Lin. Lei. Nhp. Nrf. Dev.and in gen.
tech. use.
1. To cover the innerfaceof a wall with laths or 'battens.'
See Batten, sl>}
Lin.', n.Lin.', Lei.' Nhp.' To batten a wall, is to nail battens
or laths to upright studs previous to papering or plastering a
damp room, to prevent the paperor plaster from coming in contact
with the wall.
2. To fence, to partition oflf.
e.Nrf. The outer fence of foldyards is mostly battoned ; namely,
made with posts, and three or four wide strong rails, or battons
the lower ones being placed close enough for an effectual fence
against swine, Marshall Ritr. Econ. (1787). Dev. He had bat-
tened off the passage, Baring-Gould S/'ii/er {iSBj , II. 277.
3. In phr. battiiud doivii, of a ship's hatchway : covered
with tarpauling nailed down so as to keep water from the
hold.
n.Yks.2
BATTEN, V? Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Stf Der. Lei. Nhp.
War. [batan, bae tan.]
L To feed ; to grow fat ; to thrive. Cf. barnish.
n.Cy. Grose (1790 ; (K.); N.Cy.', Nhb.', Cum.' n.Yks. Good
bcddin, Tibb, will mack it [a calf] battin wcel, Meriton Praisv
yj/i? (1684) I. 27. Stf.', Der.i Lei.' Miss begins to batten out.
Nlip.2 To batten out War.3
Hence Battening, (i) vbl. sb. a bringing-up, thriving;
(2) ppl. adj. thriving, healthy.
t.i) N.Cy.' 'The wife a good church-going and a battening to the
bairn ' is a common toast at the gossips' feast on the birth of a child.
Nhb.' After a confinement all the 'cronies' who had come to assist,
or to congratulate, were regaled with tea or spirits, according to
taste. As they began, the cup or glass was solemnly lifted to the
health of the father and mother, and a wish was expressed in the
formula of ' a good battening to the bairn.' Cum.' 'Here's good
battenin to t'barn, and good mends to the mother,' is a usual toast on
the occasion of a birth. l_2) Sc. That's a fine baittenin' bairn (Jam.).
2. To wallow.
Nhp. 2 Them pigs batten in the sun.
[1. To batten, to fatten or get flesh, Bailey (1721) ; To
batten (grow fat), piitgncsco, Coles (1679) ; It makes her
fat, you see ; she battens with it, B. Jonson Barth. Fair
(1614)11. i; Thus they batten here ; but the divell will
gnaw their bones for it. Nest of Ninnies (1608) (Nares).
a. To batten, to welter, roll about in, Bailey (1721) ; To
batten, yf/«o volnlari. Coles (1679).]
BATTER, si.' Sc.Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Lin. Also I.W.
[ba-ta(r).]
I. Lit. something produced by beating.
1. A glutinous, adhesive substance ; paste.
Abd. I'll use nae weapon, but my batter. To stap yourmou' [the
author was a bookbinder by trade], Shirrefs Poems (1790I Pirf.
xvi (Jam.); They're crying out for want o' batter, And I maun
jump and take about it. We canna bin' a book without it, il>. 332.
Edb. The web was still in the loom. . . . Afraid of consequences.
I let the batter and the bobbin box lie still, MoiR Mamie ll'aiuli
(1828) xxiv ; Batter, in the old handloom weaving days, was the
paste used in sizing cloth (J.M.).
2. Soft, moist dirt ; filth.
Cum. Linton Lake Cy. 1 1864^ 296 ; Aw bluid an batter, heame
thou rid, Anderson Ballads 1805 70. ed. iS.^o ; He picked hissen
up au' bluid and batter (J.Ar.\ Wm. Feaces nowt but blead an
batter, Wheeler Dial. (,1790) 65 ; His fayce en' 'iz head wez aw
batter en' blead, Blezard Siigs. (i868j 34. nLin.' Soft, horse-
trampled mud.
II. The act of beating ; a person who beats. Cf. bat,
si.i II.
1. A heavy blow or series of blows.
Ayr. Received him with such a thundering batter on the ribs
that he fell reeling from the shock, Galt Entail ^'823) xxviii.
ne Lan.'
2. The action of a fowl in dusting itself Cf bather.
I.W'
3. In cotton or silk trade : one who prepares the
material by beating it.
w.Yks. A workman who beats plush or velvet with a bat-like
instrument in order to raise the pile .S K.C.\ Lan. Bess was a
batter, and her business was to turn and beat the clotted mass,
Banks Maneli. Man (1876; ii ; Lan.' A woman employed in beating
raw cotton to clean it. The operation is now generally done by
machinerj". Who wur it ? — One o' thoose batters at th' fine mill,
[1. 1. Batter for pancakes, ;'>«/'<'«srt. Coles (1679) ; Batter
of floure, paste, Palsgk. (1530); Batowre of llowre and
mele wyth water, mola, Prompt. ; Bature, batiira, siniilago,
Catli. Angl. ( 1483). 2. The batter or lome that gocth to the
making of bricks, Holland Pliny (1601) II. 555 (N.E.D.).]
BATTER, *•/;.= Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Stf Not.
Lin. Rut. War. Wor. e.An. Sus. Som. and gen. tech. use.
[ba'ta r), bae'tafr).]
1. The slope or inclination of a wall, railway embank-
ment, &c. ; an expansion or widening. Cf battery.
Sc. A wall with a great batter lJA^^.^ ; When the kill is formed to
four and a half feet high, and lour and a half feet wide, the second
batter begins ; and from four and a half feet high, she must be
built so as to be exactly ten feet wide within the walls, when she
is ten feet high, Maxwell Sr/. Trans. (1743^ 193 lA.V Nhb.' A dyke
is said to have more or less batter, as it deviates more or less from
the perpendicular. Cum. J.Ar.i; Cum.' Field walls arc built
wider at the bottom than at the top. and this constitutes the batter.
Wm.' n.Yks,' fwall has a \'ast o" batter. ne.Yks.' T'wall
wants a bit mair batter back. e.'Vks. In Holderness the sloping
side or embankment of a ditch is called the batter. A'. & Q. 1 1865)
3rd S. viii. 402. w.Yks.' Let t'wau licv plenty o' batter. Not. Of
a wall that had fallen : It'll stand better this time, we've given it a
batter tL.C.M.). n.Lin.' sw.Lin.' The dyke banks will never
Stan' wiout they tak' more batter off. e.An.' e.Sus. Hollowav.
w.Som.l
2. The sloping banks of a railway or canal.
n.Yks. Before the wet time had lasted a week, the?e fair-seem-
ing batters had begun to move, to give way, to slide down bodily
in parts, Atkinson Moorl. Parish {i8gi) 190. w.Yks. The baiter is
on fire (B.K.V Stf. Northall FtkP/ir. (i894\ Rut.' I w>is on
the battus of the railway an' my fut slipped. War.*, Wor. (H.K.)
['This batter is not to be gardened ' was an order on the Midi.
Railway near London (Sept. 1895) (E.S.); Weale (ed. 1873").]
3. Fig. In phr. on the batter, on a spree, on a drinking-
bout. Cf agee.
Sc. My hat was smash'd, my skull laid bare, Ae night when on
the batter, IV/iislle Binkie {i8-]e) I. 211 (Jam. Suppl.). Bnff.' He's
been o' the batter a' the oock. Nhb.' He's on the batter agyen.
Cum. Vance he'd been a week on t'battcr, Richardson Talk
1871) 42. ed. 1876; (J.Ar.) [It was among working-men that I
first heard 'on the batter.' To a builder, anj'thing that is .askew, or
tottering, is ' on the batter,' N. (f Q. (1867) 3rd S. viii. 369.]
[The same as Batter, t'.']
BATTER, !/.» Sc. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Nhp.
Also I.W.
1. To give repeated blows ; to pelt with stones. Of rain:
to beat against anything, to drive.
n.Yks.' T'bairns wer battering t'aud deeam's decar wi' cobblc-
stanes ; n.Yks.* w.Yks.* P.attcr that bass. Chs.' Th" lead's
welly done, and th' rain batters through th' windows.
Hence Battered, ppl. adj. reduced to a liquid or to batter
by rapid stirring or beating.
Wni.' Stirred up with a fork or spoon, as in making batter for
pancakes, &c., or in preparing an egg fc. r mak'ng mulled ale.
2. Fig. To labour or walk at a great rate. Ci.fig. use of
pelt.
LW.2 To dig or scrape furiously with small effect. Nhp.' Think
how many a bitter blast, When it snow'd, and hail'd and blew,
I have toil'd and batter'd through, Clare.
Hence (i) Baiterei, ppt. adj. tired, overcome by walking
or labour ; 12) Battering, vbl. sh. hastening.
(II Nhb.' Aa's fair battered an' deun. ne.Lan.' A horse with
tender feet is said to be battered. {2) Lnk. Then ye wad see her,
a wee, sharp-set auld body . . . comin' batterin" up, Fraser ll'lmiips
(1895 xii.
3. To paste ; to fasten by a viscous substance.
Sc. (Jam.) Lth. [Of Presbyterian dislike to metrical psalms]
Just batter yer door wi' paraphrases, an' he'll never look the
airt ye' re on, Stbathesk More Bits (1885) 249.
B b 2
BATTER
[i88]
BATTLE
Hence Battered up, phr. posted up, written on a hand-
bill or notice affixed to a board.
e Lth. I wad raithcr be cried in the kirk nor battered up on the
registrar's buird, Hunter /. Inwick (1895) 157.
4. To splash with mud.
Nhp.i2
BATTER, V?- Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Not. Lin. Lei.
Nhp. War. Won Ken. Sus. Som. and in gcii tech. use.
To build a wall, ditch, embankment, &c., out of the perpen-
dicular, to slope. Of a wall, &c. : to incline, to taper.
Wm.' n.Yks.' The wall batters one foot in six. It batters o'
baith sides. w.Yks.' ne.Lan.' A wall which diminishes in thick-
ness upwards is said to batter. Chs.' A wall built against a bank
generally batters ; Chs.^ In building a wall, particularly against a
bank, the term batter is used, and means to make the wall incline
so as to withstand by its inclination the pressure of the earth, which,
were the wall not battered, would bring it down. Not.' Lin. The
walls batter considerably. Miller & Skertchly Fciiland (,1878)
585. nXin.' [.Said of] the side of a ditch, bank, wall, or tower.
Lei.' Yo' mut batter the top o' the wall a bit. Nhp.', War. 2,
s.Wor.' se.Wor.' In building atall chimney, to batteris to gradually
reduce the circumference. Ken. They are battering down the clitV
(D.W. L.). Sus.' 2 w.Som.' When a wall is made to slope inwards
towards the building or bank, it is said to batter. This word is the
converse of over-hang. [The angular columns . . . all stand, as the
workmen term it, battering, or sloping inwards, Archaeol. (1792)
X. 185 (Dav.).]
[Batter (used only by artificers), to lean from the per-
pendicular. Ash (1795) ; To batter (a word used only by
workmen). The side of a wall, or any timber, that
bulges from its bottom or foundation, is said to baiter,
MoxoN Mech. Exercises (Johnson).]
BATTER AND CROWN HTM, phr. Obs. ? w.Yks.^
The game also called ' Baste the bear,' q.v. [Not known
to our correspondents.]
BATTER-DOCK, sb. Applied to several plants with
large flat leaves : (i) Butter bur, Petasifes vulgaris (Chs.) ;
(2) Potomogeton natans (Chs.) ; (3) Rtimex obtusif alius
(Shr.).
(i) Chs. Water-lilies are Flatter- (or floating") docks, and the
Butterbur is Batter-dock, Science Gossifi (1869) 30; [In the
Physic-Garden at Lcyden] All ordinary herbs ... as well as rare
herbs, to be found herein : tansy, . . . bater-docks, &c., Brereton
Travels (1634-5) 42 ; Chs.'^ (2) Chs.^ (3) Shr.' ' Beware of a
breed if it be but a batter-dock' is a proverbial saying heard about
Welshampton. It implies the need of caution in dealing with
persons who came of a family characterized by ' failings.*
[Butter-dock, from its leaves being used for lapping
butter, whence the Scotch name it, Smair-dock, Prior
Plaiil N. (1863) 36. Cp. Butter-burre, an English name
of the Petasilesfloreiis, Gerarde Herb. (ed. 1633).]
BATTERFANGED, ppl. adj. Yks. Lin. [ba-ta-faqd.]
Bruised, beaten, scratched.
n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.^ Beaten and beclawed, as a termagant fights
with her fists and nails. n.Lin.' Th' Blyton cabinet hes been that
batterfang'd aboot so as no carpenter can mend it. He'd been a
so'dger i' th' Roosian war, an' com hoame reg'lar batterfanged.
[The poore man was so batterfang'd and belabour'd
with tongue mettle, that he was weary of his life, John
Taylor ll-'ks. (1630) 191. Batter, vh.^+faiig (vb.), q.v.]
BATTERFANGING, vbl. sb. Yks. A sound beating
or scratching.
n.Yks.' The consequences, in the shape of combined blows and
scratches, which await the champion who engages a female com-
batant in battle ; n.Yks.^ A good battertanging, a severe clawiiig.
BATTERING-STOCK, sb. Yks. [batrin-stok.] A
scapegoat who gets the blows or reproaches due to another.
See Batting, 4.
n.Yks. 2 I's nut boun to be thy battering-stock [I am not going to
take the blame which ought to be laid on your shoulders].
BATTERING-STONE, sb. Obs. n.Yks.
n.Yks.'^ A mass of whinstone fi.tcd by the roadside, near the
east end of Whitby Abbey, which the boys annually pelted with
stones after perambulating the Whitby township boundaries on
Holy Thursday ; those (it was believed) who broke the mass being-
entitled to a reward from the parish.
BATTERLASH, sb. Lan. A small-witted person,
'Simple Simon.'
Lan. If ever thae wants to see a foo, Ben, thae's nought to do
but peep into that glass ; for thae's less wit nor Batterlash, 'at beat
th' wayter for runnin', Waugh Ozvd Blanket 1,1867) i8. e.Laa.'
BATTERPINS, sb. pi. Hrf. Draught trees, tongues
of a wagon.
Hrf. Morton Cvclo. Agric. (i863\
BATTER Y.'si. Irel. Nhb. Also Som. Dev.
1. A sloping wall, an embankment. Cf. batter, si."
N I.' A sloping sea-wall. Nlib.'
2. A buttress.
w.Som.' Speaking of a wall which was leaning, a man said to me,
' I think he'd stan nif was vor to put up a bit of a battery agin un.'
Dev. Reports Provinc. (1881) 8.
BATTICLE, sb. Nhp. [bse'tikl.] A movable
wooden cross-bar to which the traces of husbandry
horses are secured.
Nhp.' Called also Sway-tree, Swingel tree, and Way-tree, in
different parts of the county.
BATTIN, see Batten.
BATTING, vbl. sb. Irel. Cum. Yks. Lan. Lin. Nhp.
Also Dev. [batin, bsetin.]
1. A beating, castigation. See Bat, sb.^ and w.'
Lan. The ' battin ' he received from the mopstail made him sore
for many a week, Brierley tVaveitoiv (1863) 85, ed. 1884.
2. Snaring birds at night with nets. Usually in form
bird-batting, q.v. Cf. bat -folding, bat-fowl.
Dev. w. Times (Feb. 26, 1886) 2, col. 2 ; Dev.' The art of snaring
birds at night with a net and lantern : the ivy-tod or roosting-place
is beaten in order that the birds may be driven out.
3. In stone-dressing: working with a mallet.
Nhp.' Working stone with a tool instead of rubbing it smooth,
or dragging it down with a piece of steel plate.
4. Coiiip. (i) Batting-board, (2) -rod, see below; (3)
•stock, (4) -stone, a scapegoat, one who takes the blows
due to another ; also called battering-stock, q.v.
(i)Lin.' n Lin.' Batting-board, a piece of wood used by thatchers
to beatdown the thatch. Dev. w. 7"»;(fs(Feb. 26, 1886) 2, col. 2. [Cf.
battledore, sb. 2.] (2) Lan. He could hondle a piece o' hoyrn like a
battin'-rod, Brierley /(Wfl/c ( 1868) 94 ; A batten-rod is one half
of a flail used for threshing corn (S.W.). (3) n.Yks. Birlady but
my barne shall never be A battingstock for her, thou's plainly sec,
Meriton Pra/ss Ate (1684) 1. 611-12; (K.) ; n.Yks.2 (4) Ir.
Many another man would put salt-water between himself and
yourself, sooner nor become a battin'-stone for you, as I have been,
Carleton Trails Peas. (1843) I. 386.
BATTINiG, sec Batten.
BATTLE, si.' Lan. Lin. In coinp. (i) Battle-cock,
a game cock ; (2) -royal, a fight between several cocks, a
free fight between several men ; (3) -stag, a game cock.
(i) Lan. The gray moriiing broke and the battle-cock crew,
Harland Lyrics (1866) 17. ^2) ne.Lan.' (3) n.Lin.'
Hence Battler, sb. a boxer.
n.Yks.= w.Yks. Leeds .Uerc. Siippl. (Aug. 8, 1891).
[(i) I will give him a couple of good battel-cocks,
Robertson Pliras. (1693). (2) Battle Royal (among cock-
fighters), a fight between 3, 5, or 7 cocks engaged all
together, so that the cock which stands the longest gets
the day, Bailey (1721).]
BATTLE, t).' and sA." Nhb. Cum. Also Som. Dev.
Ainer. Also in form bittle Nhb.' [batl, ba tl.]
1. V. To beat cloth. See Battling, Beetle, Bat, si.' I.
Nhb.' A very large whinstone in the Hart is called the battling-
stone, from its being used to beat or battle the lie out of the webs
upon it in the bleaching season, Hodgson Ntib. II. 13. Cum.
(M.P.) [U.S.A., Tenn. Dial. Notes ( 1895 i 370.]
2. sb. A heavy wooden mallet bound with two iron
rings, used for cleaving wood. See Standing-battles.
w.Som.' Generally coupled with the wedges. Where be the
battle-n wadges?
3. Comp. (i) Battle-head, (n) the fish also known as
miller's tluimb; (i) a stupid person ; (2) -headed, stupid ;
(3) -stick, the handle of the 'battle'; (4) -stock, the round
head of the ' battle.'
(I) w.Som.' Yu guurt baat-I aid! Aay niivur ded-n zee dim
fuul'ur u dhee! [You great battle-head ! I never saw the fellow of
thee!] Dev.^ (2) w.Som.' Ee-z dhu baa 'tl-aiduds guurt dung eeul
livur yiie zeed-n yur luyv [he is the battle-headcdest great dung-
hill you ever saw in your lifej. (3) Dhu has dhing vut u baat'l'stik-s
BATTLE
[189]
BATTLING
u graewnd tiulum [the best tliinp; for a battle-slick is a ground
elm]. (4) Generally made of a junk of an apple-tree, Mus au'vces
pik aewt u zaawur aapl vur baatl-stauks — zweet aaplz bee sau f
co'dud [one must always pick out a sour apple (tree) for battle-
stocks— sweet apples are solt wooded].
[1. To battle clothes, exaikre, Levins Maiiip. (1570). Bat,
vb.'-l--/e (-el), freq. suff.]
BATTLE, v."^ Obs. Dev. Also written batteL To
render fertile.
Dev>
[Ashes are a marvelous improvement to battle barren
land, Fuller IVorlliies (1662) in Ray's Prov. (1678) 304 ;
Engraisser tin c/iaiiip, to marie a field, to battle it, or make
it fertile, Cotgr. The same as Battle, adj.]
BATTLE, v.^ Oxf. To have a kitchen and buttery
account in College.
Oxf. Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.)
[Battle (in the University of Oxford), to take up board
in the college books, Asn (1795); To battle, or score for
his diet, as they do at the University;, Robertson Phias.
(1693) ; Battle (as scholars do in Oxford), eslre dcbteur an
College pour ses vivres, Sherwood (1672 i; To battle, 'vox
Oxoniensis Academiae propria; quibus significat victCis
dcbita, et iinpensas in nomina referre,' Skinner (1671).
See Battels.]
BATTLE, v." Nhp. Bck. [bae-tl.] To besmear with
mud; to walk about a room with dirty feet, to 'trapse,'
q.v.
Nhp.i The pavement at the street door was battled all over as
soon as it was cleaned.
Hence (i) Battled,;^//, adj. bespattered with mud;
trampled down ; (2) Battled up, plir. untidy, in a litter or
mess ; (3) Battling, vbl.sb. splashing, treading with dirty
feet.
(i) Nhp.' Who, nearly battled to her chin, Bangs down the yard
through thick and thin, Nor picks her road, nor cares a pin ?
Clare Poems (ed. 1820) 159. Bdf. Grass much walked over, or
wheat trampled under foot, is said to bo battled down (J.W.B.).
(2) Bck. The kitchen's all battled up (A.C.). (3) Nhp.> Don't let
the dog come battling all over the floor.
BATTLE, adj. Sc. Yks. [batl.]
L Of land or soil : fertile. See Baittle.
w.Yks.i Battle-land. [,K.)]
2. Fat, thickset.
Bch. A battle horse, the same otherwise called a punch poney
(Jam.).
[1. Battel or fruitful, feiidis, Robertson Phias. (1693) ;
Battel, fruitful, Gouldman (1678); Battle or fruitlull,
MiNsiiEU (1617) ; Fera.v, battle and fertile. Cooper (1565).
The same as Battle, v.^]
BATTLEDEER, sec Battledore.
BATTLEDORE, sb. Cum. Yks. Der. Lin. Nhp. Also
L\V. Wil. Also written battledeeare.Yks.'; -deem. Yks.;
-der Cum.'; -door Nhb.' Der.' n. Lin.'; battel-doorn.Yks.';
batt'ldoor ne.Yks.'
1. A flat wooden implement, in shape resembling a
cricket-bat, used as a substitute for the mangle in
smoothing linen after washing, or in the process of
bleaching. Obsol.
Cum. \Vith the battledore, webs were battled or cleaned after
their daily extension and watering on the grass, pinned out by
wooden pegs, in the sunshine along the scar ^M.P.) ; Cam.' (s.v.
Batlin stick.) n.Yks. On their washing-nights the strokes of the
'battledoor' — that is, the old-fashioned implement for smoothing
newly-washed linen, which has been superseded by the mangle-
were heard as far as Runswick, Atkinson Moorl. Parish (18911 53 ;
Deeame sit te wark te battledeer the cleas, Fetherston Goor-
kiodger (1870I 78; (I.W.) ; n.Yks.' One portion of the former
substitute for the mangle, not yet fallen into entire disuse ; called
also the Bittle. The other portion is called the Pin, or the Rolling-
pin, and in shape and dimensions very much resembles the roller
of a small mangle. The battel-door is a heavy piece of wood, with
a handle, like that of a cricket-bat, at one end, flat on both sides
and about four to five inches wide. The linen to be operated
upon is wound round the pin and then rolled backwards and
lorwards on a linen-board under the battel-door, subjected to
whatever amount of piessure the laundress is able or disposed to
put upon IL The process is not unaccompanied with noise from
the clapping of the wood upon wood, or upon the linen rolled on
the wooden pin, and it is this clapping noise that is, at least in
part, implied in the various local legends touching Fairy linen- wash-
ing. ne.Yks.', e.Yks.' n.Lln.' Very rarely used now.
2. A flat wooden instrument used in mending thatch. Cf.
batting-board, s.v. Batting.
Nhp.' A battledore is about a foot long and six inches broad,
with a slit at one end for the hand. Used to shore or push the ends
of the new straw under the old thatch. Called on the t. side of the
county a Gillet, on the n. a Stin-ger.
3. A child's horn-book. Obsol. or Obs.
Nht).' A nat board with a handle like a battledore. On the
wide face of this a card was fastened, having ABC and other
elementary characters upon it. To protect the card from the con-
stant contact of the wooden skewer used as a pointer in teaching,
a sheet of horn was nailed over the face. Hence the name 'horn-
book.' Battledore is transferred to the folding child's alphabet
card, still for sale (i8gi) in booksellers' shops. w.Yks. Thay
went ta Huthersfield ta buy im a batteldoor. The prise were a
penne ; thinken it too deer they bout la for gd. Went hoam, an
ther gurt hoblen lad larnd ta read his batteldoors, Orig. Speech at
Cleckheaton. Der.' n.Lln.' A piece of cardboard on which was
printed the ABC, the Lord's Prayer, and a few short syllables,
employed as a substitute for the horn-book. Battledoors were in
use here, in dame's schools, in 1843, and probably much later.
The saying, 'He duzn't knaw his A B C fra a battledoor," refers
to this. I.W.* A child's first primer, containing the alphabet,
numerals, &c. ,on thick coarse paper, made to fold; generally sold
by pedlars.
4. A flat-eared variety of barley. Also in camp. Battle-
dorebarley.
Nhb. Battle-door or sprat-barley is sometimes grown and is
preferred for sowing upon land in high condition, Marshall
/?irwfit/ (1808 I. 77 ; Nhb.' n.Yks. Tuke yj^iir. (:8oo 119. Wil.'
[1. Batyldore, battouer a lessiiie, Palsgr. ( 1530 ) ; Batyl-
doure, or wasshynge betj'Ue, /eretoriidii, Prompt. 3. A
battledore book or horn-book, Abecedariiim ... A battle-
dore boy or horn-book boy, Abecedariiis, Robertson
P/iras. (1693) ; A battle-door (horn-book), Tabella eleiiieit-
lariortnii, Coles (1679).]
BATTLER, see Battle, sb.^
BATTLES, see Battels.
BATTLETON, sb. Shr. A wooden instrument used
by washerwomen in beating linen. Cf bat, si.', bat-
stick.
Shr.2
BATTLE-T'WIG, sb. Yks. Stf. Dor. Not. Lin. Lei.
Nhp. Also in form birtle-twig Der.'; bettle- n.Lin.' An
earwig.
e.Yks. Should the earwig get into your ear, it will eat its way
to the brain and kill you. It is called a ' forkin robin,' or' battle-
twig,' Nicholson Flk-Loye (1890) 136; e.Yks.', w.Yks.*, Stf.'
Der. Grose (1790); Der.'», nw.Der.', Not. (J.P.K.), Not.'' Lin.
The wool of a thistle a-flyin' an' seeadin' tha haated to see;
'Twur as bad as a battle-twig 'ere i' my oan blue chaumber to me,
Tennyson Spinster s Sweet-arts ^ 1885) ; (J.C.W.) n.Lin.' A woman
bed hcd a battle-twig creap into her ear, an' when she deed an'
th' doctors oppen'd her head, it bed bred her braains full o' worms.
sw.Lin.' Some calls 'em battletwigs, and some calls 'em earwigs.
Lei.' Nhp.' Peculiar to the «. part of the county.
[A corr. of beetle + earwig, contam. w. battled twig (of a
tree).]
BATTLING, vbl. sb. Obsol. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Amcr.
1. The process of beating linen, cither to clean it, or to
soften the coarse home-spun webs before being worn. Cf.
battle, v}
Cum. All home-spun webs used to undergo this process at
intervals, after boiling with soap and wood ashes (M.P.).
2. Camp, (i) Battling-stick, a ' battledore ' (q.v.) or flat
stick used in beating linen ; (2) -steean, -stone, a large flat
stone upon which linen was laid to be beaten ; (3) -wood,
see Battling-stick.
(i^ Cum.' [Used] for beating the linen web previous to its being
laid on the grass to bleach. [ U.S.A., Tenn. Dial. Notes (1895) 370. ]
(2) n.Cy. A smooth, heavy, flat-sided stone, set a little aslope by
the side of a brook or river, whereon to beat or battle clothes with a
BATTLINGS
[190]
BAUCHLE
battling-stick, after they have been soaked in wood ashes or other
bleaching lies (J.H.)- Nhb.i (s.v. Battle.) Cum. Battlin' stean or
stone was a large, flat-topped blue cobble, or boulder, fixed firmly
in the brae- edge of the river Eden. It was above the ordinary
level of the stream, and sloped slightly outwards, so that the water
and whatever with it was beaten out of the web, as it was turned
and changed and re-beaten or battled, might run into the stream
again i M.P.); The coat had been growing hard with the frost 'This
wants the batling stone ower it,' said the old weaver, Caine S/:<i(i.
Clime 118851 32; Cum.' 'Wm. Lonsdale Mag. 1 1822) III. 291.
n.Yks.^ Batlingsteean. (3I Wm. The shirts being steeped in the
water, were laid in folds upon the stone, and beat with a battling
wood, Lonsdale Mag. ('1822) III. 291.
BATTLINGS, sb} pi. Slang. At Winchester School :
a boy's weekly allowance of one shilling. See Battle, v.^
Slang. Shadwell IVyke. Slang (1859-1864J ; (A.D.H); l,E,F.) ;
Cope Gl. (1883.
BATTLINGS, sb.'^ pi. Not. Lei. Written battlins
Lei.' [batlinz.] Battlements.
s.Not. We got raight on to the roof o' the chutch tower, an'
looked through the battlings (J. P.K.I. Lei. ' The dark battlins at
Bosworth were the leads of the nave of the church, so called on
account of their being surrounded by battlements, and the dark-
ness of the spiral staircase which led to them.
BATTLINGS, see Bailings.
BATTOCK, 5/). Sc. (Jam.) Nhb.
1. A tuft of grass or small patch of ground surrounded by
water. Obs. See Bat, sb.*
Slk. [Not known to our correspondents.]
2. Flat ground or ' haughs ' by a river-side ; firm ground
between two branches of a river.
Lth., Nhb.i
BATTON. see Batten.
BATTON-HOD, sb. Cmb. A piece of turf 12 in. long
and 3 in. wide.
Cmb. Goss Life Jciiiill ( iSSg') 72.
BATTRIL, sb. Lan. Chs. [ba'tril.] A flat piece of
wood used by laundresses to beat linen. Cf bat, bat-
staff.
Laa. Ah, wedding, wedding, I conno spej'k nah boh whiz flies
battril ut meh yead, Paul Bobbin Sequel ( 1819 31 ; Lan.l, Chs.'^
[Bal/er, vh.^ + -el, the suff. of instrum. sb.]
BATTRY, sb. Obs. ? e.An. A tea-kettle.
e.An.'. Nrf.' [Not known to our correspondents.]
BATTUS, see Batter.
BATTY, sb.^ Nhb. [ba'ti.] A rabbit. Cf bawd,
bawty.
n.Nhb. In use at Wooler (R.O.H.).
BATTY, sb.^ Ken. Slang.
1. Workmen's wages, perquisites.
Slang. Farmer ; Hotten ; Barr^re & Leland.
2. A wife's portion after her husband's death.
Ken. She did not get her batty all at once (W.F.S.\
[An Angl.-Ind. word. Batta, extra pay given to East
Indian regiments when on a campaign ; also, an extra
allowance paid to officers serving in India.]
BATTY, sb.^ Nhb. Also Dor. (?). A small cake.
Also in comp. Batty-cake (.').
Nhb.' Thoo shall heva spice batty on tha borthday. Dor. I went
to Riggs's batty-cake shop. Hardy Madding Crowd (1874) xxxiii.
[Not known to our correspondents.]
BATTY, see Bat, sb."^ IH.
BATTY-MOUSE, see Bat-mouse.
BATWELL, 5*. Chs. Stf Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. Also
written betwell Stf Shr.' ; totwell Chs.' A wicker
strainer, used in brewing.
Chs." Stf. Ray (169O A/5, orfrf. (J.C.) LeU Placed over the
end of the spigot inside the mash-vat, to prevent the grains passing
through. Nhp.i, War.3, Shr.'
BATY, see Bate.
BAUBEE, see Bawbee.
BAUBERY, see Bobbery.
BAUBOSKING, /;/.. Obsol. Yks. Of cattle : straying
away ; geii. used fig.
ne.Yks.i Ah deean't gan bauboskin'aboot leyke sum on 'em ; ah
sticks ti t'heeaf.
BAUCn, adj. Sc.Nhb. CuiTi.Yks. Also written baach
(Jam.) ; bagh- w.Yks. ; baugh (Jam.i Nhb.' [bax, baf.]
1. Unpleasant to the taste.
Sc. Take thee three bites of an black Houre, And Ruebarb baach
and bitter, Watson Coll. ('1706) III. 10 'Jam.) ; In this sense we
now use ' waugh,' ib. e.Lth. As for his sermon, it seemed to me
puir baugh stuff, Hunter/, /jmwi ( 1895) 40.
2. Not good, sorry, indifferent. Cf. baff.
Sc. A bauch tradesman, one who is far from excelling in his
profession. A horse is said to be bauch shod or his shoes are said
to be bauch, when they are much worn. Ice is said to be bauch,
when there has been a partial thaw (Jam.) ; It is a bauch brewing
that's no good in the newing, Ramsay Prov. (1737"). Per. Curlers
speak of dull ice as ' rael bauch ' ^G.W. 1. Lnk. A youth, though
sprung frae kings, looks bauch and blate, Ramsay Gentle Sliep.
( 1725) 79, ed. 1783. Cum. They say beauty withoot bounty's but
bauch, Caine Sliad. Ciiine ( 1885 1 47.
Hence (i) Bauchly, adv. sorrily, indifferently; (2)
Bauchness, sb. want, defect of any kind, indifference.
(i) Sc. Compar'd with hers, their lustre fa', And bauchly tell
Her beauties, she excels them a', Ramsay Poems 1 1727 i II. 397. ed.
1800 (Jam.). (2)Sc.iJam.) Per. Not common. A curler is asked,
'Was your ice good to-day?' He might say, 'No, there was a
bauchness about it.' A joiner might say, ' I cannot put up with
bauchness in my tools' tG.W.V
3. Abashed, timid, sheepish.
Abd. Ye're nae to be bauch and chucken-heartit, Alexander
Johnny Gibb ( 1871) xxi. Per. ' He lookit unco baugh.' he looked
much out of countenance [Jam.). Rxb. But if he cracks but little
now 'Tis no that he's a baugh ane, Riddell Poet. IVks. (^1871)
II. 131-
Hence Bauchness, sb. backwardness or lowness
arising from timidity.
n.Sc. i,W.G.)
4. Weak, tired out, exhausted.
Sc. That I may ken howe bauch I am. Riddell Ps. (1857) xxxix.
4 ; The auld wise man grew baugh And turn'd to shank away,
Hogg Jacob. Pel. (1819' I. 71, ed. 1874 (Jam.). Nhb.'
Hence Baghly, adv. in feeble health.
w.Yks. Hl/.v. U'ds.
BAUCHLE, sb.'^ Sc. Irel. Also written bachal Irel. ;
baughle Sc. [baxL]
1. An old worn-out shoe or boot ; a heelless slipper.
Sc. When . . . the bride and bridegroom went away in the
cart ... it seemed as if all the old bauchles in the parish had
been gathered to fling after them. Whitehead Daft Davie : 1876)
298, ed. 1894 ; The new way from bauchels to boots, Cobban
Andaman (1895) xx ; Palmering abaut in bauchles, Stevenson
Weir (18961 i ; Hehasna a bauchel to swearbj*, Henderson Prov.
(1832) 115, ed. 1881 [Boys yet swear by touching ' cauld steel,' the
nails of their boots (,G.W. )] ; Tantmas Podkin (1864! 146. Fif.
Tam searched . . . ower the hale o' Lunnon till he wore the vera
bauchles atf his feet, M'Laren Tibbie (,1894) 69 ; Flung oot like an
auld bauchle, Robertson Provost (1894'! 99. Rnf Maggy...
lost her bachals i' the snaw, Wilson Watty (1792 1 8. Ayr.
To misuse me as if I were nae better than an old bachle, Galt
Entail ( 1823) 1 ; With her bauchle in her hand, ib. Ann. Parish
(ed. 1895) iii. Lth. Slipshod bachles, auld and torn, Macneill
Poet. IVks. (1801) 169, ed. 1856. Edb. Her shoon were terrible
bauchles, Moir Mansic Wanch (1828) 141; And his feet were
slipped into a pair of bauchles — that is, the under part of old boots
cut from the legs, ib. 219 Slk. In shoon little better than
bauchles, stockins that are in fack buggers, Chr. North Nodes
(ed. 18561 IV. 38. Gall. My bauchles made nae noise, Crockett
Raiders (1894) xxxvi.
2. A person or thing of no account.
Sc. To make a bauchle of anything, is to use it so freq. and
familiarly, as to show that one has no respect for it. One who is
set up as the butt of a company, or a laughing-stock, is said to be
made a bauchle of (Jam.) ; It's better than war; which is the next
best however, though generally rather a bauchle of a business,
Stevenson Catriona (1892) xi. Fif. When I see boo some men
gang on I'm fair scunnered, makin' perfect bauchles o' their wives,
Robertson Provost (1894 174. Slk, The lassie has wallh o'gear
to maintain baeth the sel o' her, an' on}' chop she likes to marr3\
. . . I wod raether that she got a man than a bauchle, Hogg Winter
Ev. Tales (1820) I. 282.
3. An awkward, clumsy person.
Sc. Grose ( 17901 MS. add. \C.^ Ant. Ballymetta Obs. (1892) ;
(M.B.-S.1 ; A 'baghal of a child' i S.A.B.).
BAUCHLE, 5i.= Sc. The upright front of a peat barrow.
Per. A peat barrow has no back and no sides ; when being
BAUCHLE
[191]
BAUSON
rolled along the contents would drop over the ' trindle ' were it not
for the bauchle (G.W."),
2. pi. Two pieces of wood, fixed one on each side of a
cart to extend the surface.
Per. [Bauchles] difl'cr from ' shilmonts,' as not forming an oblong
frame ; the bauchles having no cross-bars at the top and bottom of
the cart (Jam. K
BAUCHLE, v} Sc. Also written bachle, bawchyll
(Jam.), [baxl-] To shamble, walk loosely ; esp. to wear
shoes out of shape.
Sc. As denoting a loose, awkward, and unequal motion ... it is
applied both to man and beast. To bachle shoon, is to wear them
in so slovenly a manner as to let them fall down in the heels ;
to tread them awry (Jam.V Per. ( G.W.) Lth. Beggars come
hirplin' an' bauchlin' out, Ballantine Poems (18561 23.
[A hair clock and a bachlanc naig, Leg. Dp. St. An-
drois (i6th cent.) (Jam.'.]
BAUCHLE, v.^ Sc. (Jam.) Nhb. Also written bachle
(Jam.) ; baughle Nhb.^ To treat contemptuously.
Lth. To bauchle a lass, to jilt a young woman.
Hence Bauchling, vbl. sb. reproaching, taunting.
Sc. The term seems to include any indication of contempt by
signs as well as by words. Nhb.' The inhabitants of Tynedale
and Redesdale were in former days given to baughling, or re-
proaching, an adversary — daring him to fight (obs.). Baughling
at the meetings of the Scotch and English wardens, as it fre-
quently led to blows, was prohibited under the penalty of a month's
imprisonment, Oliver liuinb/cs (183$) 138.
[The said craft is abusit be vile persones in bachlying
of the hammyrmenis work, Seal of Cause for the Hammer-
men (1496) (Jam.).]
BAUD, sb. Sc. [bad.] A thicket or mass of whins
or thistles growing closely together.
n.Sc. Baud is found as a place-name in Sc. and is applied to
places covered with bushes of whins, broom, &c. (W.G. ) Per.
Well known only in place-names. Scarcely a parish is without a
Baud (G.W.). Lth. (Jam.)
[Gael, bad, a thicket, a clump of trees or shrubs (Mac-
Leod & Dewar).]
BAUDEEN, sb. Irel. A loose white or yellowish
flannel jacket.
Ant. Still in use, but growing rare (M.B.-S.). w.Ir. This woman
wore the usual red Galway flannel petticoat, with a loose white or
yellowish (lannel jacket above, known as a ' baudeen,' and worn
by both sexes on the islands. Lawless Grania (1892 I I. pt. i. v ;
His shoulders, in their yellowish flannel baudeen, stood out square
and wcU-dofined. ib. II. pt ni. vi.
BAUDRONS, sb. Sc. n.Cy. Also written badrans,
badrins, baudrans, baudrens, bawdrons. A familiar
name for a cat ; puss.
Sc. Whiskers ... as long as baudrons, Scott Aittiquaiy (1816)
ix ; Is there anybody within the tower with you ? — Naebody but
mysell and baudrons, ib. Blk. Dwarf (1816) ix ; Unless slee
badrins, on the watch. Intent his little prey to catch. Surprise a
hungry mouse, Beatties Parings (1801) 33; Tam . . . drappin'
the pock wi' baudrons in't frae aff his back ... to the horror and
consternation of a', it began to move alang the ground, M'Laken
Tibbie (1894") 13; Poussie, poussie, baudrons. What got ye there ?
I got a guid fat mousikie Rinning up a stair, Chamuers Pvp. Rhymes
(1870I 23; E'en baudrons tries a canny spang, Donald Poems
(18671 '^8; There was poor baudrons crooching close to the wall on
the top of the dresser, and the creature up with a pitiful miow
when she saw me, Whitehead Daft Davie (1876) 138, ed. 1894 ;
In thetu. of Sc. this term has been corrupted into 'pautrons,' as in
the old nursery rhyme, ' Pussy, pussy, pautrons, whare hae
yc been? (Jam. Suppl.) Rn"; An' baudrons there, she daunia
touch A feather o" your wing, Allan Poems (1836) 14. Ayr.
Just like a winkit baudrons, Burns Ordination (1786) st. 10;
Auld Satan, Watches, like baudrons by a rattan, ib. Life (1796)
St. 4. Lnk. O I will ye come like badrans for a jest, Ramsay Gentle
Siiep. ( 1725I 52, ed. 1783. Slk. Sandy heard a noise like baudrons
Murring i' the bed at e'en, Hogg Mount. Bard in Poet IVks. (1834-
40) 96, ed. 1865 ; Oh that bawdrons there were but a civet, Chr.
North Nodes (ed. 1856) III. 219. GaU. Like baudrens when she
sees a mouse, Nicholson //is./. 7<i/« (1843) 123. n.Cy. Border G I.
{Coll. L.L.B.)
[But badrans be the back the uthir hint, Henryson Tivo
Mice (c. 1450) in Ever Green (1761) I. 152.]
BAUEN, see Bavin.
BAUF, V. Sc. (Jam.) [baf.] To walk so as to knock
one's shoes against the stones and make a noise; esp.
when wearing clogs or wooden shoes. See Bauchle, i'.'
Dmf. He gangs bauf — baufin' wi' his clogs, yc may hear him a
mile alT.
BAUF. see BafiT.
BAUGE, V. and sb. s Not. [bodg.] [Not known to
our other correspondents.]
1. V. To boast, to brag.
s.Not. But 'e'll tsauge an boast anoo for three o' him (J.P.K.).
2. sb. A swaggering boastfulness.
8 Not. That's all his bauge, 'e never did oat o" the sort (J. P. K.I.
BAUGH, sb. Chs. .' Obs. A pudding made of milk
and flour only.
Chs. Grose (1790) MS. add. (.P.) ; Chs.3
BAUGH. sec Bauch.
BAUGHLE, see Bauchle.
BAUKEN, see Bawken.
BAUKIE, see Backie.
BAULD, see Bold.
BAULEY, see Bawley.
BAULK, see Balk.
BAULKY, adj. Sur. [b^ki.] Anxious to avoid one,
to get out of the way.
Sur.' I saw the defendant look rather baulky.
[Same word as Balky, q.v.]
BAULLY, see Bawley.
BAUM, V. and sb. Cum. Yks. [bom.]
1. V. To bask in the sun or by the lire.
Cum.l Baum in t'sun like a hag-worm. e.Yks.^
2. sb. A place on a dry bank or hedge where partridges
bask and dust themselves.
Cum.'
BAUM, see Balm.
BAUM-RAPPIT, sb. Lan. An apparition or imagi-
nary appearance.
Lan. There is a passage in Rochdale leading to St. Mary's Church
called ' The Baum.' A man went through this passage late at
night and afterwards this dialogue took place: 'Wot dost" think
I seed last night ! I seed a rappit.' ' That's nought, a rappit s
common enoof.' ' But this were a baum-rappit. ' I he phr. is in
use at the present time when a person says he has seen an appear-
ance of some kind, which is thought unlikely or merely imaginary,
' It's nowt but a baumrappit ' (S.W.I ; Th' warst boggart there is
upo' this country side. . . . I'd back it again oalher witch, fairy . . .
Baum Rappit, RadclilTe Dog, or the dule hissel, Waugii Old
Cronies (1875 1 ii ; I have twice met with those who believed in the
baum-rappit, i. c. the phantom rabbit that is supposed to haunt the
doughs, A/(j«f/i. C;/v AVies (July 18, 1896).
BAUNIA, sb. Irel. A flannel head-dress.
GIw. A b.iunia is a large square piece of home-made flannel, like
a shawl, very commonly worn by the women on their heads, and
reaching down to their heels, covering the whole body but the
face. He were only a baunia until he was a remarkably tall lad
of over sixteen, FII:I.ore Ree. (1881) V. 120.
BAURGH, see Bargh.
BAURY, sb. Irel. Also written baaree Wxf.'
[ba ri.] The goal in the game of ' hurling '
s.Ir. The particular gap or spot through which the ball must be
sent, in the game of ' hurling,' in order to win the game (P.W.J.).
Wxf.'
BAUSON, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. War. Shr. Cor.
Written bawsinw.Yks.' Chs.'*^; bawson m.Yks.' w.Yks.'*
Chs.' '^^ Der.'; bosen w.Yks.'*; boson w.Yks.= »; bosson
Chs. ; bowsen Der.* nw.Uer.' ; bowson Lan. [b^'san,
bo S3n.]
1. A badger.
n.Cy. Grose (1790' MS. add. (P.) m.Yks.' ; w.Yks.2 ; w.Yks.3
Paid for a pair of bawsons. Old Chwardens' Ace. He's as silly as
a bauson ; w.Yks.* Also called a Brock. Lan. Ther we had a
bowson. Wee wrought him out and killed him, Assheton Journal
(1617) 18. Chs. Amt. 6. pd. for two bosants' heads, Aec. Slorkporl
Prsh. Chwardens (1716); Chs.>23 Der.' Obs.; Der.2, nw.Der.'
Cor.2 Also called Brock and Gr.iy, MS. add.
2. An over-corpulent person; a term of opprobrium.
w.Yks.a Chs.i Tha gi eat bawson thee! War.* Shr.i Whad
a great bauson 'e's grown.
BAUSON
[192]
BAVISH
3. An ugly person, a fright ; any ugly thing.
w.Yks. iis. N. If Q. (1888) ii. 14; w.Yks.^ You do look a
bawson. Tliah'U meet a bawson [goblin]. What a bawson you've
made of it.
4. A clamorous, noisy, empty-headed person.
w.Yks. ScATCHERD Hii,t. Moiliy (1830! 168, ed. 1874; Diet, of
Bailey Dial. (,i06o) 4 ; w.Yks.i ; w.Yks.5 What's tuh clam'ring at
thah gurt bawason !
[1. Bawsin, a badger, Ash (1795) ; A bawsin, ia.xus,
ftteles, Coles (1679); Taissoit, a gray, brock, badger,
bauson . . . blaireaii, a boason ; . . . Bedone, a bason,
badger, Cotgr. ; Bawsone or a gray, ta.xits, Prompt. ;
Bores, boles, and baucynes, IViu. of Pal. (c. 1350) 2299,
2. A great bawsin, veiitrosiis, Robertson P/iras. (1693).
Repr. OFr. baiiceiic (pi. baiii;aiis), white-spotted (of a
horse), cogn. w. It. balzdno (mod. Fr. fafea;?), a horse with
white feet; see Hatzfeld, Littre (s.v. Balzan). The
badger takes this name from the white mark on its face.
See Bausond, mij.]
BAUSON, aiij. Lan. Chs. Stf Der. Lin. Shr. Also
written bawsin Chs.^^ ; bawson Chs.'=^ s.Chs.^ [b^'san.]
1. Big, fat, unwieldy, swollen; also useAfg.
Lan. Eliud went an stabt a grete fat baws'n king, Walker
PUbiiau PoliliisJi^gS) 31. Chs.' He towd me a bawson lee;
Chs. 2^ s.Chs.' U bau-sn swej'il uv u wiim-iin [a bawson swedgel
of a woman]. Stf.^ 'er's a greet fat bors'n wumman, an 'er was
daiicin' about loike a young wench. nw.Der.' sw.Lin.' The old
man's gotten quite bauson. A bauson pig. Shr. BovfiD Pivv. (1876) ;
Shr.2 Applied to a hog or sow when their bag or belly hangs down,
none of the accustomed operations of the knife having been per-
formed on the former.
2. Coiiip. Bauson-faced, fat-faced.
s.CUs.i
[Bawsin, big, gross, Bailey (1721) ; so Coles (1677) ;
Bawsin, magmts, grandis, Skinner (1671) Xxxx. 2. The
same as Bawson, sb.'\
BAUSOND, adj. Sc. Dur. Lan. Chs. .Also written
baisoned Sc; bassand (Jam.); bawsand (Jam.) Dur.';
bawsant Lan.' ; bawsint (Jam.) ; bawsont Chs.^
[ba sand, bgsand, bi'sand.]
1 Of animals : having a white spot or streak on the face.
Cf bald.
Sc. The stirk stands in the tether, And our braw bawsint yade
Will carry ye hame your corn, Baillie IVoo'd and Alarried and a'
(Mackay). Per. (G.W.) Ayr. His honest sonsie baws'nt face,
Burns Twa Dogs (1786) st. 5; Your bausent cout, your quey, an
rigget cow, Seli.ar Poems (1789) 118. Lnk. Ye said your crum-
mock and her bassen'd quey, Ramsay Gentle S/iep. (1725) 39, ed.
1783. Bwk. (A.W.) Dmf. I'd rather he'd gien him the bausand
cow, Cromek Nithsdale Sng. (1810) 77. GalL That horse ye ride
. . . cam' frae aff the Border side. I ken the breed by the bonny
baisoned face o' him, Crockett Raideis (1894) xxxi. Kcb. Speer
gin they had seen his bawsant ram, Davidson Seasons (1789J 99.
Lan.i, Chs.3
2. Cuiiip. Bausand-faced, streaked with white on the
face.
Sc. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Ye might try it on the bauson-
faced year-auld quey, Scoit Midlothian (1818') xxviii. Dur,'
[A bawsonde curtail nagge, Wills N.C. (1549', ed. 1835,
131 (N.E.D.) ; A hors . . . With bawsand face, Douglas
Aen. (1513), ed. 1874, 11. 257. OFr. bausaiii. See Bauson, sb.]
BAUSY, sb. and adj. Sc. Also Wil. Also written
bawsy, borsy, bozzy Wil'
1. sb. A big, fat person or animal.
n.Sc. Sic a bausy o' a wife's he's mairriet! She'll fill's oxter
(W.G.).
2. adj. Large, corpulent, coarse.
n.Sc. Applied commonly to human beings, in preference to
woman, as, ' That's a fell bausy dehm [dame] it he's gotten for a
kitchie [kitchen] lass.' Applied to animals, as, ' A big bausy cat
wiz sittin o' tlie aul wife's knee' iW.G.).
3. CoDip. Bawsy.faced. Of cloth : having a coarse sur-
face or 'finish.'
Wil.' Bozzy-faced cloth bain't good enough vor I.
[And bawsy hands to ber a barrow, Dunisar Maitland
Poems, no (Jam.). Pcrh. cogn. w. bawsin, see Bauson, ot^.
For change ol sufl'. cp. haiighly and OFr. luuilaiit.]
BAUTER, see Baiter.
BAUTIE, adj. Cld. (Jam.) [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] Guileful.
[Prob. the same as baivty (a hare), q.v.]
BAUTIN, see Boltin.
BAVER, see Bever.
BAVIN, sb.^ Yks. Lei. Nhp. War. Glo. Brks. Hrt. Nrf.
Suf Ess. Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp. LW. Wil. Dor. Also
written baven Nrf.' Ken.' Dor.': bauen Ess.; bavon
Glo.' Ken. Sus.; bavine LW."^ ; bavvin, beuving
n.Yks.'^ [baevin, ba'vin.]
1. A bundle of brushwood used for fuel, or in fencing,
draining, &c. ; a faggot ; a log.
n.Yks.2 Stout branches sawn into lengths before being cut into
short clumps for firewood. Lei.' A faggot of brushwood with
three bands used for the draining of land. Nhp.' A bavin tied
with two bands is a hedge-cutter's perquisite, in contradistinction
to a kid. which has only one band, and is consequently smaller;
Nhp.2 Glo. Morton Cytlo. Agyir. (18631; Glo.' Brks. (Coll.
L. L.B.I; Gl. (1852); Brks.' A bavin differs from a faggot in
having the brushwood of much smaller description. Bavins are
used principally for burning in kilns, and for lighting kitchen
fires, Hrt. Bavins and faggots, Ellis Mod. Hiisb. VII. ii.
98. e.An. Brush-faggots, with the brushwood at length, Ray
' 1691") ; e.An.', Nrf.' Suf. Rainbird Agric. (1819") 288, cd. 1849 ;
MennoN Cyclo. Agrie. (18631. Ess. In stacking of bauen, and piling
of logs. Make vnder thy bauen a houcll for hogs. Tusser Hits-
bandiie (1580) 133, st. 33. Ken. Lewis /. Tenet JVds. (1736)51 ;
Grose (1790) ; I'he faggots or bavins are made into lengths of
five feet, Marshall Reviezv Agric. (1817) V. 430 ; 'This Bavin will
be found only to contain a little of the spray-wood carelessly
pilfered from about the precincts of Parnassus,' from A Bavin of
Bays {i'}62), N. & Q. ( 18601 2nd S. ix. no; The cry of ' bavins !
bavins ! ' . . . is familiar to the frequenters of the Isle of Thanet,
ib. 471; In some parts ' baven ' means a large faggot made of
stoutish wood (P.M.i; Ken.'^ A fagot of brushwood bound
with only one wiff. Sur.' A kind of faggot such as bakers use ;
it dilToi's from a spray-faggot in that all the rough ends are cut off
or tucked in, and that it is more neatly dressed, Sus. De fellur
as bed de pumpkin ketched he's fut in a liddle pet full ov bavins
wud an ammut caste, Jackson Southward Ho! (1894'! I. 433;
(F.E.); Sus.' e.Hmp. A bundle of pea-sticks (W.M.E.F.).
s.Hmp. Help me drag in these bavins, Verney L. Lisle (1870) xiii.
Hmp.' Not a faggot, only a bavin. The word faggot is unknown
in uHmp. , all bundles of lop or underwood being called
bavins. I.W.' Faggots made of large branches ; I.W.^ WiL
Britton Beauties { 1825) ; The woodman had been cutting brush-
wood, and had laid the bavins and faggots in separate heaps,
KiiNNAnn Diog. Sandals ( 1893") vi ; (K.) n.WiL A long faggot of
thorns or bough wood tied with two withs, and used for fencing
the sides of a yard or skillin (E. H.G.). Wil.' Dor.'- Holes var
rails, An' bavins wi' ther bushy tails, 255.
2. Brushwood, lappings of trees and hedges.
War. Wise Shakespeare ^1861) 150. e.An., s.Cy. Ray (1691).
3. Cotitp. (i) Bavin-lodge, a shed for cattle, the sides of
which are formed of bavins; (2) -tug, a wagon on which
faggots are carried ; (3) -wood, brushwood ready to be
made into bavins.
Ken. (O (,P.M.) (2) Carriages called bavin-tugs are chiefly used for
faggots, Marshall Review ( 1817) V. 436. (3I Lei.' Where crackles
bavin-wood or kindly beech, Woty Poems (^1770) 116.
[Bavin, a brush faggot, a stick like those bound up in
a faggot, a piece of waste wood, Ash (1795); Bavins,
brush-faggots, Bailey (1721); Baven, Virgnlta, ciemia,
'i.e. Arbores minores quaruin solus usus est ad focuni,'
Skinner (1671) ; Foiiace, a great kid, baven, or faggot of
small sticks, Cotgr. ; Bauen, great fagottes, faitllonrde,
Palsgr. (1530).]
BAVIN, sb.'^ Ircl. [ba'vin.] A sea fish, the ballen
wrasse, Labriis maciilatiis.
Ant. Several species of the Wrasses or Rock fish Labridae,
locally called Bavin, are found here in localities suitable to their
habits, Patterson Birds. Fishes, &--e. of Belfast Lough (i88i 1 245.
N.I.' Fishermen esteem it of very little account, and generally use
It to bait their lobster-pots with. It is also called Morrian, Murran-
roc, and Greg.ah.
BAVISH, V. Obs. e.An.' [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] To drive away.
BAVON
[193]
BAWK
BAVON, see Bavin.
BAW, sec Bawl, Bo.
BAWATY.sA. Obs. n.Cy.Yks. Also written bowety,
bawaty. Linsej'-vvoolscy.
N.Cy.2 Yks. Bawcty is a mixture of linnen and woolen (K.\
BAWB, V. Bvvk. [b^b.] To fish for salmon with a
bob-net.
Bwk. In fairly common use (R. O.H.I.
Hence Bawber, one who fishes with a bob-net (now
no longer legally used), a salmon-poacher.
Bwk. Heslop Gi. ; Fifty years ago the term would convey no
reproach, as the use of the bob-net was not then interfered with
(W.H.H.).
BAWBEE.s*. Sc.Irel. n.Cy.Yks. Lei. (.') Also written
baubee Sc. Irel. [babi, bo'bi.]
1. A halfpenny ; orig. a Scotch coin equal in value to an
English halfpenny.
Sc. Grose (1790) MS. arid. (C.) ; There's mony o' them wadna
mind a bawbee the weising a ball through the Prince himsel, an the
Chief gae them the wink, Scott IVaverley (1814) Iviii ; It wadna
be creditable for me . . . to be fishing for bawbees out at the jail
window wi' the fit o' a stocl<ing and a string, ib. Antiquary (i8i6~i
xxxvii ; Better for her to hae been born a cripple and carried frae
door to door begging bawbees, I'i. Midtothimi (1818) ix ; I fled
from the eldritch creature, casting her a baubee, .Stevenson Cairiona
(iSgaiiii; To gather in The bawbees, Allan Z.i'//s (1874") 7. ne.Sc.
He wud hae been better in's grave, an' his bawbees in their pooch,
Grant A'crf/f/oii, 39. Sc. I know the price tae a bawbee, Tweed-
dale jl/i<^ 1^1896) 35. Abd. We gave our bawbees, Alexander
JoUntiv Gihh (i87i> 11 ; But did yc no get some bawbees wi' ver
wife ? Smiles Sc. Natiir. (1876) ix. Frf. Three bawbees the j'ard at
Kyowowy's shop, Barrie Minister (1891) xv. Per. I hear ye'rc
githering the bawbees thegither as usual, Ian Maclaren Aittti
/-ling Sync (,18951 17. Fif. Little urchins with bawbees to spend,
Macdonald Alec Forbes (,1876) 23 ; Ye were aye ower miserly to
e'en waste a bawbee on . . . trash, M'Laren 7"i64/<'(i894~i 38. Ayr.
I'll gie John Ross another bawbee To boat me o'er to Charlie,
Burns Come Boat Me, st i ; Ye'll hae uae chance to get either plack
or bawbee frae me a' your days, Galt Sir Andrew 118211 x;
Doing with their bawbees and pennies what the great do with
their pounds, lA. ./};i;ia/s (1821) xlvii. Lnk. Tak' care o' your baw-
bees, bairns, when ye gang to the fair, Fraser IVIiaiips (18951 i.
e.Lth. An' there's me wi' a muckle bucht-seat o' my ain in the
pairish kirk, an' no' a bawbee to pay for't, Hunter /. Inwick
(1895) 15 Edb. To lay by a whecn bawbees for a sore head or the
frailties of old age, MoiR Mansie Waiich ( 1828) xxv. Bwk. You're
like a Lauderdale bawbee, As bad as bad can be, Henderson Po/>.
Rhymes (1856) 33. Gall. There, guidman o' Airieland, is a bawbee
to pay for the girse, Crockett Raiders (1894') xviii. Ir. Before it
came nothing went well with him. he never c^uld make a bauber,
Flk-Lore Rec. (1881) IV. 113;! wasn't to get a ha'penny for it at all,
och no ! not a brass bawbee, Barlow Kerrigan {1894I 43 ; But
'twas all tatters at the bottom, not worth a bawbee to mine, ih.
Liseonnel ,iS<)5) 65. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Col/. L.L.B.) w.Yks.5 I
aant a bawbee abart muh, soa ah can't gi'e thuh nowt. ' Nut worth
a bawbee ! ' is a phr. of constant recurrence. Ittaks a good deal o'
pity to weigh darn a bawbee. Lei.' Cant. Life B. M. Cartiv
(1 791) Gl.
2. Used attnb. as in (1) Bawbee-dragon, a boy's cheap
paper kite ; (2) -elder, an elder of the church who merely
collects the oflertory ; (3) -jo, a lover hired for a bawbee;
(4) -kirk, name given to the Free Church ; (5) -row, a half-
penny roll ; (6) -whistle, a halfpenny whistle.
Lth. (1I Whyles fleein' high, wi'pridefu'skill. My bawbee dragon
on the Hill. Smith ./l/cov /JnV/n/ (1866 35. (aMA.W.) (3)80.
Cleikin up wi' baubee joes, Stevenson Cairiona 11892) i; The
custom referred to is that girls who cannot get 3'oung men to walk
out with them for love pay them to do so — a shilling a trip for a
civilian and two sliillings for a solilier. I have never heard of this
custom in Scotland (.W.G.'i. (4! Frf. The Free [Church], which
has been called the bawbee kirk, because so many halfpennies
find their way into the plate. Bakrie Lielit 18881 64. 15) Sc.
They may bide in her shop-window wi' the snaps and b,awlice
rows till Beltane, Scott lionan 1824) ii. (6) Lnk. Deugs of
velvet ; chips of christal, A facon's bell or baubee whistle, Ramsay
Pofwjs (1727) 142, ed. 1733.
[Baubee (used in Sc. and n.Cy.), a halfpenny, a farthing,
Ash (1795I ; A baubee (farthing), qiiadrans, Coles (1679I ;
Baubyes 2 to one penny English, Brereton Trav. (1635),
VOL. I.
ed. 1844, 188 (Chct. Soc.) ; With us thare did not remanc
the valow of a babic, Knox I list. Ref. (c. 1572) 151 (Jam ) ;
The cause of thir bawbeis cunyeing was the warres that
schortlie bcgowde bctuixt ws and Ingland, Hopeloun MS.
1 1542) in Coinage of Scotland, 96 (N.E.D.).]
BAWBELL, sb. w.Yks. A fiamc, a blaze.
w.Yks. Only used in Wilsden by elderly persons when speaking
to children. It is dark ! Ah'll mak' a bawbell. Moan't touch it ;
t'bawbell burns, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Aug. 15, 1891) ; Baubil, Hl/x.
BA-WCOCK. sb. Yks. Lin. [bokok.]
1. A semi-mocking term of endearment.
w.Yks. If onybody's to handle Mark Nelson's money, it shall be
thee, my baw-cock, Snowden Wib oj Wtavtr (1896) xiv.
2. A foolish person.
n.Lin.i
[Bawcock (a word used only in very familiar style), a
fine fellow, Ash (i795t ; Good bawcock, bate thy riige,
Shaks. Hen. V, in. li. 25. Fr. beau coq, ' fine cock.' For
baiv= Fr. bean cp. the form baivshere (= beau sire) in
Toivnelev Mvst. 69.]
BA-WCON, see Barken.
BA-WD, .sA.> Sc. Der. Not. [bad, b9d.] A hare. See
Bawty.
Bch. I saw (and shame it wis to sec) You rin awa' like bawds,
Poems in Biichan Dial. (1785I 23 iJam.). Der. As soon as he
spied the bawd and bacon, Jewett Ballads (1867 127. Not Not
uncommon in country places F.E.B.).
[Shaks. plays upon this sense of 'bawd' in /?. Sr" J.
II. iv. 135 : Mer. A bawd, a bawd, a bawd ! So ho \—Roi'n.
What hast thou found .' — Mer. No hare, sir.]
BA'WD, sZ-.= and v. Glo. Also written bad Glo.>
1. sb. Sticky dirt, as black cart-grease ; also known as
Dodman.
Glo. iS.S.B.); Glo.i
2. V. To soil, to make dirty.
Glo. (S.S.B.) ; Glo.' The grass is that bathy as it bawds the
scythe.
[2. Her shone smered wyth talowe Gresed vpon dyrt
That baudeth her skyrt, Skflion Elynour Runtmyng
(c. 1525) in U'ks., ed. Dycc, L 98.]
BA'WDA, see Balder.
BA'WDLE, sec Bodle.
BA"WDWONEY, sec Baldmoney.
BA'WDRONS, see Baudrons.
BA'WDYKITE, see Bowdykite.
BA'WF, M; Yks. Also written bauf n.Yks.* m.Yks.i
[bof.]
1. Well-grown, robust, fine, stout.
n.Yks.'; n.Yks.^ A brave bauf bairn. e.Yks.' My eye! disn't
he begin ti loeak bawf I m.Yks.'
2. Comp. Bawf-faced, fat-faced, ruddy.
n.Yks.2
BAWGIE, see BAA GIE.
BA'WK, V. Yks. Lan. Chs. [b^k, boak.] Gen. with
prep, out : to cry out, shout.
w.Yks. They screw'd an' puU'd, an' t'parson bawk't aght, ToM
Theuim.eiiovle Jiairnsla Ann. (1847) 41 ; When t'train stops at a
stashan at which yo arrant goin ta get aht, doant put ycr head aht
a t'winda an bawk aht. yer soft. ih. 1 1861) 8; Fowks doin nowt
but hoppin abaht wi crutches, an goin dubblefowd wi pain i' thcr
back, an bawkin aht when they trade on a pebble. Pognwot Olm.
(1868) 23 ; Hey an t'chap at laupt into a coud bath bawkt .iht, Tom
Treddleiiovle Bairnsia Anu.yiBTi'' T, w.Yks.' To speak loudly
and without premeditation, as several persons anxious to prevent an
accident all ' bawk out ' together. Lan. Th' ghost . . . bawked
eawt, jumped reet o'er th' edge, and bowted deawn th' lone,
Mellor Uncle Oiedriu (1865") 6 ; Aw thowt his Iceiting pleck noan
good. So bawkt as Icawd os e'er aw could. Harland U'iUons
U865 51. niLan.' Chs.' A lad stood under th' bridge an' bawked
ait as aw passed, an' th' tit took boggart. s.Chs.' Aar paa rsn
bau-l<s iz woardz aayt sO la.iyd sOmtahymz, yii d thingk' ey.d
rau'm dhu choarch da.Tvn [Ar parson bawks his woards alt sO
laSd sometimes yO'd think hey'd rawm the choarch dain].
[Du. balken, to bawl, shout (Kluwer) ; bakteii, to cry or
bray as an asse (IIkxham).
BAWK, see Balk, Bolk.
c c
BAWKEN
[194]
BAWTY
BAWKEN. s6. Irel. [Not known to our correspondents.]
A soft or innocent youth.
S.Don. SiMMo.NS Gl. 1 1890!.
[Perh. conn. w. balk, vb. 4.]
BAWKER, see Balker, sb}
BAWKIE, sb. Or.I. Also written baukie S. & Ork.^
The Razor Bill, AIca tarda.
Or.I. SwAiNsoN Birds (1885') 217. S. & Ork.i
BAWL, sb. Sc. Irel. Som. Dev. Cor. [bal.] A cry,
noise of talking or weeping, esp. in phr. to hold one's ball
Sc. E'en weans noo, ere they scarce can crawl, Gie vent to tunes,
wi' tiny bawl, Allan Lilts (1874) 43- Ir- Troth, the bawls of his
mother an' sisthers were fit to ha' frighted the best, B.\rlow Bog^-
/a«(/l,i892j 164. w.Som.i Oalddheebaai, ulsaa I mackdhee ! [Stop
thy chatter, or I will make thee]. Kaan spai'k bud uur mus puut
een uur- baal ! [One cannot speak (in reproof) but she must put
in her impertinence]. Kau-m soa'us ! yuur-z moo-ur baa-l-n wuurk,
upuurdeesuyt! [Come mates! here is moretalk than work apretty
sight]. Dev. Tha Pass'n bid min hole ez bal Vur twidd'n be no
yus a tal, Nathan Hogg Poet. Lett. (1847) and S. 47, ed. 1866.
Cor. Hold thy ball, QuiLLER-CoucH //is/. Polperro {i8-]i) 173; Cor.'
BAWL, V. In geii. dial. use. Also written baal Cor. ;
bal Dor.' Cor.'' ; bol Wm. [bal, b9l.]
1. To cry out, scream, weep ; sometimes with prep.
out.
Chs.i Oxf.i Cryin' an' bawlin'. Lev of bawlin' an' I'll giv ee a
\o]]ypop, MS. arid. Cor.GROSE (1790 //S. arfrf (C.l ; Cor.^Balin.
Hence (i) Bawler, sb. a hawker who cries his wares in
the street ; (2) Bawling,///, adj. noisy, screaming.
(i) Lon. The proprietors each employ a special 'bawler,' who,
mounted on a barrow in the roadway, . . . attempts to outbawl his
viva.], Sunday Mag. (1877) 53. Dev.3 'Ot's tha ol' baler crying's
marning! — Aw. zombody'th agot vish tu zili. {a) Dor.' An' balen
merrymen did tumble, 186.
2. To low as a cow.
Wm. T'kye creeanan, t'coves bolan, Clarke Spec. Dial. (1868)
a6, ed. 1872. w.Yks. (C W.H.)
Hence Bawling, f>pl. adj. bellowing, lowing.
Pern. Prov. The bawling cow soonest forgets the calf (E.D.).
3. To read aloud (?).
Sus.i A mother said of a child who did not go to school on
account of illness, ' I keeps him to his book all the same, and his
father likes to hear him bawl a bit in the evening.' [Not known to
our correspondents in this sense.]
4. With prep, off, to scold.
w.Yks. Ta dew owt nobbut bawl us off fur enjoying wersens,
Hartley Clock Aim. (1874) 5.
BAWLEY, sb. Nrf. Ess. Ken. Also written banley
e.An.* ; baully Ken.' [bp li.] A small fishing-smack.
e.An.i Nrf. Cozens-Hardy Broad Nrf. (1893) 77. Ess., Ken.
Brewer (18701. Ken.* Used about the mouth of the Thames and
Medway. Bawleys are ^fx. about 40 ft. in length, 13 ft. beam,
5 ft. draught, and 15 or 20 tons measurement ; they differ in rig
from a cutter, in having no boom to the mainsail, which is conse-
quently easily brailed up when working the trawl nets. They are
half-decked with a wet well to keep fish alive. ' Hawley, Bawley
— Hawley, Bawley, What have you got in your trawley ! ' is
a taunting rhyme to use to a bawley-man.
BAWM, V. Cum. Wm. Chs. [bgm,] To dress up,
adorn.
Cum. Linton Late Cy. (1864) 296. Wm. But naw yee see nea
yan bawnth [sic] ith worsed stockins et can git white yans,
Wheeler /)/rt/. (1790 22. ed. 1821 ; Brockett G/. Chs. May the
lord of the manor who planted it [a hawthorn tree] thrive. May
the wenches who bawm it all speedily wive, Leigh Ballads ^18671
167; Chs.i=3
Hence Bawming, vbl. sb. adorning. In phr. baivming
the thorn, see below. Obs.
Chs. This meirymaking (now discontinued) used to be held
annually on St. Peter's day, Leigh Ballads (1867) 164; Chs.';
Chs.^ At Appleton it was the custom at the time of the wake
to clip and adorn an old hawthorn which till very lately stood in
the middle of the town. This ceremony is called the Bawming of
Appleton Thorn ; Chs.^ The landlord of the Thorn and other
witnesses called it 'Earning [sic] the Thorn.'
[Prob. the same as Balm, v.]
BAWM, see Balm, Barm.
BAWMY, see Barmy.
BAWN, sb. Irel. Also written bawen, bane, [bgn.]
L A court-yard or enclosure for cattle ; a cattle-fold.
Ir. He built some highly superior sheds in the bawn to the
bettering of his cattle's condition. Barlow Liseoii}iel {i8g5 14. Uls.
Ulster Jrn. Arch (1853-1862) VL 126. Wxf. They were obliged
to remove, one to the south fence of the orchard, the other to the
west end of the great bawn, Kennedy Banks Bora (1867) 23.
s.Wxf. ' In with him an them into the bawn, an' now,' sez he, ' milk
them,' Fefiian Nights in Shantroek Mag. (Feb. 3, 1894) 279, col. i ;
I trailed a rose tree our grey bawn o'er, De Vere hinisfail (1863)
65; Six of the twelve. . . enteredin the afternoon the bawn of Father
James Murphy, Kennedy Banks Boro (1867) xxx.
2. Comp. (i) Bawn-ditch ; (2) -gate, the entrance to the
cattle-fold.
(i) Ir. The woman was on the bawn-ditch, Yeats Flk. Tales
(1888) 231. Wxf. Getting on the bawn ditch to spy, Kennedy
Evenings Diiffrey (1869) 41. (2) Ir. And he was driving them out
at the bawn gate, Kennedy Fireside Stories (1870; 11.
3. The fortified enclosure or yard built round a castle
or country-house, orig. as a defence for cattle against
marauders.
Ir. The nobleman put him into a cellar, where was a grate, and
without a baune with an high wale, Paddiana (1848J II 254 ; And
saw at dawn the lofty bawn Of Castle-Connor fade, Campbell
O'Connor's Child in A'. iSr' Q. (1850) ist S. ii. 94 ; Holding ' in
capite' from the king, with the condition that he builds a strong castle
and a bawn. Lever D. Diiim (ed. 1872 Ixxix. Uls. A bawn . . .
a kind of court-yard which might be used on emergency as a
fortification for defence. They were constructed either of lime
and stone, of stone and clay, or of sods, and twelve to fourteen
feet high, and sometimes enclosing a dwelling-house, and with the
addition of 'flankers,' Macnevin Con/isc. of Vis. [18^6) 171, in
N. ir' Q. { 1850 1 1st S. ii. 27. sJr. Before the practice of housing
cattle had become general, every country gentleman's house had
its bawn or bane, N. & Q. { 1850) 1st S. ii. 60. Wxf.'
4. Land that has been long in grass.
Mun. N. & Q. (1850) ist S. ii. 60.
[1. These rounde hills and square bawnes, which ye
see soe strongly trenched and throwen up, Spenser State
Ireland (1^^), ed. Morris, 642. Ir. ' bdbhiin, an enclosure
for cattle' (O'Reilly) ; Gael, 'bdbhtinn, a bulwark, rampart,
tower, enclosure, a fold where cattle are milked' (Macleod
& Uewar) ; MIr. bddhiin, fr. bo (a cow) and diin (a fortress),
see Macbain.]
BAWND, see Bown.
BAWSAND, see Bausond.
BAWSEN, see Bussen.
BAWSEY FERN, sb. Nrf. The crested fern, Laslrea
cristata. So called from its growth at Bawsey.
BAWSY, 5^. Sc. Also written bassie.
1. A horse or cow having a white strip or patch on the
face (Jam. Sitppl.). See Bald, Bausond.
2. An old horse. See Bausy, sb.
Sc. Some bassies niest are pitched upon to ren a race, Liddle
Poems (18211 43 ; Used as a familiar name for an old horse, a
douce canny old beast Jam. Siippl.) ; Morton Cyilo.Agric.{i863'i.
Bwk. The Howdie on the auld grey mare. Will never live till
she come here ; She'll perish sure on bassie's back, Henderson
Pop. /Rhymes '18561 165. Kcb. The harrows yok'd and now,
BawS3', reluctant, tears the brechan roots Harsh, spaul frae
spaul, and shuts the sawing scene, Davidson Seasons (1789I 8.
BA WSYN, see Bauson.
BAWTRY, adj. Lan. [bgtri ] Dirty, dauby. See
Bawd, sb.^
s.Lan. Bamford Dial. fiSso^ G!.; In common use fS.W.V
BAWTRY-SALAD,56. Lin. The weeds which come
down the river Trent in summer time, when the drains
and ditches which communicate with it in the earlier part
of its course are being cleansed.
Lin. Bawtry is the principal town on the Idle. When the weeds
are cut in the Idle they are carried down to the Trent by the
current, and cause much inconvenience to the fishermen, by
fouling their nets. This term is only used in the lower Trent
district (A, A.). n.Lin.'
BAWTY, sb. Sc. Cum. Also written bawtie.
1. A dog.
Sc. Bourd not with bawty, fear lest he bite you, Ray Prov.
(1678J 363; Whenever our bawty does bark Then fast to the
BAXEN
[195]
BAY
dcor I rin, Herd's Coll. (1776) II. 83 (Jam.); Gen. term for a
niastif or house-dog, Grose (1790) MS. add. {C.) ; Dalrymtle
Gl. (c. 1800}. Ayr. The Spanish empire's tint a head An' my
teethless Bawtic's dead, Burns £/i^^' OH Ylar{l^8g 1. 10. Bwk.
Bawtie is well known to be a sort of generic name for a colly or
shepherd's dog among the peasantry, Henderson Pop. Rhymes
(1856I 4. Cum,' A dog having a white face is so called.
2. A hare.
Sc. Some distance off where plantins grow . . . There Bawty
hopes to hide her pou, A. Scorr Poems ^1805) 77. Rxb. (Jam.)
s. V. Batie.
[1. Bavvte (Bawtie, ed. 1871), the kingis best belouit
dog, Lyndesay Complaint (c. 1536), in II ks. (E.E.T.S. 47)
566. OFr. baud, ' chien courant, originaire de Barbaric '
(IIatzfeld). Cp. CoTGR. (s.v. Soiiillard) : The Bauds,
white and excellent hounds. i?rt«s . . . 'pour ce qu'ilz
sont baus et bons et sages pour le cerf ' iMS. in La Curne,
s.v. Baud). The same as OFr. baud, gay, proud. Of
Germ, origin; cp. OHG. i«/(i'; 0¥.. bcald (ho\d].]
BAXEN, sb.pl. }Obs. s.Pem. Stockings.
s.Pem. Pull off irwar baxen, I wants to mend am a bit
(■W.M.M.X
[Apparently conn. w. Fr. has, pi. (stockings), whence
Du. ' basen, nether-stockins ' (Hexham). Cp. the Bcarnais
forms, baxar (for baisser], bai.xs (for bas, low) (Lespy).]
BAXSTONE. BAXTAN, see Backstone.
BAXTER, s6. Sc. Nhb. Yks. [ba'kstsr.]
1. A baker ; also occas. a female baker. See also Back-
ster, Bakester.
Sc. Ye breed of thebaxters,yelooyour neighbour's browst better
than your ain batch, Ramsay Prov. (17371 80, ed. 1776 iJam.);
Scotic. (1787) 13; Monthly Mag. 1 17981 II. 436; But what need
he dun us for it, man, like a baxter at the breaking ? Scott Nigel
(1822, v; Cunning baxters. excellent cooks, ib. ll'aveyley (1814'j
xxiv. Abd. A basket fu' o' cakes -Nae like the bits thebaxterbakes,
Beatties Paiiiigs 1 1801 11. ed. 1873. Fif. The bluidy butchers,
and the baxters, Had chappin'-knivesbeneath their oxters, Tennant
Papi&iiy { 1827 I 54. Ayr. The baxter in wliose shop we saw her
Majesty. Galt /.fjfrt/ffSi 1820 viii. Khb.' n.Yks. Betty Husband
was a baxter (I.W.) ; n.Yks.^ A baxter's stand, a bread-stall.
ui.Yks.i
2. Coinp. Baxter-chap, a baker's boy or apprentice.
Fif. Hurlbarrows, fillet to their taps 'Wi' saxpence laifs, and cakes,
and baps, Were haurlit down by baxter-chaps, Tennant Papistry
(1827) 114.
BAXTON(E, see Backstone.
BAXUP, see Back, 56.' 8.
BAY, si.' Ircl. Yks. Chs. Dcr. Lei. Nhp. War. Shr.
Ilrf. Bdf. Hrt. Nrf. Suf Ess. Ken. Sun Sus. Hmp. Wil.
Som. Also written bee s.Chs.' [be, bea.]
1. A division or space in a building between two main
beams ; geit. applied to a barn or farm-building.
n.Ir. The bay is the distance or space from one ' couple ' to
another. A house with one ' couple ' would have two bays.
These bays seem only to mark the divisions of the roof, not
ncces!!arily the ground space (A.J.I. ). w.Yks. A row of cottages,
having five rooms to the front, is said to be of five ba3S, or five
bay, for the word does not appear to be used in the plural. So
a barn, of which the roof is divided by the main crossbeams into
five portions, is said to be of five bay, lll/.v ll'ds. ; w.Yks.' We say
of anything valuable. ' It's worth a bay of wheat.' nw.Der.' Lei.'
Thevicai'age house, consisting of five hayes. and abarn of five ba3'es,
a stable, and two other little bayes of building, Teniei 0/ C/aybi not
(1638 I. Nhp.' A barn is said to consist of so many bays according
to the number of beams ; each is termed a ten, fifteen, or twenty
feet bay in accordance with the space between each beam, and the
quantity of wheat lying on one side of a barn, or more correctly
between the main beams, is designated a bay of wheat ; Nhp.*
War.^ Quite common. e.An.' We speak of a barn, or a cart-lodge,
of so many bays. Suf. (C.T.), Suf.', Su,.' Su5., Hmp. Holloway.
Wil.' w.Som.' If an old roof required new covering in uncertain
weather, it would be usual to give orders only to strip one bay at
a time. It would gen, be about ten feet wide, but depending upon
the construction of the roof. Wee aan uguut uunee bud waun
bai- u raefturz vur tu fiineesh [we have only got one bay of
rafters to finish].
2. The space between the threshing-floor and the end
of a barn, in which corn or straw is stored.
w.Yks.' That part of a barn in which corn or straw is stored.
Chs.' The old-fashioned barn consisted of a threshing floor, or barn
proper, in the middle, which was flagged, sometimes boarded, and
in a few of the very oldest buildings, made of a calcareous clay,
which was burnt and hardened into a kind of cement. On one
or both sides of the threshing floor was a bay for storing corn in
the sheaf. The bays were separated from the threshing floor by
a low wall, but were otherwise open to the barn. There are
plenty still in existence ; Chs.* A division, like a barn, only open
partially on two, three, or all sides, with a slate roof, where hay
is placed instead of being stacked in a hay rick. It is something
synonymous with balks, except that in the latter case the hay is
completely under cover. s.Chs.' A compartment communicating
with a barn by means of a large square opening in the wall. Der.*
nw.Der.' That portion of many barns on one side of the thrash-
ing floor, extending from the floor to the roof, as distinguished
from the bawks on the other side which is the space over the
shippcns or cow-houses. Shr. The air penetrates through all
parts of a bay surrounded with boards, Marshall Peinew < 1818)
II. 238; Shr.', Hrf ' Bdf. A bay of corn, a part railed off from
barton, Batcuelor Anal. Etig. Lang. 1 i8o9\ Hit. He had but
half a bay of wheat, Ellis Alod. Hush. (1750"! V. i. Nrf., Suf.,
Ess. Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863). Sat Raikbihd Agiie. (1819)
288, ed. 1849. Ken. In the old-fashioned barns the middle is divided
from either side by boarded partitions about four feet high; these sides
so boarded off are termed bays (P.M. ^. Sur.', Hmp. J.R.W.i,
Hmp.' w.Som.' That part of a barn which is ^r»/. on each side of
the thrashing-floor; in this sense, no doubt, the space partitioned
off by the floor partakes of the nature of a recess. The word is
used to express the entire space on either side of the floor.
3. Conip. Bay-boards, (i) the boards which partition off
the middle of the barn from the bays ; (2) the boards
which fit into the space between the doors of a barn and
the ground ; (3) boards in an oast kiln to prevent the
hops falling out when the door is opened.
(i : Ken. In some places the boards which cover the space
between the bottom of the barn-door and the ground are called
rack-boards, while the term bay-boards is confined to the boards
which partition off the middle of the barn from the bays (P.M.).
(a) Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.' The large folding doors of a barn do not
reach to the ground and the intervening space is closed b}' four or
five moveable boards which fit in a groove — these are called bay-
boards. (3I Ken. At the entrance to an oast kiln on the inner side
of the door there is a board about 2 ft. high — detachable, sliding in
grooves, to prevent the hops falling out when the door is opened;
this is called the bay boards (P. M.\
4. One of the rooms of a cottage or one-storied house.
N.I.', w.Yks.*
[1. A bay of building, tnensura viginii quatuor pedum.
Coles (1679) ; Travcc, a bay of building: the space and
length between the main beams of a room or between
two beams, Cotcr. Fr. bate, OFr. haee, ' ouverture bcante '
(Hatzfeldi.]
BAY, 56.* and v} Ken. Sur. Sus. I.W. Wil. Dor. Som.
Dcv. [be, bea.]
1. sb. A dam or bank across a stream to keep back the
water ; also the pool itself.
Ken. (P.M.) Sur.' A pond-head, where the water is kept up to
driveamill.orforornamental purposes. Sus.', I.W. ' n.Wil.These
I jacks] will leap a bay or dam if it interrupts their voyaging down
the stream. I have seen a ^-oung jack, about a foot long, leap over a
bay, and fall three or four feet on to the stony floor below. Jefeekies
//;/</ Li/- (1879 1 355. Wil.' Dor. Barnes Gl. ,1863. w.Som.'
Never applied to the water itself. In mixing mortar, it is usual to
make a circular bay of sand to retain the water poured on the lime.
A very common method of fish-poaching is to make a bay, at a dry
season, so as to divert the stream from a pool or a hole, and then
to dip out all the water in the pcol, of couree catching all the fish.
Dev. The stream falls over its rocky ledges into deep • bays.' where
the clear brown water, after eddying round and round as if seeking
an outlet, checks its speed for a moment. Pace E.xplor. Drim.
1 1889 xii.
2. V. To dam or keep back water ; geii. used with
back.
Ken. P M.^, Sur.', Wil.' w.Som.' To bay back the water, is one
of the commonest of phrases. The wind bayed back the tide. Mr.
Baker 've a bayed back the water eens alio' it urnth down his ditch,
and we 'ant a got a drop vor the stock to drink. Dev. The water
was 3 feet in half an liuur. and now you would have to b.iy back
the stream 10 gel a bucket-full. Peports Proainc. 1881 8.
[Bay, a dam to keep up water, Ash (1795) ; A bay (dam),
c c 2
BAY
L196]
BAZIL
pila, ttwles, Coles (1679) ; Moile, a dam or bay of planks
whereby the force of water is broken, Cotgr. ; Baye or
penne is a pond-head made up of a great height to keep
in a great quantity or store of water; this word is men-
tioned in the statute 27 Eliz. cap. 19, Covvell Iiiterp. (ed.
1637) ; Bay, obstacidum. Prompt.]
BAY, sb.^ Nrf. Suf. [be.] A squirrel's nest. Cf.
dray.
e.An.1, Nrf.i Suf. N. & Q. (1852) 1st S. v. 67 ; White Selboriie
(1788) 286, ed. 1853 ; Suf.i
BAY, sb-* Som. Dev. [be.] The second branch of a
stag's horn.
w.Som.i n.Dev. Close to the head a point springs from the
beam and is curved upwards : this is called the brow-point. Just
over it a second starts, in shape resembling the first, but not so
long or large : this is called the bay, JefferiesT?^^ Dfer{i88.\) iv.
[Abbrev. for bay-aiiller. Sureiidoml/tT, tlie be-anc!er
of a buck, the second branch on either of their heads,
Cotgr. The prefixed bay, be- repr. Fr. be-, bes-, Lat. bis.
The form with bes- is found : Bez-antler, the second
branch of a stag's horn next above the brow-antler,
Phillips (1706).]
BAY, v.^ and sb.^ Sc. Also Som. Dev. [be.]
I. 1. V. Of stag or bloodhounds ; to utter a long, deep
howl.
w.Sora.^
2. To assail with barking.
w.Som.' Hounds are said to bay a deer when they surround
him in some spot where they cannot get at him, but keep baying
at him. ' Here the pack bayed him on a rock for an hour, and in
attempting to turn round he fell, and the hounds closed on him,'
Rec. 11. Dev. Siagliomtds, 41. 'We see below us our quarry, . . .
standing proudly on a rock surrounded by the flowing tide.
. . . The hounds bay him from the land,' Collyns, 143.
3. sb. The long, deep howl of hounds when hunting.
■w.Som.^ Of staghounds a man would say : Aay 3'uurd dliu bai-
oa-m [I heard their bay]. Dev. Soon would burst on his ear
that loud and welcome chorus called the * ba3-,' Whyte-Melville
Katerfello ^,^&^$) xxiii.
4. In phr. to break bay, of a stag : to get away after being
brought to bay.
Dev. There's a time for a deer to move, ... a time for 'iin to
stand at bay, and a time for 'un to break the bay, Whyte-
Melville Katerfello 1 1875 ; xxv.
II. 1. V. To raise the voice loudly, gen. in weeping.
Bnff.* The muckle bairnly breet o' a loon began t'bay an' greet
fin's mither geed awa. ' Oot ' is sometimes added. The word
conveys the idea of childishness.
2. sb. The voice raised loudly, gen. used of weeping.
Bnfr.i He ga' a bay nae ordinar, fin he wii ()itten in amo' the
caul' wattir.
Hence (i) Bayan, vbl. sb. the act of raising the voice
loudly ; (2) Bayin, ppl. adj. having the habit of raising
the voice loudly.
Bntf.i
[1. The wakefull dogs did never cease to bay, Spenser
F.Q. (1596) I. V. 30; This hounde bayeth at somwhat, ce
chyen aboye a qiielqiie chose, Palsgr. (1530). 2. And by the
way continually they bay ine, As hungrie wolues at
passengers doe howle, Drayton Leg. P. Caiteston (1596),
ed. 1613. Cp. OFr. abater (mod. aboyer), ' donner de la
voi.x ' (Hatzfeld).]
BAY, sb.^ Bnfl'.i [be.] An unseemly mass.
BAY, sb.'' ?Obs. e.Lan.' Baize or coarse woollen
cloth.
[Bay is also a sort of woollen stuff made chiefly in
Colchester, where there is a hall, called the Dutch Bay-
hall, Chambers Cyct. (1727); The Flemish bay and say
makers petitioned to have free trade with London during
the siege 1 1648), Markham Fairfax (1870) 320. Fr. /laie:
'baye, the cloth called bayes' (Cotgr.). Cp. Du. ' baey,
bayes or course-rugged cloath of a small price' (Hexham).]
BAY, sb.^ Nhb. [be.] An imaginary enclosure or
place of safety in outdoor games.
Nhb. Bays are used in three games at least. In Bedstocks (q.v.)
a markcd-off place is called the bay, and into this bay the prisoners
are brought and lodged when captured. One warder on duty can
hold any number of captives provided he retains his foot upon
a stone opposite the bay. In the games of Pie-baal and in Widdy-
widdy-way iq.v. 1 the bay is a place of refuge. The player is
in danger only when outside the bay (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.' Thoo canna
catch me, noo aa's i' the bay.
BAY, v.^ Cum. Wm. [be.] To bend.
N.Cy.' Cum. Lang willy-wands for hoops I 3'ust to bay, Relph
Misc. Poems (1747) 13 ; Gl. 1 1851). Wm. & Cum.i
Hence Bay-ice, sb. ice thin enough to bend.
NCy.i
[To he ich buwe and mine kneon ich beie, Horn. (c.
1250) I. 191 ; jef J5u nult to ure wil buhen and beien,
Juliana (c. 1230) 27. OE. (Anglian) began, to bend ; WS.
biegan (bJgan, bvgan).]
BAYARD, sb. Obs. ? Lin. Som. Slang.
1. A horse of a bay colour.
Lin.' A Baj'ard or bay horse is said to have made an extraordinary
leap over a cross road in this county, a little to the ti. of Ancaster,
and the place is now known .as Bayard's leap. Som. Rav (^1691).
2. In phr. to ride Bayard 0/ ten toes, to go on foot.
Lin.' Slang. (Farmer); The old equivalent of ' Shanks' mare,'
to go on foot. In the old romances Bayard was a celebrated horse,
BarrJtre & Leland.
[1. Bayard (a horse), eqims badiiis, Robertson Phras.
(1693 1 ; Bayar -arde, f ), a bay horse (a bayard), Cotgr.
OFr. bayard, bay-coloured. 2. The walke of the wolull
and his horse, Bayard of ten toes, Breton Good and
Badde (1606) 14 (Farmer).]
BAY-DUCK, sb. Nrf. Suf. The common sheldrake,
Tadorna corniita.
e.An.' From its bright colour, like that of a bay horse. Some-
times the May duck or gargander. Nrf. Swainson Birds (1885)
153 ; Nrf.' Suf.' In some parts of Suf. bordering on Nrf. the
Shell-duck is called Bay-duck.
BAY LAMBS, sb. pi. Yks. The male flowers of
Piinis sylvestris.
BAYLE, see Bale.
BAYNISH, see Bairnish.
BAYS, sb. pi. Nhb. Chs. Lin. Also in form baize
Chs.'^ [bez.] In -phr. to run or play at bays. SeeBay.sA.^
Nhb. 'To play at bays' I understand to mean to play either
at Bedstocks (q.v.), Pie-baal, or Widdy-widdy-way (q.v. ) (R.O.H.).
Chs. To play or run at bayze, is a sport used in this county,
GouGH MS. Chs. 5 ; Chs.' ^ Lin, To play or run at bays, an exercise
used at Boston, Bailey (1721); Bayze vel Bayes, to play or run
at Bayze, vox omnibus nota, quibus fanum Botolphi seu Bostoniura
agri Lincolniensis Emporium notum est. Skinner (1671).
BAYSOM, see Besom.
BAYTHERSHIN, see Baithershin.
BAZE, f.' Obsol. Cum. To prize or lift with a lever
or with bars.
Cum. Git thy hack in aback eh mine an try if thoo can baze't up,
Sargisson Joe Scoafi (i88i) 225 ; Both this word and ' prize ' are
used indiscriminately for raising or moving by force and imple-
ments (E.W.P.) ; Cum.l
BAZE, v.^ N'hb. Cum. Also written baise, baize
Cum. [bez.] To alarm, to puzzle, to bewilder ; used also
in pass, to be at a loss.
N.Cy.', Nhb.' Cum. Tom Ridley was aw baiz'd wi' drinkin,
Anderson Ballads (1808) II. 149, ed. 1820; Gies ty fist, Ellik !
how's tou ? — Wey, aw bais'd, an' bluitert, an' queerish, jb. II. 170.
[Du. basen, to rave (Hexham) ; LG. basen, to be be-
wildered from drink (Bergiiaus) ; MLG. basen, to speak
and behave as a fool (Sciiiller-Lubben).]
BAZELARDE, see Baslard.
BAZIER, sb. Lan. e.An. Dev. Also written baisier
Dev. ; basier Lan.' The auricula. Primula auricula.
See Bear's ear.
Lan. So called in Eccles, Chambers Bk. Days (1869) I. 547 ;
Science Gossip (1875) 238; Lan.' Our flocks they're all folded, and
young lambs sweetly do play. And the basiers are sweet in the
morning of May, May Song in Ballads, 88. Dev. The name is
commonly used, 5ofH« Gossip (1875) 259 ; Reports Proviiic. (1885)
87. n.Dev. An' baisiers too in pours, Rock Jim an Nell iiUb-j)
St. 49.
BAZIL, sb. Sc. A sot, a drunkard. See Bezzle.
Frf. He scorned to soak 'inang weirdlass fellows Wi' menscless
bazils in an alehouse, Beattie Aniha (c. 1820) 18, ed. 1882.
BAZING
L197]
BE
BAZING, see Basing.
BAZON, sec Bysen.
BAZZ, V. and sb. Lan. Clis. War. Shr. Also written
baz, buz s.Ciis.' [baz, basz.J
1. V. To tiirow with force.
s.Lan. (T.R.C ) Chs.' I b.-i2zecl it ,it lilm. s.Clis.' B<iaz' u rotn
tuirrmit ut iz ycd [Baz a rotten turmit at his yeclj. War.
(J.R.W.)
2. To move quickly or energetically, to rush, to dash.
s.Chs. Nai let's baz into the work, an' get it o'er ; s.Chs.' Evri
naay un dhen ey)d stop bi!iin*t tu tairk tu sum tin iz plee'maaruz,
un ahy Ihuvvt \vi)d lost im, tin dhen ey)d kiim biiz'in iip ilgy'en
[Hey'd stop behiiit to talk to some on his picemarrows, an' I thowt
we'd lost him, an' then hey'd come buzzin up again].
3. To thrash, beat.
sXan. (T.R.C.) Shr.i Young chap, I'll baz yore back ifyo binna
sharp.
4. sb. A blow.
s.Lan. I caught him a bazz on the ear (T.R C). s.Chs.' It kiim
upy'cn- dhu doo'ur widh u praafi baaz- [It come agen the door
with a pratty baz].
BAZZ, adv. Lan. [baz.] Suddenly, abruptly.
Lan. Bazz there coom a hondful o' summat i' my face, Staton
liays (c. 1861) no ; To goo bazz reel o'er th' head [into a bath],
ib. Bobbv Shiillle, 3.
BAZZIES, sb. pi. Ken. The flower-heads of bur-
dock, Arctium lappa.
BAZZIL-ARSED, adj. s.Chs.' [bazlast.] With fat
buttocks.
BAZZLE, see Bezzle.
BAZZOCK, V. Yks. Also written bazzack, bazzak,
bazzic, bassock, bassack, basic, [ba'zak, ba'ssk.] To
beat, to thrash soundly.
n.Yks. He was nearly bassockcd to death, Leeds Merc. Sttppi,
(Dec. 20, i8go) ; n.Yks.^ ne.Yks.' Ah bassak'd em in wi' a mell.
e.Yks. And he bazzacked her whahl she was stifV as a stowp,
Nicholson FlkSp. (1889) 40. w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Stippl. (Aug. 15,
1891).
Hence Bazzocking, 7'bl. sb. a thrashing, a beating.
n.YkE.2 A good bazzicking. ne.Yks.' T'grund's that hard thej'
want a \'ast o' bassakin' doon.
BAZZOCKS, sb. pi. Yks. Also in form brazzocks.
Wild mustard, Siiinpis arvensis.
n.Yks. 2 The runch or wild mustard growing among the corn,
BAZZOM, sb. and adj. Dev. Cor. Also written
bassam, bazaam, bazam.
1. sb. Purple heather.
Dev.' The innocent face o' an like bassam, 15. Cor. My arms
here like bazam the rogue have abruised, Tales (1873) 81. w.Cor.
Milk as blue as bazzom (A. L.M.). Cor.'
2. adj. Also Bazzomy. Of a purplish tint, heather-
coloured.
Dev. The human skin is said to be bazzam or bozzomy when it
is discoloured, Pengelly Prov. (1875') 40. Cor. The lady wore
bassomy bows in her cap, ' Q.' IVottg/its and Crosses {i8gi) 19; Cor.';
Cor.^ Mostly used of the skin, face, and especially the lips; Cor.^
In coiiip. Bassomy-red, a reddish-purple colour.
Cor. * Drat the colour!' says ould Menncar, 'I've a-paid my
price, an' I'll ha' the biggest, ef et be bassomy-red,' ' Q.' Troy
Town (1888) xi.
BE, V. [Forms which differ from the lit. E. in pron.
only are^j!^fH. omitted.]
I. Indicative Mood, Present Tense.
1. Simple Affirmative.
Sh.I. Du is ; we, yc, dey er (K.I,). Crm. \Ve wez, Ellis Pron.
(1889) V. 772. Fif. Aa'z (?), ib. 724. s.Sc. Aa ym oraa'm ; hey ys
or hcy's ; wey, yer, thay yr or wey're, &c.. Murray Dial. (1873^1
219. Dmf. I is (occas.), Ellis, 497. Ant. I'um, y'are, we be, the
houses is (,S.A.B.). 'Wxf.' 'Cham. Nhb. Aa is or 's, Ihoo is or 's,
wi ar orwor, yororycr, thor, the hoozes is(R.O.H.) ; At Berwick,
these is. never 'are,' Ellis, 652 ; Nhb.' 'Is't' is used in the strong
affirmative sense. Is't fewer o'clock yit ?— Aj'e is't [yes, indeed it
is]. He bis ne use at aall. Dur. Lewk nut atoppa mah, becouse
a' as black, Moore Sng. Sol. (1859') i. 6. m.Cuni. Ah'z or iz,
thoo'z or iz (JA.) ; Thy brows is like a bit of a pomgranate,
Dickinson Sng. Sol. (1859) vi. 7. s.Cum.Ah is or 's,tlioo is or 's,
t'houses is (J.H.) ; 'Wfir or wis, yfir or j'gs ('W.K.'>. 'Wm. I'se
coed Brigsteer Jonny, Wheeler Dial. (1821) 114 ; Ise reet fain et
sec y.i, Brigcs Remains (1825) i8r ; Wm.' Aa's. n.Yks. Ah'm
or be (R.H.II.) ; Ahz, az, ah iz ; dhooz ; ecz, iz, ce iz ; t'ooziz iz .
(I.W. . ; John's hands is hard, Tweddell CUvel. /iliy>nes(i8T$) 17 ;
n.Yks.' Ah, thou, we, they is ; n.Yks.^ Ise. ne.Yks. Ah's, thoo's,
t'hoosesis (M.C.F.M.). e.Yks. I.thoois, hooscs isl.R.S.) ; e.Yks.'
The word 'am' is unknown in Holderness. 'Is' used indis-
criminately for all three pers. sing. w.Yks. Ai, a, i am, aim, am,
or im ; 61 at. Id at, CSt, tat, or tat ; I iz, a iz, Iz, or az ; SOz or Saz ;
wf, WD aai^r), wl.r), or war) ; jt, jaaa',r), jl r), orja r) ; Sea, Cc.Sa
aa(r), Cea(r), or Sa(r). The above forms of the present arc mostly
used in combination with the pronouns, in other cases we grn.
use iz, az, z, s. Tkoilz iznt dun jat [the coals arc not done yet].
Tladz az or a ban wi ja [the lads are going with you], Wright
Gram. H'ndhU. (1892' 160, 162; At Dent, ' ist ' occas. used for ' is,'
Ellis, 598 ; At Keighlcy, ' I is ' or ' am ' used indiscrim., ib. 385 ;
These is, Lucas Stud. Nidderdate (c. 1882; 261 ; At Sheffield, 'is'
not used in ist pers. sing, or in plur. (S.O. A.) Lan. I'r lither, Tim
Bobbin View Dial. (1746) 16, ed 1806; I'se weary o' tramping,
Gaskell M. Barton (1849) i.\ ; Kollcctin' sitch feaw hannimals
as they bin, IVidder liagshaw's Visit, 7. ne.Lan. I's, Ellis,
553. s.Lan. The'rt (S.W.). Lan.' pi. Bin. s.Chs.' Ahy aam-
or ahy bin; dhaay .lat' or bis-t, or yoa bin- ; ey, 00, itiz-; wcy
bin-, yai- bin-, dhai- bin-. 'Are' is used in the pi. when uncm-
phatic ; ' am ' throughout the pi. is common in its contracted form
'm ; ' am ' only on the Shr. border. s.Stf. I bin, thee bist, Ihcy
bin, PiNNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895) ; You'rna fine figure, Murray
Jolm Vale (1890) xvii ; We'm, Ellis, 477. Stf.' 'V'ou'rc wrong,
though you bin such a wise man. Not.' Seldom I, thou, hebe,&c.
n.Lin. Ihoo is or thoo's, th' hooses is (M.R) ; Thou't, thu't,
th'ouses is (J.T.F.); I is, are, be, not used, Ellis, 312. m.Lin.
I be. ib. 307. e.Lin. Thou art (occas. used affectionately), they is
(G.G.W.). s.Lin, I are (rare and emphatic), Ellis, 299. Rut I
are, ib. 259 ; Rut.' I be. She bis fifteen year old. Nhp.' I be very
sadly. Ihere it biz; Nhp.2 Thee bisL War. Becst (J.R.W.).
n.War. 'Are' or 'bin' used in sing, and //. Also 'am' in pi.
(G.F.N ) War.'Yo'amapoorsoul ;' 'War.* ' We'm ' and • they 'm '
are common, n.'Wor. At Dudley, these bin, Ellis, 465 ; thcy'm (?)
tb. 476. w.Wor.' I be or bin, thee bist ; 'e or 'er be, or 'e's;
us be or bin, you be, thaay be or bin. s.Wor. Be, sing, and pi.
(H,K ) se.Wor.' I be, thee bist; we, you, thaay be. Shr.' I
are, be, or bin; thee beest, bist, bin, thees't, or yo' be; 'e be,
bin, or are; we bin, we'm, or vve'n ; yo' be, bin, bun, yo'm,
or yo'n ; they be, bin, or they'n. The peens a'n loike to goo
through 'er. Hrf. I be, thee be or bes, 'a be, the house be ; we
be, we'm, or us be, you be or you'm, the houscn be (R.M.E.).
e.Hrf. I are (raret, thee bist, he are ; ■ he be ' never used, Ellis, 73.
Pern. I are, he be (E.D,). s.Pem. The houses is ^W.M.M.).
n.GIo. I be, thou beest; he, &c, be (H.S.H.); (SS.B,) Glo.* At
[ait] ; Glo.' Bist. Oxf.' I be, thee bist ; pi. be ; th'ouz'n be, MS.
add. e.Brks. I are, Ellis, 129. w.Brks. I be, thee becst, he be,
a be, the house be ; we, cScc. be (M.J B ). Brks.' I be, thee bist
or 'e be ; he, a, she, &c. be ; um is. That be the new man as
belongs to Velder Verm, 14. n.Bck. 'Be' throughout lAC).
m.Bck. I are or be, Ellis, 191. Bdf. I are, he'm ; pi. am (occas,),
ib. 205. m.Bdf. I are (common); her are; they be, ib. 206 7.
w.Bdf, Ibe, ye be, 16. 205. n.Hrt I be, /A, aoo. e Hrt I are, but 'I
,im' when loll, byan adj. predic, ; he are, common in emphatic asser-
tion ; pi. am ; occas. they be, but in answer to a question, they're,
them's, arc used, ib. 198. m.Hrt. I be obsol., ib. 202. s.Hit. I be,
;occas. ), I are vfreq.), weam,iA. 235. Mid. 'Be' not used; I are, they
is, 16. n.Cmb. She bees orbe, ib. 252. se.Cmb. I be, she be, ib. 250.
Nrf. ' Be' ... is used in all persons, principally in the phrases. Here
I be ! Here ye be! Here t'be, &-c., Gillett Sng. Sol. i,i86o) 3.
s.Nrf. I are to go, Ellis, 275. e.Suf. Ue,sing. and pi. Here be it
(F. 11). w.Suf. -Be' throughout ^C.G. B.). eXss. 'I be 'and ' I arc'
(occas,); never' we is,' Ellis. 224. e.Ken. I are,w-eam(H.M.); I are
usual ,nm 1 occ.is.), orbe (rare\ Ellis, 142. s.Ken, ' Be,' sing, and
/</,, more en;phatic than ' are' (P,M.). Ken.' Thcy'm gone lo bed ;
Ken.' Them [they are] all well. m.Sur. I be, Ellis, 130. Snr.'
To the question ' Where be you ? ' the answer is invariably ' Here
I are,' We am, they am. Sus. I be for more fat pigs and less fat
parsons, Egerton Flks. and H'ays (1884) 3. e.Sns. I be. Hollo-
way. Hmp. ' Be ' used for all persons, sing, and pi. Also we'm,
you'm H.C.M.B.); Hmp.' Beest I.W. I be, we'm, Ellis, 107;
I.W.' Beest 01 bist. n.Wil. I be, thee bist ; w-e, &c. be ; the housen's
^E.H,G.); My beloved uz mine, an' I be his'n, Kite Sng. Sol. (c.
i860 ii. 16. s.Wil. I be, thee bist; we, &c. be; t'housenbe (C.V.G.).
Dor. I be, thou bist ; we, &c. be, Barnes C/. (1863). ni.Dor. I be,
thabist, erbe; weor us, &c. be (H.J.M.). w. Dor. Cham, Roberts
Hist. Lyme Reg. ^1834). Som. Cham, Grose (1790): Cham
a Zummeizetshire niun, Hughes Scour. White Horse (1859) vi;
BE
[198]
BE
Ch'am occurs chiefly in the neighbourhood of Memott, W. Sc J.
G/. 18731; Theow beast vair, Baynes Siig. Sol. (i860) 1. 15.
e.Som. I be, thee at ; we, &c. be (G.S.). w.Som. Aay bee, dhee
aart or dhee-rt, ai'z or u ai z, wee bee or wee-m, yue bee o)-yue-m,
dhai bee [of things], dhai-m [of persons], Elworthy Gram. (1877)
55. n.Dev. Cham glad you're come agen, Exiii. Ciisl:ip. (1746)
1. 479. Dev. I be or I'm, thee'rt, 'e or 'er's, us be, yu be or yum,
they be or they'm, Hewett Pins. Sp. (1892) 3. nw.Dev. ! R.P.C.)
e Cor. 'I are 'or 'is' never used, Ellis, 168. m.Cor. ' I be' is used in
answering a question, ib. 170. w.Cor. I be, thou beest ; he, &c.
be (M.A.C). Cor.3 I be, is, or are; thee art, 'rt, or beest; he es
or are ; we es, am, or 'm ; you'm or you's, they'm ; the houses es.
[Formerly the disuse of I be 'was one of the marks by which w. was
disting. fr. e. Cor., Ellis, 173.]
2. Simple Negative.
Sh.I. Am no or I'm no, du is no, we're no, &c. ( K. I.) s.Sc. Aa'm
no, hey's no, &'C., Murray Dial. (18731 219. Gall. I'm nae, &c.
(A.W. ) Ant. I'm nut, ySr nut, the houses arn't (S.A.B. ; A imin't,
am no or imnae ; we're no or we irnae, &c. (W J. K.) Nhb. Aa's
not or aaiznt, &c.; wor not orwi arn't, &c. (R.O.H.) m.Cum. Ah,
thoo, he izzent; we urrent or errant, you errant, &c. (J.A.) s.Cum.
Ah's nut or ah isn't, thoo's nut or thoo isn't, &c. ; we arn't or we're
nut, &c. ; t'houses is nut or isn't (J.H.); Wer nut or grfint,
&c. (W.K.) n.Yks. Ah'm or ah'se nut, thu'rt nut, it's nut
or it aint, t'huse isn't or aint. wer nut,&c., t'huses eint (R.H.H. );
Dhooz nut or dhoo izn't, wir nut or we ahnt, t'ooziz iz nut or
izn't ; they annut as good as they war (I.W.^ ; n.Yks.* Him an' me
beeant no ways kin; n.Yks.2 It beeant seea. ne.Yks. Ah, thoo
isn't, t'hooses isn't (M.C.F.M.). e.Yks. I, thoo is not, &c. ; we're
not, &c. ; hooses isn't (R.S.'i. w.Yks. Ai, a, i amat or aim, am, im
nat ; fSi, t5, ta atnt or S5t, tSt, tat nat ; !, a iznt or ?z, az nat ; SQ,
Sa iznt or Sfiz, Saz nat ; w!, wa ant or wt, wa nat ; jt, ja ant or jT,
ja nat ; Sea, Se, 5a ant or Sea, Se, Sa nat, Wright Gram. IVndhll.
(1892) 161 ; Ammot, Banks IVkJld. IVi/s. (1865I. Lan. There isno'
one, Brierley Layrock (1864) iii. s.Lan. Theaw'rt not or theaw
art no', &c. (S.W.) Chs.* Isna, isner. There binna his marrow
[equal]; Chs.^ I, it baint. s.Chs.' Ahy binCi; iz-)nu or i)nu are
equally common. Aa':'n"u is common in pi. n Stf. It inna, Ellis,
414. s.Stf. I ant, baint, ib. 461. Also the peculiar Blk. Cy. neg.
I bit, it it, ib. 475, 477. Stf.' Is na ; Stf.^ Beint, sing, and pt. Also,
I bei'. s.Der. It inna. Ellis, 477. s.Not. Ain't is neg. in sing, and
pi., though 'een't' is more common in 3rd sing. There een't no
sense in it (J.P.K.). Not.^ I, thou arn't or ein't, it ein't, we arn't
or ein't, &c. Lin. I beant a fool, Tennyson A'. Farmer, Old Style
(18641 St. I ; Lin.' They a'dent. n.Lin. I aren't; thoo, he isn't,
&c. ; they aren't or isn't, th'hooses isn't or aren't (M. P. ) ; Occas.
I biant, Ellis, 312. n.Lin.' It beant his an* niver was. He beant
a gentleman. e.Lin. I, he, it aint G.G.W.). Lei. Oi'm not, ee
aint, weer not, dhai aint 'C.E.). Nhp.' I beant or baan't, they
beant or baan't ; I, 3'ou arn't. n.War. Ain't, arn't, hain't, or rarely
bisn't, sing, and pi. (G.F.N.) War.'^ I baant, bis'n't, baint, beant,
ain't, or arn't ; yo' bis'n't or baant ; you arn't, he ain't, &c. ; War.*
I aint. We aint a coming. There aint many on 'em left. s.War.'
It j'ent. w.Wor.' I binna, thee bistna ; 'e, &c. binna. s.Wor.
Bean't, ben't, or yeunt, sing, and pi. ! H.K.) se.Wor.' I byunt,
thee bissent, 'eyunt ; we, you, thaay bj'unt. Shr.' I amma. amna,
ar'na, binna, or bunna ; thee arlna. bcestna, binna, bis'na, or
bistna; 'e inna or baint ; we, yo' arnna, binna, or bunna; they
arnna, baint, binna, bunna, or inna. Hrf. I ben't, thee bean't, he
or 'a ben't or yeunt, the house ben't; we or us ben't or yeunt;
you, &c. ben't (R M. E.); Hrf.'' Anna. 'It binna very warm,' used
by old fashioned rustics. e.Hrf. Ain't. Ellis, 199. s.Pem. I be'na,
thou art'na ; we, you be'na; they be'nt (W.M.M. 1. n.Glo. I be'ant,
&c. (H.S.H.I ; I beant, thee bisnt, ee, er yeant, it beant or teant;
pi. beant (S.S.B.). Glo.' I be'ant, thee beesn't or bisn't, it yent
oryunt Oxf.' I bycnt, thee bisn't, 'e yent ; chent, tyent. or tent;
th'ouse yent; pi. byent, AfS. add. w.Brks. I baint, thee bistn't ;
he, a baint; we, &c. beant iM.J.B 1. Brks.' I bent, be-ant, ent,
or yent ; thee or 'e bent, be-ant, or bisn't ; he bent, be-ant, ent, or
yent ; we or us. thee ore bent, be-ant, or bisn't, &c. n.Bck. I,
&c. be not, or baint ; the house baint (A.C.). m.Bdf. I baint or
aint, Ellis, 208. m.Hrt. ' Baint ' used by old people ; ' aint ' more
modern, ib. 202. s.Nrf. 'Taint, ib. 273 ; I baint, ib. 285. e.Suf. I
ben't, een't, or an't; he een't ; 'teen't; we, &c. an't (F.H.). w.Suf.
Beant, aint, or aren't, siH^. and ^/. (C.G.B.). Ess. Aint, CI. (1851;.
e.Ken. Aint, sing, and pi. (D.W.L.) s.Ken. I beant ; he, it idn' or
beant; we, &c. beant (P.M.). Ken.' 'Vou baint. Sur.' It ain't often
that the young birds feed the old 'uns, Prov. Hmp. I bain't
frought a' you ; pi. bain't 1 H.C MB.'. n.Hmp. That ain't, Ellis,
97 ; 'Tyent, ib. 104. Hmp.' ■ Ben't ' is always used. n.Wil. I
beant, thee bistnt, a yunt, teant, the house yunt; wc, &c. beant
(EH G.). s.Wil. I baint, thee bisn't, he yent, 'tyent; we, &c.
baint I C.V.G.\ Dor. Bissen, 2nd 5»i^, Barnes GA ( 1863). m.Dor.
I baynt, tha bisn't. he baynt ; we, &c. baynt iH.J.M.). Dor.' I bent
a-fear'd o' noo man's fiace, 246. Som, The iroaney mun yent
to be sneezed at, 'Agrikler' Rhymes (18721 3. e.Som. I baint,
thee atten, he idden, it isn ; we, &c. baint (G.S.). w.Som. Aay
bae'un, dhee aa'rt-n. ai or uur id-n or aed-n ; wee bae'un, yiie
baeun or bae'unt, dhai bae fln, Elworthy Gram. (1877 ) 55. Dev.
I bant; us, yu, they bant, Heweit Peas. Sp. (1892; 5. nw.Dev.
I baint, thee at'n, he id'n or is'n ; us, &c. baint (R.P.C. 1 ; nw.Dev.'
Bant. w.Cor. I arent, aint. or baint, thou baint ; he, &c. baint (M.A.C).
Cor.' Like Jan Trezise's geese, never happy unless they be where
they baint; Cor.* 1 beint, eint, or aren't ; thee beint, eint, orartent;
he beint, eint, or aren't, &c.
3. Interrogative Affirmative.
Sh.I. Is du ? er we ? &c. ; er de hooses? (K I.) Ant. Is they?
(S.A B.) Nub. Isaa! is thoo or ista ? is 'ee ? ist? is the boozes?
(R.O.H.) ; Nhb.' Is ta? used only in addressing a person younger
than the speaker or one most intimate. 'What bees thoo deein ?' is
sometimes heard Aiso ' Hoo bin ye the day ? ' m.Cum. Iz ah, ta ?
(J.A.) s.Cum. Is ah, ta? is't hooses? (J.H.); Is a? is ta
or be y6 ? tr wa or is us ? £r yg, is yfi, or be yi ? (W.K.) Wm.
Hoo ista, 1 sed, Blezard Sitgs. (18481 33 ; Wm.' Arta ? n.Yks.
Is ah, ta? (R.HH.); Biaz it? Ellis, 503; Iss t'ooziz? (I.W.)
e.Yks. Is ah, thoo? is hooses? (R.S.); e.Yks.' Is-ta or is-tha ?
w.Yks. Am ai, a, i? SKa, 3ta, Sta ? izl, iza? iz SQ, Sa ? or isfl,
isa? 5wT, awa ? Sjt, aja ? aSea, aSe, 55a? Wright Gram. IVndhll.
(1892) 161 ; w.Yks.' Arto? Good mornin to the, Bridget, how
isto ? ii. 285. Lan. Heaw binyoa? Staton Z.oow/;'«a/;>' (c. 1861)
28; Whatever arto talkin' about? Waugh Cronies (1875J 213;
Lan.', eLan.' Arto? s.Lan. Art to or art? (S.W.) Chs.'
Wheer bista bahnd ? [going]. How bin you? Chs.* Arto theer?
How bin thee ? Fit. How ben you ? Ellis, 456. Stf.' Bin yer or
bist ? Stf.'^ Au bist ? Lin. What atta stannin' theer fur ? Tennyson
N. Farmer, Old Style (iS6^) St !•]. n.Lin. Arta or is ta ? are they or
is they? is th' hooses? (M.P.) Nhp.' How bist thee? Be you?
Bin you a gooing wi' uz? n.War. Are or bin I? am or bin yer?
bin 'e ? am or bin it ? bin us or we ? am or bin yer? bin 'm, am
they? am the houses? iG F.N.) War.^ 'How bist thee? ' is not
so common as ' How bin yer?' Bin you agooin'? War.* ' Ow
bist?' was a familiar salutation forty years ago. s.Wor. Bist?
PoRSON Quaint ll'ds. ,1875) ; Be, sing and pi. I,H.K.) se.Wor.'
Be I or e ? bist thee? is 'e or u? be we or us? &c. Shr.'
Be or bin I? bist 'ee or bist? be or bin 'e ? be it ? bin we? &c.
Hrf. Be, sing, and pi. (R.M.E.) s.Pem. Be, pi. (W.M.M.) n.Glo.
Be I? beest thou? be he, it? &c. (H.S.H.); (S.S.B.) Oxf.' The
use of the pi. ' be ' is more refined than the use of the sing. ' bist,'
in the and pers. The pronoun is then often omitted, as ' How be ? *
'Who be?' Ox'.' Bel? bist? bist thee? be us or we? &c,, MS.
add. w.Brks. Be I? beest th'? be a? &c (M.J. B.) Brks.' Bist?
n.Bck. Be, sing, and pi. (A.C.) s.Hrt Am you? Ellis, 235.
n.Snf. Ain't it? ib. 278. e.Suf, 'Be' rarely used for ist and 3rd
pers.; 'be you?' is common (F.H.). w.Su:. 'Be' is used about
equally with 'are' l^C.G.B.). s.Ken. Are or be I ? ' Be ' used for
sing, and />/. (P.M.) Ken.'^ Where be you ? Sur.' Be you ? Sus.
' How byst ? ' is always used in a jocular manner, and will soon
entirely disappear. Lower Sng. Sol. (i860) Notes, iii. e Sus.
Bisnt, Ellis, 133. Hmp. Be, sing, and pi. iH.C.M.B.); Hmp.'
Beest or bist? n.Wil. Bel? bist ;thee)? be we? &c. (E.H.G.)
s.Wil. Be I? bist thee? beun, us? &c. (C V.G.) m.Dor. Be I?
bist tha? be ee or un? &e. (H.J.M.l e.Som. Be I ? at thee?
be us? &c. (G.S.) w.Som. Bee aay? urt dhee ? esuroruur? es
ut? bee wee, yiie. um ? Elworthy Gra»i. (1877) 55. Dev. Be I?
art thee ? is 'er? be us? &c., Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892") 5. nw.Dev.
Bel? art? be us, ee, min, or um ? (R.P.C.) Dev.* Be 'e ? w.Cor.
Are or be I ? beest-ee ? be it? be we or us? beest ee? be they?
(M.A.C.) Cor.* Be I? beest a? art a? art tha? are he? are it!
are us ? is them ? is the houses?
4. Interrogative Negative.
Sh.I. Is du no? (K.I.) Abd. Amnin aw? Ale.xander Johnny
Gibb i 187 1 i xviii. Abd.. Per. Am na I ? is na he ? are na we ? &c.
,G.W.) s Sc. Ym-n' aa ? ysn'hey? Murray Dial. (1873) 219.
Gall. Am 1 nae or am na I ? &c. lA.W.) Ant. Im a no'? &c.
(W.J.K.1 Nh'o. Is aa not or iznt aa ? is thoo not or iznt thoo?
&c. ; is the boozes not or isn't the hoozes ? i R.O.H.) m.Cum.
Izzant ah? &c. ; errant we? &c. (J.A.) s Cum. Isa nut or isn't
a? ista nut or isn't ta ? er wanijt? firfintwa? frorisyfinut? grfint
ye or be ent ye? (W.K.I; Isn't houses or is't houses nut ? (J.H.)
Wm. Erent ye an' me far ower keen o' t'varra seeam job ? Spec.
(1880 I pt. ii. 46. n.Yks. Aint ah or am ah nut? isn't ta or eint
ta ? aint ye, they ? (R.H.H.) ; Izn'tah. dhoo? izn't t'ooziz ? (I.W.)
BE
[^99]
BE
ne.Yks. Aren't I, ta ! isn't t'hooses ? (MCF.M."i e.Yks. Isn't
ah! &c. ; isn't hooses? iRS.\ e.Yks.' ' Baint ya cummin ?' used
only interrog.. is the only instance of the employment of ' be '
for 'are' in Holderness, and is confined to the w. w.Yks. Amot
ai, a, i! 5tn53, atntS, Stnts ? iznt T, a? iznt sfl, S3? ant wl, ws ?
ant jT, j3? ant Sea, tie, fia ! Wright Grain. IViidhll. 1892 162.
m Lan. Inat-it ? Ellis, 34a. s Lan. Am't aw ? are not theaw, art
no, or artn't? are no we or aren't we ' &c. i S.W.) Not.'' Eint or
arnt I? eint thou? &c. n.Lin. Aren't 1? isn't thoo or ta ? isn't
they or th' ? isn't th' hooses? (M.P.) Rut. Ain't it? Ellis, 255.
Lei. Aint, im^. and />/. I C.E.) m Nhp. Ain't it? Ellis, 216. Nhp.'
Bes'n't thee angry ? Bistn't thee well to-day? n.War. Aint, baint,
or arnt I, y6! &c. Rarely bisn't ycr ? iGF, N.) s.War. Yent it ?
Ellis, 114. w.Wor.' Binna I? bistnathee? binnaof baint 'e? binna
or baint us ? binna yu, thaay ? s.Wor. Ben't, beant, yeant I ? iSic.
(H.K. ) se Wor.' Byunt I? bissent thee? yunt 'e or u ? byunt
us, you or yu, thaay or 'um ? S^r.* Ammad or amnad I ? binna
yo', bistna or bis'na thee ? binna 'e, innad a or 'e ? binna we, yo' ?
binna they orbinnad a' Hrf. Ben't I ! ben't or yeunt 'a ? ben't us ?
&c. iR.M.E) ; Hrf.2 Yent it? s.Pem. Ben't I? art'n tha? is'n the
house not ? ben't we ? &c. (W M.M.) n.Glo. Be'ant I, thee, it ? &c.
(H.S.H ; Beant or yeant I? bisnt thee? beant or yeant er?
&c. ^S.S.B.) Oxf.i Byent I? bisn't or bisn't thee? yent e or
a ? &c. ; pi. byent, MS. add. n.Brks. Yent it ? Ellis, 94. w.Brks.
Baint I? bistn't th' ? baint he? beant us? &c. (M.J.B.^ n.Bck.
Baint, sing, and pi. (A.C.) ; Ain't. Ellis, 195. e.Suf. An't I ?
een'the? an't we ? &c. (F.H.) w.Suf. Aint I ? beant you ? (C. G.B.I
e.Ken. Aint? sih^. and />/. iD.W.L.) s.Kea. Beant I ? idn' orbeant
he? &c. ; beant we? &c. (P. M.) Ken.' Banna ye [?] going hopping
this year? Hmp. Baint? (H.C.M.B.) I.W.' Beesn't ? n.Wil. Beant
I? bistnt thee? yunt he? &c. ; beant we? &c. (E.HG.) s.Wil.
Baint I? bisnt? yentur? &c. ; baint us? &c. (C.V.G.) e.Dor. Idn'd
it? Ellis, 76. m Dor. Baynt ? sing, and />/. (H.J.M.) Dor.' Why
bissen strong enough to car a flagon? 128. e.Som. Baint I?
beesnt ? idden the house? baint us? &c. (G.S) w.Som. Baeun
aay or ees ? aart-n dhee? aed-n ur ? baeun uus, yiie, dhai*, or
um? Elworthy Gram. (1877) 56. n Dev. Ban't us thieves?
Rock /i)« ««'7Vf// (1867) 34. nw.Dev. Baint I ? art'n? id'naorer?
baint us? &c. (R.P.C.) sw.Dev. Ain't it ? Ellis, 166. e.Cor. Idn't
it' th. 168. w Cor. Arent I ? arnt I or baint 1 ? bainst thou? &c.
(.M.A C.) Cor.3 Beint I ? &c.
5. Continuous.
Sh I. Am or I'm gaein, &c. (K I.) Gall. I'm gain' (AW.). Ant.
Am goin', the clocks is or irr goin' I, W.J. K.I. Nhb. Aa's gannin or
gan, the clocks is gannin. ' Gannin' is used before a vowel or at
the end of a sentence (R.O.H.V Dur.' Aw's gannin ti wark.
m.Cuin. Ah'z gaan (J A.). s.Cnm. Ah's gan', t'clocks is gan (J H. '.
Wm. Ise gangin, Wheeler Dial. (1790) 15; I's ga€n at du it,
SEDtiWiCK Mem. Cowgill Chapel (18681 93 ; Wm.' Aa's gaan lull
Amelset. n.Yks. Ahm or ah'se geing. t'clokks is geing (R. H.H.I ;
Ahz gahin, t'tloks is gah-in fl.W.). ne.Yks. Ah's gannin, t'clocks
is gannin (M.C.F.M.). e.Yks. Ah's gannin', clocks is gannin' i^R.S.V
w.Yks. Ali'm going, t'lock's ar' going (S.OA.V s.Lan. Aw'm goin
(S.W.). Not.2, n.Lin. I'm gooin' (^M.P.) ; n.Lin.' A'm a gooin' to
Eputh o' Setterda'. e Lin. We was going (G.G.W.). Lei. Ei'm
a-going (C E.). Nhp.' I baan't a gooing, and they baan'ta gooing.
n.War. I are, I're, I'm, or 1 bin gooin' (G.F.N.). s.Wor. I be
a-gooing(H.K.). Shr.' A-going. Hrf. I'm orbe a-goin' (R.M.E.).
s.Pem. I be going (W M M.). n.Glo. I be going (H.S.H.) ; I be
agwine (S.S B.). Oxf.' I be agwain, MS. add. w.Brks. I be going
(M.I B.). Brks.' I beant a-gwaain to stan' 't. n.Bck. I be going
(A.C.). n.Cmb. A-going, used with ist pers. only, Ellis, 252.
e.Suf. 1 be going (rare) (F.H ). w.Suf. I be a going (C.G B.).
s Ken. Ire goo in' orl be a-goo-in' (more emphatic) (P.M.). e.Sui.
She be gooin or she's a-gooin, Ellis, 134. Hmp.' I ben't a gwyne.
n.Wil. I be gwain, he's a gwain, 'tis a gwain (E.H.G.). s.Wil. I be
gwain, he's a-gwain (C.V.G). m. Dor. I be gwain (H.J M). e.Som.
I be gwaiinG.S.). w Som. The/>ii?/! u- is^cx presei-ved, Elworthy
Gram. (1877) 53. nw.Dev. I be gwain R.I'.C.^. w.Cor. I be or
am goin' (M.A C ). Cor.' I be or Is going or I'm a-going. [Also
formed with pre/, a- in Rut. m.War. s.Pem. Bck. m.Bdf Hrt. Hnt.
Cmb. Nrf. e Suf. Ess e.Sur. e. and s. Dor. e.Som. e.Cor., Ellis.]
[In Sc. and all the n. dial, is, iz, as, 3z are used for all
pers. of the pi. when the verb is not immediately preceded
or followed by its proper pronoun.]
II. Indicative Mood, Past Tense.
1. Simple Affirmative.
Sh.L I, du wiz (K.I.). Bnff.' Wiz, smg. and pt. ; they war.
Abd. He war a wee thing better, Ale.xander Johnny Gibb
(1871) X. Abd., Per. You was occas.) (G.W.). s.Sc. Aa was
or was, WDZ, wcz ; hey was ; wcy was. waar, or war, w.^r, wcr;
yee was or waar; thay waar, Ml-rrayD«j/. 1873)219. Rxb. The
bairns waz laughin, Ellis, 714. Ant. pi. Bes (^S.A.B.). Wxf.'
'Chas. Nhb. Aa wiz or wcz, thoo wiz or wcz, &c. ; we wor or
war, the hoozes wiz [R. 0.11.). m.Com. We, &c. war ( J.A.). Wm.
Altert . . . fra what they warr. Southey Knillers t' Dent in Doctor
(1848) 561 ; She wor stoun frae th' dure, Wheeler Dial. (1790)
115, ed. 1821. n.Yks. I were, thu wart ; he, it were RH.H);
T'ooziz wuz (I.W.) ; n.Yks.' Ah, thou, he wur (emphatic 'war').
ne.Yks. Thoo was, we wer or was, t'hooses was M.C.F.M.).
e.Yks. Thou, we, &c. was 1 R.S.) ; e.Yks.' ' Wor ' is freq. used in
the 5JH^., ' Ah wor just aboot bcginnin ' ; while ' was ' is ^<«. em-
ployed in the//., 'We wasn't deein nowt.' w.Yks Ai, a, i wo(r)
or wa'rl, &c. ; w!, W3 wo(r) or W3;r\ &c., Wright Gram.
IVndhU (1892) 161 ; w.Yks.' When yan wor seek, ii. 322. Lan.
I wur, Tim Bobbin View Dial. (1740) 16; When t'Ratchda folk
were'n fur trying me wick or dead. Yo were'n o above booard,
parson, Kay-Shisttleworth Scarsdale (i86oj HI. 73. s.Lan.
Aw'reoraw' were, theaw were; he, it were ; we'rn, yo'rn, they'rn;
th'ouses were or we'rn (S.W.). Chs.' pi. Wern ; Chs.' Wern,
abbreviation of weren, used only when the following word begins
with a vowel. s.Chs. It were, Ellis, 415 ; s.Chs.' Ahy woz ; dhaay
woz or wost, or yoa* won ; ey, 60, it woz ; wey, yai*, dhai* won,
Stf. We wun hurried once for welly a hour, and then we wun
fetched out for jed, Murray Novelist's Note-Bk. [ 1887 53. n.Der.
He were, Ellis, 319. Der.' Hay ! it wor grand, lads, that ale
wor. Not.' I war ; Not.* Wor, sing, and pi. Lin. An' i' the
woost o' toimes I wur niver agin the raate, Tennyson N. Farmer,
Old Style{ie64) si. 4. n.Lin././. Was (J.T F.); ^M P.) ; n.Lin ' I war
agooin' to saay sum'ats. e.Lin. 'Was' freq. used in pi i^G.G W.)
sw.Lin.' She were ill. Rut. I war, Ellis, 259. Lei. Ei wur ; we,
&c. waz (C.E.). Nhp.' I, he, we war. Sec. War. War, siii^. and
pi. (J.R.W.) n.War. I were yd' was ; he, it were ; we, &c. was
(G.F.N.). w.Wor.' 1 wuz or were, thee wust, 'e were, us wuz or
were; you, thaay wuz. s.Wor. A wuz or wor, &c. ; we wuz, us
wuz orwor, &c. vH K. ) se.Wor.' Wuz.sm^. and/>/. Shr.' I were,
thee wereorwust,'ewere orwun, we wun or wuz. &c. Hrf. 'Wcri.-'
and ' was' oflen interchanged (R M.E.). e. Hrf. Thee wust. Ellis,
73. Pem. I were, he were E.D.). s.Pem. pi. Was i^WM.M).
n.Glo. I wur, he wur, &c. (H.S.H.) ; Thee wust, ee wur or wuz ;
we wur or wuz, &c. (S.S.B.) n.Oxf. sing. Wur, Ellis, 117. Oxf.'
Us or we wuz, &c., Vl/S.arfrf. w.Brks. I were, he were, &c. i^M.J.B )
Brks.' I was or wur ; thee or 'e was, wast, or wur ; he was or
wur; we or us was ; thee or 'e was, wast, or wur ; thaay, them,
or um was. n.Bck. I, he wore (A C.\ Bdf. si«^. Wur, Ellis. 207.
Mid. I, he were, we was, ib. 235. se.Cmb. I were, ib 250. Nrf. pi.
Was, ib. 285. e.Suf. I war or wur ; the house war rare; (F.H.\
w.Suf. He were. Ellis, 288 ; sing. You were (C G.B.). Ken. pi.
Was (P.M.I; (D.W.L.) Eur.' I were. Hmp. Was, sing, and pi.
(H.C.M.B.) ; Hmp.' I war, &c. n.Wil. I wur, he wur, t'wur, we
was, &c. (E.H.G.) s.Wil. I wur, thee %vurst, he wur i^C.V.G.).
Dor. I wer, thou worst ; he, we, &c. wer, Barnes Gl. (1863).
m.Dor. I wur, tha wur (?) ; er, we, &c. wur H J.M.). e.Som.
I wur, thee wast, he wur ; we, &c. wur (G.S.). w.Som. Aay wuz,
dhee wiist or wuuz ; ai or u wuz or uur wuz ; wee, yiie, dhai wuz or
wauz, Elworthy Gram. (1877^1 56 ; At Wedmore, 'twur. Ellis, 90.
Dev. I wuz, thee'st ; 'e or'er wuz ; us, ya, they wuz, Hewett Peas.
Sp. (1892) 3. n.Dev. Chur alamps'din wone o' ma ycarms [I wer
lamed in one of my arms]. Ohs., E.\m. Crishp. 11746; I. 555.
nw.Dev. Thee wast; us, &c. was (R.P.C). Cor.' I wor, tlice
wert : we, &c. was.
2. Simple Negative.
Sh.L I wiz no, &c. (K.I.) Abd. The caufies warna negleckit,
Alexander Johnny Gibb (1871) i; We wusna jist seer, ib. vi.
s.Sc. Aawas-na, &c., Murray £)(«/. (1873 219. Ant A wussin't or
wusnae, we wurrin't or wurnac, &c. ^W.J.K.) Nhb. Aa wiz not,
was na, or wasn't, &c. ; we warnt or wor not ; the hoozes wiz not
or wasn't (R.O.H.). ni.Cum. We warrcnt,&c. i J.A.) s.Cum. We
wCirnt, &c. (W.K.) Wm. Thae worrant kent rooads, Spec. ,1883)
iii. 7. n.Yks. Ah wCr nut, thu warn't, he warn't, it were nut,
t'huse war not ; we, &c. warn't (R.H.H.) ; A wuznut or ah wazn'l;
we wer nut or wahnt; t'ooziz wuz nut or wazn't (l.W.'. ne.Yks.
T'hooses wasn't (M.C.F.M.) ; ne.Yks.' Ah warn't boun ti ax him
nowt. e.Yks. Warn't, MH^. and />/. R.S.l w.Yks. Ai. a. i wornt
or ai, a, i w.-) not. &c. ; w!, W3 wornt or wl, w3-not, &c., Wright
Grant. IVnd/tll. {iSg2) 161 ; w.Yks.* It worrant me, mother I— Noa,
it worrant thee. s.Lan. Aw wer no or aw' re not ; we're not, we
wur no, or we wern't, &c. (S.W.) Not' Worn't, siitg. and pi.
nLln. Wasn't, sing, and pi. (J.T.F.); 1 M.P. ; n.Lin.' I warn't
agooin' to do as he said. sw.Lin.' siitg. Warn't Lei. Oi wurn't,
weewuntorwazn't,&c C.E.) n.War.Worn't, «m^. and/>/.^G.F.N.)
BE
[200]
BE
w.Wor.' I wasna, wiizna, o>- vvorn't ; thee wasna, &:c. ; 'e wasna,
wuzna, or worna ; us wasna, wuzna, or worna ; you wasna, &c. ;
tliaay wasna, wuzna, or worn't. s.Wor. Wuzn't or worn't, sing.
and pi. (H.K ) se.Wor.l I wuzzent o>- wornt, thee wussent, 'e
wuzzent or wornt; we, you, thaay wuzzent or wornt. Slir.' I
wer'na, wunna, or wuzna ; thou wer'na.wunna, wus'na.oi- vvustna;
'e, we,'&c. wer'na, wunna, oj-wuzna. Hrf. I w^ernt, a wuzn't ; we,
thahy wuzn't (R M.E.). s.Fem.pl. Wasn't (W.M.M.). n.Glo. He, it
wurn't (H.S.H.); I wurnt, thee wusnt or wurnt, &c. (S.S.B.)
OxfciTheewuz'nst; us,we wuzn't, &c.,Vl/S.rt(/!/. w.Brks. I weren't,
thee wastn't; he, &c. weren't (M.J.B.)- n.Bck. Warn't, sing, and
pi. (A.C.) s.Nrf. He warn't, Ellis, 284. e.Suf. Waun't, si/(,g-. and
pi. (F.H.) w.Suf. 'Vou wasn't i^C.CB.i. e.Ken. We, &c. was not
(D.W,L.). s.Ken. Wadn',siH^.and,^/.(P.M.) n.Hmp. There want,
Ellis, ioi. n.Wil. I warn't or wurdent, thee wasn't, he wurdent,
the house wurdcn ; we wasn't or wurdent, the housen wurden
(EH.G.). s.Wil. I wurden, thee wursn't, he wurden, we wurden
(C.V.G.). Dor.i That werden any harm, 92 ; Pleates werden then
ov etlien ware, 161. ra.Dor. 'Wurn't, sing, and pi. (H.J.M.)
e Som. I wurden, thee wurstn't, he wurden ; we, &c. wurden
(G.S.). w.Som. Aay waud-n, dhee wiis-n ; ee, ai, u, o;-uur waud-n;
wee, yiie oree. dhai waud-n, Elworthy Gram. (1877; 5^- nw.Dey.
I wad'n, thee wast'n, he wad'n or vvas'n, 'twad'n ; us, &c. wad'n
(R.P.C.1. Cor.3 I warn't or woddent, &c.
3. Interrogative Affirmative.
Sh.I. Wiz du? (K.I,) Abd. Was ye sleepin' terrible soun'?
Alexander Johnny Gibb (1871) iii. Nhb. Was thoo o>-wasta?
war or wor we? &c. ; was the hoozes ? (R.O,H.) m.Cuin. Was
thoo? war we? &c. (J.A.) s.Cum. Was ta ! w6r wa ? &c.
(W.K.) ; Was t'houses? (J.H.I n.Yks. Wass t'u » war t'coziz ?
(I.W.); (R,H.H.) ne.Yks. Wast tha ? wer or was wa? &c.
(M.C.F.M,) e.Yks. Was thoo? war we? &c. ; was hooses ?
(R.S.); e.Yks.' Was, sing, and pi. w.Yks. Wor ai, a, i ? wofia,
wots, wots ? wor I, 3 ? WOSQ, WOS3 ? WOWl, W0W3 ? wojl W0J3 ?
wo«ea, wo5e, woSa ? Wright Gram. Wndhll. (1892)162; Wor,
sing, and pi. 1 S O.A,) Lan. What wurt doin' theere ? Brierley
Layrock (1864) vi ; Wor you ever in a cotton factory afore?
Westall Birch Dene (1889) I. 304. s.Lan. Wer aw? wert to'
wer he ? wer or wern we ? &c. (S.W.) Not.'' Wor. sing, and pi.
Lin. Warn't I craazed fur the lasses mysen when I wur a lad ?
Tennyson TV. Farmer, Neiu Style (1870) st. 5, n.Lin. Was thoo or
wast a? was we? &c. (M.P'); (J.T.F.) Lei. Wur oi ? wur ee ?
wazwee? &c. (C.E.) n.War. Wor I ? wasyo'? wor'e? was we
orus? &c, (G.F.N.) s.Wor. Wuz or wor, sing, and pi. (H.K,)
se.Wor.i Wuz I ? wust thee ? wuz we or us? &c. Shr.l Wust
'ee ? wun 'e ? wun, wuz we ? &c. Hrf. Was we or us ? was 'em ?
(R.M.E.) s.Pem. Wast tha? pi. was 1. (W.M.M.) n.Glo. Wur
I? wust thee? wur th' house ? wuz us? &c (S.S. B.) Oxf.i Wust
thee? wuz us? &c,, MS. add. w.Brks. Were I? wast? was us?
(M.J.B.) n.Bck. Wore, sing, and pi. (A.C,) e.Suf. War it ? />/.
war? (F.H.) s.Ken. />/. Was? (P.M.) Hmp./>/. Was? (H.C.M.B.)
n.Wil. Wur I? was thee? wur he ? was we, you? wur em? (E,H.G.)
s.Wil. Wur I? wurst? wur ur ? wur us? &c. (C.V.G.) m.Dor.
Wurl? wert tha' wurun? (H.J.M) e.Som. Wurl? wert thee ?
wur hur? wur the house? (G.S.) w.Sora. Wuz aay? wiiz or
wuurt dhee ? wruz ee' or uur ? or wauz ur ? wuz wee orwaiiz' us ?
wuz dhai? Elworthy Grow, ( 1877) 56. nw.Dev. Wast ? was us ?
&c. (R.P.C.) Cor.3 Wor I? wor it ? wor the house ? was us? &c.
4. Interrogative Negative.
Sh I. Wiz du no ? iK^I.) s.Sc. Was-n', warn' 1 Murray Dial.
(1873) 219. Gall. Freq. with double form, as : He wisna, wis
he? warna we ? ye warna, was ye? (A.W.) Ant. Wus he no?
wurrint we or wur ano' ? &c. (W.J,K.) Nhb. Was thoo not or
wasn't thoo ? wast not or wasn't it ? war we not or warnt we ?
&c. ; was the hoozes not or wasn't the hoozes? (R.O.H.) m.Cum.
Wazzent thoo? warrent we? &c. (J.A.) s.Cuni. Was ta nut
or wasn't ta ? wOr wa nut ? wOrnt we ? (W,K.); Wasn't houses
or was t'houses nut? (J.H.) n.Yks. Warnt ah ? warnt ta ? warnt
he? &c. (R.H.H.); Wazn't t'ooziz ? (I.W.) ne.Yks. Wasn't
thoo? w.irn'tit? wasn't wa? wasn't t'hooses' (M.C.F.M.) e.Yks.
Warnt ah I wasn't thoo ? warnt he ? &c. (R.S.) w.Yks. Wornt
ai, a, i? &c. ; wornt wf, wo? &c., Wright Gram. Wndhll. (1892J
l6a ; (S.O.A.) s.Lan. Wern't aw or wer not aw? wert no or
wern'tto? &c. (S.W.) Not.^ Wornt I ? wornt thou ? wornt 'e?
&c. n.Lin. Wasn't thoo or wasn't ta ? wasn't we, &c. (M.P.I;
(J.T.F.) Lei. Wur-nt I? wurnt ee ? waz-nt we? &c. (C.E.)
n.War. Wornt I ? wornt or wasn't yo' ? wornt 'e ? wornt or
wasn't us? &c. (G.F.N.) w.Wor.i Wasna I ? werena thee? wasna
or werena'e? wasna or werena us? wasna yu, thaay? s.Wor.
Wuzn't or worn't? (H.K) se.Wor.' Wuzzent I? wuzzent thee
or wussent ? wuzzent 'e or wussent u ? wuzzent we or us ? &c.
Shr.' Wunnad-I ? wus'na thee? wunnad-a? wunna we, yo'?
wunnad-a or wunna they ? Hrf. Wern't I ? wern't or wuzn't
a? wasn't us? &c. (R.M.E) s.Pem. Wasn't tha? wasn't we ?
&c. ; wasn't the houses not? (W.M.M. 1 n.Glo. Wuzzent or
wurnt, sing, and pi. fS.S.B. ) Oxf.' Wuz not thee? wuzn't
us or we? Sec, MS. add. w.Br'.ts. Want I, th', he, it ? (M.J.B.)
n.Bck. Warnt ? sing, and pi. {A.C) e.Suf. Waun't? sing, and pi.
(F.H.) w.Suf. Wasn't we or us? (C.G.B.) s.Ken. Wadn' ? sih^?.
and />/. (P.M.) n.Wil. Wurdent I? wurdent thee? wurdent a.?
&c. (E.H.G.) s.Wil. Wurden I? wurden ee? Sec. (C.V.G.)
ra.Dor. Wurn't? sing, and pi. (H.J.M.) e.Som. Wurden? sing,
and pi. (G.S.) w.Som. Wau'd-n aay? waus-n dhee or wiis-n
dhee? wau'd-n ee or uur? &c., Ei worthy Gram. (1877) 56.
nw.Dev. Wad'n I? wast'n? wad n a? &c. (R.P.C.) Cor.s Wadd'n't
I ? warn't he ? wadd'n't it ? waddn't us, you ? wasn't them ?
Ill Future Tense.
1. Simple Affirmative.
Sh.I. I'se be or I sail be, du'U be, &c. (K.I,) Abd,, Per. I'se be
or I'll be, thou'lt be, he'll be, &c. (G,W.) Slk. ' Shall ' is not in
use, exc. to denote compulsion (C,G.). Gall. I sail be or I'se
be, &c. (A.W.) Ant. 'Shall' never used (SA.B.); (W.J.K.)
Nhb. Aa's be or aa'U be, thoo's be or thoo'U be, &c. (R.O.H.) ;
NUb.i Aa'll beo there the morn. m.Cum. (J. A.), s.Cum. ' UU ' or
''ir used throughout for 'shall' and 'will' (W.K.); (J.H.)
n.Yks. Assl be or ah sal be, dhoo'l be, &c. (I.W.); (R.HH.)
ne.Yks. Ah sail be or ah's be, wa sail be or we's be (M.C.F.M.).
e.Yks. Ah sail be, thoo will be or thoo'l be, he will be or he'll be,
&c. (R.3.) w.Yks. Sal and wil are used indiscriminately. Ai,
a sai, aisl, asl, ais, as ; ai, a wil, ail or al ; 8a sal. Sasl, SSs ;
Sa, ta, ta wil, Sal. tal or tal; T sal, isl, is; 1, a wil, il or al ; sQ,
Sa sal, Sflsl, Sasl, Sfls, Sas ; SQ, Sa wil, Sfll or Sal ; wf sal, wisl, wasl,
WIS, was ; wi, wa wil, wil or wa! ; jt, ja sal, jtsl, jasl, jis, jas ; jl,
ja wil, jil or jal ; Sea, Se, Sa sal, Seasl, Sesl, Sasl, ileas, Ses, Sas;
Sea, Ce, Sa wil. Seal, Sel or Sal bt, Wright Grain. Il^ndhll. (1892)
149, 163 ; Ahs'l be, tha'lt be, &c. (S.O.A^ ; Tell me thoo'U bea
coming bye and bye, Lucas Sliid. Nidderdale (c 1882) 234.
s.Lan. Aws't be, theaw'l be, wes't be (S,W.). Not.^ I'll be, thou'lt
be, 'e'U be, &c. n.Lin. As'l be, thoo'U be, &c. (J.T.F.); (M.P.)
Lei. Ei or u sail bee, &e. (C.E.) s.Wor. Thee oolt be, 'e ool
be, &c. (H.K.) Shr.l j 551 or wull ; thee 06t, shan, sha't, sha'st
or wull ; 'e 661, sha' or wull be ; we, yo', they sha'n, 061 or 05n,
yo'n, they'n be. s.Pem. I'll be, thou'lt be, we'll be, &c. (W.M M.)
n.Glo. I ool be, th'oot be, er ool be, &c. (S S.B.) s.Wil. Thee 'it
be (C.V.G). nw.Dev. Thee wut be or thee't be (R.P.C). Cor.3
I will be, we will be.
2. Simple Negative.
Sh.I. I sa'na be, du'll no be, we sa'na be (K.I.). Abd., Per. I will
not be, &c. (G.W.) Gall. I sanna be or Is'e nae be, thou winna
or wull na be (A,W.). Ant. He'lf no be, &c. (W.J,K.) Nhb. Aa
shanna be or aa'll not be, thoo winna be or thoo'U not be, &c.
lR.O,H.) m.Cum. Willent, «'«,§'. and />/. (J.A ) s.Cum. Want or
'U n\il,sing. and pi. (W.K.) ; (J.H.) n.Yks.Asahnt be ; dhoo, ee,
it weeant be ; we sahnt be ; yoo, dhay weeant be (I.W.) ; Ah sart
be ; thou, he wernt ba ; T'wont ba ; we sarntba ; ye, they weant
ba (R.H.H.). e.Yks. Ah sarnt, thoo, we weeant be ; we sarnt,
you, they weeant be (R.S. ). w.Yks. 'Saint' and 'wilnt' used
indiscriminately. Ai, a saint, ai, a sant, aisl, asl nat, ais, as nat ;
ai, a wilnt orwiant ; 84 saint, sant, Sasl, Sas nat, &c. ; f saint, sant,
tsl, Is nat, &c. ; sfl, sa saint, sant, sflsl, Sasl nat, Sfls, Sas nat, &c. ;
wf, wa saint, wi, wa sant, wlsl, wasl nat, wis, was nat ; wf, wa
wilnt or wiant ; jt, ja saint, sant, sinat. Seas, 'Ses, Sas nat bl,
Wright Gram. Wndhll. (1892) 150, 164. s.Lan. Aws't not or
aw shanno be, theaw'l not or theaw winno be, &c. (S.W.)
Not.2 I shant, thou weint be, &c. n.Lin. I shan't, thoo wean't
be. &c. (M.P.) s.Wor. Wun't or 'on't in 2nd and 3rd pers. (H.K.)
Shr.' I shanna, oonna, or wunna ; thee sha'tna, 6utna, or wustna ;
'e, we, &c shanna, 66nna, or wunna be. s.Pem. I'll not, thou'lt
na, a wonna be. &c. (W.M.M,) n.Glo. Thee ootnt be, er oont
or wunt be (S.S.B.). Oxf.' Thee ootn't be, MS. add. e.Suf. I
shaun't, in rare use (F.H.). s.Ken. I shean' be, he wOan' be,
&'c, (P.M.) s.Wil. Thee ooten be, he wunt be, &c. (C.V.G.)
nw.Dev. Thee wut'n be, he wan't be, &c. (R.P.C.) Cor.^ I weint,
thee wussent be.
3. Interrogative Affirmative.
Abd., Per. Will I be ? &c. (,G.W.) Nhb. ' Will ' used throughout
(R.O.H.), m.Cum. (J.A.), s.Cum. (W.K.) ; (J.H.) n.Yks. Sail,
ist pers. sing, and pi. (R.H.H.), ne.Yks. (M.C.F.M.), e.Yks.
(R.S.) w.Yks. Sal or wil bf ? Wright Gram. Wndhll. (1892) 150,
164. n.Lin. Shalta or wilta be ? (M.P.) s.Wor. Oot thee be ' ool
'e be ? (H.K.) Shr.» 661 or shan I ? 061, OOst, or shat 'ee ? 001 or
BE
[201I
BE
.e6n 'e bel 601, 60n, or sha'n we, &c. be? s.Pem. Will I be'
fW.M.M.I n.GIo. Oot o>- oot th' be? oollmn be? (S.S.B.) Ox'.'
Oot thee be ? oot be or oots't be ? ull 'e be ? &c , MS. add. m.Dor.
Willi 'eorwultlha be? (H.J.M.) s.Wil. Ulll.ut thee bee? ull we
o/shall us be ? {C.V.G.) nw.Dev. Wut be ? shall "ec be ? vR.P.C.)
4. Interrogative Negative.
Abd., Per. Willna I, we be ? &c. (G.W.) Gall. Sail I not orsanna
I be ? he'll be, winna he ? (A.W.) Ant. Wull it no be ? i.W.J.K. )
Nlib. Will aa not be ? winnct or shannit aa be ? will tlioo not be
o;- winna thoo be ? &c. (.R.O.II.) in.Cum. Miinnet ah be? (}.A.)
s.Cum. Want a, wilta nut be o>- want tii be? (W.K.); (J.H.)
n.Vks.Weeantdhoobe? &c.(I.W.); (,R.H.H.),ne.Yks.i;M.C.I".M.),
e.Yks. (R.S.) w.Yks. Saint, sant, or wilnt, wi.int ai, a, i bl! &c.
Wricut Grain. ]Viidhlt. {iBg2) 151, 164 ; Wan't, 2nd and 3rd
pers. (S.O.A.") s.Lan. Winnot he be? shanno we, winno j'o be?
(S.W.) Not.2 Wcint, and and 3rd pers. n.Lin. Wcant or shan't
thoo be? weant he be! &c. (M.R) nw.Lin._Weant ta? (J.T.F.)
E.Wor. On't thee be? Sec. (II Iv.) Shr.' Odnna, oonnad, or
shannad I? 6ostna, ootna, sha'tna thee or Oust'n 'ee? 6unna.
COnnad, oj-shanna'e ? u6nna Of shanna we be ? &c. s.Pem. Won't,
.5i;<,y. and/>/. .W.M.M.) n.Glo.Oot'nt be ? oontcrbe? &c. (S.S.B.)
Oxf.iQot'nt thee ocoot'nt be? wunt 'e be ? Sec, MS. add. s.Ken.
Shean' I, wo.an' he be? &-c. i^P.M.) s.Wil. Ooten ihee be? wunt
urbe? &c. (C.V.G.) nw.Dev. Wut'n be? wan't a be ? shan't us,
-'eebe? (R.P.C.) Cor.^ Shusn't, ist pers. ; wcin't, and and 3rd.
IV. Subjunctive Mood. [In E. dial., lornis which are
used for the Indie, may also be used lor the Subj., or be is
used for all pers.]
1. Present Affirmative.
BnfT. If aa bees, Ellis, 778. Gall. If thou beest frare^; if he, it
bees (A.W.L Ant. If I, you, the house bC-s ; />/. bes 1 S.A.B."! ; If
he bes comin' let him come at yinst, Ballymciia Uhs. (18921. N.I.'
If you biz goin' I'll go too. When tliat work bees finished 3*0 may
go. l^hb. sing. Beez or biz, obsol. If the hoozes becz (^R.O. H.).
's.Cum. 5H;,g'. Is (J.H. ). e.Yks. si'h^. Is ; ifhoosesis (R.S.). m.Lan.
If they be, Ellis, 358. Lan.i 'Tis all one to me, bin they easy
or hard, BvnoM Poems (1804) I. 22. n.Lin. If tlioo's, if they
is (rare) (M.P.). n.War. If I, 'e are, if it am; if we, &c. am
(G.F.N.) Oxf.i If thee bist, MS. add. w.Brks. Nif thee beest
(M.J.B.V s.Ken. If I're i.P.M.I. s.Wil. If thee bist (C.V.G.\
m.Dor. If tha bist , H.J.M. . nw.Dev. If thee'rt orthee't; if you,
they'm (R.P.C.V Cor.^ If so be thee'rt or if thee beest.
2. Present Negative.
Sli.I. If du is or bees no (K.I.'>. Abl. Gin there binna hcrrin'
get a skate, Alexander Joliniiy Gihb ( 1871 , vi. s Sc. Vfaa bynna,
or bena, Murray Dial. (1873 219. Lnk. You're the only vcsitor*
I've had the day, if it binna an iinpident vagabond o' a beggar.
Eraser ll'han/s 1 1895^ xiii. N.I.^ I can carry it, if it bissent too
weighty. If it bisna the right thing, we canny work wi' it. Nli'j.
Ifaais not, thoo beez not, iznt. or binna ; if he beez not. if the hoozes
binna orizn't(R.O.H.). Cum. My sangs sail be true, if they urrent
sac fine, Gilpin Ballads (18741 'S''' s.Cum. sing. Isn't (J.H.\
■Wm.i I wish thoo baint wrang. n.Yks. If ah. thu cint ; if we. &c.
cint (R.H.H.X e.Yks. If I isn't, ifhoosesisn't iRS.). w.Yks.i 1
wish 3X binnotbown to chccat nic. n.Lan. If tlic^' errant freetent
o' thersells, Morris Lchhy Berk Dohby 1 1867') 5. s.Lan. Same as
Indie. (S.W.) Not.^Arn't or ein't. n.Lin.If I aren't, if thoo isn't,
if th' hooses isn't (M.P.) ; (J.T.F.) n.War. Aint, arnt, or baint,
sing, and //. ; also 'm, fl. iG.F.N.) s.Wor. Bcn't, bcan't oryean't,
sing, and />/. (H.K.) Oxf.' If thee bisn't, 'e ycnt, client, MS. add.
w.Brks. If thee bistnt (M.J.B.). m.Hrt. If it aint or baint. Ellis,
202. n.Wil. If thee bisn't (E.H.G.l. s.Wil. If thee bisn't, if't'ycnt
(C.VG.). m.Dor. Baynt, 5/;/^5-. and//. (H.J.M.) nw.Dev. Iftlice
at'n, a id'n (R.P.C.). w.CoV. If I aren't, thou bainst (M.A.C.).
Cor.^ If thou bccsn't.
3. Past Affirmative.
Sh I. sing. Wiz I K. I . Abd. As thoo it wez, Ellis, 772. s.Sc.
Yf aa waar or was, Murray Dial (1873 aig. Nh'j. sing. War.
wor, or wiz; if the hoozes wiz (R.O. II.). Cuin. sing. Was
(J.A.) ; (J.H.) ne.Yks. If we was, t'liooses was iM.C.F. M.\
e.Yks. Was, sing, and />/. (R..S.) s.Lan. If we'rn, j'o'rn, thcy'rn
(S.W.). n.Lin. Was, sing, and pi. (M.P.I, Lei. (C.K.), n.War.
(G.F.N.), s.Wor. (H.K.) Hrf. If s'be I was (R.M.E.\ m.Oxf.
If I biant, Ellis, 126. Oxf.^ If I wuz, thee wust ; 'e, &c. wuz,
MS. add. Ken. Was, sing, and />/. (D.W.L.): (P.M ) n Hmp.
Ifthcewast, Ellis, 104. n.Wil. If we,thc3' vv.is (E.ll G.). nw.Dev.
If thee wast ; us, &c. was (R.P.C.). Cor.^ If I was, tliou wast or
thee wert; he, &c. was.
. 4. Past Negative.
Sh.I. If I, dii, he wi/ na Jv. I.). s.Sc. Yf aa waarna or wasna,
VOL. I.
Murray Z)/Vj/. (1873) 219. Nhb. War not, warn't, or wornt: if
the hoozes wasn't (R.O.H.). ra.Cum. sing. Wazzent (JA.). s.Cum.
Wasn't, cxc. and and 3rd pi. (J.H.) ne.Yks. Wasn't, s;(i,j. and
pi. (M.C.F.M.) e.Yks. Warn't, *i)i^. and pi. (RS.), w.Yk*.
(S.O.A.>, Not.2 n.Lin. Wasn't, smj^. and //. (J.T.F.); (M.P.),
Lei. (C.E.) n.War. Wasn't vr worn't (G.F.N. ), s.Wor. (H.K.)
Ox''.' If I wuzn't, thee wuzns't ; 'e. &c. wuzn't, MS. add. w.Suf.
Wasn't. .51'"^'. and />/. iC.G.B.) s.Ken. \\^ aAn , sing, and pi . P.M.)
s.Wil. If I wurden, thee wursn't. he wurdcn ; pi. wurden C.V.G).
e.Som. If thee wasn't (G.b.). nw.Dev. If I wad'n, thee wast'n ;
a, &c. wad'n (R.P.C.).
V. Imperative Mood, Affirmative and Negative.
s.Sc. Bynna, dynna bcj-, Murray Dial. 1873 219. Ayr. Binna
in owre great a haste, Sii.i.au Poems (1789 33. N.Cy.' Sliem bin
.ve [shame be on you'. N'lb. Dinna be ^R.O.H.). s.Cum.
Dunnot be (J.H.V n.Yks. In strong anger ' See thu ba nQt ' is
commonly used R.H.H.\ Oxf.' Bist, bisn't. J/5, add. m.Dor.
Do 'e be II. J. M.^. Cor.^ Don't ce be, beintce, or bissent.
VI. Infinitive Mood.
m.Dor. To have a bin ■ H.J.M. \ w.Som. Tu bee or vur tfi bfe,
Elwortiiy Grain. (1877 57. Dev. Vur tfl be, ta 'ave abin. tO be
agwaiuc vur til be, Heweit Peas. Sp. (18921 5. nw.Dev. Vor be,
vor 10 be ; vor have been, vor to have been (R.P.C.).
VII. Participles.
1. pip., usually liciii'. cxce])t in tlie following cases.
s.Sc. Bc\-and, be\-an, Mukr.vv Dial. 1B73 219. s.Cum. Be'an
I J H.\
2. pp. Written been or bin in all cases except the
following.
Wxf.' B.a. n.Yks. Ilaaving blan (R.H.H.\ Lin. Wheer 'asta
beiin saw long and mcii liggin' ere aloan ? Tennyson N. Fanner,
Old Style (1864) St. i. I.W. Ben up hoam. Dacter ? Gray Aniiesley
(i889ri. .Nxix ; LW.' Ben. m.Dor. Having a-bin (H.J.M.\ Som.
What have 'ee a-bin up to ? Raymond Love and Quiet Life (1894)
98. w.Som.' ' Be' is very common in the Hill district. Uuraath-n
u-bee tu chuurch ziinz Ivuursmus [she has not been to church
since Christmas]. Dev. I've a be up to Vicarage. Grose : 1 790) MS.
add. (C.) ; Nurse Margery's beed out lookin'vor tha'. Madox-Bkown
Divalc BInth (1876) bk. 11. iii. n.Dev. I've bccd a quarter be tha
watch. Rock y//)! an Nell (1867; st. 29. Cor. Ef I'd ben killed,
Forfar Pentosan (1859) '■
VIII. Idiomatic uses of to be.'
1. To pay, contribute, be at the cost of.
Ayr. Now, mind, ye're to pa^' for't a' : I'll no be a single bawbee,
Galt Sir A. Wylie (1822) xii. Suf. He insists on being his share
iF.H.).
2. To stay, remain, ' bide.' q.v.
Der. O'll bcigh [as I am] ^S.O.A.).
3. Was used for -Ment.
Rut.' I never was from Thorpe to Stahmford afoor. Lei.'
4. Is used for have.
Eut.' In freq. use. I am been wonderful bad. m.Nhp. I am
read 1 usual i, Ellis, 218. m.Bdf. You'll be to get, I'A. 209. e.Hrl.
1 are done (commoni, ib. 198. ni.Hnt. I am bought it, ib. ai2.
s Nr.'. I are done, ib. a8o.
5. Continuous or Frequent, uses ; Frequent, used for
Simple Prcs.
Higli. Sc. It iss nothin' the whitin's iss liking [likes] so well as
a bit of himself. Steel Ron'ons ( 1895) 152. Irel. 1 do be wonder-
ing, I am often wondering; I did be asliing them, I repeatedly
asked (J B.\ s.Wxf. Consuctudinal present, I bees. Well, scz
she, what bees ailin' j-ou now? Sliaiimck (Feb. 3, 1894) 297.
n.Dev. We've been killing a lot of fish in that water avore now,
Reports Provinc. ( 1 88 1 ) 9.
6. Phr. (I) Be [it) as il zvill. in any case, however; (2)
he >ta. if it be not, except ; (3) lo have been to a meal, to
have had a meal ; (4) lo leave or lei l>e,\o let alone, to leave
undisturbed ; in s;en. use ; (5) as should be, correctly, as it
ought to be ; (6) lo-morroiv, &^c. is a ivcek, a week to-
morrow.
( i) S. & Ork.' Brks.> Be't as t'ooll I be a-gwaayn to zell them
shi|) to daay. Sus.' s.v. I.etbchow'twill. Hmp.' Dor. Be't how
'twull, Martha, her be a good-natured zoul, Hare Vill. Street ,1895)
244. Dev. Iler'th amarricd tfl last then, beats 'twill. Hewett
Peas. Sp. ( 1892) ; I don't know when he went there, but bee at s-
will. he's there. Reports Provine. (1886) pi. (2 Lnk. The folk are
a' cum. binnae twathrce (Jam.\ Hdg. Binna when I tint my Nell,
I've httle pree'd o' care, LvMsnr.\ Slieep L/ead. 187. Gall. I had
spoken to nobody bena the senant lass frae Aberdeen. Crockett
D d
BE
[202]
BEACH
S/iclti't Mill (1893-) 62; A Gall, man never says 'except. The
bairns are a' weel. be na Tarn that has the branks (S.R.C.). (3)
■wSom.i In speaking of meals, the usual mode of inquiry, if the
repast has been taken, is : V-ee biin tu diin-ur ? [have you had your
dinner '] ' I've been to breakfast," simply means I have eaten it, and
implies no movement whatever, from or to any place in the
process. So ' We went to supper avore we started,' merely means
that we had supper. Dev. Have you been tu breakfast? Reports
Provinc. (1883 1 81 . (4I Sc. He let be the rope, Stevenson Catriona
(1892) XV. Per. They winna let me be, Nicoll Poems (1837) 144,
ed. 1843. n.Yks. Ah sud a letten him be, Munby Verses (1865") 56.
w.Yks. Let that barn be {1S..V>.\ n.Lin. (J.T.F.), n.Glo. (S.S.B.^,
(5) Brks.i That bed yent maayde as should be. (6) s.Wm. Ye
diinnet addle as mickle ta day, as we did Friday was a week.
HuTTON Dia. Stotih and Arnside (1760-) 1. 28. s.Oxf. Us clubbed
together las' Thursday was a fortnight, Rosemary Chilterns ( 1895)
98! Nrf. Lizzie corned last Wednesday wus a week (W.R.E.;.
Suf. 'Twas there to-morrow is a week (,M.E.R.).
BE-, prcf. Van dial, of Sc. Irel. and Eng. [bi-, ba- ]
I. Used to form deriv. v., usually with factitive or
intensive meaning, from v., sb., or adj.
1. As principal v.
Sc. Tak' tent that nae man begowk you, Henderson St. Matt.
(1862) xxiv. 4; I bePiuram'd [befooled 1 them wi' Colonel Talbot,
Scott Waverley 1 1814 1 Ixxi. S. & Ork.' Bevaar, to protect, guard.
Bnffi He misca'ed a word, bit he betook himsel' at aince.
Wxf.i Besmorth, to besmear. n.Yks.= It's a noise that be-daffs
fooaks. Come here an" I'll bcfang thee. Wheea behight thee ?
[what is your name ?] e.Yks. Deean't gan an bemeean thisen bi
gannin wiv hor, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889I 92. m.Yks.^ Whobe-
avves [owns] this barn ? Lau.' Avv've seen him afore, that's sartin,
but, for mi loife, aw conno bethink me wheer. Chs.' It's an ill bird
that bedeets its own nest. Stf.^ Wean bcliopes aa'U come reet i' th'
end. n.Lin.i The thunner an' lightnin' bemaased me. sw.Lin.'
I don't know what has begot it [happened to it]. Nhp.' Belace,
to chastise with a strap. The children are bespoke [bewitched].
se.'Wor.' Bemoil, to daub with mud or other filth. Shr.' Be-fangle,
be-spattle. Besmotter, obsol , to smear or daub with mud or other
sticky dirt. W'eerever han yo bin to besmudge yoreself all o'er
athatns? Hrf.' The birds bewray the church. s.Pem. An awl dog
came after me, but I belaid'n (W.M.M,). Glo. I 'ev heard un be-
call the parsons sky-high, Gissing Vill. Hampden (i8go) I. xi.
Suf.i Where did you bestow [stow away] that there hahm ? Sus.'
A common pref to vbs., generally conveying a reflective and in-
tensitive power, as be-smeared, be-muddled, be-spangled. Hmp.^
Betwit, to taunt, upbraid. Wil.' Her do becall [abuse] I shameful.
w.Som.' I do behope ... I shall be able to get about a bit. Twuz
wuul beenoad t-aul dhu paa'reesh [it was well understood by all
the parish]. A common pref. to vbs., generally having a strengthen-
ing force, as in beknown, beneaped ; but sometimes having the
force of the pref mis in misbehave, as in becall, &c. n.Dev. Us
vvur betwitting Bob to-day, Rock Jim an' Nell (i86-;) st. 68 : Drink
had begoodger'd creunting Dick, ib. St. 105. Cor.i Your flowers
are bedabbercd [faded J.
2. p>-/>. or pp. used as adj. or adv.
Sc. I danced round and round about, . . . rubbing my begrittcn
face with my coatsleeve, MoiR Mansie IVaiich (1828) v. Cum. An'
lasses whilly-liltit out As they had been betrattl't, Stagg Upshot
(1811). 'Wm. & Cum.' I think the puir lass is just warse nor be-
deaver'd, 314. n.Yks. * Be-deeaviU'd, evil disposed. Be grown,
covered over, as a wall with ivy. Bc-secked or Be-sacked, dis-
charged from employment. ne.Yks.' Belantered (in rare use),
belated, benighted. w.Yks. Cattle are said to be betwenged when
sufl'ering from a disease which causes them to swell up about the
eyes and tail, Lucas Stud. Kiddcrdaleic. 1882). Chs.'Betwitchelled,
overcome with inquisitiveness. n.Lin.' Tliaay did look begone
when thaay seed me. I'm much beholding to you, sir, for them
sticks you've gin us. Nhp.' You're sadly behad [said in ironical
commiseration]. A person walking by the side of another, and
unable to keep pace, would be quite belaggcd. Oxf.' 'Km be much
beliked. Ken.' I wunt be beholden to a Deal clipper, leastways
not if I knows it. Dor.' The luoaded tree bent low Behung wi'
apples, 180. Som. He do git that bcgrumpled [affronted] you'd
think the clouds must vail, Raymond Gent. Upcott (1893) 87.
n.Dev. Love isn't a mere simalhin Begaiged [bewitched] wi' bloo
o' lips or skin. Rock Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 135. w.Cor. I have
got a most bedoling pain in my teeth (^M.A.C.J. Cjf.' A poor
beheemed [sickly] cretur.
II. Used to form sb.
Sc. If I havena gi'en Inch-Grabbit and Jamie Howie a bonnie
begunk, they ken themsells, Scott Waverley {i^h) Ixxi; That be-
gowker said while he was yet livin'. After three days I will rise
again, Henderson St. Matt. (1862) xxvii. 63. N.I.' He has no
behopes of bciii' any better. Cum.^ Begonk, a disappointment,
a ' sell.' s.Chs.' Ahy)m i gild bi-oa-ps, ivah woz tu aav u iiz-bund
dhis ver-i neyt, Rtitli i. 12. Stf.^ Oi'm in behopes as oi'U have a
paind or two next wik. w.Som.' Dhur id-11 noa bee-oa-ldeenees
een ut, uuls wee eod-n ae'u-n [there is no beholdingness (.obligation)
in it. or we would not have it].
III. Used to form adv. ; also occas. used as prep.
Sc. The lang loan benorth the kirkyaird, Stevenson Catriona
(1892) XV. S. & Ork.' Befram, to seaward. Ayr. Belyve, the
elder bairns come drapping in, Burns Cotter's Sat. Night (iiSs).
Dmf. His father gart them flee for fear and sculk belyve, Mayne
Siller Giin(i8o8j82. Ir. ''Very belike, 'said Mrs. Ryan, 'he's bringin'
somethin' to you,' Barlow Ltsconnel (1895) 20. s.'Wxf. He gets
goin' these roads betimes [occasionally]. Shamrock (Mar. 3, 1894)
360. Nlib.' Are ye gannin' ? — Not belikely. Cum.i Aa'l pay thee
belyve [soon, after a while]. n.Yks.i There'll be a service at
'chapel belive [in the evening] ; n.Yks.^ Ivver seea far behither
[very far beyond this place]. Lin. Svveet-arts ! Molly belike may 'a
lighted to-night upo' one, Tennyson Spinster's Sweet-arts (1885).
Nhp.' Will you go to the fair? Belike I shall. w.Wor.' If yu canna
staay now, behappcn you'll step in i' the marnin' ? Shr.' ' Be'appen,
says Jack Dallovv,' is a sa3'ing current about Bridgenorth. Brks.*
Now ut raains a wunt come belike. Sur. He is about six yards
befront, A^. & Q. (1889) 7th S. vii. 205. Sus.'2 Behither, on this
side. Used as adv. and prep. w.Som.' Behapyou mid-n be there,
and then what be I to do ? I shall be up betime tomorrow morning.
Dev. 'E aimeth tu gert thengs, an' belikes'ell git um, tu! Hewett
Peas. Sp. (1892) 46.
BE, prep. Var. dial, [bi, bs, Nhb. also be.]
1. The common dial, pronunc. and spelling of by, in its
var. lit. or dial, meanings, q.v.
Sc. John's auld be him [compared with him] (Jam.). s.Sc. ' Be '
and ' bye ' are distinct, ' be ' being used of the instrument or author
iijTo ; ' bye ' of place and mental relationship Trapa . . . and preserves
this sense when compounded, as bye-common, by-ordnar, Murray
Dial. (1873) 229. Rxb. This field is bigger be [than] that (Jam.).
Ir. ' I'll meet you agin to-morra,' says he, 'be the chapel-door,'
Tennyson 7o-»;o)vo«<(i885). Nhb. ' Be,' for ' b3',' takes the sound
of the short c, as heard in the words, bet, met, pet. ' Be ' is changed
into 'biv' before a vowel, RoBSOKA'ocf. Sng.Sol. (1859, Notes; Aw
teuk me seat be day an' neet, Robson Evangeline (1870) 332.
Cum.3 An' be that time o' day, 3. n.Yks. Like a leeaf be firm decree
Mun fade an" fall, Castillo Poems (1878) 35. Lan. O ful tru un
pertiklcr akeawnt o . . . th' greyt Eggshibishun. Be o felley fro
Rachde, Ormerod FcUey fro Rachde (1851) Title : Lan.i Nay, thae
mun goo wi me ; awst noan tak that gate be niysell. n.Lan.
Fetchin' it yan ... be a round about rooad, Piketah Forncss Flk.
(1870) 44; n.Lan.' n.Lin.' She'll hev gotten her things on be-noo.
You'll not get him to do that be noa means whativer. Dev.
Go thy way vorth be tha vootsteps uv tha vlock, Baird Sng. Sol.
(i860) i. 8.
2. Forming the first unemphatic syllable of oaths.
Ir. Begorra, bedad, begonnies. If your bees are as big as
ponies and your hives no bigger than ours are, how do your bees
get into your bee-hives ? — Begob, that's their own afl'air. Pop.
story (G. M.H.I ; Bejabers, you've got it now. Barlow Lisconnel
(lags') 58 ; Bedad, I've set fut on a dale of land you'll niver grow
pitaties in, ib. Kerrigan (1896) 112. Nhb.' Begock, Begox, an ex-
clamation meaning •byGox,'or 'by God!' Becrike, by Christ! a
profane exclamation which is often heard as 'becrikey!' or 'crikey!'
Odsmarcy ! wey, marrow, becrike, it's Lord 'Size ! Shield 71/v ion/
'Size, Allan's Coll. 158. Wm.' Begok. Chs.' Bezonter me! but
aw'm fair gormed. n.Lin.' Be-gor, be gock, be-gow, be-gum, be-
jegs, be-jeggers. Sur. Be-gum is in common use (G.L.G.). 'Wil.
Begar thay look'd main queer. Slow Rhymes (1889) 59. Som.
Begorras, begamme (J. S. F. S.'). n.Dev. Begorsey ! vor a
coager's en' I'll till 'e vivety better men, Rock Jim an' Nell
(1867') St. 85.
BEACE, see Beas.
BEACH, sb. and v. Ken. Sus. [bit/.]
1. sb. Pebbles or shingle taken from the beach or sea-
shore, used for road-making, covering the sleepers on
railroads, &c.
Ken. Paid Thos. Whatt for bringing 18 tuns beach ^5 8s. od ,
IVarehornc Higlnvay Bk. (1771). The word is very common in both
Orlestone and Wareliorne Parish Bks. ; in every-day use at present
(P.M.). Susl
BEACH-BOY
[203]
BEAINER
2. V. To cover a road or footpath witli beach.
Ken. Paid Mr. Wm. Hovvland as per bill for beaching the road
by Sugar Loaf House, Oilcs/oiic Highway Bk. (18131 (P.M.).
BEACH-BOY, sb. Sh.I. A boy employed at a fishing-
station to assist in curing fish on the stone beaches.
s. & Ork.'
BEACHCOMBER, sb. I. Ma. Naut. Slang. One who
hangs about the sea-shore or river-bank on the loolcout
for jobs.
I. Ma. I'll pay you, you beachcomber, Caine Dcinislcr (1887) 72,
ed. 1889. Nau^. slang. A rascally ' beach-comber ' planning how
he can best cheat the simple villagers, Slaiiilayd (Oct. 31, 1889)
5, col. 2 ; Before I reached it a ' beach-comber ' . . . asked me if he
should tow me ' up to 'Ampton,' Jeffeiues Open Air (1885) 137 ;
Beach-comber is the local term for the European adventurers and
long shore loafers who infest the Pacific archipelagoes, Lang
Loiigtii. Mag. (18851 VL 417 (Farmer).
BEACON- WEED, see Bacon-weed.
BEAD, sb. sw.Sc. (Jam.) [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] In phr. to mo^e a bead, used to signify that
a ring of people is formed on any hurried or important
business.
sw.Sc. This phr. has originated from the vulgar idea of the
formation of the adder-stone. The adders assemble in a certain
time of summer to cast off their sloughs and renew their age. . . .
The sloughs are collected and plastered over with frothy saliva
and again wrought to and fro till they are condensed and shaped
into an adder bead. . . . The bead is often left, and it is treasured
up by the shepherds as a talisman of good luck, Reyit. Nilhsdale
Sng. III.
BEAD, w.i Obs. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Not. Lin. War.
Dev. Also written bede Nhb.'
1. To pray.
n.Cy. Grose ^1790). Nhb.', w.Yks.*
2. In coiiip. (i) Bead-house, (rt)an alms-house or religious
house, (b) a workhouse ; (2) Bead(sfolk, (3) -man, (4)
•wife, (5) -woman, persons who inhabited religious
houses and 'alms-houses, and offered up prayers for the
repose of the souls of the founders.
(I, a) So. iG.W.s Dur. (K.j, n.Yks.12, s.Not. (J.P.K.), n.i:,in.i,
War.^ Dev.3 The bead-house stood within the boundaries of the
churchyard walls and was occupied, until very recently, by the
sexton or clerk and the butty woman. (A) m.Yks.' (2') Nhb.'
The hospital of our Lady called West Gate Spital was founded, as
it is reported, by the inhabitants of the town of Newcastle, for
the purpose, among other objects, of keeping six beadfolks in
the almshouse there, Welford Hist, of A'cwc. in XVI. Cent., 235
Item : To the bede-folk at certain times, 5s lod. ; for twentj'
chalder of coals to the bede-folk, 17s. t\d., ib. a02. (3) Sc. The
puirest beadsman of St Andrews, Wilson 7V?/fs (1836) II. 279.
Nhb.' The hospital of St. Mary Magdalene at Newcastle provides
for 'three poor beadsmen.' n.Yks.' ; n.Yks,^ 0!)S, Beadsman,
one in old times appointed to pray or 'tell his beads' for the
welfare, temporal and spiritual, of his benefactors; kings having
their pensioned beadsmen in different places, who wore a cloak
of a given colour with a shoulder-badge. (4) n.Yks.' ^ (5)
n.Yks.l
[The dial. vb. bead (bede) is the same word as ME. bede,
a prayer. I stode seyinge my bede. Cursor M. (c. 1300)
17672. OE. (gc)bed, a praj'er, cogn. w. OS. beda, OFris.
bede. (i) Bedehouse, an alms house, so called because
it is supposed the poor people should there pray for
their benefactors. Ash (1795); Bede-house, an hospital
or alms-house, Kersey (1715I ; Thre bede houssez in ye
seid townof Nottingham, Noil. Rec. (1543) III. 397.
OE. bed-hiis, a house of prayer (Hatton G. (c. 1160) Malt.
xxi. 13), hence Wei. bettivs (in names of places). Cp.
OHG. bete-hus, ' templum ' \Ps. Trcv. l.xxviii. i). (3)
Bedes-men or poor people who pray'd for their founders
and benefactors, Phillips (1706) ; Beadsman, orator,
precator. Skinner (1671); I will be thy beadsman,
Valentine, Shaks. Tii'o Gent. i. i. 18. (5) My humblest
service to his grace : I am his beadswoman, Shirley
Gratef. Serv. (1629) in. i. (N.E.U.)]
BEAD, v.^ Yks. [bisd, e.Yks. bid.] To fence in land
with long rods, thorns, &c., in order to prevent sheep from
getting out. See Beard.
n.Yks. Its 3 bad job yon sheep's gitan startid a laupin auor
t'wOl [wall] (it .->t lotment on tot muar. Wi mon ev t'wol biadid on
stop am if wo kan. Its o piti we didnt bi.->d t'wOl sinnOr; it aut to
obin biodid wen wo turned cm in biiits (W. H.).
Hence Beadin, a dead hedge, or a hedge made of dead
thorns.
e.Yks.'
BEAD, ;';//. Obs. ? n.Cy. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] Indeed! by my beads!
n.Cy. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.)
BEAD-BIND, .sA limp. Black briony, rn«(«<; tow-
t)UilUS.
Hmp. I J. R.W.I ; Hmp.'
BEADLE, sb. Obs. ? m.Yks.' A person receiving
parish pay or alms. Sec Bead-house, (i).
BEADLESS, adj. Cum. Also written beaddless
Cum.' [bidlas.]
1. Of persons: intolerant of suffering, impatient of pain.
Cum. Auld Wilson was a headless body, Caine S/iad. Crime
(18851 29; Cum.'3
2. Of pain, suffering, &c. : intolerable, hard to bear.
Cum.*^ For it fcistcr't an* wark't wid sa headless a stoon, 160:
Me savs the pain's headless, but then he's a headless body, iO. 164.
BEADS, si.' Irel. [bedz.] A rosary.
Ir. She wanted a ' hades,' a rosary, which was to be kept till
the time that Pat would be .able to bless it for her, Francis
Fustian 118951 g; Still used iJ.M.ff.).
[Beads, lit. prayers. See Bead. The word was trans-
ferred to the series of little balls threaded upon a string,
by which balls the prayers were counted olT.J
BEADS, sb.'^ pi. Wil.' The procumbent pcarUvort,
Sas^ina prociiiiibeiis.
BEADUS, sec Bead-house.
BEAGLE, I'. Cor.'2 Ibigl.] In phr. 5ca.?-/(' //.' some-
times Ad beagle I'l .' A mild imprecation, ' bother it ! '
BEAGLE, sb.'- Sc. Nhb. [brgl.] A sheriff's officer ;
a beadle.
ne.Sc. They say there's beagles oot aifter the unfortunate
lad himsel'. Grant Keel^leton, 132. Per. A gentleman's house
was watched by beagles or bumbailies, because lie had been
declared bankrupt (G.W.). Edb. That it was the beagles come in
search of me, MoiR Maiisie IVanelt \ 1828 103. Dmf. These beagles
(lew To ha'd the souter lads in order, Mav.ve Sitter Gun !i8oB* 72.
Nhb.' Blind Willy slawly led the band, As beagle o' tlie waj', man,
Marshall (c. 1869') Luc/tcy's Dream.
[The same as beas;le (the small dog for hunting).]
BEAGLE, sb.'^ ' Sc. Yks. Lan. Der. War. Won Slir.
Dev. Cor. Also written beeagle n.Vks.'^; baigle Lan.'
War.' Shr.« ; bagle Shr.= Cor.' =
L An oddly or grotesquely dressed figure ; a ' fright,'
a ' guy,' a ' scarecrow.'
Rxb. One bespattered with mud is said to be • a pretty beagle'
(Jam.). n.Yks.'; n.Yks.^ A bonny bceagle ! m.Yks.' w.Yks.
He tummlcd i t'midden, and when he gat out he wor a bonny
beagle (F. K.); w.Yks. ^ Yo nivver saw such a beagle; w.Yks.*
Lan. ' Well, thae'rt a bonny baigle, owd mon.' said Enoch, laughing.
'Baigle!' replied Twitchel ; 'feel at mo! Aw met ha' bin in a
tr,-iycle-tub,' Wauch Besom Ben (1865 v; Lan.' 'Thae'rt a bonny
baigle !' phr. applied to anybody who is starllingly kenspcckle, or
curious. Der.'^, nw.Der.'
2. An opprobrious epithet applied to a depraved, un-
manageable, and troublesome person.
War.^ Wor. Beagle is used here, applied to women and children.
A man will call his wife a beagle ; children are so called in times
of anger or irritation. Goo along oi'ee, 'ec nasty little beagle
(H-KT). Shr.' 'Er's a nasty baigle, that's whad 'er is; Shr.*
n.Dev. Tha art a beagle, E.xm. Seotd. (1746) 1. 243. Cor.' Be
quiet, jou young bagle; Cor.* [To say 'You are a special
beagle,' is the same as to say 'You are a good for nothing,'
DvcHE & Pardon Diet. (1744V]
[A precious beagle, lioiiiofiililis, iiiep/iis. iiiiprobus, Coles
(1679). Prob. the same as beagle (a small dog for hunting*,
often glossed with the mg. of ' bitch.' A beagle, petite
iliieiiiie, Sherwood (1672) ; Beglc, caitictila, Levies Afaiiip.
BEAINER, sb. Sh.I. A dog. See Benbiter.
Sh.L Bcaincr is a 'lucky word,' used by some of the fisher-
men at the • haaf ' or deep-sea fishing. During the fishing it was
customary to avoid the ordinary names of persons, animals, and
D d 2
BEAINER-SUNDAY
[204]
BEAL
things, and to use paraphrases. The custom is now obsolete, but
many of these 'lucky words' or ' haaf- words ' survive, used most
often in joke fJ.J.)- S. & Ork.i
BEAINER-SUNDAY, sb. Sh.I. The Sunday before
Cliristmas, on which day it was customary to eat an ox-
head for supper.
Sh.I. This custom is still observed (K.I.) ; (J J.) S. & Ork.i
BEAK, sb} Var. dial. uses, [bik, biak.]
1. The nose, the face.
Nhb. They'll find queer stinks in thor beeks, Keehiiiii's Ami.
(1869) 28 ; Nhb.l To the beak o' the second aw held up me fist,
Bob Crankv (1815). We'll get penny loaves, an' drink tiv wor
beak, Old'Sng., Collier's Raul. War.a
Hence Beaky, having a prominent nose.
Nhb.i
2. A curved cutting mattock used in reclaiming land.
Wil. The rough grass and moss, and the whole surface of the
land, were chopped up with a curved cutting mattock, called a
'beak,' Davis Agric. (181 1) xii ; Wil.'
3. The ploughed land on the plat of the downs near
Heytesbury, so called from having been reclaimed as
above.
Wil.' In the DeveriUs, parts of many of the down farms are
known as the Bake, or, more usually, the Burn-bake.
4. The hook or crane over a kitchen fireplace on which
pots are hung.
w.Yks. Lucas Shid. Nidderdnle (c. i88i) 233 ; w.Yks.' n.Lin.'
The reckin hook.
5. The pointed part of a blacksmith's anvil.
n.Lin.' w.Som. ' The pointed end of a common anvil is called
the bik u dhu anvee-ul [beak of the anvil].
6. The outshoot of a spout, a gurgoyle.
n Lin.*
7. The brim or peak of a hat or cap ; extended also to
the hat itself.
w.Yks.^ T'beak'n a hat. The ' beak 'of a cap, the two 'beaks'
on an infantry soldier's full-dress hat, &c. What's tuh geen fur
that beak ? Gotten his granfathther's beak on !
BEAK, sb? In gen. dial, or slang use. [bik, biak.]
A magistrate.
Yks. All they [i.e. the police] think about is taking poor chaps,
and bringing 'em before the beak, Fetherston Fanner, 10.
w.Yks. Inspector sed as t'beaks wornt sittin' (W. F.") ; w.Yks.^
Mid. I stood in the Court of A'Beckett the Beak, Thackeray
Ballads (1855. 124. Sus. I scarcely know which is the softer
'beak' — as we are called— you, or Sir Roland, Blackmore
Alice Lorraine (1875; III. vi. Slang. Save you from them air
beaks as catched you, Rabv Ralller 1 1845) ix ; When you walk
by a beak's order, it's not straight forerd, but alwaj's a going
up and niver a coming down agin, Dicke.ns O. Tivist (1850I
viii ; I was fined two pounds by the beak. Haggard Col. Ouariicii
(1888) III. V ; P'raps if I jiidn't I shouldn't have been dragged up
before the beak so many times for a disturbing of the public peace,
Dy. Tel. (April 8, 1896) 6, col. i ; In the last century Sir John
Fielding was called 'the blind beak,' A', if Q. (1873) 4th S. xii.
200. Cant Life B, M. Carew (1791) Gl.; A rum beak, Moiitldy
Mag. (1799) I. 22.
BEAK, V. Var. dial. uses, [bik.]
1. To kiss.
Not. fJ.H.B.); Not.'
2. Of birds : to attack with the bill.
Dev. Like cocks for ever at each other beaking, Peter Pindar
Wks. (i8i6j 140, ed. 1830.
3. To chop up with a ' beak ' or mattock the rough sur-
face of land that is to be reclaimed, afterwards burning the
parings. See Burn-beak.
Wil.'
Hence Beaking, vhl. sb. the process of chopping up the
surface of the ground with a 'beak' or mattock in re-
claiming land.
Wil. The operation is still frequently called 'beaking and
burning,' Davis Agric. (.i8ii_; xii.
BEAK, see Beek.
BEAKING-FULL, adj. pin: Nhb. Yks. [Unknown to
our other correspondents.) Full to repletion.
N.Cy.', Nhb.l w.Yks. Well known but very little used, and only
amongst old people (J. A.}.
BEAK-IRON, sb. Nhb. Der. Bdf Som. Also written
beck-iron Der.° nw.Der.' Bdf. ; bick-iron Nhb.' [bik-,
be'k-, brk-aian] A cooper's anvil.
Nhb.i, Der.=, nw.Der.', Bdf. (J.W.B.). w.Soin.' The iron T
used by coopers, on which they hammer and rivet their hoops.
[Beakiron, a bickern, a tool used by blacksmiths. Ash
(1795) ; They have no other word in the Spanish language
for a bickhorn or a bench vice, than Vigoniia, Dillon
Trav. Spain (1781) 145 (N.E.D.) ; A blacksmith's anvil . . .
is sometimes made with a pike or bickern or beak-iron at
one end ot it, Moxon Mec/i. E.x. (1677) 3. This word in its
various forms, which are due to assoc. w. E. words, such
as beak, and iron and horn, is of Fr. origin. Cp. Fr. bi-
gonic, 'petite enclume dont Ics extremites sont en pointe'
(Hatzfeld) ; It. bicoiin'a, ' a kinde of crooked anuile that
gold-smiths vse ' (Florid) ; Sp. bigornia, ' the iron upon
which ferriers turne or worke horse shooes' (Minsheu).
A der. of Lat. biconiis, with two horns (cp. G. doppelhorn).
The word appears in Flem. as begoric (bigorie), see Vuyl-
STEKE.]
BEAKMENT, sb. Obs. n.Cy. A measure containing
four quarts. See Beatment.
n.Cy. Grose ,1790).
[She gott a beakment of wheat flower, Depos. Yrk.
Caslle (1673), Surtees Soc. (1861) 194 ]
BEAKS, sb. pi. Nhb. A punishment inflicted upon
the loser in a game of marbles, by ' firing' a marble at the
knuckles.
Nhb. ' Knuckle doon, an' tyek }-or beaks.' The loser of a game
is obliged to place his doubled nicf upon the ground and to hold
it there whilst each of his opponents jerks his playing marble
against his knucldes. At the beginning of a game ' Let's play for
beaks ' is called. The loser suft'ers a painful ordeal in enduring
his»' beaks,' but it is considered mean to shirk or even to wince
at the infliction (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.'
BEAL, s6.' Dor. [bll.] A small kind of weasel.
s.Dor. ' One of them guinea-pigs has been bitteft by a beal.'
Beal is certainly the recognized word in the vallej- of the Stonr — .
I think also in ■ the Vale.' To make sure of * beal " being correct
I applied to one of the ancients, whose opinion is as follows :
' There is three sorts : weazel, stoat, and beal, but all belong to the
same spicey ' [species] (C.K.P.).
[OFr. bele (mod. belle), fem. of bcl {beau), beautiful ; cp.
OFr. bellcttc (mod. belette), a weasel. Betctle, ' proprt., la
jolie petite bete' (Hatzfeld). See Fairy (weasel). Cp.
the name of the weasel in various languages : Fr. dial.
(Rouergat) la poidido (pretty) ; Dan. dial, den kiipnne
(pretty) ; Bavarian das sclwn-thieiiein (the pretty little
creature).]
BEAL, •?'.' and sb.'^ Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Lin. Also written beel Cum. ne.Yks.' Lin. ; beeal Wm.'
n.Yks.3 e.Yks.' ; beeall e.Yks. [bll, bisl.]
1. V. To bellow or roar as cattle, to shout, sometimes
with prep. out.
N.Cy.', Nhb.i, Bur.' Cum. Tom Ridley beel'd out ' Deil may
care!' Anderson Poet. IVks. (ed. 1820) II. 152; Ah becl't oot
tull em at he wad ha teh tak rayder mair time if he wantct my
cumpany varra far, Sargisson Joe Scoap (1881 1 43. Wm. Her
bulls beal and bellow naa langer, Hun on Biaii Nrzc IVark (1785)
1. 164 ; When t'wind in t'chimley sood, Com bealen doon off
Crossfell hects. Whitehead Leg. (1S59' 11, ed. 1896; Band kickt
up sec a nurration like o t'kye it deeal crecanan an coves beclan,
Clarke Spec. (1865) 5 ; He began becaling away like a cofe,
Spec. Dial. i,i88oi pt. ii. 35; Wm.''T bull's beealin. n.Yks. He beals
out like a great cauf, Leeds Mcic. Siippl. : Dec. 20, 1690; : n.Yks.'
What gars yon coo beeal sikan a gait i n.Yks.^^ ne Yks.' What's
ta beealin at? e.Yks. Marshall Riir. Econ. (1788); Ah was
ommast flay'd oot o' mi wits, when awd bull beeal'd oot at ma.
Nicholson /7* S/>. (1889I 52 ; e.Yks.', m. Yks.', w.Yks.' ; w.Yks.s
Ah started a bcaling an' healing at ivvcr ah could beal, xii. ne.Lan.'
Lin. If her bairns are not healing and yammering round her,
Streatfeild /.m. (7;irfZ)(7«M 1884) 264 ; An' thou was a-bealin'
likewise, an' asqucalin', as if tha was bit, Tennyson Oied Rod
(1889) ; I beal'd out then with all my might. Brown Lit. Laitr.
(1890) 47; What is that brat healing about? (J.C.W.) n.Lin.
An' thearc thaay Stan's bealin' an' carryin' on. Peacock Tnles and
Rhymes (1886) 62 ; n.Lin.' Th' bairn beal'd oot that bad, I was
clean scar'd. sw.Liu.' They bCal out fit to stun one.
BEAL
[205]
BEAMFILL
Hence (i) Bealing, vbl. sb. a noise, uproar, bellowing;
(2) Bealing, adj. noisy.
(i)Cum.3 Slop thy bcciin and lissen to mc, 30. n.Yks.' She wares
inaist ov her tahm i' becalin' an singin'. e.Yks,' Keep still, will
ya. Ah weeant hisike a bealin as that T my hoose. Lia. T'other
da'ay I heerd sich an a bealing, and when I looked, some beast
had brok out, A'. & Q. (1865) 3rd. S. vii. 31. sw.Lin.i My word,
if you don't stop that bealing. (a) n.Lin.' A bealing coo soon forgets
it cauf, Plot:
2. sb. A noise, roar, crj', bellowing.
Cum. 3 Lood grcans we heard — lang hollow beels, 56. Yks.
T'bull sat oop a grecat beeal, an' sat alf wi' un, S/>ec. Dial. (iSooi
34 ; Bcals and shouts and claps and gre'ans Eneaf le wakken t'vary
tonpike ste'ans, Brown Yk. Minster Screen 1 1834) 1. 107. e.Yks.
Sike a bceall an a clatther, a yovvp an a yell, Nicholson Flk-Sp.
(1889)52. n.Lin.'
[1. To bealc, boare, Levins Maiiip. (1570). ON. belja,
to bellow.]
BEAL, sb.^ and i'.° Som. Dcv. Cor. Also written bail
Som. nw.Dev.'
1. sb. A bird's bill ; the nose.
Som. (W.P.W.), nw.Dev.' Cor.' I knawed 'ee by your beal.
2. V. With prep, out, to hatch.
Dev. She watched over the baling out of the chicken and she
made the butter, O'Neill Ii/vI/s (1892) 118. nw.Dev.' Onny dree
o' min be a bail'd ect.
3. To protrude, as a bird's bill through the shell of
a newly hatched egg, or a person's toes through holes
in a stocking.
Cor. (.F.H.D.V, Cor.3
[1. pe bryddes woundcj) hem wi)) hir grete beeles,
Trevisa Higden (1387) II. 421. OE. bile, a bill, beak.]
BEAL, v.^ Sc. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Shr. Amor. Also
■written beel Ant. ; bale w.Yks.^ Shr.^ ; bail w.Yks.^ [bil,
bial, bel.]
L Of a sore : to gather, fester, suppurate ; also trans.
to cause to swell, to raise the flesh in blisters.
N.I.i Ant. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) Dwn. (C.H.'W.)
S.Don. Simmons G/. (1890). Nhb.', w.Yks.^ Shr.' The Hen han
bin on this poor child, — jest look 'ow they'n baled 'imon the back.
[Penn., U.S.A. Dial. Notes i 1895") 384.]
Hence (i)Beal, sb. a hot, inflamed tumour ; (2) Bealing,
vbl. sb. suppuration from an ulcer, a boil, a suppurating
sore ; (3) Bealing, ppt. adj. inflamed, gathered, ulcerated ;
(4) Bealed, ppl. adj. festered.
(i) w.Yks. WiLLAN List IVds. (1811'). (2) Sc. Even a bit wrax,
or a bealin, will whiles near-hand ruin a lad, Rov I/orsciiiaii (1895)
xxii. N.I.' Ant. Ballvnieim Obs. I 1892). Yks. Thoresuy Lett.
(1703). w.Yks. Hi/.r. IVils. ; w.Yks.=* 131 Sc. A' thing gaed til
his wyte. an ill hairst or a bealin thoomb, Roy Horseman (,1895)
xxxi.x. (4) Uls. A beeled finger (M.B.-S.). Ant. Grose (,1790)
MS. add. (C.)
2. Fi'ff. To swell with pain or remorse.
n.Sc. i.Iam ) Abd. Her heartfor Lindy now began to beil, Ross
//(•/(■«o/r (17681 76, ed. 1812.
[1. Beal, to gather matter, to come to a head like a
pimple, Asa (1795) ; so Bailey (1721) ; To beal, siippurn,
Coles (1679) ; Botier, to beal, to mattar, Cotgr. (i) Beal,
a whelk or push, Kersey (1715). (2) Hypopic, bealing
or matter growing or gatiiering in a crushed eye,
CoTGK. The vb. bclcn occurs in ME. in sense of 'to burn,
to smart ' : My brest in bale bot bolne & bele. Pearl (c.
1360) 18, in Aim. P. I. ON. bala, to burn.]
BEAM, s6.' Van dial, usages, [bini, bism.]
L Of a plough : the back or main support to which all
the other parts are attached.
Sc. Stephens Farm Bk. (,1849) I. 150. w.Som.' Now wholly of
iron, but till recently always of wood. Beneath the beam is fixed
the breast or foundation of the working part of the implement, and
from its latter end springs the tail or handle.
2. A steelj'ard.
n.Lin.' Them oals'll weigh tho'teen stoan to th' seek at th' beam
this minnit. w.Som.'
3. The space or room in an open fishing-boat immedi-
ately forward of the sheet, where the nets are kept. Cor.^
4. The main stem of a stag's horn.
n.Dev. An antler is judged by the number of points or tines
which spring from the beam, Jefferies Red Deer ,1884 1 iv.
5. Tanning term : a rounded piece of wood, stone, or
iron on which hides are placed for the purpose of un-
liairing and fleshing. Clis.'
6. In coinp. Beam-knife, the knife used at the fleshing-
beam. Lei.'
7. A bank of cloud.
Cor. The sun was darting, a beam was over the West, lying
on the sea, Baring-Gould Gavcrocks C1887) vi ; There's a gale
in thicky black beam, ib.
[1. A beyin of y» plwgh, bun's ; !(W])lwghe bcnie, Catli.
Aiigl. (1483). OE. siilh-beam, a plough-beam. 4. Beam
(on the head of a deer), that part which bears the antlers,
royals, and tops, Bailey (1721); Marniii, the beam of a
buck, the branch of a stag, Cotgr. ; Beame, the niainc
horn of a hart or stag, Bullokar (16161. 5. Fcr a ravnlcr,
a tanner or leather-dressers shaving-knife, beam-knife or
working-knife, Cotcu. ; Beaming knyfe for a tanner,
Palsgr.]
BEAM, .s«.2 and v.^ Yks Som. [bim, biam.]
1. sb. Weaving term : a circular piece of wood upon
which the warp is wound.
w.Yks. ^W. T.) w.Som.' In every common loom there are two
beams or rollers, one called the chai'n becm, on which is wound
the warp, and from which it is unwound as the cloth is woven :
the other called the klau'th bee-m, upon which the fabric is rolled
up as woven. [Gl. Lab. 1894'.]
2. V. To wind the warp upon the chain beam.
w.Som.' This is a matter ot some nicety, as all the threads have
to be kept even and parallel, or [the warp] will not make a good
bosom.
Hence fi) Beamer, sb. one who winds the warp upon
the roller ready for the weaver to place in his loom ; (2)
Beaming, I'/;/, si. the process of putting a warp on a beam
or roller ready for the loom ; (3) Beaming-frame, sb. the
machine in which the above operations preparatory to
weaving are performed.
(i) w.Yks. Eaines I'/'i-. Pns/ (1870) 671. w.Som.' (2) w.Yks.
(J-M.) (3) w.Som.i
[Beam, a large round piece of wood belonging to a
weaver's loom. Ash (1795) ; Ensiible de tisseran. a weavers
beam, Cotgr. ; \ heme of a webster, iiigiini, Calli. Aiigl.
( 1483) ; Bceme of webstarrj's lome, licialoriitiii, Prompt. \
The shaft of his speer was as the beem of websters,
Wvclif 1 1382 j I Saiti. xvii. 7. OE. wcb-bcatii, a weaver's
beam.]
BEAM, V?- Sc. n.Cy. Yks. Dcr. [bIm.] To cure
leakage in a tub or barrel hy soaking it in water, and thus
causing the wood to swell. See Beene.
Abd. To make the bottom and sides of a wooden washing-tub,
which has become shrunk and leaky (called gizzen or gizzened)
through being left dry, to swell and become watertight ,P.G.\
n.Cy. Grose 1790 MS. add. U*. 1 w.Yks. This tub runs like a
riddle; we'll have to put it outside and beam it Tl.L. ; w.Yks.*,
Der.'
BEAM, V? Sc. Of a teapot : to warm or season it
before putting in the tea.
Rxb. (Jam.) [Not known to our correspondents.]
BEAM, see Bean, sb.-
BEAM-BIRD, sb. Nlib. Brks. Bck. Hrt. c.An. Hmp.
Wil. The spotted fly-catcher, Musicapa grisola.
Nhb.' Brks.. Bck., Hrt. Swainson Buds 18851 48. e.An.*, Nrf.
(A.G.) Hmp. Swainson, i7). Wil. Smith /jV/rfs 1887 125. [The
most usual jilaces for this bird's nest are, the side of a faggot-stack,
a hole in the wall, or a beam in an outbuilding, whence arises one
of its provincial names, that of Beam-bird, Varrell Hist. Bnt.
Birds 1,1845" I. 173.]
[A name sometimes given to the spotted flycatcher,
because it often builds its nest on the projecting end of
abeam (CD. I.]
BEAM-FEATHERS, sb. pi. Som. The stiff quill
fcatliers in a bird's wing.
w.Som.' Bee-m vadhurz.
[Beam-feathers (among falconers), the long feathers of
a liawk's wing, Bailey (1721); so Kersey (1715).]
BEAMFILL, I'. Sc. Yks. Dcr. Building term: to fill
up the spaces left in the walls of a house after the beams
BEAM-FILLED
[206]
BEAR
have been planted, with chips of stone or brick. AlsoT?^.
to fill up completely, as in packing a box.
Sc. Jam. Sic/'pl.) n.Sc. He is beamfillt o' pride (W.G.). w.Yks.l
Hence (il Beamfilling, vbl. sb. the chips of stone or
brick used in filling up the spaces or chinks that are left
in the walls of a house after the beams have been planted ;
(2) Beamfull, full to overflowing.
(i'iSc.iJam.) nw.Der.i (2)n.Sc. Shecamhamewi'hermehl-pyock
beamfoo. Jist fill the bossie beamfoo o' behr mchl (W.G.).
BEAM-FILLED, />/>/. adj. Sc. Indulged.
n.Sc. That's a beam-fiUt littlan. He'll wint for naething it he seeks
CW.G.X Abd. Still known, though not in very common use (W.M.).
BEAMING, adv. Yks. [bia'min.] In phr. beaming
hot, intensely hot.
Yks. It's as oft seead ' beeamin yat ' (E.M.C.). e.Yks.' Ah wus
ommast swelthered wi walkin ; sun com beeamin hot uppa ma,
MS. add.ij.n.)
BEAN, sb.''- Van dial, usages in Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur.
Yks. Lan. Chs. Not. Lin. Lei. War. Won Shr. Hrf. Pern.
Glo. Hrt. e.An. Ken. Som. Also written byun se.Won'
[bin, bian.]
1. A kind of small coals, so called from the size.
N.Cy.i Nhb.i Duff is the smallest coal left after screening: peas
are ne.Kt in size ; beans next grade higher ; then nuts, — roondy coal
being the largest in size. Nhb., Dur.GREENWELL Con/ /"r. GA(i849 .
Hence Beany, adj. of the size of a bean.
N.Cy.i Beany coals. Nhb. ' Beany coals te vend ' is a Newcastle
street-cry of to-day. Chs.' Beany marl, salt-making term : a kind
of granulated marl. Also called Horsebeans.
2. Money, esp. a sovereign or guinea.
Slang. Zoroaster took long odds that the match was off; offering
a bean to half a quid (in other words, a guinea to a half-guinea)
that Sj'bil would be the bride, Ainswokth Rookwood, bk. iii. i.x ;
'Here'ssome of the beans, 'as he drew five sovereigns from thesame
pocket, Murray Raiitbow Gold {18H6) 296.
3. Coiup. (i) Bean-belly, a satirical epithet applied to
Leicestershire; (2) -brish, -brush, bean stubble; (3) -cod,
a pod of beans ; see Cod ; (4) -cracker, -crake, the corn-
crake or landrail, Cie.x pratciisis ; (5) -dye, see below ;
(6) -haulm, the stalk of beans after the pods or seeds are
removed; see Haulm; (7) -hook, a short hook for reaping
beanstalks ; (8) -hool, the hull or pod of beans ; see
Hull: (9) -rowers, refuse from bean threshing; (lol
•sharps, ("ii) -swad, the empty pod of beans; (12)
•swaup, the pod of beans ; also Jig. a useless person ;
(13) -weed, common butterwort, Pingiticula vulgaris.
(I I Lei. Leicestershire bean-bellies, /)(*/;/;(?;;; Tracts (1854) I. 166,
ed. 1891; Ray P/ot'. (1678) 316 ; Lei.' An epithet not yet forgotten,
though beans are by no means so common an article of food as
formerly. (2) War. Morton Cyclo. Agrk. (1863 1 ; War.^, se.Wor.'
(3) ne.Lan.l (4) Wxf. (P.J.M.") s.Pem. That's a bean-cracker
that's maakin' that noise (W.M.M.); Science Gossip (1874") 142;
SwAiNSON Birds jW^^ 177. C5') Hrt. Bean-dye, a kind of pea (more
correctly beaned-eye of a whitish colour with a black speck or eye
in it, Ellis Mod. Hiisb. (1750) II. i. (6) w.Yks. She began to
drag the bean-hauhns into a heap, Macquoid Doris Barugh 1,1877 j
2. Shr.i Glo.i Bean helms. w.Som.' (8) e.Yks.' A short
scythe-like implement, generally made of a fragment of a scythe-
blade, MS. add. (T.H.) s.Not. (J.P.K.1, Ken. (P.M.), Ken.'
(8) Sc. He shall hide himself in a bean-hool if he remains on
Scottish ground without my finding him, Scorr Midlothian (1818)
xviii. (9; s.Wor. (H.K.) (10) Slg. Morton Cyclo. Agric. (18631.
(11) n.Lin.' Chuck them bean-swads to pigs, wilt ta'. (12) Sc.
An' Ciiarlie come, he's as gude as some three, an' his backman's
nae bean-swaup neither. Perils of Man, I. 88 (Jam.). (13) Hit.
His sheep were so much in love with a certain weed called bean-
weed, Ellis S/if/iA. GkiV/c (1749').
4. Phr. fi) To keep all the beans in the sack, to be careful
of one's money ; (2) to know hoiu many beans make five, to
be sharp-witted, knowing ; (3) three blue beans in a blue
bladder, see below ; (4) he ivonH give a bean for a pea, he is
very ungenerous, churlish.
(i; w.Yks. S.J.C.) (2) w.Som.i ' Ee du nau- [or ee nauth]
aew miin-ee bee-unz maek vai-v ' is a very common description of
a cute, clever fellow. Slang. It is as simple as how many blue
beans make five, Dy. News (,Nov. 4, 1889) 6, col. 5 (Farmer). (3)
Nrf.i Suf.' ' Three blue beans in a blue bladder, rattle, bladder,
rattle,' is as old a frolicksome sort of shibboleth as I can recollect,
and is still frequently heard. (4) Hrf.' Speaking to a bed-ridden
man, * Your sister, I suppose,. .. does some things for you?'
* Well, mighty little, her won't give a bean for a pea.'
BEAN, sb.^ Dev. Cor. Also written been Dev. In
form beam Dev. Con* [bin.] A withy band, a rope of
straw. See Bine.
Dev. MooRE Hist. Dev. (1829) I. 353 ; A bunnel ov straw
tied up wi' a hay-beem, Hewett Pens. Sp. (1892). n.Dev. Rock
Jim an' Nell 11867) Gl. s.Dev. I shall want something for a been
for this heap of sticks, i?c/io)-/5Proz'mf. (1882)8. w.Dev. Marshall
Rtir. Econ. (1796). Dev.' nw.Dev.' Jis make a bean o' withy,
Jan, and bend up they there kidney-bain sticks. Cor. The ghosts
of bad men are ever emploj-ed in binding the sand in bundles
with ' beams ' of the same [a local word in use in this neighbour-
hood, as hay-beams for hay-bands], A'. & Q. (1850) ist S. ii. 511 ;
Cor.12
[The same as lit. E. bind (ME. bynde), a twist of a vine
or hop-plant.]
BEANSELE, sb. Suf. The time of bean-harvest. Cf.
bark-, barley-, hay-sele.
Suf. (F.H.)
BEANWEED, sb. Hrt. The common butterwort,
Pingiiiciila vulgaris.
[It grows in the moory ground of vales, comes up about
a finger's length, in the spring time of the year, like a
bean, Ellis Sheph. Guide (1749) 164.]
BEAR, s6.' Irel. w.Yks. Chs. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp.
War. Won Shr. Glo. Cmb. Sun Aus. Slang. [be3(r),
bi3(r).]
1. In comp. (i) Bear's-hairs, a name given to a certain
formation of cloud ; (2) -'s-muck, a species of peat mixed
with clay ; (3) -ward, (a) obs. a bear-keeper, (b) a term of
reproach.
^i) Shr.' Threads of filmy white, fringing greater masses of
cloud, said to betoken some sort of weather ; but the popular mind
is not at one, whether it be fair or foul. (2) Lin. Morton Cyclo.
Agric. (1863). Nhp.2 Cmb. The fen land lies ' upon a substratum,
at different depths, of turf moor and bear's muck,' Reports Agric.
(1793-1813, ; The fen land is composed of vegetable matter, or
loose black mould, upon a turf moor resting upon a bear's muck
and a clay, Marshall Review (,1811) III. 228. (3, «)Chs.'; Chs.^
In the old accounts of Congleton between 1589 and 1613, we find
payments to the bearward for fetching the bear to the wakes.
(A; Clis.' He's a reglar bearward.
2. In phr. (i) baste the bear, a boy's game ; (2) make the
bear talk, a term among frame-work knitters for working
their stocking-lrames ; (3) play the bear, to damage, spoil,
ruin.
(i) N.I.' w.Yks. A game where boj-s run under other boys'
legs and are battered on their backs, &c. by caps and knotted
handkerchiefs iS.K.C). (2) s.Not. (J.P.K.) (3 1 Lei.' ' To play
Old Harry,' ' Old Gooseberry,' or ' Old Boots ' are equivalent
expressions. The hail has played the bear with the apple-blossom.
Nhp.' A market-gardener says, ' A wet Saturday pla3's the bear
with us ' — keeps our customers away, and injures our goods.
War.2 The frost has played the bear with the tater tops ; War.*
The pigs have been in the garden and played the bear with it.
s.Wor.', GI0.2 Sur. I lay thej''ve played the bear with him,
A'. & O. (1890) 7th S. X. 285. [Aus., N.S.W. Chaps that have got
something on their minds can't stand idleness, it plays the bear
with them, Boldrewood Robbery 1,1888) II. ii.]
[1. (3, a) Rogues and vagabonds described by the Act 17
Geo. II, cap. 5, punishable by six months' imprisonment,
namely . . . fencers, bearwards, Colquhoun Police (1796)
298; A bear-ward, ursarius. Coles (1679); so Gould.man
(1678I ; I will take sixpence in earnest of the bear-ward,
Sh.aks. Much Ado, 11. i. 43 ; Bear warde, gardeur dours,
Palsgr. (1530) ; Berewarde, ursarius. Prompt.]
BEAR, sA.2 Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lin. Shn Suf. Also written
bar Sc. Suf.'; beer Sc. Nhb.; beir N.Cy.'; bare Sc.
n.Yks.' [ber, be3(r), bl3(r).]
1. Barley, esp. a coarse kind with four or six rows of
grain in the ear, Hordewn he.xastichon or tetrastichon. Also
called Big, q. v.
Sc. Tvva bows o' bear and twa bows o' pease, Scott Old Mortality
(i8i6'i XX ; Raised tolerable oats and bear, ib. Monastery (1820) i ;
Grose (17901 MS. add. (H.) Abd. A brewer and farmer en-
couraged his servants to drink ale copiously, as it saved the oatmeal.
BEAR
[207]
BEARBIND
oatcakes, &c. A common saying of his was, ' Drink, lads, drink :
the here puckle fills as weel's the ait' (W.M.). Per, I should in
Sc. use 'bar' wherever 'barley' could be used in Eng. (G.W.) Ayr.
I sing the juice Scotch bear can niak us, Burns Sc. Drink (1786)
St. I. Bwk. Ar she came down the loan wi' here, Henderson
Pop. Rhymes (1856) 56 ; Monthly Mag. (1814") I. 31. Gall. Out on the
fieldsof oats andbear, Crockett S/j'cit';/;!/!)!. (1893)67 ; The cropsof
corn, Merse wheat, Lowden oats, and Galloway bear, should be in
the stackj-ards . . . by the 2nd day of September, ib. Raiders' \Qg^)
ir. N.Cy.' Nlib. Bigg or bear, with four grains on the ear, was
the kind of barley, Marshall Refioiis Agric. (i8i8i I. 191 ; Obs.
Two stacks of beare, ol xx boules, Dixon IVhiltinghant Vale
(1895) 130; Nlib.' n.Yks. There are several plots of those species
of barley called big, which is six-rowed barley ; or bear, which
is four-rowed, cultivated, 'XuK.a.Agiic. (i8oo) 119 ; n.Yks.', n.Lin.',
Shr.i [fK.)]
2. Contp. (i) Bear-barley, a coarse kind of barley; (2)
-curn, see -stone; (3) -feys. land appropriated to the
growing of barley ; {4) -land, see -feys ; (5) -lave or
leave, ground the first year after barley has been raised
on it; (6) -meal, barley-meal; (7) -meal-raik, a fruitless
errand ; (8) -mell, an instrument for beating the husks off
barley ; (9) -pundlar, an instrument for weighing barley ;
(10) -seed, barley ; (11) -sel, the season for sowing barley ;
(12) -stone, a husking trough for barley, used belore the
invention of mills.
(II Nhb.' [Bere-barleye or bigge wokle be sowcnnppon lyghte
grounde, Fitzherbert Husbandly U534) 23.] (2^ Fif. (Jam.)
(3, 4) Gall. The infield was sometimes sown with oats, commonly,
however, with bear— hence it still retains the appellation of bar-land
or bear-feys, Agric. Siiiu. 41 (Jam.). (5) Lnk. The grund is in
bear-lave (Jam.). (6) Sc. Bearmeal scones, Scorr Rcdg. (1824) xi.
Ayr.Bannocks o' bear-meal, Bannocks o'barley. Burns, 253 t^Globe
ed.). (7) Lnk. Supposed to originate from the disappointment of
one who goes out in quest of oatmeal, and is obliged to satisfy
himself with barlev-meal (Jam.). (8) Sc. (Jam.) (9)3. &Ork.i
Or.I. (Jam.) (io) Sc. (Jam.1. (ri)Suf.> {12) Sc. (Jam.) N.Cy.>
Large stone mortar or trough used in the North formerly tounhusk
their ' bear ' before barley mills were invented. Nhb.'
[1. He wyll nocht want ane boll of beir, Lyndesav
Moitatr/ie (i^^z) III. 4694; Tua fisches and fine laues o
here, Citrsor M. (c. 1300) 13506. OE. here, John vi. 9
(Rushw.). ^. Hordeum polysticimm vcntinii, beare barley
or barley big, Gerarde Herb. (cd. 1633), hence in Goui.d-
MAN (1678) ; Orge pauine, beer barly, big barly, barly with
the square ear, Cotgr.]
BEAR, sb.^ Wm. Lan. Chs. Also written bair e.Lan.' ;
beer Wm. ; beyer n.Lan.' [be3(r|.] A door-mat.
Wm. A'. & Q. (1871) 4lh .S. viii. 233 ; Poor people peel rushes for
candles, making besoms and bears of the peelings, Briggs
y?<i»(7ms (1825) 232. Lan. (H.M.), Lan.', ne.Lan.', e.Lan.',
ni.Lan.' Chs.' At Hyde ; elsewhere. I think, becoming obs.; Chs.^
Perhaps lormerly often made of a bearskin. The rough ropeiuat
resembles one.
BEAR, sA.* Yks. Shr. Also written bare Shr.'^
[beafr), biafr).]
1. The large block of sandstone, which lies at the bottom
and forms the base of the furnace in ironworks.
Shr.' After being subjected to the great heat of the iron it
becomes metamorphosed, and represents a hard, solid block of
stone mixed with iron in one heterogeneous mass, when it is pulled
out and called the furnace-bear ; Shr.^ [The bear] is very dilficult
to draw out, and when this is the case, the iron is said to be ' in
the bear.'
2. A lode or vein of ore.
m.Yks.l
BEAR, 5i.5 Nhb. Also written baer Nhb.' A black-
smith's tool for punching holes in iron.
Nhb.' To Robert Thickpenny, his servant, a pair of bellows, a
fore hammer, a nail hammer, and a baer, Wtll of Rd. Hogg, of
Newcastle (Jan. 3, 1502) in Welford Hist, of Neivc. XVI. Cent , 2.
[A bear is a powerful screw, working in a strong iron jaw, used for
hand punching (R.O.H.I.]
BEAR, V. Sc. Nhb. Dun Cum. Yks. Lan. Der. Lin.
Lei. Nhp. War. Nrf. Suf. Soin. Naut. [ber, be3(r), bi3(r).]
1. To carry.
Dur.' Cum. Canst ta bear it, thinks ta ? (J.Ar ) Lan. Wrung
day for bearin wlioam, Brierlev Layrock ( 1864'! x.
Plence (i) Bear 'em, vbl. sb. wood from fencing carried
off at the end of work time ; (2) Bearing, vhl. sb. a weaver's
burden, usually applied to the week's work when taken
back to the employer.
(i) e.An.' As much wood from fencing as can be tied up and
carried ofl"at the end of work time. Taken as a right in old times,
now often by consent, (a) Lan.' He'd his week's bearin' upo' his
shoolher. se.Lan. The word ' bearin ' used to be exclusively
confined to weavers carrying their pieces of cloth from their
cottages to their employers' places of business. The word went ouf
of use as hand-loom weaving became extinct, as is now almost
wholly the case, Manch. City Aews (Aug. i, 1896).
2. In phr. (i) bear the bell, to excel, to be pre-eminent ;
(2) — a bob, to aid, assist ; to be brisk, active ; (3) — <i
bun's iieck, to bear a grudge; (4) — down, see — home;
(5) — a hand, to help, assist ; (6) — at hand, to resent,
bear a grudge; (7) — home, said of a wea\er carrying
home his materials; (8) — a part, to join in; (9) — xifi,
to recall to memory; (10) — upon, to restrain oneself,
conceal one's real feelings.
( i) Rnf. An' aye amang the thrifty wives He saj's I bear the bell,
Allan Poems (1836) 121. Ayr. Thou, Toothache, surely bear'st
the bell Amang them a' ! Burns Address to the Toothache, st. 5.
Lth. Kind and gentle was her nature ; At ilka place she bore the
bell, MACNEiLL/'of/. IVks. (1801) 126, ed. 18.56. Nhb.' Still Piper
Tony bears the bell, Joco-Seriotts Disc. (1686/ 20. Lei.', Nhp.',
War."* [In allusion to the first horse wearing a bell, to give
warning in former days, when roads were very bad and very
narrow, Holloway.] ^2 Der.' ' To bear a bob,' to assist or join
in singing. Nhp.' e.An.' To lend a helping hand, at the risk, as
it should seem, of receiving a bob, or blow. From ringers, who
have several sorts of bob, all, of course, involving the idea of a blow.
Naut. I Farmer) ; We have a similar phr. in the nautical ' bear a
bob,' be brisk, N. & Q. 1,1890) 7th S. ix. 98. [Horne Table-
bk. (1827) I. 178.] (3) [Grose (1790, MS. add. (H.) (M. i] (4)
See -home. (5) Sc. (Jam.) n.Lin.' Cum noo, bear a hand, I can't
get this peace o' wood oot'n hohle by mysen. Som. \V. & J. Gl.
(1873). [Grose (1790) :l/S.arf</.(H.)] "(61 n.Yks.^ Fll bear thee
at hand for't. (7) Lan. Gen., if not invariably, applied to a weaver
when carrying home his materials from the mill or the w-arehouse
(J.H.N.) ; Bearing home to this place was a pleasure, Brierlev
Layrock (1864) i ; In the early part of the century, when weaving
was done by hand, the war|)s were fetched from the warehouse
and the woven cloth carried back every week. This was called
' bearin' down ' and ' bearin' whoam ' (^S.W.). (8) cAn.^ A phr.
in ringing, or in music, gen. meaning to join vocally or instru-
mcntally in the harmony. (91 n.Lin.' I knaw his naame well enif,
but I can't bear it up just noo. (10) Sc. Gam.) Abd. He boore
upon him, and ne'er loot her ken That he was any ways aboot
her fain, Ross Helenore (1768) 33, ed. 1813.
[1. The begger diede and was borun (carryed, Tindale)
of aungels in to Abrahams bosum, Wvclif (1388) Luke
xvi. 22; And on his bakke he bar . . . His olde fader,
clepcd Anchiscs, Chaucer Leg. G. IV. 943 ; Al |)at ten
camels moght ber. Cursor M. (c. 1300) 3248. OE. beraii, to
carry (Z,((/vxvi.22). 2. (i) Whosodemaundcs What dame
doth most excell ; . . . Faire Bridges bcares the bcl,
Gascoigne Fair Bridges (1572) 4, in Percy's Relinues (ed.
1887I II. 152; Sen ;e berc of bewte )ie bell, Blythcly
schall we bowe as ;e bidde, York Plays (c. 1 4001 228;
Lat see which of yow shal here the belle To spekc of love
a-right, Chaucer Tr.&r' Cr. iii. 198. (2) We'll sing it next
Sunday at St. James's Churcli, and I'll bear a bob,
FiELDiN-G Amelia (1751) X. ii, ed. 1893, III. 75.]
BEARAWAY, si. n.Lin.' [biarawe.] A hat, vesper-
lilio. See Black Bearaway.
[The same as bear aivay (vb.), often used of the move-
ment of birds. The . . .'bird claps his wings, and bears
away, Blair Grave (1742) 767 (N.E.D.).]
BEARBIND, sb. Also in forms barbine Shr.' ; bear-
bine Chs.3 s.Wor.' Ilrf* Ken. (i) Bindweed, Convolvulus
amensis (Yks. Wor. Shr. Ken.) ; (2) C. sepiunt (Ilrf Bck.
Hrt. Mid. Ken. Sur.) ; (3) the honeysuckle, Lonicera
perieh'menum (Ciis.) ; (4) Polygonum convolvulus (Stf.).
(i) s.Wor.' Shr.' Also called Dcvifs guts and Billy-Clipper.
Ken. Generally known as' bearbinc' (.P.M.); Ken.' 1 2 Hrf.^ Hrt.
Apply the rough part of the leaf bearbind to a green wound, Ellis
Cy. HonscH'ife ^I75o^ 266. Ken. (D.W.L.) ; (G.G.); Ken.^, Sur.'
(3) Clis '3 i^.yi stf Reporis Agnc. (i793-'8i3'-
BEARD
[2081
BEAR'S EARS
[Bearbind, a species of bindweed, Ash (1795). Bear-
bind was also tlie name of the herb called knot-grass,
Pohgomim mas, which, ace. to Gerarde in Herb. (ed. 1633)
565' was called in shops Corrigiola. Corrigiola, berebynde,
Alpl'ita (c. 1450) 142.]
BEARD, sb} Sc. Shr. Dev.
1. A name given to the sepals of apple-blossom.
Dev. A Rockbeare man. age about sixty, said, ' I like the look
of your orcliard, because the beards of 'cm stuck out so nice and
stiff. The term 'beard' seems to be apphed to any kind of vegetable
substance which can at all be considered hairy-like, Rcpoiis Pyovinc.
(1893^-
2. In phr. (i) lo put one's beard in a blase, to be m a great
rage ; (2) the beard won't pay for the shaving, it is not worth
the trouble.
(i) Sc. This put MacCuIlum Mora's beard in a bleize, as
gude reason there was, Scott Rob Roy (1817) xiv. (2) Shr.'
Peggy, the Maister's gid me that owd 'edgerow atween the barley
bonks for tatoes, if I'll rid it; but I 'ardly think the beard'U pay
for the sliavin'.
BEARD, sb? and v. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin. Shr.
1. sb. A hedge made by putting branches of thorns up-
right in the ground. See Bead.
n.Lin.i
2. Conip. Beard-hedge, see Bearding.
3. V. To trim a hedge, either by cutting it at the top or
thickening the lower part by putting thorns into it.
Chs.i3 Shr. Bound Prov. (18761 ; Shr.i As the top of a hedge
is ' brushed," so the lower part is • bearded,' by putting the ' brush-
ings' into the thin places. I've tined the glat, an' bearded the
bottom, so as the pigs canna proke through ; Shr.^
Hence Bearding, vbl. sb. (1) bushes which are put
into tlie bank of a new hedge to protect the newly planted
thorns ; (2) making hedges of thorn.
(i) ne.Lan."^ Chs. Sheaf (1879) h -" ! ^ 'o'^^ hedge or fence
made of bushes stuck into y ground w'" out stakes or binders,
w<" in 0.\f we call a foot-hedge i^K.) ; Chs.i^^ (2) n.Lin.i
4. To put thorns, &.c., on the top of a wall to prevent
sheep, c^c. getting over.
Cum.' Wm. We'll hev that wo' bearded (B.K.). ne.Lan.i
5. To make smooth.
w.Yks.2
Hence Bearding-stone, vbl. sb. a stone used by scythe-
grinders to make a scythe smooth after the grinding on
the grindstone.
w.Yks.= The bearding-stone comes from Ashover, and consists
of fine hard grit. The application of the bearding-stone is a process
intermediate between rough grinding and the final glazing or
finishing.
BEARD, sb.^ w.Yks. A tip of metal on the end of a
knife-haft.
w.Yks. (H.W.B.) ; w.Yks.^
BEARDED PINNOCK, sb. The bearded titmouse,
Paniiriis biarniiciis.
So called from the tuft of black feathers, resembling a moustache,
beneath the eye, Swmnson Bints (1885) 30.
BEARDIE, sb.^ Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Also written
bairdie .Sc. [berdi, bia'di.]
1. The loach fish, Cobitin barbatula.
Lnk. (Jam.) Gall. Ye could hae catched bairdies an' young
puddocks, Ceockett Bog-Myrtle (1895) 397. w.Yks.^ Lan.
Science Gossip {1882) 164; (G.E.D.) [Satchell (1879).]
2. Comp. (i) Beardie-loach, (2) -lowrie, see Beardie.
(i) Lth. Beardie-lotch, so called from the six small fibres or
beards on its upper mandible (Jam.). Nhb.' Called also the
'Tommy Lodger' (q.v.). (2) Rxb. (Jam.)
3. The bird whitethroat, Sylvia cincrea.
Sc. Its light-coloured head and neck feathers stand out more
thickly than is usual in other birds, Swainson Birds (,1885) 23.
BEARDIE, sb?- Sc. A name given to a jar.
Abd. Ohsol. or ohs. (J.F.) Per. Grey -beard, ajar with the figure
of au old man with long beard on it. Hence similar jars were
and are known as grey-beards, which, by familiarity, came to be
called beardies, and are known by this word pretty geii. (G.W.)
Lth. Fetch doun the bairdie frae the press, Wi' rowth o' hamely
cheer. Smith Mcny Bridal (1866) 204.
BEARDLY, see Buirdly.
BEARED, t'. n.Yks. Wil. Cor. Past tense of to iwr.
n.Yks.' Wil. She's th' darlun' o' her as bear'd her, Kite Siig.
Sol. (c. 1860' vi. 9. Cor. She es th' chooice waun of she that
beared her, Netherton S»g. Sol. (1859) vi. 9.
BEARER, sb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Lin. Lei. War. Ken.
Som. [be3r3(r), bi3T3(r).]
L A girder, a support to a bridge or other building.
n.Lin.', Lei.', War.^
2. A floor of timber submerged in a ditch or drain to
make a drinking-place for cattle.
n.Lin. In one of the drains a sunken floor of wood called a bearer.
Peacock R. Skirlaiigli 11870) II. 89 ; n.Lin.'
3. A martingale, a bridle.
neLan.' s.Lan. A groom's word for the beanng-rein (F.E.T.).
4. A bier.
Ken.l
5. A person who assists in carrying a corpse to tlie grave.
In gen. use.
Dur.' w.Yks.5 Rearers, the four men who bear the corpse to
the hearse, and from thence into the chapel, and to the grave ; gen.
amongst those who were in intimate friendship with the deceased.
n.Lin.', Ken.' w.Som.' At funerals there are two classes of bearers.
The under-bearars.who actually carry the corpse on their shoulders,
and the pall-bearers, gcii. friends not related to the deceased
person, who walk by the side and hold a corner of the pall in their
hands — the pall [paud] being thrown over the coffin and the heads
of those carrying it. All this used, until lately, to be de rigiiciir,
but now it is becoming obs.
BEARING, vbl. sb. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Som.
[beaTin.]
1. The block in which a spindle or shaft revolves ; also
the part of the shaft which touches a support or on which
it turns.
w.Som.' A long shaft may have many bearings in it, as well as
under it. [Supports which are used for carrying or holding up
shafts or shaftings, and on which the shaft bears, Gl. Lab. (1894).]
2. A longitudinal course of vein of lead.
w.Yks. Baines Yks. Past (1870) 20.
3. Comp. (1) Bearing-door, the main door in a pit,
which forces the air tlirough an entire district ; (2) -feast,
a supper given to workmen when a building is completed.
(ij Nhb.' Nhb., Dur. Nicholson Con/ Tr. G/. (1888). (2) Cum.
The Bearing-feast (the supper given to the workmen when the
roof of a building is raised 1 they could understand. Linton Liczie
Lotion (1867) xxxiii ; Bearing-feast is known among builders, but
little used, the usual word being Timber-reanng supper or Timber-
raising (J.A.).
4. In phr. to bring to a bearing, to call to account. In
gen. use.
e.Yks' Vl/S. nrf(/. (T.H.) Not.'
BEAR IN HAND, />/;?-. Dor. Som. Also inform bean-
hond, bear-in-hond Som. [bes'n.aen.]
1. To conjecture, tliink ; to foresee ; to hold or maintain an
opinion. See Barenhond.
Dor. Bahnes Gt. (1863) ; Dor.' Vokc da beanhan' now, that
miaster's lot Wull be a-drow'd along wi what 'e got, 197. Som.
I do beanhond et'l rain zoon, W. & J. Gl. (,'873).
2. To take notice of, to regard.
Som. Grose 1 1790I MS. add. (H.) 1 M.)
BEAR-LEAP, sb. Obs. Nhp. Bck. A large osier
basket to carry chaff out of a barn, borne between two
men.
Nhp., Bck. (K.)
[Sparta, a bere lepe or basket. Or/its (1500) ; Barlep,
camera, Prompt. (ed.Pynson,i499); Hishendeseruydin ber
lepe (v.r. bere Icpc), that is a vessel in the whilke the iwes
bare mortcre in egipt, Haiipole Ps. Ixxx. 6 (com.) (c.
1330). Bear prob. the same as bear, \h} + leap (a basket),
q.v.]
BEAR-MOUTH, sb. Cum. Wm. The subterraneous
passage by which men and horses descend to a coal-mine.
Sec Barrow-mouth.
N.Cy.'. Wm. & Cum.'
BEARN, see Bairn.
BEAR'S EARS, sb. Sc. Yks. Der. Glo. e.An. Primula
auricula. See Bazier.
Sc. Af. & £1.(1871) 4th S.vii. 350. w.Yks.3, Der.i,G:o.i e.An.
N. &■ Q. (1871) 4th S. vii. 350; e An.'
BEAR'S FOOT
[209]
BEASTLE
[Bears-car (herb), Auricula tirsi, Coles (1679) ; Gerarde
in I/irb. (ed. 1633) 784, mentions seven kinds of Aiiricttla
iirsi or ' Beares eare,' of tlie nature of Primula veris.
Oreille d'ours, Bears-ear, a kind of mountain cowslip,
CoTGR.]
BEAR'S FOOT, sb. Also in form barfut w.Wor.'
(i) AcoiiiliiDi iinf'cllus (Not.); (2) Alc/iriiiilla I'uli^iiris
(Nlib. Hmp.); (3) Hellehorus /oelidus (Yks. War. Wor.
Wil.); (4) H.viridis (G\o.).
(3) w.Wor.i The leaves are baked in the oven and used as
a remedy for worms. The long centre leaflet is removed, as it is
considered poisonous. Wil.^ (4 ) Glc*
[(3) Bearsfoot, a species of hellebore, Ash (1795);
Black Hellebor ... is called in English, Beare-loot,
Setter-wort and Setter-grasse, Gerarde Herb. (ed. 1633)
977 ; Helleboro negro, called in English, Beares -foote,
Tetwort, Florid (1611); Helleboms uiger, the hearbe
named beares foote. Cooper (1565).]
BEAR-STAKE, s6. w.Yks.* A square block of wood
put under a grinder's ' driving belt,' to keep it steady.
BEAS, see Beast.
BEASLE, see Beastle.
BEASLINGS, see Beestings.
BEAST, sb. In gen. dial, use in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also written beas w.Yks.^ ; best Shr.' ; bist w.Wur '
In pi. written baes S. &. Ork.' N.Cy.' ; bais n.Yks." ; beas
Nhb.' w.Yks.^ ne.Lan.' Chs.' nw.Der.' n.Lin.' Shr.' ;
bease Wm. & Cum.'; beeas Cum.' e.Yks.' w.Yks.'^
Lan.' n.Lan.' e.Lan.'; beece N.I.'; bees Nhb.' Cum.;
beese Cum.'; beess N.Cy.' Nhb.' Dur.' ; beoss VVm.'
w.Yks.'
1. An animal of the ox kind as opposed to horses or
sheep. Freq. used as a collective sing or pi., cattle.
Sh.I. An pecrie Keetie's aa 'at's left At liaem ta guide da
baess, Burgess /JaixHCiiSgi) 45, ed. 1892. S.&Ork.' nw.Abd.Bin
up the beasts; pit girse in the forestaa. Goothvi/e (1867) st. 15.
Kcd. Rin, laddie, rin, an' leave yer beasts. The wordle's at an en',
Grant Lays (1884) 15. N.I.', Wxf.', N.Cy.' Nhb.' Torn thor
beess, lad. Dur.' Cum. Van cannot gang to fodder sheep or
bease, Gilpin Pop. Poetry (1875) 206 ; When Scotch fwok starts
to pou their geese It's teyme to house baith nags and bease, Prov.
(E.'W.P.); Grose (1790); Gl. (18511; Cum.' Wm. ^ Cum.' To
th' fells they druive beath bease and sweyne, 170. Wm. One bease
has been dry ... a fortnurth or mair, Giuson Leg. and Notes \i%-]-f)
67 ; Some weel taen views of nags an bease. Whitehead ic^. (1859)
41 ; Hed cleaned a shuppcn, foddered beease ur helped wi' soving
t'hogs. Spec. Dial. (1880 pt. ii. 37 ; Wm.' 'Ve've gitten a gradely
beeast theear. n.Yks. Bud tokin' about beeas, Tweddell Clnel.
Rhymes (1875") 61 ; n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.^ Horses an bais. ne.Yks.'
They're gran' beeas is them. e.Yks. He's sellin' a lot o' becasts,
W R AY Nestletoii (1876) 127 ; Marshall Rt<r.Econ.{s-]88) ; e.Yks.'
w.Yks. His horses and beas dwined away an deed neabody knew
how, GRAiNGEPfrf/or (1866 124: Sum sheep an' bease 'at wer grazin
near all leak'd up, Niddeidill Glut. (1873) ; All kinds of cattle are
known in Wilsden as 'beeas.'this word being used both in a singular
and plural sense. That's a fine beeas. Billy's a lot o' rare beeas,
Leeds Merc. Siippl. {}u\y 18, 1891) ; T'beeas'll be sould first, then
t'sheep, then t'horses (F.P.T.) ; I'd read at a urchin suckt beeas i'
t'neettime, Preston yfcmaK. (1881)314 ; w.Yks." ; w.Yks.^ When
a butcher is said to have so many beasts in his shop, what is
meant is that he has so many cows, bullocks, &c., as distinguished
from sheep ; w.Yks.* Lan. 1 con mexun beeos. kem un fodder
th' horses, Butterworth Sequel (iSig) 16; Aw'l see wat mak o
beysethey han e this kuntry, Ormerod Fcthy fro Ratlidc\\8^\ 1 i ;
Lan.' Dunnot ye kna 'at t'l'armers ma's t'brackens i' t'back-cnd,
ut bed ther beeas's wi' ? Gibson Flk-Sp. iiSogi 79. n Lan.',
ne.Lan.', e.Lan.' Chs.' Fetch th' beiis wom, it's welly milkin'
toime. A man's position and probable wealth is generally judged
by the number of cows he milks. ' Well, Jack, has ony one
caw'd wheile aw've been off? ' ' Ah, a mon caw'd.' ' What
were he loike?' 'Aw hardly know; he looked as if he met
keep eighteen beas an' two horses.' The farmer would quite
understand what sort of a man had called. Stf.' I bought three
beast ; Stf.2 Jack, goo an droive them beas out o' th' clover. Theer
wur a lot o' very foine beas at Utchetcr fair o' Wednesday. Der.
Grose (1790) Jl/5. arfrf. (,P.) nw.Der.' Lin. Some beast had brok
out o' Mr. Ward's crew, and there they was a ramping about the
gardin, A^. & Q. (1863; 3rd S. vii. 31. n.Hn.' ' Beast' is often
VOL. I.
used as a phiral for homed cattle ; the more common form is
' beas.' Them Scotch beas' was dear ; thaay'll eat their heads off
afoorc gress begins to graw. sw.Lin.' May be seen in any ad-
vertisement of sale of stock, as * Three very fresh beast,' ' The beast
are all fresh, wcll-hair'd.' Rut.' Paid ; by the Churchwarden to
the Inspectors for taking an account of the Beast, los. 1748).
Lei. There's a good few beast in my field iC.E.); Lei.' Calves,
lambs, with plenty of good beast. Worth full five hundred pound
at least, [F;7/ of Sir \V. Divie. Did you go to see the wild beast ?
[animals in Wombwcll's menagerie]. Nhp.', War.^, w.Wor.',
Shr.', Glo.'2 Oxf.' Twenty fat beast, A/5 (jrfrf. Bdf. Katchelor
Atial. Eng. Lang. (1809). e.An.' Suf.' A bullock of any de-
scription—not, I think, a bull. A 'cow-beast' — a cow fattening
for the butcher — not when in milk or breeding. Ess.' I.W.' ;
I.W.2 Bist thee gwyne to sar [feed] the beeast Jack? Dor.
Barnes Gl. ( 1863 . Som. 'Tcs my beastezes sure 'nough, that's
whose 'tes, Raymond Love and Qiiiel Life U894) 108. w.Som.'
Very seldom used as a sing. Wuur bee gwaa-yn wai dliai
bee us ? [where are you going with those beast?] When used
severally, which is not very often, this word becomes beenistez,
and more rarely bee 'ustezez. D-ee meet dree bee-ustez kau'mccn
au'n ? [did you meet three oxen as you came onwards ?] A farmer
told me : Aay-v u-gid aewt tu wuur-keen u bee'us — doan paa-y :
dhai doan kaum tu beef zu zeo'n bee u yuur [I have given up
working 'beast,' (it'i does not pay ; they do not become beef so
soon by a year (as those not used for ploughing, &c.)]. Dev. 'Ow
minny baistes avee a-tOked up tu Zniithvreld thease yer then,
niaister? Hewett Pcfli. £/>. (1892. Som. Jennings Z)/a/. Mi.fWjf.
(.1869).
2. Comp. (1) Beast-band, a chain for fastening cattle to
their stalls ; (2) -craft, farriery ; (3) -gate, summer pas-
turage ; (4) -graithing, harness for oxen; (5) -house, a
cow-house; (6) -housing, accommodation for cattle ; (7)
-leech, a cow-doctor; (8) -market, cattle-market; (9)
-provven, cattle-food; (10) -stang, a short stick thrust
through the legs of cows to hang them up bj', when
killed ; (11) -time, feeding time for beasts, eight o'clock
at night.
iiin.Yks.2 (2)1*. (3) w.Yks.2 (4"! n.Yks.2 The wooden neck-
collar for the oxen. (51 Shr.' (61 n.Yks.* There's a good stand
o' bais-housing. (7' Shr.' One Peter Braine, an excellent beast-
leech, Gough //«/. jl/v</<//<-, 120. (,8)Glo.' ,9, n.Yks.2 (10) w.Yks.
That stick hanging there ? that is the beast-stang, I.ucas Sliiel.
Niddeidalc (c. 1882I 31. (11) Nhb. Till about eight o'clock, or
beast-time, Richardson Borderer's Tablc-bk. (1846^ \TI. 243.
3. A horse.
Sc. By way of eminence, a horse is in Teviotdalc denominated
the beast, no other animal receiving this designation. A man is
said to have both a cow and a beast, when he possesses a cow and
a horse (Jam.).
4. pi. A term for lice.
Sc. (Jam. Suppl.) Rnf. There's nae beasts in my heid this mony
a day, Neilson Poems (1877) 52. Ayr. FlalTan wi' duds an' grey
wi' beas'. Burns To licchehiib 11790).
5. Child's name for the devil.
Sc. (G.W.)
[1. Beasts or cattle, ^^cora, Robertson Pliras. (1693);
Beastes alone, nor horses alone, nor shepe alone . . .
wyll not eate a pasture cuen, Filzherrert Hush. (1534)
62. 3. A beast for service, Juiiunlufn, Coles I1679I ; And
layed him on his bcaste (on his beest, Wyclif, 1388), and
brought hym to a commen hostry, Tindale (i«6) Luke
X. 34. Wyclif (1382J has 'on his hors.' The Vulg. has
'junientutn.']
BEAST, sec Beest.
BEASTHES, see Beast.
BEASTIE, sb. Sc. Nhb. A diminutive of beast.
Sc. Gen. used as expressive of aflcction or sympathy vJam ). Abd.
'Twas dootless first-rate fun to you To squeeze the beastie i' yer
mou, Ogg li'il/ie U'aly (1873) 38 Ayr. Wee, sleckit, cow' rin,
tim'rous beastie. Burns To a Mouse (1785') st. i ; I doubt na, whiles,
but thou may thieve ; What then? poor beastie, thou maun live I
ih. St. 3. Nhb.'
BEASTLE, i;. Som. Dev. Also written beasle.beysle
Dev. ; beezle Som. [biasl, n.Dev. bisl.J To soil, to
befoul, to make filthy ; also uscA fig.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (i873\ w.Som.' Muyn un ncet beeusi yur
kloauz [mind and not soil your clothes]. Draat dhu checul !
neef ee aan ubee-usl liz zuul aul oavur! [drat the child! if he
E C
BEASTLINGS
[210]
BEAT
has not befouled himself all over!] How thick pony do drow the
mux ; he'll beastle anybody all over, nif they bamt awake to un!
Dev. I dont need to beas'le my fingers, Sharland IVays lillage
(188s' 13 ; Dev.3 Dawntee beastle your clayne vroke, Sally; yu
knaws wh'ot trubbel I tuked tu wash'n. n.Dev. Aw, Dame, doant
beysle'n all tha day. Rock Jim an' AW/ (1867) St. 91. nw.Dev.i
[Beast, sb. + -/t' (-el), freq. vbl. suff.]
BEASTLINGS, see Beestings.
BEASTLY, adj. Dev. Cor. Dirty, soiled. See
Baistly, fi(/J.
Dev. I tell you, once and for all, I'll never dip the beastly thing
[a well] out as long as you're my tenant, Stooke Not Exactly, i ;
He sed he'd furgot tu change his shurt, an if he'd got to feert [fight]
twud look bad to sea a baisly wan, u.Dev. Jm. 'Aug. 20, 18851 6,
col. 4 ; Mary,dQee take tha billisesaway vromthickeecheel. Her'th
aput tha nawse aw'm in'er mowth an' made 'erzel za beastly's a peg,
Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892) 52 ; There's cabs awl awver thease yer
plate ; dawnt yu niver bring sich a beastly cabby theng tu me again,
ib. 59. Cor. N. i&^ Q. (1854") ist S. x. 179.
[Beastly or filthy, Robertson Phras. (1693) : From their
abominable and beastly touches, Shaks. M. for Meas. iii.
ii. 25.]
BEAST-MILK, see Beest.
BEAT, sb.^ Stf. Oxf. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also
written beet Dev. Cor. ; bete Cor.^ [bet, bit.]
1. Turf pared off the ground for burning. See Beat, v.^
Stf., Oxf. To burn beate or peat, to burn turves for the im-
provement of cold and barren lands, Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.)
Dev. The beat (that is the slight layer of turf which is spaded off
the land) is burnt, preparatory to ploughing for wheat. Bray
Dcsc. Taiiiar and Taziy(i826) I. 3^8; Marshall /f;/n £fOH. (,1796 .
n.Dev. Whare they be shooling o' beat, E.vm. Scold. 1 1746) 1. 197.
nw.Dev.^Wespeak of' burning beat,' not of 'burn-beating.' sw.Dev.
Pengelly Verbal Pron. (1875)37. De-v.. Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808)
n. 422 ; Grose (1790) MS. add. 1 C.) ; Cor.i ; Cor.= Turf cut and
dried, for burning at home, or in the fields.
2. Comp. (i) Beat-burning, sod-burning ; (2) -burrow, a
heap of dry turf or sod ready for burning; (3) -plough,
a tool for cutting turf; (4) -turf, see -burrow.
(i) Dev. The principal singularities of Dev. husbandry . . , are
the following : . . . the practice of 'beat-burning' for wheat and
turnips, Moore Hist. Dev. (1829) I. 295; Reports Agric. (1793-
1813) ; Dev.i Beat and Burning.beat is an agricultural operation,
which appears to have originated in Dev. and hence is called
Denshiring in many parts. It consists in spading, veiling, or
ploughing off the turf (spine) from old fallow lands, scuffling or
tormenting the sods so as to knock out the earth they contain ; then
laying them in heaps beat- barrows) to dry, and burning them;
finally, the ashes thus obtained are distributed over the soil pre-
viously to the operation of the plough, and are said to enrich and
meUorate it in a remarkable degree, partly perhaps by the salts
which they contain, and partly by disintegrating a tenacious and
clayey soil, and rendering it more pervious to moisture. Cor.^
(a) Dev. Heaps of couch grass, or other weeds, commonly called
' stroyl,' placed so to dry ready for burning, w.Times (Feb. 26,
1886) 2, col. 2. Cor.* Farmers, a little before ploughing time,
scatter abroad their beat-boroughs, Carew 5K»i)fy (1602) 20, ed.
1769; Cor.2 (3) Dor.' A turf-cutting tool, consisting of a broad
blade with a "J" frame and driven by a man's breast. sw.Dev.
Pengelly Verbal Pron. (1875) 38. (4) Cor.'
BEAT, sb.^ and v} Sc. Irel. Lin. Also written beet
(Jam.) N.L'
1. sb. A small bundle of flax or hemp. See Bait, sb.^
Sc. I harl't ye out tae the stennes as wafs a beet o' lint, an'
hingin' your lugs like a drouket craw, St. Patnck 1819) III. 42
(Jam.). N.I.' Ant. The name given to the bundle or sheaf, into
which it is made up when pulled from the ground. When steeped
and dried, the beets or sheaves are made into handfuls called
stricks previous to their being rolled or beaten and scutched,
Grose (1790) 71-/5. add. (C.) n.Lin. N. & Q. (1852) ist S. v.
375 ; n.Lin.' Bind the femble into sheaves or beats, Young Lin.
Agric. (1799 i 159.
2. V. To tie up flax in bundles (Jam.).
Hence Beetinband, vbl. sb. the strap which ties a
bundle of flax.
Ayr. (Jam.)
BEAT, i;.2 Irel. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Stf Nhp. Shr. Brks.
e.An. Sus. I.W. Wil. Som. Dev. [bet, beat.]
1. In phr. (i) beat the boiiiiiiiiry, see below ; (2) — clols, to
break up the hard dry lumps of cow-dung, lying in a
pasture ; (3) — the devil round the gooseberry bush, to tell
a long story without much point ; (4) — the devil and Dr.
Foster, to excel, surpass ; (5) — viy neighbour out of doors,
the card-game of ' beggar-my-neighbour' ; (6) — thestrcets,
to run about idly ; (7) — into any one, to make comprehend ;
(8) — out, (a) to thrash ; (6) to puzzle, put in a quandary ;
(9) — out the tune, to while away the time ; (10) — up, to
get on.
(I Stf^ ' To beat the boundary' is used of an old custom of
defining the boundaries of a Borough or Township. Each year the
Mayor, Corporation, and other public officials would march in
solemn procession along the border-line of their district. The
observance contributed some merriment when an arduous official
would insist on literally fulfilling his duty, clambering over the
houses that opposed his progress and crossing the stream by means
of a plank. Shr. The old-fashioned Rogation-day procession of
parish dignitaries bearing long wands with which the boundary
•marks were beaten, the company of little bo3'S, who were made to
clamber over house-roofs and put into odd holes and corners, and
not unfrequently whipped at important points to make them re-
member, are well known in all parts of Eng., Burne Flk-Lore
( 1883-86) 344. [It was a^«i. custom formerly, and is still observed
in some country parishes, to go round the bounds and limits of the
parish on one of the three days before Holy Thursday, when the
minister, accompanied by his Churchwardens and parishioners,
were wont to deprecate the vengeance of God, beg a blessing on
the fi-uits of the earth, and preserve the rights and properties of
the parish, Brand Pop. Antiq. (,1849) I. 197.] (2) WU.' (3) Sus.'
An old man at Rye said he did not think the new curate was
much of a hand in the pulpit, he did beat the devil round the goose-
berry-bush so. (4) Ir. You'd beat the divil an' Docthor Fosther,
Carleton Fardorougha ( 1848) 233. (5) Brks.' 1,6) Som. 'W. & J.
Gl. ( 1873). Dev. I recently heard a woman say, ' I won't have my
children beating the streets.' This expression referring to children
running about the streets and playing with any others is, I suppose,
akin to the phr. ' beating the bounds,' Pepoiis Provinc. (1893I. (7)
Nhp.' He is so stupid 1 can't beat it into him ; I cant make him
understand. (8, a) w.Som.' Birds are said to beat out the corn
when they attack it while still uncut. (A) e An.' Ess. 'How
they can doe that there,' cried John, 'It wholly beats me out,'
Clarke J. Noakes (1839) 23 ; Ess.' (9) I.'W. 'Terble hard putt
to it they be to beat out the time athout siling their hands. Gray
Annesley (1889) I. 159. (10) I.'W.'^ How d'ye sim to beat up,
mayet ? [How do you do ? or How are you getting on?]
2. To bruise the feet with excessive walking.
Nhb.' Constant hard-working horses are subject to beat or
founder to their feet or leggs, Coinpleat Collier ii-]o8 34. n.Yks.
(I.'W.)
Hence Beat, adj. bruised with walking or hard work.
Nhb.' A bet foot. Nhb., Dur. A beat hand is a hand which, from
being vesicated or blistered with hard work, has festered, Green-
well Coal Tr. Gl. (1849^. [Horses with their hind legs much beat
at the hock, and termed cow-hocked, are most subject to this
affection [bone spavin], LowsoN Mod. Fartier {i8.\^) 65.
[(6) pei . . . beten \e stretis, Wyclif Works (c. 1375) 152
(Stratmann). (9, a) So she gleaned in the field untiU
even, and beat out that she had gleaned, Bible Ruth
ii. 17 ]
BEAT, v.^ Shr. Hrf Rdn. Mtg. Som. Dev. Cor.
Written beet Dev. Cor. ; bete Cor.* ; bett Shr.' Hrf.'
Rdn. [bSt, bet, bit]
1. To pare turf off the ground for burning. See Beat,
sb}
Hrf Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863") ; Bound Prov. (1876) ; Hrf
Rdn. Morgan Wds. i 1881). w.Som'Todig oft" the 'spine ' or turf,
and then to burn it and scatter the ashes before ploughing. This
is a very common practice when hill pasture has become overrun
with objectionable growths, such as gorse, brambles, or ferns ; or
when moorland is first tilled. Dhik dhae ur klee"v-zu veol u vuuz
moa-rz, aay shl-ae*un u bai't [that cleeve is so full of furze roots,
I shall have it beaten]. In other districts this process is called
Denshiring ; i.e. Devonshire-ing. nw.Dev.' The field was baited,
you knaw. Dev., Cor. .A/o«^A/y J/fl^. (1808} II. 422 ; Grose ^1790)
MS. add. (C.)
Hence (i) Beating, vbl. sb. (a) the turf or sod pared off
the ground for burning purposes ; (b) the act of paring off
the turf; (2) -axe, sb. a tool used in paring off the turf;
(3) -iron, sb., see -axe.
BEAT
[211]
BEAUTY
(i, a) Hrf.i Putting fire to the betting. Rdn. Morgan JVds.
(1881). (4) N.Cy.2,Mtg. (E.R.M.-l, Cor.3 (a) w.Cy. A large adze, 5
or6 inches wide, crooked and somewhat Iiollovv, used for cutting off
the sods for burning, Marshall /?!<»-. Econ. (1796). (3-Shr.* Obsoi,
implement used to pare off the turf in the process of' betting and
burning.' [It resembled the ' (laying spade,' q.v.]
2. In phr. beat and bunt, see below.
Shr.i Ohsol. An agricultural process adapted to the improvement
of rough grass land. It consists of paring off the surface soil with
an implement called a 'betting-iron,' collecting into heaps, burn-
ing it, and when in a charred state digging it a spade's depth into
the ground. ' It's a rough plack, but I'm gwein to bet an' burn
it ; the turf ess is capital for tatoes.'
Hence beating and bitniiiig; phr.
Shr.' Beating and burning is still practised in the neighbourhood
of Minstcrlcy. nw.Dev.^ Risdoniabout 1630) speaks of ' beating
and burning,' and thus describes the process : ' Paring the grain of
their ground with mattocks into turfs, then drying and loughing
those turfs into burrows, and so burning them, and spreading their
ashes on the ground so pared .. .; which kind of beating and burning
is rare in other shires, and seems to be originally peculiar to this
county, being known by the name of Denshering in other counties.'
BEAT, see Beet.
BEAT-AXE, sh. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written
biddicks Cor.' ; biddix Dev. Cor.' ^ A pick or mattock
used for paring turf. See Beat, sb}
w.Som.' Bee ut-eks, bait-eks, biiteks, a kind of broad mattock
almost like an adze, used for beating. Dev. Fo.\ Kiiigsbti^tge
fi874'l ; Drashles. biddickses, and sholes, Daniel Bride (1842) 179.
Dev., Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 422; Grose (1790) MS. add.
(C.) Cor. We'll arm ourselves weth ugly things, Stoanes,
biddixes, and boords, Tregellas Tales (i860) 16, ed. 1865 ; Cor.' ;
Cor. 2 A double digging tool, one end pointed, the other flattened.
BEATE, see Bate.
BEATEM, sA./'/ir. Yks. Lin. Tiie conqueror, one who
excels all others ; geu. used in cock-fighting.
w.Yks. IIl/.x. U'd!>.', w.Yks.^ Hees t'beatem of au. n.Lin.^
[Beatem repr. Beat 'em, i.e. beat them.]
BEATER, sb. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lin.
1. A tool used for beating down soil, &c. into a hole ; esp.
for stemming a hole when blasting in rocks or mines.
Nhb.^ Nhb., Dur. A blunt-ended tool used for beating, stemming,
or tamping a hole after the blasting charge has been put in ; it has
a groove upon one side for the pricker, which remains in the hole
during the process of stemming, Nicholson Coal Tr. Gl. (1888)
n.Yks. (I.W.) e.Yks. The earth would cleame to the beater. Best
Hur. Econ. (1641) 107. w.Yks.'
2. A name given to various tools for beating or crushing.
Nhb.i A stone used for braying sand. Yks. A platelayer's pick,
with which he beats the ballast under the sleepers to obtain a solid
foundation for them (B. K.). n.Lin.' (1) A Hat piece of wood with
a shaft inserted diagonally in its upper surface, used for crushing
the seed vessels of flax. (2) A stick with a knob at the end,
used for mashing potatoes. (3) The projecting pieces of wood
inside a churn. w.Som.' Bce'utur, or bai'tur, the drum in a
thrashing-machine which actually beats out the corn from the ear.
BEATH. V. Shr. Hrf. Nif. Suf. Ess. Also written
beethShr.i [bTS.]
1. To dry green wood by placing it near the fire.
e.An.i, Nrf.' Ess. And after at leasure let this be his hier. To
beath them and trim them at home by the fier, Tusser Htisbaiidiic
(1580I 62, St. 9.
Hence (i) Beathed, />/>/. adj. heated and hardened by
the fire ; (2) Beathing, vbl. sb. straightening unseasoned
wood by heat.
Midi. Meat improperly roasted is still said to be beathed, Toone
Diet. (1834). (2; Nrf., Suf. Grose (1790).
2. To decay, to wither.
Shr.l
Hence (i) Beathed, ppl. adj. decayed, withered; (2)
Beethy, adj. {a) of fallen leaves : withered, decayed ; {b)
sodden, flabby, overripe ; also of meat: underdone. See
Bathed, Bathy.
(i)Shr.i (2, nShr.l Hrf. Duncumb W5/. //>/. (1804-ia). (A)
Hrf. Grose (1790) MS. add. fP.) ; Hrf.' Also said of a person in
a slight perspiration ; Hrf.= Limp or flabby as toast in cider, wet
and soft as hops.
[Take a feyr schoyt of blake thorne crabtre medeler or
feneper cut yu \e same sesun and wyl bethed, Trealyse of
yssiiynge (c. 1425!, ed. Satchel!, 8.)
BEATING, /)fA ? 0/;s. Yks. Ken.
1. In phr. beatini^ li'it/i child, breeding.
Yks. PR.); Ray(i69i:; Bailf.v {1721).
2. Of the action of small fiies : fastening on sheep,
where the shears have made a scratch.
Ken Young Ann. Agric. (1784-1815 .
[1. From beat, vb. in the sense of to throb, to move with
frequent and regular repetitions, used gen. of the heart or
pulse.]
BEATMENT, sb. Nhb, Dur. A measure of capacity
holding a quarter of a peck. See Beakment.
N Cy.i Nhb. Now Martin's cap's a tatie beatment, Midford
Coll. Si:gs. 1 1818 22 ; Nhb.i Formerly in gen. use in the district,
especially in the retail sale of vegetables and coals. The measure
was commonly made of wood staves hooped, with a division so
placed that at one end up a beatment could be meted and at the
other hall"-a beatment. At Hexham the measure was double the
size of the Newcastle beatment ; hence the proverb, ' Hexham
measure, heaped full, an' runnin ower.' — ' Aa's still sair beset,
Coals is threepence a beatment, and nyen for te get.' Corvan Rise
in Coals fc. i865>. Dur. Morton Cyclo. Agiic. (1863) 167.
BEATT, see Bate.
BEAUFET, see Buffet.
BEAUMONTAGUE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Lan. Ken. Also
written bomontagu Nhb.' A kind of putty ; see below.
Frf. At the Tay Bridge inquiry' here, frequent mention has been
made of the filling up of blow-holes, &c., in the columns of the
bridge, with a mixture which the moulders styled ' beaumontague,'
A'. & Q. (1880 6th S. i. 256. Nhb. In common use on the Tyne
(R.O.H.) ; Nhb,' A mixture of tar and china clay, beaten up hard
and used in stemming acid condensers and stone acid tanks and
cisterns in chemical works. Lan. The word Beaumontague is
used very extensively, and is given to any plastic substance for
covering a defect in any material. ' He is rammin' it wi' boman-
tigue' means that he is filling up or covering some defect; not
necessarily 'scamping' (H.M.). Ken. At the S.E. Railway
works, at Ashford, some fifteen years ago, putty used to be called
' boormanteeg,' and the word was, I think, gen. used mockingly
when a carpenter employed the putty to hide defects in his work,
A^. & Q. (1880 6th S. i. 304 ; vDW.L.) ; Rarely, if ever, used now,
but was very common. It was used in connexion with 'scamped
work,' and was also applied to the man himself in contempt for his
work (H.M.). [When I was a boy it was spelt as pronounced,
' bomentaig,* and was much used by painters, carpenters, and other
artificers whose work involved the filling up cracks, A^ i^ Q.
(i88o 6th -S. i. 304.]
BEAU REYNOLDS, sb. Sur.* A name for the fox.
See Mus Reynolds.
[Beau (as in ' Beau Nash,' ' Beau Brummel'), Fr. beau.
Reynolds is due to Fr. renaid (in Cotgr. regnaid), a fox,
assoc. in form w. Reynotd.% the common surname.]
BEAUTIFUL, adj. Not. Lin. Som. Dev. and in gen.
colloq. use. Pleasnig or good ; agreeable to the taste.
Not.' Freq. applied to food, meaning delicious, n.Lin.' Anything
pleasing or good without any relation to the artistic, picturesque,
or poetical faculties. Them's the bewtifullest pills I iver took ;
thaay run thrif one like smack, w.Som.' Dhai brau-th yiie gid
mee, wauz biie-tipeol [they broth you gave me were delicious].
Dev. IV. Times ' Feb. 26, 1886) a, col. 2.
BEAUTIFY, V. Brks. To make one's toilet very
carefully.
Brks. Common enough, but I have not heard it lately among
natives (M.J, B.I ; Brks.'
BEAU-TRAP, s/;. Nhp, Nrf, Slang. A loose stone in the
pavement, which tips up when stepped upon, and scatters
the dirty water collected under it over the pedestrian.
Nhp.', Nrf.' Slang. A town Plymouth) where beau-traps under
water grin, Inviting gentle strangers to walk in, Peter Pindar
JFks. (1816) I. 398.
[The word means lit, a trap for catching a beau (a fop or
dandy).]
BEAUTY, sb. Yks. Chs, War. Won Dev. Cor, and m
^fH. colloq. use. Written booty- Chs,'* ^ [biuti, biiti,]
1. Used uonically, as a term of contempt, of a person
whose conduct is the reverse of beautiful.
War,3 He's a beauty — I wonder you're not ashamed to be seen
£62
BEAVE
[212]
BECHT
with him. ' 'Er was a beauty, 'er was,' spoken of a past servant,
would mean that she was impertinent and unmanageable, or
incompetent in a marked degree. w.Cor. She's a beauty without
paint or polish. I wonder she can keep such a beauty in her house,
she's a reg'lar bad 'un (M.A.C.). Cor .2 That beauty! You'm
a putty beauty ! r l
2. Comp. (i) Beauty-house, a child s name for any box
or shelf ornamented in imitation of a cabinet ; (2) -spot,
a l<ind of pimple about the mouth ; (3) -water, early
morning dew.
(i) Chs.i''; Chs.3 An expression used by children for any old
box, shelf, or out-of-doors rockery, or rather crockery, ornamented
by them with bits of glass, china, coloured stones, &c. (21 w.Yks.s,
Wor. (J.W.P.) (3) Dev.3 It is said if a girl washes her face with
dew in the early morning that she has ' rubbed en up wi' buty-
watter.'
BEAVE, V. Ohsol. Ess. Of ducks : to dive.
Ess. (H.H.M.); Obs. (A.S.P.)
BEAVER, sb> Obsol. Sc. Nhb. Slang. A top-hat.
Ayr. Hey, brave Johnnie lad. Cock up your beaver, Burns, 269
(Globe ed. ). Nhb. Wiv his beaver round and low, Little switch, an
thick surtou, Oliver Local Siigs. (1824) 13. Slang. At one time
hats were made of beaver's fur— hence the name ; the term is
still occasionally applied to tall ' chimney-pot hats,' Farmer.
[A beaver-hat (K.).]
[Beaver, a hat of the best sort, Ash (1795) ; A beaver
(hat), pih-iis expilisfibri coactus. Coles (1679) ; Mr. Holden
sent me abever, which cost me 4^ 5s., Pepys/J/Vi/j (1661,
June 27) ; Up-on his heed a Flaundrish bever hat,
Chaucer C. T. 272.]
BEAVER, sb? Obs. Lin. A term applied to fine
woad.
Lin. Morton Cyclo. Agrk. (1863).
BEAVER, sb? Dor. The underwood or bushes
growing by a hedge. See Beever.
Dor. The bushes or underwood growing out on the ditchless
side of a single hedge ; or the greensward beside the beaten road
in a lane, Barnes Gl. (.1863) ; (H.J.M.)
BEAVER, see Bever. _
BEAZE, V. Wor. [bez.] To dry in the sun.
Wor. An old woman who died about four years ago would say
' The banes [beans] are bazed down ov the sun ' (H.K.). w.Wor.'
Them 'ops gets reg'lur beazed this 'ot weather.
Hence Beazy, adj. dried up, withered.
w.Wor.' Them trees o' yourn wants waterin' ; this winder's so
sunny, thaay be quite beazy.
BEAZEN, «rt)'. Lin. Bold. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.]
Lin.i She's a beazen wench.
BEAZLED, ppl. adj. Ken. Sur. Sus. Tired out, ex-
hausted. See Bezzle, v.
Ken. Beazled out (M.J.I.C). Sur.i That young mare [meer]
was properly beazled after they journeys in the coal-team.
Sus. He went beggarenferwurkan fur brencheese . . . till he cum
to or Bill's doar gran nigh beazled, Jackson S"»rtif(7;Y///o (1894)
I. 250 ; Dey sung an lalTed an smOaked an onny slopp'd wen dey
was fairly beazled, ib. 389 ; Sus.' He comes home tired of an
evening, but not beazled like boys who go to plough.
BEB. t/. Nhb.' [beb.] Toact as croupier in the game
of ' pitch and toss.'
Hence Bebber, sb. the person who acts as croupier in
the game of pitch and toss.'
Nhb.' The bebber is one who gathers in the pennies ; gen. the
one who has lost and does this to earn something to stait the
'school' again, should his employer win.
BEB, see Bib.
BEBBERAGE, see Beverage.
BEBBLE, see Bibble.
BEBBY-BECK, sb. w.Yks.'^ [bebi-bek.] The water
ouzel. See Beck-bibby.
[Bebybeke, aiiis, Calli. Atigl. (1483). Beck, the same as
beck (brook), q.v.]
BECALL, V. Yks. Lan. Stf. Nhp. War. Wor. Hrf GIo.
Oxf. Brks. Hmp. LW. Wil. Dor. Som. Also written
becaw, bekow Lan. To abuse, call names, rail at.
w.yks.2 Lan. Who threped an' threped, and aw to becaw'd
me, Smadwell IVitihes (1682) 103, ed. 1718; What art theaw
bccoin' him neaw ! Brierley Layiock (,1864) v ; 1 kon remember
e owd King George time ot jakkobites wur'n bekode, like us
jakobins ar' neaw. Walker Plebeian Pol. (1796) 17, ed. 1801 ;
Hee bekows kings, and lets 'em deawn meekly, ib. 57. Stf.
(H.K.), Nhp.' War. (J.R.W.); War.2 ; War.^ I couldn't stop
in that 'ouse, the missus be-cail'd me so. s.War.' War., Wor.
'Er becalled me all the names 'er could lay 'er tongue to (H.K.).
Wor. 'Er fell on we, an knocked we about, an' swoer, an'
becalled we shcamful, Vig. Mon. in War. Jtn. (Mar. 9, 1895) 4,
col. 3. s.Wor.' Er becalled mu shamful ! se.Wor.', Hrf.^ Glo.
I 'ev heard un becall the parsons sky-high an' all, Gissing Vill.
Hatnpden (1890) I. 273; It be nation fine lo becall others when ye
had your head wrapped up i' that black cloth and couldn't ha' seed
a ghost, ib. Both of this Parish (^18891 I. 117. Oxf.' U bikau-ld uuy
shem-n [A becalled I shemful]. Brks.', Hmp. (H. CM. B. ) I.W.2
He becalled me everything he could think on. WU. Now then,
Lizer, wen you've adone Becallin I, we thick are tongue. Slow
Rhymes (1889) 120, n.Wil. Her becalled I at a terrible rate
(E.H.G.). WU.' Dor. Barnes G/. (1863); Dor.' Som.iJ.S.F.S.");
(F.A.A.) ; A woman describing the bad language of another said,
' She becalled me but everything,' meaning that no epithet was
omitted which would give offence (.G.S.) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873).
w.Som.' Tu yuur ee'ns ee beekyaa-lud ur, t wauz shee'umfeol [to
hear how he vilified and abused her, it was shameful]. Uur bee-
kyaa'ld-n au'l dhut livur uur kud laa y ur tuungtiie [she called him
all the names she could lay her tongue to].
[This isonlya modern use. In ME. the word commonly
meant to call forth, challenge. To becalle, proiiocare,
Catli.Angl. (1483) ; Neuer-})e-lese cler I yow by-calle If je
con se hyt to be done, Pearl (c. 1360J 913, in Allit. P. 27.
Be- + call.]
BECAM, V. Nhb.' Past tense of /o i^co;«f.
[Thy sone . . . bycam man of a mayde mankynde to
amende, P. Plowman (c.) vni. 128; I lighted doun and
man becam, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 20531.]
BECAUSE "WHY, advb. plir. Irel. Der. Ken. Som.
Also in forms becase Der. ; cos Ken. Because, for the
reason that ; also iiiterrog. why ? wherefore ?
s.Ir. Quite melancholy . . . because why the river was flooded
and he could not get across, Croker Leg. (1862) 269. Der.'
Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.' A very common controversy amongst boys :
' No it ain't. ' — ' Cos why ? ' — ' Cos it ain't ! ' Ken.^ In answering
questions of a rude sort. w-Soni.*
[I prey \e take hit nouht in greue . . . Bi cause whi, hit
is clerkes wise, E. E. P. (c. 1305), ed. Furnivall, J25
(Matzner).]
BECHANCE, v. Sc. Yks. Som. To happen, to befall.
Fif. It sae bechanced at that hour That . . . Dan George
Buchanan . . . was reading, Tennant Papistry (1827) 75. n.Yks.2
Som. But I did just bechance to catch zight o' Solomon Moggridge,
Raymond Lone and Quiet Life (1894 1 50.
[All happiness bechance to thee in Milan, Shaks. Two
Cent. I. i. 61.]
BECHATTED, pp. Lin.' [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] Bewitched.
BECHE, sb. Nhb. Dun w.Yks. Also written beache
w.Yks. ; bitch N.Cy.' Nhb.' Mining term: an iron rod
with a hollow cone inside, used for extracting broken
bore-rods during boring operations.
N.Cy.', Nhb.' Nhb., Dur. A boring tool made of iron and having
some resemblance to the extinguisher of a candle, used in boring
for the purpose of extricating the bottom portion of a broken set
of bore-rods from a bore-hole, Greenwell Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
w.Yks. (T.T.); The common word used by the workmen for this
tool is 'bitch' (C.B.C.).
[For drawing up the rods, we have, to hold them, an
iron instrument called a bitch, and, for unscrewing them,
two more we call dogs, Hooson Miners Diet. (s.v. Boring)
(1747). Prob. repr. Fr. beche, mattock.]
BECHLE, V. and sb. Cld. (Jam.) [be'xl.]
1. V. To cough. See Baichie. 2. sb. A settled cough.
\Bech- -f le, vbl. freq. sufi'.]
BECHT, sb. and v. Sc. Also written bicht. [be/t,
bixt.]
1. sb. A loop on a rope or cord.
n.Sc. Pit a bicht o' the rope (W.G.).
2. V. To put a loop on a rope.
n.Sc. (,W.G.)
BECK
[213]
BECK
Hence Becht, pp. tied.
Sc. Grose (ngo) MS. add. (C.) ; (Jam.)
[The same as lit. E. bight. Bight (among sailors), any
turn or part of a cable or rope that lies rolled up, Bailey
(1770). OE. byht, a bend.]
BECK, sb} Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Not. Lin. Nrf.
Suf. Sus. NotinNhb. [bek.]
1. A brook, a small stream or river.
n.Cy. Grose (1790) MS. add. (M.) ; They crossed more than one
brook or beck as they are called in that country, Scorr Rcdg.
(1824) XV ; N.Cy. 12 Dur. The line dividing the more northern
'burn' from the s.Dur. and Yks. 'beck' is a sharp one. It runs along
the ridge betu'een Wear and Tees from Burnhope Seat eastwards
to Paw Law Pike. The tributaries to the Wear, on the n. side
of this ridge, are burns, and the similar affluents to the Tees,
on its s. side, are becks (R.O.H.); This term, which is found
in Danish and Norwegian settlements in Eng., occurs about sixty-
three times in the county of Dur. In Nhb. it is represented
in the solitary case of the ' River Wansbeck,' and in this it is
questionable whether the second syllable is beck, Heslop Gl.\ Dur.'
Cum. Hooiwer we sets sail doon be a beck side, Farrall Betty
IVilson (1886) 108; Breck t'ice i't beck for t'coos to drink,
Borrotvdale Lett. (1787") 6, ed. 1869 ; An' she has tooket up the
beck. Burn Poems (1885) 242; (j.Ar."); He co's t'beck a river,
Dickinson Cumbr. (1876) 51 ; Gl. (1851) ; Cum.' ; Cura.^ Change
is leetsome, if it's no'but oot o' bed intil t'beck, Piov. ; It was
tiet iv a meal-bag an' flung into t'beck, 158. Cum., Wm. When
he com at a beck, Jhwonny fell off at t'neck, Nursery Rhyme
(M.P.). Wm. I'll gang tul t'dippin dub i' t'beck en droon misel,
RoBisoN Aald Tales 1.1882) 3; Scwores o' mucky becks. White-
head Leg. (1859) 18 ; A man liggin et beck, up ta his ee. Close
Satirist (1833) 155; His eene's like cushat eene, by t'becks o'
watt'rs, Richardson Sng. Sol. (1859) v. 12 ; We went to a spot
coad Greenige ... I nivver thout but I sud hae been ith beck,
Wheeler Dial. (1790) 107, ed. 1821 ; Wm.' Yks. What sounds
might scare the hooting owl Or hush the beck below, Munby
yerses (1865) 18. n.Yks. Weshed doon t'beck, Linskill Haven
Hill (1886) xix ; n.Yks.' The Esk, after it has received Common-
dale Beck, Danby Beck, and two or three other and smaller
streams, is called ' T'Gret Beck ' ; n.Yks. ^ A brig astride o'
t'beck ; n.Yks.^, ne.Yks.' e.Yks. This is the common name for
streams, though some are worthy, notably the trout-streams at
Driffield, of being called rivers. Beyond this generic name,
they are all nameless, except when the name of the adjacent
village is added or prefixed for the sake of distinction, Nicholson
Fli-Sp. (1889) 52; Marshall Rtir. Ecoit, (1788); Thompson
Hist. IVelton (1869) 170; e.Yks.', m.Yks.' w.Yks. It's like th'
chap 'at saw his horse fall into th' beck, Hartley Ditl. (1868)
119; Moor like th' bed of a beck, ib. Piidditi (1876) 179; Our
rivulets are sykes, burns, or becks, A^. & Q. (1870) 4th S. vi.
366; The smaller streams are called sikes, the larger gills, and
the largest, being gen. those which run along the dale, becks,
HowiTT Riir. Eng. (1838) I. 305 ; Lang gangs t'pitchcr to th'
beck. But i' th' end it comes hoam brokken, Frov. in Brighouse
News (July 23, 1887) ; We can ayther gan doon to t'beck an'
ower t'brig, or cross a lile bit hisher up, Lucas Stud. Niddcrdale
(c. 1882) 32; Hlf.x. IVds.; (E.G.); w.Yks.i = 345 Lan. Gaskell
Lectures (1854) 20; Lan.' When moor or moss do saffron yield.
And beck and sikerun down with honey, Ballads {i8-]5^ 31. n.Lan.
T'bek's ranan vara Strang (W.S.). n.Lan.' Humpty Dumpty lay
in a beck With all his sinews round his neck, Halliwell Nursery
Rhymes (1842). Not. Only in local names (J.H.B.). Lin. 'Vox
agro Lincoln, usitatissima, Rivus,' Skinner (1671); As I was
crossing the beck, 'twas so slape, down I coomed with sich a belk,
A'. & Q. (1865) 3rd S. vii. 31; Her as liv'd doon by beck, Peacock
Tales and Rhymes (i885) 97 ; Off we started for the beck, Brown
Lit. Laur. (1890)41 ; Loook thou theer wheer Wrigglesby beck
comes out by the 'ill, Tennyson A'. Farmer, New Style (1B70) sL
14 ; I seed the beck coomin' down like a long black snaake
i' the snaw, ib. Oiud Rod {i88g). n.Lin. (E.S.) ; Sutton IFds.
(i88i) ; n.Lin.' This raain hcs fill'd all th' becks an' dikes ; ther'U
be sum banks brustin' or I'm mistaan ! swXin.' A beck runs
down the town-street. The houses all drain into the beck. In
the epitaph in Kettlethorpe Church, on Rev. John Becke, Rector
of Kettlethorpe, who died in 1597: 'I am a Becke, or river as
you know, And wat'red here y" Church, y» schole, y" pore.' e.An.'
Nrf. Cozens-Hardy Sioarf A)/. (1893)28; Marshall Rur. Eion.
(1787) ; A wello' livin' waters, and becks from Lebanon, Gillett
Sng. Sol. (i860) iv. 15; Nrf.' A beck is not a river where the
water first catches the eye, but a brook, where at a little distance
the broken banks are the conspicuous object, while the water is
often not seen at all. Suf. (F.H.), Suf.', Sus.'" Dev. w.Times
(Feb. 26, 1886) 2, col. 2. [(K.)]
2. Contp. (1) Beck-bibby, the water ouzel, Cinclus aqiia-
ticiis ; (2) -bottom, the low land beside a stream; (3)
•brig, a bridge over a beck; (4) -ford, see -stones; (5)
-grain, the place where a streain divides, also the branch
of the stream ; (6) -hecks, a railing across the stream for
keeping the cattle to their portion of it ; (7) -hoil, the bed
of the brook ; (8) -nails, nails used for nailing spouting
for water-wheels, &c. ; (9) -rails, see -hecks ; (10) -sand,
river sand; (11) -shoot, the part of a stream where the
water falls in a cascade; (12) -side, the bank of the brook;
(13) -stakes, stakes driven into the bed of the stream for
various purposes; (14) -stan, the strand of a rapid river;
(15) -stang, the pole across the stream to prevent the
cattle of difierent owners from mixing; (16) -steead,
the bed or channel of the stream ; (17) -stones, stepping-
stones across the stream; (18) -straddler, the frog as it
sprawls when swimming; (19) -streak, the direction in
which the brook stretches; (20) -wath, the place where
the stream is forded ; (21) -wife, a woman who washes in
the stream.
(i) Lan.l, ne.Lan.' (al n.Lin.' (3) n.Yks ^ w.Yks. Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Aug. 22, 1891). (4) n.Yks.= (5) Cum., Wm. In
Alston Moor all the nameless rivulets which afterwards unite to
form the rivers are called beck-grains (M.P. ). Cum.' (6) n.Yks.'
(7) w.Yks. (S.K.C.) (8jNhb.' 9) n.Lin.' (10 Cum., Wm. (M.P.)
(li)n.Yks.2 (12) n.Yks.= w.Yks. One day he wor at t'beckside,
Hartley PkiWih' (1876) 155. n.Lin.' (13) n.Yks.' (14) w.Yks.'
(15) n.Yks.' (16; n.Yks.' w.Yks. On't craggs cloase a't side
a't becksteead, Blackah Poems (1867) 24. y\^') Cum. As hard
as fbeck-steans [very obdurate] (M.P.). n.Yks." w.Yks. Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Aug. 22, 1891) ; w.Yks.* Therve boath seen licr
cross t'beckstoes wi' t'barn i' her arms, 15. n.Lin.' There was
a row o' beckstoans at th' boddom o' Cruchinland fer foaks to get
oher into Messingham parish by. (18, 19, 20) n.Yks.' (21) Wm.
Thaet keep im es thrang es beck-wife, Spec Dial. : 1885 pL iii. 30.
3. In phr. to be in the beck, to outrun the constable, to be
out at elbows.
Cum. He noo turn'd journeyman, an* went on tramp, but he
sune com bak agean, for he'd been i' the beck. Burn Fireside
Crack {18&6) g; ' Whoar's !' 'He's gean awa', he's been i'
t'beck' (E.W.P.).
[A bek, torrens, riuus, Cath. Angl. (1483) ; Out of \&
water fai gan it ta, And ordand ^it to be a brig, Ouer
another bek to lig. Leg. Holy Rood, ed. Morris, 82; Do
til thaim as till iabin in the bek of cyson, Hampole Ps.
Ix.xxii. 8 (c. 1330). ON. bckkr, a brook. J
BECK, A-A.' and v> Hrt. Sus. |bek.]
1. sb. A kind of pickaxe or mattock.
Hrt.' An instrument differing from a pickaxe or mattock only
by having its two ends about four inches broad, with which they
dig up the ground of hop-alleys, Eli.is Mod. Hush. (1750) IV- i.
16. Sus. (G.A.W.); Beck is the name for a narrow hoe. The
shape varies according to the size of the vegetable cultivated.
The purpose of the beck is to remove weeds by picking or pecking
them out of the ground, whereas a hoe cuts oil the weeds and
goes less deeply into the ground 1, R.B.) ; Sus.'
2. V. To use the beck or mattock.
Sus.'
[OE. becca, pick-axe (jElfric).]
BECK, sb.^ and i;.' Obs. .' Cant, [bek.]
1. sb. A constable. Cf beak.
Cant. HarrJire & Leland ; Farmer.
2. V. To imprison.
Cant. The writer . . . was becked, was asking here, and lay
two months in Starabin, Reade C/oii/f>- (1861) Iv ; Farmer.
BECK, sb.* Stf. [bek.] The peak or ' beak ' of a hat.
See Beak.
nStf. (J.T.), Stf.'
[The orig. mg. of beck was a beak, a bird's bill. If
peacock and turkey leaue iobbing their bex,TussER Husb.
(1580)89. Fr. fee, a beak.]
BECK, sb.^ w.Yks. [bek.] A long narrow cistern
used in dyeing.
w.Yks. (S K.C.) ; Beck is a vessel or trough, divided into
compartments, through which pieces are passed, after dyeing, to
BECK
[214]
BED
wash off superfluous dye. A constant stream of clean water runs
in at the shallow end of the trough, carrying with it the washing
from the goods. In former times the washing was done in the
becks or rivulets near the dye-works (J.C).
BECK, sb.^ s.Pem. [bek.] A place cleared of
thorns.
s.Pem. We want a piece of beck, we'll clear away these thorns
(W.M.M.V
BECK, sbJ Obs. ? Ken. A horseshoe.
Ken Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
[Among farriers, fea>t denotes a httle horse-shoe, turned
up, and fastened in upon the fore part of the hoof,
Chambers Cyclop. (1788).]
BECK, V? and sb.^ Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. [bek.]
1. V. To nod or bow the head; to curtsey, make obei-
sance.
Sc. And ay they bobit, and ay they beckt, Ramsay Tea-Table
Misc. 11724) I. 9, ed. 1871 ; I keep the straight road and just beck
if ony body speaks to me ceevilly, Scott Midlothian (1618) xxviii ;
As in going down stairs he passed the shop where Dame Christie
stood becking, ih. Nigel (1822) iv ; You're as braw as Bink's wife
when she becket to the minister wi' the dish-clout on her head,
Henderson Piov. ^1832, 13, ed. 1881. Abd. Patience could do no
more, it becked away, quite ; good manners and honesty followed,
Thom Rhymes (1844 19. Per. He bowed an he becket, till by
a bit desk He had come to a safe kind o' anchor, Nicoll Poems
(1837) 104, ed. 1843. L»li. Ailsie beckit an' bowed to the leddy,
an' wished her a' that was gude, Strathesk Blinkbomiy (ed.
1891) 169 ; Ye cringing curs who . . . beck and bow for tyrant's
smile, McNeill Preston c. 1895) 43.
Hence Becking, vbl. sb. bowing, curtseying.
Sc. ' A great deal of becking and beenging ' is a phr. still used
among the vulgar, to denote much ceremony at meeting, among
persons of rank, or those who wish to be thought such (Jam. \ Lth.
O guess ye wha's gane a-beekin' an' booin', BaLLantine Poems
(1856) 56. e.L'h. I hae nae parteec'larhkin for the Irish ; they're
unco guid at beckin an' beengin, an' that gangs doun wi' some
maisters. Hunter/. Iniinck (1895) 82.
2. Of a horse : to nod or jerk the head. Of a muircock :
to cry and nod the head.
Slk. The factor's naig wantit a forefit shoe, and was beckin like
a water-craw, Hogg Tales (1838) 154, ed. 1865. N Cy.i Nhb.
The muircock he becks in his wild mossy hame, Armstrong
Wanny Blossoms (1876) 2 ; Nhb.*
3. sb. A nod, a curtsey.
Sc. A weird old wife nodded and talked aloud to herself with
becks and courtesies, Stevenson Catn'oiia (1892) iii; We are
fain to make a baik and a bow, Scott Rob Roy (18x7) xxvi. Per.
Wi' beck an' wi' bow, and wi' ' Goodness be here ! ' Nicoll Poems
{1837) 140, ed. 1843. Ayr. She'll gie ye a beck, and bid ye light.
Burns Tarboltou Lasses. N Cy.' After she had made a beck to
the rest of the women standing next to the doore, Sadler State
P(j/)friii8o9)n.5o5. w.Yks. Noo" dhin'maak dhi bek [Now, then,
make thy beck] (C.C.R.). ne.Lan.*
4. The cry accompanied by the jerk of the head, of the
muircock.
Nhb ' The muircock's beck could I but hear, Armstrong Aid
Crag [,l8^g).
[Beck, to make a sign bj' a nod. Ash (1795); To becke,
fiiiere, annuere, Levins Maiiip. (1570) ; And est and west
upon the peple I bekke, Chaucer C. T. c. 396. 3. Nods
and becks and wreathed smiles, Milton L' Allegro (1633)
28; A becke or nodde, nuliis, Baret (1580).]
BECK, see Beak.
BECKER, 5i.' Nhb. [bekar.] A wooden dish.
Nhb. Gent. Mag. (1794) I. 13, ed. Gomme (1886) 14; Grose
(1790 1 MS. add. (P.); Nhb.i
BECKER, sb.' Cor.'* A species of bream, Spams
pai;nis.
BECKER, see Bicker.
BECKER-DOG, sb. N.I.' [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] The grampus.
BECKET, 56.' e.An. A spade used in cutting turf.
e.An 1 Nrf.l
[Bpck,sb.'^ + -et, dim. suff.]
BECKET, si.^ e.An. [Not known to ourcorrespondents.]
A sheath.
e.An.' Knife becket.
BECKET, sb.^ Obsol. Lan. Nhp.
1. The front and brim of an old-fashioned bonnet, often
of silk, &c., drawn over wires.
Lan. Some foak say uz hur bonnet would look better if it wur
not so lung i'th becket, Staton B. Shuttle wi' th' Piince (1873) 16;
Fettlin at th' same time abeawt th' becket uv hur bonnet, ib. 19.
2. A mantelpiece. Nhp.'
\Beck, for beak, sb.'-)--?/, dim. suff.]
BECKET, 5A.* Obs. Cor. A kind of round fish.
Cor.2 Carew Survey fl602^ MS. add.
BECKETT, sb. N.Cy.' [be kat.] A little brook.
[Z?ff/t, sb.'-l--f/, dim. suff.]
BECK-IRON, see Beak-iron.
BECKY, sb. Nhb. A wood-carver's seat, consisting
of a single leg with a cross-seat on the top.
Nhb. iR.O.H.)
BECKY LEAVES, sb. Dev. The brooklime, Veronica
beccabmiga.
Dev.* The plant is sometimes employed in fomentations for
bad legs, &c. It was the old name near Torquay (not a dozen
miles from the celebrated Becky Falls . Obsol.
BECLAMED, ppl. adj. Yks. [bakle md.]
1. Smeared over with dirt or grease. n.Yks.'^, m.Yks.*
2. Flattered. n.Yks.''
[Be- + clamed; see Clame, j'.]
BECLARTED, ppl. adj. Sc. n.Cy. Yks. [m.Yks.
batla tad.] Besmeared, bedaubed. See Clart
Kcd. His clews . . . beclairtit i' the glaur. Grant Lays (1884)
8. n.Cy. Grose (1790); Holloway; N.Cy.' n.Yks. I think
they've gitten some fresh whents of girse That macks them so
beclarted about the arse, Meriton Praise Ale (1684) 1. 157 ;
n.Yks.' 2, m.Yks.i
BECOME, V. Irel. U.S.A.
1. To look well in.
N.I.' ' She becomes her bonnet,' means the bonnet becomes her.
Shure the creathur becomes his new shuit. [U.S.A. He becomes
that coat, Carruth Kansas Univ. Ottar. 1 Oct. 1892) I.]
2. In phr. il well becomes, see below.
Tip. Ironical phr. 'Well becomes me,' &c., that is, 'And a fool I am
for my pains.' It may govern a v. with to, expressing what it was
that was foolishly done ; as, ' 'Twell becomes me to have taken all
that trouble' iG.M.H.).
BECOMED. V. w.Yks. Lin. and in gen. dial, use in all
n. counties. Past participle of to become.
w.Yks. Wots biku-md on im ? (J.W.) n.Lin.' What's becum'd o'
Soapliy ' I hevn't sean her for years.
[It had becommed them a great deale better, to haue
punished their seruant, Barnes Wks. (1541) ed. 1573, 192
(N.E.D.).]
BECOMES, 5^. />/. e.An. One's best clothes.
e.An.', Nrf.' Suf. In use here, but only among old people
(F.H.).
[From become, vb., as in the phr. ' her bonnet becomes
her.']
BECRIKE, /;;/. Nhb. An exclamation or oath : by
Christ!
Nhb. Becrike ! its warse than treason, Bagnall Sngs. (c. 1850"! 8 ;
Od's marcy ! wey, marrow, becrike, it's Lord 'Size, Song (i8o6|
in Tvneside Sngs. (c. 1872 1 158; Becrike! aw's up tiv every rig,
ib. pt. iv. 73 ; Nhb.' A profane exclamation which is often heard as
* bccrikey ! ' or * crikey ! '
BED, sb. Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
1. Comp. (i) Bed-board, a board to keep the clothes from
falling off the bed ; (a) -bug, the insect Cime.x lecliilariiis;
(3) -churn, see below; (4) -eel, a species of eel; (5) -faggot,
a contemptuous name lor a bedfellow ; (6) -favourite,
a person who is fond of lying in bed in the morning; (7)
-fly, a flea; (8) -happings, the bedclothes; (9) -hillings,
the coverlet or counterpane ; (10) -light, a flat candle-
stick ; (11) -mate, a bedfellow; a bug; (12) -partner, a
hot water-bottle; (131 -pay, see below; (14) -pole, a bed-
post; (15) -post, in phr. in the ln'inkle of a bedpost, in an
instant ; (16) -ropes, see below ; (17) -rug, a counterpane,
a coverlet; (18) -settle, a bedstead; (19) -slip, the bed-
case for the feathers ; (20) -staff, a pole for tucking in the
bedclothes; (21) -steddle, a bedstead ; (22) -stick, {a) see
•staflf ; {b) a bedroom candlestick ; (23) -straw, the straw
BED
[215]
BED
with which a mattress is stuffed ; (24) -summers, longi-
tudinal pieces under the centre of tlie bed ; (25) -twilt, a
bcd-quilt; (26) -wound, a bed sore; (27) -wrist, a wooden
instrument for tightening the cords of old-fashioned corded
bedsteads.
(i) n.Yks. (I.W.) (a) Shr.l s. v. Bug. Ken. The wood was full o'
bed-bugs (D.W. L.}. (3) w.Yks.^ Bed-churn, the person who re-
mains longest in bed on the morning of Shrove Tuesday. The word
bed-churn is also applied to the boy who is the last to enter school
on the morning of that day. At Eyam this boy used to be tied
to a form or bench and taken to be ducked in a trough at some
distance from the school. (4) Nhp.^ A species of eel found in the
Nen, as lying always in clusters or beds at the bottom of the rivtrr,
until they are roused by violent floods. (5^ e.An.' A wretched
substitute, no better than a faggot in the muster of a regiment.
Nrf.' Nrf., Suf. Holloway. (6) s.Chs.' Au- dhu laad z un
wen-shiz wun priti gud fur gy'efin iip : wi)d nevur u bed-
fee'vurit i dh aays [Aw the lads and wenches won pretty good
for gcttin' up : we'd never a bed-favourite i' th' haise]. (7) Som.
N. & Q. (1877) 5th S. viii. 358 ; W. & J,. Gl. (1873). w.Som.i
(8) n.Yks.'2, ne.Yks.l, e.Yks.' n.Lin.^ Yer faather's sich a man
for bed happin', I can't put him enew blankits on. (9^ Der. Ray
(1691); Af. 6- Q. (i873)4th S. xi. 393; (K.) Lei.>, War.a Shr.»
I remember the soldiers fetched bedding from Newton, for the
use of the soldiers there. They tooke onelyone coarse bed hilling
from my father, Gough Hist. 0/ Mydd/e (i-]oo) 8. (10) Cor.3
(il)w.Yks. Se' the', se' the', lass, a bed-mate ! (W.F.) w.Som.l
(12) Hmp. Her feet be so cold I hev to give her a bed-partner
{W.M.E. F.). (13) w.Som.l The allowance paid by a sick club to
a member confined to his bed; this is reduced to walking-pay so
soon as he can getup. (14') w.Yks.* (15) Ir. I seen all this in the
twinkle of a bed-post, Yeats Flk-Tales (1888) no. (16) n.Lin.'
The ropes which knit together the harden cloth, between the
bed stocks which supports the mattress. (17) ib. (18) Nrf.'
Ess. G/. (1 851). (19) n.Yks.' {20) n.Lin.' [U.S.A. A'. (&■ Q. (1889)
7th S. viii. 236.] {zi)Zss. Monthly Mag. (1814) I. 498; Ess.l
Ken. An old bedsteadle and cord, Fluikley Poorhoiise Ace. (1793)
(P.M.) ; Ken.' Item in the best chamber, called the great chamber.
One fayer standing bedsteddle, one feather-bedd, one blanckett,
one covertleed, Botcler hwent. in Mfntonals of Eastry, 224. Sur.'
Sus. (J.L.A.), Sus.', Hmp.i (22) [a) Nhb.' A stick used to
straighten the bedclothes in the box-beds, which used to be
common in the country. (b) n.Lin.' Must I maake the shuts and
bring a bed-stick. (23) Sc.(] am. Su/>pl.) (24) Wil.' s. v. Waggon.
(25) n.Lin.' (s6) ib. (27) se.Wor.'
2. In phr. (i) to f;el out of bed backwards or on the wrong
side, to be irritable, ill-tempered ; in gen. use; (2) to get
bedderd, to go to bed ; ( 3) /o get into bed, to be brought to bed,
to get her bed of , to give birth to ; (4) to be put to bed with
a shovel, to be buried ; (5) bed-i-bo or bed-le-ham, bed-time,
go to bed.
(i) w.Yks.' Thou's gitten out at wrang side o' th' bed. n.Lin.'
Nhp.' You got out of bed backwards this morning. Nrf.(E.M.) (2)
Brks.' Lets get bedderd, an' zo be up in the marnin.' (3) Lth.
(Jam.) N.Cy.' Assa, wor wife's getten her bed, mun (s. v. Bairns).
Nlib.' Such a one has ' getten her bed ' is the universal term used
in speaking of a woman's being confined. Wm. Theear thy
mudd'r gat her bed o' the', theear she gat her bed o' the' 'at beear
the', Richardson Sng. Sol. (1859) viii. 5. w.Yks. Tom Todd
wife's gett'n inta bed. — What's shoo gett'n into bed on ? [what
has she borne, a boy or a girl !] (jE. B.). n.Lin.' She's just aboot
ready to get into bed agean, if her husband hes been e'Americaay
better then a twel'-munth. (41 n.Ir. An' she'll may be live happy,
in comfort. When I'm put to bed with a shovel, Ulster Jm. Arch.
(1858) VI. 46. Slang. Farmer. (5) War.3 Now, then, Bed-i-bo.
'Get to bed — now do go to Bed-le-ham,' that was my old granny's
phr., and a regular country saying.
3. A litter for animals.
Oxf. ' Give her a good bed, MS. add. Dev. His 'bed* — the
space he selects to lie in for the day — is usually on the most level
piece of ground he can find in the copse, Jefferies Red Deer
(1884) vi.
4. The foundation wood or body of a cart or wagon.
Chs.' The arms [of a cart] are the end of the axle or bed.
s.Chs.' n.Lin.' The piece of wood, which lies on the top of the
axle-tree of a cart or waggon for the soles to rest on. This is
also called 'packing.' Nhp.' se.Wor.' The body ; the wheels.
&c. , upon which it is borne being called the carriage. Hrf.'
w.Som.' The piece of wood bearing on the springs or axle of
a waggon upon which rests the body. [(K.)]
5. Cotup. Bed-piece, that part of the framework of a cart
into vvliich the arms of the axle are laid.
ne.Yks.', w.Som.'
6. The under-part of a plough. Also called slade.
Oxf. Not so much used as formerly when wooden ploughs were
in vogue ; then it was the word invariably used 1 J.E.). w.Som.'
The part which slides along the bottom and side of the furrow,
and has to endure the grinil and wear more than any part except
the share. It forms a kind of runner or wearing part, and is
bolted to the breast. In old wooden ploughs or Nanny-sulls it was
an iron plate nailed on to the breast. Called also, and very
commonly, the ' landsidc.'
7. The womb or uterus of an animal.
Chs.', e.An.' Nrf., Suf. Holloway.
8. A fleshy piece of beef cut from the upper part of the
leg and bottom of the belly. Also called Bed-piece.
w.Yks. (J.W.i, Chs.', Str'2 Lei.' The method of cutting up
the carcass which gives the 'bed' is, I am told, peculiar to the
niidl. and n. counties. Nhp.' War.2; War.3 The bed of beef is
a favourite joint at rustic festivities, such as Rent dinners. Vestry
dinners, &c. Shr.'s, e.An.' Nrf., Suf. Holloway. Hmp. The
silver-side is the outer cut, and the bed the inner iW.M.E.F.'l.
9. The under-side of the stratum in a rock ; a seam in
rock or clay ; also the base of a stone inserted in a wall
or foundation.
Nhb.' w.Yks.' Let it hev plenty o' bed. Chs.' In building with
Chs. sandstone it is advisable, if not absolutely necessary, to place
the stones on their natural bed, otherwise the surface is apt to
split and fall ofi". Architects stipulate in their specifications th.it
this shall be done. n.Lin.' There's no iron to speiik on e' th*
second bed. Nhp.', War. (J.R.W.) w.Som.' It is a condition in
most contracts for walling that the stones shall be 'well bedded in
good mortar and laid upon their own proper beds '—that the stones
shall be placed in the wall in the line of their stratification.
A good mason can tell which is the bed or under side of a stone,
from that which was uppermost while yet in the rock.
10. Comp. (i) Bed-joints, a natural fissure or line of
separation of the stone as it lies in the bed of rock ; (2)
-stone, the nether mill-stone.
(i) Wm.', ne.Lan.' (2) Wil. The nether mill-stone, the upper
being the ' runner,' Jefferies Gl. Estate (1880; 164, ed. 1881.
11. The divisions into which land is ploughed, as dis-
tinct from a ridge or furrow. War,^
12. An anthill. Nhp.*
13. A heap of hay.
Hrf, The clover ... is then turned, and placed successively in
rows, small cocks, beds, and large cocks, Marshall Review (1818)
II. 342.
BED, v} Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Chs. Lin. Nhp. War.
Brks. Suf Som.
1. To go to bed.
Sc, 'Is Helen bedded?' Andrew gave a glance at the bed
where the three girls were sleeping, Setoun Sunshine (1805 62 ;
Even Birse had twice or thrice to bed with me, Barrif, Minister
(1891) x ; I daurna let you in till I'm sure the mistress is bedded,
ib. xl. Gall. So we bedded without sound of singing or voice of
prayer, Crockett Moss-Hags ( 1895! iii. n.Lin.' When female
virtue beds with manly worth. We catch the rapture and we spread
it forth. Bell Inscript. Kirton-in-Holland.
2. To put to bed.
Abd. Kind was the lady, . . .And bedded me wi' her ain dother
braw, Ross Hclcnore 1768) 97. ed. 1812. Fif. Lie there. Dame
Puck, and bed thee well In the snug durance of thy penal dish,
Tennant Anster (1812) 146, ed. 1871 ; Ye bedded them early
the nicht, surely? — They've been awfu' dowie a' day, sae I put
them to bed after tea-time, Robertson Provost (1894) 78. Rnf.
Ye'U aye be at hame at e'en To wash and bed the weans, Barr
Poems 1 1 86 1 I 104.
Hence (i) Bedded, ppt. adj. bedridden; (2) Bedding,
vbl. sb. an old custom of putting the bride and bridegroom
to bed.
1,0 e.An.' Suf. He is bedded (F.H.). (a) Nhb., Dur. But feast
and fun and fuddled heeds. The stockin'-thrawin' and the bed-
din', Wilson Pitman's Pay (1843) 55.
3. To lodge.
w.Som.' Uur t4ok-n een tu baid-n boa'urd [she took him in to
lodge and board]. Nobody can't never 'vord to bed-n and board-n
vor dree shillins a week, a gurt hard bwoy like he.
BED
[216]
BEDERD
4. To lay litter for horses or cattle.
Sc. I lAnr.) Chs.i ' To bed th' beus ' is to give them fresh straw.
nXin.' Noo then, get them beas' bedded, it's omust neet. War.
CJ.R.W.)
Hence Bedding, vbl. sb. stable litter.
n.Yks. Give t'horses some beddin' (I.W.). Chs.' n.Lin.' We
miin thrcbh next weak or we sha'nt hev noa beddin' for th' herses.
War. !j.K.W.)
6. To lay a stone evenly in building ; to lie flat, close.
e.Yks. The wette strawe coucheth better and bcddes closer,
Best /^H>-. Econ. (1641) 144. n.Lin.' If them stoans isn't dresst
square they weant bed reight. Thoo mun watter that thaclc well,
or it weant bed to noa meanin'. Nhp.' Bed that stone well.
w.Som.i
6. Fig. To become adapted to, to fit comfortably.
n.Lin. New boots duzn't bed well to a body's feet, Liii. N. & Q.
(July, 1890).
[2. He beddide Saul in the solere, and he slepte,
Wyclif (1382) I Sam. ix. 25. (2) A circumstantial de-
scription of the wedding, bedding, and throwing the
stocking, Scott Nigel (1822) x.x.xvii.J
BED, v.^ ne.Lan.' [bed.] Past tense of to bid.
[Ho me hit bed (she offered it to me) wit-outen blyn.
Cursor M. (c. 1300) 881. OE. bead, pret. of beodan, to
olTcr.]
BEDABBER, v. Cor. Also in form bejabber Cor.'
To fade by keeping in the hands.
Hence Bedabbered, ppl. adj. faded.
Cor.' Your flowers arc bedabbered ; Cor.2 MS. add.
BEDAD, inl. Irel. An exclamation, a disguised oath.
Ir. Bedad, ye're taking care of yourself, anyhow, Paddiana
(1848) I. 54; Bedad, what Kit says is thrue, Trollope Land
ifrt^Kfrs (1885) 65; (G.IW.H.); (W.H.P.); Bedad, we'd the
whole of it settled an' planned. Barlow Bog-land (1892) 9, ed.
1893.
BEDAFF, V. n.Yks. [bida f. ] To confound or stupefy.
See Daff, sb.
n.Yks.^ It's a noise that be-daffs fooaks.
Hence Bedafted, />/>/. adj. bewildered.
n.Yks.2
[Beth nat bidaffed for your innocence, Chaucer C. T. e.
1191.]
BED AG, i^. Nhp.^ [bidse-g.] To bespatter with mois-
ture. See Dag, ik
1 1 bedagge, I araye a garment aboute the skyrtes with
my re, je crotte, Palsgr. (1530). Cp. Cotgr. : Crotle, be-
daggled.]
BED-ALE, sb. Som. Dev. Cor. [be'deal.] A feast
given in celebration of a birth ; the word is sometimes
erroneously applied to the liquor prepared at such a feast.
w.Cy. Grose 11790) Su/jfil. w.Som.' The liquor usually pre-
pared for these occasions is never bed-ale, but Groaning-drink.
n.Dev. Ye simmered upon wone tether up to Grace Vrogwill's
bed-ale, E.XDt. Ciishp. (1746) 1. 564 ; Joe, drinking bed-ale wort
next day. Rock Jim an Nell (1867) st. 103. Cor.'^
BEDANGED, int. e.Yks. Som. [bida qd, bidae-gd.]
An expletive of determination or dismay.
e.Yks.' Be-dang'd! if Ah decant gan ! Be-dang'd ! that's
waast news of all ! w.Som.' Bcedang-d eef aay due ! [bcdangd
if I do!]
BEDDED, f>p/. adj. Lin. Of growing corn, &c. : matted
and tangled by climbing weeds.
n.Lin.' sw.Lin. The barley's gotten that bedded you can't
get the reaper through it ' (R.l'-.C.j.
BEDDER, .s7).' Obs. ? Lan. An upholsterer.
Lan. Peggk yhind. (1803) 276, cd. 1844.
\Bcddcr, upholsterer; see O.xford City Rec. (1554), ed.
Turner, 218; In primis vj baycs of the bedders con-
teynyng in lenght' xxix yerdes, Null. Rec. (1516) ed.
Stevenson, 111. 349.]
BEDDERING, />;A Chs.' Bellowing.
BEDDIE, sb. Sc. [be di.]
1. A small bed.
n Sc. Come, ma bonnie doo. an a'll pit ye t'yer ain beddie
(W.G.). ne.Sc. I took him up an' cairrit liim into the closet
beddie. Grant C/iron. Kfcklf/on, 97.
2. CoiHp. Beddy-ba", a cradle, child's cot.
n.Sc. Come awa', ma davvtic, ye'r jist dcad-gane wi' sleep, an'
a'll put ye t'yer bonnie beddie-ba' (W.G.). Per. (G.W.) Lth.
Sae cosy in yer beddy-ba', Crawin' to yer mammy, S.mith Mtrry
Bridal ( 1866) 50.
\Bed+-ie (-.!').]
BEDDINER, sb. Obs.} Der. An upholsterer, one
that sells bedding.
Der. Pegge Aiieid. (1803) 276, ed. 1844 ; Der.'
[Bedding + -er, a suft". often occurring in words denoting
trade or occupation, e. g. draper, carpenter, grocer.]
BEDDY, <7(/>'.' Nhb. Dur. Cor. [bedi.] Of stone: in
soft layers ; liable to split.
Nhb.' ' Beddy freestone ' is thus distinguished from a compact,
granular deposit. Nlib., Dur. Yellow freestone, mild, beddy.
Borings (1878) I. 8. Cor. He may discover that the piece of
granite's beddy, Baring-Gould /?. Cable (i88g) 316; Cor. ^ A piece
of granite, which has natural cleavages in it, is ' beddy.' The word
only means liable to split when the liability arises from this
particular cause.
BEDDY, nn>'.2 Sc. Irel. [bedi.]
1. Greedy, covetous of trifles.
Sc. Breeding wives are aye beddie, Kelly Coll. Prov. (1721)
148; Grose (,1790) MS. add. (C.) N.I.' You're very beddy.
UIs. A menial servant who would reject food served up a second
time, on the ground that it was not considered good enough for
him, would be considered very beddy, N. & Q. (1874) 5th S. ii.
98 ; A bed-rid or sick person is sometimes seized with an earnest
longing for particular kinds of food ; so that any person with such
longing lesp. in relation to food) is beddy or sick-like, Uhter Jrn.
Arch. (1859) VII. 175.
2. Conceited, self-sufficient, saucy, forward.
Sc. If my puppies ance were ready, '1 hey'll be baith clever, keen
and beddy, Watson Coll. {1706) I. 70 (Jam.). UIs. N. & Q.
(1874) 5th S. i. 245 ; (M.B.-S ) ; Ulster Jrn. Arch. (1858) VI. 282.
BEDE, int. Obsol. n.Lin.' An exclamation to horses ;
go to the right.
BEDE, see Bead.
BEDEAD, adj. Cor. Written bedded Cor.^ [baded.]
Dull, heavy, in low spirits, worn out.
Cor. 2 MS. add.; Cor.^ I've had such a walk, I'm regular bedead
[killed].
[A contam. oC bedeaded w. lit. E. dead. Bedeaded (not
much used), made dead. Ash (1795)-]
BEDEET, V. Lan. Chs. [badit] To dirty or foul.
Chs.^ It is an ill bird that bedeets its own nest.
Hence Bedeet, ppl. adj. dirtied, covered with dirt.
Lan. I fun mysel' asleep next morn graidly bedeet in th' dyk o'
th'old garth, Tuornber Af/jy S/oHi'(,l845) 31, ed. 1886. ne.Lan.',
Ch^.'2, s.Chs.'
[Be- + dcet, vb. (to dirty), q.v.]
BEDE-HOUSE, see Beadhouse.
BEDENE, adv. Obs. Sc. Nhb. Also written bedeen
Sc. ; bidene Nhb. [bidin.] Immediately, forthwith,
quickly. Often used in poetry as a rime word, or to fill
up the line, as a mere expletive.
Sc. She spoke to him, she sang to him ; Sae fey he grew bedeen,
Jamieson Po/>. Ballads (1806) 230; And then returned hame
bedeen, Ramsay Tea-Table Misc. 1,1724) II. 216, cd. 1871 ; Grose
(1790) MS. add. [C.) Abd. They're clapped up into their hole
bedeen, Ross Helenore (1768) 56, ed. 1812 ; Nae wishy-washies,
lad, lat's hear bedeen ; Ye've news I'm sear, Smirrefs Poems
(1790)31. Fir Horses in haste were order't now. And whips and
spurs bedien, Tennant Papistry (1827) 59. Rnf. Ye'll baith come
ovvre on Friday bedeen, Tannahill Poems (1807) 258. Lnk.
Then wad he gar his butler bring bedeen The nappy bottle ben,
Ramsay Gentle Sliep. (1725) 44, cd. 1783 ; Did gang to drink bedeen,
ib. Poems (1721) 17. Dmf. Fowk stoitcr'd frae a' airths bedeen,
Mayne Siller Gun (1808) 70. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.)
Nhb. They're ridden after them bidene, DixoN Sngs. Peas. (1846)
123, ed. 1857.
[With lordes, and with knightes kene, And ojier doghty
men bydene, Minot Brabant (c. 1352) B. 53, in Spec.
E. E. II ; Outsend ]>i gaste and made \<ai sal bene, And
new saltou \>e face of erthe bidene, Ps. (c. 1290) ciii. 30, ed.
Surtces Soc]
BEDERD, int. Stf. [Not known to our correspondents.]
An expletive, a slight oath.
Str.= It is also used personally, ' I'll be dcrd,' in the same sense.
Bidjrd if je san dou it wcil oi'm livin.
BEDERUP
[217]
BEDLIER
BEDERUP, see Bedrip.
BEDEVILED, ppl. adj. Evil disposed.
n.Yks. Fairly common (R.H.H. ( ; (T.S. > ; n.Yks.'
BEDFAST, adj. Sc. Irel. Nlib. Cum. Win. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Stf. Not. Lin. Lei. War. [bedfast.] Confined to one's
bed by illness, either temporary or permanent ; bedridden.
Sc. He saw his wife's motlicr bedfast, Henderson Si. Mall.
(i86a) viii. 14. Ant. Ballymeiia Obs. (1892); Grose (1790) MS.
add. i^Cl Nhb.i Cum., Wm. (M.P.) Yks. My old woman is
bedfast, Gaskell S)'/tia 1863 ii. n.Yks."^ ne.Yks.' Slia's been
bedfast sen Tho'sda. e.Yks. To his great surprise he saw his uncle,
who had long been ' bed-fast ' in the room above, seated in his
former place by the 'neukin,' Henderson /"/*-Lo« (1879)!; e.Yks.i
MS. add. (,T.H.) w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Siifipl. (Aug. 22, 1891) ;
w.Yks.23 Lan. Poor owd craiter ! Hoo's bin bedfast a good while,
Waugh Cliiiiin. Comer (1874) 219, ed. 1879. e.Lan.', Clis.' 3,
s.Clis.' Stf.' ; Stf.^ HCi's bin bedfast fiir mony a wlk, bur hei's on
th' turn naa. Not. My mester's been bedfast since last Goose-
Fair L.C.M.). s.Not. He wor ill, but not so as he wor bedfast,
Nol. Guardian (tiov. 21, 18951; I'J.P.K.) n.Lin.' He couldn't cum,
he'd been bedfast iver sin' Lammas. sw.Lin.' He's been bedfast
these six days. The doctor goes to them as are bedfast. She was
bedfast weeks last back-end. Lei.', War. ( J-R.W."), War.^
[Cp. LG. beMe/asf, bedridden (Berghaus); MDu.
beddevast, confined to bed (Verdam). Bed+/ast, as in
sleadfasl, shamefast.]
BED-FURZE, 56. Hmp. Thcdwarf furze, i//fA-«a«MS.
Hmp. Wise Nezv ForesI (1883) 280; Hmp.'
BEDGIN, see Bedgown.
BEDGOWN, sb. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Oxf
Brks. Also written bedgin s.Chs.' ; bed-goon Nhb.'
Cum.^ ; beggown Oxf
1. A nightdress.
Oxf.' Beg-gyuuwn. Brks.'
2. A short, loose-fitting jacket, worn by women when
working.
Nhb. She wore the working costume of her district— the short,
dark winsey petticoat, worsted stockings, and brass-buckled clogs ;
the print bedgown, with frills about the waist, elbows, and throat,
Tynedale Sliidies (i8g6j Ruined ; She wore a short jacket of
pink print (called a bedgown in those parts\ Clare Love Lass
(18901 I. 51 ; On the Ropery banks Jenny was sitting — She had
on a bed-gown just new, Robson Sngs. of Tyne (1849) 137 ; The
women [in Keeldar] had no other dress than a bedgown and petti-
coat, Scott Diary (at Alnwick, Oct. 7, 1827'! in Lockhart's Li/e,
Ixxiv ; Nhb.' Cum. Mey bed-gow'n dark he oft meade wheyte,
Anderson Ballads ii8o8) 80, ed. 1840; Aw t'women fwok hed
bedgoons lang Wi' tails 'at to their knees hung doon, Richardson
Talk (1876) and S. 58 ; Cum in an catcht her wid her bcdgcon
sleeves rowlt up under her oxtei^s, Sargisson Joe Scoap (,1881)
68. Cum.': Cum.^ Yan o them skipjacks o' fellows 'at ye see
weearin a Ifd jacket like a lass's bed-goon, 10. Cum., Wm. A
jacket of coloured print worn by country girls, confined at the
waist by an apron string, over a black petticoat, was light and
easy for work in warm weather. A longer bedgown was worn
by elderly women at an earlier period in the century, while printed
cottons were dear (M.P.). w.Yks. Without anything on her head,
in her short bedgown and wooden clogs, Howitt Riir. Eng.
(1838) I. 3J0. Lan. A tall gaunt old woman, wearing a print bed-
gown, a red petticoat, WtsTALLiSiVt/i Dene (18891 1.271 ; Old Betty
in her red bed-gown, standing near the blazing fire, ib. 277. Chs.'
The general working dress of farm women servants, and indeed of
farmers' wives and daughters when at their work, some thirty or
forty years ago. It is out of fashion now, and ahnost obs. The
bedgown was never used to sleep in, as its name might seem to
imply; Chs.^ It is a short gown open in front, tied at the waist,
intact an upper jacket to the striped linsey petticoat, ^ni. red and
black, or blue black, and worn everywhere except in bed. s.Clis.'
This dress is now almost obs.
BED-HOUSE, see Beadhouse.
B'EDIGHT, ppl. adj. Obsol. n.Yks. Sus. Also in form
tedighted Sus. Bedecked, arrayed.
n.Yks. Only used by very old natives indeed. She were all be-
dight with fluwers (R.H H.) ; A gaily dres.sed girl would be said
to be 'bcdight' (G.W.W.) ; n.Yks.2 Sus. A footy lither lass be-
dighted up in a chess [shawl], Jackson Soullnvard Ho (1894) I.
200; (R.H.C.).
[All the ground, with pretious dcaw bedight, Spenser
F. O. III. vi. 43; His llayrc pcrkcs were . . . lotlilych
VOL. I.
bydyght. Sir Degrevanl (c. 1430) 144. The form bediglilfd
occurs in Milto.n: Whose outward garment hatfi bin
injur'd and ill bedightcd, Apol. Since/. (1642I in li'ks.
(1851) 269 (N.K.D.). Be- -h dig/i/ Ho prepare), q.v.]
BEDIZEN. V. Yks. Der. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] To dirty, to cover with dirt, &c.
w.Yks. He wor soa bediscned with soft cake, Hartley Ptiddin'
(1876 51. Der^, nw.Der.'
BEDLAM, si.' and adj. w.Yks. Glo. Oxf. Brks.
[bedlam.]
1. sb. A troublesome person or animal.
Oxf. David Loveday, . . . names his dog • Naintcr,' because it is
troublesome as a sheep dog. . . . He explained it meant a ' rcg'lar
Bedlam,' FlkLore Jrn. (1884 II. 188.
2. A great noise or disturbance.
Glo. Don't raise such a bedlam. You are making a regular
bedlam fS.S.B.X Onl.^ MS. add. B.ks. M.J.B.)
3. adj. Wild, ill-behaved ; mad.
Glo. Go steady now, don't be so bedlam (S.S.B.\ Brks. Ahl
th.e chiUlren now sims so bedlam (A.C. V
4. Coiiip. (i) Bedlam-hole, a mad-house; (2) -spit, the
interior and liver of a pig roasted.
( I) w.Yks. It's war ner bcin' in a Bedlam holl, Prov. in Briglioiise
lYeus Sept. 14, 1889). (2) n.Cy. Bedlam-spit, a harslet, Grose
(1790 Siip/'l. w.Yks. f/l/.\: H'ds. ; w.Yks.^ Bedlam or Bedlam-spit.
[1. Bedlam, a madman, a lunatic, Asii (1795I ; A bed-
lam (mad body ),iiia>iiaais,/ii>ibiiiidiis, Coles 11679!; Some
said they were ... Bedlams, Bunvan P.P. (1678) 123;
Villain ajfanie demy enrage, a hungrj' boor is half a
bedlam, Cotgr. 3. Anacreon, Horace, play'd . . . This
Bedlam part, Cowper Table-Talk (1788) 609.]
BEDLAM, 5A.2 w.Yks. War. [bedlam.] A boy's
game, resembling ' Prisoners' base.' Also called Relievo.
w.Yks.^ A square is chalked out . . . called the den ; some of the
bojs remain by it, one of whom is called the ' tenter'; the tenter
has charge of the den, and he must aKvays stand with one foot in
the den and the other on the road ; the remaining boys go out to
field. . . . They shout ' Relievo,' and upon this signal the boys stand-
ing by the side of the den pursue them. . . . Sometimes the cry
is ■ Dclievo' not ' Relievo.'. . . Sometimes the tenter instead of
standing with one foot in the den stands as far from the prisoner
as the prisoner can spit. ... If when a prisoner is caught, he Cries
out ' Kings,' or ' Kings to rest.' he is allowed to escape. The game
is a very rough one. War.* One party have a start, and. when
the leader cries 'Bedlam,' the other party follow, and attempt to
make prisoners. . . . Shouldone of the captive's friends dash through
the den unchecked, crying, ' Release Bedlam,' the captive may
make ofi" again. Should the would-be releaser be caught in the
attempt, he and his comrade must remain in the den. 1 he game
goes on until all are caught, and then the other party take their
• outing.'
BEDLAM CCWSLIP, sb. (i) Thepaigle, prob. Primula
elatior (Nhp.) ; (2) lungwort, Pulmonaria officinalis (Oxf).
See Jerusalem Cowslip.
(i ) Nhp.' The paigle, or larger kind of cowslip. Bedlam cow-
slips and cuckoos With frcck'd lip and hooked nose. Growing safe
near the hazle of thicket and woods, Clare Poems i&Ti) i8g.
[Langham [Garden of Heallli, 1597) calls the /'//////OHrtnVi
officinalis Cowslips of Bedlam, B. & IL 31. The naine
Bedlam refers to the town of Bethlehem in Judca. Wi|)in
[e toun of bethleem (v.r. bedlem), Cursor At. 11561.]
BEDLAMER, sb. Nhb. Nfid.
1. Obs. A Bedlam-beggar, a half-cured lunatic, licensed
to beg on the highway.
Nlib. This country was then much troubled with Bcdiamers,
North Life Guilford (ed. 1742) 139.
2. A term of contempt applied to boys and young men.
[Nfld. Applied contemptuously to young fellows between 16
and 20, whom we would call hobbledehoys. A policeman may
testify, ' 1 here were a lot of bedlamers standing at the corner, and
the accused was one of them,' &c. (G.P.j]
[Bedlam, sb.'-f-fr]
BEDLIER, sb. s.Wor. Som. Dev. Cor. [be'dlai3(r).]
A bedridden person.
s.Wor. ; U.K. ns-Wor." Som. W. & J. G/. (1B73 . w.Som.' An
old woman in the almshouse at Wellington said to me of an old
man who had broken his thigh : ' He on't never walk no more ;
he'll be a bcdlier so long's he do live.' In Dev. they say ' bedlayer.
F f
BEDMAN
[218]
BEDSTOCKS
Dev. Wh3% ole Jack Maunder broked 'is leg in dree places, and
I knaw he'th abin a bediier niest upon vorty year, Hewett Peas.
Sp. (1892); The Lord, He'll preserve me from being a bed-l3-er,
that He will, O'Neill IdvUs (1892) 11. nv/.Dev.l, s.Dev. (G.E.D.)
Cor. She's bin a bed-lier for more'n ten year iM.A.C).
[Bed + Her, der. of lie, vb. Cp. M HG. bette-liger, one who
lies in bed, a sick person (Lexer)]
BEDMAN, sb. Obsol. Soni. Cor. Sexton. See
Bedral.
Sora. Paid for a shovel for the Bedman, Chwardcns' Ace. (1702)
Hervey Wediiiore Chion. (18871 I- Cor.'^
[The same word as ME. bedeiiiau, a beadsman, an alms-
man. Cp. the mgs. of ^;(f;?n//(yin Fr. : G«(';;a;(rt', a bagger ;
also digger of graves (Cotgr.).]
BEDOLE, V. Dev. Cor. Used only in forms (i) Be-
doled.///, nr^'. stupefied with pain or grief; (2) Bedding,
ppl. adj. in cviiip. Bedoling-pain, a dull, continuous pain.
(li Dev.^ Cor. Bedoled wcth the rheumatiz, J. Trenoodle
Spec. Dial. (1846) 17 ; MonlMy Mag. (1808) II. 422 ; Grose (1790
MS. add. (C); Cor.'* (2) w.Cor. 'I have got a most bedoling
pain in my teeth and chacks [cheeks] all round to my nuddeck '
[nape of neck]. Said by a Cornish woman suffering from neuralgia
(,M.A.C.). Cor.i
\Be- + </o/f (ME. dollcn). Dullyn or make dulle yn wytte,
hebcio, Prompt. ; Dollyd as wync or ale, vapidiis, Calh.
Angl. (1483).]
^YJiOUE,, ppl. ad;. Der. Outwitted.
Der.*, nw.Der.'
[Be- + done, pp. of do, vb. ; cp. the colloq. use of ' done '
in the sense of ' outwitted.']
BEDOUT, prefi. and conj. Yks. Also in forms bedoot,
beoot ne.Yks.' [badut.] Without, unless.
n.Yks. Quite commonly used, but I have never heard it in the
East Riding iM.C.F.M.). ne.Yks.' Ali'll gan yam bedoot tha.
[A contam. of ze'///;o;(/ through the influence of be- (pre-
fix). Cp. OE. bfilan (without) = ic- + /7/'(j;/ ]
BEDRAL, sb. Sc. Also in forms bederal, bedrd,
betheral, bedlar. [be dral, be Sral.] An inferior church
officer in Scotland, often combining those of clerk, beadle,
sexton, gravcdigger, bellringer. See Bedman.
Sc. I wad put in auld Elspeth. the bcdral's widow — the like o'
them's used wi' graves and ghaists, and thae things, Scott Giiy
M. (1815J Iv ; I wad gar the bedral eat the bell-rope if he took ony
s\c hetAom,ib. Midlothian (1818) xlvii ; They're very particular in
heating the stoves in ours [our kirk] ; and that's why I never grudge
to give the bederal a half-crown. Whitehead Dafl Davie (1876!
199, cd. 1894 ; For instance, if a bedlar see His tools wi rust
encrusted be, A. Scott Poems '1808) 24. Per. Sell a' thing else
tae pay the wriciit an' bedrel, Ian Maclaren Eiier Bush (1895 1 296;
An' of the bedral auld, wi' mukle courtcsie, I spcer'd what it might
mean, Nicoll Poems (1837 1 226, ed. 1843. Ayr. Her father was
the parish beadle (or betheral, as that dignitary is called in
Scotland^, Galt Sir A. IVylie (1822') xcv ; Old Thomas Pull, the
betheral, went to nng the bell for public worship, ib. Provost ( 18221
I. xxiv. Edb. And the bethrel sleeping with the key in his breek
pouches, MoiR Maiisie JFaiich (1828) 50. Gall. The auld betheral
there winna gang ablow three fit deep, Crockett Simbomicl
(iSgs-i vi.
BEDREEDE, /•//. adj. s.Ircl. Sus. Also in form
bethered Sus.' Bedridden, confined to bed.
Wxf.' Sus.' Poor creature ! She was bethered three years
before she died.
[Bedrede up-on a couche lowc he lay, Chaucer C. T.d.
1769; A bedrede womman, P. Plowman (b.) xiii. 448.
OE. bed-reda, bed-rida.]
BEDREL. sb. Sc. Irel. Also in forms bedell ([am.
Siippi.) ; bedrill, betherell N.I.' [be'dral.] A bedridden
person, a helpless cripple.
Sc. (Jam, Siippl.) ■ GuosE ('1790) MS. add. (C.) Fit. Robie
Brown and David Strachan i^For they were bedrals ba th , Tennant
Papistry (1827) 49. N.I.'
[His fader . . . quhilk as beddrell lay Befcr hvs 5et,
Douglas Eiteados (1513), ed. 1874, iv. 123. Bed+-nl
(-erel), as in cockerel, monqrel, pickerel.]
BEDREL, see Bedral.
BEDRIP, sb. Irel. Also written bederup Wxf"
[bedrip.] A band of harvesters ; any crowd.
Wxf. An' sent a bedrip ov men that night to the hilltops to get
the materials, Shayttyock {Apr. i, 1893) 451 ; An' a great bedrip ov
lords an' ladies, ib. (Mar. 17, 18931 425 ; In common use (P.J.M.) ;
Wxf.' The Bederepe was a service of tenants in the reaping of
their lord's corn, for so many boondaj's ; and the words might have
been applied at first to the vassal reapers, and latterly to free ones.
[This word was orig. a law term : Bederepe alias
Bidrepe is a service that some tenants were anciently
bound to, that is to repe their Landlords corn in harvest —
Debeiit venire in Aniitmpno ad precariam quae vacatur a le
Bederepe, Placita 10 Hen. Ill, rot. 8, Blount (1670) ; cp.
Kennett Gloss. (1816). OE. bed-rip, the reaping of corn on
request, Schmid A.S. Laivs, 376. See Bead, v.\
BEDRITE, V. Sc. Nhb. [badrait.] To befoul with
ordure, to bedirt.
Sc. ' God's will be done ; but D — 1 bedrite the spee-man' [spae-
man] — spoken when people predict ill things, Kelly Coll. Prov.
(1721) 125 (Jam.).
Hence Bedritten, ///. adj.
Sc. (Jam.), N.Cy.', Nlib.'
[Be- + drite (vb.), q.v.]
BEDS, sb. pi. Sc. Nhb. A children's game. Also
called Hop-scotch, q.v.
Sc. A game of children denominated from the form ; sometimes
called Squares by strangers. In Abd. the spaces marked out are
sometimes circular (Jam.). Lth. The ' lassies games ' were skipping
on the 'jumpin' rope,' the 'House Ba',' the ' pickies ' (or the
' beds,' or the ' Pall all'), played with a flat stone on the pavement,
SrRATHESK Blinkbomiy ( 1885') 33. N.Cy.' A game of children, in
whicli they hop on one foot through diflcrent spaces chalked out,
called beds. Nhb.' Gcit. called ' hitchej'dabber.'
BEDSTOCK(S, sb. Sc. Nhb. Dun Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Lin. Bedstead, the wooden framework of the bed.
Sc. The strong bar or frame of wood forming the front of a
bed (Jam. SiippL). Fif. Frae her bed she loup, Puir body, ow'r
the bed stock cowpit, Tennant Papistry (1827) 49. Drnb. 'Fhere's
naething to gar us bide a minit after we come owre the bedstock
in the mornin', Cross Disruption (1844) vi. Nlib.' An' i' the
twinklen of an e'e. Was fairly owerthe bedstock bangin', Wilson
Pitinan's Pay (1843) 24. Dur.' Wm. Adultery robs us, eigh,
within our varra bedstocks, Hutton Bran New IVark { 1785 1. 302 ;
I lig now upon the vara bed stocks as he and his missus ligged
on, Rawnsley Remit:. IVordsworth (1884) VI. i8r. n.Yks.' He
'ad getten his legs ower t'bedstocks, but he cou'd nowther gan
ner stand ; n.Yks.= ne.Yks.', e.Yks.', m.Yks.' w.Yks. T'first
start off, t'bed-stockswer tade down an turpintined, Tom Treddle-
hoyle Bait'ttsla Ann. (i86i) 30; A pare a bedstocks for Tom
Thum to lay on, ib. Ben Bunt v 1838) 17 ; w.Yks.*^^ Lan. If some
neet one coom an' shaket thy bedstocks, Brierley Irkdale (1865)
142, ed. 1868. m.Lan.' Yo' dorn'd see mony o' th' good owd soort
o' bedstocks neaw-a-days, becos four-pooasters wi' a cornish
doesn'd match th' carpet. Chs. 'I'h' bed-stocks we lay on wurner
worth eighteen-pence, Yates Oivd Peter, iv ; Chs.' n.Lin.' I'he
wooden frame of a bed, sometimes also the bed-posts.
[Bedds, bedstocks, Lan.&r' Ch. Wills (1586) in Chetham
Soc. (1884) 142 ; A bedstoke, sponda,fiiltrum, Cath.Angl.
(1483)-]
BEDSTOCKS, sb. Nhb. w.Yks. A boys' game ; also
called ' Bed-o,' ' Prisoners' base.' See Bedlam, sb.'^
Nhb.' In this game sides are formed, and the lads on one side
give chase to those on the other. When a capture is made the
pursuer spits over the head of his prey, the captive is put into a
marked-off place, and the capturer places his foot on a spot about
two yards off. Here the captive shouts lustily to his side,
'Relieve a marrow !' Aseacli is brought in, his capturer takes the
place of the lad on guard, and one can hold several captives. But
if one of the side that is being chased can manage to run through
between the guard and his captives, the whole of his side are
' relieved ,' and they run off. This is the game known elsewhere as
' Prisoners' Base.' w.Yks.^ One side or company hides separately
within certain pre-arranged limits, when, at a certain signal, the other
side commences cautiously the tracking of them. When one of the
hiding number is discovered, ' I spy [such an one] ! ' (naming him)
is shouted out, when the whole of the tracking party run back to
their station and spit on the wall. If this is not done the discovered
one can take him to the place from whence he started, and claim
to be ridden upon his back down to the station or place of ren-
dezvous, and the number of rides are ' counts,' so many making
up the game. The ' spied' ones, and others who have not been
espied, but who think it a good opportunity, rush out of their place
BED-TIE
[219]
BEE
of concealment iinmcdiatclj', and if they are fortunate enough to
lay hold of one before the goal is reached and can retain their hold
till their ' nomony ' is said (which consists in repeating the figures,
' two, four, six, eight, ten,' and spitting over the head of the
captured) the ride is claimed in due course. If no rides are ob-
tained ultimately, the winning side goes in again and have their
' seccy outing.' It is a game only resorted to during the winter
evenings when the darkness favours their movements.
BED-TIE, sb. Soni. Dev. Cor. Also written bed-tye
Dev. Cor.''^ [bed-tai.] A feather bed ; the ticking or
case enclosing tlie leathers of the bed. See Tie, sb.
(a case).
w.Som.' Dhai vacwn dhu wauch u-puut een'suyd dhu bai'd tuy
[they found the watch put inside the ticking of the bed], Dev.
Yu can't use barley-dowst vur bedties. 'cuz tha iles wid urn intu
'e, Hew ETi Peas. Sp. (1892) ; Ellis Proiuiitc. V. 164; Some [of
her money] may very likely be sewed into her ' bed tye,' O'Neill
Idylls (1892) 82. n.Dev. A bedtye, loo, vor Nell, Rock Jim an
Nell (1867 I St. 69. Cor.' Often called a feather tye ; Cjt.^
BEDWEN, sb. Wm. Cor. Also written bedewen.
The birch, Bctula alba. [Wei. hediveii, cp. Bret, besvcii.']
BED^WINE, sb. Also in form bedwind War." Glo.i
Wil.' [bedwain,bedwaind.1 (i) Wild clematis, travel-
ler's joy. Clematis vitalba (Brks. Hmp. I.W. Wil. Dor.);
(2) a wild convolvulus, C. arvensis or C. sepiimi (War. GIo.
Hmp.).
(i ) Brks.i, Htnp.' I.W. Bed-wine or bed vine (C.J.V.) ; I.W.',
Wil.', Dor.' (s'j War. 2, Glo.', Hmp.'
BEE, sb.'^ Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
I. The honey bee.
1. Coinp. (i) Bee-ale, a kind of mead made from the
refuse of honey ; (2) -bench, a stand for bee-hives ; (3)
•bike, a wild bee's nest ; see Bike ; (4) -bink, see -bench ;
(5) -brass, money earned from the sale of honey ; (6)
-bread, a mixture of pollen and honey, the food of the
insect in its larva state ; in gat. use ; (7) -butt, a bee-hive;
(8) -drove, a crowd or ' swarm ' of men or animals; (9)
-hackle, the straw covering of a hive ; see Hackle ; (10)
•hake, see -hackle; (11) -headit, hare-brained, flighty;
(12) -hole, see below; (13) -hoppet, (14) -lippen, a bee-
hive ; (15) -liquor, mead made from the washings of the
combs; cf bee-ale; (16) -peitch, {17) -pot, (18) -scap,
•skep, -skip, a bee-hive ; (19) -sucken, of a tree : having
the bark pierced with holes and freq. exuding a gunmiy
substance ; (20) -'s-wisp, a wild bee's nest ; also a tangled
mass.
(i) n.Sc. (Jam.) (2) Chs.' It is so called even when built of
stone or brick. (3) Per. Nae apples he pu'cd now, nae bee-bikes
he smoored, Nicoll Poems (1837) 95, ed. 1843. N.Cy.', Nhb.',
Dur. (K.), n.Yks.'" (4) Cum.' (5) n.Yks." Tile country-woman's
money, perhaps a perquisite, from the sale of her honey. I bought
it wi' my bee-brass. (6) Sc. (Jam.), w.Yks.', n.Lin.', Nhp.',
Wor. (J.W.P.) e.An.i A brownish opaque substance, with which
some of the cells in a honeycomb are filled. Hnt. (T.P.F.), w.Som.'
(7) Som. Straw bee-bulls be the best, Jlnnings Dial. w.Eiig.
(1869) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; Below the window stood a row of
bee-butts, Raymond Love and Quiet Life (1894) 91. -w.Som.' The
common straw hive. Dev. Yes Tor is seen across the Ockment
Valley, together with the 'bee-butt' of High Willhays, Page
Explor. Drtmr. (1889) vi ; He ordered up a fine bee-butt for the
bees, O'Neill Idylls (1892) 41. n.Dev. Tha bee-bults be all bare.
Rock Jim an' Kelt (1867) st. 5; Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.)
nw.Dev.' Cor. Grose (,1790) AfS. add. (C.) ; Monthly Mag.
(i8o8) II. 422; Cor.'2 (8; e.An.i (9) Eur.' Hmp. Heath
Eng. Peas. (1893 1 138; A cap of straw placed over ' bee-pots' to
protect them from wet, Wise New Forest (1883') 184; Hmp.'
WU. Slow Gl. (1892) ; Wil.' (10) Hmp.' (11) Sc. Ye necdna
mind him, he's a bee-headed bodie (Jam.). (12) nw.Dev.' Bee-
hole, a dome-shaped niche made in cob walls for the reception
of a bee-butt. (13) m.Yks.' -w.Yks. Like a yung lass a sixteen,
■wi a shinon as big nearly az a bee-hoppit, Tom Treddlehoyle
BaintslaAmi. {lQ^2) so; -w.Yks.^ (14) War. I J.R.W.) Som.
Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825); W. & J. Gl. (1873). n.Dev.
Git zum stroyl out o' tha shippcn. And carr et down to tha bee-
lippen, Rock Jim an' Nell (1867) St. 5. (15^1 Ken. Obs. (P.M.) ;
Ken.'2 (16) -w.Yks. Threw a bee-peitch in an' then let t'sash
drop, Yksman. (1878) 73. (17) Sus.' Hmp. Heath Eng. Peas.
( tegs') 138 ; Hmp.' Wil.' Lore ta zee zom on'ms hair, Like girt
bee pots a hanging there, Slow Poems (,i88i) 43. Dor. An' when
the zwarm were seafc an" sound In mother's bit o' bee-pot ground,
Barnes Poems (cd. 1879) -70. (iS- Sc. I was just like a demented
man; my head was buzzing like a bee scap, and I could hear
nothing but the bir of that weariful woman's tongue, Steam-boat
I 1822 83 (Jam). Edb. As if all the bee-skcps on the banks of the
Ksk had been pent up within my head, Moir Mansie H'atieh
(18281221. N.Cy.2, Nhb.' Wm. A girt round thing ... on her
head, like a bee skep, GinsoN Leg. (1877166. n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.'
At the funeral of a country bee owner, the bees must have a portion
of everything given to them pertaining to the funeral repast,
otherwise they will die! This practice is continued; and the
outsides of the hives are seen hung in mourning with crape for
their deceased possessor. ne.Yks.' In rare use. Beehive of
rushes or straw. e.Yks.', m.Yks.' n Lin. He hedn't noa nead to
be scarr'd o' nowt, if he kep' awaay fra bea-skeps. Peacock Tales
and Rhymes (1886) 79. n.Lln.' Once at Kirton Sessions a woman
was tried for stealin'a bec-skep full of beas. ' He's set th' bca-skep
in a buzz ' — that is, he has .stirred up arger or raked up scandal.
Nhp.', War.2, s.War.', Wor. (J.W.P.^ s.Cy. Kennett Par.
Anliq, I 1695). Sur.' Sus. K." ; Eus.' A beehive, or the straw
hackle placed over the hive to protect it. There is a superstition
in the county, that if a piece of black crape is not put round the
hive after a death in the family the bees will die. Dev.^ Cor.
Three straw bee skips under the eastern wall, 'Q.' T/i tee S /lips
{s8go) iv ; Cor.'" (i9~i Yks. Poetry Pioi'in: in Cornh. Mag. (1865)
XII. 39. n.Yks.' 2 ne.Yks.' In rare use. Applied lo a tree, shown
by the exudation of gummy substance from the bark to be diseased.
The substance is said to be like honey. e.Yks. Applied to the
ash, when its bark is cancerous, black, and turgid, Marshall
/?((>-. Eeon. (ed. 1796) ; (W.W.S."i (20 Ant. The nest of the wild
bee that builds in grass i\elds, Ballymena Ols. (189a ; (J.S.) Tyr.
In this locality it does not at the present time denote a bees' nest.
' I saw Sally at the door this morning with her hair like a beeswisp '
vD.AS.).
2. Phr. fi) Bees and /loney, riming slang for money;
(2) bees, bees, bring your lioney, see below; (3) as big as a
bee's knee, trifling, insignificant; (4) as Im.iy as bees in
a basin, busy with trifling matters ; (5I a bee-in-l/ie-bonnef,
a foolish person ; (6) to have a bee in one's bonnet or head,
to be eccentric or flighty; in gen. use; (7) lo have one's
head in the bees, to be confused, stupefied with drink, &c. ;
(8) to lei I, ivah-e the bees, see below.
(1) Lon. One kind of back ."^lang consists of creating a sentence,
the last word of which will rhyme with the word that it is intended
should be spoken. For instance . . . ' Bees and honey' . . . for
' money,' Answers (Sept. 10, 1892) 376. (21 War.* ' Bees '. bees I
bring your honey.' Aboys'game. A gicenhorn is elected' queen
bee,' and is told to cry the title of the game as a formula, when
the other players have gathered honey. Each player usually fills
his mouth with water, which he discharges on the unfoitunate
'queen bee,' when the formula is spoken. i3)Stf., War.. Wor.,
Glo. NoRTiiALL/"«--P/>r. (1894 1. Wor. (J.W.P.) [A'. <&' O. 1 1896)
8th S. X. 260.] (4lLei. TooNE (1834^ ,5) SIk. Madcaps, hare-
brains, bee-in-the-bonncts, scap-goats. &c., Chr. North Noeles
(cd. 1856) HI. 175. 161 Sc. Maybe ye think the puir lassie has
a bee in her bonnet, Scott Ronan \ 1824I xvii. w.Yks.'' Dev.^
Bee in-th'-'ead. CoUoq. Supposed to be a peculiarly Scottish
phrase, because Scotsmen wear 'bonnets,' and Englishmen do not,
Barrere & Leland; Farmer. (71 Sc. Gilchrist, whase head was
i' the bees, Drummond .Mnekomaehy (1846) 7; This word had a
sedative effect, but the Bailie's head, as he expressed himself, was
still 'in the bees,' Scott /f'ni'o/ry (1814I l.wi. Abd. His head's
been i' the bees since four o'clock, Beatties Parings (1813) 40,
ed. 1873 ; Wha's fau't was it j-our head was i' the bees! Siiirrefs
Poems (1790) 40. (8) Nhb.' It is never considered lucky to be
the sole owner of bees. A man and a woman, not man and
wife, should be partners. If either should die, some one should
go at midnight, tap e.ich hive three times, and desire the bees
to work for their new master or mistress, .is the case may be,
Trans. Tvneside Naliir. Fid. Chtb 1 i86o-6a V. 91. Der. A*. O* Q.
(1851) ist S. iv. 309. n.Lin. If the bees were not told [of a
death] they would leave their hives, and never return. Some people
give them a piece of the funeral cake ; I don't think that it is
absolutely necessary, but certainly it is better to tell them of the
death, ib. 270. Lei.' A death in the family should alw.iys be
officially notified to the bees, perhaps in a whisper, who will resent
the slight cast upon them as members of the household by the
non-performance of the ceremony by forsaking the hive or dying.
War.^ The custom is still observed, but it must be in a.whispcr,
lo avoid giving olfcncc to the bees. Slir. The bees are told the
F f 2
BEE
[220]
BEEF
news, and often put into mourning: the rooks are warned, Burne
/■/*-Z,ore (1883I 299; The proper time for the communication is
either just before the funeral leaves the house, or else at the
moment when it is starting. [On the Welsh border they say]
it must be done in the middle of the night. [The phrases used
are] 'A.B. is dead, and they're carrying him out' (Church
Stretton); ' The master is dead ' (Clun) ; ' Your friend's gone '^
(Wenlock) ; ' The poor maister's dead, but j-o mun work fur me '
{Mcole Braced. In n.Shr. it is very common [at a funeral] . . .
to ' heave up ' the hives, i. e. lift them a few inches from the
stand and set them down again, ib. 235-6. Oxf. Three taps are
made on the hives with the house-key, while the informant repeats :
'Bees, bees,bees, your master is dead, and you must work for ,'
naming the future owner. A piece of black crape is then fastened
to the hive. ... On weddings the bees always expect to be
informed of the auspicious event, and to have their hive decorated
with a wedding favour, A'. If Q. 1 1851 1 ist S. iv. 309. Bck. It is
common, on the death of any one of the family, for the nurse to
go to all the bee-hives in the garden, and tap gently three tirnes,
each time repeating three times these words,' Little brownie, little
brownie, your master's dead ' ; when the bees, beginning to hum,
show their consent to remain, (6. Sur., Sus., I.W., Wil. li. Dor. It
was the universal custom to wake the bees by tapping at their
hives whenever a death occurred in the household, under the belief
that if this were not done the bees themselves would pine away and
perish during the ensuing year. As soon as an interior buzzing
responded to her tap at the first hive, Mrs. Hall went on to the
second, and thus passed down the row, Hakdy Wess. Tales
(1888) II. 46. w.Som. A man, whose wife had very recently died,
came and asked me to buy two hives of bees from him. Well
knowing the old superstition, I suggested that the man wished
to sell the bees at once, lest they should die. Au! noa'u zr ! aay-v
u-toa*ld um oa'ut. Aay wai'n daewn pun mSc nee'z, ecns dhai
kaa-id ur aewt, un aay wiis-purd ut tiie um : zoa yiie noa kizh-un
tu bee u-feeurd baewd um zr [oh ! no, sir, I've told them of it.
I went down on my knees, whilst they were carrying her out, and
I whispered it to them ; so you've no occasion to be afeard about
them, sir], Elworthy Giaiii. (1877) 100; w.Som.i The belief is
almost universal, that should a death occur in the house to which
the bees belong, each butt ought ' to be told of it,' otherwise they
will all die. It is considered very unlucky if in swarming the
bees alight on a dead tree ; it portends that there will be a death
in the family soon. Var. dial. In Suf., inquiring of a cottager who
had lately lost a relative . . . she replied ' Oh, yes ; when my aunt
died I told every skep myself, and put them into mourning.' The
same superstition exists in Dev. Glo. Yks. and Cor., Brand Pop.
Antiq. (ed. 1849) 301.
3. In pi. whims, fancies. Cf. to have a bee in one's
head, &c.
Sc. Why dost thou pleen ? I thee maintain. For meal and mawt
thou disna want ; But thy wild bees I canna please, Ramsay Tea-
Table Misc. I. 116, ed. 1871; Herd Sitgs. (1776) Gl. Abd. I'll gie
the match a heeze, And try to cure ahld Helen o' the bees,
Shirrefs Poems (1790) 77.
II. A fly ; a wasp.
Lin. Woa then, wiltha ! dangtha! — the bees is as fell as owt,
Tennyson A^. Fanner, Netv Style (1870) st. 10 ; Lin.^ n.Lin.^
Certain kinds of large flies not unlike bees. e.Lin. Not necessarily
a large fly. I have heard 'I've gotten a bee in my e3'e.' The
bee in the usual lit. E. sense is always the ' honey bee ' (G.G.W.).
Rut.l
[3. Quhat bern be thou in bed, with heid full of beis,
Douglas Eiteaclos (1513) ed. 1874, in. 146.]
BEE, s6.^ Sc. Irel. Yks. A metal ring or ferrule. Also
in camp. Bee-band.
Dmf. A hoop or ring of metal, put round the handle of anything,
into which a tine or prong is inserted, to prevent its twisting
asunder (Ja.m.). Ant. Used to keep a stick from splitting (W.H.P.).
w.Yks.' Bee-band, a hoop of iron which encircles the hole in the
beam of a plough, where the coulter is fixed.
[A bee with a grete pearl, Paston Lett. (1487) III. 464 ;
A bee, armilla, brachiale, Cath. Aitffl. (1483); And putte
aboute his necke a goldun beeje, Wyclif (1382) Gen. xii.
42. OE. bea/t, cp. ON. baiigr, a ring.]
BEEAF, see Bifif.
BEEAK, see Beak.
BEEALD, see Bield.
BEEAS, see Beast, Boose.
BEEASMILK, see Beest.
BEEAT, z;. w.Yks. [best] Past tense of A/7«.
w.Yks. T'lile midgies they beeatseea we hardly cud bide, Lucas
Stud. Kidderdalc (c. 1882).
BEEAT, see Beat.
BEE-BAW, sb. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der.
Lin. Also in forms -baa Dur.' ; -bee n.Yks.' w.Yks.'
n.Lin.'; -boe ne.Lan.' ; -by w.Yks.^; -bo Lan.' e.Lan.'
Chs.' nw.Der.'
1. A lullaby. See Bye-bye.
Nlib. Aw was norsin' wee Fan at the breest An' chormin'
some bee-a-baw sang, Robson Evangeline (1870) 338. Dur.'
Cum. The old nursery rhyme, used in conjunction with rocking
motion. Be-bo, babby low, on a tree-top. Bebo, bunting! Daddy's
gone a hunting, &c (M.P.) ; Mary Cairn to Wulson bairn Was
singan ' Bee-bo-buntin,' Lonsdale Upshot (i8ii\ w.Yks. Hlf.\.
IVds; w.Yks.' n.Lan.' Be-bo-buntin', daddy's gone a huntin'. To
catch a rabbit for its skin. To lap his bonny lile babby in. Lin.
Streatfeild Lin. and Danes (1884) 316.
2. A child's name for sleep, in phr. to go to bce-bo.
Cum. (M.P.) n.Yks.' A word in continual use among such as
have charge of very 3'oung children, and applied when the latter
are apparently sleepy, or when it is time for them to be put to
sleep. ' Baby go bee-bee now '; or, ' Poor baby wants to go bee-
bee.' w.Yks.^ Now go to bce-by. Lan,' Come, thae mun goo to
be-bo neaw ; it's lung past thi toime. ne.Lan.' Chs.' Come, go
bee-bo, there's a good little wench. nw.Der,', n.Lin.'
3. A child's cradle.
e.Lan.'
BEE BAW, V. Nhb. Written -baa Nhb.' To lull to
sleep ; to sing a lullaby.
Nhb. The wind bee-bawd, aw whish'd me squeels, Robson Sngs.
of Tyne {iHji<)) 2; Nhb.'
BEE-BIRD, sb. Nhb. e.An. Sur. Hmp. Wil. Som. Dev.
Name applied to several birds: (i) Acrednla rosra, long-
tailed titmouse ; (2) Mtisicapa grisola, spotted flycatcher ;
(3) Panis caemleiis, blue titmouse ; (4) Pariis major, great
titmouse ; (5) Phylloscoptis troc/ii/iis, willow warbler ; (6)
Silvia cinerea, whitethroat.
(i) Sur.i Also called Sack-baker. (2") Nhb.' Nrf. (A.G.) ;
Swainson Birds { 1885) 49. WiL It is also called the Bee bird from
its partiality for that insect, as I have often seen to my vexation
when morning after morning the little marauder would take his
stand on a wire fence near my bee houses and fly off to seize
a luckless bee on its approach laden with honey. Smith Birds
(1887)125. w.Som.' [FoRSTERS!ra//ow(i8i7) 75.] (3) Hmp. It
is supposed to stand at the entrance of the hives and destroy the
bees as they come out, Swainson ib. 34. (4) e.An.' (5) Swainson
ib. 27. (6) Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; N. & Q. (1877) 5th S. viii.
358. w.Som.' Dev. Swainson ib. 23.
BEE-BREAD, sb. (i) Borago officinalis, borage (Dev.) ;
(2) Trifoliwn pratense, meadow trefoil (Ken.).
(i) Dev. Reports Ptovinc. (1884) 11. (a) Ken. [Bee-bread is] a
misnomer, as the hive bee cannot reach the honey, the flowers
being fertilized only by the humble bee.
BEECE, see Beast.
BEECHEN, adj. Sc. Hmp. Som. Dev. Consisting of
beech, or made of beechwood.
Sc. They had pillaged my mither's auld house sae, that beechen
bickers . . . were whiles the best at our board, Scott Nigel {1822) v.
Hmp. Before our beechen woods were so much destroyed we had
myriads of pigeons. White 5f/io»'Hf (1773") i6r,ed. 1851. w.Som.'
Lau't u biich-n plangk [lot of beech plank]. Dev. A beechen tree,
N. & Q. (1869) 4th S. iii. 159.
[This fals chanoun . . . Out of his jaosom took a bechen
cole, Chaucer C. T. g. 1160. OE. becen, 'faginus.']
BEECH-MEATS, sb. pi. Glo.' Beech-mast.
BEED, see Bood.
BEEDY, see Biddy.
BEEF, sb. Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs.Not.Lei. Nhp. War. Won
Shr. Dor. Cant. Also written bif Shr.' ; biff Lei.' [bif,
bif.]
1. An ox or cow intended for slaughter.
Shr.' They kill a beef at Clun only once in three months. A
butcher explained as a reason that the inhabitants of Clun were ' a
very oukit sort of folk' who would probably not bviy the meat if
provided for them at their own doors, though they would willingly
' send for it all the way from Bishop's Castle.'
BEEFER
[221]
BEENE
2. A fibrous carbonate of lime, with a texture resembling
fossil wood.
Dor. The Purbeck Beds contain fibrous carbonate of lime, termed
'beef in the Isle of Purbeck and 'horseflesh' in the Isle of
Portland, Woodward Geol. Eng. and Wat. 18761 205; Known to
the quarrjmcn as 'beef,' 'horseflesh,' 'bacon,' &c., Damon Gcol.
Weymotilli ,1864) 106.
3. Riming slang for 'stop thief! '
Cant. 1 hey whiddle beef and we must brush [They cry out
thieves : and we must be ofT], Life D. M. Carew 1791) ! Farmer.
4. Coitip. (i) Beef-balks, a shelf or beam for storing
beef; (2) -ball, a beef-dumpling; (3) -trewis, beef-broth ;
(4) -case, a ladder-shaped frame, hung horizontally under
the ceiling near the fire, on which beet was placed to dry ;
(5) -eater, see below; (6) -head, a blockhead, fool; (7)
•heart, a cow's heart ready for cooking ; (8) -steak rock,
(9) -tree, see below.
(i) n.Yks.= (2^ Lan.' (s.v. Bo ) (3) Sc. When they sup beef
brewis, Scott Abbot {1820) xiv. (4) w.Yks. When beef was
killed it was hung to dry on a frame called the beef-case, Lucas
Slud. Nidderdah (c. 1882) 25. (5) w.Yks.2 1 am told that there
were formerly twelve persons associated in some way with the
Cullers' Company at ShefTield, but not members of the company,
who were called beefeaters. (6) Lei.', War.^ (7) Lei.', Nlip.',
■War.3, Wor. (J.W.P.) (8) Chs.' Beef-steak rock, salt-mining term.
A fine, red-coloured rock salt, similar in its grain to sugar-candy.
(9) Not.' Beef-tree, a stick used by butchers for hanging up the
carcase of a beast, the notched ends being passed through the hock
tendons. Also called a cambrel.
5. Phr. (i) Bee/ a>i(i greens, a variety o^ primrose, Pi iiiitila
vulgaris; (2) lo like veal belter than beef, see below.
(i) Yks. A variety of Pniiiu/a vulgaris, having a red and green
calyx, B. & H. (2) Slir.' ' 'E made a great mistake — liked vail
[veal] better nor bif,' was said of one who married the niece instead
of the aunt.
[I. A beef, bos. Coles (1679) ; Bceiif, an oxe, a beef,
CoTGR. ; A pound of man's flesh ... is not so estimable
... As flesh of muttons, beefs, or goats, Shaks. M. Ven. i.
iii. 168.]
BEEFER, sh. Nhp. Bdf. Familiar name for a calf; a
cow or bullock fed for the butcher.
Nhp. I mean to make a becfer of him (P.G.D.") ; Nbp.^ Bdf.
Batchelor Anal. Eitg. Lang. (18091.
BEEFING, sb. "Suf. A steer or bullock reared for
slaughter.
Suf. Hall ^; (F.H.)
[All the velys, lambes, beefins, Paslon Lcll. (i4<36) II.
269.]
BEE-FLOWER, sb. (i) Cheiraiillms Cheiri, common
wallflower (Lin.); (2) Opiirys api/era, bee orchis (Ken.
I.W. Wil.) ; (3) Scabiosa sitccisa (Hmp.) ; (4) any flower
cultivated for the sake of its honey.
(I) n.Lin.i (2) Wil.i (3) Hmp. (W.M.E.F.) (4) Wil.l Bee-
flowers are those purposely grown near an apiary, as sources of
honey (s.v. Bees).
BEEF'S TONGUE, sb. Pem. The hart's-tongue fern,
Scolopcitdriidit viilgare.
s.Pem. (W.M.M.";
BEEK, sb. Sc. [bik.] That which communicates
heat ; the act of basking in the sun or by the fire.
Sc. Life's just a wee bit sinny beek, That bright, and brighter
waxes,PicKENPof/ns(i788)88(jAM.). Lnk. Gland, by his morning
ingle taks a beek, Ramsay Gentle Shep. (1725) V. ii.
BEEK, V. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Also written
beak Sc. N.Cy.' Nhb.' w.Yks.' Grose, Holloway ; beik
Sc. [bik.]
1. To warm before the fire ; to make warm.
Abd. As guid a pint-ale's man as 'ere beaked his fit at the cout-
chack o' a browster wife's ingle, Forbes Jrn. (1742) 13. Ayr.
Made many a one beek his shins in comfort that would otherwise
have had but a cold coal to blow at, Galt Annals (1821) vi. Lnk.
Then fling on coals, and ripe the ribs, And beek the house baith
but and ben, Ramsay Poems (ed. 1800) I. 205 (Jam.). Gall. At
my ain ingle cheek My spawls I could beek. Harper Bards
(1889)207. n.Cy. Bo(-</c;-G/. (Co//. L.L.B.); N.Cy.i, Nhb.' Cum.
An' snoozlan' an' beek'an my shins, Gilpin Ballads (1874) 199.
Wm.' She sat beeakin hersel afoor t'fire.
2. To heat wood or sticks at the fire, in order to make
them more pliable for basket-making, &c.
n.Cy. Grose (1790^ ; Formerly done in shipyards to make the
planks pliant to bend to the ships' sides, Hollowav; N.Cy.',
Cum.' w.Yks. II urroN Toitr to Caves {I'jBi}.
3. Coiiip. Beak-sticks.
Nhb.' A triangular frame of wood or iron, resembling a small
easel, with a prop at the back, for holding girdle cakes in front ol
the fire to finish the baking, or sometimes to warm an old cake.
4. To bask in the sun or warmth of a fire. Also /ig.
See Bake, v.^
Sc. (Jam. ; Grose 'I79o^ MS. add. (C.) ; And saw his wife
baith dry and clean. Set beikand by a fyre fu' bauld. Herd Siigs.
17761 II. 126. Abd. To woo his winsome Jean, An' beik his love
in her bright glancin' een, Gttidnian (1873 33. Arg. I was bcak-
ing in the sun on the braes, Mi;nro Lost Pibroch T 1896.1 99. Ayr.
She has been becking in the lown o' the conquest which the gude-
man had gathered for his family, Galt Provost (1822) i. Lnk.
Her cheek, where roses free from stain. In glows of youdith
beek. Ramsay ms. (ed. 1800) I. 117 (Jam.) ; She an her cat sit
becking in her yard, ib. Gentle Shep. 1725 II. ii. SIk. Like
twa serpents . . . growin aye mair and mair venomous, as ye
begin to bask and beck in the hearth-heat, CiiR. North Noltes
(ed. 1856) II. 56. Rxb. The wanderers could beak by the kitchen
ha' ingle-side, Riddell Poet. IVks. (ed. 1871; I. 37. w.Yks.'
5. To bathe (?).
Rxb. Jam.1 [Not known to our correspondents.]
6. Of the sun : to shine brightly.
Sc. We can say, either that one beeks in the sun, or that the sun
becks on him. "The sin's beekan verahet (Jam.) ; Glowan fracthe
lift a' roun", The bet sin rays are beakan, P;cken Poems (17881 55
(16.). Edb. The beams of God's own sun beaking on him, Moir
Mansie U'auch (1828: 6.
[L We strike at nycht, and on the dry strandis Did
bawm and beik our bodies, feit, and handis, Douglas
Eneados (15131, ed. 1874, 11. 151 ; Ane yngliss man, that
lay bekand Hym by a fyre, Barbour Bruce (1375) xix. 552.
2. A good husbande hath his forkes and rakes made redj'e
in the wynter before . . . and beyked . . . and than they
wyll be harde styffe and drye, Fitzherbert Huso.
(1534) 33. 4. That knyght es nothing to set by That leve
sal his chevalry. And ligges bekeand in his bed, When
he haves a lady wed, Ywaiiie (c. 1400) 1457 (Matz.ner).]
BEEK, see Beak.
BEEL, see Bail, sb.\ Bill.
BEELD, V. Irel. Nhb. Also written build N.Cy.'
[bild.] To swell, gather, suppurate.
N.Cy.' Nhb.* When a swelling or gathering occurs, the part is
said to beeld.
Hence (i) Beelt, />/>/. adj. swollen ; (2) Bealdin, Bealin,
vbl. sb. matter from a sore.
ii) Nhb.' A built or beelt hand is s.iid to be hove [raised].
(2) N.I.'
[A pron. of Beal, v.]
BEELD, see Bield, Bild.
BEELE, 5A. Cor. [bll.] A mining tool for digging.
Cor.^ Sharp at both ends and holed in the middle for the handle.
[Beele in mining . . . called by the tinmen in Cornwall
a tubber. . . . The miners who dig up the ore are from the
use of this instrument called bcele-men, Philosoph. Trans.
(1671) No. 69, 2104, Chambers Cyclop. (1788).]
BEEN, sb. pi. Irel. Chs. [bin.] Bees.
Wxf. ' A heeve o' been an' dwanty shilleen [a hive of bees and
twenty shillings], 102. Chs.'^^
[They murmureden as dooth a swarm of been, Chaucer
C. T. F. 203 ; Thei cumpassiden me as been, Wyclif
1388) Ps. cxvii. 12 ; Hij encumpassed me as ben, E. E.
'^s. (c. 1330) cxvii. II (E.E.T.S. No. 97). OE. bean, bees.]
BEEN(E, see Bene, Boon.
BEENE, V. Sc. Of a tub : to swell by steeping in
water. See Beam, v.
n.Sc. (Jam.) Bnff. In common use. The queed [tubl's bc-
ginnin t'gizzen ; tack it an pit it in'o the burn t'beene't W.G.).
[Perh. a pron. of ME. boliteii, to swell: Pride that
heghis and bolnes thaim as wynd dos, Hampole Ps. i. 5
(c. 1330). Dan. bolner, to swell (commonly used of wood
which has been steeped in water), also written bu/iier; Sw.
i!|
BEE-NETTLE
[222]
BEESTINGS
biihin, ON. bolgiia. For pron. cp. the Bnffs. and Abd.
pron. niccii for tiiooit.^
BEE-NETTLE, sb. (i) Gakopsis versicolor (Chs.) ; (2)
Lauiium albuui, white dead-nettle (Not. Lin. Lei.) ; (3) L.
galcobdolon, yellow dead-nettle (Chs. Not.) ; (4) L. piirpu-
'reiim (Not. Lin.).
(,1) Chs.i (2) Not. (J.P.K.) sw.Lin.' So called because their
flowers are much resorted to by Bumble-bees. (3) Chs.^, Not.
(J.P.K.'i (4 Not. 'J-P-K.">, sw.Lin.'
BEENGE, see Binge.
BEENIE, sb. Not.' [bl'ni.] A common cross-bred
pigeon.
BEEOS, see Beast.
BEE-PLANT, sb. Dev. Borago officinalis. See Bee-
bread.
Dev. This is the bee-plant ; you will always see bees about it,
Reports Provitu. (1884) 11.
BEER, sb} Sc. Yks. Not. Lin. Hrf. Brks. Sus. Som.
Slang, [bialr).]
1. Strong malt liquor, superior to ale, q.v.
Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Ettg. (1825). w.Som.^ Brewed
with the first mashing of the malt. Ale is usually sold in the
public-houses at half the price of beer.
Hence (i) Beerified, adj. tipsy; (2) Beery, adj. half-
drunk.
(I) w.Yks. Hlf.x. Wds. ; Banks Wkfld. Wds. (1865). (si n.Lin.»,
Brks.' Sus. Prisoner was not drunk. We have a local phrase
here, ' Was he beery? ' Stis. Dy. Ncu<s (Dec. 5, 1888) 3.
2. Coijip. (i) Beer-boy, a drunkard; (2) -brussen, corpu-
lent from drinking ; (3) -mell, a beer-mallet ; see Mali ;
(4) -ship, a public-house; (5) -swab, a drunkard.
(i) s.Not. He's a reg'lar beer-boy ; it's drink, drink, drink, wi'
him, as long as the money ho'ds out (J.P.K.). (2) n.Yks.^
(3) Ayr. She has a nieve like a beer-mell, Galt Entail (1823) xxv.
(4) n.Yks. The convivial beer-ship might not be furnished with
minstrels for guests, Atkinson Whitby (1894) 27. (5) n.Yks. ^
3. Phr. (i) to be on the beer, to be half-drunk, to be on a
drinking bout; (2) small beer, a. trifling, insignificant thing ;
(3) to think no small beer of oneself, to have a high opinion
of oneself.
(i) Hrf.^ (2) Brks.' That zarment zimmed to I vurry small beer.
(3") Slang. Farmer.
BEER, sb?- Yks. Chs. Som. Dev. Also written bear,
bere w.Yks.^ [bia(r).] Weaving term : the number of
ends or threads (usually forty) into which a warp is
divided ; the bunches of the warp. Also in comp. Beer-
chains. See Porter.
w.Yks. In woollen weaving 40 threads or ends ; a 12-beer warp
would have twelve times 40 threads in a foot, or just 40 threads
to the inch. Porty or portieth was the older term (D.L.) ; w.Yks.^
In cotton weaving 38 threads form a bere. Chs.' w.Som.' In
weaving, the width of a piece of cloth is determined not only by
the fineness of the reeds or sleigh, but by the number of beer of
40 threads each in the warp. Hence warps are known as 20, 30,
40 beer-chains, and thus the latter would be a warp containing
40 X 40 = 1600 threads. Used throughout the j«j. counties. Dev.
Have you sent those twenty eight beer-chains? Reports Provinc.
(1882) 9.
[iJ^^'r (among weavers) is nineteen ends of yarn running
all together out of the trough, all the length of the cloth,
Bailey (1721). Lit. a framework for carrying (cp. lit. E.
bier). OE. beer, a portable bed, a bier.]
BEER, see Bear, Birr.
BEERAN, sb. Sc. A small trout.
lav. In common use (H.E.F.).
BEERGOOD,5A. Obsol. e.An. Also in forms bargood
e.An.'Nrf.'; bergard e.An.'^ ; bulgud Suf. ; burgad Nrf '
Suf ' Yeast. See Gosgood.
e.An. Grose (1790) ; (K.) ; Gos-good is also called beer-good,
Ray f 1691) Pref. ; e.An.' Yeast, the flower or cream of it ; e.An.''
w.Nrf. He sould bergoods an' pinpanches, Orton Bceston Ghost
(1884) 8. Nrfi, Suf. (F.H.), Suf.'
[Ray (in Pref. 1691) understands this word as a comp.,
beer+c;nod.^
BEERIN , ppl. adj. Or.L Querulous, discontented.
Or.I. Well known. Used almost always in combination with
'eerin.' She was always beerin an' ccrin (H.M.E.). S. & Ork.'
[ME. beren, to cry : Beerynge as a beorewhelp. Leg.
Holy Rood (c. 1400), ed. Morris, 140; The peple beryt lyk
wyld bestis, Wallace (c. 1470) vii. 457 (Matzner). Cp.
ME. bere, noise; OE. gebdre, behaviour, noise; OFris.
bi:re, noise (Richthofenj.]
BEERNESS, s6. ? 06s. N.Cy.* A cellar or other place
where beer is kept. [Not known to our conespondents.]
BEES(E, see Beast.
BEESEN, see Bisson.
BEESNINS, see Beestings.
BEESS, see Beast.
BEEST, sb. Sc. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. GIo. Also
Ken. Sur. Som. Also in forms base w.Som.' ; beast
Cum. w.Yks.^ Chs.' s.Chs.' Ken.' ; beeost Lan. ; teist Sc.
(Jam.) ; biest Sc. ; bis- Ken.'^; bish Sur.'
1. The milk which a cow gives for the first few days
after calving. Freq. used atirib. as in beest milk. See
Beesting(s.
Sc. (Jam.) Abd. The head o't was as yallow as biest milk,
Forbes Jrn. (1742) 14. Cum. (E.W.P.) Yks. Mrs. Thwaite
brought in soom beast milk ; they'd a cow cauven. I'd joost got
my bread mixed w'en the beast came (F.P.T.). w.Yks. Hutton
7"o<(r/o Coots (1781); Banks Wkjld. Wds. (.1865); Cudworth
Hoi-ton (1886); w.Yks.' It is a custom for a farmer to make
a present of beest to his poor neighbours when a cow calves ;
w.Yks.^5 Lan. Haw\'e a peawn o' treacle t'sewasn a beest
pudding wi', Tim Bobbin View Dial. (1740) 24 ; A part ov a beest
custart, ScHOLES Tim Gamwattie (1857) 28 ; Lan.' e.Lan.'
m.Lan.' Custards med o' beest. Chs. (K.) ; Chs.' Beast milk is
highly valued for making puddings, &c. , and is frequently sent by
farmers' wives as a present to friends who do not keep cows.
In country towns those who sell milk often send beast milk to
their customers as a present. — Beast-milk pudding, or beast
pudding, is a custard pudding, made by baking beast milk, which
solidifies without the addition of eggs. The dish is generally first
lined with pastry. Occasionally they are made in the form of
raised pies. The milk is sweetened and flavoured with nutmeg
or pudding spice. A very favourite dish. — Beast-milk porridge, or,
more generally, beast porridge, is beast milk heated over the fire
in a saucepan until it thickens. It must not be allowed actually
to boil, and must be stirred the whole time to prevent it solidifying.
It is sweetened and flavoured with nutmeg, and is very palatable.
It is always spoken of in the plural, as, ' They're very good.'
s.Chs.' Der. Grose (1790), nw.Der.', Glo. Gl. (1851). Ken.'
Beasts, the first two or three meals of milk after a cow has calved.
Known also as Biskins, Bismilk, Poad-milk. w.Som.' The bae-us,
bee'us, bae'us miilk, or beeus miilk is never used for dairy
purposes, but generally given to pigs. The word is used as
often without ' mulk ' as with it. ' I've a stroked her down, for to
take off the base.'
Hence Beesty, adj. having the qualities of beest.
Chs.' Milk is said to be beasty as long as it retains any of the
peculiar characteristics of beast milk, which coagulates with heat.
Beasty milk gives an intensely yellow colour to butter, and
a peculiar sweetish flavour to cheese ; accordingly it is not used
for either purpose at first. The custom is not to put beasty milk
into the cream-steen till after the third meal, nor into the cheese-
tub till after the fifth meal ; and that is often a little too soon,
cheese being spoiled by using it. s.Chs.'
2. Comp. (1) Beist-cheese, see below ; (2) -milk, a cow's
first milk after calving ; (3) -pudding, see below.
(i) Rnf. Beist-cheese, the first milk boiled to a thick consistence
(Jam.). (2) Sc. (Jam.), ne.Lan.', Ken.'2, Sur.' (3) w.Yks. Beest
pudding is a boiled batter pudding with beest in place of ordinary
milk (H.L.); (S.P.U.)
[Beest, the first milk that comes from the teat, after the
birth of any thing, Blount (1670) ; so Cotgr. (s.v. Beton,
Colostre). OE. beost, 'obestrum,' Ep. Gloss. (Sweet O. E. T.
80). Cp. MHG. biest (Lexer), Swiss dials, briest (Tobler,
s.v. Bieslbrota). — Calleboute, curded or beesty, as the milk
of a woman that's newly delivered, Cotgr.]
BEEST, V. Chs. Written beast. To obtain 'beest'
from a cow.
Chs.' To beast a cow is to milk her for the first time after
calving. s.Chs.'
BEESTING(S, sb. Usually in //. Sc. Irel. and in gen.
use in n. and midl. counties ; also e.An. Ken. Wil. Som.
Dev. Cor. Amor. Also with change of suff. beaslings
BEESTINGS
[223!
BEET
ni.Yks.'; beastings n.Yks.^ w.Yks." Clis.'" n.Lin.' Lei.'
Nhp.i Glo. ; beastlings Ircl. N.Cy.' n.Yks.' ne.Yks.'
w.Yks. Not.' n.Lin ' c An.'- ; beastlins Nlib.' ; beeslings
N.I ' \v.Yks.= ; beestlingis w.Yks.' SU.' sw.Liii.' ; beest-
lins I)ur.'; beestning w.Yks.'; beesnins Kiit.'; beezlins
c.An.' Nil".' Sut.' ; bcisten N Cj.' ; beistyn Sc. ; beslings
n.Lin.' Cmb.' ; bestins Ken.^ ; be-iistins Brks.' ; bislins
e.Yks.'; bisnings Nlip.'= \Var.= s.War.' lint.; biskins
Ken.'°; bisslings n.Yks.' e.Yks.; bizning Hdt. ; hoistings
Sit. War.= s.Wor.' ; boistinsGlo ' Wil.' ; boistlingsWar. ;
boystins Oxf.'; bwoistin Slir.' ; bwystings se.Wor.' ;
bystinigs Stf.' Shr.' Also in shortened forms bisky-
w.Soni.' ; bizzy- nw.Dcv.'; bussy- Cor.'"; buzzy- Dcv. Cor.''
1. The thick, rich milk whicli a cow gives when newly
calved. Also used atinb. Sec Beest.
Gall. Bcesnan is at times made into pancakes, called Becsnan pan-
cakes, and also into Beesnan scones. The word i.s ms^cn. use i W. G. \
N.I.' The milk got from a cow at the three first milkings after
she has calved. Ant. The milk wiien boiled coap:iilate3, and makes
beesnin cheese, Ballymena Obs. (1892). Wxf. When she calves,
be sure to bring me the beestings, Kennedy Evenings Duffrcv
(1868)165. s.Wxf. (P.J.M.) S.Don. Simmons G/. (1890). N.Cy."'
Nhb. tW.G.) ; Nhb.' A ' beastlin puddin ' is considered a delicacy.
Dur.' Cum. Boil'd fluiks; tatey hash ; bcastin puddin, Anderson
Ballads (1805) Codlieck ll'dfiiiu ; (J.Ar. 1 Wm.' n.Yks. Good
beddin, Tibb, will mack it bat^tin weel ; Now I will milk some
beestlings into th' skcel, Meriton Praise Ale (1684) 1. 27-8;
n.Yks.' The usual custom is to portion the beastlings out among
such of his neighbours as the owner of the cow wishes to shew
a little kindly attention to. But. in the great majority of cases,
the jug or other vessel containing the present is scrupulously
returned unwashed. Not a few persons in this district send with
the present a special direction that the containing \'essel be not
washed out, as otherwise, besides the general reason ' it is
unlucky,' the particular unluck of the newlyborn calf's death
would be sure to befall : n.Yks."3 ne.Yks.' Bceaslin' puddin'.
e.Yks. Marshall /f»r. £fOH. (1788 1 ; e.Yks.', m.Yks.' w.Yks.
Dyer Dial. (1891) 77; iS.P.U.); "Willan List IFds. (181 0;
w.Yks. '2": w.Yks.5 A 'beesling' pudding is held in high esti
mation. "When a cow has calven, the milkman gives notice to his
customers, who send vessels and are served with a due proportion
gratis. Lan. Gaskell Z-frfH/fs ( 1854J 17 ; Grose (1790I ; Lan.'
It's as thick as beestins. Chs.'^s s.Stf. I'innock Bit. Cy. Ann.
(1895"). Stf.'; Stf." The farmers frequently send a ' can o' beestins'
as a gift to their customers or friends. Der.'", nw.Der.' Not.
Mrs. 1). has got some nice beestings (L.C.M.) ; (J.H.B.) s.Not.
(J.P.K.), Not.'^ n.Lin.' Puddings are commonly made of it ; and
it is the custom to send small quantities of it to the neighbours as
presents. It is very unlucky not to distribute gifts of beastlings.
or to wash out the vessels in which they have been sent. sw.Lln.'
You can't mak' custards without eggs, leastw.iys without you've
some beestlings; if you've beestlings, mcbbc you can. The cauf
got the fust sup of beestlings itsen. Rut.' Lei.' The ' fust ' and
'second ' beastings are the first and second milk from a cow after
calving. Nhp.'", War. (J.R."W.), War."^ s.War.' Also called
Cherry-curds. ne.Wor. It is considered unlucky to wash out the
jug or can in which beastings have been sent from the farmer or
milkman (J.W.P.). w.Wor.', se.Wor.' Shr.' Beestings is of
a peculiar richness, and has the property of thickening when
cooked, as ordinary milk does with the addition of eggs. Mtg. It
is the custom in this county to give it to the cow to drink
(E.R.M.). Glo. Grose (1790, .il/S.nrfrf. (H.); (A.B.); G/. (1850 ;
Morton C)Wo. ^^JiV. (1863, ; Glo.' Oxf.' The first meal of milk
after the cow has calved is not used for food. Ihe second and
third meals are used for puddings, known as Cluirry curds. Brks.'
Bdf. Batchelor yJiia/. Eng. Lang. (1809^; (J.W.B.) Hnt. (T.P.F.)
e.An.'" Cmb.' Go for some old milk, and ask when they expect to
have some beslings. Nrf.' Beezlins is milk of the third or fourth
milking after calving. The first milking is called beestings, or
beastlings. Suf. RAiNniRD Agric. (1819) 288, ed. 1849; Suf.'
The milk of the first meal or milking is reckoned not fit for use ;
the milk of the third or fourth meal is particularly sweet and
thick, and is deemed strengthening by rustics. Ken. (P.M.) ;
Ken.' ; Ken." Biskins, bestins in «•., bismilk in tt: Ken. Wil.
Britton Beauties (^1825) ; Wil.' Dev. Rarely made use of from
a belief that it is unwholesome to every stomach but that of the
young calf, tv. Times (Feb. 26, 1886) 2, col. 2.
Hence Beestliny, adj. of milk : having the colour and
richness of ' beestings.'
n.Yks. T'milk's becasliny yit (I.W.).
2. Coiiip. (i) Beesting-cheese, a cow's first milk boiled
to the consistency of soft cheese ; (2) -custard, see below;
(3I -milk, the milk nf a ncwly-calven cow; (4) -pudding,
a baked custard pudding made of beestings.'
1,1) Lnk. Bcistyn-clieese TJam.). (2) Stf.", War.^ Shr.' Beestin'-
custard is ' beestings ' flavoured with spice, sweetened, and baked
in a dish lined with paste. Also called Barfut-custard. (3)
n.Yks." 'A bottle of bisslingmilk to make a bissling-pudding," is
a common present amongst country neighbours ; but it is unlucky
to return the bottle rinsed, for the death of the young calf is sure
to follow. e.Yks. Marshall Riir. Eton. (1788). w.Sora.' Bisky-
milk is the commonest term in the district. Dev. No, mum, us
niver useth tha buzzymilk. Tidden glide vur nort, Hewett Peas.
S/i. i i8g2). nw. Dev.', Cor.'" (41 n.Yks.' Beastling or beesling-
pudding ... is regarded as a great delicacy; n.Yks.' e.Yks'
The first milk of a cow after calving [is] generally made into
puddings, called hislin-puddins. w.Yks.' Lin. Baucon an' taatcs,
an' a beslings-puddin' an' Adam's wine, Tennyson A^ Cobbler
(1881). Nhp.' A pudding made of the second milk after calving
is by some esteemed a delicacy, and termed a bisning-pudding.
War." ne.Wor. A beasting-pudding is a custard-pudding made
without eggs. No thickening of any kind is used, as the
beastings possess the quality of forming rich curds when baked.
Beastings are also used for making pancakes J.W.P. 1. Shr.'
Beestin'-pudding, is 'beestings' made into a batter with fiour, to
which are added sugar and carraway seeds ; then tied in a cloth
and boiled.
3. A preparation of artificially curdled milk.
[Kan.. U.S.A. Carruth Kansas L'niv. Qnar. i^Oct. I892^ I.]
[Beestings, Beastings, the first milk of a cow after
calving, Bailey (1721) ; Colostra, the beestings, the thick
first milk after birth, Coles (1679); Colosire, beestings,
CoTGR. ; A bestynge, cohistniDi, Cnl/i. Aiii;l. (1483). OK.
byslyiig (Anglian besting). See Beest, sb^\
BEES-"WAXERS, sb. pi. Slang. Thick laced boots
used at Winchester School for playing football.
Slang.iA. D.H.); Shadwell ]Vyke. Slang •^i8~,g-i86j^'' ; CorE Gl.
BEET, V. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf.
Lei. Glo. e.An. Ken. Hmp. Wil. Cor. Also written beat
Cum.' Wm. Lei.' Glo. e.An.' Cor.'; beety Cor.'"; beit
Sc. (Jam.); bet- Nrf.'; bete'VVm.' w.Yks. n. Lan.' ne.Lan.'
(K.^ bait Mnip.' [bit.]
lir. U:
joining thread
1. To mend, rcpaii
sed only of mending nets, or
w.Yks. In the woollen trade, to bete is to piece or join the ends
of a thread together. In beting the soft, slightly twisted threads
in the spinning, the fibres are opened and then pressed together
by rolling, and so if the joining is neatly done it is almost imper-
ceptible. Fully twisted threads are ' beted' by knotting (W.T.).
e.An.' We seem to apply it only to mending the broken meshes of
a net. Nrf.' Cor.' Used by Mouseholc fishermen ; Cor."
Hence (i) Beeter, sb.. sec below ; (2) Beeting, vbl. sb.
mending; a piece for mending warp; (3) Beetster, Better,
sb. a woman employed in mending nets.
(i) w.Yks.^ A piece put in to mend a warp when an end or
thread has broken. If it breaks in front of the 'yeld' it only
wants once tying, otherwise twice. (2 Sc. Prov. Daily wearing
neids yearly belting (Jam.). w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Siippl. (Aug 29,
1891); w.Yks.^ The more common form of Beeter, q.v. Lan.',
e.Lan.' (31 e.An.' Nrf. A'//. Jrn. (18081 42; A'. &■ Q. (1858)
2nd S. V. 116 ; Nrf.' [In Yarmouth fisheries], in a long loft ... is
the workroom of the beetsters, women and girls engaged in betting
or mending the nets, 29a. Suf. F.H.)
2. To kindle or mend a fire ; to feed an oven. See
Bait, f.'
Sc. (Jam.) Ayr. Ramsay Rennn. (1872) xliv. Rxb. Forbye I
hae the kiln to beet Wi fuel late and early. Riddell J'oet. lyts.
(ed. 1871) I. 131. n.Cy. Grose (1790); N.Cy.' Especially applied
to straw, hcith, fern, furze, and husks of oats for heating girdles
on which oaten cakes are baked. Nlib.', Dur. (K.) Cum. Wheylc
to beet on the elden.yen ... sat up i' th' nuik, Stacg Mise. Poems
(1805) Anld LangScyne; Beet on the eldin (,M.P.). Wm. Kirn,
beeattbackbtan, peel tales, 5/ifi-.D/<f/. (1885) pt. iii. 34; Ot'pleasure
we lied was when we went oot a bit to beat t'fire for a nebbcr at was
baking, Soutiiey Knitters e Dent in Doctor (18481 559 ; Wm.' A'v
bete t'fire oop and mcead it bleeaz. w.Yks. HunoN Tonr to Caves
(1781) ; WiLLA.N List Wds. (1811); Coam lass, put some coal on
an' beet up a good foirc 1,D.L.) ; w.Yks.* lie— yarks up t'fire-
poit, beets lire— an peeps about, ii. 307. Lan. Jinny sed ther
BEET
[224]
BEETLE
mut be o vaste deyle o foires to beete, Orjierod Felley fro Rachde
(1851^1 V ; Gaskell Lectures (1854) 16 ; A'. & Q. (1865) 3rd S. viii.
59 ; Lan.' Tha mun get up an' beet t'fire to morn. Come, stir
abo'ut— beet up th' fire, and make things tidy. n.Lan. Git sum
chats t3 bit tl'air wi' (W.S.) ; n.Lan.i, ne.Lan.i m.Lan.i Ev'ry-
body knows vvod beetin' th' fire is. e.Lan.', Chs.'^ ^ Stf. Ray
(1691 ) MS. add. (J.C.) Lei.' Glo. Where they dry the malt with
wheaten straw there is a person (commonly some old man who
is fit for nothing else), who sits before the mouth of the oost or
kiln, and carefully supplies it with straw, Grose (1790) MS. add.
(.H.) Ken. A'. iSfy. (i87o)4thS.vi. 121 ; (K. 1 Hmp. The housewife
still baits the fire, Wise Nczu Forest (1883'! 192; Hmp.i Wil.
Britton Beauties (1825,; Wil.i Obs. Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808)
II. 422 ; Cor.' To make or attend to a fire of turves.
Hence Beeting-stick, sb. a stick used for stirring the
fire in a brick oven.
Cum.' By rubbing this stick on the arch of the oven after the
fiame has subsided the proper heat is known by the sparks
emitted.
3. Fig. To rouse or feed a passion, esp. love ; to kindle.
Sc. Your blooming saft beauties first beeted love's fire, Ramsay
Tea-Table Misc. I. 56, ed. 1871. Abd. But with mair wyles and
cann they bet the flame. And aye as they grew up, sae grew their
shame, Ross Hcleiiore (i-]6B) 15, ed. 1812 ; Nae eek frae Nory's
hame-spun kirtle came. To catch the lover, or to beet the flame, ib.
27. Ayr. It heats me, it beets me, And sets me a' on flame, Burns
Ep. to Davie (1784^ ; Or noble Elgin beets the heav'nward flame,
ib. Cotter's Sat. Aiglit (1785V Cum. Sic objects nobbut beat in
spleen, Gilpin Pop. Poetry (1875) 124. Wm. His words of weight
act like a charm On frozen hearts, and beat them warm, White-
head Leg. '1859) 9. ed. 1896.
4. To help, assist ; to supply a want, as in phr. to beet
a mister.
Sc. If twa or three hunder pounds can beet a mister for you in
a strait, 3'e sanna want it, Blackw. Mag. 1^1823) 314 (Jam. \ Lnk.
This man may beet the poet bare and clung That rarely has a
shilling in his spung, Ramsay Poems (ed. 1800) I. 353 (Jam.") ;
Sma' need he has of sangs like mine To beet his name, ib. Gentle
Shep. (1725) 14, ed. 1783. Lth. This will beit a mister (Jam.).
w.Yks.' I see thouz fain to beet him out. ii. 297. Cor. 'To bete
it out by little and little.' to inch it out. that it may hold out the
longer, Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.)
5. Coitip. (i) Beet-master, -mister, (2) -need, a person
or thing that helps in an emergency ; a last resource,
a stop-gap.
(^i) Sc. She enlarged on the advantage of saving old clothes to
be what she called • beet-masters to the new,' ScoTr Old Mortality
(1816) xl. Lth. (Jam. ^ (2~i N.Cy.' Nhb.i We'll not have to use
it except as a beet-need. w.Yks. ILl/.v. IVds.; w.Yks.' Hees oft
been my beet-need, ii. 307 ; w.Yks.^ ; w.Yks.^ I'll not be
Mrs. So-and-so's beet-need. Lau. Aw'll nare stop i' th' place to be
th'beet-neet o' no woman, L.ahee Oud Yein, 24 ; Grose (1790) MS,
add. (P.) ; Davies Races (1856) 270 ; Lan.' Also called boot-need,
q.v. e Lan.'
[1. Pypen he coude and fisshe, and nettes bete, Chaucer
C.T. A. 3927 ; Beetynge her nettis, Wyclif (1382) Mti/t. iv.
21. OE. baleiicte heora neit (mending their nets), Rushiv.
Gosp. Matt. iv. 21. 2. Bad beit the fyire, and the candill
alycht, Douglas Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, in. 78; I wol
don sacrifice, and fyres bete, Chaucer C. T. a. 2253. OE.
betati, to improve ; cp. OFris. beta, to amend (Richthofen),
OS. boliait.]
BEET, see Bate, Beat.
BEET-HAMMER, sb. Nhb. A mason's hammer,
having a flat face at one end and a point at the other.
Nbb. In constructing a wall much knapping and trimming is
necessary, and the mason fits in his material, piece by piece, by
using his beet-hammer fR.O.H.': ; Nhb.'
BEETHY, see Bathy, Beath.
BEETLE, .s/;. In ^T/;. use in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also
written biddle Sur.' ;' bightle limp ' ; bitel Brks.' ; bitle
Wil. Som. i bittelDev. ; bittle Sc. Nhb.' n.Yks.'^ne.Yks.'
m.Yks.' Glo.' Wil. Dor.' Dev. Cor. ; bittul I.W.' ; bwidle
Som. ; bydle Dev. [brtl, bitl.)
1. A heavy wooden mallet, often bound with iron, used
for driving stakes, laying flagstones, &c. ; a thatcher's
mallet. Cf battle.
Sc. He th.it gi'es a' his gear to Iiis bairns Take up a bitHe and
ding out his harns, Ramsay Pivv. (1737) ; The sonorous beetle on
the metal clangs, And champs destructive, Davidso:^ Seasons [I'jSg')
97. e.Yks.' w.Yks. Banks H'i/ld. IVds. (1865); w.Yks.s Also
called a Flegging-mell. Lan.' A large wooden hammer, with
more handles than one. Der.2, nw.Der.', Not.^, n.Lin.', Lei.',
Nhp.', War. (J.R.W.), War.23, s.Wor.', se.Wor.' Shr.l Used
for driving iron wedges into wood for the purpose of splitting it.
Hrf.2, Glo. (A.B.~I, Glo. '2 Oxf.' ' Yoov got u ed un soa uv u
bee-tr [you've got a 'ead and so 'av a beetle] is a reproach for
forgetfulness. Brks.' The Bitel and Wedges obtains as a public-
house sign. Bdf. (J.W.B.~i, Hnt. (T.P.F.), Nrf.' Suf. (C.T.);
Till Giles with ponderous beetle foremost go. And scattering
splinters fly at every blow, Bloomfield Farmer's Boy (1805') 67,
ed. 1845 ; Suf.' A large, heavy, wooden hammer, hooped with iron
round its heads, and studded all over with nails, for the purpose
of riving wood with iron wedges. Ess. No season to hedge, get
beetle and wedge, Tusser Husbandrie (1580) 59. Ken.'- Sur.
In the woodhouse . . . there was a place for everything. . . . Axes
for timber falling and for lopping, ., . the beetle, and a set of wedges
for wood-splitting. Times (Dec. 7, 1894) 13, col. 4 ; Sur.' A stake-
biddle is that which is used for driving stakes, a long or dumb-
biddle for cleaving wood. The latter has two rings at the end to
prevent the wood from ' spalting ' [splitting]. Hmp. Ellis ProtiuM.
(1889) V. 96; Hmp.', I.W.12 Wil. Slow Rhymes (1889) Gl. ;
The dull thuds of a far off mallet or ' bitel ' driving in a stake,
Jefferies Gamekeeper ( 1887) 107; Wil.^ The small mallet "with
which thatchcrs drive home their ' spars.' Dor. Down came the
beetle upon poor John Smith's hand, and smashed en to a pummy,
Hardy Blue Eyes led. 1880 74 ; The dull thud of the beetle which
drove in the spars, ib. Maddiitg Crozvd (1874"! xxxvi ; Dor.'
A knocker very little Less to handle than a bittle, 279. Som.
W.&J. Gl. (1873); SwEETMAN WineantoH Gl. (1885). Dev. The
pron. seems to vary, rhyming with fiddle or sidle. * I saw old
Burn the Bydle.' ' Who is he ? ' ' Why, the man they call by
that name; he broke a bydle, and then burnt the wood of it,*
Reports Provinc. (1891) ; I must ask the carpenter for his bittle,
ib. (1884) II ; Plaize tii vatch in tha bittel an' wadges, I wan'th tu
slat thease moots, Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892^ n.Dev. A barker,
barraquail, a bittle. Rock Jim an' Nell (i86^) St. 67. nw.Dev.'
A thatcher's, also a wheelwright's, mallet. Cor.^ [Who gives away
his goods before he is dead. Take a beetle and knock him on the
head, Ray Prov. (1678) 123; There goes the wedge where the
beetle drives it, ib. 216.]
2. A mallet or pounder for kitchen use, for bruising
barley, mashing potatoes, &c.
Sc. The large wooden beetle, made use of by our ancestors to
bruise and take the outer husk from the barley, to fit it for the pot,
before barley mills were invented. Obsol. , Callander A'otes on Two
Anc. Sc. Poems (1782I. Or.I. ' Aroint j-e, ye limmer,' she added,
' out of an honest house, or, shame fa' me, but I'll take the bittle
to you,' ScoTT Pit ate (1822) vi. Gall. Holding a heavy potato
beetle in her hand . . . she delivered the fellow the heavy end of
the beetle on the side of his thick head, Crockett Raiders (1894)
xxvii. Ir. The dresser . . . hed on it . . . noggins without hoops,
a beetle, and some crockery, Carleton Traits Peas. (1843) I. 92.
N.I.' Nhb.' A potato masher.
3. A flat piece of wood used by dyers, or by washer-
women, to beat clothes. See Bat, 56.', Battledore.
Ayr. Twa dj-ers wi their beetles couldna hae done me more
harm, Galt Entail (1823) v. Ir. Women ... on their knees by the
water side, washing out their linen, . . . laying the things on a flat
stone or board, and beating them with an oblong piece of wood,
called a beetle. Monthly Pckt:{ May 1855 1 384. Nhb.' Stone beetles
were at one time in use. They were superseded by wooden ones
in later times. n.Yks. It is on record, that the bittle, or beating
with battledores of clothes, which the fairies were wont of old
time to wash in Claymoor Well, a mile away upon the hill, was
plainly audible at Runswick by night. Levland Yks. Coast \ 1892)
iii ; n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.^ Bittle and Pin. the mangle in old-fashioned
houses for minor articles of linen. The bittle is a heavy wooden
battledore ; the pin is the roller ; and with the linen wound round
the latter, it is rolled backwards and forwards on a table by hand-
pressure upon the battledore. Thus the fairies are said to mangle
their clothes ; and at Claymore well, on our coast, the strokes of
the bittles on washing nights have been heard for a mile beyond the
scene of their operations ! ne.Yks.l, m.Yks.' n.Lan.' Obs.
4. Coiiip. (i) Beetle-cark, the head of a wooden beetle ;
(2) -finish, see below; (3) -head, (a) a young tadpole, (b)
the bull-head or miller's thumb. Coitus gobio, (c) a block-
head ; (4) -headed, stupid, dull; (5) -hicht, the height of
a beetle ; applied to persons of small stature.
BEETLE
L225]
BEFORN
(i) s.Wor. (H.K.) 12' Lan.i ' Beetle-finish ' is applied to cloth
in the bleaching of which a large hammer is used. (3, a Ant.
Ballymena Obs. ^l892 . lA Dor. Barnes Gl. (1863'!. lO Soui.
\^.Si J. Gl. ( i873\ (4 Der.' Lin.' Go along, you beetle-headed
gowk. War.a, se.Wor.i Glo. How bittle-yedded you be(S.S.B.l.
(5) n.Sc. (W.G.)
5. Phr. (i) As blind as a beetle; (2) as deaf as a beetle, as
deaf as a post.
(i) Nhb.i 'As blind as abittle,' a very common expression. Lei.'
w.Som. Blai'n-z u baa'tl, Elwortiiy Gtant. (1879) aa. {2^ GIo.'
Ken.' As death [sic] as a beetle. Sur.' {s.v. Deaf.) n.Wil. (E.H.G.)
Dev.3
[1. A betell or mallet, malleus ligtieiis, tudes, Baret
(1580) ; Betylle, malleus, Prompt. 3. Have I lived thus
long to be knockt o' th' head With half a washing beetle,
Fletcher Worn. Prize (1626) 11. vi (N.E.D.) ; Betyll to
bete clothes with, battoyr, Palsc.r. (1530) ; Batyldoure, or
wasshynge heiy\\e,fereloriuiii, Prompt. OE. bytel (Anglian
betel); cp. hlYiG. boeel, cudgel (Lexer). Cogn. w. OE.
beatan, to beat ; MHG. boseit.]
BEETLE, v.'^ Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Also written bittle
Sc. N.Cy.'Nhb.i [bitl, bitl.]
1. To beat, pound.
Sc. Then lay it [yarn] out to dry in your bleaching-yard ; but
be sure never to beat or beetle it, Maxwell Set. Trans. (1743) 344
(Jam.). Lth. To bittle lint, to bittle singles (t'A.). Uis. In
common use (M.B.-S.) ; It was remarked of a late professor that
he 'soaped' his students when out of his class, and 'beetled'
them in it, Uts. Jni. Arcli. (18571 V. 104. N.Cy.' Esp. to beat
hemp or grain out of gleanings. Nhb.' ' Aa feel as if aa'd been
bittled aa ower.' Said on feeling stiff and sore all over, as if the
sensation were that of having been beaten with a stick. Singles,
or handfuls of corn gathered by gleaners, are carried home and
afterwards bittled.
Hence Beetit praties, mashed potatoes.
Gall. I W.G.)
2. To beat linen in order to clean it or render it smooth.
Cf. beetling-stone.
Sc. The sheets . . . were washed wi' the fair3'-well water, and
bleached on the bonny white gowans, and bittled by Nelly and
hersell, Scott Gu\ M. \ 1815 ) xxiv. Ayr. The married state was
made for something else than to make napery and beetle blankets,
Galt Atnials (1821 ) xxxii. Cum. Or mappen wad beetle a carlin
sark, Dickinson Ctiiiibi: (18761 237.
BEETLE,!;.'^ Sc. To project, to grow long and sharp.
Sc. (A.W.) Fif. Her nose grows out, and shoots, and lengthens
at the blow, . . . And aye it swells and beetles more and more,
Tap'ring to such a length its queer disgrace, Tennant duster
(1812) 120.
[The dreadful summit of the cliff That beetles o'er his
base into the sea, Shaks. Hamlet, 1. iv. 71.]
BEETLING, vbl sh. Sc. Irel. Cum. Yks. Lan. Also
Nhp. Also written bittling n. Yks. ; bittilling Sc. [bitlin,
bi-tlin.]
1. The act of striking with a ' beetle.'
Sc. This custom of beetl ng the barley has not ceased j'et in
some places in the Highlands ; and many of the hollow stones,
used as the mortar, are still to be seen about our farm3'ards, though
they are no longer applied by them to the former purpose,
Callander Notes on Two Anc. Sc. Poems (1782). It. Montlily
Pikl. (May 1855) 384. n.Yks. She told . . . cf the fairy dancing,
of their retreat to their underground habitations, and 'bittling'
their clothes, Atkinson Maori. Par. (189L1 68. Nhp.'
2. Comp. (i) Beetling-machine, (2) -mill, see below;
(3) -stone, a flat stone on which clothes are placed to be
' beetled ' or smoothed.
(i) Lan. There is used a large ponderous machine, called a
' Beetling Machine,' whicli is made of a number of heavy beech (?)
logs, or beetles, so arranged as to rise and tall consecutively upon
calicoes falling upon them. N. & Q. (1867J 3rd S. xi. 410; This
machine is used by bleachers, and is composed of a number of
rammers or beetles fixed all in a row and lilted up by a revolving
shaft. It is used to give the cloth a better appearance. Formerly
it was only applied to white cloth or calico, but it is now used to
printed and other kinds of cloth (S.W.). (2I N.I.' A mill fitted
with large wooden beetles, raised perpendicularly by machinery
and falling with their own weight, for finishing linen. (3) Rxb.
He set himsel' doun on our bittilling-stane, Riddell Poet. Wks.
(ed. 1871) II. 202. Cum. Or mappen wad beetle a carlin sark On
VOL. I.
t'beetlin' steann at door, Dickinson Cutnbr. (1876) 237. Lan.*
Beetlin'-stean. n.Lan.' A few years ago a large boulder stood by
the side of the well at the corner of Well Street, Ulverston ; it
was then called the ' Bectlin-steean.'
BEET-RA'W, sb. Sc. The red beet, beet-root.
Sc. Commonly used (A.W.) ; The skin of the apple is a deep
red, and the inner corr [core] cuts red like bcetraw, MaxwellSiV.
Trans. (1743^ 271 (Jam.).
[Beetraddish, Beetrave, a kind of beet, an herb used in
sallad. Ash (1795) ; Bcct-raves are made use of to colour
wine, Bailey Hous/i. Did. (1736). Fr. bette-rave, a kind of
delicate red parsenip, which boyled, yields a sweet ver-
milion sap (CoTGR.). Lat. beta + rapa.]
BEETSEL, sb. e.An.i [brtsl ] The time for sowing
beet. Cf. barley-sele, hay-sele.
BEEVER, sb. Obsol. Som. A hedge-side overgrown
with brambles ; a growth of brambles. See Beaver, sb.^
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873^ e.Som. The word is occas. used by
old farm labourers. Beevers are found on land where the fences
are not well kept (G.S ).
BEEVER, see Bever.
BEEZE, V. Dor. To turn out, drive out.
Dor. When carter lads are waiting in the stable for the moment
to start their teams, one would say to the other, ' Now then, be
toime to beeze out ? ' (H. J.M.) ; (C.K.P.)
BEEZEN, see Bisson.
BEEZmS, BEEZLINS, see Beestings.
BEEZLE, see Beastle.
BEFANG, V. Yks. [bafa'i].] To seize upon, to
clutch.
n.Yks. 2 Come here an' I'll befang thee.
[par Brutus bifcng al |at him biforen wes, La5amon
(c. 1205) 1.36 (Matzner); Higwoldon ¥one Hslcnd on
hys sprcece befon, Corpus Cosp. (c. 1000) Matt. xxii. 15.
OE. hefbn, to seize, catch ; pp. befaiigeii.]
BEFANGLED, pp. Shr.' [bafaenld.] Smartly
dressed or decorated, bedizened.
[Be- +faiigled, q.v.]
BEFF, sb. Sc. [bef.] A stupid person.
n.Sc. He's a stoopit befi" o' a cheel ; he kens naething an can
dee naething. She's a saft belTo' a dehm ; she thinks it ilka lad
it Icuks at her is gyan t'mairry her (W.G.). Bnff.'
BEFF, see Baff.
BEFFIN, sb. Sc. Also written beffan. [befan.] A
soft, stupid person.
n.Sc. Beflan has a somewhat intenser meaning than beflf (W.G.).
Bnff.'
BEFLUM, V. Sc. Yks. [baflu-m.] To deceive by
cajoling language, to ' humbug.' Sec Flum.
Sc. Grose (1790) MS. adit. ^C.^ ; Then, on the other hand,
I bellumm'd them wi' Colonel Talbot, Scott IFnver/cv (1814^ Ixxi ;
An I had been the Lord High Commissioner they couldna hac
bellumm'd me mair. ih. Bride 0/ Lam. (18191 xxv. n.Yks.^
BEFONDED, see Baffounded.
BEFONG, sb. Obs. Sc. A kind of handkerchief or
material of which handkerchiefs were made.
Edb. Chambers Traditions (1825 59.
BEFORE, adv., prep, and conj. Var. dial, uses in Sc.
and Eng.
1. adv. Of a watch or clock : fast.
Sc. My watch is before, Montlily Mag. (ngS") II. 437 ; (G.W.)
2. pref>. In front of; hence accompanying, with.
Ken.'' Carry it before you. Have the horse before you to the
field.
3. coiij. Rather than.
Sc. I would die before I would break my word, Scotic. (1787) 13.
4. In phr. (i) before after, until after; (2) before ought's
long, soon, before long.
(i ) Ken. We should often say, ' I sh.ill not go out before after
twelve o'clock' iP.M.i; Ken.' Dev. Before after dinner, Grose
(1790I MS. add. (C.) (2I w.Yks. Tha may find thisen thear
befoor owt's long. Hartley Clock Aim. (,1883) 23 ; Banks Wkfd.
ll'ds. (1865) ; w.Yks.2
BEFORN, adii., prep, and conj. Som. Also written
bevorne. Before.
Som. Beforn tha Justice tha her brought, Jennings Obs. Dial.
BEFRAM
[226;
BEGGAR
L
w.Eng. (iSas"! 175 ; The time ma be longful, Beforn I on thy
drashei again zet my eye, ib. 94 ; W. cSc J. G/. ( i873\
[ME. bifor(e)ii, OE. beforan, before. Biforn the heighe
bord He with a manly voys seith his message, Chaucer
C. T. F. 98,>
BEFRAM, adv. S. & Ork.' [bafram.] To seaward.
[Be-+frain. O^.fmin, forward ; cp. OHG.fram (vram).]
BEFRONT, adv. Sur. In front.
Sur. He is about six yards befront, N. (X Q. (1889) 7th S. vii. 205.
[Be-, by +froii/.]
BEFT, V. Sc. Cum. [beft.] To beat, to strike. Cf. baff.
Sc. I wuU beft doun his faes afore his lece, Riddell Ps. (.1857)
Ixxxix. 23. Cum. Ah'U beft ye (J.D.).
Hence Befting, vbi. sb. a beating.
Cum. He gat sec a beltin (J.D.).
[The wroth of the goddis has doun beft The cietie of
Troye, Douglas Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, 11. 104 ; Nu wit
hastens fiai liim beft Ful grinili to ))e grand, Cursor M.
(c. 1300) 15831.]
BEG, V. Yks. Chs. Not. Rdn. In phr. (i) Beg back, to
ask to be taken back ; (2) —cavy, to beg pardon.
(i) w.Yks. I gat sekt an Sen went an begd bak (J.W.).
s.Not. My maid as I sent about 'er business a month ago come
yesterday and wanted to beg back (J.P.K.). (2) Chs.' It has been
suggested, with good show of reason, that the word is probably
a corruption of ' Peccavi.'
Hence (i) Begging, vbl. sb. a very small quantity; (2)
Begging-day, vbl. sb. Obsol. St. Thomas' Day, on which
children go round begging for corn, apples, &c. for
Christmas Day. Also called Mumping Day.
li)Rdn. I wouldn't give a begging, Morgan Wds. (1881).
(2) w.Yks. Hlf.w IVds. ; The word is not used at Ossett, but the
custom of begging wheat still remains ; it was fairly common
fifteen years ago, but is now very rare (M.F.) ; (,B.K.)
BEG, see Big.
BEGABBED,//'. n.Yks.^ Talked over; reported from
one to another.
n.Yks. Not common now (T.S.).
BEGAGED, ppl. adj. Som. Dev. Also written bag-
gaged, begaiged, begeged Dev. [bigeadgd.] Bewitched,
hag-ridden.
w.Som.i Poor soul, her never 'ant a got no luck like nobody
else ; I ont never bleive eens her idn a begaged by zomebody or
nother. Dev. A reck'n th' ouRi house be begayged, Madox-Brown
Dwale Blulh (1876J I. iv ; w. Times (Feb. 26, 1886) 2, col. 2.
n.Dev. Wart tha baggaged ? E.xni. Scold. (1746) 1. 4 ; Absleutly tha
art bygaged, ib. 1. 251 ; Begaiged wi' bloo' o' lips or skin, Rock
Jim an' Nell (1867) St. 135; Grose (1790). Dev.i A slat and
scat the things about as thof the godger was in an. Wan wid
a thort ha was begeged, 4 ; Dev.^
[This word is prob. due (with change of pref.) tothevb.
engage, used in the sense of ' to charm, fascinate.' When
beauty ceases to engage. Prior (c. 1721) (Johnson) ;
Virtue has in herself the most engaging charms, Berkeley
Essay in Guardian (1713) No. 55.]
BEGAR, int. Irel. Wil. Som. Written begaur Som.
An exclamation, a disguised oath. See By Gar.
Ir. Begar, a judge couldn't come up to you, Carleton Trails
Peas. (1843) I. 309. Wil. The guests begun ta think it strainge,
Begar thay look'd main queer, Slow Rhymes (1889) 59 ; Slow Gl.
(1892). Som. (J.S.F.S.) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873).
BEGARIE, V. Obs. Sc. To bespatter ; to variegate
with colours.
Sc. Some Whalley's Bible did begarie By letting flee at it
canarie, Colvill Poem (1681) pt. i. 59 ; Then sta away for shame
to hide him. He was so well begarried, Watson Cull (1706) I. 48
(Jam).
Hence Begarred, ppl. adj. covered with filth.
[Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.)]
[Dames, satyne, begaryit mony wise, Douglas Palice
of Honour {1^01), ed. 1874, I. 22. Fr. bigarrer, to diver-
sifie, vary, mingle or make of sundry colours (Cotgr.).
See Palsgr. 482.]
BEGECK, V. and sb. Sc. [bigek.]
1. V. To deceive, jilt.
Abd. Ye'd better want him than he sud begeck you, Ross
Helenore (1768) 93, ed. 18 12.
2. sb. A disappointment, a trick. '
Sc. Play himsel' sic a slee Begeck ihat day, Skinner Poems
(1859) II. Abd. Dawvid hed gi'en them a' a begeck, Alexander
Johnny Gibb (1871) xxxviii.
[1. Wyse wemen hes wayis . . . With greit ingyne to
begaik thair jeleous husbandis, Dunbar Maitland Poems
(c. 1513) 6i (Jam.). Be- + geek (vb.), q.v.]
BEGEGED, see Begaged.
BEGES, adv. Sc. Yks. Also written begess. [bages,
bige's.] By chance ; at randouL
Sc. I chanst to gang in begcs By ganging out the gait, Watson
Coll. (1706) II. 30 (Jam.) ; In common use all over Sc. (G.W.).
Bnff. Quite common. Lassie, a met yer father b'giss i' the market
(W.G.). w.Yks. It war oal dun bige-s (J.W.).
[Repr. by guess. To keep trewe weight and selle paper
by gesse ... it accordith nought, Lydgate M. Poems, 58
(Matzner).]
BEGET, 7a' Not. Lin. [bsget.] To happen to, befall.
s.Not. (J.P.K.) s Lin. I lost my knife this morning; I couldn't
tell what "had begot it, N. & Q. (1882) 6th S. v. 207. sw.Lin.'
I don't know what has begot it.
[OE. begitan, to get, take, seize. The same word as lit.
E. beget (' procreare ').]
BEGET, v."^ Som. Dev. To forget.
w.Som.' Pret. beegaut ; pp. u-beegau t. I beget whe'er I have
or no. n.Dev. Es begit whot Quesson twos, E.xm. Crtshp. (1746)
•• 493-
[A contam. form oi forget, with change of pref. for- to
the more common be-.]
BEGGAR, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan.Chs. Der.
Nhp. War. Wor. Shr. Glo. Bck. e.An. Ken. Hmp. Dev.
Slang. Written bagger se.Wor.'
1. In cotup. (i) Beggar -banger, an officer whose duty
it was to expel beggars from the town ; (2) -barm, barm
of the poorest kind ; anything worthless ; (3) -'s barm or
balm, foam or froth collected on water ; (4) -bed, a bed
allotted to beggars, gen. in the barn ; (5) -'s brown, a kind
of snuff ; (6) -face, a term of mock anger applied to
children ; (7) -inkle, a coarse kind of tape, usually sold
by beggars ; (8) -leg or lug, see -face ; (9) -maker, a pub-
lican ; (10) -man, a beggar ; (11) -'s pincushion, the fruit
of the wild rose ; (12) -plaits, creases in a garment ; (13)
-'s plush, corduroy ; (14) -'s stab, a coarse sewing-needle ;
(15) -'s staff, T^i,'. a state of bankruptcy or beggary ; (16)
-'s velvet, fluff shaken from a feather-bed and left to
collect by untidy housemaids ; (17) -wench, a beggar-girl.
(i) nhp.2 An officer under the Corporation of Brackley, whose
duty it is to 'bang,' i.e. expel, all beggars from the limits of the
town. (3) Lan. An' am I th' last foo there is left to swill his
throttle wi' beggar berm, and barrel-weshin's ? Waugh Chimn.
Corner (1874) 252 ; Lan.' Barm of the poorest kind, given away
to those who beg barm, because it is hardly good enough to sell.
The word is commonly applied to anything worthless, esp. to
worthless talk. ' I don't believe i' none sich like things,' said the
landlord. 'It's o' beggar berm an* bull-scutter,' Waugh Chinin.
Co;-«(v- ( 1874). (3) Der.2, nw.Der.i, Nhp. ^ War. ^ The discoloured
froth or scum accumulating at bridges or in other places when a
river or stream is checked after a storm. [Brewer (1870).] (4) Sc.
The beggars' bed was made at e'en wi' gude clean straw and hay.
Herd Coll. (1776) II. 27, ed. 1869 (Jam. Suppl). (5) Sc. Light
brown snufiTwhich is made of the stem of tobacco. In Eng .g-*-;;. de-
nominated Scotch snuff (Jam.). (6) m. Yks. i 'I've a good mind to go
awaj'S and see how our peaches is getting on.' ' I lays [wager] thou
won't, thou young beggar-face.' w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Snppl. (Sept. 5,
1891). (7) Cum. He selt beggar-inkle, caps, muslins, and cottons,
Gilpin Sngs. (1866) 403. w.Yks. 2, Lan ' n.Lan.' The looms by
which it [beggar-inkle] was manufactured being sosmall and compact
that a large number could be placed in one room, hence the phrase
' as thick as inkle weavers,' i e. particularly intimate. War.^ It is a
common article, and is only bound with beggar's incle. (8) m.Yks.'
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Snppl. (Sept. 5, 1891) ; Side aht o' t'gate,
yo' little bcggerlegs (iE.B.). (9) Ken. A beggar happ'ning once
to pop Into a beggar maker's shop, Nairne Tales (1790) 46, ed.
1824. Slang. Farmer. [Hollowav.] (lo)se.Wor.* (^ii)War.3
(12) Sc. (Jam. Snppl.) Ant. Ballymeua Obs. (1892); Wrinkles
or creases in a person's clothes, as if they had been slept in
iW. H.P.). (13I Hmp. The hair [seemed] to stare more than
ordinary, or look like beggars plush, Lisle Husbandry (1757) 267.
BEGGAR
[227]
BEGLAMMER
Slang. A person ... in a dark grey cloth coat, . . . breeches
of beggar's plush, Lon. Gazelle (1688) No. 2379, 4 (FarmerV
(14 N.l.l (i5)n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.* ' They brought him te bcggarslaflT,'
to the condition of a beggar, as with a staff in hand he goes from
door to door. ne.Yks * Rare. He'll secan cum ti t'beggar-stafT.
m.Yks.i (16) Chs.>3, e.An.i, Nrf.> (17 se.'Wor.'
2. Comp. in plant-names: (l) Beggar -brushes, wild
clematis, C. vitalba ; (2) -lice, Galittni apariiw, the seeds
of wliich adhere to the clothes ; also the dry husks of
grass-seed; (3) -s' basket, Puhnonaria officmalis; (4)
■'s buttons, the flower-heads and burrs of burdock,
ArcliMii lappa ; (5I -'s needle, the shepherd's needle,
Sea iniix pec/en veneris ; see Adam's needle ; (6) -'s stalk,
the great mullein, Verbasatm llmpsus. See also Beggar-
weed.
(i)Bck. (2) Nhp.' Called also HeirilTe, Gosling Grass, Scratch-
weed, Beggar-weed, Bur-weed, and Pigtail. Glo.' So called from
the itching they produce in the hayfield. Bck. Hmp. A'. & Q.
(1880) 6th S. i. 329, (31 Chs.' Beggars' basket, a very frequent
plant in cottage gardens; Chs.^ 141 Dev.' Bachelor's buttons,
called also Beggar's or Cuckhold's buttons ; Dev.* (5) Midi.
Marshall if !(f. £roH. (1796). War.^ Wor. In Sus. a weedvcry
prejudicial to corn is called Pork or Puck's needle. It goes by the
name of Beggar's needle in Wor., Allies Aiiliq. (1852I 425. Shr.
The fellows always throw up the beggar's needle, Science Gossip
(1870) 227 ; Shr.' (6) Cum.' Also called Beggar's blanket.
3. A term of reproach or mock anger ; also a term of
address to a familiar.
Nhb.i Where's the little beggar gan te 1 ' The Skipper saw'd
first, and he gov a greet shout, How, beggar, man, Dick, here's
a grunstone afloat,' Armstrong Floatin Gninslan {C. 1883-4').
n.Yks. (I.W.) w.Yks. Yo' little beggar, what's tch done that for ?
Leeds Merc. Siippl. iSept. 5, 1895). Coll. ' Poor old beggar I ' said
Trelyon to himself, ' I wonder if he's married, and if he's got any
kids that one could help,' Black Three Feathers.
4. In phr. to sue a beggar to catch a louse, see below.
Ken. A proverb expressing the uselessness of bringing a lawsuit
against a man of straw (P.M ).
BEGGAR, V. Chs. Stf. Nhp. "War. Won Shr. Rrks.
Ken. Som. Dev. Written bagger se.Wor.' Som. Dev.
1. To impoverish ; geii. used of land.
Chs ' If you use go-hanna year after year, it'll beggar th' land.
Nhp.i,'War. fJ.R.W.') Shr '^ Farmers talk of certain crops beggar-
ing their land. Brks. ' That beggared I [made me bankrupt].
Hence Beggared,///, adj. impoverished.
Shr.i Said of land that has been ' letdown ' from want of manure
and tillage.
2. In phr. (i) I'm beggared, beggar thee, &c. ; (2) baggar-
ualioii-saze-it, a mild expletive or quasi-oath.
Stf.^ The be beggared, lad, the art na goin juke [cheat] ma a
that'ns. Oi'll be beggared if oi'ill lend er my best bonnet ; 'ers
a brazen 'ussy to ask. Glo. (S.S.B.) Som. Zes ee ' Be bagger'd
if you shan't,' Pulman Sketches (1842) 46, ed. 1853. Dev. I'm
baggered ef I wunt be aiven wi' yu avore long, Hewett Peas.
Sp. (1892) ; I bant agwaine tu be sard like that again, I'm baggered
ef I be ! ib. 54 ; Then baggered ef fust thing 'e sees baint Tom
'isself along wi' Jem, Piiillpotts/)<J)-/h!00>-(i895) 205. nw.Dev.l
May you be beggar'd. (2) se.Wor.'
BEGGARING, /■/'/. rt(//'. Sur. Som. Dev. Also written
baggering Dev. Worrying, tiresome.
Sur. There's been a beggaring snag [snail] in among my plants
(T.S.C.). Som. If he could only change his stockings he could beat
the beggering things, Raymond Love and Quiet Life (1894) 216.
Dev. Theer was the baggerin' gert boards hall round the woods,
PHiLLPOTTsZ>(ir/»noo»(i895) 219; Til keep they baggering witches
from agwaine to zay in a eggboat, Hewett Peas. Sp. ( 1892) ; Joey
. . . appealed to all within call to come ' an' 'elp'n wi' thCase
baggering pegs,' ib, 16 ; He was sure to have missed his way, ' all
owing to them beggaring little pigsies,' Tozer Poems (18731 76.
BEGGARLY, adj. Lin. Nhp. Shr. Oxf. Of land:
poor, not productive, in bad cultivation.
n.Lin.' Land which has become exhausted from wanting manure
is said to have become beggarly. Nhp.' Shr.' Beggarly land is
land that will not yield well ; Shr.^ A beggarly bit o' groun'. Oxf.'
MS. add.
BEGGAR-MAN'S OATMEAL, sb. Lei. Hedge
garlic, Alliaria officinalis.
BEGGAR-"WEED, sb. (i) Greater dodder, Cuscuta
europaea (Dor.) ; (2) C. trifolii (Bdf. Wil.) ; (3) Galium
aparine (Nhp.); (4) Heracleum sphoudylium (Bdf.); (5)
Polygonum aviculare (ib.) ; (6) Corn spurry, Spergula
anviisis {ib.).
(i)Dor. j4nM. Agric. (1784-1815^; Mansel-Plevdell Flora
(1874). (a) Wil.' So called from its dcstructivencss to clover. &c.
(31 Nhp.' Sec Beggar-lice. 6) Bdf. Batchelor Anal. Etig. Lang.
(1809".
BEGGARY, sb} n.Cy. e.An. Of land : poverty, un-
productiveness.
n.Cy. Grose (1790^ Suppl. e.An.' The copious and various
growth of weeds in a field. Nrf. Land let down through a want
of manure and tillage, is said to run to beggary, Marshall Rur.
Econ. (1787).
Hence Beggary, adj. full of weeds.
e.An. B. &H. Nrf.'
BEGGARY, sb.'^ e.An. A plant-name, prob. for
Funiaria ojfficiualis.
e.An.2 A specific plant, which infects gravel walks and spots of
hard barren ground ; a kind of moss, or more resembling a conferva
in water.
BEGGEL, V. Chs. [be'gl.] Small beer, treacle beer.
Chs.' This ale is good for newt ; it's nowt bu' beggel.
BEGGING-POKE, sb. Yks. A beggar's bag, in which
to put the scraps of food, &c. given him on his rounds.
n.Yks.': n.Yks.* He coomed t'tak' oop wi' t'bcgging-pooak, he
was reduced to the condition of begging his bread ^ed. 1855).
ne.Yks.' Rare. It was sometimes made of ' harden,' sometimes
simply a pillow-slip. w.Yks. Common in Wilsden, Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (Sept. 5, iSgiX
BEGGO'WN, see Bedgown.
BEGGUGLED, ppL adj. Sh.I. Destroyed by mud,
slime, &c.
Sh.I. (J. J.") S.&Ork.l
BEGIBBED, pp. Obsol. Cor. Given, allotted.
Cor.' 'Tis not bcgibd to me; Cor.^
BEGIN, V. Sc. Yks. Chs. Stf. Not. Wor. Oxf. Som.
Amer. [bigi'n.]
1. To scold.
Ox".' I could see 'er was jest agwain to begin, so I cut, MS. add.
w.Soni.' Kiaistet'll begin, hon a comth to vind eens you an't
a-finish.
2. To interfere, molest.
w.Som.' What d'ye begin way mc vor then ? — I did'n tich o' you,
'vore you bcgin'd way me.
3. In phr. (i) begin of or on, (a) to commence doing any-
thing ; {b) to attack, assail ; to be the aggressor ; (2) begin
to. to fall to, commence on ; (3) begin n'ith, to compare
with.
(I, a) w.Yks. As bigin on it 1 J.W.). Not. I was just going to
begin of my weshing, Prior Heme [1895'! 172 ; We begin of our
turnips a Monday (J.P.K.\ w.Wor. Thee'.st no better nor a
kitty-wren, or a cherry-chopper, as what thee begins on thee
don't never not finish, U'or. Jni. 1 Mar. 3, 1888 . (A, s.Chs.' Ally
shod nevur 0 sed nuwt tu yoa", ev yoa- aad)nu bigiin- il mey
[I should never lia" said nowt to yo, ev yo hadna begun o' mey].
Stf.'^ Oi wiir just taaukin to a neebflr an' some drunken chap
come an' begun o' mci summat shameful. s.Not. I never touched
him till he begun of me (or 'on me'i iJ.P.K. 1. ys) Per. Begin to
your kail. Begin to your day's work (G.W.). Edb. My uncle
helped himself to one of the long black things, which he shoved
into his mouth and began to, MoiR Maiisie IVaiich (1828) ii. Gall.
(A.W.) [(3) U.S.A. He doesn't begin with Jones, Carruth
Kansas Univ. Quar. (1892) I.]
BEGINNER, sb. Lin. A founder.
n.Lin.' The first beginner o' th' New Connection Methodists,
was Alexander Kilham, of Ep'uth.
BEGLAMMER, v. Sc. [bigla-mar.] To bewitch ;
to deceive, hoodwink.
Ayr. 1 hae a plan far better than the veesions o' life-rents that
Mrs. Sorrocks would beglammar us a' wi', Galt Lairds (1826)
XXXV ; He was laughing in his sleeve to see how the other
members of the corporation were bcglammered, ib. Provost (182a)
V. Lth. Gin e'er ye're beglommered wi' love or wi' drink,
Ballantine Poems 1,1856) 107.
Hence Beglammert, ppl. adj. bewitched.
Sc. Ilka chield was glowerin',. . . Wi' sair beglammert een, Smith
Mcrrv Bridal (1866 g.
[Be- -^glamer (sb.), q.v.]
Gga
BEGOB
[228]
BEGUILE
BEGOB, int. Irel. [bigo-b.] An exclamation, a dis-
guised oath.
Ir. No bei^ob ; I'll just be keepin' Ihe feel of it in me hand for
this night, Barlow Idylls (1892 34 ; If your bees are as big as
ponies, and your hives no bigger than ours are, how do your bees
o-et into your bee-hives? — Begob, that's their own affair iG.M.H. 1.
" BEGOCK, int. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Lan. Lin. Also
in forms begok Nhb. Cum. ; begox Nhb.i fbigok.] An
e-xclamation, a disguised oath. See By Gock.
Nhb. Begock! aw's often flay'd te deed They'll myek us eat
and sleep by steam! 'Wilson Pilmaiis Pay (18431 35! What
a fyess, begok ! N.Mitistrel(i8o6--]) pt. iv. 79; Begox, ses Aa, it's
me, Haldane His other Eye (1880 2 ; Noo when aw fill maw box
Aw'U come back agyen, begox, Bagnall Sngs. (c. 1850) 12 ; Nhb.'
■Whei clavers biv the chimlay reek Begox, it's all a horney.
ynon-p&oti Jimmy J onesois IV/iiiny (c. 1816'. Cum. He shootit
o't lads ta git up, an, begock! He nivver cud lig a bit langer his
scl, DiCKi.vsoN Laiitphigh {18561 9. Wm.i n.Lan.i Thou can't
loup that dyke, can t'e?— Yes, begock ! I can. n.Lin.l
BEGONE, adv. Yks. Lin. Nrf. Suf. 'Wntten begeean
n.Yks.^ ; begoan w.Yks.*
1. Worn out, decayed.
e.An.', Nrf.' Nrf., Suf. The thatch of this house is lamentably
begone, Grose (1790). Svi.CwhVii Hist. Hmvsied {i8i:i) ; Obsol.
(F.H.') ; Sxif.i
2. Taken aback, disagreeably surprised, dismayed.
n.Yks.2 e.Y'k.s} MS. add.iJ.B..') w.Yks.= -Sadly begoan, '-Rarely
begoan,' are the commonest combinations. n.Lin.^ I lighted on 'em
boath ahint t'stroa stack, an' my wo'd, bud thaay did look begone
when thaay seed me.
[1. In IVIE. this word means merely 'circumstanced,'
thus : wel bigoon, Chaucer C. T. d. 606 ; wo bigon, C. T.
A. 3658. The dial, sense is due to the fact that the word
was commonly used with ' woe,' as in E. ivoe-begone.
OE. began, pp. of began, to go about, to compass, to
beset.]
BEGONNIES, int. Irel. [bigoniz.] An exclamation.
See By Connies.
Ir. (^G.M.H.) Wxf.'Oh, begonies !' says Tim, Keki^zvv Evenings
Diiffirv I 1869 352.
BEGORiZ, ;;//. Lin. Sur. (?) Som. Dev. Also written
begaurz Som. ; begorsey Dev. An expletive or quasi-
oath. See By Gor.
n.Lin.' Sur. He bart this place and built it all of the best 'terials,
begor, Jennings Field Paths 1^1884 37 ; [Not known as a native
word (G.L.G.).] Som. I can't do it, begorz, Jennings Obs. Dial.
w.Eng. (1825); W. & J. (7/. {1873 > w-Som.* BeegauT, Beegaurz.
Dev. BowRiNG Lang. (1866) I. pt. v. 36. n.Dev. Begorsey! vor
a coager's en', RocKy/;« ok' Pielt (1867) st. 85. Dev.*^
BEGORRA, 7«/. Irel. Also written begarra, begorrah.
[bigoT3.] An exclamation, a disguised oath.
Ir. Fine company they'd be for anybody begorrah, Barlow
Lisconnel (1895) 11 ; But our bit of an Inish, begorrah, I'll stan by
thro' thick an' thro' thin, ib. Bog-land {i8g2) 5. ed. 1893 ; (G. IVI.H.);
Be gorral when a man would give. Lever Marlins (1856) I. x ;
Bcgorra ! you're in it, ib. Jaek Hinton (1844) ii ; Begarra,
captain dear, Carleton Fardoroitgiia (1848) xvi ; No. begorraa
I was on vour back, Flit-Lore Rer. (1881) 'V. iv. Ant. ( W.H.P.)
BEGOUD, V. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Also written begood
S. & Ork.' N.I.'; begouth Sc; begued Nhb.'; beguid Sc.
[bigud, -gu'd.] Past tense of /o begin.
Sc. 'Twas yoursel begood it, Dickson Kirk Beadle (ed. 1892)
69; Auld an' j-oung, wi' hearty dash, Begoud to try their strength,
Smith Merry Bndal (1866) 13 ; ' The other . . . Begoutli to reckon
kin and blude,' Herd Sngs. (1776) I. 51 ; Then he begoud tae
crack wi' me aboot 'young Mester Lynn,' Hunter & Whyte
Ducats (1895) xix; Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) S. & Ork.'
Abd. Some o' the ceevil authorities begood to repree, Alexander
Johnny Gibb (1871) xviii ; I never dream't it was daylight. Till
chanticleer begoud to craw, Siiirrefs Poems (1790) 285. Per.
But he begood to dvvam in the end of the year, Ian Maclaben
Brier Bush (1895) 31. Fif. Folk begoud to gowl and bark Contrair
the Roman city, Tennant Papistry (1827) i. e.Lth. An' syne it
begoud to poor. Hunter J. Inwick (1805) 9. Feb. My heart
begudc to wallop, N i co l Pof»;s (1805) ^"" Supper. Slk. Gied
it a kick in the by-gaun, till it begood to hang a' to the tae side,
Chr. North A'or/csfed. 1856) II 50. Gall. Anbegood tomisca' puir
Birsay for a' that was ill. Crockett Moss-Hags (1895) xxiii. N.I.'
Ant. Ballymcna Obs. (1892). Nhb. As the light begoud to lower,
Richardson Borderer's Tabh-bk. (1846) VIII. 166; Nhb.' But
suddenly begued a feast. And after that begued a fray. Bell
Rhymes {1812^1 Ecky's Mare.
[With plesand voce begouth his sermoun thus, Douglas
Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, 11. 51 ; The noj'is begouth than
and the cry. Harbour i3nice [i^-]^) viii. 308. The Sc. form
begouth (later bcgoiidi is prob. due to the analogy of couth
{could), pt. of can. This contam. arose prob. through the
form gaii (for began), which became in Sc. C(7«.]
BEGOUGH, int. I. Ma. [bigou'.] An exclamation or
oath.
I. Ma. I'd just like you to strek me, begough, Caine Man.xman
(1894) pt II. xvii.
BEGO"WK, V. and sh. Sc. Also written begouk
(Jam.), [bigau'k.] Cf begunk.
1. V. To trick, befool ; to jilt.
Sc. But I'll begowk them there, Mr. David, Stevenson Catriona
(1892') i.x ; Tak' tent that nae man begowk you, Henderson
St. Matt. (1862) xxiv. 4. Peb. (Jam.)
Hence Begowker, vbl. sb. a deceiver.
Sc. That begowker said while he was yet Hvin', After three
days I will rise again. Henderson St. Matt. (1862) xxvii. 63.
2. sb. The act of jilting.
Sc. If he has gi'en you the begowk, let him gang, my woman,
Sa.Yon and Gael (1814) II. 32 (Jam.); (W.G.)
[Be- -^-gowk (sb.), q.v.]
BEGOYT, />/>/. ff^; Obsol. Sc. Foolish.
Bnff. Nasty bcgoyt creature. Wise fowk say he is begoyt,
Taylor Poems (1787; 8 f Jam.\ Per. Not common (G.W.).
BEGRAT(TEN, BEGRITTEN, see Begrutten.
BEGRUDGED, //>/. adj. Oxf Dev. [bigrsd^d.] In
phr. tea begrudged, tea given sparingly, weak tea.
Oxf.' Ta3' begrutcht (s. v. Water). Dev. Water bewitched and
tea begridged, Sharland IFays Village (18851 46.
BEGRUMPLED,/'//.a(ij'. Som. Dev. Cor. [bigrB'mpld.]
Displeased ; atuonted.
Som. He do git that begrumpled . . . you'd think the clouds
must vail, Raymond Gent. Upcott v'893) 87 ; Jennings Obs. Dial.
w.Eng. (1825); W. & J. Gl. (18731. Dev., Cor. Grose (1790)
add. (C.); Mont/ily Mag. (1808, II. 422.
[Be-+gruinpled, pp. of gruiiiple, vb. with freq. suff.,
conn. w. gruDipy, q.v.]
BEGRUTTEN, ppl. adj. Sc. Also in forms begratten
Rnf ; begrat Lth. ; begritten Edb. Tear-stained, dis-
figured with weeping.
Sc. You might take the heart out of their bodies, and they
never find it out, they are sae begrutten, Scott Monastery (1820)
viii ; A maid Begrutten sair an blurr'd wi' tears. A. Scott Poems
(1808) 192 ; Herd Sngs. (1776). Fif. The guidwife sat speechless
. . . but wi' a look on her begrutten countenance that plainly telt
there wad be eruptions in a w^ee, McLaren Tibbie 1^18941 42,
Rnf. Here, a' begratten, he's left me my lane, Neilson Poems
(1877) 59. Ayr. When she came to her dinner, her een were
blear't and begrutten, Galt Lairds 1,1826; vii. Lth. Her pale,
pale face was sair begrat. Smith Merry Bridal (1866) 83. e.Lth.
I could see that her een were unco red, an' her face was a' be-
grutten, Hunter J. Inwick (1895) 203. Edb. And rubbing my
begritten face with my coat sleeve, Moir Mansie IVattch (1828)
23. Gall. She had the greetin' by wi' and only a begrutten face
turned up to us as peetiful like, Crockett Raiders (^1894} xxii ;
I'm a begrutten owre, Harper Bards (1889J '37-
[Be- -¥ grutten (pp.), q.v.]
BEGUED, see Begoud.
BEGUILE, V. and sh. Sc.
1. V. To trick, bring into error, disappoint, deprive of.
Sc. I'm saer beguiled [I have fallen into a great mistake] ;
I thank my God he has never beguiled me yet. Walker Rem.
Passages (,1727) 10; The Lord Aboyn comes to the road of
Aberdeen, still looking for the coming of his soldiers, but he was
beguiled, Spalding Hist. (1792) I. 165 (Jam.). Ayr. My father
has beguiled me o' the Plealands — and I hae neether house nor ha'
to take you to, Galt Entail (1823) xxxi.
2. sb. A deception, trick ; disappointment.
Sc. Yond man has given himself a great beguile, for he was
looking for heaven and has gotten hell, Guthrie Sennons (1709)
9 (Jam). Abd. Ere I came back ... I gets the beguile, Ross
Hclenore (17681 76, ed. 1812; Content were they at sic a lucky
kile. And thought they had na gotten a beguile, ib. 83, ed. 1812.
BEGUM
[229]
BEHIND
[Depart not with al that thou hast to thy childe, Much
less unto other, for being bcgiiilde, Ti'sskr Husb. (1580)
26 ; Once ended thy harucst, let none be bcgilde, ib. 132.]
BEGUM, ;';//. w.Yks. Lin. Slir. Dor. Soni. [bigum,
-g^ni.] An exclamation of astonishment ; a disguised oath.
See By Gum.
w.Yks. Begum ! that wor a (logger ! Leeds Merc. Sttp/il. (Sept.
5, 1891), n.Lin.' Shr.^ When tlie individual speaking is either
ignorant of the subject referred to, or unable to answer the question
propounded, he usually cuts oil the enquiry by saying ' Bygum,
I duna knoa.' Dor. Robluts ///*/. Lyme /^egis (1834). Som.
W. & J. G/. (1873) ; w.Som.'
[Cp. Bremen bigiiiit, 'ein Betheurungswort : bey Gott'
(IVlbcli.) ; so hG. bigum (Beughaus).]
BEGUMMER(S, ml. Dor. Som. Dev. [bigB-mafr).]
An exclamation, or disguised oath. See Begum.
Dor. Roberts Hist. Lyme Regis (1834". Som. Begumrtiers,
I ont tell, Jennings Dial'. w.Eiig. (1869) ; W. S: J. Gl. (1873) ;
w.Som.' n.Dev. Begummers, us wur cort, Rock Jim an' h'ril
(1867) St. 68.
BEGUNK, sb. Sc. Cum. Also in form begink Abd. ;
begonk Cum ^ Cf. begowk.
1. A trick, disappointment, misfortune.
Sc. She maun hae met \vi' an unco sair begunk, Tammas
Bodkin (,1864) 92; If I havena gien Inch-grabbit and Jamie
Howie a bonnie begunk they ken themselves, Scott IVaverlev
(1814) Ixxi ; Here may we dread nae fause begunk, A. Scott
Poems (1808) 147 ; Heud Sngs. (1776). S. & Ork.' Abd. Some
nicht ye'U meet a sad an' sair begink, Gtiidman (1873) 32, ed.
1875. Lnk. Monk Has play'd the Rumple a right slee begunk
Ramsay Gentle Shep. (1725) 40, ed. 1783. Cum. Ah gat sec a
begonk when they oa brast oot . . . laughin at mch, Sargisson
Joe Seoaf! (1881) 95 ; Cmi.^ We gat a terrible begonk when we
fund 'at they wadn't gang on at o', 174.
2. The act of jilting.
Sc. Wha yields o'er soon fu' aft gets the begink, Morison
Poems (1790) 137 (Jam.).
BEGUNK, V. Sc. Irel. To cheat, deceive ; to jilt. See
Begeck.
Sc. Is there a lad . . . Whose sweetheart has bcgunked him,
Blachv. Mag. (Jan. 1821) 426i,Jam.); I'm clean begunk, Sbhth
Merry Bridal (1866) 11.
Hence Begiinked, />/>/. adj disappointed, cheated.
Cld. (Jam.), N.I.'
BEGY, int. Der. [bigai', baigai'.] An exclamation,
a disguised oath. See By Guy.
Der.' Bahy gahy\ ee wau r shaa'rp [By Guy, he wor sharp],
BEHAD, V. Sc. Yks. Also written behod. [biad.
bi-od.]
1. To 'hold,' stop, wait.
Abd. We'll behad a wee, Ross Hehnore (1768) 20, ed. 1812.
2. To hold, maintain, to hold as certain.
Sc. I'll behad he'll do it. I'll behad her she'll come (Jam.).
w.Yks.^ I'll behod him to du that. Thah may behod him fur owt
o' t'soart.
[Repr. the old n. pron. of ME. bihalden, OE. behealdait.
See Behold, i'.]
BEHAD, ppl. ad]. Nhp. [Not known to our other
correspondents,] Circumstanced.
Nhp.' 'You're sadly behad!' an expression of ironical com
miseration addressed to any one who magnifies trifling troubles.
\Be- + had, pp. of have\
BEHADDEN, pp. Sc. Irel. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Also written behaud'n Abd. ; behodden Cum.' Wiu.'
n.Yks.>* e.Yks.' m.Yks.' w.Yks. Lan.; behadin Ayr.
[bia dan, bi-o'dan.]
1. Held back, kept back.
Abd. She'll be mail stivvage and for docker meet If she
a toumon be bchadden yet, Ross llelenore (1768^ 20, ed. 1812.
2. Under personal obligation; indebted; obliged. Cf.
beholden.
Sc. And wad keep ye in bread without being bchadden to ony
ane,ScoiTO/rf A/o»/«W_y(i8i6) vi, S, & Ork.' Abd. Behaud'n till
'im for a biel' to pit their heid in. Alexander Johnny Gibb (1871)
xxvi. Ayr. Wlieelie, whom by the King's proclamation, we are
behadden to call Sir Andrew, Galt Sir A. IVylie (1821) xcviii ;
Sae grue at the thought of being bchadin to ane o' them, ib.
Lairas (1826) vi. Gall. Tliere was money a thing pitten doon to
ye that was behadden to the makkar, Crockett Bog-Afyrl/e {i8g$)
398. Uls. Thank guidness A'm no' behadden tae you, Ulster Jrn.
Areh. (1853'! I. 65. Cum. We thowt we wad larn fra theh adoot
bein behodden teh ooar parson, Sargisson Joe Seoa/i (1881)
122 ; Cnm.i Wm.' Ise fcarHy milch behodden tew yah. n.Yks.'
Ah's mickle behodden t'ye. Ah's scear; n.Yks.= Micklc behodden
te ye. ne.Yks.', e.Yks.', m.Yks.' w.Yks. I'm noan behodden
tul him, Saunterer's Satchel 1877) 40. Lan. I's hev to be be-
hodden to t'parish aither lor mccat or a coffin, ' Eavesdropper '
Vill. Ai/f(i869) pt. iii. 4J.
[Repr. ME. bihalden, pp. o( bihalden, to keep hold of.]
BEHAND, adv. Sc. In phr. to come well bchand, to
manage well.
Sc. He didna come weel bchand at rowing up a bairn, Perils
of Man, il. 248 rjAM.).
[Re for by (prep.) + hand.]
BEHAND, see Beyond.
BEHAPPEN,rt(/z'. StfWor.Shr. [bi-a'pan.] Perhaps,
possibly.
Str.2 Shan yer tak th' brindled cow to th' fair a Monday, mester? —
Behappen I shall, lad. w.Wor.' If yii canna staay now. behappen
you'll step in 1' the marnin'? Shr.' 'Beappen, s.iys Jack Dallow,'
is a sa3Mng current about Bridgnorth.
[Repr. ' it will or may behappen.' For the vb. cp. Scot.
Field (c. 1590) 2, in Chetham Soc. (1856J XXXVII, ' Care
him behappen ! ' Be- + hapj>en.\
BEHAVE, V. Not. Lin. Lei. War. Dev. Amei . [bi-e v ]
To behave properly, to conduct oneself well. Used
without reflex, pron.
Not' n.Lin.' ' Cum, behaave ! ' is a caution often given to ob-
streperous children. Lei.' ' I believe I am the rector of this
parish,' said a clergyman whose dignilj' had been somewhat
ruffled at a stormy meeting. 'Well then,' retorted the squire,
' why don't ye be'ave \ ' War.^ Hav'nt you been taught to be'ave ?
[U.S.A. Do behave now! Carruih Kansas Univ. Qiiar. ifici.
1892) I.]
Hence Behaviour, sb. good manners.
n.Lin.' You see she'd been laady's maaid to Miss , soa she'd
gotten to knaw bchaaviour as well as ony laady e' I.inki'sheere.
Dev. The grandmother who had . . . taught her to spin and to
sew and learnt her behaviour, O Neill Idylls (1892) 5.
[By manners I do not mean morals, but behaviour and
good-breeding, Addison Sped. 11711J No. 119.]
BEHEEMED, ppl. 'adj. Cor. [bilmd.] Sickly,
feeble.
Cor.' A poor bchcemcd cretur : Cor.*
BEHEIGH, adv. Der. Above.
Der. 2. nw.Der.'
[Be for by (^prtp.) + high.}
BEHIGHT, t'. Obs.} Yks. [Not known to our corre-
spondents] Past tense : named, designated.
n.Yks. 2 ' Wheea behight thee ? ' what is your name, or to whom
do you belong?
[Cp. Spenser's use : Thcj' bene all ladyes of the lake
behight, Sh. Kal. (15791 Apr. 120. In ML. the vb. meant
to promise. With an 00th he biliijte to jyue to hir, what
euere thing she liadde axid of hym, Wyclif (13881 Mall.
xiv. 7. ML. beliaten (behotenj, to promise, be + haten (OE.
hdtan, pt. hi^t ihehti.]
BEHIND, adv. and prep. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel.
and Eng.
1. Late, too late.
Sc. I fear I shall be behind, Seoti: (l^8^^ 14. Lnk. Follow as
fast's ye can, you'll be behin', Black Falls of Clyde \,i8o6; 175.
Suf. I K. H. 1
2. Of a watch : slow.
Sc. My watch is behind, Monthly Mag. (1798) 11. 437 ; Quite
common (A.W. ).
3. In arrears; sometimes with prep, ivith.
Sc. He was never behind with any that put their trust in him,
Walker Life of Pedeii 1 1727'! 38 'Jam.\ s.Ir. You're all behind,
Tim, like the cow's tail, Croker Leg. 1 1862 ; 304.
4. In phr. ( i ) behind and beyond, far awaj', in the distance ;
(2) behind God speed, at an out-of-the-way place ; (31 behind-
hand, in arrears with payment, in financial difficulties.
(i) Cum. J.Ar.) ^2i N.I.' (31 w.Yks. When he gat behind hand
and took to weaving folk were taken with his quiet pluck, .Skowden
Weaver (1896) vi.
BEHINT
[230]
BEING
BEHINT, odi'. and prep. All n. counties to Yks. Also
Chs. Der. Not. War. [bi-rnt.] Dial. pron. of ' behind.'
Cf. ahint (ahind).
Nhb.', Dur.', Cum.^ Wm. A strange form vanished behint a
windravv, Hutton Bran New Walk { 1785 1 1. 334 ; Wm.', n.Yks.' =,
ni.Yks.i w.Yks. A tail hung behint, Lucas Stttd. Nidderdale c.
1882 ; w.Yks.i26^ Cbs.i, Der.2, nw.Der.i, s.Not. (J.P.K.), War.
U R.W.)
BEHINTEN, /irf/). Yks. [bi-intan.] Behind.
e.Yks.l Hehodded[held]hishandsbehintenhim,il/S.arfrf. fT.H.)
[And yet she stood ful lowe and stille alloon, Bihinden
othere folk, Chaucer Tr. £^ Cr. i. 179. OE. be/midan.]
BEHITHER, aiiv. and prep. Yks. Suf Sus. Hmp. Som.
[bi-i tSaCr).] On this side.
n.Yks.2 ' Ivver seea far behither,' very far beyond this place.
Suf. Grose (1790); (P.R.) Sus. Ray (1691); (K.); Sus.i ;
Sus.2 The fifty-first milestone stands behither the village and the
fifty-second beyond. Hmp.' Som. W. & J. G/. (1873).
[Behither (obs.), on this side, Ash (1795) ; Cis, on this
side, behither. Coles (1679) ; I called at my cousin Evelyn's,
who has a very pretty seat in the forest, 2 miles behither
Cliefden, Evelyn Diary (1679) July 23; The Italian at
this day calleth the Frenchman, Dutch, English and all
other breed behither their niountaines Apennines, Tra-
montani, Puttenham Ari Eng. Poesie (1589) 210 (Nares).]
BEHO, see Boho.
BEHOLD, V. and sb. Sc. Irel. Som.
1. V. To view with watchfulness, scrutiny or jealousy.
Sc. (Jam.) n.Sc. I saw twanickums o' loons gang till the aipple
tree. I beheld them till they were jist at it, an syne I gya a goUie
at them, an they ran hke spottie wintin the tail (W.G.).
2. To experience.
w.Som. I did'n never behold no jis instance (F.T.E.^ ; w.Som.'
Nuvur daed n bee-oa-I noa jish stingk [(1) never experienced such
a stench]. Of all the rows I ever bee-oal that was the very wust.
3. In phr. behold you, and behold you of it, mark you, do
not overlook this point.
Ir. (G. M.H.) Dwn. I was talking about So-and-so when behold
ye who should I see but the man himself (T.P.W. ). Ldd. We had
just gone a short distance, when lo and behold you, we saw
another detachment of soldiers approaching (A.J.I. 1.
4. To take no notice of; to hold back. Cf behad.
n.Sc. He began's canglan again. I beheld him for a gueede
file, bit at the lenth an the lang rin I leet him a fornacket atween
the een (W.G.). Bnff. ' Behaud ye, till a'm reathy' [ready] is
common in Keith {ib.').
5. sb. In phr. lat be for behaud, take no step in a matter,
so long as the opposmg party keeps quiet.
n.Sc. (W.G.)
BEHOLDEN, pp. Irel. Yks. Lan. Stf Not. Lei. Nhp.
War. Glo. Brks. e.An. Ken. Hmp. Dor. Som. Also
written behoulden Wxf ; behalden n.Yks.' In phr.
to be beholden to, to be indebted to, under obligation to. Cf
behad den, 2.
s.Wxf. I had no mind to let my daughter be behoulden to you,
Hall Landlord Abroad, -j^. w.Yks. ^ ; w.Yks.* I'll not be beholden
to him. s.Lan. BamfordZ)iV?/. (1846) G/. Stf.', Not.', Lei.i Nhp.'
I won't be beholden to you. War.^, GIo.^ Brks.' I wunt be
behawlden to the likes o' thaay. Cmb.' I'll never be beholden to
the likes of her for a washtub. Suf.' Ken.' I wunt be beholden
[bihoa-ldun] to a Deal-clipper ; leastwaj-s, not if I knows it. s.Hmp.
'Tis no great hardship for me to be beholden to the child, Verney
L. Lisle (1870^ xxix. Dor. I don't like my children going and
making themselves beholden to strange kin, Hardy Tess (iSgi)
41, ed. 1895 Som. I ben't beliolden to you, not as I do know,
Raymond Love and Quiet Life (1894) 193.
[He is bounde or beholden unto me, ;'/ est oblige' a moy.
Cest a dire, teiiu, Baret (1580) ; I am beholden to you all
the dayes of m y ly fe, /« suis teitu a vous tons les jours de ma
vie, Palsgr. (1530).]
BEHOLDING, prp. Stf Lin. Lei. War. e.An. Som.
Under obligation to, indebted to. See Beholden.
n.Stf. As thoughtless as if you was beholding to nobody, Geo.
Eliot A. Rede (1859) I. 108. n.Lin.' I'm much beholding to you,
sir, for them sticks you've gin us. I'll not be beholding to you for
a farden. Lei.', War.^, e.An.^ w.Som.' Aa 1 aeu waun u mee
oa'un, un neet bee bee-oa Idcen tu noa'baudce [I'll have one of
my own, and not be under obligation to anybody].
Hence Beholdingness, sb. obligation.
w.Som.' Dhur id-n noa bce-oa"ldeenees een ut, uuls wee codn
ae'u-n [there is no obligation in it, or we would not have it — or
him].
[Beholding (a corrupted but authorized spelling, from
'beholden'), obliged, bound in gratitude: as, He was
beholding to fortune for the victory. Ash (1795) ; I am so
beholding to you, that I must never look to requite
so great kindness, Robertson Phras. (1693) ; I am
beholding to you For your sweet music this last night,
Shaks. Per. n. v. 25.]
BEHOPE, V. Stf Som. Dev. To hope.
Stf.2 Wean behopes aa'U come rc^t i'th end. w.Som.' Bee-oa 'p.
Dev. I do behope that I shall be able to get about again, Refnrts
Provinc. (1882) 9.
{Be-\hope?^
BEHOPES, sb. pi. Irel. Chs. Stf Shr. Som. [biops,
bi-o3'ps.] Hope, expectation ; freq. in phr. in good behopes.
N.I.' I saw him to day, and he has no behopes of bein' any
better. I had great behopes the day would be fine. s.Clis.'
Ahy)m i gild bi-oa-ps it)l kum [I'm i' good behopes it'll come].
Stf.2 Oi waz in gud bioups a mariin Meiri misel. Oi'm in behopes
as oi'U have a paind or two next wik. Slir.' I wuz in good
be'opes as I should a got theer afore the poor fellow died, but I
didna. w.Som.' I be in good behopes that we mid zee it [trade]
a little better arter a bit.
BEHOUNCED, //>/. rt<(?'. Ess. Sus. [Not known to our
correspondents.] "Tricked up, smartened, finely dressed.
Ess. Taken from a horse's bounces, which is that part of the
furniture of a carthorse which lies spread upon his collar, Ray
(^1691) : Ess.' Sus. Grose (1790) ; Ironically applied (K.).
[Behounced, tricked up, made fine, Bailey (1721). Be-
+ hounce (sb.), q.v.]
BEHOVE, V. Sc. Not.
1. To be obliged.
Sc. He behoved to dree his weird, Scott Guy M. (1815) Iv ;
Ye behoved to ride for it,r'6. Bride of Lam. (i8i9)vii ; We behove
to rejoice at it, Ramsay Reniin. (1859) 100.
2. impers. To be fitting, proper, required.
s Not. If anybody gives uz anything it behoves uz to have it
(J.P.K.).
[I, servant of God, bihove nat to chyde, Chaucer C. J.
I- 630.]
BEIGHT, see Bight.
BEIL{D, see Bield.
BEIN, see Bien.
BEING, sb. Sc. Irel. Yks. Lan. e.An. Sus. Also
written biein S. & Ork.* ; beein e.An.' Suf.' ; bee'un
Ess. [bi'-in.]
1. Livelihood, existence, condition, maintenance.
Fif. He has a good being. He has nae bein' ava [no visible means
of support] (Jam.). w.Yks. He's in good being, Hlfx. ]Vds.
Lan. I mun do summat fur a bein', Burnett Lowtie (1877) xvi.
Ess. I keep his house and he gives me my being. Trans. Arch.
Soc. (1863) II. 176. Sus. Why there, sir, it wasn't a livin', it was
only a bein', Egerton Fiks. and IVays (1884) 53.
2. A home, a dwelling-place, a lodging.
S. &Ork.', e.An.' Nrf. With the roses a covering our Beein',
Dickens Z>. Copperfeld (18501 Ixiii ; Cozens-Hardy Broad Nrf.
(18931 16. Suf. My bein is hinderwah [yonder] (F.H.); Suf.' If
I could but git a beein, I can fisherate for myself Ess. Ees, John
a bee'un foun' upon That cried up sput, Clark y. A'ooics (1839)
St. 15. Sus.' 2
3. Any wretched or unfortunate person. N.I.'
[I. No being for those that truely mene. But for such
as of guile maken gayne, Spenser Sh. Kal. (1579) Sept.
33. 2. A man that hath no setled being. Homo incerti
laris, Robertson Phras. (1693) ; It will be nothing for
them to give us a little being of our own, some small
tenement, out of their large possessions, Steele Consc.
Lovers (1722) III. i (N.E.D.). 3. A wit ... a species of
beings only heard of at the university, Johnson Rambler
(1751) No. 141.]
BEING, coiij. In gen. dial. use. [bi'-in.]
1. Since, seeing that, if; also sometimes with conj. as
or that.
Lan. Theaw con have it for a penny, bein' as theaw'rt an owd
chum, like, Brierlev Irhdale (1865) 138, ed. 1868. s.Stf. Being
BEING
[231]
BELD
as you're my pardner, I'll [show] you how, Murray Rainbow
Gold I 18861 296. Not.' n.Lin.' Bein' as yfi weant be back to
dinner you'd better tek sum bread an' chease wi' yC. Bein' she
can't abide back-bitin', I wunder she lets her tung run on as it
duz. sw.Lin.' Being he had a great family, and being he had been
ill. Being as no letter came. Rut.' Why shouldn't you use it,
being as it's yourn ? Lei. I didn't call to-day, being as I had to go
past to-morrow (C.E.) ; Lei.' Bein' as I couldn' goo mysen. War.
Being that (A.F. F. ) ; War.* w.Wor.' Bein' as 'e were so put about,
I didna like to do it to-daay. GIo. It be much talked about, . . .
being that your father was so much liked in the parish, Gissing
Vitl. Hampden (1890) I. i. e.An.' Nrf. And being as his clothes
is bad, I can't afford to buy him new 'uns, Spilling Molly Miggs
(1873I 96, 2nd ed. ; Nrf.' I could not meet you yesterday, being
I was ill in bed. Suf. She ain't like other girls, bein' her back's
not straight, Macmillaii s Mag. fSept. 1889)357. Ess. Being you
are going to have that mead for hay to-year, you had best shut it off
in March, Trans. Arch. Soc. (1863) II. 176. Wil. It will not kill
a chap being ye do laugh at him, Ellis Proniinc. (1889) V. 44 ;
Loq. a man frightened by a ' scorcher' on a bicycle : ' Bin as ever
you comes by agen like that, I'll have ee summoned' (E.H.G.);
Wil.' Bin as he don't go, I won't. Dor. I can't do it to-day, beens
1 must goo to town, Barnes Gl. (1863). Som. Swketman Win-
canlon Gl. (1885I. Dev. Being it is so, Grose (1790) MS. aJd.
(C.) ; But being that he is your cousin, of couise, Kingsley
Westward Ho! (1855) 114.
2. In phr. if so being as how, if, since.
e.An.'^ If so being as how you like my offer, it is a bargain.
Snf. (,F.H.)
[1. Being (not used by late writers), since, Ash
(1795) ; You may say you can do it, being (or seeing that)
indeed you are able to do it, qiiamlo quidem poles,
Robertson Phras. (1693) ; You loiter liere too long, being
you are to take soldiers up in counties as you go, Shaks.
2 Hen. IV, II. i. 199.]
BEING, see Bing.
BEIS, conj. Sc. Also written byes. In comparison
with ; in addition to. Cf. abeis.
Per. I am older beis you. There were twa others byes me
(G.W.). Fif., Lth. Ye're auld beis me. I was sober yesternicht
beis you (Jam.).
BEIT, see Beet.
BEJABERS,j«/. Irel. Yks. Also written by Jabers
w.Yks.* [bi-dgebaz.] A disguised oath.
Ir. Bejabers, you've got it now. Barlow Lisconncl (1895) 58.
w.Yks.2
BEJAN, sb. Sc. Also written bigent Fif. A first
year's student at a Scotch University.
Sc. Robert was straightway a Bejan or Yellow-beast (in Aberdeen\
Macdonald R. Falconer (1868) II. vi. Fif. Up from their mouldy
books and tasks had sprung Bigent and Magistrand to try the
game, Tennant y^Ms/^f (1812) xiv ; A student in the Greek class
in the Univs. of St. Andrews and Abd. (Jam.)
fThe first year the students at Edinburgh, who are
called Bajans, are taught only Greek, Chamberlayne St.
Gt. Brit. (1708) 441 (N.E D.). Fr. bejaiine, a novice ... or
young beginner in a trade, or art (Cotgr.) ; Payer son
bejaiine, to pay his welcom ; a fee exacted by scholars
of such as are newly admitted into their society (ib.).
Fr. bcjatme repr. becjaune, yellow beak, in allusion to young
birds.]
BEJAN, V. Fif (Jam.) To initiate a new reaper or
shearer in the harvest field by hfting him up by the
arms and legs and striking him down on a stone. Also
known as borsing. Cf bejan, sb.
BEJINGOED, pp. Obs. ? Dev. Also in form bejinged.
[Not known to our correspondents.] Crazy, out of one's
senses.
n.Dev. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Monthly Mag. (1808)
11.422.
BE JUGGLE, V. Cor. To bewitch.
■w.Cor. I don't know what's come over the children, they seemed
bejuggled (M.A.C.V Cor.^
[Be- + juggle (to play the juggler).]
BEKAY, s^-. Obs.l Nhp.' The jowl or lower jaw of
a pig.
BEKKLE, see Bauchle, v.
BEKNOW, V. Irel. Yks. Ess. Som. To know, under-
stand, acknowledge.
w.Som. ' Twuz wuul beenoa'd t-au'l dhu paa-recsh [it was well
understood by all the parish].
Hence (i ) Beknown, ppl. adj. noted, designated, known ;
(2) Beknownst, ppl. adj. known.
(r)n.Yks.2 Ess. Trans. Arch. Soe. (1863) II. i8a. (a) Ant
(W.HP.)
[I dar noght biknowe myn ovvne name, Chaucer C. T.
A. 1556 ; Ichaue ben couetous, quod this caityf, I be-
knowe hit heere, P. Plowman (c. 1362) (a.) v. 114.]
BEKOKIN, prp. Lan. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] Recommending.
Lan. Awm noan bekokin yoar trade, Scholes Tim GamwatlU
(18571 28.
[Be- + cock, vb. ; cp. the use of ' cock ' in the sense of to
brag, crow over. A young officer who gave symptoms
of cocking upon the company, Steele Sped. (1712) No.
422.]
BELACE, V. Nhp.' [biles.] To chastise with a strap.
[Belace, to beat, Ash (1795) ; To belace, the same as to
belabour, in low language, Bailey (1755). Be- -i- lace
(vb.), q.v.]
BELAGGED, ppl. adj Yks. Lin. Nhp.
1. Left behind, outstripped in walking.
n.Yks. Leeds Merc. Siippl. iScpt. 5, 1891). Nhp.' A person
walking by the side of another, and unable to keep pace, would
be quite belagged.
2. Tired out.
n.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. 'ib.) Nhp.'
3. Weighted with mud, muddied.
n.Lln. Used of garments, sheep's wool,&c. "Her sket edge was
all belagg'd (M.P.) ; n.Lin.' I was that belagged wi' pickin' taaties
I could hardlins get hoam.
[1. Belagged (a low word), left behind, Ash (1795) ; so
Kersey (1715). 2. Belagged, tired, Ash (1795). 3.
Belagged, Madidalus, Coles (1679), so Prompt. ; Bilagged
wit swirling, esclale, Biblesw. (c. 1300) in Wright's i'oc.
(1857) 173.]
BELANGINGS, sb. pi. Yks. [bilaqinz.] Relatives,
family connexions.
n.Yks.2 e.Yks.i
BELANTERED, ppl. ad;. Yks. Also in forms belan-
tren'd, -lantern'd in. Yks.'' [bila ntsd.] Behind time,
belated, benighted. See Lantered.
n.Yks.' 2 ne.Yks.' In rare use. m.Yks.'
BELATE, V. Ken. Dor. (?) To hinder, make late.
Ken.' I must be off, or I shall get belated. Dor. It belated me.
Hardy Tess (,1891) xxxiv. [Not known to our correspondents.]
BELAY, V. Pem. To fall upon with blows, to lame.
s.Pem. A dog came after me, an' i was savage, but I belaid 'n
(•W.M.M.V
BELCH, sb. and v. Nhb. Yks. Lin. [belt/.]
1. sb. A rapid discharge of gas in a pit.
N.Cy.', Nhb.'
2. Small beer. Cf. balderdash.
w. Yks. Oiso/. (M.A.); w.Yks.' Small beer, the cause of eructation.
3. Worthless or obscene conversation. n.Lin.'
4. V. To drink copiously.
n.Yks. Deean't belch se mitch watther (T.S. 1.
[2. Belch, the act of belching. In droll language, malt
liquor, Ash (1795).]
BELCHE, sb. Glo. [beltj.] A line used in salmon-
fishing in the Severn. Cf balch.
Glo.' The belche is used to pull the net over to the place of
landing, and by this process shuts up the mouth of the net, and
encloses any fish swimming within the bag of the net as it floats
down stream (s. v. Debut).
BELCHING, ppl. adj Rut. [be'ltjin.] Bragging,
boasting; like an empty windbag.
Rut.' But 1 doant think nowt to what he say : he's a belching
sort of a man.
BELD, fl^. and V. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Also in form bell, in
comp. ; belli Bnf ' [beld.]
1. adj Bald.
Sc. Tho' thin thy locks, and beld thy brow, Rem. Nilhsdale Sng.
47 (Jam.) ; Yon auld beld, clear-headed man, Djckson Auld Mm.
BELDER
[232]
BELIKE
(1892) 88. Bnff.i Ayr. Now yuur brow is beld, John, Burns
John Aitdcrson.
Hence BeUtness, sb. baldness.
Bnff.' ^ ,
2. Coinp. (1) Bell-duck, (2) -kite, the coot, Fiijica aha ;
a protuberant body ; also a term of reproach ; (3) -poot,
the coot ; {4) -pow, a bald head.
(i) Nhb.i (2) Sc. SwAiNsoN Birds (1885) 178. m.Yks.' Thou
little bellkite, get out o' t'road. w.Yks.' tsNlib.' (41 Edb.
A straught tall old man, with a shining bell-pow, Mom Mamie
Waiidi (1828 1 i.
3. V. To make bald ; to become bald.
Bnff.i
[1. To make belde, decaluere, Cath. Aiigl. (1483). 2. (2)
Busardis and beld cyttes, Holland Hou!ale(c. 1450) HI. i
(Jam.). See Bald, adj. 4.]
BELDER, V. and sb. Irel. Cum. Wm. Yks, Lan. Chs.
Der. Not. Lin. Nhp. War. Bdf. Also written beldher
e.Yks.i [beldar, beld3(r).]
1. V. Of persons, esp. children : to cry noisily, roar ; to
shout. Cf bell.
Cum. The lasses they beldered out ' Man thysel. Jemmy,' Ander-
son Ballads led. 1815) 100. Wm.' n.Yks.' What's yon lad
beldering sae for? — Wheea, he's laitin' his broother ! Whisht! ,
bairn, whisht ! thoo's beldering like's thah leg wur brussen ;
n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.i Noo, what's la belderin at \ e.Yks. Thoo
beldhers for newt, thoo bessy babs, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889)
52; e.Yks.i, m.Yks.i w.Yks. (J.T.) ; (C.W.H.) ; Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (Dec. 27, 1890') ; w.Yks.'^s Lan.' Make less noise, mon ;
it'll do thi no good to belder loike that, n Lan.', ne.Lan.', Chs.',
Der.2, nw.Der.' Not. As soon as j'ou was gone, he begun to
belder (L.C.M.) ; (J.H.B.) s.Not. What's that young beggar
belderin at now ? ( J.P.K ) Not.'^ Lin. Streatfeild /.!». nurf
Danes (1884) 316. n.Lin. Th' bairns thaay begun to belder,
Peacock Tales and Rhvnies (1886) 131 ; n.Lin.' What are ta
belderin' e' that how fer? sw.Lin.' Don't belder about so. I should
not begin to belder such a tale about. Nhp.', War.^ Bdf.
Batchelor Anal. Eiig. Lang. (1809;.
2. Of cattle : to bellow.
n.Yks.' What's thae kye beldering that gate for ? w.Yks. Up
cums a bull, belderin' an roarin' like a lion, Tom Treddlehoyle
Bairns/a Ann. (1855) 27. s.Chs.' Children are accustomed to call
to a bull, ' Bil-i, Bill Bel dur, sukt dhil ky'aayz eldur ' [Billy, Billy
Belder, Sucked the cai's elder].
Hence (i) Belderer, sb. a roarer ; {2) Beldering, vbl. sb.
a resounding cry ; the bellowing of a bull ; (3) Beldering,
pp/. adj. roaring, noisy ; (4) Belderment, sb. a loud
continuous crying or shouting.
(IJ w.Yks.', NUp.' (2i Ir. Stop that brat's belderin' (A.S.P.V
Yks. Hamilton A^H^n^i.//. (,1841) 360. n.'S'ks.', e.Yks.' w.Yks.s
An unceasing cry, as the beldering of a peevish child ; and the
beldering of a juvenile, who makes the streets resound with the
name of a comrade at a distance whose ear he would catch.
Chs.' 3 Not.' Stop that beldering. (3) e.Yks. Nicholson Flk-Sp.
(1889) ; e.Yks.' Ah nivver heeard sike a beldherin bayn i' all mi
booan days. (41 n.Yks.' A belderment may be made by one
child crying loudly and purposely, or by a party of children at
their play, and raising their voices altogether, especially in make-
believe crying or singing.
3. sb. A loud noise.
Not. What a belder there was among 'em, HooTON Bilberry
Thniland (1836). Not.' Houd yer belder !
[Cogn. w. bell (OE. bellaii), to roar, with freq. suff. -er,
and the common insertion of rfbetw. /and r.\
BELDER-, see Bilder-.
BELE, sb. Obs. Lin.' [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] Bad conduct.
BELEAGERS, plir. Peni. In phr. all bcleagers, at
leisure, slowly and carefully. See Leagers.
Pern. Carry it all beliegers (G.E.D.) ; In common use. A was
gwayin all beleagers, an' 1 soon caught 'n. John does his jobs by-
leagers iW.M.M.).
BELEEMY, int. Lan. Der. Stf Also written belemme
nw.Der.'; belemmy Der.' [bilemi, bill mi.] Believe me !
Lan. Monthly Mag. (1815) 1. 127. e.Lan.' Der.' Bi^laem-i,
Bileemi. Der., Stf. (J. K.)
BELEFT, V. Ken. Sur. Sus. [bileft.] pp. oi believe.
Ken. I, P.M.); Ken.' I couldn't have beleft it; Ken.* Sur.'
I never could have beleft he would have bested us so (.s.v. Best).
Sus.' I never should have beleft that he'd have gone on belvering
and swearing about as he did.
[And scarse is he beleft. relating his owne misery, May
Ltican (1627) viiL 20 ( N.E.D.). Cp. the Kentish text Ayeii-
bite (1340) 151: Wei beleue is huanne me beleffi simple-
liche a! \&. god made. OE. (ge]lefye)d, pp. of Mercian
geli'fan {WS. gelie/iin), to believe.]
BELEN'T, />/>/. rtfl)'. Cum. Of horses: broken-winded.
Cum. In common use (J. P.).
BELFRY, sb. Not. Lin. Som. [belfri.]
1. A shed made of wood, sticks, furze, or straw.
Lin. A temporary shed for a cart or waggon in the fields or by
the road side, having an upright post at each of the four corners,
and coveredatthe top with straw, &c. (Hall.) n.Lin. Waggon-shed
without roof, but covered by a corn rick, Morton Cyclo. Agric.
(1863) ; n.Lin.' In the Inventory of John Nevill, of Faldingworth,
taken in 1590, occurs ' the belfrey with other wood xx'.' A com-
plaint was made to a Lindsey justice of the peace, sitting at Win-
terton in 1873, that the belfry of . . . was ruinous and hable to
fall on passers by.
2. A rick stand or 'staddle.'
Not.* The stone pillars which form the supports for the foundation
of stacks; also called bandriffs. sw.Lin.' 'They stacked the oats on
the new belfry.
3. The room or basement in a tower, from which the
bells are rung.
w.Soni.' The name is not applied to the tower, nor to the room
in which the bells are hung. I know several instances in which
the ropes pass through the ceilings of the belfry [buulfree] and
the clock-chamber above it, to the bells hung in the upper story
[bell-chamber] of the tower.
[3. This basement in the tower where the ringers stood
was also used (i) as a place where the poor sat, and (2)
sometimes as a schoolroom, (i) A poor woman in the
belfry hath as good authority to offer up this sacrifice, as
hath the bishop in h\a pontijicalibits, Latimer S'fn». (1549)
L 167 (Dav.). (2) Gauden {Tears of the Ch. (1659) 253)
speaks of ' teaching school in a belfry ' as a means of
livelihood for a deprived minister (Dav.).]
BELGE, V. Pem. Som. Also written belg Som.
[beldg.] To cry aloud, to bellow.
s.Pem. Laws Little Eng. (1888) 419; 'Whose cow is that an
belging! (W.M.M.) Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825);
W. & I. Gl. U873).
[Prob. a form of belloiv (OE. bylgian). For the pron.
cp. Barge, sb.^]
BELIKE, s6. Suf. A person who is the object of affec-
tion or liking.
Suf. He'll never be one of my belikes (F.H.').
BELIKE, adv. and adj. Sc. Ire!. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan.
Stf Der. Not. Lin. Nhp. War. Shr. Glo. Brks. e.An. Also
Som. Dev. Also in form belikes Dev.
1. adv. Perhaps, probably, may be ; surely. See Like,
Behappen.
Fif. She laugh'd and nodded courteously her head. Belike to
clear away my doubt and awe, Tennant Anster (1812) 135, ed.
1871. Gall. An' ne'er thocht belike o' saying cheep, Crockett
Smtbonnet (1895I iv. Ir. ' But whot, sor, is the raisin iv the dipres-
shin?' . . . 'Bad weather belike,' replied the farmer, McNulty
Misther O' Ryan (1894) xiv ; Mrs. M'Gurk belike 'ud be wishful to
see them comin' along. Barlow i<'«0HHf/(i895) 11. n.Cy. Grose
(1790); N.Cy.' Nhb.' Ye'U be gannin' hyem noo belike ? Cum.
Belike t en t'father's deed, Linton Silken Thread (1880) 261 ; Cum.'
Yks. A've found a way where belike it's not so well fenced, Gaskell
Syi'/(Hi863) II. ix. n.Yks.'; n.Yks.2 Belike it may rain. ne.Yks.'
Belike it may fair up. m.Yks.' w.Yks *; w.Yks.^Du yuh think it's
bown to weet a bit to daay, missis? — Belike enniff, maaster. Lan.
Thou'rt lyin', belike, Waugh Hermit Cobbler, v ; It is never so be-
like, A'. 6- Q. (1880) 6th S. i. 195; Nay by th' mons he— never
beloike, shurely, Staton Rivals (1888) 11; Lan.' Thae'rt not
gooin' yet belike! ne.Lan.' n.Stf. Belike we may bring him
roundagain,GEo.ELioT^..S<-a'f (1859) I. 75. Stf.'* Der.' ; Der.*
Aye, beloike. nw.Der.' Not. Belike you 'ull [perhaps you will]
(L.C.M.). Lin. Sweet-arts! Molly belike may 'alighted to-night
upo' one, Tennyson Spinsters Sweet-arts (1885). n.Lin.' Belike I
maay, but I doiin't gie noa promise. Nhp.' Will you go to the
fair?— Belike I shall ; Nhp.* Belike you 'ull. War.*; -War.a Be-
like as I shall. Shr.' Glo. ' I scarce thought to see your face
again.' ' Belike you didn't want to,' is the quick reply, Buckman
BELIKED
[233]
BELKUPPING
Darke's Sojourn (1890"! 36; Bayi.is lilus. Dial. (iS^oX Brks *
Now ut raaliis a wunt come belike. e.An.* Belike we may have
snow. I hear Mr. A. is to be married.— Aye, so belike ; e An ^
w.Som.' Geod nai't-ee ; beekiyk yiie'ul km daewn dhan [good
night to you ; probablyj'ou will come down then]. In the dialect this
word is the commonest form. Dev. Bowking Lang, in Trans.
Dcv. Assoc. (1866) I. 27 ; He's a 'igh-stummicked chap, 'e is ; 'e
aimeth tii gert thengs, an' belikes 'ell git um, tu, HEWtrrPias. Sp.
(1892) 46; Dcv.' [K.]
2. adj. Probable, likely.
Lnk. Tliat story's no belike (Jaji.).
[1. Belike, probably, perhaps, Asu (1795) ; Here's your
kinsman Perry, belike you won't come and give him
welcome, Smollett /-"(T. Pickle (1751) xiii; Belike, it is very
likely, ita pittaliir, Robertson Pliras.{^(x)2) ; Tlioscaethe-
rial spirits have other worlds to reign in, belike, Burton
Ana/. Me/. (1621) ed. 1896, I. 216 ; Belike, boy, then, you
are in love, Shaks. 7"zt'o Gen/. 11. i. 85. 2. Belike, I'eri-
ia/i consoniis, ven'siini/is, Coles (1679) ; Delilce rcpr. by like,
i. e. by what is likely.]
BELIKED, ppl. adj. Yks. Oxf. Beloved, liked.
e.Yks. Highly bcliked an rispectcd bi all, Nicholson Flh-.Sp.
(1889) 38. Oxf.' Um bee much biluuykt ['Em be much belikedj.
[Those that are beloued and belyked of prynces, North
Guevara (1557) 403 (N.E.D.). Be- + like, vb.]
BELIKELY, adv. Nhb. Likely.
Nhb.' .^n emphatic use of the word: 'Are ye gannin ! ' 'Not
belikcly.'
BeLiVE, adv. Sc. Nhb. Cum. \Vm. Yks. Lan. Der.
Also written believe Nhb. ; belife (K.) ; belyveSc. Nhb.'
Cum.' [bilaiv.]
1. Quickly, speedily.
Sc. The rascals had ondune him Belyve that day, Skinner Sngs.
(1809I 8. Gall. Though sune the frosts o' auld age belyve nip us,
Harpek Bards : 1889) 43. NUb. At morn rise belive, Richardson
Bordfrer s Table'b/2. (1846) VI. 230.
2. Immediately, soon ; presently, by-and-by.
Sc. ' Belyve is twa hours and a half,' Prov. A jocular allusion
to the fact that if a person says he will be back, or done with any-
thing 'belifve,' . . . the probability is he will be longer than e.\-
pected, HisLop Prov. 55 ; 'Is the place distant ? ' said Morton.
' Nearly a mile off. . . . We'll be there belive,' Scott O/d Morta/dy
(18161 xlii ; Ye'll be back belive, ib. Mid/otldau (1818) xxiv; And
hey! belive The midden-hive Rushed out, Drummond Miicko-
)»acA_y ( 1 846) 32. Abd. Ye please me now, well mat 3*e thrive,
Gin ye her cudduni, I'll be right belyve, Ross Helenore U768) 42,
ed. 1812; I'm thinkin' 'twill be fair belyve, Goodivife (1867) st.
46. Frf, The Horner also waved his bonnet, But wished bely\'e
he hadna dune it, Beattie Andid (c. 1820; 13, ed. 1882. Ayr.
The tacks and leases were belyve to fall in, Galt Provost (1822)
I. iv ; Yet, an he's sparret he'll be able belyve to do something for
himsel', ib. En/ad {iSz;^: ii ; Belyve. the elder bairns come drapping
in. Burns Cotter's Sat. Niglit (17851; Till a' their weel-swall'd
kytes. belwe. Are bent like drums, ib. To a Haggis. Lth. Btlyve
frae Poortith's gloomy deeps He made a famous clearance, SfliiTH
Merry Bridal (i866) 206; The maister found it out bel3've,
Strathesk More Bits (ed. 1885) 36. Rxb. Back she returns again
belyve, A. Sco7t/'o<'»is (1808) 39. Dmf. His father gartthem flee
for fear and sculk belyve, Mayne Siller Gun ''1808; 82. n.Cy. On
hearing a statement too complex to be intelligible, he would exclaim,
' Six and seven, and twice eleven. And four fifteen and five ; Put
down seven and take out eleven. And tell me that belive,' N. & Q.
(1869) 4th S. iv. 500 ; N.Cy.' 2 Nhb.' Aa'll be there belive. ' To
make them all merry belyve,' 5;;^. The Hare Skin; 'Aboot the
bush, Willy, I'll meet thee belyve,' Sng. Aboot the Bush. Cum.
We'll leave off talking of Christie Grscme And talk of him belive,
Gilpin Ballads (1866) 466; Cum.' Aa'l pay thee belyve. Wni.
Belive a man com ridin up tew em, Wheeler Dial. (1790) 9, ed.
1821 ; Wm.' n.Yks. It will be frost belive, Mlriton Praise Ale
(1684) I. 40; Here will be thy awd sweet-heart here belive, ib.
I. 266 ; n.Yks.2 I'll come belive ; n.Yks.^ w.Yks. Hutton Tour to
Caves (1781) ; w.Yks.' As soon as ivver he gits haam, belive, I'll
nifle 'cm fray him, ii. 299; w.Yks.'' Lan. Aw intend to a.x hur to
be Missis l\Ioudywarp belive iv nowt appens amiss, Ferguson
Dick Moudywarp, 17 ; Lan.', ne.Lan.' Der. When it rains a little
and the shower is likely to encrease, they say, ' It spits now ; it
will spew belive,* Grose 1 179O' MS. add. \V:\ ; Der.' 'Tis common
to use it for a put-off, when they never design to do a thing at all ;
Der.2, nw.Der.'
VOL. I.
3. In the evening.
Yks. (v. I n.Yks.' Ah'llgan an' rook thae peats belive. There'll
be a service at 'chapel belive. e.Yks. Marshall Rur. Econ.
,1788. w.Yks. Watson //ii7 Hlf.x. (1775) 533; Now obs. I do
not hear of the word having been used here in tlic more common
sense of quickly, soon, Ill/.r. ll'ds. ; w.Yks.*
[1. The fame of this triumphe he gan spreid belive,
Douglas Eneados (1513) cd. 1874, il 229 ; pan Alexander
be-liue all a-boute j>e cite, Makis foure thousand with
flanes & bowis, IVarsAle.x. (c. 1450J 2209 ; pa ifarcn hafden
biliuc, La;amon (c. 1205) 13995. 2. Twenty swarm of
bees, Whilk all tlie summer hum about the hive. And bring
me wax and honey in bilive, Jonson Sad Sliepli. (1637) 11. i.
Biluie for ME. bi life, lit. with life or liveliness.]
BELK, aA.' Yks. Lan. Cor. Also written bilk m.Yks.'
[balk.] A belch, eructation. See Belk, v}
n.Yks.', ne. Yks.', m.Yks.'. ne.Lan.', Cor.^
BELK, sb.'^ Yks. Not. Lin. [belk.]
1. A heavy fall or blow. Cf. belch, telper.
Not. He went with a belk J.H.B.\ s Not. I come down with a
fine belk off of the wall J.P.K.V Lin. As I was a-crossing the beck,
'twas so slape, down I coomed with sich a belk. A'. (^ O. < 1885)
3rd S. vii. 31. e.Lin. When doun he come wi' such a belk. Brown
Lit. Laiir. (1890) 49. n Lin.' Th' chimley pot blew off wi' such an a
belk, I thoht noht bud that it wo'd ha' cum'd thrilTth' roof. sw.Lin.'
2. Fig. Condition of mind or body. Cf ^^a useof ' bat.'
m.Yks.' ' In great belk,' in a robust state ol health. ' He's in
great belk about it,' in great spirits.
BELK, v.^ Nhb. Uur. Cum. \Vm. Yks. Lan. Der. Lin.
Also Som. Dev. Cor. [belk.l To belch, to eructate.
N.Cy.', Nhb.', Dur.', Cum.' Wm. K. 1 ; 'Yan bclks when yan's
fu, and when yau's empty,' said a little girl in Coleridge's presence,
Coleridge To Southcv 1 1801 1 in Lettirs, 363, cd. 1895 ; Wm.',
n.Yks.'=3, ne.Yks.', e.Yks.', m.Yks.' w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Siippl.
vSept. 12, 1891I ; w.Yks.'^, ne Lan.' Der. Grose ingol MS.
add. vP.) ; Der.2, nw.Der.', n.Lin.' Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
w.Soin.' n.Dev. Grose 117901 MS. add. (H.) Cor,"2
Hence phr. helkin full, full to repletion.
n.Yks. lI.W.), e.Yks.', n.Lan.'
[To belke, riicto, Baret (1580) ; To belke, nictare. Ca/li.
Angl. (1483) ; In slewthe then thai S3'n . . . To belke thai
begyn, Ton'iieley Myst. (c. 1450) 314. OE. bealciait.]
BELK, 1/.2 "Wm. Yks. Lan. Not. Lin. Written bUk
m.Yks.' [belk.] To throw down or strike heavily ; to
thump. Cf belk, sb.'
w.Yks. Ha discovered a man belkin' his awn sen wi a horse-
whip, Yks. Comet (1844^ 35. Not. To throw down with force
(J.H B.^. s.Not. Ah'll belk yer when ah cop ycr J.P.K.\
Hence (1) Belker, sb. anything very large of its kind ;
cf banger ; (2) Belking, vbl. sb. a beating ; (3) Belking,
/>//. adj. unwieldy, large.
{ I) n.Yks. (T.S.) ne.Yks.' It war a reg'lar belker. (2' n.Yks.
(T.S.) s.Not. Ah gen 'im a good belkin afore ah letted 'im goo
(J.P.K.\ (3' Wm. Theear wcs skooars. an skooars ... a girt
belkan ships, 5/>ff. /5/«/. 1885 21. m.Yks.' w.Yks. He was a big
belkin chap I'M.N.). n.Lan.' A belkin fellow. n.Lin. A gret belkin'
pulks,she duz noht bud auvcii aboot the daaythrif M P. ; n.Lin.'
A great belkin' chap like that, scarcelin's fit for onything bntl to
cat taaties oot'n th' road. Niver mind if ther' wasn't a gret belkin'
pig ligged e' frunt o' th' fire.
BELK, V.3 Yks. Not. Lin. e.An. [belk.]
1. To lounge idly ; to bask in the sun. Cf. beek, v.
m.Yks.' I saw a hag- worm, out of the dike, belking in the lane.
Not.^ ' Belking in the sun,' used gen. of large animals, n Ln.' That
thcare olid dog's alus a belkin' i' th' sun noo. Doant lig belkin'
theiire. Bill, but get u]) an' mind thy wark. e.An.', Nrf.'
Hence Balking,///, adj. lounging, lying lazily.
sw.Lin.' He's a great idle belking beast.
2. To roll over, fall down.
sw.Lin.' The old pig bclks down, directly you tub it. Huntsman
has a pig bclks down like yon.
BELKS, sb. pt. Bwk. Nhb. The stems of seaweed,
formerly used by kelp makers.
Bwk., Nhb.' The stems of laminaria locally named bclks, or
wassal, Hodgson Buk. Nat. Club Trans. 1892 XIV. 115,
BELKUPPING, vbl. sb. Cor. Hiccupping.
w.Cor. iM.A.C.)
[A contam. of belk, vb.', with hiccupping.}
II h
BELL
[234]
BELL
BELL, sb} Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Of
things sliaped like a bell.
1. A bell-shaped hat-crown. Chs.^
2. The top of a hill ; a knoll.
Sc. Bell of the brae (Jam.\
3. The blossom of a plant; the ear of oats. _
Sc. (Jam.) Ayr. How 'twas a towmond auld, sin' Lint was i'
the beW, BvR^S Col/er's Sal. Niglil (l^S5''■ Nhp.i Hrt. About the
latter part of July hops are in bell or blossom, Ellis Mod. Hiisb.
(1750) V. i.
4. In pi. the Fuchsia plant.
Chs.>3
5. The covering to a blast-furnace. Also altrib. as in
bell-men.
■ [The covering receiving so many barrows full of material for
making iron and then lowered by means of a lever. As the apex
of a kiln is smaller than the base, the material slides off the bell
into the furnace, the bell being raised by another lever into position
to receive another load. The materials are so lowered to prevent
too great an escape of the gas, which is utilised for other purposes,
CI. Lab. (1894).]
6. In phr. bells go rotten.
Slang. [At Winchester School] the peal of bells which rang for
a quarter of an hour before chapel was on ordinary days a double
bell for the first ten, and a single bell for the last five, minutes.
On Sundays, saints' days, &c., a single deep-toned bell rang for the
first five minutes, three strokes at a time, with an interval following
each three. This was called ' Bells go rotten,' S.hadwell Wykeliatn.
S/n"^ (i859-i864>.
■ 7. Comp. (i) Bell-bastard ; (2) -chamber, the upper
part of a church tower in which the bells are hung; (3)
-crank, see below ; (4) -horse, the leader of a string of
pack-horses, or of a team ; also fig. a person who takes
the lead ; (5) -hour, meal-time at a factory ; (6) -house,
a church tower, a belfry ; (7) -jessy, a top-hat ; (8)
. -knelling, the funeral toll ; (9) -man, tiie town crier ; (10)
•metal, (11) -money, see below; (12) -nag, see bell-
horse ; (13) -oil, a good thrashing ; (14) -oven, see below ;
(15) -pit, a pit sunk where the mine lies very near the
surface; (16) -ringer, the long-tailed titmouse, Acredida
rosea; (17) -ropes, see below; (18) -soller, the loft on
which ringers stand ; (19) -warning, notice by sound of
tiic bell ; (20) -waver, to fluctuate, waver, vacillate ; (21)
•wether, a fretful child ; a gossiping woman ; (22) -woman,
a fishing-town crier.
( 1 1 Pem. The illegitimate child of a woman who is herself
illegitimate is styled by the vulgar in Haverfordwest a bell-
bastard, N. & O. (1856) and S. ii. 487. (2) n.Lin.', w.Sora.> (3)
•Nhb., Dur. Bell crank, a triangular frame of iron or wood, used for
changing the motion from the horizontal to the perpendicular,
Greenwell Coal Tr. CI. (1849^ (4) Wm. Gangs of pack-horses,
each of which were preceded by a bell-horse, Goucn Manners
■(1847) 34. Yks. The mode of transit was ^«;. by the pack-horse.
Long strings of them would sometimes pass over hill and dale
along the very narrow bridle roads, the first carrying a bell, ... a
custom which has given rise to the itoiiiiiwy we sometimes hear
from the mouths of children now-a-days, Yks. Mag. {i&-}a) II. 184.
n.Yks.* ' As proud as a bell-horse' was a saying arising from the
animal's supposed consciousness of his advanced position. w.Yks.
The following couplet may be heard sung by children in Bradtord:
' Bell horses, bell-horses, what time o' t'day ? One o'clock, two
o'clock, gallop away ' fS.K.C.i ; w.Yks.^; w.Yks.^ A familiar title
bestowed on any one in the position of leader of a party, lit. or fig.
Chs.' Children running races are often started by this rhyme :
' Bell-horses, bell-horses, what time o' day ? One o'clock, two
o'clock, three and away.' Shr.' OA.s. The sound of the bell served
as a guide to the others along the dark, winding roads which they
traversed, while laden with charcoal or other produce. As late as
1840 or thereabouts — perhaps later still — strings of pack-horses
might have been seen. Hrf. At Ledbury, children sing the rhyme,
■' Bell horses,' &c., N. & Q. ( 1875 1 5th S. iv. 408. w.Som.i Formerly
it was common, and even now it is sometimes seen, that the leader
carries a board with four or five bells hung under it, attached to
his collar by two irons: these irons hold the bells high above the
horse's shoulders. The bells, v^'hich are good-sized and loud-
sounding, are hidden trom sight by a fringe of very bright red,
yellow, and green woollen tassels ; as the horse moves the jangle
is almost deafening. Dev. [The rhyme 'Bell-horses'] was sung
by the ' starter' when a number of children ran races, the pronun-
ciation of the last word ' away ' being the signal for the start,
A'. &^ Q. (1875) 5th S. iv. 521. [A term used by workmen to
express very vigorous men employed by a builder or sub-contractor
in the bricklaying industry to do more than the ordinary amount of
work, in order, it is alleged, that the empIo3-ers may have some
grounds for dismissing men who do not work up to this level, CI.
Lab. (i894\] (5I m.Lan.* (6) Fif. In his bell-house David
Barclay Ne'er flourished his tow mair starkly, Tennant Papistry
(1827) 48. n.Yks.i2 ne.Yks.i The word applies to that part of
the lower story of a tower opening into the nave, as well as
to the part containing the bells. T'childer awlus used ti sit i
t'bell'us. ni.Yks.'. w.Yks.^ Chs. The complaint of a boy crying
out for his brother, there struck [by lightning] in the bell-house,
Nevjcoue A iilob. (1652) 311. n.Ln.i The room, whether on the
ground floor or otherwise, where the ringers stand when they
ring the church bells. (7) nw.Dev.i (8) n.Yks.2 (g) w.Yks.^s
Chs.t At Knutsford the bellman wears a uniform ; and at the
end of his announcement always adds, ' God save the Queen,
and the Lord of this Manor.' n.Li.a.i (10) Cor.^ A brass pot or
crock used for boiling fruits for preserves or jams. (11) Sc. At a
wedding, the bo3'S and girls of the neighbourhood assemble in front
of the house, calling out ' Bell money, bell money, shabby waddin,
shabby waddin, canna spare a bawbee.' Money is then given,
N. & Q. (1855) ist S. xi. 175. [Cf. ban-money.] (12) Wm.i
(13) Stf.' (14) n.Lin.i A vessel of iron, somewhat like a flat-
topped bell, with a handle at the top. used for baking cakes.
The hearth where the wood or turf fire had burnt was swept
clean, the cakes laid upon the sole, the bell-oven inverted over
them and covered with hot ashes. Obsol. or obs. (15) Nhb.' A
bell-pit is worked away in every direction round the bottom of
the shaft like a bell. (16) Kcb. Swainson Birds (1885) 32. (17)
Cum.^ During the period required for the publication of banns, a
couple are said fig. to be ' hingin' in t'bell-ropes.' We're hingin' i't
bell reaps — to t'parson I've toak't, 39. nw.Der.' [See Hang.]
(18) e.An.i, Nrf.i (19) n.Yks.^ Obs. A bell sounded at night to
guide travellers to the hospitium (s.v. Wost-house). (20) Sc.
His wits have gone bell-wavering by the road, Scott Monaslciy
(1820) vii. (21) w.Yks. Used of one who cannot refrain from
spreading a report (J.N.L.) ; w.Yks.l Bell wedder. se.Wcr.'
Bell-wether, a crying child (primarily the wether-sheep which
carried the bell). (22) n.Yks.^ Going from house to house, the
bell-woman opened the door, rung her bell in the entrance, and
then made her announcement.
8. Coiiip. in plant-names : (i) Bell-bind, Convolvulus
arveiisis (Cmb. Nrf. Ess.) ; also C. sepiinn (Suf. Ess.) ; (2)
•bottle, Scilla nutans (Bck.) ; (3) •heath, -heather, the
cross-leaved heath, Erica fctrali.x (Hmp.) ; (4) -ling, the
fine-leaved heath, E. cinerea (n.Yks.) ; (5) -rose, the
daffodil. Narcissus pseudo-narcissus (Som.) ; (6) -thistle,
Carduus lanccolalus (Yks. War.) ; (7) -ware, (8) -weed,
the seaweed, Fucus vcsiculosus ; (9) -wind, Convolvulus
arvensis (Bck.) ; C. sepium (Bck. Sur.).
(i) Suf. (C.T.) (3) Hmp. Wise New Forest (1883) 280 ; Hmp.>
(5) Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873V w.Som.i Commonest name for the
daflbdil. I knows a orciiet a covered wi they there bell-roses.
(,7) w.Sc. Also called kelp-ware (jAM.SnppL). (8) Cai. Bell-ware,
which grows about low-water mark, is firm and fibry, with many
hollow balls on its leaves, ylgn'c. Stirv. Cai. 182 (Jam.). (9) Sur.*
Called also Wircweed, Milk-maid, and Old Man's Nightcap.
BELL, V.'- Yks. Lan. Der. Not. Lin. Nhp. Wor. Shr.
1. To shout out, cry, roar. Cf. belder.
w.Yks. Just as t'niissis wor beginnin' to bell aht, CuDWOKTII
Sketelies { 1884) 16 ; It made Ruth bell aht like a elifant wit' tooith
wark, Dewsbre Ohn. (1878) 9; w.Yks.'; w.Yks.^ Wot are ta
bellin at, lad ? w.Yks. ' Bell'd an' roar'd like a barn 'at he wor.
Lan. He did bell un roar when he seed th' livid face uv his defunct
nefTy, Staton Loontiiiaiy (c. 1861) 120 ; Lan.^ Then th' battril
coom, on whether it lawmt [lamed] th' barn ot wur ith' keather
[cradle] I know naw, for 1 lal't it rooaring an belling, TiM Bobbin
/Ffo. (1750) 66. e.Lan.', Der.2, nw.Der.' s.Not. As soon as 'e felt
the weight of my fist, 'e Ijegun to bell (J.P. K.). sw.Lin.' She did
bell out all the way home. Nhp.^ s.Wor. Porso.n Qiiatiit ll'ds.
(1875); (U.K.)
Hence Belling, ppl. adj. noisy, roaring.
w.Yks. Mako' less o' thy bellin din (D.L.).
2. Of animals: to bellow, roar.
Lan. Tlie tigers did so bell, Wilsons Sags. (cd. 1865) 20. Shr.'
Applied to cattle. Not common.
3. To cough hoarsely.
w.Yks. Shoo wor bellin all t'day long (C.E.F.).
BELL
[235]
BELLOCK
Hence Belling:, vb!. sb. noisy crying or shouting.
w.Yks. The common plir. is ' Belling and roarinp; ' 1 J.T. ; w.Yks.^
He bccom — — roopy \vi' bellin an roarin, ii. 288. Shr.^ "Stop
your belling,' as the impatient sometimes say to children.
[2. Bcllyn or lowyn as ncttc. iiiiigio, Prompt, pe wer-
wolf. . . went to him euene bcilj-ng as a bole, Win. of Pal.
(c. 1350I 1891. OE. billaii, to roar.]
BELL, i^.^ Cor. Of a sore: to tlirob, be inflamed. Cf.
beal.
Cor.'^' Christ was of a virgin horn, And he was prick'd by a thorn.
And it did never bell nor swell. As I trust in Jesus this never will,'
charm for cure of prick of a thorn, MS. aitd. ; Cor.^ Still in use
in w.Cor.
BELL, sb? and v? Sc. Lin. Won
1. sb. A bubble ; a drop of water.
Sc. Saip-belIs(jAM.) ; The feast o' yestreen how it oozes through
In bell and blab on his burly brow, Thom Rhymes (,1844) 72.
n.Lln.i
2. A small watery blister.
s.Wor. His legs be covered witli bells [or bales] o' water, which
keep breaking (H.K.) ; s.Wor. ^
3. V. To bubble.
Sc. When the scum turns blue. And the blood bells through,
Perils of Man, II. 44 iJam.\ n.Lin.i ' It bells, it bells, it bubbles
i' th' dike,' is a child's exclamation on seeing the large bubbles
formed in water by violent rain.
[1. A belle in he water, bulla, titinor lalicis, Ca(li. Augl.
(1483)-]
BELL, v.* Nhp.i Of oats : to be in ear.
BELL, f .5 Obs. Der.'' To distribute ale. Hence Beller,
sb. one who pours out or hands round ale. [Not known
to our correspondents.]
BELLACES, sb. pi. Yks. [be'losiz.] The tongues of
lace-up quarter-boots. Cf. bellas-cap. m.Yks.*
Hence (11 Bellased, adj. of boots : having the tongues
sewn to the uppers ; (2J Bellasing, sb. waterproof
frontage of shoes.
(i) e.Yks. The rustic clothes his feet and legs in bellus'd becats
and leggings (J.N.) ; Bob's getten a pair o' bellas'd becats,
Nicholson M--S/). (1889) 8g; e.Yks. »./l/5. add. (T.H.) (a) n.Yks.
Whether will you hev bellusin' or watterlaps to your shoes ?
(I.W.)
BELLAN, sb. and v. Wm. Yks. Der. Stf. Shr. Also
in form belland Wm.* n.Yks.* Der. ; bellund Der.*
[be-l3n(d).]
1. sb. The dust of lead ore.
Wm.' Der. Mawe Mineral. (1802); Marshall Review (1814)
IV. 113.
2. A kind of colic, in man or animals, caused by
swallowing particles of lead ore.
Wm.', w.Yks.- Der.* Used at Ashover Peak Forest, and other
mining districts. Der., Stf. (J.K.) Shr. Called also water-spar,
q. v. (G.F.J.)
3. V. To poison.
w.Yks. (H.F.S.) ; ' I'se bellaned, sir,' said Robin — ■ puzzomcd !
I've itten a soap baw for cocolate, Dixon Craven Dales (1881)
443. Der. Marshall Review (1814) IV. 113.
BELLANED, ppl. adj. Cum. Yks. Der. Also in form
bellanded Der.* nw.Der.'; bellunded Den' [beland,
bo'lsndad.]
1. Of men or animals : poisoned by particles of lead ore.
w.Yks. Lucas Stud. Nidderdalc (c. 1882); (S.H.B.) Der.'*,
nw.Der.*
2. Afflicted with asthma, esp. as the result of lead-
poisoning.
Cum. Commonly used of a broken-winded horse (J. P.). Yks.
Bclland, or blown in thelungs, Knowlson Cattle Doelor {iS^^") 41.
w.Yks.' I wor seea out o' wind at I wheez'd gin 1 wor bcllon'd,
ii. 287.
BELLART, sb. Obs. Lan. Chs. Also written bellot
Chs.' The man who had charge of the bull at a bull-
baiting.
Lan. A pasel o' bcllorts, and bull-beatink chaps. Walker
Plebeian Pol. (1796) 8, ed. 1801. Chs.'
BELLAS, V. Lin. Also written bcllus n.Lin.'
[be'las.] To shout loudly. Of' oxen: to low.
n.Lia. Bellas out, Sutton IFds. (i88i) ; n.Lin.'
BELLAS(ES. see Bellows.
BELLAS-CAP, «/;. Uls. Yks. Also in form bellosed-.
A boy's cap, bordered or adorned with lacc. Cf bellaces.
w.Yks. r them days lads like me ware bellascaps wi' tassils on,
CuDWORTH SJiele/:es (1884) 15 ; A ed t.^ dof mi belos-kap [I had to
doflT my bellas-cap], Wright Grant. H'nd/ill. ^1892) 198 ; Mi grand
bellosed cap, ' Bill Hoylus' Poems (18671 21. cd. 1891.
BELLCONY, sb. e.Lan.' The bell-tower of a mill.
[Not known to our correspondents.]
(Rcpr. lit. E. Ixilcoitv. assoc. in sense with bell.]
BELLCOOM. sb. 'Bdf. Grease from tiie wheels of
church bells. Cf bletcli, coom.
Bdf. It is believed that ' bellcoom ' is a sovereign cure for
shingles (I.W.B.i.
BELLDO, tH/. s.Pem. [beldii.] Dear me ! Well !
s.Pem. BcUdo ! yea don' mean to say so ! Bclldu ! I never saw
sooch a thing afore! iW. M.M.)
BELLER, V. Obs. Sc. To bubble up (Jam.). Hence
BelleTin, ppl. adj.
Fif. A . . . belicrin' bubble made o' fiaith, Tennant Pajisliy
(1827) 29.
BELLER, see Bilder.
BELL-FLO'WER, sb. fi) Any plant of the campanula
famil}' (Chs. Lin.) ; (2) the daffodil. Narcissus pscudo-itar-
cissus (Dor. Som.).
(i) Chs.' 3, n.Lin.' (2) w.Dor. (C. V.G ) ; Called • Daffidowndilly '
in other parts of Dor,, Mansel-Pleyiiell llura (,1874). Som.
Jennings Obs. Dial. tv.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. GL (1873) ; Also
called bell-rose, A', d^ Q. ,1877) 5th S. viii. 358.
BELLIBORION, iZi. O/w. .' e.An. A variety of apple.
[Not known to our correspondents.] e.An.', Nrf
BELLICIS, see Bellows.
BELLICON, sb. Obsul. Sc. Cum. Wm. Also in form
belky Cum.'
1. An obese person or animal ; a glutton.
N.Cy.' Cum. Freq. used a few years ago (,J.C.) ; Cum.', Wm.
(O.K.)
2. A blustering fellow. Ayr. (Jam.)
BELLIS(E, v. Yks. Shn Glo. Sus. Dev. Also written
billus Sus.' ; billiz- Dev. [be'las, belis.]
1. To beat, flog. See Baleise.
w.Yks. Banks ll'tjld. Il'ds > i865\ Shr.', Sus.'
Hence Billizing, vbl. sb. a thrashing, buffeting.
Dev. Give him a good billizing, Reports Provinc. (i£82) 9.
2. To drive, disturb.
Dev. They | ralibits] be too much a-bcllis'd about vor to vind
many "bout here. Reports Provinc. (1893).
3. To bustle about.
Glo. (H.S.H.-)
BELLMAN-SUCKER, sb. Obsol. Yks. A beating
administered to one sent on an April-fool's errand.
w.Yks. iM F.) ; Dyer Dial. (1891) 79-
BELLOCK, '.'. and sb. Sc. Wm. Yks. Chs. Stf. Der
Lei. Nhp. WanWon Shn Hrf Glo. Brks. Bdf Sus. limp.
■Wil. Also written bellacks.Chs.'; bellick .Sus.'; btlloch
Sc. ; belluck sc.Won' ; beluk Hdf [be'lak]
1. V. Of persons, esp. children : to cry loudly, to roar.
Cf belder, bell.
L'h. Grizzie, sour hizzie. . . . 'i'elloch'd an' belloch'd Like roarin'
Bull o' Bashan, S.mitii Merry Bn'dal (,1866) 19. s.Clis.' s.Stf.
Now goo'n bcUock an' raise the wol parish iTP-")- Stf.", Der.*,
nw.Dir.', Lei.' Nhp.' 'Why do you stand bcllocking there ?
War.* ; War.^ When the master thrashed him he bellock'd like
a bull. w.Wor.', se.Wor.' Shr.' We maden 'im g06 to school,
'is faither an' mc, an' 'e bcllocked .all the road .is 'c went. Hrf.'
Glo. Baylis Jlliis. Dial. (1870) ; Glo.'= Brks.' When I wolloped
un' a bcllocked zo 'c med year'n a mild awaay. Bdf. Batciielor
Anal. Eng. Lang. (1809). Sus.' It wasn't at all fiUing that he
should call me over, and bellick about house same as he did
(s.v. Fitting). Hmp. Bellock lik' a bull (^J.R.W.) ; Hmp.' Wil.
Britton Heaulies (1825) ; Wil.'
2. Of cattle : to low, roar.
Lth. The Crummic bellochs back, an' f^iin Wad break her tether
Strang, Smith Merry Bridal (,1866) 17. Hrf.' A cow that has lost
her callbcllocks.
Hence (i) Bellocker, -sA. anything very large of its
kind; cf. belderer; 12) Bellocking, vbl. sb. the lowing of
cattle; (3) Bellocking,///. adj. very large.
11 h 2
BELLOWS
[236]
BELLY
(i) m.Yks.l (2' Shr.l 'Ark the cow bellockin' ; 'er wants 'er
cauve, see 'ow 'or elder's pounded, poor thing. Hrf.=, Hmp.i
(3) n.Yks. (I.W.\ ni.Yks.i
3. To complain, to grumble. Wil.'
4. To eat greedily, to devour.
Wm., w.Yks. He bellocked his dinner as fast as he could
(B.K.). m.Yks.i
Hence Bellocker, sb. a greedy person.
Wm., w.Yks. A gurt brussen bellocker (B.K.).
5. sb. A, loud cry, roar.
s.Chs.i 60 did oapn aayt un faach- iip u bel uk [hoo did open ait
an' fatch up a bellack] ( s.v. Open aiti.
[Perh. a contam. of belloiv with biiHock.]
BELLOWS, sb. Irel. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Nhp.
War. Won Glo. Brks. Som. Dev. Cor. Amer. Also in
forms ballaces Chs.M ballis Lan.; ballises w.Yks.;
bellases Nhb.' w.Yks.= ; bellis w.Som.' ; billees Cor.'
[belas.]
1. Used as sing, with indef. art. : a pair of bellows.
Cor. A billies, slmmy, es a queer thing, And a new waun es
a dear thing, Tregellas Tales uSes) 78; Cor.' A bellows,
facetiously called the Cornish organ ; Cor.^
2. Hence, double />/. Bellowses.
Ant. ( W.H.P.), Nhb.i, Wm.i w.Yks. So long as iwer theare's
a leit ov wind left it bellases, Dcwshrc Oliii. (18651 8 ; A'm like
a pair of bellowses wi' t'wind out, Gaskell Sylvia (1863) I. v;
Lcetls Merc. Siippl. (July 25, 1891^ ; w.Yks.2 Bellases or bellices,
bellows for an iron" forge. Chs.', War.2 Glo. I want a pair o'
belhises, Gissing Vill. Hampden (1890) II. vii. Brks.' w.Som.i
A blacksmith of my acquaintance always speaks of his biil-eesez.
This form is quite common. It is thought very unlucky to put
the bellows on the table ; many a housewife would be horrified
at the sight. Dev. A few years ago might be seen in Exeter,
on a signboard : ' Here lives a man what dont refuse To mend
umbrellases, bellowses, boots and shoes,' Elwortiiy Gl. [Amer.
Farmer.]
3. Comp. BalHs-leather, tough leather used for the sides
of a pair of bellows.
Lan. That ballis-leather face of his went like as if it had bin newly-
damped for stretchin', Brierlev Ab-o'lli-Yate Yanketland (1885)
iii ; It'll be bad times wi' th' worms when they getten howd o'
yo', beaut they can mak' a dinner off booans and ballis leather, ib.
JiedH'md. (18681 15.
4. Used humorously of the lungs. In gen. use as slang.
Lan. My ballis are gettin' done, Brierley Layiock (1864) v.
Glo.' To be took bad in the bellers. Brks.' Som. Unless yer likes
bawlin' to four walls to exercise yer bellers, Palmer Mr. Triieman
(1895)96. Slang. Life B. M. Carew (1791) ; Farmer. [Amer.
His bellowses is sound enough, Lowell Biglow (1848) I. 23 (/6.).]
5. Fig.'m phr. lo give bellows to mend. Of persons orthings :
to make a sharp attack upon, to beat soundly.
Lan. Aw've bin lungin' for a sheep's yed, un aw'll give it ballis
to mend neaw aw have getten it, Wood Sketches, i6 ; (S.W.) s.Lan.
(F.E.T.)
6. Comp. Ballispipe, the windpipe.
Lan. Yo'n had it [a ■ tally-ho ! '] as loud as me owd ballis-pipe
ud give it, Brierlev H'averlow (1863) i. e.Lan.i
7. In phr. (i) Bel/oivs to mend, out of breath, exhausted ;
(2) as dark as bellows ; (3J old rose and blow (or burn) the
bellows, see below.
(i) Glo. A lot on 'em [horses] wur cryin' ' Bellis to mend,' Roger
Plotviitaii, 14. Slang. For half a mile the pace was severe, and it
was • bellows to mend ' with some of us, Davies School Field-club
(1881) xxxvi. (2) e.Yks. Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889I ; (R.S.)
ni.Yks.' (3) Nhp.' 'To sing old rose and burn the bellows'
indicates rejoicing over the termination of a long and troublesome
job. ne.Wor. 'That's all '' old roseand blow the bellows, The wind
blew the pump up",' would be said sarcastically in reply to an in-
credible story. Obsol. (J.W.P.)
[1. Thou . . . like a bellows swell's! thy face, Dryden
Persius (c. 1700), Sat. v (Johnson). 2. Twenty bellowses
in all he had, Hobbes Iliad (1676) xviii. 427 (N.E.U.).]
BELLOWS, V. Yks. Not. Glo. Oxf I.W. Dev. Cor.
Also written bellas e.Yks.' ; bellus Glo.' Oxf.' ; billus
I.W.' [belas.]
1. To breathe hard ; to be out of breath.
w.Yks. As I wor fairly bcllust I iumpt ower a wall inta a wood-
yard, Fiidsry Uhit. (1883) 20. I.W.'
Hence (i) Bellowsed, ppl. adj. exhausted, out of breath ;
(2) Bellowser, sb. a violent blow or hard task which takes
away one's breath ; also fig. ; (3) Bellowsing, vbl. sb.
panting or exhaustion after running.
(i) e.Yks.' (2) w.Yks.^ A crowner in the way of argument,
a 'decided hit'; 'a good say,' knocking the wind out of your
antagonist. Cor.^ Billizer, a hard task. (3) LW.* Coming up that
shoot ded gimme a billusen.
2. To walk hurriedly, to go panting along.
Not.3, Glo.' Oxf.i I sin 'er a-bellusin' along, MS. add. n.Dev.
What's 'a billizin along so for then !
BELL-PENNY, sb. Obsol. Sc. Money saved for
paying one's funeral expenses.
Sc. Used at Aberbrothick Jam.). Abd. Only used by very old
people ( H.E.F.).
BELL-RAG, see Ballyrag.
BELLTINKER, sb. and v. Yks. Lan. [be-ltir)k3(r).]
1. sb. In phr. to give or promise belllinker. Of persons :
to give a good thrashing, or occas. a scolding. Of things :
to do anything thoroughly, in good style.
e.Yks. Ah'd ha' gi'n him bell-tinker an paddy-whack sauce,
Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889, 41 ; e.Yks.' Ah'll gie tha bell-tinker if
thoo disn't mind what thoo's aboot. w.Yks. Aw hardly like to
disturb it, an them pooltices give it belltinker. Hartley Clock
Aim. (1896) 56. Lan. Hoo'd prommis im bell-tinker furst toime
hoo cud ley hand on im, Scholes Tim Gamiratlle (1857) 4 ; Gan
him belltinker wi th' noose end of a weight-rope, Brierley /)a;sjv
Nook (1859 i 44 ; Aw ra\-ther flatter mysel uz we did it i' grand
style. . . Astheysayn i'Bowton, we gien it belltinker, /?o66yS/(H/^fr,
48. e.Lan.' ' Give him bcltinker ' means pay him the beggar's
portion. m.Lan.'
2. V. To beat, thrash.
w.Yks.'' To bell-tinker a boy.
BELLUM, sb. Sc. Nhb. [belam.] A blast; force,
impetus.
Lth. (Jam.) Nhb.i Turning the corner, I met a great bellum of
wind.
BELLUND, see Bellan.
BELLUS'D, see Bellaces.
BELL-WAVER, sb. Obsol. or obs. Sc. To ramble,
waver; aXso fg. (Jam.) Hence Bell-wavering, vbl. sb.
fluttering ; rambling.
Sc. I doubt me, his wits have gone a bellwavering, Scott
Monastery (1820) vii ; When ye war no liken tae come back, we
thought ye war a' gane a bellwaverin, St. Patrick (1819) I. 165
(Jam.). Lnk. A piece of cloth, hung up to be dried, is said to be
bellwavering in the wind ('*.)•
BELLY, sb. Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Written
bally Cum.' e.Lan.' Chs.'" Stf.= nw.Den' Shr.' Lbeli,
ball.]
1. A litter of pigs or of rabbits.
w.Yks. I told him that he might have another belly of rabbits
(S.O.A.). Chs.i We speak of the little pigs themselves as a 'bally
of pigs'; in speakingof the sow we should say ' how many bailies
has 00 had ? ' Chs.23, s.Chs.' Stf.= They sen as 'ow farmer
Biggs 'as gotten a sow as 'as 'ad thirten i' one bally. s.Wor. (H.K.)
Shr.i I shall keep that sow on, 'er brought ten pigs the first bally
an' twelve the next.
2. Of bacon : a flitch.
Stf.2
3. The widest part of a mineral vein.
Wm.i Shr. The lead is met with in bellies of ore, that is a small
string leads often to a body of ore about four or five yards in
diameter, Marshall Review (1818) II. 197.
4. Comp. (i) Belly-ache, to complain fretfully; (2)
•aching, fretful, complaining; (3) -brussen, distended,
ruptured; (4) -button, the navel; (5) -can, see below; (6)
•courage, boasting, brag ; (7) -cruds, ' beestings,' q.v. ;
(8) -dright, as much as can be drunk at one breath ; (9)
-flap, flat on the stomach ; (10) -flapper, a blow given by
falling flat on the water in diving ; (11) -fret, querulous
complaint; (12) -god, (13) -gourdon, (14) -gulch, a glutton;
(15) -gulp, hiccup; (16) -gut, a glutton ; (17) -harm, the
colic ; (18) -kite, one who eats unwholesome things ; (19)
•man, a glutton ; (20) -muck, refuse, rubbish ; (21 1 -naked,
entirely naked ; (22) -nipple, the navel ; (23) -part, (24)
-piece, bacon from the abdomen of a pig ; (25) -proud,
BELLY
[237]
BELLY-VENGEANCE
fastidious with rcgnrd to food ; (26) -rack, an act of gor-
mandizing; (27) -rim, -rine, the lower part of the abdomen ;
(28) -room, sec below ; (29) -segged, dropsical ; (30)
•stend, (31) -stick, a stick used by butchers to keep open
the sides of a slaughtered animal; (32) -thraw, colic; (33)
•tie, see below; (34) -watch, a sensation of hunger; (35)
-wiring, colic. See also Belly-flaught, -ful, -timber,
•vengeance, -wark.
(i) w.Dor. (C.V.G.) [Amer., N.Y. Employes bellyache at being
over^vo^ked, or when they fancy themselves underfed, &c. , N.Y.
Times (Dec. 18, 1881) i^FarmerX] (2) w.Dor. A sort of belly-
aching woman (C.V.G.). (3) n.Yks.=, Lei.' {4 le.Yks.^ MS. acU.
(T.H.I w.Yks. (S.K.C.) ; w.Yks.^ Chs.i (5) Gmg. In Merthyr
Tydfil local ingenuity has invented a macliine known as a * belly-
can.' By this means liquor may be conveyed from the pubhc
house, outside the skin [to evade the provisions of the Welsh
Sunday Closing Act], 5(7<. ./?mof (1889) 311, col. i. [Atin vessel,
not unlike a saddle in shape, for carrying beer, Farmer.] (6) n.Lin.'
(7) Cum.' (8iLan. Three let-dcawns makken one swig; three
swigs one bally-droight, Brierley Red ]Vind. (1868) 37. e.Lan.'
(9 Nhb. But just as he gat in a bit of a splutter. Sum chaps dang
him doon belly-tlap i' the gutter, Marshall Sngs. (1819") 9;
Anuthor thump torns us owor belly-llap on mi fyece, Ciiater
TyHCside Aim. \ 1869) 32. (10) Nhb.' (i i) Suf. He is on the belly-
fret (F.H.). (12) Not.' w.Som.' I calls he a proper belly-god ; all
he do lookarter is stuffinhis ugly guts. (13) Fif. (Jam.) ( 14) Glo.
They be growing desperd bad, and all through that belly-gulch
Robert Ordway. Gissing Both of this Parish (1889) I. 34. (15)
Cor.3 (16) Bnff.i ( 17) Dev. Grose (1790) A/5, arfrf. (C. ) n.Dev.
Joe . . . Went wi' tha belly harm away. Rock Jim an^ Nell ^18671
St. 103. Dev.^ (18) Cum.' (19) e.Lan.' (20) w.Yks. Pills,
boalusses. an' all sich belly-muck, Yks. Comet (sB^^') r. (21) n.Lin.'
(22) Cmb.' (23) w.Som.; (24) w.Yks.', Chs.', n.Lin.', Oxf.'
MS. add. (25) s.Chs.' Oo)z bin- fed'n upu sich- graan'd stiif i
dhcm taayn aayzn, dhun 6o)z got-n baal'i-praaj'd, un wu)nu
look ut)th meet uz dhi ce-tn uvvom' [Hoo's bin fedden upo' sich
grand stuff i' them tain haisen, than ( = till) hoo's gotten ballj--
praid, an' wunna look at th' meat as they eaten a-wom]. Stf.*
'Ave a bit o' supper wi' us, we'n ony bread and cheese, but the
artna very bally-praid, oi know. War.^ Shr.' 'E wuz welly
clemmed wen 'e come to me, an' now 'c's got ballyproud. (26)
Lnk. (Jam.) (27) Nhb.' The rim of the belly is said to be broken
when its muscles are lacerated or violently sprained. ' He's
brust his belly-rim.' Cum.' (28) Stf.° 'To find bally-room for ' is
a common expression. Oi wudnsr foind bali-rDum for such
swil. (29) n.Yks.2 Also in form belly-swagg'd. (30) Nhb.' (31)
Chs.' (32) s.Sc. (Jam.) (33) w.Som.' Belly-tie, the strap be-
longing to the harness which passes under the horse's belly. There
are always two ; one to fasten on the saddle, and the other to
prevent the shafts from rising. Called elsewhere 'wanty' — i.e.
womb-tie. (34) w.Yks. It's about nooin [dinner-time] by my belly-
watch (S.P.U.). (35) Cum. (E.W.P.)
5. Phr. (i) Belly go lake thee, take thy fill, indulge thy
appetite ; (2) to eat the calf in the cow's belly.
(i) w.Yks.' (2) w.Som.' A very common bucolic saying, ex-
pressive of what is called * discounting' in commercial talk, is
' Ai'teen dhu kyaaw een dhu kaewz buul-ee.'
BELLY, V. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Stf Der. Shr. Glo. Som.
Written bally Stf.^ nw.Der.' Shr.' [beli, ba'li.]
1. To swell out; to grow corpulent ; to bulge out.
Nlib.' n.Yks. (I.W.) Stf.^ Cum. mcster. the't ballyin, I S5 ;
the must do a bit o' work. nw.Der.' Shr. Bound Pmv. (1876) ;
Shr.' 'E use' to be as thin as a red yerrin ; but faith, 'e bailies
well sence 'c went to the paas'ns. Glo.'' Som. That like a girt
haay mow hes carkus bellied out, ' Agrikler ' Rhymes (1872) 29.
2. To eat or drink voraciously ; to cram with food.
Bnff.' Abd. To belly one's self o' water (Jam.).
[1. To belly, to belly out, to grow fat, to jut forth, Bailey
(1721) ; The milk-white canvass bellying as they blow,
Pope Iliad (1718) i. 626 ; We flatter ourselves that, while
we creep on the ground, we belly into melons, IBurke
Con: (1772) I. 381 (N.E.D.).]
BELLY-FLAUGHT, adv. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Also
in form -flauts Nhb.'; -flought N.Cy.'; -flowght Dur.
1. Headlong, stretched flat; face downward. Cfflaucht-
bred.
Sc. They met ; an' afTscour'd for their fraught . . . Nor stapt —
till heath flew, bellie-flaught, I' the pool, Nicol Poems { 180^) I.
31 i^Ja.m.). Lnk. The bauld good-wife of Braitli, Arm'd wi' a great
kail-gully. Came belly-flaught, Ramsay Ji'ks. (cd. 1800) I. 260
(lA.;. Gall. F,iain' bcllyflaught on the water like a paddock,
t'ROCKFTT Raiders 1894 xv. Kcb. Fell bcllyflaught on Doctor
John, Davidson 5cn50»s 1789") 91. N Cy.' Nhb.' The fashion
of moimting a bare-backed horse. ' He gat on belly-flauts.' Dur.
He fell belly-flowght on t'grund, Ecclestone Belly Fodkin's Lett.
(1877) 13.
Hence Belly-flaughtered, ppl. adj. thrown flat on the
ground.
Cum. (E.W.P.)
2. Phr. to flay belly-flaus^ht, to draw the skin over the
head, as in skinning a rabbit.
Sc. (Jam.) Bnff.' Abd. Flay him belly-flaught, his skin wad
mak' a gallant tulchin for you, Forbes Jrn. (1742 \ 13.
BELLYFUL, sb. In gen. dial. use. Fig. a sufficient
quantity ; a repletion.
Nhb. Enjoyin' all a bellyfull Of laughin', at ma stories rare,
Wilson Pitman s Pay (1843) 57 ; Nhb.' Ye'll get a bellj'full on him
afore he's deun taakin', noo. Wm. We sat down on a cauld steane
an' grat sare ; but when we hcd bed our belly-full o' greeting we
gat up, an felt better for't, Southey Knitters c Dent ( 1848 . Not.'
n.Lin.' He's gotten his belly-full this time, said of any person
who has been completely beaten. sw.Lin.' He's g'cn him his
belly-ful. War.^ w.Wor.' Many's the time I've sot in that
chapel an' cried my bellyful. se.Wor.', Oxf.' MS. add. Ess. Yet
feed them and cram them til purse doe lack chinke. No spoonc
meat, no bellifull, labourers thinke, Tusser Hiisbandrie 1 1580)
loi, St. 27. Ken. If you come near me I'll give you a bellyful.
I don't want any more, I've got a bellyful (D.W.L.).
[But let him bang his belly-full, Pd bear it all for
Sally, Carey Sally in our Alley (c. 1713) ; A belly-full,
satielas. A belly full's a belly full, Coi.es (1679) ; Rumble
thy bellyful ! Spit, fire ! spout, rain ! Siiaks. A'. Lear, 111.
ii. 14 ; I have destroyed my bely full, Coverdale (1535)
Esek. xxvi. 2.]
BELLY-TIMBER, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Der. Lin. Lei. War. Also Som. Dev. Cor. Also written
•timmer Nhb.' Cum.' Wm.' w.Yks.' ne.Lan.' ; -tember
Cor. Food, provisions.
Fif. Tammie Pethrie's wrackit mare Had . . . chang'd her cam-
stanc foraskair O' belly-timber sweet, TENNANTPn/'fS/o'(i827) 115.
Gall. Them that gaes linking thorough the moss-haggs and the
muirs . . . has need o' some sleeve belly-timber, Crockett Raiders
(1894) xvi. Nhb. This was the kind o' bcll3' timmer For myekin'
pitmen Strang and tuirt", Wilson Pitman's Pay 1843 1 58 ; Nhb.',
Cum.' Wm. Ther's nowt like belly-timber for keeping t'back up
(B. K.); Ye that er careful for nought but progging for belly-
timber, HuTTON Bran New Wark (1785) 1. 412; Wm.' Jocular
expression. Tha leeaks as iv tha was short a belly-timmcr.
n.Yks.'*, m.Yks.' w.Yks. T'landlord o't Cock Inn iz a capable
man, an he provided a deacent lot o' belly-timber, Pogmoor Olm.
(1895) 40; Ham an tongue, pidgeon pics an is-verything else at
wor good, i t'shap o belly timber, Tom Treddlehovle Bairnsia
Ann. (I859^40 ; w.Yks.' = , ne.Lan.', nw.Der.', n.Lin.', Lei.'.War.**
w.Som.' Kau'm soa-us ! ed-n ut tuym vur t-ae-u sum buul'ee-
tiimur? [come mates I is it not time to have some victuals?]
Well, 1 calls it very purty belly tim'er ; I wish I midn never meet
way no wisser. Dev. She has been to the shop for some belly-
timber, a'.7"iH;f5 (Mar. 5, 18861 2, col. a. nw.Dev.' Cor. That's
the plaace for bclly-tember, Tim. ToiCAVr (1873 9.1; Cor.*
[Belly-timber (used only in low or droll style), materials
to support the belly, food, Asn (1795) ; Here is no solid
belly-timber in this country, Smollett Count Fathom
(1754) cd. 1800, IV. 113; Belly-timber or belly-chear, abdo-
viinis voluptates, Rohertson Phras. (1693); Belly-timber,
belly-cheer, cibaria, Coles (1679) ; Annona cara est, corne
is at a high price, victuals are deare, belly timber is hard
to come by, Bernard Terence (1629) 73; Carrelure de
ventre, meat, belly-timber, belly-cheer, Cotgr.]
BELLY -VENGEANCE, sb. Win. Yks. Chs. Lin. War.
Shr. 0,\f Ess. Wil. Cor. Also written -wengins Ess.'
1. Sour drink, csp. very weak, sour beer. Also used
atlrib.
Wm.' w.Yks. Pay fourpence for a gl.iss o' bclly-vengcance.
Hartley Ditties (c. 1873) 108; w.Yks.' Weak, sour beer, of
which he that gets the most, gets the worst share. Chs.' Sour
beer would be stigmatised as ' rcg'lar ballj'-vengeance.' n.Lin.',
Lei.', War.2 Shr.' Pretty 'arrOOst drink, indeed ! w'y it inna-da
BELLY-WARK
[238]
BELT
bit better nor bellv-vengeance ; Shr.2 Ox!.^ MS. aM. Ess.i Wil.
The ordinary drink of the house being beer of the very smallest
description, real ' belly-vengeance,' as Mr. Jacob termed it. Aker-
MAN Ta/es (1853) 40; Wil.i Also used of very inferior cider.
Cor. Sich sour belly vengeance beer, when we cud git any,
Tregellas Talcs i 1865' 66.
2. Stomach-ache, resulting from drinking anything sour.
s.Chs.i It)l gy'i.dhi dhu baal i ven-juns [It'll gie thee the bally-
vengeance].
BELLY-WARK, sb. Nhb. Dur. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf. Der. Lin. Also in the forms -waak e.Yks.' ; -wahk
e.Yks. ; -warch Chs.' Stf.^; -wartch Lan.; -werch
m.Lan.' ; -work Wm.' n.Lin.' [-wak, -wat/.]
1. Gripes, colic. Aho/ig. See Wark.
n.Cy. Grose (17901 MS. add. (P. i ; Sick o' th' idle crick, and
the belly wark i' th' heel, /iiov. used of sham sickness, Ray Prov.
(1678 254 ; N.Cy.i, Nhb.i, Dur.', Wm.' n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.2 A belly-
wark trade, a profitless pursuit. ne.Yks.' In common use. e.Yks.
Thoo's seear ti hev belly wahk cranshin' si monny green crabs,
NiCHOLSox Flk-Sp. (,1889: 52 ; e.Yks.', m.Yks.' w.Yks. Lots o'
plums an belly-wark, Poginoor Ohn. (18931 14 ; Skwaisz (a) gain
13 ev 3 gran ta-du, an izapaztean sudonli il wit beli wak [Squire's
a gangin ta hev a gran ta-do, an' his harper's takken suddenly ill
wi' t'belly-wark], Dixon Oyiotji £)«/« (1881, 186; w.Yks.' = 3 Lan.
One on 'em whisper't to Thwittler, an' axed him if his fiddle had
getten th' bally-warche, Waugh Band Organ (18671 281; It's
yeawlin . . . like a donkey wi th' ballywartch, Bbierley Irkdale
(.1865) 14; Kure ony mon o'th bally wartch, Scholes Tim Gam-
walik fi857'i 14; Folk abeawt heer pooin' their faces wi th' bally
wartch, through suppin thy yarb tay . Wood Shetches, 6. ne.Laa.',
e.Lan.' m.Lan.' Aw wonst heeard ov a lad as said he liked
hevin' th' bally-werch becos id felt so nice when id hed gooan
away. Chs.' Chiefly on the ?;. side of county. What's up wi'
th' tit 1— He's getten th' bally-warch. Stf.* I eat a lot o' sour
apples, and then gen mS' th' bally warch. Der.*, nw.Der.' Lin.
Streatfeild Lin. and Dancs'.iWj,') 316. n.Lin.', e.Lin. (G.G.W.)
2. In playing marbles : a method of shooting at the taw.
w.Yks.* Belly-warks. a term used in the game of marbles when
the player holds his taw against his belly, and, without moving
his hand therefrom, shoots at his opponent's taw.
BELONG, V. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Not. Lin.
Lei. Nhp. War. Also Som. Cor. Also written belang
Cum.' [bilo-rj, bila'i), bilEerj.]
1. To own ; toll, by dir. obj.
Cum. Who belongs yon dog! (J Ar.') ; Cura.' ne.Yks.' Wheea
belangs t'stick ? w.Yks. I belong that house (.I.T."! ; w.Yks.^ Who
belongs this house ? Not.' Lei.' Hi, mister ! D'yo belong this
'ere ombreller ? "War.*
2. With prep, to : to own, possess ; to appertain.
■Wm.' Whea belangs tuU et? n.Lin.' It never belonged to my
business. s.Stf. If he belonged to that much golden monej',
Murray Rainbow Gold [ i886j 80. Nhp.' A peculiar idiomatic use
of this word is current with us, by which property and its possessor
arc transposed : thus, ' Mr. A. belongs to that house.' w.Som.'
Used peculiarly in the dialect so as to make the person appertain
to the thing, instead of the converse. For the question, ' To whom
do these houses belong?' we should say, ' Ue du beelau-ng tu
dhai'zh-uur aevv zez ? ' Be you the ginlmun, make so bold, that do
belong to this here house ? At any fair or market it is very common
to hear, ' Who do belong to these here buUicks ? '
Hence Belonging to, p/ir. used as ^r^/., appertaining to,
with reference to.
s.Chs.' Ally unbithuwt misel- fi siim ut aaftur yu wun gon,
biliingg-in tu wot yii wun teMn mi [I unbethowt mysel o' summat
after y<5 won gone, belungin' to what yCi won tellin' me]. Stf.*
Ar parson come fur ax mei abait summat belungin to th' Sunday
mornin sarvice.
3. With omission of prep, to : to appertain to, belong to;
hence to dwell, reside.
Cum. Seeds is fine, ... we teirtman,'at bclangt them, Farrall
Bclty Wilson ^i886i 28; Each brings back ony sheep tliat disn't
beleng him, Cornhill Mag. (Oct. 1890) 380. n.Yks.' A coat
belonging I'homas. Wheea's Uiae tweea ladies, sa' thee? — Whah !
they belongs me — they's our .laney and Mall^'. ne.Yks.' Yon
swath field belangs John Smith farm. w.Yks. Dicky Dunnaker
belenged t'aristocracy o' Benkfooit, Cudworth Sketches (1884)
32 ; That house belongs me. Seldom heard now, but twenty
or thirty years ago this idiom lormed part of the everyday
language of working people, Leeds Merc. Siip/>/. (Jan. 3, 1891).
Lan. All these books belong the library. A', t/ Q. (1887) 5th
S. ix. 505. ne.Lan.' The stock belenging my brother. s.Not.
(J.P.K.) sw.Lin.' He belongs the club. It's the cat as belongs
the yard. War.^ You don't belong these parts ? [you are not a
native of this part of the country?] Cor.' I belong at home [live
at home].
4. To be accustomed, to be in the habit of; to be one's
duty, to behove.
n.Lin.' It duzn't belong to bairns to knaw ivery thing 'ats talk'd
on. w.Cor. I don't belong to sing that, it's not one of my songs
(A.L.M.) ; I b'long feedin the baiiby (M.A.C.). Cor.' I am not so
ill as I belong to be [as I generally am]. She belongs to stay in
to-night [it's her turn to stay in to-night]. I belong working
to Wheal Jane ; Cor.^ I don't belong going to Church, but I will
this once. I belong to go to mine to-day, but I'm too tired.
BELOW, adv. and pirp. Nhb. e.An. Ken. Written
belaw Nhb.'
1. adc'. Below ground, in a coal-pit.
Nhb. r J'en corf we byeth gan belaw, N. Minstrel (1806-7)
pt. iv. 76 ; Nhb.' Wor skipper was tyekin his pipe doon belaw,
CoRVAN Keel on Fire (c. 1865"). When they're duen wi' roads
belaw, May they find that to heaven, Wilson Dicky's IVig (1825}
St. 67.
2. To the north, northward.
e.An.' He ha' gone below [to the North of England].
3. In phr. beloiv London, not in Kent.
Ken. (P.M.); Ken.' An expression almost as common as 'the
Sheeres.'
BELOWNDER, sh. Shr. [bilou'nd3(r).] The noise
of a heavj^ fall.
Shr.' Las' night I 'card sich a belownder ; an' whad should it
be but one o' the cheeses 'ad tumbled off the shilf.
[Bc- + iozi'ndcr (sb.), q.v.]
BELPER, sb. Not. [be-lpafr),] A heavy fall.
Not. ( L.C.M.) ; I came down such a helper. Hole Memories
(1892) 193 ; Not.* I fell down a helper.
BELPER, V. Cum. Lei. Also written bilper Lei.'
To cheat ; to overreach.
Cum. Linton Lake Cy. (1864) 297. Lei.' To helper at marls
[marbles].
Hence Bilpering, ppl. adj. cheating, dishonest.
Lei.' A bilperin' sort o' fellow.
BELSH, V. Som. To clean the tails of sheep by
cutting away dirty or matted wool. Cf. belt.
Som. Jennings O'bs. Dial. ii:Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873).
[Prob. repr. ME. belliscli, to make fair. Belchyn or
make fayre, dccoro, veiiiislo, Prompt]
BELSIZE, adj. Obs. e.An. Bulky, of goodly size.
[Not known to our correspondents.] e.An.', Nrf.'
BELT, s4.' Sc. Lin. Nrf. [belt.] A narrow strip of
wood or plantation.
Sc. (A.'W.) sw.Lin.' They're cutting a ride down the belt.
Nrf. A narrow plantation forming a boundary (E.M.).
Hence Beltie, sb. a small plantation.
Abd. I wish 1 war' but at oor plantin' beltie, Gtiidman (1873"! 47.
BELT, ii.* Chs. [belt.] Meaning doubtful. The
rudder, or rudder-lines of a ship (.').
Chs.' [Only used in the following line from a children's rhyme]
When the snow began to melt, 'Twas loike a ship withait a belt.
BELT, sb.^ Cum. [belt.] A heavy fall. See Belter.
Cum. He came down such a belt (H.W.).
BELT, 1'.' Sc. Yks. Chs. Stf Der. Not. Lei. Nhp. War.
Shr. Glo. Bck. Aus. [belt.]
1. To flog, thrash ; orig. with a leather belt. Cf. ash,
hazle, strap.
Sc. 1 wish he had beltit your shoulders as aft as he .has done
mine, Hogg Drozunie (1818) II. 162 (Jam.). e.Yks.' w.Yks.
Belted him wi' t'backband, Yksntan. (Apr. 20, 1877) 1 1, col. i ; Hlf.x:
IVds.; Banks fF/yZrf. fFrfs. (1865); w.Yks.= Belt him his hide !
Belted t'wind out'n him. Chs.', s.Chs.' Stf.* Na. Willie, get
off upstairs like a good lad or the feyther'll belt th! when 'e cums
in. Der.*, nw.Der.i, Not.', Lei.', Nhp.'*, War.*3, Shr.'* n.Bck.
(A.C.) [Aus., N.S.W. I've half a mind to belt you home again to
your mother, Boldkewood Robbery (1888) II. xiv.]
" 2. In phr. to belt tlic cadger, to vomit. Bnff.'
3. To hurry, to bustle about. Cf. bang.
w.Yks. 1 could see the others [weavers] belting at it (J.K.S.).
War.* Glo. fH S.H.) ; Glo.'
BELT
[239]
BEiMAZE
[ConiittccI to Alexander Cumins; to sec him belted be
his mother, (1649) in Rogkus Soc. Life Scoll. II. 217
(N.E.I).).]
BELT, v.^ Yks. Chs. Not. Lin. Nhp. Wor. GIo. Wii.
[belt] To remove the matted wool and dirt from the
hinder parts of sheep. CT. belsh.
w.Yks.2 Chs, Belting of sliecp, cutting off y° daglocks (K.l ;
Chs.' Midi. M.\RSIIALL Rtir. Econ. (1796) II. Not. (W.H.S)
sw.Lin.' To belt sheep, so th.it tlic l.imbs may be able to suck freely.
Nhp.2, se Wor.', Glo. (S.S.I3.), Wi!.'
Ilcnce (i) Belting:, vb. sb. (o) the act of thus cleaning
sheep, (A) in />/. the dirty wool shorn from a sheep's hind-
quarters ; also called dag-locks, q.v. ; (2) Belt-locks, d).
'beltings.'
(i, « Glo.' Asin the time of Henry Vth they accomptcd, not only
for the broken wool, but for the taggs and locks arisinge at the
belting of his sheep in the folds, Smyth ZJi;/.'f/ys, II. 7. (_4j w.Yks.^,
Chs.', Not.3, Glo.' (2) se.Wor.'
[In FiTziiERBERT Htisb. (1534) 45 there is a distinct
section (11 41) entitled, 'To belte shepe,' with ftill directions
how to perform the operation.]
BELT, V? Nhb. Dur. Win. Yks. Lin. [belt.] Past
tense and pp. ot build.
Nhb.', Dur.', e.Win. (J.M.\ V/ni.', n.Yks.2, ne.Yks.', e.Yks.',
m.Yks.' w.Yks. When it [the donkey cart] wor belt. Binns
IVihdin Orig. (1889)5; w.Yks. '^ Lin. Straange an' owd farran'd
the 'ouse, an' belt long afoor my daily, Tennyson OwU Rod ;i889\
nLin.' This house was belt by my faather.
[He his goddis brocht in Latio, And belt the cicte,
DouGi-AS Eneculos (1513) ed. 1874, 11. 22; Without [e
burgh on a bank beldit he hys tcntez, IVnrs A/e.v. (c.
1450) 2441. OE. (ge)byld, pp. of by/c/an, to build.]
BELTANE, sb. 0/isol. Sc. Ire!. Cum. Also Cor.
Also written beltain Cum.; beltan Sc. ; beltin Sh.I.
1. The 1st of May (O.S.), anciently one of the quarter-
days in Scotland, the others being Hallowmas (Nov. i),
Candlemas (Feb. 2), and Lammas (Aug. i). 'Beltane'
was sometimes applied also to May 3 (the Invention of
the Cross), and even to Whitsunday.
Sc. They may bide in her shop window till Beltane, Scott
St. Roiiaii (1824') ii ; When at Beltane game Thou Icdst the dance,
tb. Lady of Lake (1810) 11. xv ; A gowk at Yule'll no be bright
at Beltane, Misr.oP Ptov. 23, 3rd ed. ; Ye'll get waur bodes ere
Beltane. Piov. addressed to a person who refuses the price
offered for an article, 16. 333 ; I'll bring your Yule belt to a
Beltane bore, Piov., Deii/iain Traits (ed. iBps) II. 92. Sh.I.
Beltin day, term d.ay. K.aal fishing begins. N.S. May ist; O.S.
May 13th, iXfaiisoiii' /iliii. (1893). Frf. My Jamie comes at
Beltane-day, Laing IVaysulc Firs. (1846) 103. Per. On Beltane
morning, people go to this well [near a druidical temple], and
drink of it ; then they make a procession round it nine times.
After this they in like manner go round the temple. . . . They will
not neglect these rites, even when Beltane falls on Sabbath
(Jam.) ; On the first of May Beltan is chiefly celebrated by
tile cowherds, who assemble by scores in the fields, to dress
a dinner for themselves, of boiled milk and eggs. These dishes
they eat with a sort of cakes baked for the occasion, and having
small lumps in the form of nipples, raised all over the surface,
Logicrail Stalisl. Ace. (1794) V. 84 (Jam.") ; A toast given sometimes
by old people is ' Here's your health till Beltane ' (G.W.). Lth.
He wad tak me before Beltan day, Macneill Poet. IVks. (1801)
20a, ed. 1856. Ir. The water of tliree boundaries. Before rising
of sun. On the morning of Beltaine, Charm in Flk-Lore Jrn. (1884J
II. 34. Cum. Linton Lake Cy. (1864) 297.
2. A festival kept with bonfires, &c. ; observed on May i,
June 21, or St. Peter's day.
w.Sc. The custom still remains amongst the herds and young
people to kindle fires in the high grounds, in honour of Beltan. . . .
It is now kept on St. Peter's day, Loiii/oii Statist. Ace. (1792) III.
105 (Jam.). Ir. Celebrated on the 21st June. There, as they
make fires on the tops of hills, every member of the family is
made to pass through the fire ; as they reckon this ceremony
necessary to ensure good fortune through the succeeding year
(j.\M.). Cum. Till of laic years the superstition of the Beltain was
kept up, anti in this rude sacrifice it was customary lor the per-
formers to bring with them boughs ol the mountain ash. Pennant
Toiira (i77^). Cor.^ It is common to call i\Iidsummer fires, csp.
those on St. John's eve, bel-fircs or beltain-fires.
3. Coiiip. Beltane-ree, a period of stormy weather which
us'.ially occurs about Whitsuntide. S. & Ork.'
[The Celtic name of the festival which celebrated the
beginning of summer. Gael, bealtlitiiin, Ir. btalUiue, Olr.
bclliiic (Macuain).]
BELTER, .ib. Sc. Yks. Lan. Stf. Lei. Shr. [bellar,
be-lt3(r).]
1. A heavy blow ; a shower of blows.
Ayr. I'll . . . gie them a belter wi' stancs till I hae na left the
souls in their bodies, GALT£';;/ni/(i823 Tiii. Lan. Hoo then fot me
another belter reet across th' een, Staion Looiiiiimrv (c. 1861) 60.
2. Anything very large of its kind. Cf banger.
n.Yks. (I.W.), Stf.' Lei.i A ' whopper.' Shr.' ' My 06ns, whad
a belter ! ' said a gardener, on digging up an immense potato.
BELTER-WERRITS, sb. Lin. A teasing child.
n.Lin.' Oh deary me what a belter- werrits tlioo ait, bairn '
BELTIE, sb. Sc. A water-hen.
Frf. A weasel had gripped a water hen (whitrit and bcltic they
are called in these parts), Barrie Lic/it i388) 6. Rxb. W.C. ;
BELTING, vbl. sb. Yks. Chs. Stf. Not. Lei. Niip. War.
Ilrf. Also I.W. [be'ltin.] A thrashing, beating. See
Belt, J'.'
c Yks. Nicholson Flk-Sfi. (1889); e.Yks." AfS. add. (T.H.)
Ch5.' If tha' throws at th' 'ens, awll gie thee a good belling.
s.Chs.' Stf.* Oi gen my lad a foine beltin last net. Not.' Lei.'
A 'strapping,' 'hiding,' or 'leathering.' Nhp.' He got a good
belting. War.'^ Hrf.2 Chastisement by using a belt for the
purpose. I.W.2 I'll gi' ye a middlen belten predney [presently].
BELVE, V.' I.W. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also in form
belvy w.Som.' nw.Dev.' [belv.] To roar, bellow. Used
both of persons and of cattle. Cf bell, belder, bellock.
I.W.2 Dor. A', t" Q. (1883) 6th S. vii. 3O6. Som. \V. & J. GI.
(18731. w.Sora.' Dhoal Jiip'see doan taek u beet u noatccs oa ur
kyaav ; ur aan u buulvud nuudhur wauns [the old Gypsy does
not take any notice of (the loss of) her calf; she has no^^once
bellowed]. Dav.^ Whot art a-belvin' vor now than ? I thort
twuz a gert caave. n.Dev. O, cs shall belve vrom hour ta hour,
Rock Jim an' A'f//(i867) st. gr. nw.Dev.' s.Dev. I''o.\ Kiiigslindge
(1874). Cor. He roared out like a bull belvin',PARR.//rfnm<?/i(/£'i'e
(1880) III. 177; Peggy beginned to belve sure nufT, T. Toivnr
(1873) 140 ; Cor.' Belving like a bull ; Cor.^ Belvin like Tregagle ;
Cor.3
Hence Belving, (i) vbl. sb., (2) ppl. adj. shouting, bel-
lowing.
(i) Dev.i No belving or hooting, nor did her make a preachment
to the neighbours, 40. (2) w.Cor. A belving cow soonest forgets
its calf, Prov. (M.A.C.)
BELVE, v.'^ and sb. Cum. Win. Lan. [belv.]
1. V. To drink greedily.
Cum. Linton Lake Cy. (1864) 297. 'Wm.' n.Lan. Hi sits belvon
on drinkon liof a' t'dC (W.S.). ne.Lao.'
2. sb. A gulp, draught.
Wm.' He's taen et at ya belve.
BELVER, V. Nhp. War. Glo. Bdf. Sus. [be-lva(r).]
1. To belch. Glo.'
2. To roar, bluster, cry loudly. Cf belve.
Bdf. (J.W.B.) Sus. ' Ye idle np,' he belvcr'd out. Lower Jan
C/adpole (1872) St. 7 ; He wur inortacious mad, an belvcred :
' Doiint ya pick upaii a feller !' J.\ckson Southward llo ,1894)
I. 289. m.Sus. He called me over and belvercd about house
tW.D.P.). Sus.'
Hence Belvering, /■//. adj. noisy, blustering.
Nlip.' A great belvcring fellow. War.^
BEMANGIT,/'/'. Sc. Injured.
Ags., Frf. The carle was sair bemangit, .Scon Miiist. (cd. 1G06)
Water Kelpie ; A word much used in Angus, ib. 01.
[Be- + iiinitg{\'h.), q.v.]
BEMAUL, v. Lin. [binio'l] To maul; to bruise or
soil by lighting or rough play.
Lin. (J.C.W.), n.Lin.'
BEMAZE, V. Lin. Sur. [bime'z.] To astonish,
bewilder, daze.
n.Lin.' I was real bemaased wlicn I seed him ; I thoht he w.is in
'Merica. The thunner an' lightnin' bemaased me. Sur. Her own
daughter ... is . . . so pressed at the school, so mithcred and
bcmazcd, that she has been took away. A'. & Q. (1890) 7lh S. x. 285.
(And Icltc us lyinge . . . Al bemascd in a sounc, Clicsler
I'lnys (c. 1430) n. 93 (Sthatman.n).]
BEMEAN
[240]
BEN
BEMEAN, v.^ Sc. Yks. Som. [bimrn, bime-n.] With
re/l. pron. : to stoop, to degrade oneself, to lose caste.
Gall. They wereiia gaun to bemcan themsel's to sen' ye nae
word, Crockett S/ictit Mill. (1893 ^ 250. e.Yks. Deeaii't gan an
bemeean thi-sen bi gannin wiv hor, Nicholson /7,t-S/>. (1889) 92 ;
e.Yks.^ Som.^ Aay kaa*n dhingk acwiivur uur keod beemai'n
urzuul' vur tae'u jish fuul-ur-z ee' [I cannot think how she could
have stooped to have such a fellow as he].
[I renounce my gentility, and lessen and bemean
mj'self to the lowncss of the offender, Jarvis Don
Qiiixole (1742) II. III. XX (Dav.). Be- + vieaii, adj.]
BEMEAN, t'.= Lan. With rf/7. />ro«. : to bemoan.
ne Lan.^ TVow bcmeans itself.
[Giie (she) bi-mente hire to abraham, Gen. S^ E.x.
(c. 1250) 1217. OE. beincrnan, to bemoan, lament.]
BEMOIL, V. Stf. Lin. Won Also written bemwile
se.Wor.' ; bemoyle (K.). Of persons: to be made dirtj'
by work, daubed with mud.
Slf.'2 n.Lin.' He was bemoil'd all oher wi' cleanin' oot Smith
warpin' drean. se.Wor.' [(K.)]
[Thou shouldst have heard in how miry a place, how she
was bemoiled, Shaks. T. Shrew, iv. i. 77. Be- + moil{vb.},
q.v.]
BEMUCH, V. Lin. [bimu-tj.] To grudge.
sw.Lin.i I did not bemuch the trouble at all.
[Prop, to make ' much ' of. Be- + much, adj.]
BEMUCKED, pp. Obs. Cum. Soiled, made dirty.
Cum. Linton Lake Cy. (1864") 297; (W. K.)
[Be- + mucked, pp. oi muck (vb.), q.v.]
BEMUSED, pp. Sc. Dev. Slang. Also written be-
muzzed Dev. Dazed, stupefied with drink, astonishment,
anger, &c.
Sc. His senses so bemused in the intensity of calculation, Scott
Nigel (1822 1 V. Dev. He was unconscious of his actions, so
blinded and bemuzzed was he with anger, disappointment, and
sharffe, Baring-Gould Spider (1887) xxiii. Slang. Did I preach
thus, sir, should I not appear Just like the parson, much bemused
with beer? Hood Ode to Bttckingliain ; Getting bemused on Saint
Monday, Story of Lan. Tliief, 12 ; He was in the so-called 'bemuzzed'
state, Lever D. Dunn, Ixix.
[A parson much be-mus'd in beer. Pope Prol. Sat.
(1735) 15. Be- + mused; cp. Tennyson IVi/l Waterproof:
The guest Half-mused or reeling ripe.]
BEN, adv., prep, and sb.''- Sc. Nhb. Cum. Lan. [ben.]
1. adv. In, inside; w^ithin ; esp. in or into the parlour.
Sc. At open doors dogs gae ben. It is ill bringing butt what's
no ben, Ramsay Piov. 11737); An', Tibby, bring him ben some
meat, Beatties Pamigs (1801) 6 ; Here is the young lady wantin'
to speir gin you'll come ben, Roy Horseman (1895) xx. Sh.I.
Dey mebbe never ken 'At lasses but, far mair as ben, Hae pooer
immense. Burgess Rnsniie (1891) 59. ne.Sc. I ordered Nelly to
bid him enter an' step ben. Grant Keckhton, 14. Abd. An' sail
this sleeth come farrer ben, Forbes Ajax (1742) 6 ; Mrs.
Birse bounced away ben, Alexander Johnny Gibb (1871) viii.
Per. Death leuket ben wi' a grim angry leuk, Nicoll Poems (1837)
104, ed. 1843. Ayr. With kindly welcome Jenny brings him ben,
Burns Cotters Sat. Night (1787) 8; As I cam by Crochallan, I
cannily keekit ben, ib. liattlin roarin Willie, St. 3. Ltli. He wha
seems the furthest but, aft wins the farthest ben, Ballantine
Poems (1856) 58. Gall. Surely ye'll hae the mcnse ... to keep
your tongue far ben within your teeth, Crockett Moss-Hags
(1895) xviii. Nhb. We were kindly welcomed ben, Armstrong
ll'anny Blossoms (1876) 5. Cum. There's Nabob Jock comes
strutting ben. Gilpin Sngs. (1866") 75. Lan. So ope the door and
let me ben, Harland Lyn'es (1866 1 128. [Lie butt, lie ben. Lie
among the dead men, Globe (Apr. 21, 1890) Nominies.']
Hence (i) Benner, adj. compar. oi ben, inner ; (2) Ben-
most, Bennermost, adj. superl. of ben, inmost, innermost ;
(3) Benward, adv. inward, forward.
(i) Bch. And ripe wi' candle light their benner pauntries, Poetns
(1785' 33-'Jam.). (2) Abd. Frae my bosom's benmost core . . ,
a thousand thanks. Still Cottar s Sunday (1845') 140 ; The benner-
maist end o' my pantry, Siiirrefs Poems (1790) 317. Frf. E'en
frae the benmost bores o' hell, Beattie Arnha' (c. 1820) 57, ed.
1882. Ayr. The benmost neuk beside the ingle. Burns Addriss
of Beelzebub, 1. 56. Lnk. Gnrs our benmost heart-strings grud,
Macdonald Poems (1865'! 15. n.Cy. Border Gl. {Coll. L.L.B,)
(3") Abd. Like a madman frantic leapin' Benward on his mither's
floor. Still Cottars Sunday (1845) 42.
2. In phr. to be or to win far ben, Ci) to be, become
intimate or on good terms with ; (2) to be forward, to the
fore, conspicuous.
(I) Dmb. I'm sure he could win far enuch ben himself if he cam'
in the coorting way. Cross Disruption (1844) xiii. Ayr. He was
farther ben among the great than ony other body we met wi' in
London, Galt Sir A. IVylie (1822) xcviii. Lnk. And should as
ane may think come farer ben, Ramsay Gentle Shep. (1725) 20.
e.Lth. He was sune as faur ben wi' the laird as wi' a' body else,
Hunter J. Inwiek (1895) 33. (2) Sc. He is an innocent, sir. . . .
There is one such in almost every town in the country, but ours is
brought far ben, Scott JVavcrley (1814) ix ; I have fought once
more in this old quarrel, though ... I could not be so far ben as
you lads, ib. xlviii. Ayr. A daft body that was aye far ben on all
public occasions, Galt Proi'ost (1822) xix.
3. In fo;;;/>. (i) Ben-by, into the parlour ; (2) -end, the best
room in a house ; hence fg: the best part of anything ;
(3) -house, the inner or principal room ; (4) -inno, within
or beyond ; I5) -room, see Ben-end.
(i) n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.) (21 Sc. Here's the minister,
mem. I hae put him i' the ben end. Swan Aldersyde (ed. 1892)
137. n.Sc. The ben-end of one's dinner (Jam. V ne.Sc. The fire,
which had been kindled in the ben end. Grant Keckleton, 48.
Lth. There was no sound in the ben-end but the click of the
mistress's knitting-needles, Swan Carlotvrie ^1895) i. (3) Sc, (Jam.)
(4) Sc. ' Come ben-inno ' is said to a person when he is invited to
pass through a circle of people sitting round the fire, and to seat
himself in a snug corner, Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) (5) Sli.I.
[She] swabs da ben-room oot, Burgess Rasmie (1891) 52. Gall.
Within the shadowed ben-room an oddly-assorted pair had been
sitting, Crockett Sunbonnel (1895) vii.
4. prep. In, within ; in phr. ben the house, in the parlour,
the best or inner part of the house.
Sc. We maun see what's to be dune wi' the handfu' ben the
hoose, Swan Eden (ed. 1895) ii. e.Sc. She rose and went ' ben'
the house. Setoun Sunshine (1895) 193. Abd. Some elder fowks
. . . Ye'ed to the pantry ben the house, Shirrefs Poems (1790)
215 ; Laddy, yafwrang, gae ben-a-house, Beatties PflM'«,?s (1801)
6, ed. 1873. Fif. Hundreds of weavers lived and died Thoreaus
' ben the hoose ' without knowing it, Barrie Liclit ( 1893") 9. Per.
He's sittin' ben the hoose, Ian Maclaren Auld Lang Syne (1895)
123. Fif. The remains lay ' ben the hoose,' and the religious
ceremony was performed in the kitchen, Robertson Provost (1894)
35. Edb. I took him ben the hoose with me down to the work-
shop, Moir Mansie IVauch (1828) xix. Kcb. Daddie's lyin' ben the
hoose wi' seaweed in his hair, Armstrong Ingleside (1890) 37,
N.Cy.l, Nhb.l
5. sb. An inner room.
Sc. A tolerable hut is divided into three parts : a butt, which is
the kitchen ; a benn, an inner room ; and a byar, where the cattle
are housed, Carr Caled. Sketches (1807) 405 (Jam.) ; He turned,
for a moment's space, to reconnoitre the ben, or parlour end of
the house, ScoTT Bride of Lam. (1819^ xii ; A door leading into the
ben, ib. Abbot (1820) xxviii ; A cosy but, an' a canty ben. Ramsay
Remin. (1859) 6o> ^^- 1872 ; Wha keepit The schule for the
weans in the ben o' her ha', Allan Lilts (1874) 43a. S. & Ork.'
AIS. add. Fif. The house consisted only of a but and a ben,
Macdonald Alec Forbes (1876) 124. Per. The ben, where none
but honoured visitors had entrance, Ian Maclaren Brier Bush
(1895) 193.
[1. And furius flamb . . . Spreding fra thak to thak,
baith but and ben, Douglas Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, 11.
217 ; Hyr cors thai tuk wp and bare ben, Wyntoun
Cron. (c. 1425) VII. X. 39 (Jam.). 4. Ye bad the father and
mother go ben the house a whylle. Law Mem. (1684) 60
(Jam.). OE. bionna, within (Rushw. yo/iw xx. 26), ONhb.
binna (Lind.), WS. bi)inan.\
BEN, sb?- Sc. Ircl. [ben] A hill, a mountain.
Rxb. Or sklent the hills is cut for roads a ben, A. Scott Poems
(1808) 116, ed. 2 ; Sweet was the red, blooming heather. And the
river that flow'd from the Ben, Jacob. Rel. (1819) II. 421, ed. 1874.
Ir. You become aware of faint finely-limned shapes . . . looming up
on its borders. . . . They are big bens. Barlow Idylls (1892) 2.
[Gael, and Ir. beaiin, a peak ; Olr. benn.\
BEN, sh.^ Dev. [ben.]
1. The truth. Dev.^
2. In phr. to the true ben, soundly, to the purpose.
n.Dev. Chell tack ct out wi' tha to tha true ben falh, Exm.
Scold. (1746) I. 19; Grose(i79o); lleathered Giles to tha true ben,
BEN
[241]
BEND
Rock Jim an' Nell (1867) 120. Dev.' I'd lanup en to the true
ben, 15.
[2. Ben, prob. repr. botd, sb., in the sense of force,
energy, esp. the force with which a bow bent tends to
spring back ; cp. Shakspcarc's ' to the top of my bent,'
Ham. III. ii. 401, where the phrase means 'to the utmost
degree of tension.']
BEN, sb.* e.An. [ben.] A harvcst-doll, or figure set
on the top of the last load of corn in harvest.
e.An.' Nrf. The ' last ' or ' horkcy Io.-id ' l,as it is here called) is
decorated witli flags and streamers, and sometimes a sort of ' Kern
baby ' is placed on the top at front of the load. This is commonly
called a ' ben,' Hone Evcry-day Bk. (1826) II. 1166 ; Nrf.'
BEN, sb.^ w.Som.i [ben.] That part of the frame of
a carding-engine that serves to carry the various rollers
parallel to the main drum or cylinder.
[Prob. repr. bciid, sb., as the shape is semicircular.]
BEN, 5i.° w.Sc. [ben.] Coal-mining term : the turn
or supply of empty tubs.
w.Sc. When a boy under fourteen years of age enters the mine
he is entitled to a half-turn or ben ; between fourteen and si.xteen
he has a three-quarter turn ; at and over sixteen he has a full or
man's turn, Gl. Lab. (1894I.
[Prob. the same as bciid, sb., dcr. of bend, vb., to turn,
deflect.]
BEN, sb.'' Obs. ? Sc. A small species of salmon.
Dmf. From Jan. till Apr. was the principal run of that species
of salmon called Bens, which seem to have been exterminated by
the improved mode of fishing at Newbie, Gr.\h,\m Fiihcniiaii's
Lett. (1804) 8; Gm. from seven to ten pounds in weight and
viewed as a different species. This is the first kind that appears
in the Solw.iy Firth, gcii. about the end of March (Jam.).
BENANE, prep. Lin. e.An. Also written benean
n.Lin.' [bine'n, Lin. binian.] Beneath.
n.Lin. Will yC tek what graws aboon grund, or what gr.iws
benean grund? Pe.\cock Talcs and Rhymes (1886) 68. eAn.'*
Suf. The cat is benanc the table (F.H.).
\Bc- + nean, see Anean. Benean repr. ME. bineOen, Gen.
&» Ex. (c. 1250) 4001.]
BENBITER, sb. Sh.L Also written baenabider S.
& Ork.'
1. A dog. Cf beainer.
Sh.I. Benbiter, I am inclined to think, is only used for a dog
which has the bad habit of slyly biting at the heels of strangers
(.K.I.). S. & Ork.i
2. Fig. A deceitful person, a backbiter,
Sh.I. (K.I.)
[Prop, a leg-bitcr. Of Norse origin. Cp. Dan. ire;;, a leg,
bone ; bide, to bite.]
BENCH, sb. Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. [benj.]
1. A laj'cr of stone, clay, or turf. Cf bank, benk.
Clis. A'wl tay th' top bench first, and th' bottom bench when
the weather's drier (E.M.G.). Nhp.' A quarry term for the shelf
of a rock running to a main joint. In Morton, Post is synony-
mous ; Nhp.'^
2. A slice down a haystack. Chs.^
3. A plate-rack.
Abd. (J.\M.) nw.Abd. That timmer cup sitting i' the bench,
Goodwife (1867) 35.
4. In comp. (i ) Bench-floor, the sixth parting or ' laming,'
in the body of the coal in the mines at Wednesbury ; (2)
•gate, the space between two joiners' benches ; (3) hook,
a piece of wood fitted on to a carpenters bench to steady
the blocks which are sawn.
(i) Stf. (K.), Stf.i (2, 3) w.Yks. (S.K.C.)
[1. One bench or layer (of coal) being cut before the ad-
jacent one. Raymond Mining Gl. (1881 1.]
BENCHING, vbl. sb. C'hs.' [benjin.] Salt-mining
term ; the process of getting the bed ot rock salt down to
the ' sole ' of the mine after the roofing drift has been made.
EENCRAKE, sb. Dev. The corn-crake. See Bean-
crake.
nDev. Handbk. (1877) 258, ed. 4. Dev.^ Sometimes also
called the corn-crow. Obsvl.
BEND, 56.' Sc. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Chs. Also in form
ben Win.' w.Yks.^ Strong ox-leather used for the
soles of boots and shoes ; half a tanned hide cut down
VOL. I.
the middle with the thin edges trimmed off. Also in
comp. Bend-leather.
Sc There stands a tree at our house-end, It's a' clad owre v.i'
leather bend, CiiAMnrns Pop. li/iyincs {iS-]o^ 108; The meat
often as teugh as bend leather, Whitehead Da/I Daiie ^18-/6) 198.
N.Cy.', Nhb.', Wm.', -w.Yks.'* Chs.' Bend of leather. [Fit to
make ben-leather for the soles of shoes. Lisle Iliisbaiidiy (1757) ;
(K.)]
Hence Bendy-leather, sb.fg. A boy's name for ice in
a half-thawed condition, yet clastic and capable of bearing
a weight.
Nhb.' Children [repcatl the following doggerel couplet, ' Bcndj'-
leather's good to beer, Tyek a heart an' nivver fear.' -w.Yks.*
Whilst the boys are sliding they say, ' Bend leather, bend leather,
pulT, puff, puff.'
[You are to send to Wood of the Worldes end & who is
to pay you ten pounde in ben leather, SAViLEif//fr (1643)
in Gatty's Hiinlei's Ilallanishire ( 1869) 138.]
BEND, sb.^ Sh.L Lei. Won [bend.]
1. A piece of bent plate-iron which goes over the back of
the last horse at plough ; also in //., the accoutrements
of a horse.
Sli.I. (W.A.G.) S. & Crk.' The complete furniture of a peat-
horse. Lei. ' Ohs.
2. In comp. Bend-traces, partof the harness of a plough-
horse. Lei.'
3. The curved iron that goes over the pad in a driller's
gear.
s.Wor. PoRSON Oiiaiiil IVds. (1883).
BEND, sb.^ Yks. [Not known to our correspondents.]
A flock, a company.
w.Yks. A bend o' black swans, LvcAi Sliid. Niddei dale {c. i88a)
234.
[The same as Band, sb.^]
BEND, sb.* n.Cy. Wm. Yks.
1. Obs.} A handkerchief, head or neck covering worn by
women.
Wm. (K.) w.Yks. Watson Hist. Hlfx. (1775) 533; w.'Yls.*
2. The border of a woman's cap.
n.Cy. GitosE (1790).
[Priest . . . With bcndis baith and haly laurcr crownc,
Douglas Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, 11. 123. The same as
Band, sb.'^]
BEND, v.^ and sb.^ Sc. [bend.]
1. V. To spring, to bound.
Sc. (Jam.)
Hence Bendit, ppl. adj. ready to spring, crouching.
Sc. What are ye sitting glourin like a bendit wullcat for ! IIoGG
Bioivnic 0/ Bodsbfck, i.
2. sb. A bound, a leap.
Abd. Cam' on him wi' a bend, Skinner Poems (1809") 4.
[Bcfoir thaim all furth bowtis (bolts) with a bend Nisus
a far way, DoL-GLi\s Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, 11. 242.]
BEND, '('.* Sc. [bend.] To drink, esp. to drink hard
or greedily.
Sc. Ye wha like to bend the bicker, U'dliaiii Wiggle (18081 3;
Bend wecl to the Madeira at dinner, Ra.msav Pcmni. (1859) 34.
Lnk. We with greed Bended as fast as she could brew, Ramsay
Pucms (1727) 1. 215, ed. 1800. Ltli. The bicker ronn', then quick
let's send it, . . . An' to his memory, fegs ! we'll bend it, Bkuce
Poems (1813) 109.
Hence (i) Bend, sb. a draught of liquor; (2) Bender,
sb. a drinker.
Lnk. (i; We'll nae mair o't ; come gi's the other bend, Ramsay
Pof)«s{ 1 727; II. 116, ed. 1800. (2) Now lend your lugs, yc benders
fine Wha ken the benefit of wine, ib. 520.
BEND, v.^ S. & Ork.^ To fasten on a horse the ap-
paratus necessary for carrying panniers.
BEND,!'." Nhb. Dun In phn (i) /?fW rtK'ny, signal
fivcn in coal mining to intimate that the cage is to be
brought to bank; "(2) —off, lift [the cage] gently; (3)
— up, raise slowly ; (4) — tip fairly, raise slowly and
carefully.
(0 Nhb Calling out for the engineman to bend away, Richard-
son «o; A/. v's Table-hk. (1846^ V. 38; Nhb.' Nh'j., Dur. Green-
WELL Coal Tr. Gl. (1B49). (2^ Nhb.' (3) N.Cy.' Bend up the
crab. Nhb., Dur. A call m.ide by a person workmg in the shaft
1 i
BEND
[242]
BENK
lo the waitcr-on or banksman, and repeated by him to the brakes-
man, Gheenwell Con/ 7"<-. G/ (1849). Nhb.i' Bend-up," or' Bend-
up a bit ! ' an order given by the person in charge to raise the cage
slowly, so that it may be instantly stopped on the order ' Hold ! '
being given, Greenwell. (4) Nhb., Dur. Greenwell Coal Tr.
Gl. (1849).
BEND, adv. Obs. ? Abd. Bravely.
Abd. There was nane in a' the battle That bruilyeit bend aneugh.
Skinner Xinns Bahtg (1809'! (Jam.).
[Peril, a pron. of bended {bent), determined, resolved.
See Jam. (s.v.i?f);rf;/«/i),\vhere weare told thati^«rf// ?//is
in various places the reading of Pitscottie (1814), whereas
boldeiied itp occurs in Pitscottie (1728).]
BENDARD, sb. N I.' [bendad.] The bent stick or
bow in the frame of a boy's kite.
BENDER, sb} Ken. [be-nd3(r).] A bow, in phr.
bender and airs, a bow and arrows.
Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.»
[Bend, vb. -f -er.]
BENDER, sbJ' Dev. Cor. Also written benderd.
[bend3(r).]
1. Anything very large or good of its kind.
Dev. Ma vice [fist] es wat i kal a bendur, Daniel Bride of Scio
(1842) 190; Caught a rat in the trap last night — a proper benderd,
Rfpoyis Provinr. (1889). nw.Dev.* A proper bender, an* no mistake !
Cor. ' I've seed a pig,' said Hugh, ' a rail bender,' Tregellas
Tales ( i860) 44 ; Cor.' ; Cor.2 What a bender 1
2. A great lie. Cf. banger.
Cor. That's a bender, Dick, wan of thy awn maakin, 7". Towser,
18 ; Cor.2 That's a bender.
BENDING-IN, I'bl. sb. Sus. [be'ndin-in.] A custom
observed at Brighton at the beginning of the mackerel-
fishing, when a meal of bread and cheese is provided by
the fishermen on the beach for all who choose to ask for it.
Sus. Sawyer Flk-Lorc (1883I 23 ; TV. & Q. (1880) 6th S. i. 434.
BENDLE, sb. Not. (J.P.K.) [bendl.] The iron ring
which attaches the blade of a scythe to its shaft.
BENDOCK, sb. Ken. The plant Oenanthe crocata.
[Prop. repr. bane-dock, the plant being so named from
its poisonous qualities. Bane (sb.), q.v. -t-obi;^.]
BENDS, sb. pi. Som. [benz.] The ridges in land
which has been thrown up into ' ridge and furrow.'
Som. "W. & J. Gl. (i873>. w Som.i
BENDWARE, sb. Stf ' Hardware.
BENE, sb. Obs. ? ne.Lan.i A prayer, petition.
[' What is good for a bootless bene.'' . . . Their meaning
is. whence can comfort spring When Prayer is of no avail ?
Wordsworth Bolton Abbey (1808) ; pet tu, jif \\ wille is,
iher mine bene. Orison of our Lady (c. 1210) 84, in Horn.
ed. Morris, 1868, 195. OE. pin ben ys gehyred, Corpus G.
(c. 1000).]
BENE(S, sb. n.Cy. Yks. Lan. Also written benniefs
w.Yks. [be'nifs.] In phr. fo f/<j/) to!f(s, to clap the hands
as an expression of thanks or of pleasure ; also fig: Used
only in children's language.
N.Cy.i W.Yks. Watson Hist. Hlf.x. (1775) 533; Hlfx. Wds.;
In Wilsden, when the drummer in a brass band beats the cymbals
together, he is said to be ' clappin' bennies,' this expression,
however, only being used to children ; and because one particular
person generally did this work he is sometimes nicknamed ' Clap-
bennies!' (S N.) ; (J.T.) ; w.Yks.^ ; w.Yks.s An infant at the
suggestion of its mother ' claps bene ' for joy at the sight of
a dainty. Children are also taught to 'clap bene' before par-
taking of food; an infant 'claps bene' when 'daddy' comes
home from work. n.Lan.t Nurses say to children — ' Clap bene's
for daddy to cum, An' bring lile babbj' a ceak an' a bun.'
[A shortened form of benison, a blessing, benediction ;
in ME. used in the sense of Grace before meat. Bord leyd.
And the beneysunwas seyd, Havelok (c. 1300) 1723.]
BENEAPED,/'/. Yks. Som. Naut. Of a vessel: stranded,
left aground by the neap tide.
n.Yks.= s.Cy. Hollowav. Som. Jennikgs Obs. Dial. w.Eng.
(18251. [Neap tides are the lowest tides which occur at the time
of new moon. To be beneaped is to be unable to get away from
a port or wharf at such a time, the water even at high tide b«ing
insufficient to allow the vessel to leave, Gl. Lab. (1894).]
[The word is found in Bailey (1721), Phillips (1706).]
BENEATH, v. Stf. Pern. [binlS.] To condescend, to
lower oneself
s.Stf. As if I'd beneath myself by spakin to him, Pinnock Blk.
Cy. A>ut. (1895), s.Pem. I would'n beneath mysili' to talk to her.
Nevar beneath iwarsilf to mix up with that lot (^W.M.M.).
BENEFICIAL, adj. Irel. Advantageous, useful.
Ir. A knowledge of arithmetic would be beneficial to you
(J.M.flr.). Ant. (W.H.P.) Dwn. A coat which I found very
beneficial in the cold weather. So-and so has rented a garden,
which he finds very beneficial ^T.P.W. ).
BENEFIT, sb. Sc. n.Cy. w.Yks. Der. Lin. Nhp. Wor.
Hrf.
1. A church living, a benefice.
n.Cy. Grose (1790). Der.' s.Wor. Porson 2'"""' 'f^'/s- (1875)
12. Hrf.2
2. A reward ; used ironically for trouble, punishment.
n.Lin.* I'll give thy bairn a benefit ne.xt time he puts his foot in
my gardin. Nhp.* I'll give 'em a benefit. Hrf.^ I had a pretty
benefit in getting them cattle whum.
3. Wages paid in kind.
Gall. Cottagers are partly paid by what is termed a benefit.
This consists of a house, garden, and fuel ; as much corn, meal,
and potatoes as are thought necessary for the maintenance of
their families ; and sometimes maintenance fora cow or a pig, Agr.
Siiiv. 30 (Jam.).
4. In phr. out of benefits, temporarily debarred from
sharing in the benefits of a Friendly Society ihrougli non-
payment of subscription.
w.Yks. (S.K.C.)
[1. Whether he doth bestow yearly the fift part of his
benefit (' benefice ' in Cardvvell's Annals, I. 131) til such
time the same be repaired. Boner Articles {i^^:^) in Strype's
Eccles. Mem. ed. 1822, III. ii. 222.]
BENERTH, sb. Obs. Ken.* Service which a tenant
owed by plough and cart.
BENE"W, adv. Sc. Beneath. Cf anew.
Abd. A pair of grey hoggers well clinked benew, Ross Pickle
Tow 1 1768 .
BENGE, V. Som. [bendg.]
1. To drink to excess. Cf bange, v.
Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; W. Sc J. Gl. (1873).
2. To lounge lazilj'. Cf bainge, v.
Som. (W.F.R.'i
[The same as Bainge, i>., and Bange, si.' and v.]
BENGY, adj. Ess. Cloudy, overcast. See Bange.
Ess. Gl. (1851; ; Ess.l
BENIMIVIED, pp. n.Yks.2 [bini-md.] Taken hastily
upon the sly.
[He that yaf him thilke goodnesse mighte binime it him,
Chaucer Boet/iius, iv. iii. 22. OE. beniman.]
BENJEL, sb. n.Sc. Also written bengiel, benzel. A
heap, a considerable quantity. See Banjie.
n.Sc. A benjel of coals, when many are laid at once on the fire
(Jam.). Per. A bengiel o' odds and en's. Sic a benzel o' men
(G.W.^.
BEN-JOLTRAM, sb. e.An. Brown bread soaked in
skimmed milk, a ploughboy's usual breakfast.
e.An.', Nrf.'
BEN J ORAM, sb. Dev.^ A liberal supply, a large
plateful of food.
BENJY, sb. Yks. Naut. Also written benjey.
[be'ndgi.] A straw hat, gen. one with a very broad
Id rim.
w.Yks. CuDWORTH Norton (1886); Any kind of a straw hat in
Wilsden is called ' a streea ben ' or ' benjy,' Leeds Merc. Siippl.
(Sept. 19, 1891) ; (J.T.) ; w.Yks.^ [Btnjie, the name of a straw
hat worn by sailors, Clark Russell Sailois' Lang. (1883) 14
I Farmer'!.]
BENK, .s6. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. I. Ma.
Stf Lin. Nhp. Also written bink Sc. Nhb.' Dur.' Wm.'
n.Yks.'" ne.Yks.' e.Yks.' m.Yks.' w.Yks.^ I.Ma. n.Lin.'
Nhp.' [benk. bir)k.]
1. A bench of any kind, esp. one made of stone. See
Bank, sb.'^ ; Bench, sb.
Sc. I'or fault of wise men, fools sit on binks. Ray Prov. (1678)
367 ; Ha' binks are sliddery, Rasisav Proi: 1 1737) ; A seat at the
kitchen fire of country or farm houses, foi'med by apart of the wall
BENKLE
[243I
BENSIL
projecting beyond the rest, Grose (1790 i MS. mid. (C. ; Dal-
RYMPLE Gl. {q. 1800); He was seated on the bink in a half lounging
posture, Ochiltree Redbiint (1895 iii. Abd. To sit upo' the best
bink o' the house, Forbes Jm. (^1742) 13; He sits him down
upo' the bink, Beatties Parings ^i8oi) 24, cd. 1873. N.Cy.'
A scat of stones, wood, or sods. Nhb.', Dur.', Cum.', Wm.'
n.Yks.^ ; n.Yks.^ The summer binks, a benched alcove in a garden.
T'lang bink, the ' long settle.' Upon the stone binks beneath the
cottage window the fresh scoured milk-pails arc exposed to dry
and sweeten. An and yak [oak] bink ; n.Yks.^, ne.Yks.' e.Yks.
Ray(i69i); Common at the doors of cottages : ^f». made ofstones,
or of earth planted on the top with chamomile, Marshall Rid:
Econ. (1788); Sit tha doon on bink, mah lad, Nicholson Flk-
Sp. (1889) 53 ; e.Yks.i w.Yks. Lucas Stud. Niddeidale (c. 1880) ;
■w.Yks.' He then stcud claas to th' staan bcnk, ii. 294 ; w.Yks.* ;
w.Yks.3 People were accustomed to sit on the benk i' the
summer-time ; w.Yks.' Clap thuh darn o' that bink. Schoil binks.
e.Lan.' l.Ma. He found his mother sitting on the bink by the
door knitting quietly, Caine Man.xiiian (.1894) pt. 1. iv. n.Lin.
Sutton Wds. (1881) ; n.Lin.i, Nhp.i
2. A vault in a mine; a section of a pit allotted to several
colliers. See Bank, s6.'
w.Yks. 2, Stf.i [(K.]]
[1. The benk, ybeildit of the grene holyne, Douglas
Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, in. 162; I schall buske to Jie
benke Wher baneres are bright, York Plays (c. 1400)227.]
BENKLE, sb. and v. Sh.I.
1. sb. A dimple.
Sh.1. (J.J.) S. & Ork.l
2. V. To dent, to dimple. S. & Ork.»
Hence Benkled,/>/i/. adj. of a tin can : dented.
Sh.I. Pur, peerie [little], bcnkled tinnie. Burgess Rasuiie
(189O 25-
BENN, sb. Som. Dev. A ridge of grass land. See
Bends.
Som. W. & J. GI. (1873). Dev. Three fifths of the moor black
benn, always moist, \o\jnG Annals A^ric. (1784-1815) XVII. 565.
BENNEL, s6. Sc. Irel. Nhb. ^bcnl.]
1. A long, reedy grass, Arundo phragmilis, growing in
stagnant rivers or burns.
Sc. The various kinds of reed grass and reeds which are used
for making mats (Jam.). Nhb.^ Green as a bennel. Bennelswere
layers of this reed woven together and stretched below the rafters
of cottages to serve as a ceiling.
2. Dry withered weeds collected for fuel. s.Sc. (Jam.)
3. The withered stalk of fennel.
N.I.i Uls. As fresh as a bennel, Hume People Dun. Atil.
(1874) 26.
BENNER-GOWAN, sb. Sc. The mountain daisy.
Dmf. A'. & Q. (1871) 4th S. viii. 143.
BENNERT, see Banewort.
BENNET, s*.i and v. Nhp. War. Shr. GIo. Oxf. Brks.
Hmp. Wil. Dor. Som. Also written bennut Oxf.* ; benet,
bennettSom.; bonnet w.Som.' [benat, w.Som.bo'nat]
1. sb. Long coarse grass or rushes. See Bent.
(i) Wil. The first bennet pushes up its green staflf, Jefferies
CnHiffec/cr (1878) 306; Britton ZJfdH^/fS (1825) ; He had a mouth
that was generally open if he were neither eating nor sucking a
'bennet,' Ewing /oh IVindtiiill {iZid) iv ; Wil.' Som. Jennings
Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825); W. & J. Gl. (1873); Sweetman Win-
canton GI. (1885); To catch the feet of unwary swains by tying
bennets across the path, Raymond Sant and Sabina (1894") 99.
w.Som.' The long grass which always appears in pasture fields
when not mown for hay. The cattle do not eat it unless it is
mown. There idn nort a wo'th cuttin, 'tis on'y a passle o'
bonnet.
2. The dry seed stalk of various grasses.
Nhp.l Glo. Grose (i7go^yl/5.arfrf. (H.); GI0.2 0:x.O MS. add.
Brks.i, Hmp. (J.R.W.), Hmp.' Wil. If but a bennet touched
the calf of his leg after nightfall, fancy made it appear like the
clutch of the wretch, Akerman Talcs (1853) 21; Bennets
which the cattle leave standing to die after the seeds have fallen,
Jefferies JVild Life (1879) 250; Slow GI. (1892); Wil.' Dor.
Like shivren bennets, beave to all The dreven winds, Barnes
Poems (ed. 1879) 94; Dor.' Among the bennits dry an' brown,
146. Som. Jennings £)iVi/. a'.^H^. (1869). w.Som.'
Hence Bennety, ff^'. Of a field: abounding in bennets,
covered with long grass.
Som. Jennings Ubs. Dial. w.Eng. (1835); W. & J. Gl. (1873}.
w.Som.' Dhikec vcc ul-z tuurubl bau'nutce [that field is very
much covered with long grass, or bents].
3. Cotiip. (i) Bennet-basket, a toy basket made of grass
stalks ; (2) -weed, Alopcairus agrrstis, the slender fox-tail
grass ; (3) Bonnet-strings, long coarse grass.
(il Brks.' (2) Hrt. (3; w.Som.' From bonnet the transition is
very easy to bonnet strings, which latter is realli' a very sugges-
tive name — quite common.
4. V. Of wood-pigeons : to feed on bennets. Hence
Bennetting, vbt. sb.
Wil. A woodpecker (lew out bcnneting, Kennard/Jio^. Sandals
(1893) vi ; Wil.' They have an old rhyme in Wiltshire—' Pigeons
never know no woe Till they a-bennctting do go ' ; meaning that
pigeons at this time are compelled to feed on the seed of the bent,
the stubbles being cleared, and the crops not ripe, Akerman.
[Bennets, bents, spiry grass running to seed. Lisle
Obs. Jlitsb. (1757). OE. beoitct (-ot) found in place-names,
as Beonet-leali, Bentlcy (see Index to Kemble's Cod. Dipl.).
Cp. G. binse, a rush, reed.]
BENNET, 5(!i.* Shr.' Piiitphiellasa.n/raga, the common
Burnet-saxifragc.
BENNET, 5i.3 War. [benat] The peewit or bastard
plover.
War. Used at Sutton Coldfield and in the neighbourhood
i^G.F.N.^; War.2
BENON, pnp. Obs. Sh.L On the top of.
Sh.I. (J. J.) S. &Ork.i
BENORTH, pirp. Sc. To the northward of.
Sc. Your English gangers and supervisors, that you have sent
down benorth the Tweed Scott Rob Roy (1817 iv ; The lang
loan benorth the Kirkyaird, Stevenson Calriona ;,i892) xv. Ayr.
Be-north the Roman wa', Burns Fragment, 8.
[Be-, by -1 norlh.]
BENSE, 5Z).\ V. and adv. Sc. [bens.]
1. sb. Any violent movement, as a blow, a spring ; also
fig. vigour, energy.
Bnfi.' He fell afl o's chair wee a great bcnse. He gced into the
hoose wee a bense. He hiz a bense wee's wark.
2. V. To walk, move with violence or roughness.
Bnff.' He came bensin' ben the fleer.
Hence (i) Bensan, vbl. sb. the act of showing great
vigour in walking or working ; (2) Bensin, ///. adj.
vigorous, bouncing.
(I'l Bnff.' He bauds an aul' bensan but an' ben the trance, (a)
Bnff.' A big bensin' bessie o' a wife.
3. adv. Violently.
Bnff.' He came bcnse against the wa'.
[The same as ME. buiiscii, ' tundcre,'cp. Bremen btotsen
{ll'lbc/i.).]
BENSE, sb.'' Nhb. Cum. [bens.] A cow's stall.
N.Cy.', Nhb.' Cum. Linton Lake Cy. (1864) 297.
[A word found in many LG. dials, in the sense of a barn
or spec, a place in a barn where the sheaves are heaped
up. LG. (Saxony) bansr, baitseii (Bergiiaus) ; Hesse
A««5c, i(7«sf« (Vilmar) ; V>vcmcr\ baiise (IVtbch.); Holstcin
baiisc, a pile of wood for fuel {Idiotikon). The proper E.
equiv. of this word is boose.]
BENSHI, see Banshee.
BENSIL, V. and sb. Sc. All the n. counties to Lin.
Also War. Glo. Written also bensel N.Cy." Nhb.' Dur.'
Wm.' w.Yks.'^sw.Lin.'; bencil Yks. n.Lin.'; banccl Yks.
Lan. War.^ ; bansil Lan.' Chs.' s.Chs.' ; bansell Lan.*
Chs.*; bansel Chs.' Stf.' nw.Der.' War.» [bensU,
ba-nsl.]
1. V. To thrash, to beat soundly ; to drive away.
N.Cy.', Nhb.', Dur.' Cum.' A.V1 bensal ta. Wm.l Yks. Ray
(1691); Grose (1790^; I'll bensel your hide (K.^. ne.Yks.'
e.Yks. Leeds Mere. Siippl. (Sept. 12, 1891^. w.Yks. I'll bcnsil
thy hide, lad, if I catch tha, Cudworth IVorsledopolis 1888 a6 ;
I'll bensil thi jacket for tha (H.L.) ; w.Yks.' I . . . bcnsil'd her
purely, ii. 288 ; w.Yks.235 Lan.' Aw'll bansell thi hide for thi. if
thae'i-t not ofT. ne.Lan.' Chs.' Bansel his hide ; Chs.^ s.Chs.'
AhjOI baansil yoaT baak' fo 3-Ci [I'll bansil yo'r back fo' yo]. Stf.',
Der.^, nw.Der.' Not. What's thee arter, bensilling Bunkus a' that
how ? N. & Q. (1865) 3rd S. vii. 212. nXln. Sutton ll'ds. 1881) ;
n.Lin.' I'll bcnsil you if iver I find you here agean. sw.Lin.*
War. I'll bansel his hide for him, 'a 'nointed young scomp ( J.B., ;
I i 2
BENSOME
[244]
BENT
He got well banselkd (W.B.T.) ; War.^ Bancel the dogs out.
GIo. NoRTHALL Flk-Pkr. (1894).
Hence Bensilling, (i) vbl. sb. a thrashing, a beating ; (2)
fpl. adj. sharp, biting.
Cum., Wni. Ill gi' the' a good benslen' (J.M.). Wm. I'll giv him
a benslin myscl' wi' thi stick, Bowness Studies (1868) 28 ; Wm.i
Yks. [He] would give them all ... a rect good beuzilling, Deiiimm
Tiacls (ed. 1892', I. 120. e.Yks. Tom gav his lad a good bencillin
for Eteealin taties, Nicholson Flk Sp. (1889) 23 ; e.Yks.^ MS.
add. (T.H.) w.Yks. He gav Ben a bencilin' wi t'mule tail, Tom
Treddlehoyle Bairnsla Ann. (1850) 31 ; An' then objects to
t'bencillin' at shoo gets, Preston Yksntan. (1878) 138. Lan.
Thy gronfeyther gan nie mony a good bancellin, Brierley
Waverlow (1863) 77, ed. 1884. n.Lin. A good bensillin' we'd be
biggest blessin' 'at could cum to him. Peacock Taales (1889) 88 ;
n.Lin.' Dick stoal hairf th' pears off 3'on tree, soa I gev him a good
bensillin'. (2) Gall. The flesh dried flat to the bones with the
bensilling wind off the Baltic lands, Crockett Raiders (1894) vii.
2. To surpass, to outdo.
Chs. I can hansel you at that (E.M.G. ).
Hence (i) Bensiler,s6. anything very large ; of. banger,
bender ; (2) Bensiiing, ppl. adj. ot" persons : rough,
awkward, overbearing.
Cum. (i) Ey min. it's abensiler(E.W.P.). (2) Agreet bensilin'
body ill. P.).
3. sb. A heavy blow ; any sudden or violent motion ;
violence of storm, fire, &c.
Sc. The bensel o' a fire (Jam.). Ab3. The bensil I'll bear. For
why sud I fear? Shirrefs Poems (1790) 55. Gall. The wind
came again in sharp cold bensles, Crockett Raiders (1894') xxv.
Cum. A hangrell gang Com' with a bensil owre the sea, Stagg
Misc. Poems (1807) 61. ne.Yks.i Give him a good bensil.
4. Fig. A severe rebuke.
Sc. I got a terrible bensell (Jam.).
5. A place exposed to the violence of the storm.
Frf. The bensill o' the brae (Jam.).
[1. Bensil (a low and local word), to beat, to bang, Ash
(1795). 2. Ourweltit wyth the bensell of the ayris (oars),
Douglas Eiieados (1513) ed. 1874, •"• 201. Cp. LG. botd-
se/ii, beiise/ii, ' Mit Ruthen streichen' (Berghaus) ; so
EFris. {Koolman).
BENSOME, odj. Sc. Quarrelsome. See Bense, sb.^
Abd. Some bann'd the bensome billies, Skikker Poems (1809J 12.
BENSTICKLE, see Banstickle.
BENT, sb. Sc. Irel. and in gen. use in n. and midl.
counties and e.An. Also Ken. Sur. Hmp. I.W. Wil.
Som.
I. 1. Any coarse grass, esp. that found on moorlands
or near the sea. Usually in collect, s/h^. See Bennet, sZ).'
Lnk. Rinnin' aboot amang the bent and heather, Fk.xser tVhaups
(1895 1 i. Lth. Till laid we are beneath the bent. My faithfu' Will
an' me, Bruce Poems (1813) 138. Slk. Bare as broon bent in
summer-drought, Chr. North Nodes (ed. 1856) HI. aor. N.Cy.'
Used sometimes for thatch. Nhb.' Sand through which the long,
thick, wiry bent shoots up luxuriantly, Consitt Life Si. Cuthbert
(1887) 50. Cum. Riding through the lang green bent, Gilpin
Ballads (1874) 44. n.Yks. Ling in some places mixed with bent and
rushes, Tuke ^^nf. (1800) 15; n.Yks.'^, nc.Yks.^ e.Yks. Mar-
shall Rur. Eeon. (1788). w.Yks. Mossy peeats amang t'bent,
Blackah SoH^s (1867) 38 ; (S.K.C.); w.Yks.' When t'bent'ssnod,
hask, cranchin an slaap, ii. 285; w.Yks. ^3, Chs.'^, Nrf.', Suf.'
Som. 'J.S.F.S.) ; W. & J. Gl. (18731.
2. The seed-stalks of grass, esp. when old and dry.
w.Yks. Yeller-bnd builds it nest o bents and hoss-hair (,W.F.).
s.Chs.' Ahy)v bruwt yii u bent u siim kob ky'eynd u gres, sey iv
yoa' noam wot it iz [I've browt yO a bent o' some cob keind o'
gress, sey if yo known what it is]. Der.', Not. (L.C.M.) s.Not.
Ah inun mow the bents off with a scythe (J. P.K.). Not. '2, n.Lin.',
sw.Lin.' Rut.' There was nothing staunch where I stood on'y
bents. Lei. (CE.) ; Lei.' Gen. used in a collective sense in the pi.
Nlip.2, War. (J.R.W.), War.3 s.-Wor. (F.W.M.W.) ; (H.K.)
se.Wor.' Shr.' The peasant children pluck bents, and fashion
them into coronets and other pretty quaint devices. They employ
them also as threads upon which to string wild strawberries.
The term is generally used in the pi. form. Hrf.'^, Glo. (A.B.),
Glo.', Hrt. (H.G.), Hnt. (T.P.F.i, e.An.' Suf. Kainbird Agrie.
(1819) 288, ed. 1849; Suf.', Ken. (.P.M.), Sur.', Hmp.' I.'W.
The short pale-yellow bents which rose sparsely above the fine
rich down-turf. Gray Amiesley (1889) I. 3. "Wil.'
3. Hence (i) Benting, vbl. sb. in phr. to go a-benling, of
pigeons: to be driven by hunger to eat the seeds of grass;
(2j Benting-time, sb. the time when 'bents' or grass-seeds
are ripe ; (3) Benty, adj. of the nature of bent; of land:
covered with bent.
(il Lin.i When the dove goes a-benting, The farmer is lamenting.
Der.' Pigeons never know such woe. As when they a-benting go.
e.An.' Suf. Rainbird Agrie. ( 1819) 288, ed. 1849 ; Suf.' The dow
she dew no sorrow know Until she dewabenten go. [Ray Prov.
(1678)49.] (2) Lin.', Suf.' Hmp. Lisle OAs.//«5i. (1757) ; Hmp.'
f3) Lnk. He had yet tae cross A haggy, benty, splashy moss,
Thomson Musings (1881) 62. Gall. A plain surface of benty turf
lay before him, Crockett Bog-Myrtle (1895) 292. Nhb. Feeding
on yon benty hill, Armstrong IVanny Blossoms (i8-]6) 23 ; Brush'd
the benty dews before them, Graham Moorl. Dial. (1826) 5 ;
Nhb.' Benty-knots are the large tough patches formed by Jimcus
sqnarrosiis. Cum. Benty turf had the bent grass mixed with the
ling, which made it valuable for fuel (M.P.). n.Yks. Pastures . . .
of a coarse benty quality, TuKE.^.^n'1:. (i8oo) 200 ; n.Yks.' Nobbut
puir benty mess wiv nae natur in it ; n.Yks.^ w.Yks. It's a pooer
gersin field, it lewks so benty. Lucas Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) v ;
w.Yks.'' Bent grass is often called benty grass. Nhp. A sedgebird
built its little benty nest, Clare Poems (1835) 117. Ken. (P.M.),
Sur.'
4. Coinp. (i) Bent-lark, the corn bunting, Einbcriza
niiHaria; (2) -stool, Jiinms sqnarrosiis; also called stool-
bent, q.v. See also Bent-grass.
(i) Nrf., Hmp. Nature Notes, No. ii. (2) Nhb. Annals Agrie.
(1784-1814).
5. Applied specifically to various grasses, rushes, and
other plants: (1) Agrostis vulgaris {n.Yks.); (2) Alopcntrus
pralensis, meadow fox-tail grass (Shr.) ; (3) Calhtna
vulgaris, heather (Chs.) ; (4) Cyiiosiinis cn's/aliis (Cum.
s.Bck.) ; (5) Erica cimrea (Chs.) ; (6) Hypochoeris radicala
(e.Yks.); (']) Jiiticiis sqiiarrosiis {'^hh. e.Yks.); (8} Lo/iiim
pereiine, rye-grass (Bdf.); (9) Phleuin pratense, cafs-tail
grass (Shr.); (10) Plaiitago lanceolata (Wil. e.Vks.) ; (11)
P. major, plantain (Wil.); (12) Psaiiima arenaria {n.Cy.
e.An.) ; (13) Triticiiinjtiiiceiim (Suf.).
(2) Shr.' (3) w.Chs. Holland Sheaf (1883) III. 15. Chs.>
(9) Shr.i (10, II) ■Wil.'
II. 1. A sandy hillock or knoll covered with 'bent' or
coarse grass ; also called bent-hill.
Sc. No eye of ours could spy what was passing behind there in
the bents, Stevenson Catriona (1892) xiii. Fir. He flounder't
owr until the bents, Tennant Papistry (1827") 89. w.Yks. Amang
t'bent hills an' ling-bobs, Blackah Songs (1867) 37.
2. The open field. In phr. to take (to) the bent, to fly for
safety to the moors.
Sc. Take the bent, Mr. Rashleigh. Make ae pair o" legs worth
twa pair o' hands, ScoTT Rob Roy (1817) xxv. Per. The shepherd
frae the bent, Nicoll Poems (1837) 226, ed. 1843. Kcd. Look up
the hill, aboon the bent, Jamie Muse (1844) 98. Lnk. Till black-
ness black the bent, Ramsay Gentle Sliep. (1725) 70, ed. 1873.
Ayr. I'd better herdit on the bent, Sillak Poems (1789) 106.
Uls. (M. B.-S.) Nhb. Tyneside's winsome lasses Wha lightly bound
over the bent, Richardson Borderer's Table-bk. (1846) VII. 78.
3. The slope or hollow of a hill, a hillside.
Sc. O'er the bent of Killiebraid, Scott IVavcrley (1814) xL
Rnf. When winter's snaw gaes aff the bent, Allan Ev. Hours
(1836)128. Uls. (M.B.-S.), N.Cy.' Lan. (J.L.) s.Lan. Bamford
Gl. (1846) 17. Shr.i
[I. 1. Bent, a kind of grass or rush, Ash (1795); A bent,
bents, JHiiciis, scirpiis, Coles (1679) ; He cared not for dint
of sword nor speere. No more then for the stroke of
strawes or bents, Spenser F. Q. vi. iv. 4 ; A bente or
small rushe, iimciis, Baret (1580). II. 2. In ane instant
scho and hir court was hence, jit still abaid thir musis on
the bent, Douglas Pal. Honour (1501) ed. 1874, I. 41 ;
Than spake a berne upon the bent, Otterbourne in Percy's
Reliqiies, ed. 1887, I. 41. 3. A bent, steep place. Coles
(1677) ; And downward from an hille, under a bente Ther
stood the temple of Mars armipotente, Chaucer C. T. a.
1981.]
BENT, adj. Cum. [bent.] Bleak.
Cum. Nay, but it's a bent place, Caine Shad. Crime (1885) 102 ;
Cum.' Yon's a bent pleass o' your's.
[The same as Bent, sb. (see II. 2).]
BENTALL
[245]
BERRY
BENTALL, sb. and {'. Lin. Ken. [bentl.]
1. sh. An iron cultivator or composite drag, invented by
Edward liamniond Bentall, nscd for tearing up the sur-
face of land. n.Lin.', Ken. (P.M.)
2. V. To use a ' bentall.'
n.Lin.', Ken. (P.M.)
BENT-GRASS, sb. (i) Affrostis vulgaris (Nhb. Cum.
Win.) ; I2) Aiia caespilosa, M A.Jlcxtiosa (svv.Cum.) ; (4)
Cyiiosiinis crisfa/iis (Cum. s.Bck.).
(i) Nhb.l, Wm.'
BENTLAND, sb. s.Pcm. Land that has been pared
and burnt.
s.Pem. Laws Lil/k Eng. (1888) 419.
BENTLE, sb. e.An. [bentl.]
1. Coarse reedy grass; the seed-stalks of grass. Cf.
bent.
Suf. Rainbird Agric. (1819) 288, ed. 1849 '< Suf.' [The dove is]
forced to betake lierself to the seeding bentles.
2. In pi. land by the seashore overgrown with grass.
e.An.' Bentles, the low, sandy, flattish land on parts of the
Suffolk coast. Suf.i Bentles is the low, sandy, flattish land >i.
of Landguard foit (s.v. Bent).
3. Name given to (i) Triliciim jiincettm (Suf) ; (2)
Psainiiia areitatia (e.An.).
BENTON PRY, sb. sw.Cum. The plant Aira
caespilosa.
BENWEED, sb. Sc. Irel. [be'nwid.] The common
ragwort, Soiccio Jacoboea. Cf. bunwede.
Ayr. The Scottish witches always went by air on broomsticks
and benweeds, Galt Legatees (1820) ii. N.I.' Don. In chill
October withered benweeds rustled like footsteps on the brae,
Cornh. Mag. XXXV. 181.
BEO, sb. Yks. In phr. go to beo, go to sleep.
n.Yks. A very common word ; when a mother was trying to get
across child to sleep she would say, ' Gan to Beo, darling' (W.H.) ;
Leeds Aloe. Siippl. (Sept. 19, 1891).
BE-OWE, V. Yks. Written beawe m.Yks.' [bi-§-.]
To own, possess.
n.Yks. There's neaboddy knows wheea beowes it, Ping/ey
Herald N. & Q. (1886). m.Yks.' Who be-awes this barn [child].
[Be- + oive {to own).]
BEPITY, V. Som. To commiserate, to pity.
Som. W. &J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.' Aay sheod u beepiit'ced uur
moo'ur, neef t-ad-n u-biin ur oam fau'ut [I should have pitied her
more, if it had not been her own fault].
[Mercy on him, poor heart ! I bepitied him, so I did,
Fielding Tom Jones (1749) Bk. x. ix.]
BEQUEATH, sb. Obs. Dev. A bequest.
Dev. Obs. (R.P.C. ) nw.Dev.' This is the invariable form in the
Hartland Ch. Ace. 1597-1706.
[Rec. the full of the beqwcth of Mother Belser xxxiijs,
Chinxhw. Ace. St. Dunstaii's, Caiilerb. (1490) (N.E.D.). The
same as bequeath, vb.]
BER, see Birr, Bur.
BERAFFLED, pp. Yks. [bira'fld.] Perplexed, en-
tangled. Cf. raffle, v.
n.Yks. In fairly common use (R.H.H.) ; Ah'ssair beraffled what
te deea (T.S.) ; n.Yks.2
BERAG, V. Ken. Also written bereg. [birae'g,
bire'g.] To worry, harass, annoy. Cf rag, v.
Ken. The relieving officer beregged her so. Still used, but not
common (W.F.S.).
BERAY, V. II rf. Written bewray Hrf.' To defile
with ordure, to dirty.
Hrf.i The birds bewray the church. s.Hrf. A'. & Q. (1882') 6th
S. vi. 199. [It's an ill bird that berays its own nest, Ray Piov.
(1678) 102.]
[To beray, inquino, concaco, Coles (1679) ; You have
berayed your gowne with myer, vous auea emboue vostre
robe, Palsgr. (1530).]
BERBINE, sb. Obs. Ken. Verbena officinalis.
Ken. (K.!, Ken.'
[Fr. verveim (Cotgr.) ; cp. Bearnais dial, berbe'e (Lespy).]
HERE, 56. Obsol. Shr.' A pillow-case. See Pillow.
here.
[And many a pilow, and every here Of clothe of Reynes,
to slepe softc, Chaucer Duchesse (1369) 254. A word
found in LG. dials. Holstein biire (le/iolikoii) ; Bremen
biiren (Il'Ibc/i.) ; Altmark biir (Dan.neil) ; Pomcr. biire
(Dahnert) ; MLG. bure (Schiller-Lubben) ; Flem. biier
(PLAiNTIN).]
BERG, sb. S. & Ork.' A rock.
[Iccl. berg, a rock (Vigfusson).]
BERG, see Bargh.
BERGANDER, sb. e.An. Ess. I.W. Also written
bargander e.An.' The sheldrake, Tcuionia conttita.
e.An.i Ess. SwAiNSON Birds (1885) 153. I.W. A'. &^ Q. (1886)
7tli S. i. 239.
[Birgander, a kind of wild goose, Phillips (1706); A
birgander, clieiialopex. Coles (1679); Cravaiit, the small
goose-like fowl, tearmed, a brigander, Cotgr. ; A bar-
gander, vulpancer. Levins Maiiip. (1570) 79. Cp. MLG.
bcrgdiit, 'Anas tadorna ' (SciiiLLER-LiJBBEN).]
BERGLE, sb. S. cl- Ork. Also written bergell
S. & Ork.^ (Jam.) The fish wrasse, Lahriis tinea.
Or.I. The wrasse, that has here got the name of bergle, frequents
such of our shores as have high rocks and deep waters, Barry
//(5/. O/*. (1805) 389 (Jam. \ S. &Ork.i [Satchell (1879).]
[Prob. a der. of berg (sb.), q.v.]
BERGYLT, 51!'. Sh.I. Also written berguylt.
1. The fish. Black Goby.
Sh.I. It is called berguylt in Zetland, Edmonston Zell. (1809) II.
30 Jam.). S. & Ork.'
2. The Norwegian haddock, Sebasteo Norcegicus.
Sh.I. ; K.I.) [S.\TCHEI.L ,1879).]
[Norw. dial, berggylle, ' labrus ' (at Trondhjem berggalt
(Aasen) ; der. of berg, see Berg, sb.]
BERLIN, sb. Obsol. Sc. Also written barling,
bierling. A half-decked galley or rowing boat.
Sc. There's a place where their berlins and gallies, as they ca'd
them, used to lie in, Scorx Guy M. (1815) xl. n.Sc. He kept
always a bierlin or galley in the place with ten or twelve armed
men, Statist. Ace. VI. 292 (Jam.). Sth. I have heard it only
once used (J.M.). Inv. (H.E.F.)
[Gael, birlinii, a galley, a bark; Mir. beirling. A word
of Norse origin; cp. ON. byrSingr, a ship of burden, der.
of byrSr, burden (Macbain). Cp. MLG. bordinge, a ship
(ScHiLLER-LiJBBEN), Bremen bording {Wtbc/t.).]
BERM, see Barm.
BERRIL, see Borrill.
BERRITHATCH, sb. Obs. Som. Litter for horses.
See Thatch.
n.Som. [Used] in the court rolls of y° mannor of Chuton
[Chewton] (K.).
[Berri- for beddi, beddin, bedding + l/iatc/i. For berri=
beddi cp. taeurees, ace. to A. J. Ellis the pron. of tae'udees,
taties, potatoes (F.T.E.).]
BERRY, sb.*- Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Chs. Lin.
Wil. [bsTi.]
1. The gooseberry, fruit of Ribes grossularia.
N.I.', Dur.' Cum. Tha hed barns an bits o' flesh presar\-ed i"
bottles as fwok dus berries, Borrowdale Lett, (1787) 5, ed. 1866 ;
Whokemunbe eh danger eh pricklan ther fingers, if they try teh poo
enny berries eh t'dark, Sargisson Joe Scoap (i88t) 34 ; In the
report of a show of fruit and flowers, prizes were offered for berries
(M.P.); Com.', n.Yks.' ne.Yks.' There's a vast o' berries this
year. w.Yks. A very genus (of fruit) is offered to him under the
shape of berry tart, Hamilton NiigaeLil. (1841) 312 ; Leeds Merc.
Siippl. (Sept. 19, 1891 ; Go pull som' berries an' I'll mak' the' a
berry-pie (W.F.); Hlf.v. U'ds. ; Ah want a penn'orth o' catin"
berries (F.P.T.) ; w.Yks.'^^is^ Chs.'^^ n.Lin.' I'vesell'da many
berries e' my time. sw.Lin.' I've gathered a good few berries for
market.
2. Cow/, (i) Berry.bush, a gooseberry bush; (2) .cake,
(3) -pie, gooseberry pie ; (4) .sluffs, the skins of goose-
berries ; (5) -tree, see -bush.
(I) Nhb. The berry bushes, the rhubarb, and the cabbages in
the garden, Tyncdale Studies (i896',iv. Cum. A lease in which among
other covenants the tenant is restricted from injuring or destroying
orchards, fruit-trees, berry-bushes, &c. (M.P.) Yks. A few berry
bushes, a black currant tree or two, Gaskell Sylvia (1863) I. i;
There was a blight upo' th' berry-bushes, Howitt Hope oil , 1840)
i.t. sw.Lin.' The berrj'bushes are well ragg'd to year. 1 21 Cum.
(M.P. ; (J.Ar.) (3I Cum. (M.P.) ; J.Ar.) n.Yks.^ ' We'll soon
find out if he's Yorkshire,' said the Londoner; ' ask him if he likes
BERRY
[246]
BESETMENT
berry-pie.' w.Yks.^ CUs.', n.Lin.l (4) n.Yks.2 w.Yks. Lceiis Merc.
Stippl. I Sept. 19, 1891). (5) Yks. Shakkin' like a berry-tree vvi' a
barn at it, Yks. Comet (1844 pt. i. 3. ne.Yks.i w.Yks. How are the
berry-trees coming on ? ^F.P.T. ) ; Tliey gate a berry-tree, Yks.
IVkly. Post (Feb. i, 1896). n.Lin.i
3. The grain of wheat.
yva. Reports Agi-ic. (1793-1813'! ; Wheat is a ' good berry'when
the ear is plump and well filled, Davis Agric. (1813). s.Wil. This
is found to improve the grain, provincially the ' berry,' Marshall
Revietv (181 ■]) V. 218. Wil.l There's a very good berry to-year.
[The longer corn continues in the ground . . . the berry [is] more
plump, full, and weighty, Ray (1691) 15; Such ground as bears
sour grass . . . will not bear a plump berry, but a thin coarse sort.
Lisle Husbandry (1757).]
BERRY, sb.'^ and v.^ Hrf. Brks. Hmp. I.W. Som.
Also written berrey I.W.* [baTi.]
1. sb. A rabbit warren, a group of rabbit holes. See
Bury.
Brks.i. Hmp. (W.M.E.F.), I.W.l
2. V. Of animals: to burrow, to dig a hole in the ground.
Hrf. The 'oonts used to berry in the ground {Coll. L.L.B.).
w.Som.' Of a badger: Tidn a bit o' good to dig arter-n ; he can
berry vaster-n you can. A dog is said to berry, when he marks
and digs at a rabbit-hole.
[Berry, Cunnyberry, Latihuhmi cuniatlorum, Skinner
(1671) ; Tute, a hole, or berry made by a coney, Cotgr.]
BERRY, sb? Sc. In phr. to be no the berry, to be of
bad character, untrustworthy.
Bnff.i Abd. The ' Twinkling Star' is very handy, true, But,
Peter Pink, their whiskey's nae the berrie, Ogg Willie Waly (1873)
21. Per., Fif. In rare use (J.M.).
BERRY, v? Obsol. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks.
1. To beat, to cudgel.
Rxb. To berry a bairn (Jam.). Gall. Ye'U hae to get berried
and scartit, whammelt and riven, till ye learn as I hae learned,
Crockett 7?njf/«.s (1894) ii ; Still so used (,W.G.). Cum. (M.P.)
2. To thresh corn. See Barry,
Dmf. (Jam.) Gall. I'll berry your crap by the light o' the moon,
Nicholson Hist. Tales (1843) 82. n.Cy. Grose (1790); (K.);
N.Cy.'2 Nhb. Morton Cyclo. Agric. (18631 : Nhb.i He's been
berryin' aa the day. Cum. Obs. (M.P.); (H.W.); Cnm.^ n.Yks.
He[Hobb]'Il coomnae mair,nowther to berry nor stamp. Obs. forty
years ago, Atkinson Moorl. Parish (1891) 56; (I.W.) ; n.Yks.'
The word is extinct here as to daily use, and only preserved in a
couplet connected with the ' Hob ' traditions.
Hence (i) Barrier, sb. a thresher; (2) Berrying, vbl. sb.
the act of threshing ; (3) Berrying-skin, sb. a dried horse's
skin used for threshing upon, to prevent the grains sticking
to the floor ; (4) Berry(ing-stead, sb. a flat threshing-
floor.
(0 n.Cy. (K.) ; Grose (1790) ; N.Cy.* Cum. Linton Lake Cy.
(1864) 297. (2) Cum. A teeran haund At berry'an biggor shearan,
Lonsdale Upshot (1811) ; Cum.^ (3) Cum. Down wid a buryin
skin onta t'leath floor, Dickinson Farm Life (i86g) 6; Cum.i
(4) n.Cy. (K.) ; Kennett Par. Antiq. (1695"! ; N.Cy.*
[Berry, to thresh, Coles (1677). ^^e same word as
Barry, v.\
BERRY-BARN, 56. Obs.t Sc. A name for the third
finger. [Not known to our correspondents.]
Sc. Thumbkin brak the barn, Lickpot stealt the corn, Langman
carried it awa, Berrybarn stood and saw, Wee Pirly Winkie paid
for a', Chambers Pop. Rhymes (18701 20.
BERRY-BREAKER, sb. Hmp. The hawfinch, Coco-
thraustes vulgaris.
Hmp. So called from its fondness for cherry-stones, Swainson
Birds (1885) 60.
BERRY-BROWN, s6. Obs. Nhb. Nut-brown ale.
Nhb.' Had I but kcnn'd aw, when I was in the town, I 'ad spent
t'other groat on the brisk beny-brown, yoco-Scn'oKS Disc. (1686) 3.
[In ballad lit. berry-brown is a very common epithet of
a horse and a sword. He mounted on his berry-brown
steed. Clerk Colvill, 4, in Child's Pop. Ball. (1884) 387 ;
And now he drew his berry-brown sword, Kemp Oivyiie,
26, ib. II. 313.]
BERRY-MOUCHER, sb. Wil.
1. A truant from school in blackberry season. See
Blackberry -moucher.
Wil.' Widely used.
2. The blackberry, Riibtisfritticosits.
Wil.' At Huish, and occasionally elsewhere, virtually confined
to the berries themselves ; often corrupted into Penny-moucher
or Perry-moucher bv children.
BERTH, sb. Yks.
1. Position, occupation ; a settled home.
n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.2 A fat berth. A hungry berth. Hehasno^vthir
bairn nor berth.
2. A foothold, grasp.
Yks. He's got a good berth for his feet. Get a good berth on
it with both hands. We can get no berth on't (C.C.R.).
BERTH, V. Obs. Ken. To place or lay a floor.
Ken.GROSE(i7go) ; Lewis/. Tenct\iTi6) ; Obs. (P.M.) ; Ken.'*
Hence Berthing-boards, sb. flooring-boards. Ken.*
BERTHY, see Birthy.
BERVIE, sb. Sc. [be'rvi.] A haddock dried in the
smoke of a wood-fire. Also called Bervie-haddock.
Sc. They have their name from Inverbervie in Kcd., as they are
all mostly prepared in the vicinity (Jam.). Per. Hendry had
been to the fish-cadger in the square to get a bervie, Barrie
Thrums (i889> xx.
BER-WICK SAUCE, sb. Nhb.^ The water in which
a salmon has been boiled, served up as a sauce. Also
called Dover (q.v.).
BESACKED,/>/i. Yks. Also written besecked n.Yks.*
[bisa'kt, bise'kt] Discharged from employment.
n.Yks. Fairly common i^R.H.H.) ; n.Yks.*
BESCUMMER, v. Obsol. Som. Dev. Also written
beskummer Som. To besmear with dirt ; fig. to abuse,
calumniate.
Som. Jennings 04s. Dial. tv.Eiig. (1825") ; W. & J. Gl. (1873).
w.Som.' Ee beeskuum-urd-n oavur wuul" [he abused him
thoroughly] ; but ' Ee beeskuum'urd-n aui oa-vur' means he be-
smear'd him all over with filth. n.Dev. Rock Ji>it an Nell (1867)
Gl. Dev.3 Obsol. I dii want e tQ clayne the chimmer proper, and
not bescummer the planche all awver. Ef yu got ort tu zay agin
'er, zay et tu wance, and not bescummer the poor zawl be-ind 'er
back.
[Did Block bescumber Statute's white suit with the
parchment lace, Jonson Staple of News (1625) v. ii. Be-
+ sai)i!i)ter (vb.), q.v.]
BESEEK, i;. Sc. Nhb. Also written beseik. [bisrk.]
To beseech.
Sc. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Turn agayne, we beseik thee,
RiDDELL Ps. (1857) Ixxx. 14. e.Lth. Jenny had to come ben and
beseek us no' to mak sic a noise. Hunter J. Inwick (1895) 234.
N.Cy.', Nhb.l
[We the beseik, this day be fortunable To ws Tirianis,
Douglas Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, 11. 63 ; I beseke 30U, or
))at je smyte, Lay doune )>is kyrcheffe on myn eghne,
York Plavs (c. 1400) 65. Be- + seek (OE. scca>t)J\
BESEEM, V. Yks. Lan. [bisi'ni.] To become, befit.
n.Yks.* It didn't beseem 'em. Lan. It would beseem her better
if boo wur stonnin i' th' front of a weshin'-mug, Waugh Chimn.
Corner (1874) 27, ed. 1879.
[It would beseem the Lord Northumberland To say
' King Richard,' Shaks. Rich. II, iii. iii. 7.]
BESEEN, see Bisson.
BESEPTS, prep, and coiij. Glo. Wil. Also written
beseps. [bise'pts, biseps.]
1. prep. Except, with the exception of.
Glo. 'Tain't offen as we 'as a bit o' mate . . . beseps a jint o' a
casalty ship, Buckman Darke's Sojourn (1890) iii. Wil.' Here's
my yeppurn they've a'bin and searched, and I've a-got narra
'nother 'gin Zunday besepts this ! Akerman Tales (1853) 138.
2. con/. Except, unless.
Glo. 'What's the matter wi' un, Jeames, is er dead ? — Djed ! no !
beseps djed drunk! Buckman Darke's Sojourn (1890) ix ; Thay
bean't content beseps thaay be Members o' Parlyment, ib. xv.
[A contam. oi e.xcept with the be- of besides.]
BESET, V. Obsol. Lin. To attack.
Lin. Not very common (J.C.W.). n.Lin. Thaay do saay he was
beset wi' a wild lion out 3'onder (M.P.); (E.P.)
[Draw forth thy weapon, we are beset with thieves,
Sn.\Ks. 7". Shreiv, in. ii. 238.]
BESETMENT, sb. StI. Dcv. [Not known to our cor-
respondents.] A besetting weakness or sin.
n.Stt. It's my bcsctment to forget where I am, Geo. Eliot A. Bede
BESGAN
[247]
BESOM
(18591 I- i3'- Dev. Amongst the besetments of the cultivators . . .
is that of trusting to negative evidence, Trans. Dev. Assoc. (1867)
II. 36; (R.P.C.l
BESGAN, sb. Cor. Also in forms biscan, vescan
Cor.'^ A leather finger-glove or cloth bandage, used by
harvest women to protect a wounded finger.
Cor.ia [Grose 1790) MS. ail<l. i,C.)J
[A Cornish (Celtic) word. Der. oiCormsh bis (l)ys,bcs),
finger ; cp. Wei. hvs (Stokes Urkell. Sprachschals, 175).]
BESHACHT, pp. Sc. (Jam.) 1. Not straight, dis-
torted. Cf. shach, V. Ags. 2. Torn, tattered, with the
idea of dirtiness. Per.
BESHAME, V. Glo. [bijem.] To shame; to be
ashamed.
Glo. I never was so beshamed in all my life afore, GissiNC Both
0/ this Parish (1889") I. 115 ; Ye were born to beshameyour parish,
16.286. n. Glo. Oiso/. ril beshame you afore anybody 'S.S.B.); Be-
shame to you ! Obsol. (H.S.H.)
[Beshame me not, Metr. Psalter (c. 1567) xxxviii. 12.]
BESIDE(S, prep. Irel. Yks.
1. In comparison with, by the side ot.
Ir. The people are hen hearted now, besides what they uscJ to
be in my time, Carleton Traits Peas, (1843) I. 191. Ldd. In very
common use (A.J. I.).
2. Except, excepting.
Ant. Beside her own mother (S.A.B.).
3. In phr. beside a, close by, alongside of.
w.Yks. Nah beside a theaze . . . wor a long glass caise, Tom
Treddlehovle Fr. E.\-liibiiioii (c. 1856) 30 ; Beside a here wor
a man, ib. Trip ta London (1851") 23.
BESLITTEN, ppl. adj. Lin. Slit.
Lin. (J.C.W. ) n.Lln.' I slit a sheet, a sheet I slit ; A new be-
slittcn sheet was it.
BESLOBBER, v. Nhp.' Shr.« To eat in a slovenly
manner, to render wet or dirty by spilling food on the
clothes.
BESMORTH. v. Wxf ' To besmear.
BESMOTTER. ;;. Ubsol. Shr.'* Also in form be-
smatter Shr.' To smear or daub with mud or dirt.
[Bcsmottered, besmutted. Kersey (1715) ; His face he
schew besmotterit for a bourd, Douglas Eiieados (1513I
ed. 1874, II. 245 ; Of fustian he wered a gipoun Al bi-
smotercd, Chaucer C. T. a. 76.]
BESMUDGE, v. Nhp. Shr. To smear, to soil with
mud or dirt.
Nhp.i Shr.' W'y, Tummy, w'eerever han yo bin to besmudge
yoreself all o'er athatns ? Shr.^
BESOGNE, sb. Lei. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] Business, affairs.
Lei.' Mind your own besogne.
[Fr. besos^iie, business.]
BESOM, sA.' In gen. dial, use in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also written basam, bassam Dev. ; baysom Chs.* ; baz-
zom Cor. ; beesom Cum. e.Yks.' w.Yks. Chs.''^ Den' Rut.'
e.Sus. ; beesum w.Yks. ; beezoni Lan. Wil.' ; beysom
s.Chs.' ; bezome.Yks.' m.Yks.' Wil. ; bezum Glo. ; bissom
Glo. VVil.' ; bizzam Wm. ; bizzom Hrf ' Brks.' ; bizzum
se.Wor.' I.W.' ; burzom N.Cy.' ; buzzom Nhb.' Dur.' ;
buzzum Nhb. Dur. ; byssum "War. e.Sus.; byzant Dor.
1. A broom, made of birch or heather.
Sc. A new besom sweeps clean, Ramsay Prov. (1737''. Flf.
Oft we sweep the thrifty matron's house With besom quaint, in-
visible, and small, TENNANT.^Hs/f»-(i8i2) 143, ed. 1871. Ayr. Ding-
ing me about as if I had been nae better than a broom besom, Galt
Liiiriis (1826) xviii ; But I'll sued besoms — thraw saugh woodics.
Burns Dr. Blackloct {i-]8g' st. 6. e.Ltb. A' trades mauu live, as the
wife said whan she burnt her besom, hlv:<TER J. Inwiik {x8g^^ 134.
Gall. Keep aye plenty o' heather on the end o' the besom, Crcckett
5;()iio)iH(V 1895 xxvii. Dwn. (C.H.W.) n.Cy. Grose (1790 ;
N.Cy.i Ntib. 2 Bussims, srf., Di.xoN Wliillingluim Vale (18951 48 ;
Nhb.' He'll myek us broom-buzzomsfor nowse, ^Aidtokh Piltnan' s
Courtship (c. iB5[). Dur,* Cum. His chin was likest a moss
.beesom, Richardson 7"att (1871 ) 32, ed. 1876 ; (E.W.P.) Wm.
The light touch of a besom strikcth away in a moment. Hutton
Bran New ll'nrk (1785") 200 ; Wi' beards like besoms ower their
mouthes, Whitehead Z.c^. ^1859! 19. n.Yks. (H.M.) ; n.Yks.'*,
ne.Yks.', e.Yks.', ni.Yks.' w.Yks, The3' have need of a besom
that sweep the house with a turf, Prov. in Brighoiise Neivs (July
23, 1887) ; He worabesum hawker, Phesto.n Girlinglon Jm.Alm.
1875) 19 ; Tom struck at t'ratten wit beesom, Bywater Sheffield
Dial. (1839) 27, ed. 1877; (S.P.U.") Lan. Mary took the besom
to Luke, Francis £)a"^/i/rr o/'Soi/ (1895I 71 ; VfAUCH Besom Ben
Slories, title. Chs. Th' eend o' a baysom steel, Cloucii B. Brtss-
killle (1879) 3; Chs.' Gen. made of birch twigs; very freq. of
heather, when they are called ling-beesoms. Most of the beesoms
are manufactured by men who make it a regular business. The
beesoms arc tied together in neat bundles of half a dozen, and are
hawked about loaded on the backs of donkeys ; Chs.*, s.Chs.',
Stf.'2, Der.' 2, nw.Der.', Not.* n.Lin.' She's as good fer milkness
asabirk treais ferbeasoms. Rut.' The Clark for shovling of snow
and going Uppingham had 3 pints of ale and a new Beasam. gd.,
Chu)xhAcc.{l^66). Lei.', Nhp.' War. J. B.);War.3 Paid for heath
besoms, 5^., Aston Ch. Ace. (Trans. Arch. Soc. 1872). se.Wor.',
Shr.' Hrf.' ; Hrf.* There's tricks in all trades except bizzom-
makin, and then you puts the short in the middle. Glo. Jest look
at the boots as thee's a-bringing into th' 'ouse, . . .wipe 'em agin
the bissom, do, Buckman Darke's Sojourn (18901 ii; S.S.B.)
Brks.', Cmb.' e.An.' In some parts of Suf. called birch-broom,
and in Nrf. called ling-broom or besom. e.Sus. Hoi.loway. Hmp.',
I.W.' n.Wil. The besom of the gardener would have swept away
all traces, Jefferies Wild Life 11879"! 14. Wil. Slow GI. 1892) ;
Wil. '2 Dor. GI. (1851). Dev. If I were to meet old Tammy,
besom in hand, O'Neill Idylls 18921 30. n.Dev. Swept up the
hearth with an old besom. Chanter Witch ( 1896) 41. sw.Dev.
Zee what a pritty basam I've a brort, Pengellv Proline. ^1875)
40. Dev.3, Cor.*
2. Comp. (1) Besom-bet, the name given to the per-
sonator of a female in the ' Fond Plccaf ' procession on
Plough Monday ; (2) -busks, the thick abnormal growth
of small branches, freq. found in birch trees; (3I -clean,
clean only on the surface; (4 1 -head, the joint in an
apple-tree trunk where the branches separate ; (5) -maker,
a maker of brooms ; (6) -moss, the common hair-moss,
Polytrichimi coiiiinitiie; (7) -scauped, weak-minded,
stupid; (8) -shaft, (9) -shank, (10) -stael, (11) -stake, a
broomstick ; (12) -stuff, a name given to ling of which
brooms are made ; (13) -timber, see -stuff.
(1) e.Yks. Nicholson /7*-SA 11889 52 ; e.Yks.', n.Lin.i (a"*
n.Lin.' (3) n. Sc. (W.G.) (4) Wor. From what has been termed
the upright besom head, with a stem five feet long, Marshall
Review (,1818) II. 387. (5) Stf.* Ther's niv\'er a besom-maker i'
Castle na. Not. I first let the twigging to the besom makers,
Marshall Reiieiv (1814) IV. 161. i,6 Cum. Hutchinson Hist.
Ch/«. (1794) I. App. 43. (7, 8) n.Yks.* 1,9 N.Cy.' Nhb.Jonnie's
ghost was always to be seen . . . with a buzzom-shank over his
shoulder, Dixon Whittinghani Vale (1895^ 159; Nhb.' His fether
. . . browt up his family i' the fear o' the Lord an" the buzzom-shank.
Dur.' Cam. A besom shank her hand furst met, Stagg Misc. Poems
(1805) 90, ed. 1807. (lo) w.Yks. i^E.G.) Lan. Witches ridin
races upo' besom-stails, Brierley Old NooI;, ii. (u) Dor. Lawk!
I mid het she wi' a besom-stake, Hare Vill. Street 1895 47. (la)
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Siippl. ^Sept. 19, 1891 ) ; w.Yks.* Addle-moor
bezom-stufT — that growing on Addle-moor, near Leeds. n.Lin.'
' 131 w.Yks. T'land a bogs an' beesum-timber, To.M Treddlehovle
Bairnsla Ann. ^i866) 28.
3. In phr. (i) to hang out the besom, to invite friends
during the wife's absence from home ; (2) as fond as
a besom, very foolish, apt to commit absurd mistakes ; (3)
as drunk as a besom.
(1 ) Nhb.' The ancient sign of an inn was a projecting pole, with
a tuft, which gave it the appearance of a besom. Hence the phr.
to ' hing oot the buzzom' is an invitation to bachelor friends and
a sign of good cheer within. Cum.', n.Lin.' (a) Nhb.', n.Yks.',
ne.Yks.', ni.Yks.', w.Yks.*, n.Lin.' (3) w.Yks.*
[1. Besumme, scopa. Calh. Angl. (1483) ; Clensid with
besyms, Wvclif (1388) Matt. xii. 44. OE. bcsma; cp.
MHG. besem (mod. besen).]
BESOM, sb.^ Also written basom, bisom, bizzom,
busom Dev.''; basam Dev. (i) Calhina vulgaris, red
heath broom (Dev. Cor.); (2) Sarothammts scoparius,
common broom (Som. Dev.).
( 1 1 Dev.' The innocent vace o'en like basam, 26. Cor.* (al
w.Som.' Often called *gree'n buz'um.* An infusion of the leaves of
this plant is held to be the great specific in dropsical cases. Bwoil
down some green besom, 'tis the finedest thing in the wordle.
w.Dev. Marshall Rnr. Econ. (1796). Dev.'' As yellow as a basom.
BESOM
[248]
BESSY-BABS
[2 Then hid herself close in the besom of the broom,
Broomficld Hill, 9, in Child's Pop. Bal. (1884) 398; Besom,
a certayne rough and prickled shrubbe wherof bouchers
make their beesoms, ruscttm, Baret (1580). The same as
Besom, sb}]
BESOM, sb? Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. War. Glo.
Also written beesom w.Yks/^ Lan. ; beysom s.Chs.' ;
bezom m.Yks.* vv.Yks. ; buzzom Nhb.'
1. A term of reproach or contempt applied to a woman ;
esp. a woman of loose or slovenly habits.
Sc. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Turned a dy%'Our on my hands,
the auld besom, Scott TJcrfg-. (1824IXX ; To set up to besae muckle
better than ither folk, the auld besom, i'4. Old Mortality {iQit) viii ;
Gin't were ony bletherin' besom ! But me that's aye the model o'
discretion, Roy Horseman (1895) vii. Per. Your mither was a
feikil fushionless besom, Barrie Mimstey(iS<)i ) x. Gall. Elizabeth
Kirk is an impident besom, Crockett Slickit Miit. (1893) 66, ed.
1895 ; ' O, ye think ye're a braw lad," said the impudent besom, ib.
Haiders (1894) iv. m.Yks.l w.Yks. She's a besom, she is, Leeds
Mere. Suppl. (Jan. 12, 1884) ; w.Yks.* Lan. As aw wur tellin yoa
when that beesom put hur motty in, Staton Rays fro' Lootuinary
(c. 1861) 60 ; To think o' that theer owd besom talkin' i' that
rood to a lady, Burnett Hazuorths (1887) xii ; A proud saucy
besom hoc wur, Brierley Cast upon World \iS,Q6) 165. e.Lan.'
s.Lan. Hoo's a cockit young besom (F.E.T.). s.Chs.i Dhu yiing
beyzum)2au-viz i mis-chif [the young beysom'sauvays i' mischief].
Stf.2 Yo nasty imperent besom yo. War.* Used in the children's
game, ' Please, old woman, will you come out, . . . You nasty, dirty
besom"; War.^ A girl described as 'a besom' without a qualifying
adj. would imply unchastity. A ' young besom ' would mean a very
troublesome or impertinent child; while an ' impudent besom'
would mean an unendurably impudent girl. Glo.'*
Hence Besomer, sb. a term applied to a person of either
sex, of loose and slovenly habits.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Sept. 19, 1891).
2. A simpleton. Cf besom-head.
Nhb.' Thoo greet buzzom.
3. A vicious cow. w.Yks.*
[1. Prob. the same as Besom, sb.^ Cp. G. besen (in
students' slang), a contemptuous word for a maid-servant,
or a young girl (Paul).]
BESOM, V. Lan. "To sweep ; a\so/ig.
Lan. He'll [John Bright] be at th' yed of an army yet. ut'll besom
Europeofo' sorts o' creawned prowt, Brierley Old Jiadicirls, 11 ;
(S.W.)
BESOM-HEAD, sb. Yks. Lin. Also written bezom-
n.Yks.* m.Yks.' w.Yks.^ [bi'sam-iad.] A foolish, stupid
person. Cf besom, sb.^ 2.
n.Yks.'*, ne.Yks.i e.Yks. Nicholson /"/i-S/). (1889) 52. n.Lin.'
Hence Besom-headed, adj. weak-minded, stupid,
foolish.
n.Yks.l *, m.Yks.l, w.Yks.s
BESOUTH, prep. Sc. To the southward of.
Sc. This present act shall begin only, and take effect for those
bcsouth the water of Die, Act Seder. (Jan. 10, 1650) 64 (Jam.).
Per. Besouth the Forth (G.W.).
BESPATTLE, v. Shr.' Also written bespottle.
[bispastl, -spotl.] To bespatter, to cover with mud or
dirt.
[Papilloter, to bespattle, or spot with dirt, Cotgr. Be- +
spalllc (vb.), q.v.]
BESPEAK, V. Lin. Nhp. War. Hrf.
L To speak to ; to converse with.
n.Lin.' I niver bespeak him noo; he fell oot wi' me aboot that
foal o' mine among his tar's. We ewse'd to keap cump'ny, bud I
hevn't bespoak her sin' Martlemas.
2. To promise, to engage beforehand ; to order ; fig. to
be marked for death.
n.Lin.' He'll not fall to hev it, bein' as I've bespoak it fer you.
Miss. Hrf.* I saw he was bespoke a month ago.
3. Bespoke, pp. bewitched. Obsot.
Nhp.' The children are bespoke. What's the matter with you,
you're quite bespoke. War.^
[1. O out bespeaks the Outlaw's lady, Outlaw Murray,
12, in Child's Pop. Bal. (1894) 195; Quern. My gentle
lord, bespeak these nobles fair, IVIarlowe Ediv. II (1590)
I. iv. 2. To bespeak ware. Coles (16791.]
BESPELT, ppl. adj. Nhp. [bispelt] Bewitched,
mischievous.
Nhp.' ' You are quite be-spelt' is a term of reproach often used
to children.
[Be- + spell, pp. of spell, vb., to bewitch with 'spells';
cp. spelling charms, Shaks. i Hen. VI, v. iii. 31. From
spell, a charm consisting of some words of mysterious
power.]
BESPRENTED, pp. Yks. Sprinkled, splashed.
n.Yks. (T.S.) ; n.Yks.*
[Besprent +-ed. Knot-grass dew-besprent, Milton
Comtis (1634) 542 ; To Pite ran I, al bespreynt with
teres, Chaucer Minor Poems, 11. 10. ME. bespreynt, pp.
of besfirengen (OE. besprengan), to sprinkle.]
BESS, V. Sh.L [bes.] To sew slackly.
Sh.I. In common use (K.I.I. S. & Ork.'
[The same as lit. E. baste (to sew together loosely).
I baste a garment with threde, Je bastys, Palsgr. (1530J.]
BESSEN, V. Lei. [be'san.] To stoop, bend down ;
to weigh down.
Lei.' ■ All them sad-irons round my waist made me bessen down,'
said a maidservant, who had challenged another to a trial of
weight, and adopted effectual means of securing a victory.
[Repr. lit. E. base (to lower) + -en, fr. the analogy of vbs.
in -en, like lessen. Fr. baisser (tr. and intr.), to lower.]
BESSEY, -IE, see Bessy.
BESS O' BEDLAM, sb. Nhp. e.An. A harmless
vagrant or maniac formerly allowed to range the country ;
hence any female of wild or disorderly appearance.
Nhp,' e.An.' The name is not j-et obs.
[See, see poor Bess of Bedlam (see verse on the title-
page of a chap-book, Bess of Bedlam's Garland), Nares.]
BESSPOOL, sb. Yks. Lei. A highly coloured eating-
apple, rather woody in texture, but of good flavour.
n.Yks., Lei. (C.E.), Lei.'
BESSY, sb} Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lin. War. Hrt.
Glo. [be'si.]
1. An ill-mannered woman or girl ; an idiot.
Bnff.', w.Yks.* Lin.' She's a haveless bessy. n.Lin.^ sw.Lin.*
What a tiresome bessy 3-ou are !
2. The name given to the man or boy dressed to re-
present a woman, in the procession on Plough Monday.
Nhb. The buffoon or ' Bessy' . . . collects the cash, Richardson
Borderers Table bk. (1846) VI. 209; Nhb.' Wor Mall cam heym the
t'other neet Dres't like a ' Bessie '—sic a sect, Robson ]Vor
Mally (c. 1870). Nhb., Dur. The Bessy in the grotesque habit
of an old woman. Brand Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1849) I. 505. [Hone
Every-day Bk. (1825-27") I. 71.]
3. A man who meddles in woman's aflairs, a ' Molly-
coddle.' Also called Bessy-coddle.
War.*, Hrf.'*, Glo.'
4. Coiitp. Bessy-fruggam, a female of slatternly ap-
pearance ; a man dressed in woman's attire for mumming
or ' guising.' Dur.'
BESSY, si.* Obs. Lan. A strainer made of hedge-
twigs, which was fastened to the faucet inside a brewing-
tub^ and prevented the grains from coming out, when the
liquor was drawn off.
Lan. Obs., now that brewing is not done at home (S.W.).
e.Lan.'
BESSY, sb.^ Cum. Wm. Lan. Wor. Shr.
1. The yellow ammer, Emberiza cilrinella.
Wm.' Lan. Swainson Birds (1885) 70 ; Lan,', n.Lan.'
2. Cowp. (i) Bessy-blackcap, the black-headed bunting,
Emberiza schoenicliis ; (2) -blakeling, the yellow ainmcr,
Emberiza cilrinella ; (3) -brantail, tlie redstart, Riilicclla
phoenicurns ; (4) -ducker, the dipper or water-ouzel, Cinclus
aqiiaticHS.
II) Cum. Not common (J.P.) ; (J.C); Cum.' (2) Cum.' Wm.
Swainson iJiVf/s (iSSs") 70 ; Wm.l n.Lan. (W.S.), ne.Lan.' (3)
Shr. Swainson :*. 12: Shr.' (4yCum. [Water ouzel] Vulgarly
Bessy douker, or water pyet, Hutchinson Hist. Cum. (1794^ L
457 ; (H.W.) ; Cum.', Wm.' vr.Vf or. Berrow'sjm. (.Mar. 3, 1888).
[Swainson ib. 30.]
BESSY-BAB(S, sb. and adj. Yks. [be-si-bab.]
1. sb. A pcited, spoilt child ; a child who cries for
little cause.
BESSY BAIRN-WORT
[249]
BESTEST
n.Yks.l e.Yks. Noo, then, bessybabs ! thoo's gcnnin aget-an,
Nicholson Fli-Sfi. (1889) 89 ; e.Yks.' JilS. add. (T.II.) w.Yks-.s
Come to thee mammy then, thou little bessybab !— shoo docs nowt
bud spoil thuh.
Hence Bessybabishness, sb. thewhimperingof a spoilt
child.
w.Yks. Leeds Mere. Siif'fil. (Sept. 19, 1891); w.Yks.*
2. One given to childish amusements or silly talk.
n.Yks.' ' Deean't be sikan a great bessybab'; to a big boy
playing with a little girl's doll ; n.Yks.^ ne.Yks.' In fairly com-
mon use. m.Yks.i, w.Yks.'*
3. A fantastically dressed female.
n.Yks.2, ne.Yks.l
4. A doll.
n.Yks.2 There thoo lakes vvi' thy bessybab. w.Yks. Leeds Mere.
Suppl. (Sept. 19, 1891').
5. adj. Childish, foolish.
e.Yks.i MS. add. (T-H.)
BESSY BAIRN.-WORT, plir. Yks. Also written -ban-
wood n.Yks.* Bellis Jicreiniis, common daisy. See
Bairn-wort, Banewort.
n.Yks. A dinner table decorated with a few ' bessy-bairn-worts,'
LiNSKiLL Biliv. llcalher and it. Sea (1884) Ivi ; (,I.\V.) ; n.Yks.2
BESSY-CLOCKER, sb. Cum. The black beetle.
Cum. (J. P.); Common in the neiglibourhood of Wasdale (J.C.).
BESSY-LORCH, sb. Rxb. (Jam.) The fish loach,
Cobiles pliiviaiilis.
BEST, adj. So. Irel. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf Not. Lin. Lei.
War. Won GIo. Hmp. Som. Dev. Colon.
1. Used for the comparative belter.
Lan. Theaw'd neaw best set that kettle on, Standing Eehoes
(1885) 20. Chs.' Yo'd best do it. s.Not. Yo'd best goo tother
road(J.P.K.). LeU Yo'd best not. Hmp. (H.C.M.B.)
2. Comb, (i) Best cheip, the best for the money ; (2)
-fashion, in good health ; (3) — foot, the right foot ;
(4) — girl, sweetheart ; (5) — hand, the right hand ; (6)
-like, best-looking, most comely ; (7) -maid, a bridesmaid ;
(8) — part, the greater part, nearly the whole ; (9) —
respects, intimate friends ; (lo) — way(s, better.
(11 Sc. (Jam. Siifipl.) (2) s.Not. My mother's best-fashion, thank
you kindly I L. CM.). sw.Lin.' She's real caddy ; best-fashion, she
says. (3^ ne.Yks.' In common use. (4) Dwn. Esp. used in reference
to the sweetheart of a man whose fancy often changes (T.P.W.').
Myo. Andy had on him his best suit, and a clean wash. . . . ' Look
at him,' I said, ' wouldn't 3'ou know he was gomg to meet his best
girl?' STOKERS"a*c's/'(iss(i89r') viii. Crl. 1 J.M.rt") (51 ne.Yks.'
(6) n.Yks.* She's t'best-like o' t'tweea. e.Yks. Jack's best-like
bayn i' all fam'ly, Nicholson Fli-Sp. (1889) 92 ; e.Yks.' MS. add.
(T.H.) m.Yks.i w.Yks. Tluit's good-like; that's t'bctter-like ;
but that's t'best-like, Leeds Mere. Sii/'/</. ^SL■pt. 26, i8gi). (71 Sc.
(Jam.) (8) e.Yks.', w.Yks. (J.T.) s.Not. It's the best part of a
mile (J.P.K.). n.Lin.' A sceptical parishioner remarked, after
listening to an account of heaven and hell, ' Well, sir, what j'ou
saay maay be all very trew for them that's straange an* good or
straange an' bad-like, but i' my opinion th' best part goas noawheare.
w.Som.' Dhu bas pae'urt u dhu wai* [nearly the whole way]. Dhai
biin u-g4o' bas pae-urt-uv u aawur [they have been gone nearly
a whole hour]. Dev. Little Fay would run with the best part of
his dinner to some widow, Blackmore Perlyeross (1894) 38. (9)
Or.I. Hoo's a your best respects the day? (Jam. Siipl>l.) (10)
Dev. Yii'd best ways go an' turn tha yaws intii tha yard. 'Tez tii
cold vor um upen tha orchit, Hewett Feas. Sf>. (1892) 150 ; Tha
jimmies ov they new doors crakcth ; yQ'd best ways graise
[grease] um ! 16. 87. nw.Dev.' You'd best way go an' zee vor
yurzell.
3. In phr. (i) to give best, (a) to yield, to admit inferiority ;
to give credit ; {bj to leave, to sever connexion with ; (2)
to make the best of one's road to, to go by the shortest way.
(i, (?) War.* I'll give 3'ou best at running ; War.^ ne.Wor. Ifyou
can eat them sour apples, I'll give you best for a good stomach
(J.W.P.). Glo. (A.B.) ; I gave her best about it, N. & Q. (1877)
5th S. vii. 126 ; Glo.' [Aus., N.S.W. The two went at it hammer
and tongs . . . till the calf gave him best and walked, Boldrewood
Robbery (1888) L vii.] (i) Slang. But after a time I gave him
best because he used to want to bite my ear [borrow] too often,
Horsley/oW/h,?*- (1887) i (Farmer). (2) Stf.2
BEST, V. In gen. dial, use in Sc. and Eng. Written
beast Bnft".'
VOL. r.
1. To excel ; to vanquish or overcome in an argument,
game, &c.
n.Sc. We sat the hail forenicht an speert riddles at ane anithcr,
an there wizna ane o' them it cud beast me (W.G.\ Bnff.' Abd.
I might s.iy lo one puzzled at a game of draughts. &c., 'lie's
beastin' ye,' or ' Ye're fairly beastet.' A boy gets a hard sum in
arithmetic to work: 'That'll beast ye, my lad ' ^G.W.\ Nhb.'Wedo
not say th.-it a man has been ' worsted,' but ' bested ' ; or we say
'He bested his marrow at the job.' n.Yks. (T.S.) ne.Yks.'
w.Yks. If a Yankee could best ye, Hartley Grimes' Trip I1877)
58; (C.W.H.); Ah can best Tom at crackit laikin, Leeds Merc.
Siififil. (Sept. 26, 1891); w.Yks.5 Av ne'er bin bested i' nowt yet
o'thatsoartan' noan niCan tobe. e.Lan.', Chs.^ Stf.' ; Stf.* Oi've
nivver pleed at quoits sin oi was bested byowd Charlie Chawner.
Not. (L.C.M.) s.Not. He's bested ycr, lad ; he's too strong for yer
(J.P.K."1. Not.', Lin. I J.C.W.) n.Lin. I've bested tiie this time,
1 hev. Peacock Taales (1889) 117; nLin.'Ony fool can best
a London lawyer. sw.Lin.', War.* w.Wor. More than once he'd
been well bitten and bested, Beauciiamp Gran/ley Grange (1874)
I. 107. s.Wor.' Shr.' Charlie Grice an' me wun 'avin a game
at 'Jack-stones,' but I bested 'im quick. Hrf.* Him and Joe . . .
fought a bit, but Joe bested him. Glo. (H.S.H.); Thy missus
thought to best un entirely, Buckman Darke's Sojourn (1890) iii.
Brks.' A tried to best I, but I was too shcrp vor'n. Hrt. He was
quite bested afore I was done (H.G.\ e.An.', Ken.', Sus.' Dev.
Applebird would have sooner gived up business altogether than lot
Comer best him anywheer, Phillpotts Bill Vogicell in BIk. and
IVIiile (June 27, 1896) 824. Colloq. The insolence of inferiors
often proceeds from an absence of pride, a consciousness, as the
vulgar say, of being 'bested,' Speelalor Oct. 27, 1888; 1467, col. i.
[Aus. I thought you would not be easily bested, as far as ingenuity
could get you out of a difficulty, Ferguson Bush Life (1891) v.]
Hence Beast, sb. a puzzle, a ' capper.'
n.Sc. That's a fair beast for me noo. A can make naething o't
(W.G.).
2. To take advantage of, to overreach, to cheat.
e.Yks. He set off heeam as fast as he could pelt, to . . tell her
hoo he'd bested poor widda, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889) 36. w.Yks.
Thah's bested me o mi brass, Vksiiiaii. (1881) 222. Lan. He's
fairly bested me, an I didn't think it of him iS.W.X Chs.', s.Chs.'
Stf.* 'E's a cute owd beggar at a bargain ; if yer dunna moind 'e's
sure best yer. s.Stf. Directly I heerd who jo' wun dealin' wi' I
knowed yo'd be bested (T.P.). Der. (H.R.) Lin. Streateeild
Lin. and Danes (1884) 316. Lei.' WTar.*; War.^ I thought I li.id
sold the crop very well, but I find I was bested. War., Wor. He's
bested us in the bargain i H.K.). Shr.' I changed sid [seed] 60th
owd Medlicott, but 'e's bested me. Glo.', Oxf.', Suf. (F.H.)
Ess. He was very angry at first, for he thought I wanted to best
him (A.S. P.). Sur.' I never could have beleft he would have
bested us so. [Aus., N.S.W. Ifyou go barneying about calves, or
counting horses that's give in, he'll best ye, as sure as^'ou'rc born,
Boldrewood Colon. Jiifonner [^iSgo) H. xvi.]
Hence Bester, sb. a cheat.
Slang. 'Jollies,' and ' I^Iagsmen.* or accomplices of the 'Bouncers
and Besters,' Mayhew Land. Labour {18^1) IV. 25, ed. 1862.
3. To consider.
Cor.' I am besting if I shall go to church to-night; Cor.' MS. add.
4. In phr. besting it, see below.
Cor.' 'Besting it' is going to sea when the weather looksthreatcn-
ing, and cruising on tlie fishing giound without shooting the nets,
to see whether the sky will clear or not.
BEST, see Beast.
BESTEAD, adj Sc. Yks. Der. Ken. Written bestadde
Der.' nw.Der.'; bested Yks.; bestid Ken.'* Circum-
stanced, situated, gen. in an evil scn.se ; hence destitute,
forlorn ; overcome, oppressed, [biste'd.]
Abd. Gin he inclines, he needsna lie alane. He's ill bestead,
wha canna pass ae door, Shirrefs Poems (1790'! 44. Lnk. Nac
doot they're often sair bestead, cauld, hungry, and tired, Fraseu
JVIiaups (1895) xiii. Yks. U'kly. Post (1883). Der.*, nw.Der.',
Ken.'*
[I never saw a fellow worse bestead, Shaks. 2 Hen. VI,
II. iii. 56 ; Well bcstad, satis/aclus ; Euill hestad, destilntus,
Levi.ns Manip. (1570'.]
BESTEST, adj. Glo. Som. Dev. Cor. Superl. of good ;
gen. emphatic, the very best.
Glo. Lysons Vidgar Tongue (i868) 49 ; That's the bestcst of the
lot (S.S.B.). Som. Ta stick ta ycr own bizness, es tha bestcst
way ofitin, 'Agrikler' Rliymes {i8-]2)zg. w.Som.' Dhaatdhae-ur-z
K k
BESTIAL
[250]
BETHINK
dhu bas-tees uvur aay-d u-gauf [that is the very best I ever had].
Dev. Thee'st abritted thease bestest taypot, yu gert shackle-brained
twoad ! Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892). Cor.* 95.
BESTIAL, sb. Sc. The live stock on a rarm.
Sc. RAiMSAY Remiit. (ed. 1872) 112; Skeely enow in bestial,
whereof he has promised to gie me twa Devonshire kye, Scott
Midlothian (1818, xxxix ; (A.W.) Inv. It required no depth of
understanding to find out that the rearing of bestial in place of men
was the most lucrative speculation, Agyic. Siirv. (Jam.) Kcd.
They wad . . . rear Superior breeds o' beastial, Grant Lays (1884)
68. Cftll. They are vv-elcome to the onstead o' Earlstoun farm to
stow their goods and bestial, Crockett Raiders (1894'! xxxiv.
[Bestial, all sorts of beasts or cattle, Bailey (1770) ;
Bestiall is ffen. used for all kind of cattell, Cowell (1607).
Fr. bestial {bestiail), beasts or cattel of any sort, as oxen,
sheep, &c. (Cotgr.).]
BESTOW, V. Lin. Nrf Suf. Ess.
1. To put away carefully, to dispose of; to bury.
n.Lin.' I bestow my Sunda' cloas awaay i' a chist o' drawers as soon
as I tak 'em off. sw.Lin.^ Blaemt if I know where to bestow it all.
e.Ao.i Nrf. Grose (1790) S"//!/.: Marshall /?;»-. £ra«. (1787") ;
Nif.' Suf.i Where did yow bestow that there hahm ? Ess. I am
about to bestow him. Trans. Arch. Soc. (1863) II. 183.
2. To put a woman to bed in childbirth.
e.An.' Nrf.i She was bestowed last week. SnF.^
[1. I have noo roume where to bestowe my frutes,
TiNDALE (1534) Ltike xii. 17 ; Where the dead body is
bestow'd, my lord, We cannot get from him, Shaks.
Hawkt, IV. iii. 12.]
BESTURTED, pp. Sc. (Jam.) Startled, alarmed.
[De- + slnrted, pp. o[ sturt (vb.), q. v.]
BESW ARMED, pp. n.Yks.'^ Clustered over as with
insects.
BESWEIK, V. Sc. Written beswik (Jam. Suppl.)
To cheat, deceive.
Sc. (Jam.) Per. Not common (G.W.).
[Giffe, for \o\i beswyked hym swa. . . . Buxom shalle
})ou to man ay be, York Plays (c. 1400) 31. OE. be-
swTcaii.]
BESWIN(D, sb. Hmp. The bindweed, Convolvulus
septum. Cf bethwine, withwind.
Hmp. (J.R.\V.); Hmp.l
BET, V. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Chs. Not. Lin.
Lei. War. Cmb. Ken. Amer. [bet]
1. Past tense oi beat, in var. dial, and lit. senses.
Ir. iG.M.H.) Nhb.i Renforth bet iworybody. Cum. His pulse
bet like Sandy Tupper's, Farrall Bctly Wilson (1886; 30; Ah
bet him easily E.W.P.) ; Cum.* Wm. My pulse bet quick, Hutton
Bran Neio I fork (1785) 1. 370. ne.Yks.' We bet 'em at creckit.
w.Yks. Wright Cram. Wiidhll. (1892) 141 ; Towzerbet his dog,
Cudworth Dial. Sketclics (1884^ 7. Not. (J.H.B.> s.Not. He bet
'ershamefuliJ.P.K.). Ken.Kent bet Yorkshire (W.F.S.). [Amer.,
N.B., Nfld., N.S., Dial Notes (1895) 377.]
2. pp. Beaten ; exhausted.
Ir. An' the oats bet to bruss wid the hail. Barlow Bog-land
(1893") 19. Nhb. May we a' hyell be won agyen . . . Torn out
a high main, bet by nyen, Wilson Pitman's Pay (1843) 60 ; Nhb.'
His marrow declar'd he was bet, Sng. Masquerade. There's
native bards in yon town, For wit and humour seldom bet, Bards
Tyne (1849') m- Cum. Seah, they sat on till towards eight
o'clock, t'fellah varra nar bet whatta duah, P'arrell Betty IVilson
(1886) 7 ; Is that thrang I's bet ta mak oot whoar ta begin t'furst,
ITilly Wattle (1870) 3 ; He was fairly bet wi' 'em, Barber Forness
Flk. (1870) 24. n.Yks. T'ducks fra Fidler's mill cuddent be bet,
TwEDDELL Ctevcl. Rliynics (1875) 62. ne.Yks.' Ah wer fair bet.
n. & w.Yks. A's fairly bet, a can't lift it (W.H.). e.Yks. Hahvist
in an hahvist oot. We've bet all fahmers roond aboot, Nicholson
Flk-Sp. (1889) 92. w.Yks. Thoo's fair an' bet, Munby Verses
(1865) 54 ; Mi moother's been badly bet [ill] (A.A.K.) ; Ah bean't
bahn to be bet wi' thee, Yksman. (1888) Xnias No. 23. Chs.',
Not.' Lin. I'm clear bet, Peacock Joint Mackenfield (1872) 127 ;
I'm aboot bet out, Fenn Cure 0/ Souls (1889) 42. n.Lin. Just when
I was bet, Peacock Tateawrf /v'/)V»ifs (1886) 79 ; n.Lin.' sw.Lin.'
What with my markets [marketings] and my two Uttle ones I felt
quiet bet. Lei.' A meagre, low, degraded set, . . . For ever and
for ever bet, Wright Poems, 23. War.^, Cmb. (J.D.R.)
3. ppl. adj. Beaten, bruised. See Beat.
Nhb.' He canna gan se last , he hcs a bet foot.
4. Coinp. (i) Bet{t-ginger, ginger bruised in a mortar;
(2) -iron, wrought iron ; (3) -lick, the conquering blow ;
(4) -loaf, bread made with beaten eggs and sugar.
(i) Cum. |,M.P. ) (2) w.Yks. This machine is made a spring
steel an' bet iron, To.^i Treddlehoyle Bairitsla Ann. (1849) 47.
(3) Sc. The bogle was like to hae the giein' o" the bet-lick, Roy
Horseman (1895) i. (4) n.Yks.*
[1. Grammere for gurles ich gart furst wryte. And bet
hem with a baleyse, P. Ploivman (c.) xii 124 2. je shall
be bette and boune in bande, York Plays (c. 1400) 131.]
BETAKE, V. Sc. Lan. [bita'k.]
1. To hand over, commit ; to inflict.
n.Sc. I betook him a swack across the back (W.G.). w. & s.Sc.
I'll jist betak ye to the bogle (Jam.).
2. }vjl. To resort, have recourse to.
n.Sc. Fin nae ither thing widd dee she betook hersel t'greetan
[weeping] (W.G.). w. & s.Sc. Weel, weel ! sin yell no richt me,
I'll betak me to the Court o' Session (Jam.).
3. To overtake, capture, recover. Also refl. to recover
oneself.
n.Sc. It wiz jist o' ma tung t'say something, bit a' betook masel
(W.G. 1. Bnff.' He misca'ed a word, bit he betook himsel'ataince
(s.v. Betack). w. & s.Sc. If 3'e gang fast ye'U betak him within
an hour. The deil betak ye. When a' the ills of eild betak ye
(Jam.). Lan. Aw know naw what betook th' owd lad, Harlakd
Wilsons (1865) 50.
[1. I betake the to Crist, P. Ploivman (a.) xi. 162. 2.
Each one betake him to his rest, Shaks. Per. 11, iii. 115.
3. Now may je se Betane the starkest pundelan, Barbour
Bruce (1375) in. 159.]
BETANY, sb. w.Yks.* A bottle-shaped wicker
basket or bunch of twigs forming a kind of sieve, used in
brewing. See Betwan.
BETCHELL, v. Sc. To beat. Hence Betchellan,
vbl. sb. a beating.
Sc. Than did I betchell thame sma' as the stour afore the wund,
R1DDELLP5. (i857)xviii.42, Rxb. Gee 'im a guid betchellan (W.G.).
BETE, see Beat.
BETEEM, V. Glo. Also written beteeme, beteme.
[bitl-ni.]
1. To bestow, to indulge with.
Glo. Won't you beteme a small matter upon a poor body?
Grose (1790) MS. add. (M,); I can beteeme she any thing,
Smyth Lives of Berkelcys (ed. 1885) III. 24; Glo.'*
2. To demean, lower.
n.Glo. I am not going to beteem myself (H.S. 11.).
[1. Rain which 1 could well Beteem them from the
tempest of mine eyes, Shaks. M. N. D. i. i. 131 ; So would
I . . . Beteeme to you this sword, Spenser i\ Q. 11. viii. 19.]
BETEESH, see Betweesh.
BETHANK, sb. Sc.
1. Thanks, acknowledgement.
Ayr. Wuhouten a bethank, he hobbled on his way, Galt Lairds
(1826) iv.
2. In phr. in your bethank, indebted to you.
Ayr. I am none in your bethank for the courtesy, Spaewi/e
(1823-) II. 244 (Jam.).
[The same as bethank, vb. They must climb Into your
bosom, to bethank their friend, Barnes Elegy (1593) in
Arber's Garner, V. 412. Be--^ thank (sb.).]
BETHANKED, phr. Sc. Gen. written bethankit.
God be thanked.
Sc. A' the houses on Tivicside — bethankit they arena mony —
have been flooded. Whitehead Daft Davie (1876) 126, ed. 1894.
e.Ltli. Scots folk are no' like the Irish, bethankit. Hunter/. /hu'/c*
(1895) 174. Ayr. Then auld guidman, maist like to rive, Bethankit
hums. Burns To a Haggis.
BETHART, see Bethout.
BETHEIKIT,/>/>. Sc. (bij>lkit.] Thatched.
Enf. A house, betheikit a' wi' strae, Barr Poems (1861) 178.
[Be-+lheikit, pp. of theik (vb.), q. v.]
BETHERSHIN, inf. phr. Irel. An expletive, it may
be so. See Baithershin.
Ir. Bethershin ! don't I know her as well as my right hand!
Yeats Flk-Tales (1888) 2fo.
BETHINK, V. Sc. Yks. Lan. Also Som. Cor.
[bi)>i-.jk.]
BETHOUT
[251!
BETTER
1. To call to mind, recollect ; to think ; getu used
reflex.
Sc, (Jam. Siipp!.) ; In common use (W.G.'). n.Yks.' Now
when I bethink me. Pi. I. Bethowt ; as, 'I bethowt myself.'
w.Yks.This doin Miss Blossom, all at once, Bethowt hur who shoo
wor, Preston Poems (1872) Poll Blossom ; Johnny bethowt
him they'd want summat for t'floor, Yts. Factory Times (Aug. 2,
1889) 5 ; Just bethink tha, if it wasn't so I J.T.) ; w.Yks.* Lan.
Eaur Betty an me . . . Bethowt us we'd have hawve a day at
Belle Vue, Laycock Sugs. ( 1866) 28 ; Lan.l Hast bethowt thi yet ?
Han yo bethowten yoursells ? Aw've seen him afore, that's sartin ;
but, for mi loife, aw conno bethink me wheer. w.Som.* The
pres. tense, bethink, is not used except with the meaning, to
begrudge; never to express recollection. The strong forms of the
firel. and pp. bethought, or freq. bethoughted, are used in the sense
of remembered, recollected. They do not necessarily require the re-
Ilex, form. ' Hon I come to think it over, I bethoughted all about it.'
2. To remind.
n.Yks.2 Wheea bethowt thee ?
3. To begrudge ; to abstain from.
Som. I did'n bethink'n o't, although a did turn roun' upon me,
PuLMAN S/tc/f/ifs (1842) 79, ed. 1871; He bethink'd I but every-
thing, W. & J. Gl. (1873); An er did bethink I the mossel o'
vood, Jennings Dial. w.Eiig. (1869). w.Som.' Ee wiid-n niivur
beedhing'k dhu muun'ee [he would never begrudge the money].
Ee ded-n beedhingk tu au'lur, vur au'l ee ded n aa'rlee tich oa
un [he did not abstain from (or begrudge himself the satisfaction
ofl crying out tto halloo', though he scarcely touched him]. This
phrase means more than this ; it implies that he bellowed very
loudly for a very slight blow. When used in the above senses the
past tense is always formed, either by the periphrastic did, as in
the example above given, or by the \veak forms of the perf. and
past part., and the construction is gen. neg. as above. Cor. That
day week I had not a bird left ; everybody said they was bethought
me, and I suppose they were, Hunt Pop. Rom. w.Eiig. (1865)
II. 80.
[1. And now I do bethink me, it was she First told me,
Shaks. Tivclflh Nt. V. i. 356. 2. pis word uader \ic befengj)
))et ))ou art zone, Ayeiibite ( 1340) 100. 3. That your majesty
mayneverhave cause. .. to withdraw or bethink the liberty
given us. Loud. Gaz. (1687) No. 2252 ( N.E.D.).]
BETHOUT, prep, and conj. Yks. Stf. Also in the forms
bethart, bi-oot, bi-owt, bithoot, bithout
1. pnp. Without.
n.Yks. Bithout bein' tell'd about ought, Browne Poems (1800)
154. w.Yks.* Fleeing art bethart tlice bonnet! flossy dolly!
Stf.2 'Wot didst gu biait mei for ?
2. coiij. Unless.
e.Yks.' He weeant gan, bi-oot Ah diz an-all [he won't go un-
less I do also]. Stf.* Oi wunar tel dhi, biait theit promiz not
far kant.
BETHWINE, sb. Also in form bethwind Glo. (i)
Clematis vilalha, wild clematis (Glo. Sus. limp.) ; (2) Con-
volvulus si'piuin (Glo. Bck. Mid. Hmp.) ; (3) Polygonum
convolvulus (Hmp.). Cf. beswind.
(i) Glo.>2, Sus.' (2) Glo. (SS.B.) w.Mid. The fires being .. .
bottomed with twitch-grass, bethwine, cat's-tail, and fifty other
kinds of weed, Blackmore Kit 1 1890) I. xix. Hmp.'
BETID, V. Chs. [bitid.] Past tense; befell, hap-
pened.
Chs.' I canna think whatever betid me for t'do it.
[Not so much perdition as an hair Betid to any creature,
Shaks. Temp. i. ii. 31 ; It fcl in my remembraunce That
him bitiddc swich mischaunce, Chaucer R. Rose, 1548.
ME. biiidde, pret. oi bitidcii, to happen.]
BETIMED, />/>. w.Yks." Exhausted by fatigue.
BETIME(S, Wv.' Yks. Lin. Nhp. Glo. Som. Dev. Also
in the forms betahmes n.Yks. ; by times Nhp.' Early.
n.Yks. T'next mooanin' tha wer astir bet.ahmes, Tweddell
Clevel. Rhymes (1875) 87, ed. 1893. n.Lln.' 'You mun call me
betimes i' th' mornin'. Nhp.' I was up by times this morning.
Glo. Here have we been hurrying to get you in betime, Gissing
Vill. Hampden (1890) III. xiii. w.Som.' Muyn un bee dhaeur
beetuym [mind and be there early]. ' Betimes' is never used.
Dev. Thee must take it in hand betimes, O'Neill Idylls ^1892) 78.
[To business that we love we rise betime, Shaks. A.St' C.
IV. iv. 20 ; Betimes in the morning I will beseech the
virtuous Desdemona, ib. Oth. u. iii. 335.]
BETIMES, adv.'^ Sc. Ircl. Stf. Lei. Nhp. War. Hnt.
Also in the form by times Lei.' Nhp.' VVar.^ llnL At
times, occasionally.
Hdg. Betimes it dawkcd and then the sun would couch behind
the cloud-blanket again, Lu.msden Sheep Head, 302. s.Wxf. No
vvondher he does be so hard on the road contractors for the slaumin
he gets goin' these roads betimes. Shamrock Mag. Mar. 3. 1894')
360. Stf.' Lei.' A'd oon'y 'ad a drop or tew, ... as a man mut
do by times. Nhp.' I call by times. War.^ I'm belter now,
but I am very bad by times. Hnt. (^T.P.F.)
BE TO, see Bood.
BETOUCH-US-TOO,;>/(r. usedas»«/. Obs. Sc. Alas!
Well-a-day !
Lnk. Betouch-us-too ! and weel I wat that's true, Ramsay Gentle
Shep. (1725) 67, ed. 1783.
BETSEY, sb. Ken. The plant Yarrow, Acliilka mille-
foliutii.
e.Ken. rC G )
BETT, see Beat.
BETTER, V. Sc. Cum. Yks.
1. To improve, amend ; inlr. with prep, on : to recover.
Sc. Naethin' short o' a meiracle'll better me. Steel Rmcnns
(1895') 40. Cum.' He wadn't hcv done't if he could hev better't it.
n.Yks.2 e.Yks.' We'd gin her up, bud she'll bettiier-on't noo.
Hence Bettering, vbl. sb. amendment.
Yks. He's ta'en a turn to betterin' sin' he came out here to be
nursed, Gaskell Sylvia (1863 j III. 89.
2. To overcome. Cf. best.
n.Yks.2 It better'd me. w.Yks. C.C.R.)
[1. Dedicated to . . . the bettering of my mind, Shaks.
Temp. I. ii. 90. 2. Since he is better'd, we have therefore
odds, //). Hamlet, v. ii. 274.]
BETTER, sb. Yks. Uer. A superior, one in a higher
position.
w.Yks. He's his better, to look at (C.C R.). nw.Der.' Used
particularly of magistrates. Aw'l tak thCe afore thy betters.
Hence Betterings, superiors, those in a higher position.
m.Yks.' He's none so keen of going among his bctterin's.
[His better doth not breathe upon the earth, Shaks.
Rich. Ill, I. ii. 140; To ordre myself lowclj' and reuerently
to al my betters, Bk. Coin. Prayer (1549) Catech.]
BETTER, adj. Sc. Irel. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf. Also Som. Dev. Cor. Also in form betther. e.Yks.'
1. Greater; gen. in phr. better part.
Sc. The belter part of the bottle of old port, Scott St. Ronan
(1824I ix. n.Yks.= He's t'better faal [fool]. w.Yks. yJ.T.)
2. Of clothes: finer than ordinary.
Cum., ■Wm. Better bib and tucker i M.P.).
3. Of the hand or foot : the right. n.Yks.' Cf. best foot.
4. Rcdupl. compar. Betterer.
Dev. Nothin' kan be betterer than that, Burnett Stable Boy
(1888) viii. Cor. How much betterer es thy love then wine!
Nethekton 5h^^. Sol. (1859^ iv. 10.
5. Comb. (I) Better end, the higher classes; a superior
kind; the greater part, majority; (2) — fashion, recovering
from illness; (3) —fit, it would be better if; better; (4)
•gates, in a better manner; (5) — hoyle, a parlour; (6)
•like, better looking; more promising; (7) — penny,
something in addition; (8) — side (ofi, more than; (9)
— again, still better; (10) —sort, the upper classes,
superior folk.
^i) Nhb.' The better-end o' Catfon canna get thor brikfasts till
the hens lays. w.Yks. Better end of a score (J.T.). Lan. She
packed up my clothes, and some of the better end of her own,
Gaskell M. Barton (1848 iv. e.Lan.' niLan.'s.v. Quality.
Chs.' Better end of folk. s.Clis.' Dhcni)z dhu py6oz wdcur dhQ
betur end sit-n [them's the pews wheer the better end sitten\
Stf.' Thee' rs aa scorts o folks as work on a potbank, but th'
peenters and gilders are th' better end. (2' Chs.' (3 : w.Som.'
Bad-rfiit dhai-d muyn dhuroa-n buznees [it would be better if they
would mind their own business]. Dev. Better fit 'er'd bide 'ome an'
mind 'cr work, Hewett Peas. Sp. ^892^ ; Dev.^ Cor.' \o\\i
better-fit ha' done what I told 'ee ; Cor.^ I believe it always comes
at beginning of phr., as' Better fit you'd h.a'done what I told 'ee.'
(4'i Sc. I would hae waircd my siller better-gates than that,
Stevenson Catriona (1892) i. 15 w.Yks. She took him into
t'better hoylc, Nidderdale Aim. (1879 . 1^61 n.Yks.* T'eeaiis
a better-like body than t'other. e.Yks.' (7) n.Yks.' He's as
K k 2
BETTER
L252]
BETTY
rich as him, an t'better penny. (8) Chs.i Better side iifty ; Chs.^
We haven't seen him for the better side of a fortnight. (91 N.I.i
(10) w.Yks. It seems she washed clothes for some of the better
sort Snowden Web IVcaver, xii ; Better sort o' t'wahr mak
[superior members of the working classes], Leeds Merc. Siippl.
(Sept. 26, iSgiV
[1. You are as a candle, the better part burnt out, Shaks.
2 Hen. IV, IV. iii. 27. 5. (3) It would better fit your honour
to change your mind, ib. Mitch Ado. m. ii. 119.]
BETTER, adv. Sc. Irel. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Stf. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Won Shr. Hrf. Glo.
Oxf. Brks. Sur. Hmp. Som. Dev.
1. Quite recovered from illness, well.
Cav. He's improved in health, but not quite better (M.S.M.).
n.Dur. Oh yes, I am better, but I'm not better (J.W.H.). Cum.
(M.P.) ne.Yks.i Ah feels quiet betther. e.Yks.i vi.Yks. Hlf.v.
Wds.; w.Yks.^ Chs.i The word 'better' is not ^fH. used to indicate
partial recovery ; in that case we often say ' mending.' s.Not.
He wor badly when I seed 'im last, but now 'e's quite better
(J.P.K.). sw.Liii.i Oh, no, I'm not better, but I'm not so bad as
I was. He's mending, but he's not better yet.
2. Repeatedly, with renewed effort.
Ayr. And she read, and she better read till she read all the
better, Galt .^J/Hrt/5(i82i) xii. Edb. How to exhibit all his purple
and fine linen, he aye thought and better thought, Moir Maiisie
IVauc/i (1828) ii. Dmf. The sun it raise and better raise, Cromek
Nit/ise/ale Sitg. (1810) Eve Lights. Gall. We rode and we better
rode, Crockett Moss-Hags (iSgs) 64. n.Yks.^ It was mended
and better mended. m.Yks.l w.Yks. It rained and better rained,
Yks. IVkly. Post (July 4, 1896 ; w.Yks.^ Lan. Aw groapt ogen,
and bettur groapt, but it wur no yuse, Sam Soidnokhtr, 20 ; I've
tried and belter-tried to get it from her, Gaskell M. Baiion (1848)
xxiv. s.Ch5.^
3. Of quantity or time : more ; gen. used with nor, or
than.
Sc. He had a double quart of Canary and better in his pate,
Scott Nigel (1822) xxxv. N.I.i He gave me better nor a dozen.
Cum. How deep's the stream? — It's better ner eiglit foot abuin
t'brig (E.W.P.); Cum.i, Wm.l Yks. Old Elias Dickenson is
better an two years yoonger than me (P.P. T.). ne.Yks.^ w.Yks.
Ther wor better nor a hundred fowk at t'gala, Leeds Merc. Siippl.
(Sept. 26, 1891) ; He's been seekin a job for eleven week an' better,
Yksman. Comic Ann. (1878) 43 ; w.Yks.12, Chs.i^, stf.12 s.Not.
A fortnit ago, ay or better nor that. Prior 7?f«;V (1895) 191. Not.',
n.I-in.', sw.Lin.', Lei.', Nhp.' War. 2 Better than ten minutes to
twelve [nearer to the hour] ; War. 3, se.Wor.', Shr.', Hrf.'
Glo. Rather better nor a mile an' a half yere-from, Buckman
Darke's Sojonrii (i8go, xi ; Glo.', Oxf.'. Brks.' Sur.I'vebin postee
these two year nor better, Bickley Sur. Hills (1O90) I. i; The
expression 'nor better' is very uncommon, but is occas. so used
(T.SC). Hmp.(H.C.M.B.) Som. 'Tes but little better 'an a mile,
Raymond Love and Quiet Life (1894) 34. w.Som.' Twuz badr-n
dree u klau'k [it was past three o'clock]. Dev. If I beant hom
in a week, or zay rayther better, Hogg Poet. Lett. (1847) ist S. 9,
ed. 1858.
4. In phr. (i) / am better to, I had better, it is better for
me to ; (2) belter worth, worth more, higher in price.
(i) Ir. (G.M.H.) (2| w.Som.' The sheep were rather better
worth, especially breeding ewes, Wellington Wkly. News (Aug. 19,
1886).
5. Irreg. superl. Betterest.
Yks. Yey'U like yur ovvhn room, sir, beturist, Macquoid Doris
Banigli (1877) ix.
BETTERLY, adj. Dur. Yks. Stf. Shr. Better;
superior.
Dur.' A betterly sort of day. w.Yks. They're betterly folk, Lucas
Sind. Niddcrdale{c. 1882). Str.= Well, Willum, an 'ousyer feyther?
■ — Oh, 'e's in a much more betterly wee to-dee, thank yen Shr.'
'E's got the garden in a betterly condition than 'is faither 'ad.
BETTERMENT, sb. Sc. Cum. Yks. Lin. Also Som.
Cor. Also written betthament c.Yks.' Improvement.
Sc. I gied ye up, an' if it's for yer betterment, I mauna complain,
Swan Gates 0/ Eden (1895) xvi. Cum. There's some betterment in
the weather, Caine Shad. Crime (1885) 33. n.Yks.^ e.Yks.
Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889) 4 ; e.Yks.' n.Lin.' Th' doctors says
he's better, but I can't see noa betterment in him. w.Som.'
w.Cor. She's left home for the betterment of her condition (M.A.C).
[Betterment (a bad word), the act of making better. Ash
(1795)-]
BETTERMER, see Bettermore.
BETTERMORE, adj. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Not. Lin. Ken. Sur. Also written bettamy Sur.*; better-
mer n.Yks.* ne.Lan.'; bettermy, betthama Yks.; bet-
tremer Wm. Superior ; better.
Nhb. The shape and air c' yen O raither bettermer condition,
Wilson Pitman's Pay (1843) 43 ; Nhb.' Aa thowt he leuk'd iv
a bettermer way. Dur.' His bettermore coat. Cum. There's a
bettermer law than that o' mon, Linton Lizzie Lorton (1867) xxv ;
The bettermer svvort sat snug in the parlour, Anderson Ballads
(1808) 66 ; Cum.' Wm. [She was] for all the world the bettermer
part of an old farm-wife, Rawnsley Rem. Wordsworth (1884) VI.
164; A bettermer sooart a 3'ung men, S/>ff. (1885) pt. iii. 26; Better-
more clothes, Ellis Prontinc. (1889) V. 599 ; Wm.' n.Yks.'
Bettermy is the form in current use. n.Yks.^ Neean o' your
common soort, but quite a bettermy body. ne.Yks.' They're
bettermy folks. e.Yks.', ra.Yks.', ne.Lan.' Not. The bettermy
sort of folk, N. & Q. (1890) 7th S. x. 72. n.Lin.' She's gotten her
bettermore behaaviour on to-daay wi' her Sunda' goon. Ken.'
Sur.' Bettamy kind o' folks.
BETTERMOST, adj. and sb. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Stf. Der.
Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. Brks. Ess. Sus. Hmp. Dor.
Som. Dev. Cor. Also written bettermus n.Dev. ; -must
Ess.' ; -mwoast Brks.' ; betthamost e.Yks.'
1. adj. superl. Best. Also used as sb.
Ir. He'd the bettermost sort o' bad luck. Barlow i3og--/fl»rf(i892')
40. Nhb.'Aathinkye'vegetten thebettermostyen. n.Yks. ^, e.Yks.'
Stf.' ; Stf.2 'E kills a corf in th* bettermost fashion as ivver oi scd
onybody i' mi life. Der. Come of bettermost sort of people,
Verney Stone Edge (1868) i. s.Not. The bettermost people alius
goes to chutch (J.P.K.). n.Lin. The club where the bettermost
parties go of a night time, Peacock y. Markenjicld (1872) III. 99.
Lei.', War.^2, s.War.', Shr.' Ess. Only applied to clothes. Inour
bettermust, Clark /. Noakes (1839) st. 51 ; Ess.', Sus.^ Hmp.
In use at IMedstead, N. & Q. (1854) ist S. x. 401. Dor. Barnes
Gl. (1863); Dor.' Bettermost voke. Cor. Used at Polperro,
N. & O. (1S54) ist S. X. 179; Cor.' My better most dress. The
better-most people were there.
2. In compar. sense: better, superior, greater; almost
but not quite the best.
m.Yks.' Are they well off? — Aye, they are of the bettermost sort.
Stf.'^ Farmer Shufflebotham's lost th' bettermost ef [half] on 'is taters
wi' th' frost. sw.Lin.' When I was young, I was in bettermost
places. Lei.' Nhp.' She has her bettermost gown on to-day. The
use of this word is limited to apparel. Shr.' Well, Mary, 'ow fare
did'n 'ee sen' yore naint? — W'y the bettermost 'afe o' the \vay.
Brks.' We was the bettermwoast haafe of a daay a-doin' 'ont.
Sus.' Gen. qualified by the word 'rather.' The new people who
have come to live down at the cottage seem rather bettermost
sort of folks. Hmp.' Som. They be our bettermost vauk, Jennings
Dial. iv.Eng. (1869). w.Som.' Dhai wuz au 1 bad rmaus soa'urt u
voaks lu3'k [they were all very respectable people, but not quite
the highest class]. I 'spose 'tis the badrmooees way vor to wrop-m
up [i. e. a burst pipe]; but the bcstest wid be vor to cut-n out.
Dev. Now dii yu zim that tha passen's wive and tha bettermost zort
ov vokes be agwaine tii 'ave ort tii zay tO they ? Hewett Peas.
Sp. (1892); Dev.' Cor. 'Twas a strange looking party, dressed
i' black— a better-most body, like, 'Q.' Troy Town (1888) xix.
3. sb. The advantage, upper hand.
Cor. 2 I got the bettermost of him.
BETTERMY, see Bettermore.
BETTERNESS, sb. Sc. Cum. Yks. Lin. Also Som.
Also written bettirness (Jam.). Amendment, gen. in
respect of health.
Sc. (Jam.) Cum.' Theer's nea betterness in t'weather yit.
n.Yks.' ; n.Yks. 2 As for my ailment, I feel neea betterness
in't. e.Yks.' Ah deean't see mitch betthemess tiv him. m.Yks.',
w.Yks.' Lin. Streatfeilu Lin. and Danes (1884) 317. n.Lin.
Ther'll be nua betterness o' th' complaaint he's gotten awhilst he's
munny to slatter awaay (M.P.) ; n.Lin.' sw.Lin.' I doubt there'll
never be no betterness. w.Som.' Lat-s zee u lee-dl bad-rness een
dhiish j'uur wuurk, uuls yiie' un aay shl vaa'l aewt [let us see
a little improvement in this work, else you and I shall fall out].
BETTHER, see Better.
BETTREMER, see Bettermore.
BETTY, s6. Yks. Nhp. War. Shr. Lon. e.An. Slang,
[beti.]
1. A country' lass.
n.Yks.2 Jooahns an' Bellies.
BETTY
[253]
BEUCH
2. A nickname for the kettle. Cf. Sukey.
e.An.i Krf.Ai/.Air/i. (1879 VIII. 168. Suf. 1 hat's the saucepan
calling the kettle Betty Black (F.H.).
3. An instrument, used in washing, fixed on a tub to let
clothes drain through. Nhp.'^
4. The hedge-sparrow. s.War.'
5. An implement for opening door-locks, a burglar's tool;
a 'jemmy.'
Lon. They have a jemmy, a cutter, a dozen of betties, better
known as picklocks, Mayhew Z,o;irf. Z.oAoh)(i862) IV. 339. Slang.
N. & Q. (,189+) 8th S. vi. 138, 386 ; (P.R.)
6. Contp. (i) Betty-cat, a she-cat ; (2) -tit, the titmouse,
(i) Suf. (F.H.) (2) e.An.i
7. Phr. lielly go lo bed al tioon, the common Star of
Bethlehem, Oniithogaliiiii ttiubellatitiii.
Shr.' Also called Pecp-o'-day.
[5. Betty, an instrument to open doors. Coles (1677).]
BETTY, V. Lan. e.An. [beti.] To idle ; to do petty
work.
Lan. Chs. N. & Q. (1882) II. 89. e.An.' Nrf.(A.G.F.) ; (G.E.D.)
Suf. I don't want har a betty en about my back'us liaaf the
mohren, e.An. Dy. Times (1892).
[The same as Betty, sb.]
BETUNE, see Between.
BETURIST, see Better.
BETWAN, sb. Stf.' A bottle-shaped strainer, drawn
over the spigot in a mash-tub for straining beer. Also
called batwell, betany, strum, q. v.
BETWATTLED, ppl. adj. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Nhp.
Soin. Dev. Cor. Also in forms bedwadled Dev. ; bed-
waddled Cor.^ ; betoatled Dev.; betotled Dev.'; be-
tottled n.Yks.'^ ; betrattlt Cum. ; bewattled Cor.'
1. Confused, distressed, bewildered, stupid.
n.Cy. Grose (1790) ; N.Cy.', Nhb.' Cum. An' lasses whilly-
liltit out As they hed been betrattl't, Gilpin Bnl/ads {1S66) 277.
n.Yks.' Ah's fairly betwattled and baffounded; n.Yks.* ne.Lan.',
Nhp.i Sora. Jennings Dial. w.Eiig. (,1869); W. & J. Gl. (1873 .
Dev. That be what makes me badwadled about you, Baring-Gould
J. Herring (^1888) 288 ; Trans. P/iil. Soc. {18^8) i^g ; Dev.' n.Dev.
What a vengance ! wart betwatled, E.vm. Scold. (.1746) 1. 4. Cor.
Thee art betwattled, Jan Trenoodle Spec. (1846) 52 ; Cor.'*
2. Hardly sober. n.Yks.^
[Be- + lii<althd, see Twattle, i\]
BETWEEN, pirp. and adv. Sc. Ir. Cum. Yks. Chs. Lin.
War. VVor. Oxf Som. Dev. Cf. atween.
1. prep. On account of, owing to.
Ir. Faith, I've barked my shin purty well betuneyees! Paddiana
(1848) I. 131.
2. Coiiip. (i) Between-hands, at intervals; cf among-
hands; (2) -whilels, in the interval, at intervals.
(i) Abd. Between hands thinkin wi' himsel', How blest he'll be,
Beatties Palings f 1801) 25, ed. 1893. sw.Lin.' He only takes his
medicine, and a little port-wine betwecn-hands. (2 1 Cum.', n.Yks.*,
m.Yks.' w.Yks.' ; w.Yks.^ Ah Went tul Bradford o' Monday an'
st.nad wal Thursday : betweenwhiles, ah happened to leet on an
owd maate. Brekfast at eight, dinner at twelve, an" plenty to heit
atweenwhiles. Clis.' n.Lin.' She teaches school an' duz sowin'
betweanwhilcs. War.* I shall have to finish knitting this stocking
betweenwhiles. Oxf.' Uuy mudlz ubuuwt in miiuy gyaa'rdn
bitweenwuuy Iz [I muddles about in my gyarden betweenwhiles].
w.Som.' Yiie kn diie ut vuuree wuul twee n wuyuiz [you can do
it very well at spare moments].
3. Phr. (i) Bclween and. expressing temporal or local
relation, with omission of first si.; (2) — f/ie lig/ifs, twilight;
(3) — l/ie hvo ivorlds, almost unconscious ; (4) — toivn and
town, while going from one place to another ; (5) — hm
minds, in doubt or suspense ; (6) — yoti and I and the gate-
post, between ourselves.
(i) w.Yks. Between and Christmas, Hl/x. IVds. ; w.Yks.' Thou
may lite omme between and Martlemas, i.e. between this time and
Martinmas; w.Yks.^ Between and next week. He catch'd cat
between and the wall, and killed it (s.v. Thropple"). (2) s.Ir. It
was fairly between lights, the day was clean gone, Croker Fairy
Leg. (18621 236, S.Don. Simmons Gl. (1890V Oxf.' MS. add.
(3) Dev. I was faint, but did not quite lose m3-self. I was like some
one ' between the two worlds,' Reports Provinc. (1893"!. (4) s.Wor.
You'll lose j'our tea between town and town [going from a house
where it's ready to another where he may be too late] (^H.K.).
(5) s.Ir. I was between two minds about staying or going, Croker
Fairy Leg. (1862) 287. (6j Oxf.' Bitwee'n yoo un uuy un dhu
gyet-pwust [between you an' 1 an' the get-pwust].
4. adiK At intervals, here and there.
Som. 'Twas overgrown now, an' a rheglar puzzle garden . . .
with pretty pink kiss-me-quicks between, Leith Lemon Verbena
(1895) 100.
[4. Each beauteous flow'r. Iris all hues, roses and
jessamine, Rear'd high their flourish'd heads between,
And wrought Mosaic, Milton P.L. iv. 699.]
BET-WEESH./zr/i. Sc. Irel. Between. Cf atweesh.
Abd. And for himsel to mak the plainer road, Betwccsh them sac,
Ross //e/fMOff (1768) 116, ed. 1812. Wxf.' Beteesh a Kcaaneberry-
bushe [gooseberry bush] an a cllena-ghou [elder-tree], 106.
BETWELL, see Batwell.
BET-WENGED, ppl. adj. Yks. Of cattle : swollen,
suffering from a swelling. See Twinge.
w.Yks. The cattle are subject to a disease which causes them to
swell up about the eyes and tail, when they are said to be
betwenged, Lucas Zoologist (1879) 3rd S. III. 355 ; ib. Stud.
Nidderdale (c. 1882) ii.
BET'WIT,-.;. Nhp. Hmp.Wil. Dor.Som. Dev. [bitwit]
To upbraid, to taunt.
Nhp.', Hmp.l Wil. Britton Beauties (1825); Wil.l w.Dor.
Roberts Hist. Lyme Regis (1834). Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873);
The suite need not the woodcock betwite, Rav Prov. (1678) 344.
Dev. Moore Hist. Dev. (18291 '• 353. n.Dev. Us wur betwitting
Bob to-day. Rock Jim an' Nell 1867^ St. 68.
Hence Betwitting, vbl. sb. upbraiding, reproach.
Som. Doosc thee thenk I can bear the betwitten o' thic pirty
maid ? Jennings Dial. w.Eng. (1869) 147.
[Strange how these men . . . bctwitt and reproach one
another, Pepys Diary (Apr. 2, 1661). Be- + t-a<it (to
taunt).]
BETWITCHELLED, pp. Chs} Overcome with in-
quisitiveness.
BET-WITTERED, //. w.Yks.* Excited, frightened,
overcome with pleasing excitement.
[Be- + twittered, pp. of tiuitter (to tremble), q. v.]
BET'WIX(T, prep. Irel. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Not. Lin.
Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. Glo. Lon. e.An. Sus. Hnip. Som. Dev.
Also in forms bechuxt Lon. ; bequixte.An.' [bitwiks(t.]
1. Between. See Atwixt.
Ir. Och, the world's differ there is betuxt thim an' our own
dirty Irish buckecns. Carleton Traits Peas. 1 1843I I. 4:8. w.Yks.
Betwixt you and me, Lucas Stud. A'idderdale (C. 1882 235.
Lan. Betwixt you and me, Brierley Colters, xiii. Chs.' n.Lin.'
I met him e' th' laanc betwix Greenhoe an' th' brick-yard. Shr.'
'Er's a mighty pretty 'eifer ; yo OOnna see a better betwix this an
'ereford. Glo.' Lon, We may sill bechuxt us from two to three
dozen ropes a day, Mavhew Land. Labour (1851J 1. 94. e.An.'*,
Suf. (F.H.)
2. Phr. (i) Bettvixt and between, neither the one thing nor
the other, intermediate ; shuffling; (2) to go betwi.xt l/ie oak
and the rind, to shuffle, to trim ; (3) betwixt you and ine and
the gate, between ourselves.
(i) Not.' n.Lin.' Was it daayleet or dusk ! — Well, just betwixt
an' betwean. He's what I call a betwixt an' betwean soort'n
a man. Lei.' How arc the oats this year? — Well, they're oonly
betwixt and between, loikc, this turn. How old is your eldest,
Mrs. H. ? — Why, a's just betwixt and between, like, — hobbadehoy,
naythur man nur boy. Nhp.', War.^ e.An., Sus., Hmp. Hollo-
WAY. w.Som.' He's like zome o' the rest o-m, all betwix-n-
between, nother one way nor tothcr. Dev. Ted'n zactly black,
nor yet blue, but betwix' an' between, Phillpotts Bill I'ogivetl
in Bll.'. and While (June 27. 1896) 824. (2) w.Soni.' Tidn no good
to reckon 'pon lie ; he do like to go betwix th' oak and the rind.
(3) Stf.*
[1. Out at your window betwixt twelve and one, Shaks.
Much Ado, IV. i. 85 ; Be-twyx him and loth his neuow,
Cursor M. (c. 1300) 2443, OE, t/etiveox [-twyx).'\
BET^WIXEN, prep. Yks. Between.
e.Yks.' Van on em must ha brokken it : it's betwixen em.
[Betvvixen adamauntes two ... a pece of iren y-set,
CuAfCER Part. Foulcs, 148. OE. bctwco.xn ; cp. G. swisc/ien.]
BEUCH, sb. Sc.
1. The bow of a boat or ship. Also in camp. Beuch-
oarsman, an oarsman in the bow. Bnff.'
BEUF
[254]
BEVER
2. A person, individual.
Bnff.i Fou are ye! — Ou, jist hirplin' awa ; a'm jist an aul'eesless
cripple beuch.
[This word repr. (i) lit.E. bow (of a ship), (2) lit.E.
bough (of a tree),l30th of which are der.fr. the same type,
represented by OE. bolt (bog-) ; cp. G. bug, shoulder, bow
(of a ship).]
BEUF, see Beugh.
BEUGH, sb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lin. Also in form beuf
n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.^ m.Yks.' ; bew VVm. Cum. n.Lin.' In //.
beuvs n.Yks.* [biu, biuf.] A branch or bough of a tree.
Cf. beuch.
Cum. ri gang up to t'pome-tree, I'l tak hod o' t'bews ont,
Dickinson Siig. Sol. (1859) vii. 8 ; T'warblin birds Are tutelin'
t'leafy bews amang, Gwordif, Greenup Rhymes (1876) 3 ; Each
man ruove doun a beugh, Stagg Misc. Poems {1805) 40, ed. 1807 ;
Cum.i Wm. On a hurdle o' bews i' rude pomp they conveyed
him, Whitehead Leg. (1859) 34. n.Yks.^, ne.Yks.' e.Yks.
Beughs o' big esh three, at cooaner, meead it as dahk as pick,
Nicholson /7i6-S/i. 1 1889) 32 ; e.Yks.' m-Yks.' Lin. Streat-
FEiLD Lin. and Danes (1884^ 1 13. n.Lin. She climbs up, an' hides
hcrsen i' th' beughs, Peacock Tales and Rhymes l_i886) 74 ; n.Lin. 1
BEUGLE, see Bugle.
BEUK, see Book.
BEUN, see Aboon.
BEUSE, see Boose.
BEUST, sb. Sc. (Jam. Siippl.) Two years old grass ;
grass withered from having stood through the winter.
Hence Beusty, adj. half-withered, dry.
GalL Is there a Galloway farmer who does not know what
a tuft of beusty grass is ? Gall. Encyclo.
BEUST, see Buist.
BEUVINGS, see Bavin.
BEVAAR, V. S. & Ork.i To protect, to guard.
[Da. bevare, to keep, presei^'e ; cp. OE. bewarian.]
BEVEL, si.i and an): Nhb. Shr. e.An. Written bevil
Shn^" e.An.' [be'vl, be'vil.]
1. sb. A slope, a declivity.
Nhb. Doon the Side a duzzy [dizzy] bevvil, Chater Tyneside
Aim. (1869) 7; (R.O.H.) Shr.2 e.An.' The road is laid on
a bevil, i.e. highest in the middle,
2. adj. Aslant, not straight.
Nhb.i A ' bevel-ej'e,' an eye with a cast.
BEVEL, sb.'^ Sc. Nhb. A strong push, a staggering
blow. Cf. bevelling.
Sc. And gave him . . . Three bevels till he gard him beck,
Pennecuik Poems (1715) 92 (Jam.). Fif. Naething gain but . . .
balTs and bevels, Tennant Papistry (1827) 154. N.Cy.', Nhb.*
BEVEL, V. Sh.I. To fit, apply, suit.
Sh.I. In common use (K.I. ). S. & Ork.'
BEVELLING, sb. Lan. A beating. Cf bevel, sb.^
ne.Lan.l He gev him a gud bevellin'.
BEVER, sb."- and v. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Nhp. Won Glo.
0.xf Brks. Bdf Ken. LW. Wil. Dor. Sorn. Dev. Cor. Also
in form baiver (Jam.); biver s.Wor.' w.Wor.' Oxf Brks.'
Wil.' Don' Cor.'; bivver Nhb.'Glo.' I.W.'^ w.Som.iDev.'
nw.Dev.' [be'V3(r), bi'V3(r).]
1. sb. A shiver, tremor; a state of trembling.
N.Cy.' It's a' iv a bivver. Nhb.' Cum. Through my young
heart, sec bevers wad thrill, PowLEY ff/iofs (1875) 148; Not heard
now (M.P.\ Nhp.' I.W. (J.D.R.) ; LW.' ; LW.2 I sims all of
a bivver \vi' the cooald. w.Som.' Muy an-z bee aul tiie biivur
[my hands are all of a shake]. Cor. A'. & Q. (1854) ist S. x. 179 ;
Cor.'
2. The quivering of the under-lip, which precedes
crying. Brks.'
3. V. To shake, quiver, tremble, esp. with cold or fear.
Sc. Bev'rin like the shakin' reed, A. Scott Poems (18081 174.
Bwk., Rxb. Beverin wi' the perils [palsy ] (Jam.), n Cy. Grose
(1790. Nhb.', Cum.', Bd£(J.W.B.) Ken. (K.) ; The table bivers
(G.G.). I.W. fJ.D.R.); LW.' ; I.W.= I could see the lightncn
bivveren about in the element. Wil. Slow Gl. (1892) ; Wil.'
Bless m'zoul, if I dwon't think our maester's got the ager ! How
a hackers an bivers, to be zhure ! Akeuman Tales (18531 55.
Dor.' Som. They'll make he bivver, W. & J. Gl. (1873); Jen-
nings Obs. Dial. w.Eiig. (1825"). w.Som.' Poo'ur dhing, aew ec
due buvuree ! [poor thing, how he shivers !] Dev. She went
biwering all awver wi' guse-vlaish, Phillpotts Dartmoor '\8g^)
202 ; When I zeed um bring tha corpse out ov tha river, I bivered
all awver, Hevvett Peas. Sp. (18921. n.Dev. Gkose (1790) MS.
add. (H.) ; Ah, Bob, thee wisn't biver there. Rock Jim an' Nell
(1867) St. 10. nw.Dev.' s.Dev. I bivered with the cold (F.W.C.).
Cor.' 2
Hence Bevering, ppl. adj. shaking, trembling.
Bwk., Rxb. We're auld beverin bodies (Jam. J, Dev. A biverin
roosh, a wish'd owld straw, Pengelly Pioviitc. (1875} 42, Cor.'*
4. Of cold : to shrivel up, to pinch.
Ken. The cold does biver him up so (W.F.S.).
5. Of the lips or chin : to quiver, tremble.
w.Wor.' 'Er poor little mouth was a biverin', but 'er managed
to kip *er tears back. s.Wor.' Glo.' Obsol. Oxf.' Ow his little
chin do biver, MS. add. Brks.' Thee hast 'vronted 'un now, zee
how a bivers. Wil.' Dev.' Es lips bever'd agen, 17.
Hence (i) Bevering, (a) vbt. sb. the quivering of an
infant's under-jaw, when yawning ; (J)) ppl. adj. trembling,
quivering ; (2) Bevery, adj. shivery, tremulous.
(I, a) Cor. 2 (6) Dor.' An cry wi biv'ven chin, ' Oh, shut the
door,' 89, ed, 1863. (s) Wil.' When a baby is just on the verge of
crying, its lip quivers and is ' bivery,'
6. Of a hawk : to hover overhead, hardly moving the
wings.
Ken. Used in Romney Marsh and the neighbourhood (P.M.) ;
(W.F.S.)
[Many knyghtes shoke and beuered, Malory Arthur, i.
XV (Stratmann). Cp. G. dial. (Gottingen) beivern, to
tremble (Schambach) ; Altmark bdwcrn (Danneil).]
BEVER, 5i.2 Obsol. Der. Nhp. Wan Hrf Oxf Bck.
Bdf Hrt. Lon. e.An, Ken, Sun Sus, Hmp, Slang, Also
written baiver Oxf ; baver Nhp,^ Bck, Bdf ; beaver
Den' Hrf Bdf Hrt, e.An,= ; beever Hrt. Cmb. e.An.'Suf.'
Sus.' Hmp.' ; bevor Suf.
1. Slight refreshment taken between meals, either at
II a.m. or 4 p.m. Occas. applied also to a regular meal,
see below.
Der.' OA5. Nhp.' 2 Sometimes corrupted to ' maver.' War.^
Understood by farmers to be the drink given by them to labourers
at harvest, or other times, between meals, but it is not so limited
by the labourers, who apply it to the meal. Hrf. Ray (1691)
MS. add. (J.C.) pxf.', n.Bck. (A.C.) Bdf. If you inquire of a
labouring man as to wages, he will reply that he has so much
a day and his baver, A^. &• Q. (1876) 5th S. v. 97 ; (J,W.B,) Hrt.
They eat wholly on this [L e, cheese] and bread at one time of the
day, which they call their beaver, Ellis Mod. Lftisb. (1750) V, iii ;
(H.G,) ; Themealsare — First breakfast, before 6; breakfast, oreight
o'clock, at 8 ; beaver, at 10 or 11, Cussans L/ist. Hrt. (1879-1881)
III, 320; A'^. &Q. (1872) 4th S, X. 113. Cmb, (J,D.R.,; e,AQ,'2
Nrf, Cozens-Hardy Broad Nrf. (1893) 8; Nrf.' £uf. C,T.) ;
(M.E,R,); RAiNDiRD^jg-nc,(i8i9) 296, ed, 1849; Suf,' Ess. The
first meal taken by horse-keepers after beginning work, Britten
Old Cy. Wds. (1880) 5 ; Spurdens Vocab. (1840). Ken. In use in
the neighbourhood of Sittingbourne, The true Kentish word is
'Lowance' (P.M.); Ken,', Sur,', Sus. (M,B,-S.), Sus,', Hmp,'
Slang. Shadwell »3'*f. 5/a»^(i859-i864); Obs. (A.D.H.); At
Eton, beer, bread, and salt are laid for the collegers in the Hall
underthenameofbeever, A',&'£'. (187214th S.x. 178; [At Charter-
house] if a boy wants an additional piece of bread, he asks for
a * beavor,' a bit taken \vith drink. Public Schools Cal. (1886) 206
in A'. 6^ Q. (1876) 5th S. v. 97 ; It may be interesting to old
Etonians to read the news that ' bever' is abolished, Sat. Review
(1890) 798, col. I.
2. Comp. (i) Bever-cake, a cake made to eat with ale, at
4 p.m. ; (2) -time, an interval allowed for refreshment, in
the morning and afternoon.
(I) Suf. (F.H.) (2) Bdf. An interval at about ten o'clock,
Marshall /?(OTWt;(i8i4) IV. 589. Suf. (F.H.) Slang. Shadwell
Wyke. Slang (1859-1864) ; At half-past four in summer time a
short intermission in school time was allowed. Formerly a bever
or allowance of beer was then served (A.D.H.).
3. Any drink.
Lon. All beer, brandy, water, or soup, are ' beware,' Mayhew
Lond. Labour (J851) HI. 139, cd, i86r,
4. A small loaf of bread, eaten in hall at Westminster.
Slang. N. & Q. (1876) 5th S. v. 157.
[They commonly take as much time to their beaver,
Bailey Erasmus (1733) 516; Thirty meals a day and ten
bcvcrs, Marlowe Fauslits (c. 1590) u. ii ; A middaies
BEVERAGE
[255]
BEZANT
meale: an undermeale : a boire or beaver: a refreshing
betwixt meales, Nomenclalor (1585) (Nares). OF. bcivre,
a drinking.]
BEVERAGE, sb. So. Irel. Dur. Wni. Yks. Lan. Der.
Nrf. Dcv. Cor. Written baiverage N.I.' ; beberisb Dur. ;
beveridge \Vm.' w.Yks.* Dev.'
1. Small cider ; also, a composition of hot cider, sugar,
and gin.
w.Cy. Marshall Riir. Econ. (1796). Dev.'s, Cor.*
2. Obsot. A fine, either in money, drink, or kisses,
demanded of any one on the first wearing of new clothes ;
esp. in phr. to pay beverage.
Sc. She gat the beverage o' his braw new coat (Jam.). Abd., Per.
Gie's the beverage o' yer new dress, Jane (G.W. ). N.I.' Dur.
Gmso.N IVeardale Gl. (1870). Wm.l Obsol. n.Yks. Atkinson
Whitby (1894) 287. w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds. ; Leeds Merc. Siippl. (Nov.
8, 1884) ; w.Yks.23* ni.Lan.' When a youngster hes a new suit
on id relations nip id for new, an' tell id as id mon pay beverage —
thad is, ' wet ' 'em — tliad is, gi' them summat to wet 'em wi' i' th'
shape o' brass. Der.i Obs. Nrf. (J.H.); Nrf.i Dev.* Thee hast
a cruel pretty gown on; ... you must pay biveredge, Bet, 11.
[2. To pay beverage, to give a treat upon the first
wearing of a new suit of cloaths, &c., Bailey (1721).]
BEVERLEY CROP, sb. Yks. Close-cropped hair.
e.Yks. [So called from] the close cut the prisoners receive in
Beverley Gaol, Nicholson Fik-Lore (1890) 104.
BEVIE, sb.'^ Sc. (Jam.) A jog, a push. Cf. bevel, sb.^
BEVIE, 5A.2 Sc. (Jam.) A large fire.
BEVISH, sb. and v. Wm. Yks. Lan. Also written
bevis n.Lan. [be'vij, bevis.]
1. sb. Unnecessary fuss or show; uncalled-for energy.
Wm. ' He went intul't wi seek a bevish.' This would be remarked
of one who in getting his food, or starting on any task or work,
made a great show of energy (B.K.). n.Yks.^
2. V. To jump about ; to stagger, to walk unsteadily.
Wra. Theer we wor, menny an 'oor, bevishin aboot amang
t'snow. T'auld feul was drunk an' was bevishen aboot trae yah
side o' t'rooad to t'other (,B.K.) ; He was bevesen aboot like a caulf
wi' yalla pattens [a new-born calf] (J M."!. n.Lan. (W.S.)
Hence Bevising, ppl. adj. leaping, jumping.
n.Lan. A great bevising trout (W.S.).
BEVIS S, si. Lei. The flesh of a young ox or cow.
Lei. A cow-calf would make very pretty beef at three years old,
but, if killed sooner, they called it beviss, Lisle Husb. (1757) 259.
BEVOR, see Bever.
BEW, V. Dev. Also written boo nw.Dev.^ To bend,
twist.
Dev.3 Yu've a-bewcd th' annel ov thease umberrellar. nw.Dev.'
[A pron. of bozu (to bend).]
BEW, see Beugh.
BEWATTLED, ///. adj. Glo. Of sheep : covered with
hanging pellets of clay, after feeding in a turnip-field
(H.S.H.).
BEWATTLED, inf. Obsol. Glo. An exclamation of
anger or vexation.
n.Glo. Used only by very old people. Bewattled ! if I don't
thrash you! fH S.H.)
BEWCASTLE, sb. Cum. A term of reproach. Cf
Billingsgate.
Cum. Two viragos [were] holding a slanging contest; . . . the
most pungent . . . epithets resorted to were ' Barney Castle' and
'Bewcastle,'/7*-Z.o>v7»>i. (1883) I. 228 ; The natives of Bewcastlc
still retain the character their fore-elders bore as moss-troopers
and raiders on the borders (J. P.).
BEWEEP, J/. Yks. To bewail.
n.Yks. He's sair bewept [his death is much felt] (T.S.) ; n.Yks.*
[I have bewept a worthy husband's death, Suaks. Ric/i.
Ill, II. ii. 49.]
BEWER, see Buer.
BEWITH, s«. Sc. A substitute, makeshift.
Sc. One who arrives when the regular dinner is eaten is said to
get only a bewith for a dinner (Jam.). Lnk. This bewith when
cunzie is scantj-, Will keep them frae making a din, Ramsay Tea-
TabU Misc. (1724) I. 100, ed. 1871.
[This is a sb. fr. the phr. to be wi', to tolerate, to put up
with (Jam.).]
BEWIVERED, pp. Dev. Also bewhivered Dev.'
Bewildered, confounded. Cf wivver (to quiver).
n.Dev. Grose 117901. Dev.'; Dev.^ Dawntee go to bewiver 'or,
cr's narvous enough as tez. Coming up drU the cattle fair I got
purty bewivered.
BEWK, see Buke.
BE'WOTTLE, v. Nhp. To confuse or render light-
headed.
Nhp.2 He's amwust bewottlcd me.
[Truly she looks as if she were bewhatled, Cartwright
Swdge, V. iii, in Comedies (1651) 164]
BEWRAYED, pp. n.Dev. [Not known to corre-
spondents.] Seized with a foolish fit of talking.
n.Dev. Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.)
[The pp. of bavray, often used in the sense of telling
unintentionally what it is intended to conceal. Thy
speache bewreyeth the, Tindale (1534) Malt. xxvi. 73.]
BEWSE, see Boose.
BEY, V. Chs. Used in asseverations: to be sure,
certain, bound.
s.Chs.' Ahjl bey wi^sn goa* oa-r u brij- ufoa-r wi gy'ct-n faar
[Ah'll bey we san go o'er a bridge afore we getten farj.
[D(y for abey, to pay the penalty. I dar wel seye. If
that they doon, ye shul it dere abeye, Chaucer C. T. c. 100.
Cp. OE. abycgan, to buy, pay for.]
BEYDE, see Abide.
BEYOND, adv. and prep. Var. dial, usages in Sc. Irel.
and Eng. Also in forms beyant Irel. ; beyont Sc. Irel.
n.Yks.'" e.Yks.' n.Lin.' ; beyun, byun, Nhb.'
1. adv. Yonder, outside.
Ir. Where's the mistress?— Beyant with Mrs. Ry.in, Paddiatia
(1848) 1.30; Sure there's a letter for her they gave me down
bey.int. Barlow Idylls (1892) ii , There was a lair down hcyanl.
ib. Lisconiiel (1895) 37; (G.M.H. , n.Yks. When hah sud find
thee beyont, hah wad kiss thee, Robinson S»^. Sol. (i860) viii. i.
2. prep. Over and above, in excess of.
Nlib.' It's byun ten 'ear sin he left. w.Som.* Dev. I consider
that bcyiin fair, Reports Proviitc. (1883) 81.
3. In phr. to get, or go beyond, to get the better of, obtain
the mastery over, overreach in a bargain, &c.
n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.* They gat boyont us. w.Yks. He went be-
yond him (C.C. R.). s.Wor. My ooman is very bad, sir; and the
doctor cornt get beyand it no how, Porson Quaint IVds. (1875)
25. Hrf.=
4. In phr. (i) to put beyond oneself , to render conceited ;
(2) beyond the beyond(s, (a) unexpected, incredible, out of
the way ; (b) a very out-of-the-way place.
(i) Ir. A little thravellin' puts us beyant ourselves sometimes.
Lover Leg. (1848) II. 275. (2) Bnff.» Weel, that's bcyon the
beyont. Ir. The ringin' iv a bell doin' the like is bejant the
beyants intirely, Lover Leg. (1848) II. 280; (G.M.H) N.I.'
Ant. Beyont the bej'ons, wheer the aul meer foaled the fiddler
[an answer to au inquisitive person], Ballymena Obs. (1892).
(2) N.I.'
5. Behind.
e.Yks. Wiv his gun viddy raised, lie steead beyont deear,
Nicholson FltSp. (1889) 43 ; e.Yks.', n.Lin.'
BEYST, see Buist.
BEYURN,t/. Chs.' [Not known to our correspondents.]
To raise.
BEZANT, sb. Obs. Dor. The name of a 'trophy,'
and of a festival held in the town of Shaftesbury, or
Shaston, on Monday in Rogation week.
Dor. The * Bezant ' was an acknowledgment on the part of the
Borough to the Lord of the Manor of Mitcombc for the permission
to bring up water for use from the hamlet of Enmore Green. The
festival sadly degenerated, and in the year 1830 ceased altogether.
The ' Bezant ' which gave its name to the festival consisted of
a sort of trophy constructed of ribbons, flowers and peacock's
feathers, fastened toa frame, about four fecthigh, round which were
hung jewels, coins, medals, &c., lent for the purpose, Chambers
Bk. Days (1869) I. 585.
[This use of 'bezant' for an offering may be compared
with its use for the name of a certain offering made by
the kings of England at the sacrament or at festivals, and
Ijy French kings at their coronation ; see Blount (1670),
s. v. Byzantine.]
BEZONTER
[256]
BIBBLE
BEZONTER, /«/. Chs. Also written bezounter Chs.';
bezountee Chs.^ An expletive denoting surprise.
Chs.i Bezonter me ! but avv'm fair gormed ; Chs.^
BEZUM, see Besom.
BEZZLE, v.^ Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Lin. Nhp.
War. Wor. Shr. Glo. e.An. Also written bessle w.Yks.^;
bazzle Chs.' [bezl.T
1. To waste, squander ; also, to embezzle.
Yks. Thoresby Lett. (1703). w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Siippl. (May 9,
1885) 8; w.Yks.", Glo.'
2. To drink immoderately; occas. to be gluttonous.
Wm. Bezzling dawn Strang liquors, Hutton Bran Neiv Work
(1785) 1. 456; He's alius bezzlen' (J.M.) ; Wm.' Doan't bezzle sooah.
n.Yks.>2, e.Yks.i, m.Yks.i w.Yks. N//x. IVds. ; w.Yks.''^^" ;
w.Yks.5 A baby has a little can of water given it to ' bezzle at ' in
order to amuse and keep it quiet. Lan. I cawd for another [pint],
on bezzilt tut, too, Tim Bobbin View Dial. (1746) 54) «=d- '75° ; We
soon bezzilt that, un wot then do you think? Collins Pon;i5 (1859)
56 ; Lan.i, ne.Lan.' Chs. S/ieafl 1878) I. 76 ; Chs.' Dunna bazzle so
mitch at that whey. s.Chs.' Wot kun yii ekspek't uv u mon uz iz
au'vi bez'lin ut dhu bee ur baar'il ] [what con yo expect of a
mon as is auvay bezzlin at the beer-barrel ?] Stf.^, Der.^, nw.Der.'
n.Lin.' He's alius bezzlin'. Nhp.' War.^ Applied to both eating
and drinking. s.Wor.', se.Wor.', Shr.', e.An.', Nrf.', Suf.'
Hence (i) Bezzled, ppL adj. drunk, besotted with drink ;
(2) Bezzler, sb. a drunkard ; (3) Bezzling, pp/. adj. glut-
tonous, intemperate.
(i) Stf.° 'E was bezzled when 'e soined th' pledge and 'e's bin
drinkin ivver sin. (2) w.Yks. Cudworth Norton (,1886). Stf.^,
Shr.' (3) War.3 A greedy bezzling fellow.
[1. To bezzle, pergraecor, Coles (1679). 2. That divine
part is soakt away in sinne, In sensual lust, and midnight
bezeling, Marston Scourge (1599) u. vii. OF. heziller, to
lay waste, destroy (La Curne).]
BEZZLE, i;.2 e.An. [tezl.]
1. To blunt or turn the edge of a tool in the process of
whetting or grinding, e An.'
Hence Bezzled, ppl. adj. of a tool : blunted, turned.
Nrf.' Suf. (Hall.)
2. To slope, to bevel. Nrf.*
[The same as bezel, the sloping edge of a cutting tool.
Biseait, a bezle, such a slopeness as is in the point of an
yron chizle, Cotgr. OF. *besel, cp. beseaii, forme employee
encore aujourd'hui par les charpentiers de preference a
biseaii (Hatzfeld).]
BEZZLE-CUP WOMEN, sb. pi. Yks. Women going
from door to door with a wassail cup (q. v.).
e.Yks. About Christmas time, women or girls called bezzlecup
or vesselcup women go from house to house, with two dolls in a
box, representing the Virgin and Child, Nicholson /Vi-Z-o/*^ (1890)
17; A'. & Q. (1884) 6th S. X. 481 ; e.Yks.'
[The old name of the ' Cup ' was changed through assoc.
w. bcszle (vb.' 2), q. v.]
BEZZLER, sb. Lan.' n.Lan.' Anything very large of
its kind. Cf banger.
BIACON-WEED, see Bacon-weed.
BIAS, sb. e.An. Som. Dcv. Written bias, bighes
e.An.'; byas w.Som.' [baias.]
1. Accustomed place or direction ; also Jig. usual pro-
cedure or habit ; reckoning.
w.Som.' A man speaking of pheasants said ; ' They'll sure to
came back to their byas.' Said of partridges, which do not seem
to know where they are flying: 'Ah! they be out o' their bias. '
Dev. A woman at Horrabridge expressed first her surprise at the
writer's calling on her, as being a week before the expected time ;
and secondly, her disappointment that certain things she had
expected to happen had not come to pass, summing up the whole
in the expression, ' It's all against my bias,' Reports Provinc. (1895"!;
I tellee whot 'tez, they've a made a mistake; they'm out ov their
bias thease time, Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892). nw.Dev. Us shall putt
Mall out o' her byes, eef us bide yer all th' arternoon (R.P.C.) ;
nw.Dev.'
2. In phr. in one's bias, in good humour, at one's best.
e.An.' Nrf. Cozens-Hardy Broad Nrf. {1893) 12; Nrf.'
[But when the feare is over, then they return to their
old byas againe, Rogers Naainan (1642) 33. A fig. sense
of lit. E. bias, the tendency of a bowl to run obliquely. Fr.
biais, byas, aslope, sloping (Cotgr.).]
BIAS, see Byous.
BIB, sb.^ Ken. Cor. The fish pouter, Morrhtia lusca.
Ken.', Cor.' 2 [S.\tchell (1879).]
BIB, sb.^ Ags. (Jam.) The stomach.
BIB, V. and si.^ Sc. (Jam.) Cum. Yks. Lan. Glo. Also
written beb (Jam.) n.Yks".'^ m.Yks.' w.Yks.'s [bib.]
1. V. To drink continuously, but in small quantities ; to
tipple. Cf bezzle.
Slk. n.Cy. Grose (1790V Cum. Linton Lake Cy. (1864"! 297.
n.Yks.' He wad sit bebbing an' soaking fra moornan' while
neeght ; n.Yks.^, m.Yks.' w.Yks. Hutton Tour to Caves (1781);
w.Yks.' ; w.Yks. ^ He sits bebbing j'onder astead o' going abart
his business. A man may sit a long while 'bebbing' before he is
drunk, but he begins to * bezzle' only after he can't tell what he
is doing. ne.Lan.' s.Lan. Bamford ZJjVi/. (1850).
Hence Bibber, sb. a tippler.
w.Yks.5 s.Lan. Bamford Dial. (1850).
2. sb. A small drink, a sip ; a small quantity of food.
Glo. The small horn cup, which used to be taken to the fields
with the labourer's cider can, was said to hold a bib. Also used
for the quantity of food prepared for an infant (H.S.H.) ; Glo.' A
bib of cider.
[1. To bibbe or drinke often, potito; to sippe often,
sorbillo, Baret (1580) ; This miller hath so wisly bibbed
ale, Chaucer C. T. 4162. (i) A bibber, bibax, vinosiis, Coles
(1679).]
BIB AND TUCKER, plir. Cum. Yks. Lan. Der. Nhp.
War. Wor. Glo. Anier. Usedy?^^. for the whole costume ;
gen. with adj. best : smart, holiday clothes.
Cum. (J.P.) w.Yks.2 ; w.Yks.5 Put that barn it's cloas on, bib
an' tucker, an' let's goa a gethering buttercups. Don'd grandly,
bib an' tucker, nowt a wanting. Lan.' Wheer's he for? He's
gotten his best bib-an-tucker on. nw.Der.', Nhp.', War. 23, Wor.
(J.W.P.) Glo. The wench as 'a got 'er best bib an' tucker on,
Buckman Darke's Sojourn (1890) 167. [U.S.A. Dial. Notes (1895)
396]-
BIBBED, pp. Yks. [bi'bd.] Dressed up, decked out ;
gen. used with tip.
. n.Yks. Common in very rural districts. All bibbed up wi'
furbelows (R.H.H.) ; Thoo's bibb'd oot gayly (T.S.) ; An' he was
bibb'd up iv his best, Yksinan. Comic Ann. (,1876) 29.
BIBBER, V. and sb. Irel. n.Cy. Nhp. Ken. Dor.
[bi'b3(r).]
1. V. To tremble, to shake. See Bever.
Wxf.' Aar gentrize ware bibbern, aamzil cou no stoane [their
gentry were quaking, themselves could not stand], 84. N.Cy.',
Nhp.' Ken. Grose (1790); (P.M.); Ken.' I saw his under lip bibber.
Dor. Ther wer a dog a-zot up in the frost a-sheakin and a-bibberin
(C.W.B.\
Hence Bibbering, /i/i/. adf. quaking, trembling.
s.Wxf.' You bibberin' idjut (P.J.M.X
2. sb. A tremor, state of trembling.
Nhp.' I am all of a bibber.
[Cp. LG. bibbern, to shake, tremble (Berghaus) ; G. dial,
(markisch) bibbern (Sanders) ; MDu. bibberen (Verdam,
s. v. Beveii).']
BIBBLE, s6.' Stf [bibl.] A pebble, stone, fossil.
Stf. (H.K.) s.Stf. He throwed at him an hit him wi a bibble,
PiNNOCK Blk. Cy. Aim. (1895").
BIBBLE, V. and si.^ Sc. Nhp. Glo. Brks. e.An. Hmp.
Wil. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written babble (Jam.).
[bi-bl.]
1. V. To drink frequently ; to tipple.
Sc. He's ay bebblingand drinking (Jam.). Glo.', Brks.', e.An.',
Suf.', Hmp.' Wil. Britton Beauties (,i825\ Som. Jennings Obs.
Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.', nw.Dev.'
Cor. Thomas Raudigal Rhymes (1895) Gl. ; Cor.^ MS. add.
Hence (i) Bibblar, sb. a tippler, a toper; (2) Bibbling,
ppl. adj. drinking.
( i) Nhp.', Hmp.' Wil. Britton Bfawft'fS (1825). Som. Jennings
Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825^; W. & J. Gl. (1873). nw.o'ev.' (2)
n.Dev. A bibbling, boostering, brinded chap, Rock Jim an' Nell
(1867^ St. 85.
2. To eat like a duck, gathering up food and water
together.
e.An.', Nrf.'
3. sb. Tipple, drink, beverage.
w.Som,' Puur'dee geod biib'l [pretty good tipple].
BIBBLE-BABBLE
[257]
BICKER
[1. Let me wyth you bybyll, Skelton Elynour Rummyiig
(c. 1529) 550, in IVks. (1843) I. 112. Bib {yh.) + -le (-el),
frcq. sufT.J
BIBBLE-BABBLE, sb. Yks. Lin. Idle, childish talk.
w.Yks.*, n.Lin.'
( Leave thy vain bibble-babble, Shaks. Twelfth Nt. iv. ii.
105-]
BIBBLES.sA. pi. Irel. Also in form bebbles.bribbles
Ant. Nonsensical talk.
Ant. (W.H.P.) ; He's just talkin' a lot o' bibblcs (W.J.K.).
BIBBLlN.si. Lei.' A nearly fledged chick of any bird.
BIBLE, sb. Dur. Yks. Der. Lin. Oxf. Som. Dev.
Slang.
1. In comp. (i) Bible-clerk, see below; (2) -oath, a very
solemn oath ; (3) -scant, neglected in a religious sense ;
(4) -truth, God's truth.
(I) Oxf. Many of the Colleges have Bible-clerks CA.L.M").
Slang. A College prefect [at Winchester] who holds office for
a week, keeping order in school and reading the lessons in
chapel. It was formerly his duty to read a chapter of the
Kible during the twelve-o'clock dinner-hour A.D. H.) ; Shadwell
IVyke. 5/a//,^ (1859-1 864^ (2) Der. I'd tak' a Bible oath it wasna
neither young Abel Bodcn, nor any other Voe chap, Cushinc
Voe (1888) I. viii. n.Lin.' I'd tak' my biblc-oalh on it if it was th'
last wo'd I was iver to speak. w.Som.' Aal taek mee buybl
oa'uth oa ut. Dev. One boy ofTcrcd to take his ' bible oath * that
he was leading up Pisgey Lane with another Kid, Bray Desc.
Taiitar and Tavy {1836) III. 163. (3) n.Yks.* A dark bible-scant
spot. (4) n.Lin.'
2. In phr. Bible aud key. a mode of divination ; see below,
(i) Dur.' Obs. Oxf.' By placing a key in a Bilile a girl ascertains
the first letter of her future husband's name, MS. add.
[1. (2) Madam Marwood took a book, and swore us upon
it, but it was but a book of poems. So long as it was not
a Bible-oath we may break it with a safe conscience,
CoNGREVE Way o/tlie Worlti, v. ii (Dav.).]
BIBLE, J^. Slang. At Winchester School: to administer
a flogging.
Slang. Shadwei.l Wyke. Slang (1859-1864') ; Underneath is the
place of execution where delinquents are bibled, Blackw. Mag.
(1864) XCV. 79.
Hence (i) Bibler, si., (2) Bibling, a flogging of six cuts.
Slang, (i) For a serious breach of duty, a flogging of six cuts,
a bibler, was administered, Mansfield School Life (18701 109.
(a") So called because Bible Clerk ;q. v.") assisted at the function,
and brought up the culprit whose * name had been ordered.'
Formerly called 'Bibler' (A.D.H.) ; Shadwell Wyke. Slang
(1859-1864).
BIBLE-BACK, 56. Midi. War. Hmp. A person with
broad, rounded shoulders.
War.^ licrc comes old bible back !
Hence Bible-backed, adf humpbacked, round-shoul-
dered.
Midi., Hmp. (J.R.'W.) [In the Tichborne trial, the following
evidence was given. ' Was he a big lad ? ' ' Yes. . . . He was
humpy or bible-backed,' N. & Q. 1,1873) 4''' S. xii. 227.]
BIBLER, si. e.An.* [Not known to our correspondents.]
A great Bible reader.
[Thou wouldest say, Methusalem I perceive you are
no very good Bibler, Pasiphilo, Gascoigne Supposes (1566)
1. ii, in IVks., ed. 1869, I. 205.]
BIBLER-CATCH, see Bilbo-catch.
BIBLE-TRIPE, sb. Nhb. Yks. The third stomach of
a ruminant, the 'manyplies' or 'manyfad,' the oiitasiiiii or
psalleritim ; so called trom the many parallel folds or layers
like the leaves of a book.
Nhb. Still used by old people. There is ' Manyfad' or ' Bihlc-
tripe,' 'Reed-tripe,' 'Honeycomb-tripe,' and 'Grass tripe' (s.v.
Tripe), Newc. Wkly. Cliron. (May 19, 1894). n.Yks. (I.W.)
BIBSTER, 56. Obs. Shr. A seller of ale.
Shr.' The Serjeants to account for issues and estreats of courts,
and bibsters' fines every quarter, Phillips IJisl. Shrewsbury, 161.
[Bib (see v.)-\--ster; cp. brewstet.]
BICK, sb. e.An. [bik.] A wooden bottle or cask in
which beer is carried to the field. Cf bicker, sb.'
e.An.' Suf. Used ine.Nrf. (II H M.) Ess. Still used by labourers
here [Manniiigtiee], who have come out of Suf. (16.)
VOL. I.
BICK, V. S. & Ork.' [bik.] I. To pat gently. 2 To
leave alone.
BICKEN, sb. Cor. [biksn.] A heap or mound, four
of which arc used in the game of rounders to mark the
course.
Cor. Peters threw the ball to the bickcn. The batsman in
rounders had to run to the first bickcn or round them i\ll if possible,
before he could be hit with the ball caiij;lu from his b.-it, and so
turned outof game, /•y*/,OM-yrn. i^iBSb; IV. 120; ,^M.A.C.) ; Cor.8
[A pron. of lit. E. beacon.]
BICKER, V. and s6.' Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. [bika'r).]
1. To skirmish, to fight. Also, to quarrel, contest, wrangle.
In n-r;/. colloq. use.
Abd. Three lusty fellows got of him a clank, And round about
him bickered a' at ancs, Ross Hclenore , 1768 1 49, cd, 1812. e.Lth.
The laird an' him were aj-e bickerin aboot ae thing or anither,
Ilu.NTER /. Itiuick (1895) 24- Ir. They'll bicker and allcpate
about every hand's turn, I5ariow Idylls (1892 180. Nhb.'
w.Yks.* Wiiat juh bickering alart! ah wish yuh'd cawal muh
once fur awal an' ha' done wi't ; bicker, bicker, bicker, t'daay
throw, ther's nivver noa pCace whear j-uh are. Lan. Oi'll nothcr
bicker nur fcyght, Kay Shuttlf.worth Scarsdale {\8$o , II. 214.
m.Lan.' Der, For they will byckcr with their buwcs, jEwirr
Ballads (18671 33.
Hence (i) Bickering, 11W. .';/;. quarrelling ; (2i Bickering,
p/>l. adj. quarrelsome, contentious, noisy ; (3) Bickerment,
sb. dispute, wrangling, contention.
(i) Ayr. No ill blood had been bred on my part, notwithstanding
our bickerings, Galt Provost (1882) v, w,Yks.* Share it nicely
an' ha' noa bickering about it. (s Abd. The village swain . . . Maun
bide the bick'rin' brattle, Beatiies I'arnigs 1 18131 24, ed. 1873.
Ayr. The bickering snufV-man seeing him, cried him to come in,
Galt Provost (1822^ xvii. (31 n.Lin.' Ther' was a straange
bickerment among 'em all .iboot draains an' things. w.Som.'
Yuur ! draap-ut, wuol ee ? lat-s ae-u las bik-urmunt [here ! cease,
will j'ou ? let us have less quarrelling].
2. To move quicklj'. Of a stream : to ripple, flow.
Sc. Where bickers the burnie, .Scoit Monastery ' 1820) ix ;
And fled as fast's his feet could bicker, Drummond Mnckomachy
(1846) t8; The water bickered and sang in (he midst, Stevenson
Catrionn \ 1895) x ; When bodies cam bickerin' a' clad in their
best — To beck to their bonnie young Queen. Thom Rhymes (1844)
117. Ayr. Auld Aire ran by before me. And bickcr'd to the seas,
Burns One Night. e.Lth. Oor burns here, that come loupin an'
bickerin doun frae the hills. Hunter /. Inwick (1895 84. Kcb.
Upo' the Hill nags, men, an' bo3*s A' through ither fast did bicker,
Davidson Seasons (1789) 71. Nhb. As fast as the heels on't could
bicker, RiTSON A'. Garl. (18101 56. Cum.' Wm. & Cum.' Wi'
merry lilts, the fidler's chang. The lads and lasses bicker, 188.
Hence Bickering, //i/. adj. luinying, rushing.
Rnf. The bickering brook . . . No more (;ocs dancing joi-ous on
his way, Young Pictures (1865^ 112.
3. To attack with repeated strokes, to pelt.
Lth. Whylcs bickerin' cats wi' chuckles. Smith Merry Bridal
(1C66) 35. Edb. My two prentices . . . were bickering one
another with snowballs, Moir Mansic IVatich (18281 xi. Fif.
Stanes were bickcrt affand flung, Tennant J'afistty (1827) 69.
4. sb. A skirmish, fight ; a scrimmage.
Sc. Boys arc said to have been killed at these bickers, Scott
IVaverley {1814) App. iii ; Who taught me to. . .head a bicker
and hold the bannets, ib. Redg. (1824) i. Fif. Terrible stends
they took and lang To 'scape frae that kirk-bicker, Tennant
Papistry (1827) 208. Lth. Wae fa' them puir things at a bicker,
Ballantine /"ofMw I 1856I 10. Edb. Sclwiolboy battles. Regular
pitched battles, technically called by us bickers, A', if Q. («853) ist
S. vii. 273.
5. A quick movement ; the noise caused by a succession
of rapid strokes.
Bnff.' A quantity of work done with speed. Ayr. Tho' leeward
whyles, against my will, I took a bicker. Burns Veath and Dr. //.
(I785^ St. 5.
6. One who is rough, stupid, and noisy. Bnff.'
[1. And there abide and bikcre a^cin Belialcs children,
P. Plon'iitan (b.) XX. 78; With his bowmen full buld
bykrit with the grekes. Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 7400. 2. And
sparkle out among the fern, To bicker down a valley,
Tennyson Brook, 26. 3. Schir richard . . . send wicht
jhomen that veil! couth schut, To bikkirthe reirward apon
L 1
BICKER
[258]
BIDDING
fut, Barbour Bruce (1375) xvi. 102. Cp. W. bkre, 'con-
flictus, pugna' (Davies).] r. - , , -1
BICKER, sb? Sc. Nhb. Cum. Also Som. [brksfr).]
1. A small wooden drinking-cup or bowl for holding
food ; freq. made of hooped staves. k\%ofig.
Sc. As good a fellow as ever toom'd a bicker, Ramsay Prov.
(^131) ; Before him was a large bicker of oatmeal porridge,
Scott IVaverley (1814) Ixvi; Ye winna need to loom the bicker,
Donald Poems (1867) 20; I like a bicker o' guid yill, Chambers
Pop. Rhymes (1870) 84. Abd. And ilk ane there drank ay his
bickerout, SHiRREFsP0fHis(i79OI4i; Five an' thirty barren acres,
. . . Winna fill the bairnies bickers. Still Cottar's Sunday (1845)
36. Per. Siccar bargains he could mak, When o'er a bicker he was
set, NicOLL Poems (1837) 90, ed. 1843 ; He saw his wooden
bicker with the black horn spoon beside it, Ian Maclaren Auld
Lang Syne (1895) 35. Ayr. Reekin' on a New-Year mornin' In
cog or bicker, Burns Sc. Dnnk ( 1 786). Edb. The laddie swigging
ale out of a bicker, K.01R Mansie IVaiicli (1828) x. Gall. All soldiers
... can right nobly ' claw a bicker,' Crockett Moss-Hags (1895)
xxvii. N.Cy.i I'll take a stap out o' your bicker [I'll repress your
saucy behaviour]. Nhb.' Our friend Bowrie is still able to bend
a bicker. Cum. Gang an' preeanudder bicker, Stagg Misc. Poems
(ed. 1807) 93 ; Cum.'
Hence Bickerful, sb. a bowlful.
Sc. Wi' a brown bickerfu' to quaff, Beatties Parings fiSoi') 37 ;
Grind a bickerfu' of meal in a quarter of an hour, Scotf Pirate
(1821) xi.
2. In coiitp. Bicker-cut, the method of cutting the hair
with the assistance of a bowl or basm, placed on the head
to guide the scissors. Cf basoncrop.
Edb. Give ploughmen's heads the bicker-cut for a penny, MoiR
Maiisic IVaiich (1828; 214.
3. A large wooden vessel holding about two gallons, used
for carrying water.
w.Som.' Deep and narrow, made of staves and hoops, with an
iron handle on one side ; the gen. form that of a pitcher. Freq.
seen at farm-houses and cottages in the Hill districts of w. Som,
and n.Dev.
[Byker, cuppe, a'mbiiim, Prompt. Norw. dial, bikar,
a cup (Aasen). Cp. Gael, biccir, a wooden dish (M.\cbainj.
The same word as lit. E. beaker.^
BICKNING, sb. s.Peni. [biknin.] A beacon, the
summit of a hill.
s.Pera. Laws Little Eng. ("1888) 419 ; (W.M.M.)
BICKY, sb. and v. Som. [bi'ki.]
1. sb. The game of hide-and-seek.
w.Som.i Km au'n, lat-s plaay tu bik-ee [come on, let us play at
hide-and-seek].
2. V. To hide one's eyes, as the seekers do in the above
game, in order not to see where the others go to conceal
themselves. Also with prep. down.
Som. Reports Proviiic. (1887 ) s. v. Moppy. w.Som.i Bee'ul ! dhee
diisn bik-ee fae'ur, dhee-s zee' [Bill ! thou dost not keep thy eyes
closed, thou dost see].
BID, V. and sb.^ Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Stf. Der. Amer. [bid.]
1. V. To invite, esp. to a wedding or funeral, at which
attendance is regarded as compulsory. Pret. bad, bade ;
pp. bid, bidden, bodden, or budden.
Frf. 1 heard tell he wasna bidden, Babrie Thrums (1889") 59.
Rxb. I'm budden to the waddin (Jam.). N.Cy.i Nhb.i Aa'sbid tiv
aad Anty's funeral the morn. He was bodcn ti gan. Dur.'
Cum. To the bride wain They bad' that day, Stagg Poems (1805)
Bridewain ; Cum.' Thay'r gaun to bid aw't toon to t'funeial.
Wm. In very thinly inhabited places, it was customary to bid two
at a house, Lonsdale Mag. (18221 III. 325 ; Wm.' n.Yks.' There
is a good deal of the imperative in the bidding phrase or formula,
' You are expected,' &c. Ah bad him t'tea. Maist pairto' t'parish
wur bidden te t'teafeast ; n.Yks.^ They bad us. I nivver was
bodden. Hae they bidden tiv his burying ? ne.Yks.' e.Yks.' Ah
mun gan an see last on him ; Ah's bid. m.Yks.' w.Yks. I were
bid to the house and they were to take up at 3 o'clock (A.C) ;
Yow're bidden to th' funeral F.P.T.) ; w.Yks.', ne.Lan.' Stf.2
Oi shud loik gu an sei dh' last 3 aud Bill if onni oi'd bin bidn. Der.^
Hence (i) Bidden-wedding, sb. see below; (2) Bidder,
sb.a person sent to invite the guests to a funeral, or occas.
to a wedding ; (3) Bidding, q. v.
(i) Cum. (1827) Hone TahU-bk. II. 374; I've thought sen syne
On that seame bidden weddin, Stagg Misc. Poems (1805) Bride-
wain ; A bidden-wedding is one to which a large number of guests
are invited, and, as at a penny-wedding or bridewain, expected
to contribute (M.P.); Cum.' Wm.' Obs. Lan.' Formerly the
custom in n Lan. Wei. The bidding weddings, common in other
parts of the Principality. . . . Printed circulars [are] sent round to
bid the guests to these . . . desiring that presents shall be brought,
Monthly Pckt. (Dec. i^62\6S,2. (2) N.Cy.' Nhb.' The custom is now
nearly disused. Bidders dressed in black silk scarfs, Mackenzie
Hist. Nhb. (1825) I. 206. Dur.', Cum. (E.W.P.), Wm.' n.Yks. As
soon after the breath had left the body as possible, * the bidder '
went round from house to house among those who were to be
' bidden to t'burial,' to ' warn' them that the burial was fixed for
such and such a day, and to add, ' and so and so . . . expect you
at ten o'clock in the morning,' Atkinson Moorl. Parish (1891)
226; n.Yks.' The parish clerk was the person customarily engaged
for this service : sometimes the sexton, or rather, Dog-whipper ;
n.Yks.2, m.Yks.', w.Yks.^ Lan. Harland & Wilkinson f Ik-Lore
(1867^275. n.Lan. i^W.H.H.)
2. To pray {obs.) ; to desire, wish. Also in phr. to bid the
time of day, to wish good-morning.
Ayr. We cheek for chow shall jog thegither, I'se ne'er bid better,
Burns Ep. to Major Logan (1786) ; I lippen'd to the chiel in trouth,
And bade nae better, ib. To Dr.Blacklock (1789). N.L' Ant. Bid
the time o' day, Ballymena Obs. (1892"). N.Cy.', Nhb.' Wra.
Bid God bless thee (K.'i. [Amer., Ind. To bid the time of day,
Carruth Kansas Univ. Qtiar. (1892) I.]
3. sb. An invitation.
[Amer. A bid to the wedding, Carruth Kansas Univ. Quar,
(1892: I.]
4. Coinp. Bid-words, messages, precepts.
n.Yks.2 (sv. Biddings).
[1. As many as ye finde, byd them to the manage,
TiNDALE (1534) Ma/t. xxii. 9. 2. Ure Louerd sulf . . .
teche^ us to bidden, Ancr. R. (c. 1225) 228. OE. biddan
(pp. bedeii), to pray, to command. The pp. forms bodden
and budden are taken over fr. ME. and OE. boden, pp. of
OE. beodan (ME. beden), to announce, command.]
BID, s6.2 Sh.I. [bid.] In fly-fishing : the end of the
line or gut to which the hook is attached.
Sh.LvK.I.) S. &Ork.'
BID, see Biddy.
BIDDABLE, adj. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Lin. [bi'dabl.]
Obedient, docile.
e.Sc. He had always been a ' biddable laddie,' Setoun Sunshine
(1895) 166. Ir. (A.'S.P. ) Ant. Ballymena Obs. 1,18921. N.Cy.'
A biddable child. Nlib.' Alike applied in describing an obedient
child, horse, or dog. It's that biddable, leuk ye, ye can de owt
wi'd. Cum. A servant is said to be honest and biddable (^M.P.) ;
Cum.', n.Liii.'
Hence (i) Biddableness, sb. obedience, compliance ;
(2) Biddably, adv. obediently, meekly.
(i) Sc. (Jam.) (2) Gall. Veiy biddably, the wife reached it
down, Crockett Moss-Hags (1895) xlvi.
[Bid {\o order, command), see Bid, v. -\- -able.']
BIDDACK, sb. Sh.I. A thick oatmeal cake, used
at sea.
Sh.L (Co//. L.L.B.); (K.L)
[Prob. repr. Gael, bidcag, a bit, morsel, which is the
same as bittock (q.v.) ; so Macbain.]
BIDDELS, sb. pi. Obs. n.Yks.'^ The guests invited to
a funeral.
BIDDICKS, see Beat axe.
BIDDING, sb. Sc. Cum. Wm. Yks. Chs. Der. Wal.
[bidin.]
1. An invitation, esp. to a funeral or a wedding. See
Bid, V.
Sc. I got a bidding to the wedding (Jam. Suppl.) ; We a' got a
bidding To gang to the wedding, Tannahill Poems and Songs
(1817) 255. Abd. Gin a biddin' winno' do't I canno gar ye,
BEATTiEsPn)V»^i-(i8i3) 7,ed. 1873. N.Cy.' Cum. Aw their bidden'
owr and duone, Stagg Misc. Poems (1807) 4. Wm. There shall not
goe from henceforth a biddinge through this Burgh for anie ofter-
inge with the Bridegroome above three men, Kendal Rec. (1655) J
Wm.i n.Yks.= Thoo munnot lite o' bidding [must not wait for an
invitation]. ne.Yks.' Chs.' He's gone round with the biddins ;
there'll be a ruck o" folks ; Chs.=3, Der.=, nw.Der.' s.Wat. A
herald, with a crook or wand adorned with ribbons, makes the
circuit of the neighbourhood, and makes his bidding in a prescribed
BIDDLE
[259]
BIDE
form, Brand Pop. AtUiq. (cd. 1849) "• '46- s.Pem. Laws Little
Eiig. (1888) 419-
2. A wedding party at which a collection, in money or
kind, is made for the bride and bridegroom.
Cth. When a bidding is made, it is usual for a large procession
to accompany the young couple to church, and thence to the house
where the bidding is held. ' We arc encouraged by our friends to
make a bidding,' A'. & Q. (1851) ist S. iii. 114; Brand Pop.
Aiitiq. (ed. 1849) II. 147.
3. A certain extent of houses, whose inhabitants had the
right of invitation to a neiglibour's funeral. Obs. (.')
Wm. Lonsdale Mag. (1822) III. 325 ; BRIGGsTJcwia/HS (1825) 233
4. In />/. messages, precepts.
n.Yks.2 God's biddings, the ten commandments.
5. Coiiip. (i) Bidding-ale, ale served to guests at
a funeral; (2) -bell, the funeral bell ; see below; (3) -cake,
the cake or bread used at funerals ; cf. arval-cake ; (4)
•day, the day on which funeral invitations are issued ;
(5) -JFeast, a funeral repast ; (6) -funeral, a funeral to
which people are ' bidden ' or invited ; (7J -powder, a pur-
gative powder.
w.Yks. (i) (J.T.) (2) (S.K.C.); w.Yks.2 A small bell used
immediately before the commencement of service. (3) w.Yks.
(J.T.) (4 n.Yks.2 (5) w.Yks.(S.K.C.) (6) w.Yks.^ (7)n.Yks.2
BIDDLE, see Beetle.
BIDDLE-B ADDLE, fl<^'. Chs. Trifling, of small account.
Chs.' I never made no accaint o' milk-sclling, it's biddle-baddle
BIDDY, sb.' Nhb. Yks. Nhp. War. Won Oxf. e.An.
Sus. Hnip. I.W. Som. Dcv. Anier. Also in forms beedy
Sum. ; buddy Nhb.' ; bid w.Yks.^ [bi'di ]
1. A hen or chicken, occas. a duckling, gen. used by
children. Cf. chickabiddy.
e.Yks.i Nhp. ^ The 'coom biddy ' so often heard in the poultry-
yard. War. fj.R.W.), se.Wor.i Oxi.^ MS. add. e.An.12, Suf.
(KH.) Sus. HoLi OWAV. Hmp.i.I.W.' Som. W. & J. G/. (1873I ;
Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eiig. (1825). Dev. [Only in the comparison]
Zo 'appy's a biddy, Hevvett Peas. Sp. (1892) ii. [U.S.A. Many
of the biddies had stolen their nests. Roe He /ell in Love (1886)
237-]
2. A call to fowls, ducks, or swans.
Nhb.' e.Yks. (Miss A.) w.Yks.^ Used in calling ducks from
the water.
BIDDY, sb.' Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. [bi-di.]
A louse ; occas. a flea.
Nhb.', Dur.', Cum. (MP.), Cum.' Wm. I'se as lish as a biddy
(J.M.I; Wm.', w.Yks.', Lan.', ne.Lan.', e Lan.'
BIDDY-BASE, sb. and v. Yks. Not. Lin.
1. sb. The game known also as prisoners' base.
w Yks. (W.W.P.), n.Lin.', sw.Lin.'
2. V. Of children : to run backwards and forwards, to
patter about. Not.^
[Prob. repr. biddiii:^ base. Cp. Spenser Sh. Kal. (1579)
Oct. 4 : Whilome tiiou wont the shepheards laddes to
leade. In rymes, in ridlcs, and in bj'dding base.]
BIDDY'S EYES, s/!>. Som. The heart's ease or pansy,
Viola tricolor.
Som. A'. &-■ Q. (1877) 5th S. viii. 358 ; Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eitg.
(1825) ; W. & J. Gl. U873). w.Som.l
BIDE, V. In van dial, uses in Sc. Ircl. and Eng.
Also written bahd ne.Yks.* ; beyde Cum. ; boide Lan. ;
byde Sc. See Abide.
I. Intrans. Pret. baad, bade, bead, bid, or bode; also
bided ; pp. bedden, bidden, bodden, or bodcn.
1. Of persons : to wait ; to tarry or remain in a place or
condition ; to dwell, live. Also in phr. to bide muay, back,
to stay away, behind ; bide off, keep away ; lo let bide, to
let alone, leave unmolested.
Sc. Bide back and consult your safety. Scott Nigel (1822) xxvi.
Or.I. (S.A.S.) Abd. Auntie and me bidet oor lanes, Alexander
Johnny Gibb (1871) vii ; Ye've bidden a' thegither, ib. Frf. Wlia
bides i' this hoose!BARRiE 7"Am»(s(i889) 211. Per. A' cud bide nae
langer, Ian Maclaren Autd Lang Syne (1895) 261. Ayr. I'll bide
till ye're done wi' them, Galt Lairds (1826) xxv ; I fear ye'll bide
till Ijreak o' day. Burns IVha is that. Lnk. Ye mauna bide lang
away, Fraser IVhatips (1895) xi. Edb. Bide a wee, MoiR Maiisie
H'auch (1828) xix. Gall. Bide a wee, faither, an' briskly I'll be
wi' ye, Crockett Mossl/ags (1895) iii ; Bide ye where ye are, 16.
Stid'il Min. (1893) 226. Ir. She bides content in her mind.
Barlow Keirigan (1894)200. N I.' N.Cy.' Bide off, you stob !
MS. add. (W.T. ) Nlib. Yemight ha'boden at thedoor, «. 7>'«<'rfa/«
Stud. (1896) R. Armstrong; Nhb.' He's bidden lang. Ye should
ha' bedden till aa cam. We bid at hyem. He had bidden ower
lang i' the watter. Dur. Gibson IVeardale Gt. (1870); Dur.'
Cum, I'll remember if you let me bide a wee, Dalby 71/n)TO)'(/(i888)
I. 19 ; Gl. (1851) ; Cum.3 If he'd come into t'warld pooar, he wad
ha' bidden pooar. Wm. Whear mi fadthre an mudthre an honast
fooak bide, Sfiec. Dial. (1885^ pt. iii. i; Wm.' The fadder hes
bidden lang at t'fair. n.Yks. Them 'at bahds i' their faather hoose,
MuNBY Verses (1865) 61 ; n.Yks.' Where does thee bide? n.Yks.*
Where had they bodden? Also \ fig.^ 'Now do bide in a bit,'
restrain yourself, keep your temper. ne.Yks.' Sha bahds at
Malton. e.Yks.' m.Yks.' Pray thee now, bidest 'e a bit. w.Yks.
Sheea's bahded i' t'village, MAcguoiD Doris Banigh (1877^ xxiv ;
w.Yks.' Lan. It wur too hot to bide i' th' heawse, Banks Manch.
Man (1876) xxxvi ; Bide wi' mo, neaw, till aw dee, Waugh Poems
(1870) Jamie's Frolic; Hoo winnot boide [continue to live] woile
neet, Kay-Shuttleworth Scarsdale {1B60) II. 282 ; Lan.', ne.Lan.'
e.Lan ' Pret. bode. Chs.'^^ Yo mun bide aw neet wi' us. Der.',
Not. (L.C.M.) nLiu.' Bide a bit in Scallows laane. sw.Lin.'
Bide you still. Nhp.' ; Nhp.'^ I bent gwaintobide here na langer.
War.2 s.War.' Bide where you be, a bit ! Glo. I bided firm,
BucKMAN Darhe's Sujouni (1890) xiv; Bide still, Ba\lis Illns.
Dial. (1870,; Glo.' Let I bide, I be right, be'nt I? Glo.^ Brks.
(M.J B.) ; Brks.' Suf.' Dew yeow bide there. Ken. 1 P. M. ) ; Ken.>
Sur. If we did'n get the extry wage we could'n bide, A^. Ct* Q.
(1878) 5th S. X. 222: Sur.' Sus. Shall I tell you how it was that
he bid there? Egerton Flks. and Ways 1 i884"i22; (F.E.) ; Sus.' If
ye've got three [children] You must bide where }-ou be. Hmp.
(K.E.); Hmp.' I.W. ' He bides at Newport ; I.W .2 He bides zum.
where about Keasbrooke. Wil. Shall I bide with ye to-night, Pen-
RUDDOCKE Content {i&bo) 61 ; Just bide quiet, Ellis P'onimc. (1889)
V. 45 ; There we bid var dree long hours, Slow 7f/o'""'-s( 1889 54;
Wil.' Where do 'ee bide now ? Bide still, will 'ee ? Dor. I bode at
Juddle Farm, Hardy Madding Crowd (1874) viii ; Barnes Gl.
(1863); Dor.' I an' brother Jim do bide At Betty White's, 150.
Som. Bide where you be, Raymond ioycaiirf Quiet Life .1894) 122 ;
(J.S.F.S.); W. &J. 67. (1873). w.Som.' The form ' bode' is un-
known. Ee buydz laung wai dh-oal Maal ee Joaunz [he lodges
(along) with old Mary Jones. Aay buyd stee'ul gin dhai wuz u-goo*
[I remained quiet until they were gone]. Dev. He has bided true
to her memory, Baring-Gould Spider (1889) xxxiv ; Sam bidtd
to school longer than the rest, O'Neill Idylls 1892) 45 ; 'Er bides
in ouze, moping about awl day, Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892 52.
e.Dev. Us'll baide in th' villages, Pulman Sng. Sol. (i860) vii. 11.
Dei".^ Cor. She sticks to et to bide along wi' we, ' Q.' Troy Town
(1888) iv ; Let her bide as she be, Peard Mother Molly ^iSSg) 177 ;
Maids should bide tu bed, Cahill IVheal Certainty (18901 45.
Hence Biding, vbl. sb. (i) staying, tarrying; (2)
a dwelling, abode ; also in conip. Bidingplace.
(i) Nhb. The lads are in awhile for biding, Graham Moorl. Dial.
(1826) 6. Dor. Better than biding at home, Hardy Tnimpet-Major
(1880) xi. (2) Sc. Roon' aboot thair bj-din-pleces, Riddell Ps.
[ 1857 1 Ixxviii. 28. Frf. Ye ha'e . . . bidin' bein an' easy, Laing
WaysidcFlrs. (1846J 77. Dor. (W.C.) Som.W. & J. Gl. (1873).
w.Som.' Buydeen.
2. Of things : to remain ; to continue ; to wait.
Sc. I might just let the letter bide. Steel Rowans (1895) 237.
e.Lth. There it is, an' there it wuU bide. Hunter /. Inwick (1895)
186. Nhb. Let it bide as it is, Netvc. Fishers' Garl. (1844) i6g ;
Nhb.' It'll bide wor time. Cum.^ It ola's bead by him, 164. Yks.
If wishes wad bide Beggars wad ride, Prov. in Brighonse News
I July 23, 1887 >. n.Yks. Iv the warld bahd, Castillo PocMis (1878)
41 ; n.Yks.^ T'fine wcathir bides weel. w.Yks.' My knees baad
whackerin, ii. 302. Ken,' Just you let that bide, Sur. Let 'un
bide, BiCKLEY 5»r. //i7/s(^ 1890 / III. xix; Sur.' You let that ladder
bide. Sus, I did blow 'er but 'er wouldn't bide blowed, Egerton
Flks and IVavs 11884) '37- n.Wil. Let uu bide, woo't [will you]
(E.H.G.l. Hmp.'
3. In phr. lo bide by, to maintain, to stick to ; to continue
in one state ; also, to become pregnant (said of animals).
Sc. Ill no bide be that agreement. Applied also to one of an
inconstant disposition. Of a sick person it is said that he does
not ' bide be,' when he seems to recover one hour and relapses the
next ( Jam.\ Ayr. To support Caledonia's cause. And bide by the
buff and the blue, Burns //cfv'i a Health. n.Yks. A s'll ev to bide
by'tiW.H.i. w.Som.' I've a-zaid it, and I'll bide by it. He'll
bide by |his bargain]. Her [a mare] 've a-bin dree times to
' Varmint,' but her 'out bide by un.
I. I 2
BIDE-OWE
[260]
BIELD
II. Trans. Prel. bade, bode, bude ; also bided ; pp.
bidden, bodden.
1. To wait for, await.
Sc. 'You bide trj-st with Prestongrange V I asked, Stevenson
Calriona 1892 v; The bairns just bided their time, Steel ^orrnHS
I 1895 201 ; If that did not cool him, there was another biding
him, Scott Si. Ro>mn 11824 iv ; The deel bides his day. Prov.
(Jam.) La-.i. I am bidin' her time. Francis Daughter ofSoil(iSg^)
100. Not.' Th'ull a ter [have to] bide thee time.
2. To bear, endure, tolerate. Also intrans. Cf. abear,
away with.
Sc. To bide the bang to the last, Scott Mouaslay (1820') xiii ;
1 have that in my heart . . . tliat wunna bide shame, ib. Midhlhiaii
(i8i8^xxiv; Beggarsdownabidewealth, HendehsonP/oi'. i 1833)4,
ed. i88i. Abd.The village swain . . . Maun bide the bick'rin' brattle,
Be.\tties Parings v 1813I 24, ed. 1873 ; Forced to byde the bydings
that I baid, Ross Heleiwre (,1768 87. Ayr. Wasna fit to bide the
flyte, Galt Eii/ail (1823) xvii ; Slighted love issair to bide. Burns
Duncan Gray; He bade an unco bang, ih. Brigs of Ayr. N.Cy.'
The pain's so great, I can't bide it. Nhb. Nyen but mysel could
bide thy yammer, Wilson Pi/nian's Pay ^1843) 8; Nhb.', Dur.'
Cum. It's bad to beyde, Anderson Ballads 1808) 2 ; An arrogant
person " cannot bide cworn ' [cannot bear prosperity, like an over-
fed horse] ,M.P. 1; Lasses budehismockin', Lonsdale {//is/io/i, 18 11);
Cum.* Wra. Your hell-fire thirst mun be bidden, Mutton Bran
New Work ^17851 I. 416; I cud bide nae langer, Wheeler Dial.
(17901 41, ed. 1821 ; ■Wm.' n.Yks.' It's bad to bide ; n.Yks.= He
can still bide a vast for all he has bodden a good deal iv his day ;
iLYks.^ I can bide as mickle pain as any body. ne.Yks.* e.Yks.
We ha' bidden nionny a blast o' wind and weather, Browne
Poems 1800 160; His ayms began ti w.ahk. wliahl he cud hardlins
bahd, Nicholson /"/*-5/>. ^18891 36; e.Yks.' .1/5. add. (T.U.)
m.Yks.* I've bidden and bidden it while I can bide it no longer.
w.Yks. There's noabdy bud the Lord an me, At knaws what ah've
ta bide, Ingledew Ballads (18601 250; w.Yks.' Lan. Aw con
hardly bide to look on that deceivin' face o* thine, Clegg David's
Loom (1894) xxiii; Lan.i We'n bide one another, whatever may
come, Waugh Jamie's Frolic 1 1859 ; He gran' an bode, fro d.ay
to day, i/i. Cronies 18751 v. e.Lan.', m Lan.', Chs.^a n.Lin.' Put
it up o" myshou'ders, I can bide th' waaight. Nhp.^ Sur. I canna
bide ee goin' w'out, Bickley Sur. Hills 1890) III. xvii.
Hence (i) Bide. sb. pain, suffering; (2) Bider, sb.
a sufferer; (3) Biding, vb/. sb. enduring : also in phr. past
biding, bej'ond endurance; (4) Bidings, vbl. sb. pi.
sufferings ; (5) Bideless, adj. impatient of suffering.
(I) Lth. A terrible bide (Jam.;. Gall. Weel kens mine the bide
o't. Harper Bards (,18891 216. (21 Cum. (,M.P.) n.Yks.2 Thoo's
a bad bider. (3) Dur.', Cum. (M.P.) ■Wm.' Ther's no bidin it.
Yks. To mak' life past bidin', Yksman. XXXVl. 454. n.Yks. There's
neea barding we yeh (T.S.). w.Yks.' It wark'd past bidin. (4)
Sc. (Jam.) Abd. The bydings that I baid, Ross Helenore {i-]68j
87. (5) Cum. i,M.P.)
3. Of things: to need, require.
n.Cy. It will bide billinge ^working] at, Grose (1790). Cum.^
It's bidden a morto' time, but it's deiinn at last. Wm. Wudsworth's
potry was real hard stulT, and bided a deal of makking, Rawnsley
Remin. IVordsworlh 118841 185; Wm.' T'liay hes bidden a lang
while a dryin. w.Yks. M\' things don't bide a deal of packing
(F.P.T.) ; \Vc say of a sum ot money, ' it bides a deal of getting,'
Hamilton Nugae Lit. 1841) 356; w.Yks.' This job hes bidden
a sect o' duin ; w.Yks.^ T'owd gent a) bide a good deal o' waating
on, 22. ne.Lan. Thiy'll bide some wakkcnin' as sleep raand here,
Mather /(AY/.s (,1895) 19.
[I. 1. Wliat sliall I do the while? where bide.' how
live? Shaks. Cynib. in. iv. 131; For ire he quook, no
lenger wolde he byde, Ch.aucer C. T. 1576 ; Bot yeit he
baid seuen dais in rest, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 1907. 3.
Therfore shall a man leaue hys father and mother, and
byde by hys wyfe, Cranmer (1539) Mark x. 7. II. 1.
pe oile o tncrci most |)ou bide, Cursor M. 955. 2. Myche
baret shall jiou bide, Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 3483; That bide
the pelting of this pitiless storm, Shaks. A'. Lrar, in. iv.
29 ; There is no woman's sides Can bide the beating of so
strong a passion, Tn'i'lflh Nt. 11. iv. 97. OE. bidan (pt.
hiid. i)p. bidoii), to wait.]
BIDE-OWE, V. Obs. e.An. To suffer punishment (?).
[Ill .Sir 1 hos. Browne's list of words ' peculiar to the East
Angle countries,' and copied into later glossaries.]
Nrf. To bide owe, poenas dare, Ray (1691).
BIDGE, V. Wxf.' To buy.
[(Thei) cainen into Egipte that thei myjten bigge meetis
(to bie metis, 1388), Wyclif (1382) iieii. xli. 57; To
biggenn ... to sellenn, Orinulwii (c. 1200) 15825. OE.
bycgait, to buy ; cp. OS. buggjait.]
BIDING, prep. Yks. [bai'din.] Excepting, except ;
in spite of. Cf. bide, v. IL 1 and 2.
n. Yks. Commonly used by old dalesmen. ' In spite of is a more
mod. meaning. Ah'll marry t'lass biding all 'at comes (R.H.H.) ;
n.Yks.^ Biding all mishaps.
BIEENTER, sb. Sh.I. A continuance of cloudy
weather, always threatening, but never actually raining.
Sh.I. Applied rather to the cold, dry east winds in spring (J. J.).
S. & Crk.»
BIELD, sb. and v. Ingcu. dial, use throughout Sc. ; also
Nhb. Cum. Dur. Wm. Yks. Lan. Lin. Also written
beild Sc. Dur. Wm. n.Yks.'^ ne.Yks.' w.Yks.' ne.Lan.';
beeld N.Cy.'^ Nhb.i Cuin.^ n.Yks.' ne.Yks.' ne.Lan.'
n.Lin.'; beeald Wm.' ; biel, beil, beel Sc. [bfld, bll.]
1. sb. Shelter, refuge. Also transf. a house, any object
which shelters. Cf burrow, lewtli. Also used altrib.
Sc. A wee bush is better than nae bield, Ramsay Pivv. i 1737) ;
Thirty yonder . . . that ye have turned out o' their bits o' biclds,
Scott Guy M. (18151 viii ; Oppressors that hae driven me to tak
the heather bush for a beild, ib. Rob Roy (1817) xxv ; I wull saye
o' the Lord. He is my bield an' my fortriss, Riddell Ps. (1857)
xci. a ; Under the beild of a hillock, Stevenson Catrioiia (1892)
XXX. Abd. To Nory he was aye a tenty bield, Ross Helenore
(1768) 139. Frf. We've a weel plcnish'd beild, Laing IVayside
Firs. ^1846) 27. Ayr. Thy bield should be my bosom. Burns O werl
thou ; An aching arm soon made my bit bield loom o' plenishing,
Galt Sir A. IVylie (1822) xciii. Lnk. Beneath the south side
of a craigy bield, Ramsay Gentle Shep. (17251 17, ed. 1783. Edb.
Where he seemed to lie sheltered in the bield of peace and
privacy, MoiR Mansie IVauch (1828) 227. SIk. Gin 1 ever
forget my ain cosy bield, Chr. North Nodes (ed. 1856) IV. 63.
n.Cy. A high fence or skreen to defend cattle from y cold
(K.) ; And ruined found we byre and bield, Todd Ballads (1895)
29. Nlib.' ' The beeld side' of a house or fence. Beelds for sheep,
L^'c. , are common on the high moors. They are circular or cross
walls of earth or stone. Dur. ^K.) Cum. ^ Better a wee buss than
nae beild. Wm. The trees form a bield for the house (B.K.) ;
Wm.' Yks. These trees mak' a gran' biel at t'side o' t'road
(,F. P.T.). n,Yks.' ' It's a gay good bield when t'wind blaws fell,'
said of a very large and bushy holly growing in the fence of a field ;
n.Yks.^ A bit of a beild in a ficld-neuk [a hovel in a field-corner] ;
n.Yks.3, ne.Yks.' e.Yks. Marshall Rur. Econ. (1788) ; Now,
lads, let's gan ti bcal sahd ov hedge, Nicholson Flk-S/i. 1,1889) 5^ ;
e.Yks.' The beal-side of a stack or hedge. ra.Yks.' w.Yks. He's
navvther stock nor beild 1 S. K.C.I ; Ligsaaf ith bealdot'greenestling,
HowsoN Cur. Craven (1850) 116 ; w.Yks.' I'd gitten anent sheep
bield, ii. 296. ne.Lan.', n.Lin.'
2. V. To shelter, protect ; also, to take shelter.
Lnk. Weel she lo'ed the guid aul' carle That biel't her frae the
caulrife warl', Hamilton Poems (1865) 35. Lth. Birds are singin'
on the tree that beilds thy lanely grave. Smith Mcriy Bridal
(,18661 47; Scorns his limbs in brceks to bield, Ballantine Poems
( 18561 285. Slk. Ilk buss noo that bields us, Currie Poems (1883)
36. Cum.T'fox bielded i' Blaeberry Ghyll, Dalbv M ay royd {1880)
III. 189. Wm. T'hoose ligs varrasnug . . . an's weel beealt fraet'fell
wind. Spec. Dial. (1865) 3 ; Wra.' Yks. These are good gardens,
they're se nicely bielded (F.P.T. ).
Hence (i) Bielded, />/>/. adj. sheltered; (2) Bielding,
vbl. sb. shelter, protection ; (3) Bieldy, adj. snug, sheltered ;
affording shelter or warmth.
(r) Lnk. There lay Peggy snugly beilded frae the storm, Fraser
IVhaups (i8<)^) xii. (2) Sc. Nae bcilding can she borrow, Ramsay
Tia- Table Misc. (1724") 1. 190, ed. 1871. (3) It's a bieldy eneuch bit,
Scott /fawi/fy (1814) Lxiv. e.Lth. We were sittin doun on the
bieldy side o' the stooks, HuNTERy. /hjciH' (18951 1 1. Gall. There
is no reason why ... it should not be the bieldiest and happiest
of homes for us, Crockett Raiders (1894) xxxiv ; A place both
bieldy and heartsome, ib. Bog-Myrtle 1 1895) 190. Kcb. An' Spring
peeps cautious on the biely braes, Davidson Seasons [i-}8^ 176.
N.Cy.' Beeldy llanncl. Nljb.' A.i've gettin a bceldy place. n.Yks.''
A brave bieldy house. w.Yks. We'll sit d.ian an' hev' a reek o'
bacca as sooin as we come to a buikly spot (S.K.C.); (S.P.U.);
w.Yks.', ne.Lan.'
BIELD
[261]
BIG
3. ppl. adj. Sheltered.
Lth. Neat and bicld a cot-house stood, Macneill Pott. Wks. (1801)
129, cd. 1856.
[1. Beeld, shelter, Bailey (1721) ; This is ourbciId,the
blustring windes to shun, Fairfax Tosao (1600) Il.lxxxiv.
36; Y" beald, for wether, vnibnicttlum. Levins Maiiip.
(1570) ; Hecuba thidder, with hir childir, forbeild Ran all
in vane, Douglas ^"tWos (1513) cd. 1874, 11. 99. 2. To
beald, adiimbrare, protegere, Levins Manip.]
BIELD, see Bule.
BIEN, adj. and adv. In gen. use in Sc. Also written
bein, ben. [bin.]
1. Thriving, well-to-do.
Sc. Never fash your head about the changes o' the warld, sae
lanp as yc're bhthe and bien yoursell, ScoTT ISIk. Dmarf (j8i6) i ;
A bien man sail hardly gae intil the kingdom o' heaven, Henderson
S/. Mali. (1863) xix. 23 ; Who keeps us a' bien and comfortable.
Whitehead ZJa/C ZJawc (1876) 57, ed. 1894. ne.Sc. Bein'a bienan'
comely widow, short o' twa score. Grant Kecklclon, 10. Per. Gin
it be a bien man, tak' half o' what he offers, Ian Maclaren Brier
Bush (1895) 294. Ayr. She's in bien circumstance, Galt Entail
(1823) ii. Ltli. A bien man, but very blate, Strathesk B/mWoH/y
(ed. 1891) 159. GaU. To hear folk that are bien and cosy . . .
cryin' cot on them that's lying amang the hills, Crockett Raiders
(1894) xvii. n.Cy. Border Gl. {Coll. L.L.B.)
2. Snug, comfortable, cosy.
Sc. Provision in season makes a bien house, Ramsay Prov.
(1737) ; A cottage Fu' bein wi' aid warldly store, Jamieson Pop.
Ballads (i8o6j 293 ; For mony a bein nook in many a braw house
has been offered to my hinny Willie, Scorr Rcdg. (1824) x. Ayr.
Her house sae bien, her curch sae clean. Burns Lady Unlie; This
is an altered house; they are gane that keepit it bein, Galt .<4««a/s
(1821) xxiv; I grudge a wee the great-folk's gift That live sae bien
and snug. Burns Ep. lo Davie '1784) st. i. Lnk. Crofters ance
dwelt snug an' bien, Thomson Musings (1881) 7 ; Were your bien
rooms as thinly stoek'd as mine, Ramsay Gentle Shep. (1725) 21,
cd. 1783. Edb. The wife, that used to keep everything bien and
snug, MoiR Mansie ll^auch (1828J xxv. Gall. What a bien and
comfortable downsitting wad ye hae, Crockett Cleg Kelly V1896)
329.
Hence f i) Bien-like, adv. having an appearance of com-
fort and well-being; (2) Bienly, rtrfii. comfortably, cosily,
happily; (3) Bienness, sb. prosperity, comfort, the con-
dition of being well-to-do.
(I I Per. It wesyou. then, that sent hame the money fraeAmeriky,
an'set Margetan'him up bien like on their merridge, Ian Maclaren
.Uild Lang Sync 1,18951 '62. Dmf. Mayne Siller Gun (1808; 80.
(2 Rnf. Her house is bicnlie thackct, Picken Poems (1788) 155.
Kcb. Poor hairy-footed thing I undreaming thou . , . dost bienly
lie, Davidson Seasons (1789) 27. (31 Sc. During the dear years
an honest farmer had been reduced from beinncss to poverty,
Blackw. Mag. ^Oct. 1818) 329 (Jam.). Rnf. There's aye a bien-
ness an' content in corie hodden-grey, Neilson Poems {l&^^') 44.
[1. lie harbourit al his burgcssis rich and bene, Thrie
Pnests (c. 1548) 78 (N.E.D.). 2. Somer fowlis quhilkis
flics, als sone as hervist cummis, to sum bene hous or
secrete hoUis, Bellenden Lily (1533) ed. 1822, 401.]
BIER, V. Obs. ? n.Cy. Also written beer. To roar or
bellow. Cf beerin.
n.Cy. He biers like a bull {K.\
[Quhen thay had beirt lyk baitit bulls, Chrysts-kirk Cr.
(c. 1550) xxi,in Ramsay's Evergreen (1761) 13. The word
is also found as a sb. : And there I spied a lady fair.
Making a heavy bier . . . and a piteous meen, John of
Haze/green in Child's Pop. Dal. L\. 162.]
BIER-BALK, sb. Obs. Yks. e.An, Ken. A path in
a churchyard along which a bier and coffin may be
carried. "See Balk. Also called Bier-way.
n.Yks.2 Particularly the churchyard i)ath which leads from the
Lichgate to the church. Nrf. When the common lands at Alby
were enclosed much difficulty was experienced in stopping one
road, on account of its being an ancient bier-w.->y, A^. & Q, (,1851;
1st S. iv. 240. Ken.'
[Where their ancestors left of their land a broad and
sufficient bier-balk to carry the corpse to the Christian
sepulture, how men pinch at such bier-balks. Homilies
(1563) Rogation \Vk.]
BIERLY, sec Buirdly.
BIEST, sb. e.An. A wen-like protuberance on the
stem of a growing tree.
e.An.* Suf. Kainbird Agric, (1819) 289, ed. 1849; Suf.*
BIFF, sb. Yks. Lin. Also written beeaf Yks. [bif,
bif.J The bough of a tree.
n.Yks. J.W.), e.Yks.' Lin. Streatfeild Lin. and Danes (1884^
113. n.Lln.' Th' parson leant a stec agen a biff o' an appletrea an'
then saw'd it off.
[The same word as be ig/i, OE. bd/i. For ex. of OE.
final /( becoming/ sec Wndhtl. Gram. § 319.]
BIFFIN, sb. Yks. e.An. Dor. Written beefin Suf ;
beefun e.An.' [bi-fin, bifin.] A kind of large, rosy
winter apple, preserved by being dried in bakers' ovens,
and occas. pressed till it becomes soft and flat.
n.Yks. 2, e.An.' Nrf. Our chaaks are more like the Norfolk
biffins, and we doant want nobody to tell us. Spilling Molly
Miggs (lS^3) i ; Hrf.' Suf. (F.H.) Dor. 'And there's two bushel's
of biffins for apple-pies," said Maryann, Hardy Madding Crowd
(1874) xxii.
[Frost-bitten cheeks, as red as a beefen from her own
orchard, Godwin Caleb H-'illiams (1794) 63 (N.E.D.).
Dee/in repr. beefing, beef+ -ing, in ref to the red colour of
the apple.]
BIG, sb. Obs. ? Lan. Ess. Also written bigge Ess.'
A pap or teat.
Lan. Shadwell Witches (1682) ; Lan.' A teat, where the
' familiar ' was said to draw blood from the body of a witch. Eis.
Ray 11691); Bailey V172O; Gl. (1851); (,P.R.); Ess.'
[Bigge, a country- word for a pap, or teat, Phillips
(1706) ; Lamb, bulchin, and pig. Geld vndcr the big,
Tusser Husb. (1580) 74.]
BIG, adj. and adv. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Wm. Yks Lan. Chs.
Stf Not. Lin. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Lon. Nrf. Suf.
Hmp. Som. Cor. Aus. [big.]
1. adj. Of a river or water: swollen, in flood.
tf.Som.' Dhu waudr wuz tu baeg-— keod n goo Iau"ng [the
water was too much swollen, I could not go along — i. e. ford it].
[Aus. The creeks would be • big ' till midday, Vogan Bk. Police
(1890) XV.]
2. Great with young.
Wm. \B.K.) w.Yks. They said shoo'r big, but doctor said
'twor nought at all but cowld, Doyle Dolly's Gaon (1855) 18.
e.Lan.', Chs.», s.NoL (J.P.K.\ n.Lin.'
3. Of the wind : strong, violent.
n.Yks.' Aye. it's a varry big wind. e.Yks. Best Rur. Econ.
(1641 50. n Lin.' I ca'nt bear to be oot in a big wind.
4. adj. and adv. Proud, haughty, consequential, con-
ceited.
Elg. New hat, new brecks, an' something in them clinkin' — His
wife braw an' big, Tester Poems 1 1865) 139. Rn'. There's some
sae big they will not dig, Barr Poems (1861) 208. Edb. I was
ower big and ower vexed to hear her, Moir Mansie IVauch (1828)
viii. Nhb.' s.Chs.' Ey'z ver-i big in iz ybo kluo-uz [Hey's very
big in his yew (new) clooas]. Stf.^ He went abait as big as yo
pleasen. His fclther's bought 'im a new pair o' boots an f-i's as big
in cm as a little lord. Glo. 'E do talk big iA.B.\ Nrf. He'd go
walking past here as big as ye please, with his best clothes on.
Spilling Dais^ Dimple ^1885) 62. Som. W. & J. Gl. 1873).
w.Som.' U suyt tu baeg- vur-z kloa'uz [a deal too big for his
clothes].
5. PViendly, intimate, 'thick.'
Bnfr.,GalL vW.G.) Ant. In common local use. John an' mc's no
big. Smith and Brown are very big vW.J.K); (,S.A.B.); (W H.P.I
tf. In phr. (I ) big as a barn side, (2) — as a bam door, {3)
— as a btishel, very large ; (4) — as bidl beef, (5) — as S,
as proud as a peacock ; (6) — i" th' maith, given to
boasting; (7) to work on the big, to work on piecework ;
cf agreat.
n.Lin.' (i) She cot me a shive o' chease iv'rybitas big as a barn
side. (2 Faather's ma.ide a blotch up o' th' parlour floor as
big as a barn door. (3) Suf. i,F.H.) (4) Stf.* (,5) s.Chs.' (6)
Chs.' Vou may be sure a man as is big i' th' maith hasn't mitch in
him. (7) War. Often used WS.B. ; War.a
7. Camp. (1) Big-bee, a drone; (2) -bug, a consequen-
tial person ; (3) -coat, a top or great-coat ; (4) -end, the
greater part; (5) -felt, the fieldfare, Turdits pilaris; (6)
•house, the workhouse; (71 -mavis, the missel thrush,
Turdus viscivorus ; (8) -miss, a great loss ; (9) -niece, the
BIG
[262]
BIGGER
daughter of a nephew or niece ; (10) -road, the high road ;
(II) -sorted, proud, stuck-up ; (12) -throat, a goitre.
(i) Hmp. (J.R.W. 1 ; Heath Eng. Peasant (18931 138; Hrap.i
(2) Nhb.i (3) Abd. I busked in my double blues, big coat, an a'
that. Beat-ties Parings iiSoi) 2, ed. 1873. Ayr. I put on my big-
coat and walked to the kirkyard, Galt Provost (1822) xxiv. (4)
Suf.i The big-ind of an hour. (5) Ir. Swainson Birds (1885^ 5.
(,6) w.Yks. But him 'at's as poor as a mahse, ... He raun point his
noas up to th' big hahse. Hartley Dilt. (1868) 13 ; Leeds Merc.
Suppt. (Oct. 3, 1891). Lon. As long as they kept out of the ' big
house' she would not complain, Mayhew Land. Labour (1851)
1.48. Cor.3 (7) e.Lth. Swainson B/;rfs (18851 2. (8) Stf., War.,
Wor. He'll be a big miss when he's gone (H.K.). (9, 10) Cot?
(11) Shr.i 'E's as big-sorted as ess. Hrf.^ (12) Clis.l
8. In plant-names : (i) Big Buttercup, Caltha palusiris,
marsh marigold (Som.) ; (2) — Daisy, id. (e.Ylcs.)
[2. His gentle lady. Big of this gentleman, Shaks.
Cymb. I. i. 39. 3. If the wind be big or tempestuous,
Burton ^«a/. Mel. (1621) ed. 1896, II. 75; The redder the
rainbow appeareth, even so much the bigger doth the
winde ensue, Hyll Weather (1574) vii (N.E.D.). 4. Nay,
look not big, nor stamp, nor stare, nor fret, Shaks. T.
Shreiv, III. ii. 230 ]
BIG, v} Wor. Glo. [big.] To make big, to magnify.
s.Wor.i E's a good un to big isself. Glo.*
BIG, v?^ Obsol. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Also written bigg Sc. ; byg Nhb.' [big.]
1. To build.
Sc. Rome was not a' bigged in ae day, Ramsay Prov. (1737") ;
They could a' link out their fifty pounds owerhead to bigga hottle,
Scott S<.i?o«n;!(T824Wi. Sh.I. Strong an ticht we bigg wirhooses,
Burgess Rasmie (1892) 66. S. & Ork.* Abd. Gin's fowk be
willin' to big the manse, Alexander Johnny Gibb (1871") xli. Fif.
It's easier to bigg twa chimlies than keep twa in coals, M*^Laren
Tibbie (1894) 97. Ayr. Some spiteful muirfowl bigs her nest.
Burns Tam Samson (1787) st. 13 ; Two or three carts of stones
to big a dyke round the new steading, Galt Provost (1822^ xv.
e.Lth. The doo that bigs her nest in the hole o' the rock, Hunter
J. Jnivick (1895) 126. Slk. That wee, cosy cradle was bigged there
by the hand o' Him that hung thesun,CHR. North A'ocfes (ed. 1856)
ni. 3. Gall. So I biggit me this bit house, Crockett Moss-Hags
(1895) xxxi. N.I.* Come and see Billy biggin. n.Cy. (K.); N.Cy.'^,
Nhb.i Cum. Obs. (M. P.) ; The grass green common bigg'd on,
Stagg Misc. Poems (1805) 136, ed. 1807 ; Gl. (1851). Wm. Ithes
girt thick woes es far throo es three er fewer et meeast a thor et
fooak big noo-a daes. Spec. Dial. (1880) pt. ii. i ; Thear wur
woaars biggin a girt grand hause, Wheeler Dial. (1790) 75 ; Wm.'
n.Yks.l He's biggin' his-seV a gran' new hoos' ; n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.*
Obs. ra.Yks.i w.Yks. (S K.C.^I; Aw bigged it, let me tell tha,
Snowden Talcs Wolds (1893) vii; w.Yks.' Lan. Davies Paces
(1856) 270; Yo'n never big another heawse like that, Waugh
Stctclies (i8s$) gg ; Lan.' Then they bigged yon new barn upo'
th' knowe, ib. (ed. 1869) 205. e.Lan,'
Hence (i) Bigger, sb. a builder ; (2) Bigging, the act of
building ; (3) Biggit, ppl. adj. built.
(i)Sc. Thestane whilkthe biggers rejeckit, Henderson S/. Ma/t.
(1862) xxi. 42. Abd. Still used (W.M.). (2) Sc. I mind the bigg-
ing o't, ScoTT Antiquary (1816) iv. Abd. The biggin o' a score o'
hooses wud be a mere trifle, Alexander yo/;")y Gibb (1871) xvi.
Cum.l (3) Sc. Them that is bred in biggit wa's for naething but
to bind bairns' heads, Scott Gity M. (1815) xlvii. Abd. Well fell's
us 'at's in biggit bouns [built walls] ; I pity them 'al's far frae towns,
Beatiies Parings (1813) 34, ed. 1873. Ayr. There never was
a droller-like creature seen entering a biggit land, GaltSjV..^.
liyiie (1822) X. e.Ltb. A muckle, weel-biggithoose it was, Hunter
J. In wick {1895) 158.
2. With prep, up: to confirm or support in an opinion;
to devote oneself constantly to a person or idea.
Inv. Occas. heard (H.E.F.). Bnff.l He's sae muckle biggit up
in's ain opingin. He's sae sair biggit up in 'ir it he canna see day-
licht till 'ir. A'body biggit up the silly loon it he wid get siller
gehn he howkit i' the fairy hillock. Ya needna big 'im up wee
the tliocht o' gettin' awa. Abd. They're terrible biggit up in that
opingon (W.M.).
3. With prep, round or upon : to surround, fall upon,
attack. Abd. (Jam.)
[Byggyn or bildyn, edifico, Prompt.; pe bemes of my
brighthede are bygged with jie bcstc, York Plays (c. 1400) 4.
ON. byggja, to inhabit, to build.]
BIGAROO, sb. Ken. [bigaru.] The large white
heart cherry. Also called Bigaroon.
Ken. (H.M.); (P.M.) ; (W.F.S.); Ken.'
[Morocco cherry, the Egriot, Bigarreaux, <fec., Evelyn
Kal. Horteiise (1699) ^8; The backward cherries or
Bigarros, ib. (1693) I. 73. Fr. bigarreaii : Bigarreaiis, a kind
of cherries, which be half white, half red (Cotgr.).
The form bigaroon is due to Prov. bigarromio (Piat).]
BIGD, sb. Sh.I. A building, a house.
Sh.I. Used for fishing-lodges, or stone huts in which fishermen
live during summer. Also applied familiarly to a large, fine house
(J.J). S. & Ork.i
[ON. bygS, residence, abode ; inhabited land ; cp. bua, to
live, dwell. Norw. dial, bygd, a small inhabited district
(Aasen).]
BIGG, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Der. Nrf.
Suf. Also written big (Jam.) Cum. Wm.' n.Yks.^ w.Yks.'
Der.' Nrf ; byg Wm.' ; bygg Nhb. [big.]
1. A coarse kind of barley, with four rows on each head.
See Bear, sb.'^
Or.I. The vegetable productions are big, a small species of barley,
of which meal and malt are made. Statist. Ace, V. 407. Dmf. Bear
or big is sown from the beginning to the 20th of May, ib. IV. 460
(Jam.). n.Cy. (K.); N.Cy.' Nlib. Beer, Bigg, or four-rowed Barley,
used to be the only species of barley cultivated in the county,
Marshall Reviciv {^i8o8\ I. 77 ; Otes, bygg, botchery and whete,
Richardson Borderer's Table-bk. (1846) VI. 147 ; Nhb.' The word
survives in the street name of Bigg iVIarket, in Newcastle. Cum.
White shows the rye, the big of blaker hue, Relph Misc. Poems
(1747)13; G/. (1851). Wm. Haver, and a species of barley, called
bere or bigg, were the only grains it produced, Lonsdale Mag.
(1822) III. 324 ; (A.T.) ; They swallow land nags as hens dus big,
BorrowdaleLett. (17871 ; Wm.' n.Yks.(W.H.) ; n.Yks.'^, ne.Yks.'
w.Yks. Hutton Tour to Caves {1181)] (J.T.); w.Yks.', Lan.', Der.',
e.An.', Nrf.' Suf. YiAmsmo Agrie. (1819) 289, ed. 1849.
2. Camp, (i) Bigg-awns, beards of barley; (2) -bread,
barley bread ; (3) -malt, barley malt ; (4) -meal, barley
meal.
(i)Cum. (M.P.) (2^ Wm. Bigg-bread dipt in collop fat (B.K.). (3)
Nhb.' Good Big-malt is to be Sold, at 2s. bd. per Bushell, by Robert
Sorsbie, Newc, Advt. in Newc. Couraiit (Aug- 29, 1713). (4) Cum.
Still occas. spoken of, esp. in reference to the favourite remedy for
inflammation, 'a bigg-meal poultice' (M.P.) ; N. (S/g. (1873) 4th S.
xii. 402.
[Hordeum Polystichiim vernitin is called of our English
Northerne people. Big, and Big Barley, Gerarde Herb.
(ed. 1633) 71 ; Bigge, corne, hordeum quadratum. Levins
Manip. (1570). ON. bygg, also Norw. dial., see Aasen.]
BIGGADIKE, sb. Yks. A navvy, ditch-delver,
drainer. Cf. big, v?
n.Yks. Obs. (T.S ) ; n.Yks.2 Only once heard.
BIGGEN, V. Nhb. Yks. Chs. Lin. Suf [bigan.]
1. To grow big, to increase in size.
s.Chs.' Said especially of a pregnant woman. n.Lin.' Tonups
is bigennin' fast wi' this raain. Suf. In common use (^F.H.).
2. 7-efl. To give oneself airs.
s.Chs.' Ey bignz imseliip, dii)nut ey ? [Heybiggens himsel up,
dunnot hey V\
3. To recover strength after lying-in.
N.Cy.', Nhb.i w.Yks. WiLLAN List^Wds. (181 1).
Hence Biggening, vbl. sb. the recovery of a woman
after confinement.
n.Cy. (K.); N.Cy. * I wish you a good biggening. Nhb.', Chs.'^^
[1. All waters biggen the further they run. Blithe
Eiig. Improv. (1649) 53 (N.E.D.). 3. Biggening, up-rising
of women, Coles (1677). Big, adj. -l-c«, cp. thicken.]
BIGGER,!^.' Yks. To increase in size, grow' bigger.'
Ct. big, adj.
n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.* ' It biggers on't,' the building increases.
m.Yks.i
BIGGER, t;.2 Yks. [bi'gar.]
1. To build. Cf. big, v.'^
n.Yks. Thah neck is like the tooro' David, bigger'd foran armery,
Robinson li'lutby Sng. Sol. (18601 iv. 4 ; n.'Yks.^
2. Comp. Biggerstangs, scaffolding poles for building.
n.Yks.2 They're boun te bigger't ageean, they've gitten t'bigger-
stangs sledded [drawn to the spot].
BIGGEST
[263]
BIKE
BIGGEST, adj. Not. Lin. Oxf. Sur.
1. Of number or quantity : tlie greatest, most.
n.Lln.^ The biggest part o' them men c' Parliament knaws no
moore aboot farmin' consarns then a swalla' knaws aboot snaw-
blasts. Oxf.i These be the biggist part on um, MS. add. Sur.'
I was there the biggest part of the day.
2. Used as an augmentative with superlatives ex-
pressing contempt, disgust, and the like.
s.Not. There was some o' the biggest fowert things theer yer
iver seed (J.P.K.).
BIGGIN, s6.> Nhp. War. Cor. Written biggan Cor.= ;
biggen Nhp.' [bi'gin.] A child's cap; a nightcap
without a border.
Nhp.' War. Wise Shakespere (1861) 151. Cor. Randigal
7?//v<>;« (1895) G/. ; CoT.'^ MS. add.; Cor.3 ['From the biggen
to the night cap,' i. e. from childhood to old age (K.i.]
[Beguiii, a biggin for a child (Cotgr.) ; As he whose
brow with homely biggen bound, Shaks. 2 Hen. IV, iv. v.
27. OF. begiiin, a coif tied under the chin, worn by the
begiiines, members of lay sisterhoods in the Low
Countries (Hatzfeld).]
BIGGIN, s6.* Obs. Der.^ An afternoon meal. See
Bagging, sb.
BIGGIN(G, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Also written biggen N.Cy.' ; biggin Sc. N.I.' Nhb." Wm.
& Cum.i Wm.' n.Yks.'2 ne.Yks.' w.Yks.' Lan.» e.Lan.'
[bi-gin.]
1. A building, house, cottage ; a hut covered with mud
or turf Cf. big, v.'^
Sc. You are . . . the lad that will build up the auld biggin again,
Scott Blk. Dzc'fJtf{iSi6) iii ; Parting frae the auld bigging whare
I hae dwelt sae lang, ib. Rob Roy (1817) xviii. Sli.I. He's a ful 'at
maks a biggin . . . Tinkin it can staand for ever, Burgess Rasmie
( 1892) 68. Abd. See yon tidy little biggin', Wi' its windows clear
as day, Ocg Willie U'nly (18731 55' Ayr. Some auld houlet-
haunted biggin. Burns On Capt. Grose. Lnk. O, weel, weel I like
the bit wee thackit biggin', Thomson Musings 11881) 5. Slk.
I was born, as Burns says, in an ' auld clay biggin,' Chr. North
Nodes (ed. 1856', HI. 87. N.I.', N Cy.', Nhb.' Cum. Sing hey for
a snug clay-biggin, Anderson Bn//rt(/i- ^i8o8) 29, cd. 1840; (J.Ar.);
(7/. I i85r\ Wm.&Cum.' Abouther crazybiggin Rwoard the hollow
whurlblast keen, 150. Wra. Run up streight toth top oth biggin,
Wheeler Dial. U79o) 75; Wm.', n.Yks.'^ ne.Yks.' Obs.
w.Yks. About to fall asleep wi' the length of the sermon and the
heat of the biggin', Bronte Shirley (1849^ xxx ; Towards the high
wall of a rough biggin, Snowden Tales IVolds 1,18931 i ; (C.A.F.) ;
W11.1.AN L:st IVds. i^i8ii~i ; w.Yks.'* Lan.But the biggins we big
last till doomus-day, RoBY Trad. (1872") II. 125 ; (K.) ; When he
luid finished his biggin, . , . he set up the loom, Brierley Waver-
low i 18631 53, ed. 1884 ; Lan.' Th' orchart's gwon ; ... nobbut
a twothre afs laft o'eranent this biggin, Waugh Stck/ies {,1859)
205. e.Lan.'
2. A built-up pillar of stone for support to the roof, in
a mine. Nhb.'
[1. Biggin or Bigging. In the Northern parts is used
for a fair house or gentlemans seat, Blount (1681) ;
Byggynge . . . cdifittKni, Prompt. ; To se bigginges and
fair tunes, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 23453. Icel. byggtng,
buildings or houses (Vigfusson).]
BIGGLE, V. Cum. [bigl.] To blindfold.
Cum. T'bull sud be biggelt, Dickinson Ciimhr. 1 1876^ 252 ; Cum.'
Hence Biggly, sb. the game of blind man's butt".
Cum.' When the boy is blindfolded, another turns him gently
round and says, * Antony blindman kens ta me. sen I bought butter
and cheese o' thee ? I ga' tha my pot, I ga' tha my pan, I ga' tha
o' I bed but a rap ho'penny I gave a poor oald man.
[Perh. the same word as Fr. bigler, to look askew
(Hatzfeldi.]
BIGGONET(S, sb. Sc. A linen cap or coif
Sc. The queen tore her biggonets for perfect anger, Scott Mid-
lothian (1818J xxiv; The young gudewife, strong in the charms of
her Sunday gown and biggonets, ib. Bride 0/ Lam. (18191 xiii ;
Gie to me my bigonet, My bishop's satin gown, Mickle There^s
rtae Luck. Rnf. He brings me hamc a bigonet, Allan Poems
(1836) 121. Lnk. Good humour and white bigoncts shall be
Guards to my face to keep his love for me, Ramsay Gentle Shep.
(1725) 37, ed. 1783.
[Biggin, sb.' + -et, dim. suff.]
BIGHES, sb. pi. e.An.' Jewels, ornaments.
BIGHT, si. Sc. Yks.Chs. Also written bought Chs.*^;
height Chs. ; bicht Sc.
1. A bend, csp. a curve in the animal or human body.
Chs. (K.); (P.R.); Ray (.1691 ; Chs.' The bight of the elbow ;
Chs.3
2. Anything folded or doubled, esp. the loop in a rope.
Sh.I. A bucht or bicht is a certain measure of the length of a coil
of fishing-line (J.J.I. Abd.(W.M.i,Lth. Jam. ,n.Yks.2 CUs.';Chs.«
A bought of paper, a sheet of paper; Chs.^ fAddingat each end
two or three bights of twine, Lowson Mod. Fairier (1844) 195.]
3. A bay, creek ; a projection in a river.
SU.I. Dy loch is fu o boanic biclits, BuRGESS Rasmie (1891) 73.
Abd. (,W.M.), N.Cy.', CUs.'3
[1. Bight of a horse is the inward bent of the chambrel,
also the bent ot the knees in the fore-legs. Kersey
(1715) ; pe byjt of fie fiyjes, Cawayne (c. 1360) 1349. 2.
A bight, circiilus riidciitis in orbem convoluti, Coles
(1679). 3. Bight is a small bay between two points of
land. Falconer Diet. Marine (1769). OE. bylit, a bend,
conn. w. bugan, to bow, to bend.]
BIGHTER, sb. Sh.L The stone attached to fishing
lines to keep them down under water.
Sh.I. In common use i,K.I \ S. & Ork.'
BIGHTSOM, adj. Sc. Light, active.
n.Sc. She gies her clouk a bightsom bow. Up fly the knots of
yellow hue, MoRisoN Poems 1,1790. ni (Jam.).
[Prop, flexible, pliant. Bight, sh. + -some. Cp. bn.xont
(ME. bii/tsimi).]
BIGLY, adj Obs. Sc. [bi-gli.] Pleasant, delightful,
commodious.
Sc. And as he neared her bigly bower, The fainer ay he grew,
Jamieson Pop. Ballads (1806) I. 198. Slk. She has ta'en her to
her bigly hour As fast as she could fare, Scott Minstrelsy (1802)
II. II (Jam.").
[To byggly blys we bothe wer brought, York Plays fc.
1400) 30. Prop, habitable, fit or pleasant to dwell in.
Big, vh.^ + -/y.]
BIGNESS, sb. Yks. War. Hrt. Som. [bi-gnss.] Size,
extent, bulk.
n.Yks.2 Neea great sets o' bigness. War.^ It aint much of
a bigness. Hrt. A small proportionable dwindling bigness, Ellis
Mod. Hiisb. (1750) I. i. w.Som.' 1 Ion I zeed it fust, twadn on'y the
bigness [baeg-nees] of a pin's 'cad. Bout the bigness of a good
big turmut.
BIGOTED, adj. w.Yks.* Stupid, self-willed (without
reference to any religious intolerance).
BIGOTTY, sb. and adj. Nrf Suf Som. Amer. Also
written begotty Som. ; bigety w.Som.'
1. adj. Bumptious, overbearing, self-willed. Cf bigoted.
e.An.' Suf. A'. (&■ Q. (1874) 5th S. ii. 326. Som. W. 6c J. C/.
(1873I; In full use(W.P.W.). w.Som.' Nothing suggestive of
religious intolerance is implied. Maayn bcg'utce luyk, id-n ur ?
[very bumptious (like), is he not ?] (U.S.A. Dial. Notes ^18^5) 384.]
2. sb. Pride, conceit, haughtiness.
w.Nrf. He is that proud and full of bigoty he wouldn't axe for
nothin', Orton Beeston Ghost 1,1884') 14.
[I. Der. of fit. E. bigot with adj. suff. -y. 2. The sb. is
prob. due to a contam. of lit. E. bigotry with the adj.
bigotlv.]
BIG OX-EYE, sb. Sc. The great titmouse, Panis
major.
Frf., e.Lth., Rxb. Swainson Birds (^1885! 32.
BIGSIE, adj. and adv. Sc. Rather large ; proud, con-
ceited ; gen. used contemptuously.
Abd. He's a bigsiebody. The bantam's a bigsie crater (G.W.) ;
The bigsie craitur gaed ben the kirk, wi's heid i' the air (W.M.) ;
Ye needna be sae bigsie in yer wyes (G.W.).
[Biggis/i + -ie, dim. suff.]
BIJEN, int. Win. Yks. Lan. Truly ; an exclamation
of surprise.
Wm. Bijen ! That nag can trot! (B.K.) w.Yks. ////jr. IVds.;
w.Yks.'. ne.Lan.'
BIKE, sb.'- Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dun Wm. Yks. Also
written beik (Jam.) ; byke (Jam.) Nhb.' [baik ]
1. A nest of wild bees, wasps, &c. ; a nestful of bees,
a swarm.
BIKE
[264]
BILF
Sc. Folly to have stuck my head into such a byke of wasps,
Stevenson Calitona (1892) x. Abd. Like bumbles in a byke,
Giiidman higlismaiU (1873) 47, ed. 1875. Per. Ye shouldna say
the hinnie's good Afore ye tak' the bike, Nicoll Poems (1837 298,
ed. 1843; The factor lies stirred a wasps'-byke when he meddled
wi' Drumtochty, Ian Maclaren Atild Lang Syne (1895) 37.
Ayr. As bees bizz out wi' angry fyke When plundering herds
assail their byke. Burns Tarn o' Shanter{iTjd); I hae seen the
folks sitting in the balks of the kirk like bykes o' bees, A^. & Q.
(1873'! 4th S. xii. 307. Slk. He's comin here wi" the haill bike
about his head, Chr. North A'oi7fs(.ed. 18561 III. 21. Gall. There's
byk ,. ...
(K.), Wm.i, n.Yks.i ne.Yks.^ Ah's funnd yan o' them beebikes.
2. Fig. A nest, habitation, building.
Sc. As a' belongin' to ae fause-made byke, Allan Lil/s (1874)
77 ; For nocht but a house-wife was wantin' To plenish his vveel-
fog'git byke, Jamieson Pop. Ballads (1806) I. 293. Fif. The bonny
cosy byke, whair he Had cuddlit mony a centurie, Tenhaut Papistry
(1827)3.
3. Fig. A gathering, assembly of people ; also in phr.
to scale the bike, to disperse an assembly.
Sc. A bike o' the maist lawless, unchristian limmers, Scott Rob
Roy (1817) xxvi ; This busy byke of a city, Stevenson Calriona
(1892') xxiii. Ayr. The glowran byke, Frae town to town I draw
that, QuRtis Jolly Beggars {l^i=,) St. 49; There was na a blither
bike o' drouthy neibours in a' the shire, Galt Lairds (1826) iii.
Lnk. Let the greedy bike Stockjob the warld amang them as they like,
Ramsay fFoc/ts (1800) II. 321 (Jam.) ; They [the Radicals] would,
to use a favourite phrase, 'skale the bike,' Hamilton /Vfwis (1865")
239. Gall. Disturbing a conventicle—' skailing a bees' byke,' as it
was called, Crockett Moss-Hags (1895) xx. Nhb. Deil scale the
byke frae Redless Syke, Coquet Dale Sngs. (1852) 109.
4. Fig. A windfall, an unexpected good fortune.
Twd. He has gotten, or fund, a gude bike (Jam.).
5. Obs. } A building for the storing of grain.
Cai. The corn is thrashed out and preserved in the chaff in
bykes, which are stacks in shape of bee-hives, Pennant Tour
(1769) 157 (Jam.). ^„ . r^
[1. Ane tod was ouirset with ane bike of fleis, Bellenden
Boece (1533) ed. 1821, II. 271 ; Wormes shalle in you
brede as bees dos in the byke, Towtteley Myst. (c. 1460)
325; Hir luue sco haldes lele ilike, pat suetter es Jian
hony o bike. Cursor- M. (c. 1300) 76.]
BIKE, sb.^ Sc. Also written byke (Jam.) Bnflf." The
hook of the crook by which cooking vessels are sus-
pended over the fire.
Bnff.', w.Sc. (Jam.)
BIKE, V. Sc. Also written byke. [baik.] To
swarm like bees ; also Jig. to gather, assemble, crowd.
Cf. bike, sb}
Sc. The lads about me biket, A. Scott Poems (1805) 16 (Jam.).
Abd. Bees first pair'd afore they byket Or gather'd honey, Shirrefs
Poems (1790) 358. Kcd. Saw ye e'er in sunny August Bees to
bloomin' heather byke ' Grant Lays (1884) 70.
Hence Byking, vbl. sb. a hive, a swarm.
Slk. We haena cheer for oursels, let abe for a byking o' English
lords and squires, Hogg Perils of Man (1822) I. 57 (Jam.^.
BILBERRY, sb. Yks. Chs. Der. Lin. Lei. Won Shr.
Hrf Also in form bilber Yks. [bi-lbari.] Vacciniiim
viyiiillits. Known also as Blaeberry, Whortleberry,
Wimberry, q.v.
w.Yks.Gctherin facts in a hurry is like getherin bilber in a hurry,
Hartley Clock Aim. (1876) 23 ; Sandwitches wor as plentiful as
bilbers on a moor, ib. (1879) 30 ; w.Yks.3, Chs.i2^ Der.>2, nw.Der.',
r.e.Wor. (J.W.P.^, Shr.', Hrf.'2
[ Wortle berries called in En gland worts, whortle berries,
blacke-berries, bill-berries, and bull-berries, and in some
places win-berries, Gerarde Herb. (ed. 1633) T417. With
the form bilber cp. Da. bi^lle-bcer, ' vaccinium uliginosum.']
BILBIE, sb. Sc. Shelter, residence.
Ags. (Jam.) Frf. She's auld wecht, and may find bilbie in queer
places, Barrie Minister (i8gj) viii.
BILBO-CATCH, sb. Nrf Sus. Also written bibler-
catch Sus.'=; bilver -ketch Nrf. The game of cup and
balL
Nrf.i Hone Year-bk. (1832) 1297; Grose (1790) MS. add.
S>us.'2
[Bilbocatch at which George is indefatigable, Jane
Austen Lett. (1808) ed. 1884, 11. 26 (N.E.D.) ; Bilboquets,
battledores and shuttlecocks, Edgevvorth Good French
Governess (1801) 109 (Stanford) ; To set up the noble
game of bilboquet, Walpole Lett. (1743) ed. 1834, I. 253.
Fr. bilboquet, the plaything 'cup and ball,' in Rabelais
I. 22 bille boucquet ; cp. Cotgr. (s.v. Bi/leboquet).]
BILBOES, sb. pi. Ken. Sur. A wooden frame-
work by which a cow's head is secured at milking-time.
Ken. (P.M.); (W.F.S.) Sur.i
[In lit. E. the word occurs in sense of shackles attached
to bars of iron. I lay Worse than the mutines in the
bilboes, Shaks. Hamlet, v. ii. 6.]
BILCH, sb. Sc. Also written bilsh, belch, bailch, q.v.
1. A fat, lusty person or animal.
s.Sc. I was but a little bilsh o' a callan then, Blacktv. Mag. (Mar.
1823) 316. Wgt. A short belsh o' a beast (A.W.).
Hence Bilshie, adj. short, plump, thriving. Slk. (Jam.)
2. Phr. a bitrsen belch, one who is breathless from cor-
pulence. 3. A monster. 4. A brat ; a contemptuous
name for a child. 5. A little, crooked, insignificant person.
Slk. (Jam.)
BILCH, V. Rxb. (Jam.) To limp, to halt. Hence
Bilcher, sb. one who halts. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.]
BILCOCK, sb. n.Cy. (i) The moorhen, Callimila
chloropus ; also called Bilter. (2) The water-rail, Ralltis
aquaticus.
n.Cy. (I) SwAiNsoN Birds (1885) 178. (a) ib. 176. [Forster
Swallows (1817) 89; Morris Hist. Brit. Birds (1857).]
BILDER, sb} and v. Nhb. Yks. [bildalr).]
1. sb. A wooden mallet with long handle, used lor
breaking clods.
N.Cy.i, Nhb.', w.Yks.^
2. V. To level ground by breaking the clods.
n.Yks.* Used in expression ' to bilder and bray.' w.Yks. Yks,
N. & Q. (18881 II. 15 ; w.Yks.*
Hence (i) Bildard, sb. one who understands tillage;
(2) Bildering, vbl. sb. levelling the ground, breaking the
clods.
(i) n.Yks.' f2> w.Yks. Watson Hist. Hlfx. (1775) 534.
3. To work hard.
n.Yks. Bilderin' and working ov a yat summer day. He bilders
and works (I.W.).
BILDER, sZ>.* Frf. (Jam.) A scab. [Not known to
our correspondents.]
BILDER(S, sb. Also written belder, beller, biller(s,
buUers, bylderse.An.^ (1) Of/;r7;i//;(-fraca/a, water drop-
wort (I.W. Dev. Cor.); (21 Hcraclcum sphondylium,
common cow-parsnip (Som. Dev. Cor.); (3) Nasturtium
officinale, watercress (Irel. e.An.) ; {^) Hclosciadiuin nodi-
Jlontm, cress (Dev.) ; (5) The flowers of any umbelliferous
plants, as chevril, cow-parsley, 'hog-nut, iS:c. (w.Som.
Dev.)
(i) I.W. (C.J. v.), I.W.i, Cor.l (2) w.Som.l Dev. N. & O.
(1877) 5th. S. viii. 166; Dev.* Clear them billers out o' the vill,
an' put 'em in a hape to burn. nw.Dev.', Cor.12 (3) N.I.', e.An.',
Nrf.i (5) Dev."
[Lauer. . . . Some call it belders or bell-ragges, some
yealow water cresses. Cooper (1565). Prob. a Celtic
word. Cp. Gael. foo/n/V?, water-cresses ; \r. biotar, 0\r.
biror, Wei. berwr, Cornish beler, Bret, belcr. With the
Celtic words we may compare Lat. berula, whence Fr. berlc,
Sp. be'rro. See Macbain, also Alphita (s.v. Berula) 21.]
BILDERING, ppl. adj. Yks. [bildarin.] See Bilder.
Lumbering, clumsy. n.Yks. (I.W.)
BILDERT, adj. Obs. n.Cy. A term of contempt.
[Not known to our correspondents.]
N.Cy.i Ye little bildert. Nhb. Obs. (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.'
BILE, sb. Nrf Also written byle. A semi-circular
wooden hoop at the end of a scythe.
Nrf. (H.T.C.-H.)
BILF, sb.^ Sc. (Jam.) A depreciatory expression.
See Bilch.
Edb. Nursen' thae muckle bilfs o' kytes o' yours, St. Patrick
(1819) III. 265.
BILF
[265]
BILLY
BILF, sb.' Ayr. Lan. (Jam.) A blunt stroke, a hit.
BILGET, sb. n.Sc. A wooden projection for the
support ot a shelf, iS:c.
11. Sc. A piece of wood built into walls at doors on which to nail
the door-standards, or posts to which the doors are hinged (W.G.).
Abd. (Jam.-)
BILIMENTS, sA. />/. Obs. Suf.' Clothing, habiliments.
[Not known to our correspondents.]
[She hadd billnnients worth a hundred pound, Young
Aiidreiv, 17, in Child's P.D. II. 433; Doiiot, a jewel or
pretty trinket, as a chain, billeinent, &c., wherewith
a woman sets out her apparel or decks herself, Cotgr.
OFr. hahUkment, Ce qui sert a habiller (Hatzfeld).]
BILK, sb. and v. Yks. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Hrt.
Lon. Slang, [bilk ]
1. sb. A cheat, one who cheats.
. War.3 Cant. I have had to let eight men through the gate and
not a pennyfrom any —what a bilk ! LYrroN I'aiUCIifftiyd 1848 222.
2. i>. To cheat, to refuse to pay ; to frustrate, dis-
appoint.
w.Yks.^ Not^ He owed me iver so much, but he bilked me.
nLin.' Lei.' Prcl. and />/>. bilk. Nhp. But hang all sorrows, now
111 bilk 'cm, Clake Pof;»s (1820 90. War.^^, Hrt. ' H.G.) Lon.
I've been bilked by the prigs, JlAViirw Loud. Labour [ 1851) \. 181.
Hence Bilker, sb. one who hires a hackney carriage and
slips oflf without paj'ing.
[67. Lab. (1894 .1
3. A term in cribbagc.
[A man is said to be bilkt at cribbels when he gets nothing, can
make never a game, Ray (1691 .]
■ [2. To bilk, to disappoint or deceive ; to gull, or bubble,
Phillips (1706); Beleiving the persons therein would
bilk the coachman, Luttrlll Briif lie!. (1692J ed. 1857,
11.4i2(N.E.D.).]
BILKIE, sb. S. & Ork.i Gristle, cartilage.
BILL, sb.^ Irel. The puffin, Fratcrcuta arctica.
Glw. SwAiNSON Bixls (,188s ■) 219.
BILL, si.2 and t».' Nhb. Lin. Nhp. War. Shr. Amer.
[bil.j
1. sb. A bank note.
sw.Lin.l I haven't any gold, I've no-but a bill. Nlip.^, War.^
Shr.' I hanna got no cash. Maester, nuthin' but a bill. Sometimes
the term Bank-bill is used for the same thing. [U.S.A. He said he
had nothing but ' bills' about him . . . and he produced a roll of
Bank of England notes \ N. & O. V1890; 7th S. i-\. 33.]
2. The pit pay-sheet.
Nhb. Eight or a dozen men's earnings arc put into one bill, as
tliey c.ill it, WiLso.x Pitman's Pay ! 1843 '8 ; Nhb.'
3. Coinp. Bill-day, the day on which the viewer examines
the colliery account. Nhb.^
4. IK To insert in the pay-sheet.
Nhb. Then comes the care To find that all is rightly bill'd, Wilson
Pitiiiatis Pav (.1843^ pt. i. St. 7. | 67. Lab. ( 1894 ). |
BILL, i'> Obs. ? Cum. Yks. To work hard. Hence
Billing, vb/. sb. in phr. to bide biHiiig at, to require, bear
working at. [Not known to our correspondents.]
- Cum. Grose (1790). Yks. (K.) n.Yks. It will bide us billing
at, Meriton Praise Ale ('l684^ 1. 106. m.Yks.' Billing at it.
BILLARD, sb. Obs. Sus. An imperfect capon.
Sus. Ray ^1691) ; (K.) ; Grose ;i7go\ [\Vurlidqe Diet. Riisti:
Ci68i).l
BILL-BLO. sb. Lnk. A bull.
Lnk. D'ye think that our bill-blo Cares an ait-str.iw if ye hae
faith or no? Black /rtZ/i C/v^t^( 1806"; 133. Bio is an usual addition
to the word bill [bull], Aittlior's note, 215.
[5/7/ is the common Sc. form of bit/l. As yell's the Bill,
Burns AM. to Deil, 10.]
BILL-BRIGHTER, sb. Slang. In Winch. School:
a small faggot for lighting fires.
Slang.AD,\Bi5;r'v/i-.7;«);;/;« 1878)417: CopeG/. (1883") ; (A.D.H.'l
BILL-BUTTON, sb. Wil.' Water avens, Ccitm rivale.
Cf billy-'outton.
BILL-CLAMER, sb. n.Yks.^ A bill-sticker. See
Clame, v. Also called Bill-clagger.
BILLED, m]>: Som. Dev. Distracted, half mad.
Som. W. Si].Gl. (1873^ ; JenningsZ3(Vi/. w.Eiig. (iK6g). w.Som.'
Doa'n ee keep aup jush raa'tl, yiie-ul drai'v nice biil ud [do not
VOL. I.
keep up such rattle, you will drive me wild]. Dev. Moore ///sV.
Div. 18291 I- 353' n.Dev. \locK Jim an' A'<7/ (18671 67.
BILLERY-DUCKS, si./i/. War.^ Bilious or melan-
choly attacks.
[Possibly corrupted from ' biliary ducts.']
BILLET, i/).' Sc. Yks. Lan. Der. Lin. Nhp. Hrt. Suf.
Ken. limp. Amer. [bilat, ti lit.]
1. Wood cut to a convenient size for burning.
[Morton Cyclo. Asric, ,1863:. Amer., N.B., Nfld., N.S. Dial. Notts
(■895' 377-]
Hence Billeting, sb. firewood. n.Lin.'
2. A log, piece of wood ; also used attrib.
Gall. He was makin' an' awfu' face, an* the billet took him fair
atween the een, Crockett Bog-Myiilc 118951 379. Nhp.'^ Hr .
Billet wood, for making cogs of wheels, Ellis Moi/. Hiisb. • 1750)
Vll. ii. Suf. The long billet forced at last to bend. While gushing
sap fiolhs out at cither end, Bloomfield Farmer's Boy (1805; pt.
iv. 1. 81.
3. A piece of wood pointed at each end, used in farming.
Lan.'
4. A tip-cat ; the game of tip-cat.
w.Yks. Leeds Mere. Snftpt. ( Oct. 3, 1891). Lan. Munch. Ci y
News Oct. 3, 189G . De.-.2, nw.Der.'
5. The spread-bat, or swingle-bar, to which a horse's
traces are attached so as to keep them apart. See
Bat, s*.' Ken.'
6. In coiiip. Billet-head, a elect by which a keel is
moored when lying still in the river. Nhb.'
7. A bundle of reeds ; cuttings of osiers.
Nhp.', Hmp.'
[1. A letter is like a fresh billet of wood upon the fire,
SouTiiEY Letter (1821) in Li/e (1850) V. 58 ; Billet, /ig-
nuni crnssiiis creniatilc. Skinner (1671) ; Bttsclie, a logge,
or back stock ; a great billet, Cotgr. 2. A billet, A(7n//;(S,
tnincits, Coi.ES (1679) ; Byllet shyde of woodc, biicliette,
Palsgr. (1530). Fr. billette; Fagot de billettes, nom,
dans quelques provinces de ce qu'on nomme, a Paris,
cotret (Littre).]
BILLET, sb.' Som. A mess, a scrape, a ' kettle of
fish."
w.Som.' Yuur-z u puur-dce bukut, shoa'ur nuuf ! [here is a
pretty concern, sure enough I] U fuyn biikut ee-d u-gaut, vur tu
git-n tu geo' [a fine job he had to get him to go].
[This use is der. fr. the soldier's 'billet.' Hence any
situation or position may be called a ' billet.' Fr. billet ;
billet de logetiient, constatant qu'un soldat a droit d'etre
loge chez I'habitant (Hatzkeldj.]
BILLET, sb.^ Yks. The immature coal-fish, Mer-
laiigiis carboiiariits.
n.Yks.' In an intermediate condition between Pennockand Coal-
fish. [Satciiell (1879 .]
BILLET -METAL, s/>. w.Yks.' A soft white or yellow
metal cast in sprays and stamped in a die-billet to make
the shields of knives.
BILLIE, see Billy.
BILL-KNIFE, sb. Nhb.* A cleaver.
[Bill rcpr. E. bill, applied to various cutting weapons
and implements.]
BILLO'WS, sb. pi. Obs. .' Nrf. Snowdrifts. [Not
known to our correspondents.]
Nrf. ,V. & O. (1867. 3rd S. -xi. 271.
BILL-SLIPS, /»/;/•. Lan. An expression used by boys
in playing marbles ; also called Bills. See below. Cf.
bar, 1'.
Lan. In common use in the Blackpool district. ' Bills,' rather
than ' bill slips,* isoftcner used. By calling out 'bills ' immediately
after the ' taw' has accidentally slipped from his hold, the player
is entitled to have his ' shot ' over again, provided the other player
has not anticipated him by calling out ' no bills,' in which case the
claim is nullified. As a rule, it is mutually agreed beforehand
that no ' bills' shall be allowed. Mnncli. City Neu's (Oct. 10, 1896 .
BILLY, sb.'- Var. dial, uses in Sc. and n. and midl.
counties; also c.An. Hmp. I.W. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev.
[bi-li.]
1. Coiiip. in names of animals, birds, or insects : (i)
Billy-bat, the long-eared bat. Pteioliis communis; (2)
-biter, [a) the blackcap, Alotacilla aliicapilla; (b) the blue
u m
BILLY
[266]
BILLY-BLIND
titmouse, Panis caeriileus; (c) the great titmouse,
P. major; (3) -blackcap, the bullfinch, Pyrrhula enropaea ;
(4) -hooter, the tawny owl, Smnium ahico; (5) -lamb,
a lamb reared by hand; cf. cade-lamb; (6) -mote, any
small kind of moth ; (7) ■vi\nt,\htha.rno\\\,Stn.xJlaminea;
(8) -whitethroat, (a) the golden warbler, Sylvia hortensis ;
(b) the whitethroat, S. ciiierea; (c) ? the Scotch wren,
5. trochibis; (9) -wix, the barn owl, Strix flainmea.
(1) Shr.i Billy-bat come under my 'at. (2,0) Yks. (G.E.D.'),
n.Yks.'^ e.Yks. Marshall Riir. Econ. (1796). {bi ne.Yks.',
e.Yks.i, m.Yks.i, Chs.*, Not.', n.Lin.', War.^ w.Wor. That
fetched him quickish, like a billy-biter or a nightingale, Berroias
Jrn. 'Mar. 10, 1888). Shr. Swainson Birds (1885) 34 ; Shr.i
Hmp. De Crespigny & Hutchinson New Forest (,1895) 113.
I.W.'2 WU. Smith Birds 11887) 171. (c) Leu' (3,4) Shr.
Swainson Birds (1885) 129; Shr.' (5) Nhp.i (6) Chs.' (7)
Nrf. CozENS-HARDYfira«rfA'// '1893) 43; (A.G.F.I (8,(j)e.Lth.
SwAiNsoNfirVrfs 1885 24. (A.Shr.i i.c) s.Wor. (,H.K.) {9) e.An.'
Nr.'. Cozens-Hardy Broad Nrf. (,1893) 43 ; Swainson Birds (1885)
126 ; Nrf.i Suf. Sdatce Gossip (1882) 214 ; (G.E.D.)
2. Coiup.'m plant-names: (i) Billy-brighteye, Veronica
chaiuoi'drys, Germander speedwell (Irel.); (2) -clipper,
Coiivohitliis arvensis, barbine (Shr.'); (3) -Beatie, Parie-
iaria officinalis, pellitory of the wall (Irel.); (4) -come-
home-soon, /6«7S species, garden candy-tuft (Shr.); (5)
•White' s-buttons, Siellaria holoska (War.). See also
Billy-button.
3. In comp. (i) Billy-blin, a benevolent sprite ; (2)
-boy, a small coasting or river vessel ; small black rain-
clouds ; (3) -buck, a fool in the game of Plough-bullocks ;
(4) -bunting, buying old metal ; (5) -buttons, a simpleton ;
(6) -fairplay, in mining : a screen for separating large
coal from small, also a system of weighing by which
hewers are paid on large coal only ; (7) -fencer, a marine-
store dealer ; hence -fencing shop, a marine store ; (8)
-minawky, a stupid fellow, a booby ; (9) -of-the-wisp,
Will-o'-the-wisp, also called Billy- wi'-t'wisp ; (101 -pina-
fore, a simpleton; (ii)-prescot, a waistcoat ; (12) -whifRer,
a simpleton; (13) -whiffling, playing the fool; (14)
-winker, the elfin who closes the eyes of children at
bedtime.
Ci) Sc. She set her milk-white foot on board . . . And the Billy
Blin was the steerer o't, JamieSon Pop. Ballads (i8o6i II. 131.
s.Sc. The designation given to Brownie, or the lubber fiend (Jam. '.
Ayr. Still in use 1 J.F.). (2: ne.Yks.' Sha leeaks leykeyan o' thein
billy-boys. e.Yks.', w.Yks.^ n.Lin.' He cud mind 'em hugging
taters oot o't billy-boys ower't bank. It'll raain afoore foher an'-
twenty hooer end ; th' billy-boys is cumin' in. e.An.' Cmb.'
There's a billy-boy gone ashore at the Horse-shoe Corner. Ess.
A youth who owned a billyboy and oyster pans, Baring-Gould
Me/ia/a/i {1885 116. (3) n.Lin.' (4) Lon. Slang. Mayhew Z.o»rf.
iaioH»-( 1851) I. 417. (SjStf.s (6) Nhb.,Dur.(R.O.H.); Nichol-
son Coo/ Tr.Gl (i888<. (7) Cant. Life B. M. Carew (1791) Gl. ;
Him as kep' the billy-fencing shop down in Jamaica Street, Carew
Aittob. Gipsy ^1891; xxxv. (8j s.Chs.' Ah did' ,nu thingk- dhuld
bin- sich- u Bil'i-minau'ki uz goa- strai'vin of widh u bod'i laliyk
dhaat' [Ah didna think tha'd bin sich a Billyminawky as go stravin'
off with a body like that]. (9) w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Siippl. (Oct. 3,
1891 ,1 ; As bad as follerin Billy-wit wisp, Bywater Shevvild Ann.
('^55 9- sw.Lin.' (10) Stf.^ Well the art a billy-pinafore, go
an ax thi mother gi' thi a pennorth o' brcens. (11) War.^ (12,
13) Stf.2 'Wiar a [are] dhi brinz, lad, dheit a rcglar bill widar.
Kum, dau az yar taud an lels avnon a yar biliwiflin. (14) e.Lan.'
4. In phr. (i) Billy bant drunk, a slang name for
a drunkard; (2) Billy call father, weak tea; (3) Billy go
niinbles, an imaginary disease ; (4) Like Billy (O, used as
intensive adv. phr.
(i) Lon. He was not going by the name of Billy born drunk,'
Dy. News (Apr. i, 1895") 3. (2 Oxf.' Dhis iz Bili kaul faadhuur,
uwevuur [this is Billy-call-father, awevcr]. (3) s.Chs.' The
groom [with restive mare] called out, ' Stond baak, misis ! ur z
gofn dhu pim-pl paam-plz, bil igunim-biz, un pom'pitai shn u)dhu
aa-rt!' [Stond back, missis! her's gotten the pimple-pamples,
billy-go-nimblcs, an' pompitation o' the heart!] (4I n.Yks. To
work like billy (I.W.). w.Yks. He ran like Billy (J.T.) ; w.Yks.2,
s.Chs.' Stf.^'ci noo sooner sC-id th' bobby thin ei run loike billy-o.
Not.', ne.Wor, (J.W.P.i, Oxf.' MS. add. Hrt. Them fish is up
the river like billy-o '^G.U.G.). w.Som.' Nect praich I ees u kan-,
lu3'k bvil'ee oa! [not preach! yes he can, like Billy oh!] 'Twid
burn like Billy oh !
BILLY, 5i.2 Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks.
1. A young fellow.
Sc. I met wi'Tam o'Todshawandawheeno' the rest o' the billies,
Scott Guy M. (1815) xxv. Abd. Nae billy like himself a' round
about, Ross A/f/fdorf (1768 led. i3i2 ; Each social billie had to sing
a song, Ogg Willie IValy (1873) 15. Ayr. When chapman billies
leave the street. Burns Tarn o' Sh. (1790); Applied also to the
champion in games (J-F.). Lnk. An' noo, my fishing billies a',
Anew let us combine, Thomson Musings (1881) 151. Lth. With
billies bauld, an' titties shy. The time fiew helter-skelter by. Smith
Merry Bridal (1866) 34. Edb. A neighbour billie, Macneill Poet.
Wis. (i8on 128, cd. 1856. n.Cy. Border Gl. {Coll. L.L.B.^ Nhb.'
Hence Billy Bentie, sb. a smart, roguish boy. R.\b.
(W.G.)
2. A comrade, friend.
Sc. Jamie and me had gotten real billies, Roy Horseman ("1895)
xxxi. Abd. We tyeuk the road thegither like gweed billies, Alex-
ander Johnny Gibb \ 1871) xl. Frf. They're terrible billies (W M.).
Ayr. Should 1 believe, my coaxin billie, Your flatterin strain. Burns
To JV. Sin2pson {i-j8~i . e.Lth. Ye' ve voted Tory ! . . . ye hae left
your auld billies. Hunter /. Inwick (1895) 222. N.Cy.', Nhb.'
Cum. Your son's a lad, and he is but bad. And billie to my son he
canna be, Gilpin Ballads (i866j Grceme and Beu.'ick. n.Yks.'
3. A brother.
Sc. His minny Meg upo' her back Bare baith him and his billy,
Ramsay Tea-Table Misc. (1724") I. 21, ed. 1871. Lth. That wean
is your Billie, My ain son an' heir, Ballantine Poems (1856) 76.
Rxb. Used by old people (.W.G). Nhb.' And now, dear Billy
[marg. brother], this is right, Joco-Ser. Disc. (1686) 62. Cum.
Her [my niece's] fadder, God keep him ! my billy, Anderson
Ballads (i8o3) Uncle Wully.
Hence Billyhood, sb. brotherhood. [Not known to
our correspondents.]
s.Sc. 'Any man will stand py me when I am in te right, put wit
a prother I must always pe in te right.' ' Man,' quo' I, ' that's a
stretch of billyhood that I was never up to afore,' Hogg Brownie
o/Bodsbeck (1818) 11. 31 (.Jam.).
4. A lover.
n.Sc. (W.G.% Gall. (AW.)
[1. There is a child . . . Between my dear billy and I,
Lizie I Van in Child's Pop. Bal. II. 448.]
BILLY, sb.^ Dor. Som. [bili, ta'li.] A bundle of
reeds or of straw ; esp. one made up of two or three
partially thrashed sheaves.
Dor. w.Gaz. (Feb. 15, 1889) 6. Som. A bundle of reed for
thatching weighing I2lbs. As a measure of straw, it weighs I4lbs.
2 ' billies ' make one sheaf; 120 ' billies,' one hundred (F.A.A.) ;
Jen.mngs Dial. tv.Eng. (1869) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.'
BILLY, 5*.* Sc. Oxf. [bili.] In bird-names : (i) the
golden warbler, Sylvia hortensis ; also called Billy White-
throat, q.v. ; (2) the hedge sparrow, Accentor nwdularis.
(i) e.Lth. Swainson Birds (1885) 24. (2) Oxf. ib. 29; Aplin
Birds (1889) 53.
BILLY, sb.^ Wm. Yks. Glo. [bi'li.]
1. A wideawake hat, also called Billycock.
e.Yks. An young Randy Todd, At wore iv his billy the wing of
a bod, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889) 38. w.Yks. Hlfx. Wds.
2. A tea-table, or work-table. Wm.'
3. A tray used for carrying iron ore. Glo.'
BILLY, sb? Lan. Chs. Midi. I.W. A bull. See
Bill-blo.
ne.Lan. i1/rt»;r/<. OVvAVefs (Oct. 3, 1896). e.Lan.' s.Chs.' Chil-
dren are accustomed to call to a bull — 'Bifi, Bil-i Beldur, siikt
dhu ky'aayz eldur' [Billv, Billy Belder, Sucked the cai's elder]
(s.v. Belder). Midi. (S.W.), I.W.'
BILLY-BLIND, sb. Sc. Also written bellyblind.
The game of blindman's buff; also the one that is
blindfolded in the game.
Bnff. Cum an lat's hae a game at Bellyblin (W.C). s.Sc. The
only name for this game in Rxb. and the other counties on the
Border (Jam.).
Hence Billyblinder, sb. the person who hoodwinks
another in the game of blindman's buff. Also fig. a
' blind,' an imposture.
Sc. Wcel I wat that's little short of a billyblinder. An a' tales
be true, yours is nae lie, Hogg Peril of Man (.1822J III. 387 Jam.).
BILLY BUTTON
[267]
BIND
BILLY BUTTON, sl>. Applied to many plants having
a round button-like (lower, (i) Arcliiim Lappa, bur-
dock (Dev.) ; (2) Dcllis pereiiiiis, daisy (Slir.') ; (3I Chiy-
sanlliciiiiim liiicantliciittiiii, ox-eyed daisy (Yks.) ; (4)
Ceranitim Rober/iaiiiiiii, wild geranium (Bck.) ; (5) Lychnis
(iiunta, red campion (Ess.) ; (6) L./Iosciiciili, Ragged Robin
(War.^^); (7) Scabiosa unciisis (Yks.), Cf. bill-button.
(3) n.Yks. iI.W.)
BILPER, see Belper.
BILSH, see Bilch.
BILT, V. and sb. Obsol. Sc. Also written belt Bnff.
1. V. To go lame ; to walk with crutches.
Bnff., Rxb. In rare use ^\V.G.),
2. sb. A limp. Rxb. (Jam.)
3. A blow, a thud.
Ayr. In common use. I fell \vi' a bilt i J.F.).
BELTER, sb. Dmf. (Jam.) A child. [Not known to
our correspondents.]
BILTER, see Bilcock.
BILTIE, adj. Lnk. (Jam.) Thick, clubbish. Hence
Biltieness, sb. clumsiness. See Bulty.
BILVERCATCH, see Bilbo-catch.
BIM-BOMS, sb. pi. Som. Church bells ; hence
applied to anything hanging, as icicles, tags of a bonnet
or dress, &c.
Som. W. & J. a. (1873'). ■w-Som.' Aa'rkce, Taumee, tu dhu
puu'rdce bcem baum'z [listen, Tommy, to the pretty bells].
[Sliria, an icicle, a bimbom hanging at the nose, Coles
(1679).]
BI1VIEBY(E, adv. Nhb. Also Glo. Oxf. Nrf. Ess. I.VV.
Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Also written bim-bye Dev. ;
bumby Nrf. Ess.' Dor. ; by-m-by Nhb.'
1. By-and-by.
Nhb.' Glo. Ec'U be back bimcbj-, Buck.man Darke's Sojourn
(1890) X. Oxf.' MS. add. Nrf. But bum-by I woke up, Spilling
Cite (187a) 51 ; Ess. John Noakes bum-by come up, Clark J.
A'oafe5 (1839) 15; Ess.', I.W= Wil. Slow GI. (1892). Dor. 1
be a-gr\vain in bime-by. Hare Vill. Sheet (1895) 175. w.Dor.
(C V.G.) Som. Raymond Sam and Sabiiia (1894) 73 ; Jennings
Obs. Dial. w.Eitg. (1825). w.Sonu' Bum bye, the squier com'd and
zat Upon the grass, Pulman Sketehcs (1842) 18. Dev. 'Ihe'dcvil
rawd on, and bamby cum a shout, Tozer Poems ( 1873) 52 ; That's
tha moove us'U taich Measter Vrenchy bini bye, Nathan Hogg
Poel. Lett. (1847) 45, ed. 1865 ; Us be agwaine up tU «ce gran'fcr
bimbye, Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892).
2. Phr. Bimebye tiight, when night comes.
Dev. Mind now an' tell faither bimbye night, Phillpotts Dail-
Mioor (1896) 144 ; 1 wish bimbye-niglit yu'd go . . . and meet little
Jinnv Tapp, Hewett Peas Sp. (18921.
BIN, 56.' Chs. Nrf. Ken. Sus. limp. Also written
binne Chs.°^ [bin.]
1. A receptacle for fodder in a farmyard or stable ;
a cupboard or safe. Cf. bing, sb.^ ; binge, sb.^
Chs.=3 Nrf. Grose (1790) jl/S. add. (H.i e.Nrf. Marshall
Ktir. Econ. {\-](i'j . Ken. A safe, an aumbry or cupboard in a buttery
or larder. A horse bin, that apartment of a stable where the chalf
and cut meat is secured by a partition of boards ,K.). [A space in
a barn partitioned olTat the side, Morton Cye/o. Agric. (1863'!.]
2. A wooden framed canvas receptacle into which hops
are picked.
Ken. Hops are of course sometimes picked in baskets and not
bins (P.M.) ; (D.W L.) Sus. The bin into which her mother's busy
fingers picked [hops], O'Keilly Stories (1880} 1. 244. Hmp.
Each binn holds seven bushels, which are marked up the sides by
black lines W.M.E.F.).
3. In coiiip. (i) Bin-cloth, the coarse sacking with which
a hop-bin is lined ; (2) -man, the man who pulls the poles
for the hop-pickers and removes and empties the bins
when filled with hops ; (3) -money, an additional paj'ment
made to certain hop-pickers, amounting i^vii. to is. per bin.
Ken. (0 Pd. myself lor an Old Bin Cloth^ Phukley Overseers'
Acts. (Oct. 27, 1786). (2) He is attached to certain specified bins,
jg'CH. six in number (P.M.) ; (D.W.L.) (3) Bin money is verj' often
only allowed to pickers who enter their names direct with the
grower himself and not through an agent (P.M.).
BIN, sb.'^ Nhb.' [bin.] The w^ale or upper side of
a ship.
BIN, d).^ Sc. Mood, humour.
Abd. Whan fowks are in a langhin' bin For sang or fable,
Skinner Poems 1.1809) 14. Per. He was in fine bin. Nanc o'yer
bins here G.W.).
[Prob. the same as Bind, si.* 4.]
BIN, z;.' Sc. (Jam.) [bin.] Togo. Sec Bing, ».*
Fif. He ran as fast as he could bin.
BIN, v.^ Sc. (Jam.) Used as an imprecation.
Per. Bin thae biting clegs.
[A pron. of lit. E. bind, vb. (to make captive).]
BIN, coiij. Glo. Wil. Som. Dev. [bin.] Seeing that,
since ; if. See Being.
Glo. They med ha' put a bit o' fire for us, bin as it's winter time,
GissiNG F;//. //rtm/.rfc»< (1890) II. vii; Glo.'^ n.WU. Bin as he
don't (E.H.G. ). Som. Vawks ... Be nashun lucky, bin thay did
but knawt, 'Agrikler' Rhymes (1872) Title-page; V'ou'll smile at
thecazam vco lains that I write ta you, bin I be naw scholard,
Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Etig. ;i825) 126: Bin's why, W. & J. Gl.
(1873^. n.Dev. Doant agg an' argy zo, Bin' 'e wur aprillcd hours
ago. Rock Jim an' Nell V1867 st. 6.
BIND, sb.^ Var. dial, uses in Sc. and E.ig. Also in
form bine w.Wor.' Hrf.« Suf. Ken. Sus.'* Hmp.' Cor.'s
[bind, bain.]
1. Anything to tie up a bundle or faggot with ; a band
of twisted hay or straw ; a withy.
e.An.' Suf. Long hazel or elm shoots which arc wreathed or
twisted up for binding faggots C.T.) ; Suf.' w.Som.' Diie ce
uurn- un kuut tiie ur dree buynz', un tuy aup dhaat dhae ur eod
[do run and cut two or three binds, and tie up that i^faggot) wood].
Cor.2
2. The Stem or stalk of the hop, or other creeping
plant.
War.3, W.Wor.' Hrf. Richer land will produce a greater
quantity of bine than poorer, Marshall Reinew 1 1817) II. 2B6 ;
Hrf.2 Hrt. The vines or binds ... of Hellweed, Ellis Mod. Hiisb.
(1750^ IV. i. Suf. B. & II. Ken. ^D.\V.L.\ Sus.'^, Hmp.',
Cor.23
3. Gcii. in pi. Strata lying upon coal or iron, composed
of argillaceous shale, or any hardened chalky substance.
Wm.' w.Yks. G.o/. Sioz/. Sheet 43. Stf.'^ Iter. Hawv. Mineral."
(1802). Shr. Strata in Lightmoor Wimsey Pit, Marshall
Review (1818) II. 199; Shr.' Binds aie locally distinguished as
' blue.' ' grey,' &c.
4. Fig. Capacity, ability, power.
Sc. Aboon my bind (Jam.) ; Their bind was just a Scot's pint
over-head and a tappit-hen to the bill, Scott S/. Ronan , 1824 i.
BIND, sb.^ (1) Convolvulus sepiitin, wild convolvulus
(n.Lin.'j e.An.'l ; (2) Loiiiceia periclyinenum, honeysuckle
(w.Yks.). Sec Bindweed.
BIND, V. In var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also
written bin Sc. Nhb.' Cum. ; bine Lin.' ; bindy Som.
[bind, bain.]
1. To tic thg ' bands ' (q.v.) round sheaves in the harvest
field.
Cum. Rive an' bin* an stook their cworn, Stagg Mise. Poems
(1807) 65. n.lfks.' ne.Yks.' T'm.Tasther wants ya ti cum an'
binnd. e.Yks.' Som. The women folks, whose work it was to
' bindy and stitchy,' Raymond Satn and Sabina (1894') 155.
Hence Binding, vbl. sb. the work of tying sheaves.
e.Yks.' Jack's gctteu a bit o' bindin at m.ivsthcr Harrison's.
2. To put the tyre on a wheel ; to shrink a band of hot
iron on any article. See Bond.
w.Som.', nw.Dev.'
3. To become tight ; to catch.
Glo. A bearing is .said to bind. The knives of a reaper get
bound if they are bent from any cause (S.S.B.).
4. To swerve, to turn in a certain direction.
Chs.' When birds wheel round in their flight they are sometimes
said to be binding round ; Chs.^ The road binds that way. Stf.^
DliD roud boins i:> dh' lift. Lin.'
5. In phr. (i) lo bind in, to bind down, to exact a promise ;
(2) ncilhcr {to) hold nor bind, not to be restrained.
(i) Kcd. She bound hiin in nae to be tellin'. Jamie Muse (1844)
12. (21 Abd. He wud neddcr baud nor bin' wi' tryin' new
protticks, Alexander Johnny Gihb i 1871) xxix. Per. Itherfolk
he sometimes maks That they will neither bind nor haud, Nicoll
Poems (18371 97. ^'^. '843. Dmb. He'll be neither to haud nor bin',
Cross Disruption (1844) xxvi. Nhb.'
M m 2
BIND-DAYS
[268]
BING
6. In van lit. or dial, meanings : (i) Prcl. ban(d, (2)
boon' orbiin(d, (3I binded ; (4) />/>. binden, (5) bunden, (6)
bond, (7) bund, (81 bun, (9) binded.
(II s.Sc. Murray Diiil. (1873) 203. Dur.', n.Yks.^, e.Yks.'
w.Yks. Wright Grant. JViiclhll. (18921 132; w.Yks.'^ r.e Lan.i
He band him tuU a tailor. (21 Nhb.i, Witi.i, n.Yks.', s.Clis.i.
Shr.i (3^ e.Yks.i (4^ Nhb. (R.O.H.l.e.Yks.l (5 ) n.Yks.i (6,71
Shr.i (8j s.Sc. Murray Dial. U873) 203. w.Yks. Wf.icht Grant.
iVndhll. (1892) 132. s.Clis.i (9) Dev. If I'd been binded down
%vitli blankets, Repotis Provhtc. (1883; 81.
BIND-DAYS, sb. pi. Obs. Sus.^ Days upon which
the tenants of certain manors were bound to work for
their lord.
[Precartae (in old records), certain days-works, that
the tenants of some manours are bound to do for the
lord in harvest ; and which in several places are commonly
call'd Biiid-days, Phillips (1706J ; Prccariac, viilgo bind
daycs, Speljian (1687).]
BINDER, sb.^ Wm. Yks. Chs. Lin. Ken. limp. Cor.
[hi ndalr), bai nda^r).]
I. Of persons.
1. One who ties up the sheaves in the harvest-field.
n.Yks.', ne.Yks.', e.Yks.i
2. One who puts the braid or binding on rugs ; one who
binds boots and shoes.
w.Yks. (J.M.) n.Lin.' Commonly the shoemaker's wife or
daughter.
3. In mining : a carpenter who secures the shafts, adits,
&c., with timber. Cor.^
II. Of things.
1. A long pliable rod or stick, esp. one used in hedging
to bind together the tops of stakes ; a hooked stick used to
bind down the warps in the fields in drying wool.
Wm.^ w.Yks. Binders are used to prevent the threads from
being entangled and crossed by the wind (W.T.). n.Lin.^
sw.Lin.i We've kep' out stakes and binders enew. Ken. Paid for
Stakes and Binders, 7.9. T\d., Orlestone Overseers' Arts. (Mar. 18,
1821) (P.M.); Ken.i Walnuts are thrashed with a binder. Also
applied to the sticks used in binding on the thatch of houses or
stacks. They hit him as hard as they could with long binders.
2. Clenialis vitalba, wild clematis or traveller's joy.
Hmp.
3. A strip of hempen cloth or hoop of tin, used for
putting round cheeses, when taken out of the vats, to
prevent their bulging.
Ch5. Some dairy-women, instead of the tin binders, use cheese
fillets, which are a strong, broad, coarse sort of tape, Marshall
Revieiv (1818) II. 57 ; Ctis.^ The binders are woven in long pieces
of the required width, that is, about three inches wide ; Chs.^
4. A bandage, esp. a broad, soft piece of linen wound
round the body of a newlj'-born child.
w.Yks. TV. & O. (1854) ist S. X. 400. n.Lin.l
5. In pi. Strong pieces of wood, used in making the
foundation of a cart.
Chs.' The foundation is made of two strong side pieces of oak
called chests, and two strong end pieces called binders, which arc
bolted to them.
6. A large stone put in a rubble wall to act as a tie.
n.Lin.^
BINDER, sb.^ I.W. [bai'nda r).] A large quantity,
esp. of food.
I.W.' A prctt\' good binder of it ; I.W.2 I ded take in a binder.
BINDERER, sb. Irel. Also written bindherer, binn-
therer N.I.' Anything very large and good of its kind.
N.I.^ Ant. In common use iW.J.K.).
BINDHOME, sb. w.Yks.^ A copsewood where birds
lodge.
BINDING, vbl. sb. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Dcr.
1. A long rod or wand of hazel or thorn used in hedge-
making. See Bind, sb.^
Cum.' Yks. Thoresuy Lett. (i703\ w.Yks.", Der.'
2. Fig. A pitman's hiring ; in pi. the time when the
yearly bonds were signed.
N.Cy.' Nhb.' Previous to 1884, the bindin was for a year, but
after that time the engagement was on the basis of monthly notice
ol the termination of the agreement. Keelmen also made an
annual bindin with the coal fitters. NUb., Dur. Bindings used to be
signed on the Saturday previous to March 22nd, Green well
Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
3. In coinp. Binding-money, earnest money given to
a collier on being bound ; usually as. bd. or 35.
N.Cy.' Nhb. Wi' thee last bindin' munny thou bowt this new
gown, MiDFORD Sj;^s. (1818) 59; Nhb.^
BINDLE, sb. Sc. Irel.'
1. A cord or rope of heinp or straw, used for tying or
binding (Jam.).
2. The withered stems of herbaceous plants which
children collect to make bonfires with.
Ant. Grose {1790) MS. acid. (^C.)
[OE. byiidele, a binding.]
BINDWEED, sb. Applied to several climbing or
clinging plants: (i) Convolvulus ai-vensis (n.Cy. Yks.
Lin. Suf Ken. Sus. Hmp.) ; (2) C. scpitiin, see Bind (Chs.^
Suf. Sur. Hmp.') ; (3) Lomcera fericlynieimm (w.Yks.') ;
(4) Polygonum convolvulus, knotgrass (Cum. Chs. e.An.) ;
(5) Vicia hirsuta, wild tare (Hrt.).
(i^ Suf. (F.H.) (4) Chs. Science Gossip (1865) 35; Chs.J (5)
Hrt. Ellis Mod. Htisb. (1750) III. i.
BINDWOOD, sb. Cum. m.Yks.' Loniccia peridy-
vteninn, honeysuckle or woodbine.
Cum. Science Gossip (1865) 35.
BINE, see Boin.
BINE-BINE, adv. plir. e.An. Also written binne
e.An.' ; binne-binne Nrf.' By-and-by. Cf. bimeby.
Nrf.i Suf. (F.H. ; Suf.'
BING, v} and si.' Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Slf. Der.
[bii].]
1. V. To pile in a heap ; fig. to accumulate.
Sc, The hairst was ower, the barnyard fill'd, The tatoes bing'd,
Blackw. Mag. (Dec. 1822) (Jam.) ; Ye'll bing up siller o' yir ain,
Tarras Poeiits (1804) 48, (ib.) Lnk. Barrels an' bottles are bing't
up by scores, Hamilton Po«;/s (1865) 68. Rxb. Our 'tatoes too
are howkit now An' safely bing'd, A. Scott Poems (i8o3) 108.
N.I.'
2. sb. A heap, a pile ; alsoy7§'. a crowd.
Sc. A bing o' wheat set aboot wi' lilies, RonsoN Sn^. Sol.
(i860") vii. 2. Or.I. (S.A.S.) Sh.I. 'Seemun,' piir trow, wi his
legs in a bing Geed hirslin aroond. Burgess Rnsinie (1891") 16.
BnlV. There wiz bings o' fowk (W.G.). Fif. Ae man lay doon
yesterday on his bing o' stanes through sheer weakness,
Robertson Provost (1894) 121. Lnk. Lood he sings When
happin' up his corn an' bere, An' tattle bings, Thomson Mtisings
(1881) 185. N.I.' A heap of potatoes in a field covered with
earth ; a heap of grain in a barn. Uls. {M.B.-S."i, Nhb.'
3. Lead-ore dressed and broken into pieces for smelting ;
also in coinp. Bing-ore.
Stf. (K. ); Str.i Der. What caver stole the bing-ore from his
coe, Furness Mediats (1836) 24. n.Der. She was still hard at her
work, breaking bing-ore on the knock-stone. Hall Hathersage
(1896) iii.
4. A measure of lead ore equivalent to eight hundred-
weight.
Nlib.' To Mr. Fcnwick.of Morpeth, for every 7th bing in Sattling
— stones groove, £106 19s. iiif/., Hodgson Nhb. III. ii. Nlib.,
Dur. Bailey & C\5i.i.ii\ Agric. (1805) 19. ni.Yks.'
5. Comp. (i) Bing-hole, a hole through which lead ore
is thrown ; (2) -stead, the place where lead ore is laid
ready for smelting.
CO Nhb.' Der. Mawe Mineral. (1802). (2) Nhb., Dur. Forster
Strata (182O 337. Nhb.'
[2. Cp. Sw. binge, a heap ; ON. hingr, a heap of corn
(Vigfusson) ; see also Fritzner (s.v.).]
BING, sA.^ Van dial, uses in Sc, n. and midl. counties ;
also e.An. [bir).]
1. A bin or box for corn, wine, &c. Cf bin, sb.^ ;
binge, sb}
Bwk. Round the corn bing We'll hae a canty fling, Henderson
Pop. Rhymes (1856) 114. N.Cy.' Nhb.' The corn bing, the hay
bing, &c. Dur.' w.Yks. Let it rain on to a pile o* noils afoar
they wor thrown into t'bing, Preston Yksman. (1879) VIII. 203;
Hlf.x: IVds. ; w.Yks.s T'bean bing. Chs.2 s.Stf. Pinnock Bit.
Cv. .<4h«. (1895"). Not. (J. H.B.I Lin. Streatfeii.t> Lin. and Danes
(1884") 317. n.Lin.' To cover the bottles in the bings with saw-
dust, Barry Oit IVines ['1777'! 82. Nlip.', War. (J.R.W.i, Shr.',
Hnt. (T.P.F.), e.An.' Nrf. Yow'll find plenty of corn in the bing
BING
[269]
BINK
(W.R.E.X Suf. iF.H.); (C.T.1: Suf.i [Grose (,1790; J/5, rtrfrf.
(P.); Morion Cyc/o. -tgiic. {1863"!.]
2. A receptacle for fodder in a cow-house.
Chs.' It is usually quite separate from tlie shippon, but com-
municates with it by means of square holes in the wall in front of
each cow. s.Chs.^, Der.^, nw.Der.*, Shr.^
3. A kind of store-house or compartment in a granary.
e.Lan.', CUs.l s.Chs.' Commonly called curn-ark. Shr. Three
bings, two barns, and five bays, hwciitoiy of fire at Morclon
Cvrbit (iSis) tT.N.B.) ; Shr.^ A small granary within a larger one,
or within a 'bay' ; which can be locked up, and into which grain
can be put in bulk after it is threshed and before it is * bagged up.'
4. A space boarded off to keep bobbins separated in
a weaving shed. w.Yks. (J.T.) ; (B.K.)
5. The hole or kiln of a furnace where charcoal is burnt
for the melting of metals. n.Cy. (K.)
6. The cistern into which crystallized alum is thrown
for the water to drain from it. n.Yks. (K.)
[1. A h\n^, scri Ileum viiiiiiieiiiii. Levins Maiiip. (1570);
Bynge, llicca, aiiiieia, Prompt. Da. biiig, ' cuinera ' ; so
Norw. dial. (Aasen).]
BING, sb.^ and i'.* Cor. [bir).]
1. sb. A thump or blow.
Cor.2 MS. add.
2. V. To knock or strike.
Cor.3 I hinged my head against the open door.
BING, vJ^ Lan. Chs. Also written byng Lan.' [bir)]
Of milk or cream : to curdle, to turn sour.
Lan. An' bewitches t'milk as it winnot churn, or gets bynged,
KayShuttleworth Scarsdale (i860) II. 36 ; The milk is bynged
or will not churn, though a hot poker has been used to spoil the
witchery, Harland & Wilkinso.n Fik-Loic {iSb-)) 165; Lan.',
Chs.' 23
Hence Bingy, adj. sour.
Yks. She found out as summat was wrong wi' Nancy as soon as
th' milk turned bingy, Gaskell Sylvia ^I863) II. i. Ch5.' To
keep milk in tin vessels tends to give it a bingy taste; Chs,® It
will be a bad churn to-dav. the milk smells quite bingy.
BING, u.* Sc. [birj.] Togo.
Sc. Bing out and tour, ye auld devil, Scott Guy M. (1815)
xxviii.
[Bing awast, go away, Coles (1677).]
BING-ALE, sb. Obs. Ken. Ale given at a feast at
the time when tithes were paid in kind.
Ken.' ; Ken.- The liquor which the fermor of a parsonage gives
to the fermours and to the servants (at two separate entertain-
ments, ser\*ants first and masters afterwards^ at the end of tlic year
when he has gathered their tythe.
BINGE, v.'^ Sc. n.Cy. Also written bindge S. &
Ork.' ; beenge, bynge Sc. [bindg, bindg.] To bow ; to
cringe.
Sc. By beenging to your foppish brithers, Fergusson Poems
(1789) II. 33 (Jam.'j ; The maiden blushed, and bing'd fu' l.a',
Ramsay Tea-Tahic Misc. (1724) I. 8, ed. 1871. S. & Ork.» e.Lth.
They'reuncoguidatbeckinan'bccngin, HuNTERy. ///;f/(>6(i895} 82.*
Hence Been gin, /)/>/. adj. fawning, cringing.
Feb. While beengin sla\xs c.V them divine, NicoL Poems
(i8o=i) I. 187 ' Jam.). n.Cy. Border Gl. {Coll. L.L B.)
BINGE, si> and v.'^ Yks. Lin. [bindg.]
1. -■J/). A corn bin. Cf bing, sb.^ ; bin, sb.^ w.Yks.^
2. The large pocket or open bag made of sacking into
which hops were gathered.
sw.Lin.' Then it was, who could get her binge filled first.
3. V. To throw into the binge or pocket.
sw.Lin. • A custom practised by the women on any man who
came into the hop-yard on the last day of hop-picking. He
reckoned there was no woman could binge him. We had many
a prank together in the hop-j'ard, bingeing folks and playing.
Both the word and the practice have gone out of use with the
destruction of the Hop-garden in this parish (Doddington).
[1. Two binges for bredde, liivciitory at IVollaloii Hall,
Not. (c. 1550) in Lin. & Not. Archit. Soc.'s Rep. (1887) 83.]
BINGE, v.^ and si.* Stf Der. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp.
War. Bck. Bdf Hnt. Slang, [binds;.]
1. V. To soak, asp. to swell a leaky wooden vessel by
filling it with or plunging it into water. Cf beam, beene.
Stf, Der.2, nw.Der.' s. Not. Goo an' binge the dolly-tub; it
leaks like a riddle i^J. P. K.;. Not.'® Lin. And here [the ale-house]
he'd wish, life's cares and troubles past. His time-worn vessel well
to binge at last, Bkow.-j /-//. Laiir. (1890) 105. n.Lin.' Chuck
that theare bucket i'to th' pond an' let it binge. sw.Lin.' Mind you
binge that cask. Lei.' Oi wur bingein' a churm. Nhp.' Put the
tubs to binge, ready for the wash ; Nhp.' War.® To ' binge the
churn' would also mean to tighten the bung by means of wet
cloths wrapped round it. n.Bck. (A.C.) Bdf. Batchelor Anali.
Eiig. La)ig. .1809 . Hnt. (T.P.F.)
Hence Bingeing, ppl. adj. soaking, drenching.
Nhp.i A heavy rain is a good bingeing shower.
2. Fig. Of persons : to ' soak,' to drink deeply.
Nhp.' A man goes to the ale-house to binge himself
Hence (i) Binge, sb. a bout of drinking ; (2) Binger,
sb. an advanced state of intoxication ; (3) Bingeing, vbl.
sb. hard drinking.
(I ) Nhp.' A good binge. (2I Lin.' (3) Lei.' A doyed a-bingein.
3. sb. A big drinking bout.
Slang. In use at O.-if. University, Barr^re cSc Leland.
BINGER, sb. Lei. War. [bi'nd^afr).] Something
sharp or pungent, as a keen wind or frost, a draught of
potent beer or ardent spirits.
Lei. A ' binger' of hot drink (C.E.) ; Lei.' Surs ! It's a binger
this mornin' ! Tek a drop o' brandy — just a binger agen the reen.
War.3 Said of weather.
BINJEAN, sb. LMa. A popular Manx dish, some-
thing between junket and curds and whey.
I. Ma. The customary feast of Cowree and Jough and Binjean,
Caine Deemster (1887) 8; (S.A.P.K.); Known also in the «. as
Pinjane, and in the i. as Baanjane (T.E.B."i.
BINK, .sA.i Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lin. [bir)k.]
1. A shelf; a frame of wooden shelves for holding
earthenware in a kitchen ; a plate-rack. Cf. bank, benk.
Sc. A crackit trencher on the bink, Scorr..-J;r//(/Hrt»;v i i8i6 xxvi ;
The bink, with its usual arrangement of pewter and earthenware,
il>. Redg. (1832) iv ; Every plate and bowl on the bink was shining
with cleanness. Whitehead Daft Davie (1876) 161, ed. 1894.
Feb. The dishes were pUaccd upon the bink (A.C). n.Cy. Border
Gl. {Coll. L.L.B.) Nhb.', n.Ylts.'*
2. A bank ; an acclivity.
n.Sc. (Jam.) BnfT. A bink o' yird [earth] (W.G.). Abd. Up
thro' the cleughs, where bink on bink was set, Ross Helenore
(1768) 24, ed. 1812. Cnm. Used by hunters for a ledge to which
the hounds cannot find a way in pursuit of the fox (J.W.O.).
e.Yks. The ' Stony Binks,' a dangerous bank of rocks near Spurn
Point ; e.Yks.i
3. A wasp's nest. See Bike.
Sc. Ye'r lolks . . . keep tormenting me like a bink o' harried
wasps, Edb. Star (Feb. 7, 1823'j i,Jam.). Lth. Dibblin" in ditches,
speelin' rocks, Smeekin' wasps' binks, or hunlin' brocks, Ballan-
TiNE Poo;;.', (1856) 67.
4. The perpendicular part of a peat-bog, from which the
peat is cut.
Ayr. They work, or they oblige others to work, the peat bink
with order and regularity, Stat. Ace. XIV. 66 (Jam.) ; Gaun tae
the peat-biuk (J.F.).
5. A small heap of clay, mortar, or mould. Bnff.'
[A n. equiv. of lit. E. bench, and used in this sense in
early Sc. The gud vif on the bynk sytand, Barbour
Bruce (1375) VII. 238.]
BINK, sb."^ Obsol. n.Lin." A wooden hutch for
holding coal. Cf. bing, sb.^
[A bj'iike to ley colis in, Eiig. Cli. Furniture (1534) 190
(N.E.D.).]
BINK, A-i.® and v. Sc. [biqk.]
1. sb. A bending movement; alsoyTg; in phr. to play
bink, to yield.
Sc. A horse is said to give a bink when he makes a false step
in consequence of the bending of one of the joints (Jam.). Edb.
And having a kind of trot in his walk, from a bink forward in his
knees, MoiR Maiisie IVaiich (1828) xxvii,
2. V. To bend, to bow down, to lean forward awkwardly.
Sc. (Jam.) e.Ltli. Mind j-e bink doun an' say 'sir' wlian ye
spak til him, Hunter y. Imvitk (1895) 65.
3. To press down, to destroy the shape, esp. of shoes.
Bnff. Bink the fehls [turfs] weel doon (W.G.).
4 To protect by a bank or ledge of rock; to cover
retreat.
Cum. The lox is biuked J.W.O.).
BINKART
[270]
BIRD
BINKART, sb. Bnft'.' A heap of stones, clay, dirt,
&c. See Bink, sb} 2.
BINKER, sb. and v. Bnff.
1. sb. A heap of stones or dirt.
Bnff. There wiz binkers o' stehns a' throuw the feedleg [fields]
(W.G.).
2. V. To pile up in a heap.
Bnff. He began t'binker up a fehl [turf] dyke (W.G.).
BINKIE, adj. Tvvd. (Jam.) Gaudy, trimly-dressed,
smart.
BINN, sb. Sc. The company of reapers employed
on the harvest-field. Cf. boon (a band of reapers).
Rxb. W.G.)
BINNER, v., sb. and adv. Sc. Irel. [bi'nar.]
1. V. To move swiftly, dash, rush ; to work with noise
and energy.
Elg. Robin [Redbreast] ! ... Ye binner to the thorn, Couper
Tonrifications (1803) I. 155. Bnff.', N.I.'
Hence Binneran, vbl. sb. a noisy movement, noise.
Bnff.i
2. To strike so as to produce a humming or buzzing
sound ; also intr. to whirr, to buzz.
e.Sc. A wheel is said to binner (Jam.). Bnff.' Dinna binner the
hallan.
'3. sb. A quick movement accompanied by much noise ;
a sounding blow.
Sc. Wi' monie a binner and awfu' lunder. Anderson Poems
(1813) 124 (Jam.). Elg. Bang flew the doors back wi' a binner,
Tester PofiHs (1865") 152. Bnff.' Abd. A brattlin band unhappily
Drave by him wi' a binner, Skinner Poems (1809) 5.
4. A quantity of work done. Bnff.'
5. adv. With much noise and force. Bnff.*
BINNICK, sb. Som. Also written binnic. [binik.]
1. The minnow, Cyprimis phlo.xiincs.
Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eitg. (1825).
2. The stickleback, Gasterosleus iraclmnts.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
BINSTEAD, sb. Nhp. A bay in a barn for housing
corn. Also known as binstay. See Bin, sb.^
Nhp.' Where there are two bays, one is called the threshing bay,
the other the binstead or binstay.
BlOG, sb. S. & Ork.' 1. A horse-collar made of straw.
2. A pattern exhibiting rings of different-coloured
worsted upon stockings.
Hence Biogit, ppl. adj. Of stockings ; knitted in
a pattern of rings of different-coloured wool.
[ON. baugr (hougr), a ring, cp. Norw. dial, bang, a ring,
also, a curved seam (Aasen).]
BIOT, sb. Chs. Also written biat Chs.* [biat.]
Any kind of support ; a walking-stick.
Clis. It is customary for the good old people resident in the
neighbourhood of Nantwich to exclaim, ' Give me my old Biot,'
'Where is my old Biot?' meaning the stick with which they support
themselves when walking, Platt Hist. Nantwich (1818) 79; Chs.'
BIRBECK, sb. Sc. The call of the moorcock or
grouse. Cf beck, v?
Sc. (G.W.) Bnff. The piping of the kitty needy, the birbeck
of the muir-fowl. Smiles Kaliir. (1876) vii.
BIRCHEN, adj. Som. Made of birch.
Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825). w.Som.' U buurchn
breom [a birch broom].
[Unless you had the same birchen argument to con-
vince me. Fielding Tom Jams (1749) Bk. v. xi ; Two
birchen trees, Caxton Reynard (1481) ed. Arber, 41.]
BIRD, si.' In van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. A young bird, a chicken ; fig. a young girl or man.
See Brid, Burd.
Sc. ' Peggy, my bonny bird,' continued the hostess, addressing
a little girl of twelve years old, Scorr Old Moiialitv (1816) xli.
Ayr. The craw thinks its ain bird the whitest, Galt Eiilai! (182;^)
Ixv. Dur. Hen and birds (K.V Slang. There we fell in with a bird
in mahogany tops, Hughes T. Brown Oxf. (1861) vi.
2. A cock.
Pem. She'vea got two birds 'longwithherpowltry (E.D.). Dor.
Four hens and one bird, Advt, in w.Gazeltc (1895).
3. A partridge.
War.* Nrf. Arc there many birds this year? (W.R.E.) ;
Cozens-Hardy Broad Nrf. (1893'! 2. w.Som.' Aay zeed u fuyn
kuubee u buurdz uz mau'rneen [I saw a fine covey of partridges
this morning]. nw.Dev.'
4. Coinp. (i) Bird-boy, a boy employed to scare birds
from grain ; (2) -clacker, a clapper used to frighten
birds; (3) -corn, see -keep ; (4) -dubbing, see below ; (5)
•duffer, a bird-seller ; (6) -eyed, near-sighted ; (7) -fraying,
driving away birds from corn or grain ; (8) -keep, lean
grains of corn mixed with the seeds of weeds separated by
the winnowing machine ; (9) -knapping, a method of
snaring birds by night ; (10) -mouthed, unwilling to
speak out, shy of expressing an opinion; (11) -s-neesen,
birds'-nests ; (12) -'s-neezening, bird's-nesting; (13) -thief,
the cuckoo ; (14) -tides, especially low tides occurring
annually about midsummer ; (15) -'s-wedding-day, St.
Valentine's day.
(I) n.Lin.', Nhp.i (2) Hrf.2 (3) n.Lin.* (4) Glo. Walking down
in two companies on each side of a hedge and pelting at the birds,
which fear to leave the hedge on either side, Ellis Prommc. (1889)
V. 66. (5) Lon. I have heard these people styled ' bird-swindlers,'
but by street-traders I heard them called ' bird-dufifers,' Mayhew
Land. Labour {1851) II. 6g. (6) n.Lin.' (7)Hmp.' (8) n.Lin.'
(9) n.Dev. Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.) (10) Sc. Ye're owre bird-
mouth'd, Ramsay Pjoi». (ed. 1776') 86 (Jam.). Lin.', n.Lin.' (ii)
Not.', Lei.', War.^ (12) Lei.' Ah'm a-gooin' a-boods-neezenin'.
A goos a bood-neezening, 24. (13I War.^In allusion to the belief
that it sucked the eggs found in the nest selected by the intruder
for its own egg. (14) Lin. So called by the country people because
they are supposed to be lower at that season in order that the birds
on the surrounding flats maj' be able to hatch and raise their
young, unmolested by the inundations customary at other times,
Thompson Nist. Boston (1856) 367. (15) Wil.'
5. Comb, in plant-names : (1) Bird's bread and cheese,
Oxalis acetosclla, wood sorrel (Cum. Dev.*) ; (2) -briar,
Rosa arveiisis, briar rose; see Brid (Chs.^); (3) -eagles,
the fruit of hawthorn (Chs.) ; (4) -een. Primula farinosa
(Cum.); (5) -s' eggs, ia) the fruit of hawthorn ("Chs.' ^) ;
{b) Sileiic iii/Iata, bladder campion (Shr.') ; (6) -'s foot.
Loins corniciitalits, bird's foot trefoil (Suf ) ; (7) -in-a-bush,
Corydalis solida, bulbous fumitory (Nhp.) ; (8) -s' meat,
berries of thorn, holly, or ivy (Som. Dev.); (9) -'s nest,
the seed-head of Daucus carota, wild carrot ; see also
Besom-busks (Yks. Wil.) ; (10) -s' pears, hips and haws
(Dor. Som.) ; (11) -seed, (a) the heads of Plaiilago major,
wild plaintain (Sus. Wil.' Dev.) ; (i) Seiiecio vulgaris,
groundsel (Yks.) ; (12) -thistle, Carduus /anceolalus (\^or.);
(13) -'s tongue, (a) Aitagallis arveiisis, pimpernel (Nrf.);
(b) Polygonum aviculare, knotgrass (n.Cy.). See also
Bird's Eye.
(3) Chs.' Eagles or ' agles ' appears to be the dimin. of ' haguc,'
which is the more common name of the haw. (4) Cum. The
lockety gowan an' bonny burd-een Are the fairest flowers that ever
were seen. Children's Rhyme. Wm. (B.K.) (8) w.Som.' D-ce livur
zee buurdz mai't su plai'ntee uvoaT ? [did you ever see berries so
plentiful before 1] nw.Dev.' (9) w.Yks. (W.F.) Wil.' The flower
of the wild carrot gathers together as the seeds mature, and forms
a framework cup at the top of the stalk, like a bird's-nest. These
'bird's-nests,' brown and weather^eaten, endured far into the
winter, Jefferies Gi. Estate (1880) vii. (10) Dor. w.Gazeltc
(Feb. 15, 1889') 6, col. 7. Som. A'. & Q. (1877) 5th S. viii. 358;
W. & J. Gl. (1873). (II, a) Dev.* The heads are gathered when
ripe and dried, for putting in the cages of tame birds as winter
food.
6. \r\ phr. (i) A' tlxe birds in the air, a children's game;
(2) birds in the bush, a game of marbles ; (3) birds and
bush, a juggler's trick ; (4) bird of Paradise, the nightin-
gale ; (5) sitting bird and joe, sitting cheek by jowl,
denoting intimacy ; (6) ivhen birds have two tails, when
it is spring and swallows return.
(i) Sc. ' A' the Birds in the Air' and 'A' the days of the Week'
are also common games, Blachu. Mag. (Aug. 1821) 36 (Jam.).
(21 War.2 One player holds any number of marbles in his clasped
hands, saying, ' Birds in the bush, how many ? ' The other player
guesses, and wins the lot, if he guess aright. (3) Lon. I also do
what is called ' the birds and bush,' Mayhew Land. Labour (1851)
III. 106. (4)War.3 (5)Sc.(Jam.) (6) n.Lin.'
[1. A turtle fynditii a nestc to it silf, where it schal
kepe hise bryddis, Wyclif (1388) Ps. Ixxxiii. 4 ; Some
BIRD
[271]
BIRKl
besyed hem hir briddes forth to bringe, Chal'cer Pail.
Foitles (1382I 192. 5. (9) Paslcnade sauvat^e, tlic wild
carrot, called Birds-neast. . . . Carole sauiuii^e, Daiiais,
wild carrot, birds-neast, Cotgr. (13, b) Ceiitijoiiie, knot-
grasse, Birds-tongue, ib.]
BIRD, si.^ e.An. The pupil of the eye.
e.An.* The pupil, or rather, perhaps, the little refracted image
on the retina ; the * baby in the eye.* Nrf. He wus a breaking
stuns and a bit flew up and hit him on the bird of the eye (W.R.E.);
Nrf.' Suf. Ray ( 1691) ; (K.) ; (F.H.) ; Suf.l
BIRD-BATTING, vbl. sb. Won Glo. Ken. Sus. limp.
Wil. Dor. Som. Dev.
1. A method of snaring birds at night by means of
a strong light held behind a net. See below. See Bat-
birding, Bat-folding.
s.Wor. A got a sparrer-net last night, and a went bird batting
(H.K.); s.Wor.i, se.Wor.i Glo. (J.S.F.S. ) ; Grose (1790 MS.
add. (H.) ; Glo.' Ken., Sus. Holloway. Hnip.' Wil. Bkitton
Beauties (1825) ; Wil.l Dor. Among boys, it means beating birds
out of the hedge with sticks or stones, some of the boys being
each side of the hedge, Barnes Gl. (i863\ Som. A diversion which
they call bird-batting, Fielding yt)5. Atidreivs ''1742') x ; Jennings
Obs. Dial. w.Eiig. (1825) ; (F.A.A.) ; W. & J. Gl. (,i873\ w.Som.'
The birds are driven from their roosts, and fly towards the light
into the net. This latter is attached to two long sticks bent to-
gether at the ends, so as to form an arch with a joint in the centre,
where the sticks meet. The fowler holds one of the sticks in each
hand, which, when the net is open, are far apart, and the whole per-
pendicular. As soon as a bird flies against the net he instantly folds
it, so that the bird is enclosed. n.Dev. Grose {iigo) MS. add. (H.)
2. Comp. Bird-batting.net, the net used in bird-batting.
Also called bat-folding-net.
Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. u\Eiig. ('1825). w.Som.^
BIRDER, sb. Obs. Nhp. The wild cat.
Nlip.2 These, from their way of living, which is catching birds,
&e. . . . are here called birders, Morton Hisl. Nlif>. (1713) 443.
BIRD-KEEP, V. Not. Nhp. Wor. Bdf Wil. Dor. Som.
Written bird-kippy Dor.' To frighten birds off new-
sown corn and crops.
Not. (L.C.H.;, Nhp.2 Dor. Barnes Gl. (1863).
Hence (i) Bird-keeper, sb. a boy employed to keep
birds off the crops; (2) Bird-keeping, i^W. si. frightening
birds off the crops.
(i) Wil. Should anyone in authority ask where that gun went
off, the labourer ' thenks it wur th' bird-kippur up in th' Dree
Vurlong,' Jefferies Gl. Eslale (i88o"i i. Dor. Barnes Gl. (1863^
(2) Not. (L.C.M.), se.Wor.i, Bdf. (J.W.B.) Som. Johnny was en-
gaged to go a bird-keeping, Raymond Love and Qiiiel Life {i6g^') 95.
BIRD'S EYE, sb. The name of several plants, esp.
Verouica c/iaiiiocdrys, having small bright flowers: (i)
Aitagatlis anviisis, pimpernel (Oxf Bck. Wil.') ; (2) Aii-
chtisa seinpcrvivens, evergreen alkanet (w.Som.') ; (3) Car-
dmnine praleiisis, lady-smock (Cum. Yks. Shr.) ; (4)
Ceraitiiim robcrliaiium, wild geranium (Nhb.' Bck. Dev.*) ;
(5) Lychnis diunta, red campion (Dev.); (6) Myosotis
arvensis, forget-me-not (Not. Bck. Hmp. Dor.); (7) M.
paliislris (Nhp.' Hmp.') ; (8) Nepeta ,s:lcclioiiia, ground ivy
(Nhp. Oxf Bck.) ; (9) Primula fariiwsa (Yks.) ; (10)
Sagitia proamtbens (Sus.) ; (11) Saxifraga mnbrosa,
London pride (Dev.); (12) Slellaria Iwlostea, stitchwort
(Dur. Yks. Dcr. Won); (13) Veronica bii.xbatimii (Bck.
Wil.'); (14) V. chamocdrys, germ3.ndev s^ce&weW (m get! .
dial, use) ; (15) K //('(/('/•//oAVt, ivy-leaved speedwell (Ess.).
(3) n.Yks. (,rw.) (6) Dor. (G.E.D.) (11) Dev." Children say
that if you gather the Bird's-eye, [birds] will come and pick your
eyes out. (12") n.Yks. ( I .W. 1 (14) Nhb.' e.Yks. Marshall
Rtir. Econ (1788). w.Yks. (W.F.), sw.Lin.', Nhp.', War.3, Shr.'
Ess. Monthly Fekt. (Oct. 1862) 435. Hmp.' Wil. The deep blue
bird's-eye veronica, } Ef fER!ES Field and Hdgi-w. (i88g) 216 ; Wil.',
Dor (G.E.D."), w.Sora.' Dev. Reports Proline. (1884) ir.
BIRD-STARVING, vbl. sb. Oxf Wil. Don frightening
birds off grain. See Bird-tenting.
Oxf. I want a pound of powder for bird-starving (J.E.). Wil.',
Dor. (C. K.P.I
BIRD-TENTING, 7'W. sb. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. Wan
Driving away birds from crops. See Bird-keep.
Not.', n.Lin.' Lei.' Yo plaough ! Whoy, it's as mooch as ivver
yo can carry a clack a-bood-tentin'. Nhp.', War.^
BIRGE, sb. Obsol. Nhp.' A bridge.
[A pron. of bridge, with metath. of r.J
BIRK, si.' Sc. Nhb. Dun Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Den
Not. Lin. Also written burk Cum. e.Yks. w.Yks.*;
brick Nhb.' [tirk, bak.]
1. The birch tree, Betiila alba.
Sc. He's nae gentleman . . . wad grudge twa gangrel puir bodies
. . . the bits o' rotten birk to boil their drap parritch wi', Scott
Gtiy M. (1815) iii; At the gates o' Paradise That birk grew fair
enough, Ballad, Wife of Usher's IVell ; Prov. He's as bare as the
birk at 'Vule E'en, A'. (^ Q. (1888) 7th S. v. 73, Ayr. How
sweetly bloom'd the gay green birk. Burns Highland Afary (iqgx)
St. 2. Bwk. Broom and birk, Henderson Pop. Rhymes ^l856) 63.
Slk. You may as well try to up-root that birk, Chr. North Nodes
(ed. 1856) IV. g. Gall. Some knotty twigs o' the bonny birk,
Crockett ./?ai*/s (1894) iv. n.Cy. (K.); N.Cy.'* Nhb. And
the bud's on the saugh, and the bonny birk tree, Coqttetdole
Sngs. (1852) 53 ; Nhb.', Dur.' Cum. In the Belle Grange, with
their wealth of silver birch or birk, Linton Late Cy. fi864) 13;
Cum.', Wra.', n.Yks.'23, ne.Yks.' e.Yks. Marshall Riir. Eeon.
(1788). m.Yks.' w.Yks.' ; w.Yks.^ Not much used now; w.Yks.**,
Lan.', ne.Lan.', e.Lan.', Der.' Der., Not. The common name in
Sherwood Forest, A'. & O. (1886; 7tli S. ii. 58. n.Lin.' sw.Lin.'
The kids [faggots] are all birk.
Hence Birkie, adj. abounding with birches (Jam.).
2. sb. pi. A coppice or small wood consisting chiefly of
birches.
Ayr. Come, let us spend the lightsome daj's In the Birksof Aber-
feldy. Burns Birks of Aberfeldy. n Yks.'
3. Comp. (i) Birk-besom, a birch broom; (2) -chats,
birch twigs, used for making brooms; (3) -rod, a birch
rod ; (4) -wine, wine made from the sap of the birch tree.
(i) Nhb,', e.Lan.' (21 Wm.' (3) Dur.', w.Yks.** (4) n.Lin.'
[With wegis schidit gan tlie birkis sound, Douglas
Eneados (1513) ed. 1874, iii. 20. ON. bj6rk, Da. birk ; cp,
OE. beorc (berc).]
BIRK, sb.^ Sc. [birk.] A youth, smart young fellow.
See Birkie, s6.'
Inv. Rarely used (H.E F.). Abd. See fat like a birk he is,
Alexander Johnny Gibb (1871') xx.xv. Per. (G.W.) Kcd. Nae a
non-intrusion birk Durst ventur' a reply. Grant Lays (1884) 57.
BIRK, f . Sc. To give a sharp answer, to converse in
a lively manner (Jam.).
BIRKED, pp. Yks. Birched, punished with a birch
rod.
w.Yks.' Bin gehring birk'd.
BIRKEN, adj. Sc. Nhb. [birkan.] Birch, made of
birch.
Sc. And he had passed the birken heugh, Jamieson Pop. Ballads
(1806) I. 198. Kcd. Farewell unto the Corby Pot, Where birken
boughs do hing, Jamie Muse (1844I 22. Frf. The broomy brae, . . .
An' birken shaw, May bloom their little lanely hour. Laing IVayside
Firs. (1846) 63. Ayr. By Ochtertyre grows the aik, On Yarrow
banks, the birken shaw. Burns Blythe was she. Lth. Sheltered
haughs, and birken braes, Macneill Poet, tl'ks. (i8oi~) 152, ed.
1856. Nhb. The mavis sings beside her birken nest, Coqiieldale
Sngs. (1852)96; Nhb.»
[Birkin bewis about boggis and wellis, Gawait &» Gal.
(c. 1450) I. 3 (Jam.). Birk, sb.'-i--«i (adj. suff. ).]
BIRKEN, sb. Wm. Dev. A boy's top made of birch
wood.
Wm.' Thine's nobbet an auld birken ! Dev.3 Sometimes called
pug-tops. [A^. & Q. (1853) ist S. viii. 63.]
BIRKIE, s6.' and rt(!)'. Sc. Nhb. Also written birky.
1. A lively, smart young fellow ; an active person.
Sc. I said you were a gey sharp birkie, Scott /?frfg. (1817) Lett,
xiii ; Johnny's grandfather was a gey stout birkie, Roy Horseman
(1895) i. Abd. But I like birky stood the brunt, Forbes Aja.v
(1742) 4 ; A set o' brave birkies, Ale.xander yo/ij/)iy Gibb (,1871)
xviii. Per. But thae young birkies gie oot 'at they see naebody
comin' in, Ian Maclaren Brier Bush U895) 204. Rnf. Sic young
birkies . . . Maun be resigned to tak' a share O' dule as weel as fun.
Young Pictures (1865 1 11. Ayr. But faith! the birkie wants a
manse, Burns Holy Fair (1785) st. 17. e.Lth. Twa candidates on
the short leet for the Pairish o' Snawdon — both birkies new aff
the ainis. Hunter /. Inwick (1895) 18. Gall. That's what auld
Airie gies to young birkies like you that come in graund coats,
Crockett Raiders ^1894; xviii. Nhb,'
BIRKIE
[272]
BIRN
2. A term of address in conversation ; 'old fellow.'
Sc. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) Abd. But tliinkna, birky, ye
are come to mock Fouk \vi 3'our jests, Shirrefs Poems (1790) 30;
Nae, birky, tak' a hearty snuff, Beatties Parings (1801) 18, ed.
1873. Ayr. Fareweel. auld birkie. Burns 7V«Y?«^/i(y, St. 5. Lnk.
Speke like yersell, auld birky, Rams.-\y Gentle Sliep. (1725) 45, ed.
1783-
3. adj. Sharp in speech ; lively, spirited.
Ayr. Kate being a nimble and birky thing, Galt Ann. Parish
(1821 1 iii ; In common use (J.F.).
BIRKIE, sb.'^ Sc. The card game of 'beggar-my-
neighbour.' Of this game there are said to be two kinds,
' king's birkie ' and ' common birkie ' (Jam.).
Sc. Bucklaw cared no more about riding the first horse . . .
than Craigengelt did about a game at birkie, Scott Bride of Lam.
(1819) xxii. Ayr. Not only whist and catch honours were to be
played, but even obstreperous birky itself, Galt Legatees (1820)
49 (Jam.). Edb. The old pack of cards . . . that the journeymen
tailors . . . used to play birkie with, Moir Mansie JVaiich i 1828) xxv.
BIRL, V. and sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks. [birl,
birsl.]
1. V. To make a noise like the rapid turning of a wheel ;
to twirl round, to spin.
Sc. Grannie ... is sitting birling at her wheel, Scott Blk.
Dwa)f(i8i6) iii ; A line of windmills birling in the breeze, Steven-
son Catriona 1,1892) xxii. Elg. The kettle birlin' ower the heat,
Tester Pof»/s: 1865; 156. Abd. To 'birl' money is used with special
ref to deciding a course of action by tossing up a coin (H.E.F.).
Fif. I was never consulted abcot the journey, but sent birlin' like
a bool frae the cradle to the grave, Robertson Provost (1894)
55. Lth. The squirrel . . . made its little mill birl round swiftly,
Strathesk More Bits (1885) 14. Edb. The goodwife with her
right foot birls round the spinning wheel, MoiR Mansie Waiich
(1828) 234, ed. 1868. N.I.I, Uls. (M.B.-S.) Ant. Birl it round,
Ballyniena Obs. (1892"!. s.Dor. Simmons Gl. (1890). N.Cy.' Nhb.
Just where the stream gaes birlin', Coqiieidale Sngs. (1852) 122;
Nhb.i
Hence Birling-, ppl. adj. whirling with noise.
Elg. Leave a while The busy birlin' mill, Tester Poems (1865^
192. Kcd. Fae her fingers drapt the thread, An' ceased the birlin*
wheel, Grant Lavs', 1884^ 14. Gall. The brisk noon of a fine birling
day in May, Crockett Raiders (18941 xxii.
2. To move quickly, to hurry along, run about.
Elg. Jamie's awauk again, birlin' an' back again, Tester Poems
('1865)143. Edb. It's a cosy birth and one that gars the cappers birl
down, MoiR Mansie IVaiich (1828) xxvi. Gall. As fast as the
horses can birl, Crockett Raiders (1894) ''^'i'- Kcb. Time gaed
a-birlin the j-ears swiftly onward, Armstrong Ingleside (1890) 71 ;
Now through the air the auld boy [the devil] birl'd, Davidson
Seasons (nSg) 39. Cum. He's got to birlin' aboot wonderful
\x,(a. child learning to walk] (E.WiP.). w.Yks. (J.T.)
3. To spend money, esp. in phr. birl the bawbee, to make
the money fly ; to gamble or spend in drink.
Sc. Ilk lad his lass he brings His odd bawbees to birl, A. Scorr
Poems (1808 84; She gart mc birle my bawbee, Herd Sngs.
(1776) II. 18. Ayr. It's no for courtesy o' causey clash he'sbirlin'
his mouldy pennies, Galt Entail (1823) Ixxxiii ; No that I mind
to birl my bawbee at a time, ib. Sir A. Wylie (1822) xxviii. Gall.
(A.'W.)
4. sb. A whirring sound ; a rapid twist or turn.
Sc. Bang goes a guinea wi' a birl, Tweeddale il/q^(i895) 18.
Ant. Gie it two or three birls, Batlymena Obs. (1892). Cum.'
S.V. Dirl.
BIRLE, V. Sc. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Glo. (?) Also
written birl Sc. Yks. Lan.' ne.Lan.'; burl Sc. w.Yks.'
Glo. [birl, bsl.]
1. To pour out liquor, to pass round, to ply with drink.
Sc. Your bucks that birl the forain berry, Skinner Poems{,i&og)
94 ; She birled him with the ale and wine, Scorr Minstrelsy (i&o-i)
!'• 45 (Jam.). Edb. Birling the tankard round the table, MoiR
Mansie IVanch (1828) xxiii. Cum. Brewer (1870"). Wra. Birl
these chaps a drop o' yal oot (B.K.). w.Yks. (S.P.U.) ; Ah'll birl
a glass o' ale for misen. Still verj- common in Wilsdeii, Leeds Merc.
Siippl. (Oct. 10, 1891) ; Burl that spiced alerahnd, Yksman. {lQ■]6^
121, col. 2: w.Yks.' ; w.Yks.2 Come, lass, birle out fale. Lan.
Then he'd ha burled th' ale abeav.t, Standing Echoes (1885. 22;
Lan.', ne.Lan.' Glo. He told me to burl out the beer, as he was
in a hurry, and 1 burled out a glass and gave it him, N. & Q.
(1851) ist S. iii. 204.
2. To drink hard, to carouse.
Sc. He gaed down to birl it awa' at their bonnie bottle, Scott
St. Ronan 1,1824) iii; There we sat birling till I had a fair tappit
hen under my belt, ib. Guy M. (1815) xxxix ; They've been birling
the bree, Cobban Andaman (18951 xl. Fif. He sat him down to
birl and quaff, Tennant Papistry (1827") 103. Cum.^ When they
were at the supper set An' birlin" at the wine, 166.
Hence (i) Birler, sb. the master of the revels, who
presides at a feast, esp. at a 'bidden-wedding' ; (2) Birling,
vbl. sb. a feast, a carousal.
(li Cum. A'. £f^ O. ', 1851) ist S.iii. 204 ; Brockett Gl. ; Boucher
Prov. Gl. (1852). ne.Lan.' (2) Sc. We are no ganging to the
Laird's but to a blithe birling at the Brokenburnfoot, Scorr Redg.
(1824) Lett, xi ; An house of entertainment where there has
been mony a blithe birling, ib. Bride of Lam. (1819) xxiii.
[To birle, promere, hattrire. Levins Maiiip. (1570) ; To
byrle, propinare, viiscere, Cath. Angl. (1483) ; Y took the
cuppe . . . and Y birlide to alle folkis, Wvclif (1388) Jcr.
xxv. 17: To birrlenn firrst te swete win. Onntilnin. 15418.
OE. byrhaii, to pour out, to give to drink ; hence ON.
byrla.]
BIRLIE-MAN, sb. Obs. or obsol. Sc. Yks- Lan. Chs.
Lin. Also written burley- Chs.'; burly- Lan.' n.Lin.' ;
byrley- w.Yks.^ A petty officer appointed at a court-leet
to settle local disputes, &c. See also below.
Sc. Grose (1790) MS. add. {C.\ ; No fit to be a birlieman, let be
a bailie, Scott IVaverlcy (1814) xlii. Abd. Birley men chosen by
themselves, Alexander A'o/rs n/;rfSif/c//f5 (1877) 13. Per., Arg.
A sworn valuator emplo\'ed to value houses, &:c. at the beginning
and end of a lease (HE.F.^. w.Yks. ^ Obs. Lan. D.wies Races
(1856) 228 ; Lan.i Chs. (K.) ; Chs.' In cases of damage caused
by cattle trespassing, the burley-men would very often be called
in to assess the damage. n.Lin.' Obs.
[Nos hodie birlaw courtis & birlawmen dicimus, Spel-
MAN (1687) s. V. Bellagiiies ; Byrleymen ellected by the
bealyffe and jury for this present yeare 1626 are. Sec,
Hobnesficld Court Rolls (w.Yks.^ 300). A comp. oi bvrlaw,
the local custom or 'law' of a township; also, a district
having its own 'byrlaw^ court. Byrlant is of Norse
origin, and repr. ON. byjar-log, the law of a ' by ' or
township.]
BIRLIN, sb. Sc. (Jam.) A small cake made of barley
or oatmeal.
BIRMINGHAM SYSTEM, />/»-. Midi. A benefit fund,
the balance of which is divided at the end of every year
among the contributors. Called also Slate-club system.
[G/. Lab. (1894).]
BIRN, 5i.' and v. Sc. Irel. Nhb. [birn.]
1. sb. A burnt mark, esp. a mark burnt on the noses of
sheep to identify them.
Sc. The lambs. , . receive the artificial mark . . . the farmer's initial,
stamped upon the nose with a hot iron, provincially designed the
birn, Agric. Snrv. Peb. 191 (Jam.). Slk. Ere with rebellious birn
I brand thee, HoGG Queer Bk. (1832) 293. n.Cy. Border Gl.
{Coll. L.L.B.)
2. pi. The charred stems of burnt heather, which remain
after the smaller twigs are consumed.
Sc. We hae ... A poor life o't amang the bent an' birns, A. Scott
Fo(r)»5 ( 1 808 I 158; The dark heather birns here and there jutted
out grim and weird, Ochiltree Rcdbtirn (1895) xxiii. Abd. She
had at least to gang Through birns, and pikes, and sciabs and
heather lang, Ross Helenore (1768^ 26. ed. 1812. Lnk. Nae birns
or briers or whins e'er troubled me, Ramsay Gentle Sliep. (1725)
54, ed. 1783. Nhb.l
Hence Birny, adj. covered with the steins of burnt
heather.
Kcb. O'er dykes and birny fells They scour upo' the scent,
Davidson 5frtso«5 (1789) 4. Nhb.'
3. The withered stems of garden or other plants.
Ant. Grose (1790) MS. add. i C.)
Hence Birny, adj. Of plants : having rough or stunted
stems.
Ltb. (Jam.I
4. A dry heathy pasture reserved for young lambs after
they are weaned.
Lth,, Rxb. Lambs after weaning are sent to a heathy pasture,
called the birn, Agric. Snrv. 192 (Jam.).
BIRN
[273]
BIRSLE
5. V. To put lambs on a poor dry pasture.
s.Sc. Lambs are frcq. sent to poor pasture, which is called
birning them, Agric. Siirv. Peb. 396 (Jam.) ; \o^tio Annals Agric.
(1784-1815).
BIRN, sb.^ Sc. The labia pudenda of a cow (Jam.).
[Conn. w. burn, vb. (' ardere '). Cp. G. bniiift, conn. w.
broinen.^
BIRN, sb.^ Sc. [bim.] A burden, a load, esp. one
carried on the back. See Burn.
Bch. I'll gie his birn a hitch an' help To ease him o' his pain,
Poems in Bitchan Dial. (1785) 32 (Jam.). Abd. Frae Scottish
bardie lift a birn, Still Coltars Sunday (1845) 170; She's hanie
fae the wids wi' a gey birn o' sticks on her back (W. M.) ; My
birn, O Bess, has got an unco lift, Shirrefs Poems (1790) 84 ; It
liftit a birn aflf o' 'er min', Alexander _/o/i)i>(y Gibb (1871) xliv.
BIRN, vbl. sb. Nhp. A borrowing.
Nhp.^ If you go a birn you go a sirn, i.e. if you go a borrowing
you go a sorrowing.
[A pron. of lit. E. borrowing.^
BIRN, see Skin.
BIRR, sb. Sc. Irel. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Der. Also written beer Chs.'^; bar Lan.'Chs.'^; berr
Lan. nw.Der.'; bir Sc. Cum. e.Lan.' Chs.'^; birre w.Yks.^*
Chs.'^ ; bur Cum. s.Chs.' [bir, bar, ba{r).]
1. Force, impetus, energy ; vigour, violence, passion.
Sc. The congregation sang them with such ' birr and go,'
Dickson Atild Precentor (ed. 1894) 28. Sh.I. It wid pirvok a sant
An set him in a birr. Burgess Rasmie (1892) 45. Fif. Frae his
wicket Wi' ternble fierce birr he licket,'rENNANT Pafiislry (1827)
13. Ayr. A chaise in full birr came upon her and knocked lier
down, Galt Provost (1822I xv ; Then steer thro' life wi' birr an'
vigour, SiLLAR Poems (1789I 56. Edb. And awey down, in full
birr, to the Duke's gate, MoiR Mansic Wauch (1828) viii. Gall.
She had the birr and go of twenty in her, Crockett Stickit Min.
(1893 253. n.Yks.'3 w.Yks. /.(vrfii/ov. 5;r/>/>/. Sept. 19, 1891);
w.Yks.* Lan. I punch'd ut dur weh aw th' bcr in meh, Butter-
worth Sequel 18191 10 ; Lan ' Thae's knockt th' breath eawt o'
me, welly ! Thae'd no need to come i' sich a ber ! Waugh Otvd
Blanket {iS6-]) n. e.Lan.> Chs. (K.) ; Chs.' 23 s.Chs.i Ey kiim
wi sich" u buur ugy'en' mi, dhun ey faer took mi breth of mi [Hey
come wi' sich a bur agen me, than hey fair took my breath off mej.
nw.Der.^
2. The space a person runs in order to take a leap ; esp.
in phr. to lake birr, a run-birr-jiimp, a leap taken after a
cjuick run.
Dur. (K.) Cum., Wm. A runner's burloup [jump]is very diflferent
from a standing one (M. P.). w.Yks. Hutton Totir to Crtffs (1781);
vir.Yks.2 Lan. Grose 1 1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Davies Races (1856)
226. Chs. Ray(i69i); I took a run a bir jump (E.M.G.) ; Chs."^^^
Der.', nw.Der.'
3. A rapid whirling motion; the sound produced thereby.
Sc. He was the best curler in the parish. . . . With what a birr
he made it [stone] flee from his hand along the ice, Whitehead
Z)(i/i'Z)«iw (1876) 266, ed, 1894; Thewell known birr of shuttles,
Cobban Andaman (1895 1 iv. Per. O' the sounds o' love and joy.
There's nane sac pleasant as the birr o' Scotland's spinnin'-
wheel, NicoLL PofjHS (1837)82, ed. 1843. Ayr. The wind blew such
a pith and birr. Galt ^Jh«. PnmA ^1821) iii. N.Cy.', Cum.' Wm.
Ferguson A'o>//»HfK (1856) 170. v. Yks. Hl/x. IVds.; w.Yks.^
4. Confusion, turmoil.
Ant. They'reinaquare birabootsomethin',B(j//)'»if«aOi5. (1892);
In common use (W.J.K.).
[1. Lo in a greet birre, al the droue wente heedlinge
in to the see, Wyclik (1380) Matt. viii. 32. 2. II recule
pour mieux saulter, He goes back to take bur, or to leap
the better, Cotgr. (s. v. Saiiller). ON. byrr, a favourable
wind ; so Norw. dial, byr (Aask.n), Sw. dial. bOr-viiid, wind
to grind with (Rietz).]
BIRR, f. Sc. Nlib. [bir.] To make a whirring noise ;
to move rapidly, to bustle, act with energy.
Elg. Loud birrs the wheel, Coufer lottrijications (1803) 81.
Abd. The guidwife sat birrin at the wheel, Gtiidnmn (18731 45, ed.
1875. ^^- T''^ burghers' tongues were set a-birrin', Te.nnant
Papistry (1827) 13. Edb. The wild partridges . . . birring their
wings with fright, MoiR Maixsie Wauch U828) xxii. Nhb.'
Hence (i) Birring, />/>/. adj. humming, whirring; (2)
Birringly, adv. with vigour, hurry.
(i) Per. Listenin' to the birrin* soun' o' Scotland's spinnin'-whccl,
NicoLL PocHis (1837) Co, ed. 1843. Rnf. 1 like to hear . . . The
VOL. I.
birring o' the pirn, Allan Poems (1836) 113. Ayr. I trow Girzy
gars them keep a trig house and a birring wheel, Galt Entail 1823)
vii. (a) Fif. But at ilk door . . . They birringly did bicker, Tennast
Papistry (1827) 208.
BIRS, sb. Rxb. (Jam.) The gadHy.
[A n. pron. of brizse, lit. E. breeze. Tahon, a brizze,
brimsee, gadbee, Cotgr. OE. brinsa.]
BIRSE, sb.^ and i'.' Sc. Irel. Nhb. [birs.]
1. sb. A bristle, hair, plume ; a hair twisted on to the
wax thread used in sewing leather.
Sc. The souter gae his sou a kiss. ' Grumph ' (quo' the sou), 'it's
for my birse,' Souter and his Sow in A'. & Q. (1871 4th S. vii. 361.
S. & Ork.i MS. add. Rnf. Like the birses on a sow, Barr Puems
(1861) 33. Ayr. An' tirl the hallions to the birses. Burns To
Beehebub (1790). Lth. A wee cockit hat on't like the birse on a
yeomanry man's helmet, Strathesk jl/o>< /Jifc 11885) 182. N.I.l
Nhb. [His hairs] rise like the birses of a hurcheon, Richardson
Bordcre/s Tabte-bk. (18461 VIL 137 ; Nhb.>
Hence Birsy, (i) adj. of the weather: keen, bleak,
sharp ; (2) adv. bristly, with hair standing on end ; (3) sb.
a nickname for a pig.
(il n.Sc. A birssy day (Jam.). (2) Fif. Their scalps, that birsy
stood, Garr'd prinkle ilka hair, Tennant Papistry {182-;) 178. N.I.'
(3) S. & Ork.» MS. add.
2. Fiff. Temper, anger.
Sc. He wad set up tother's birse, Scott Antiquary (r8i6) xxi.
Per. The man disna live 'at can beat the doctor when his birse is
up, Ian Maclaren Auld Lang Syne (1895) 95, Ayr. He could
not resist the temptation of setting up the birses of amity. Gait
Sir A. IVylie (1822) ii. e.Ltli. I didna say that to Gcordie, no
wantin to set up his birse. Hunter /. Inwick (1895) 40. Edb. Not
a little surprised to see my birse up in this manner. Moir Mansie
U'auch (1828 I xviii. Slk. My birses being up, faith, I challenged
him.CHR. North Koctesied. 18561 II. 175. Gall.- Veesitor, quo' she!'
says John, with his birses up in a moment, Crockett Stickit Min.
(1893) 128. Nhb.'
3. V. To bristle, 7?^. to ' flare up,' get angry.
Edb. * Haivers,' said Nanse, birsing up like a cat before a colley,
Moir Mansie Wauch (1828) xxvi. Gall. (A.W.)
[The bustuus swyne . . . Standis at the bay, and vp hys
byrsis settis, Douglas Eiieados (1513) ed. 1874, 111. 335.
OE. byrst, a bristle.]
BIRSE, v.'^ and sb.'^ Sc. n.Cy. Also written birze S. &
Ork.* [birs, birz.]
1. V. To bruise, to crush.
Sc. Birzing the saft rope between the neb of it and a crunkled
jag o' stane, Stevenson Catriona (1892) xv. Ayr. My lug's bii zed
black and blue, GaltSiV A. JV'ylie (1822) v ; We were both birzing
the sugar, ib. Provost (18221 xlvii. n.Cy. Border Gl. {Coll. L. L.B.)
Hence Birsed, //>/. adj. bruised, crushed by a blow.
Slk. Like a heap o' bashed and birzcd paddocks, Chr. North
A'oc/«(ed. 1856) III. 16.
2. To press, squeeze; to push, force.
S. & Ork.' MS. add. Elg. Gie ye some hints hoc to birze thro'
the warl'. Tester Poems 118651 107. Abd. Kisses upon her
he birs'd on anew, Ross Helenore (1768) 8g, ed. 1812; Captain
Anderson tried to birze throu', Alexander /oAHHyCiAi (1871) xviii;
He birzed the cork in wi' his thoom. Dinna birze sae hard or
ye'll brak the gless (W.M.\
3. sb. A bruise, contusion ; pressure, esp. that of a crowd.
Sc. We had an awfu' birse (Jam.). Ayr. A doctor to a bit l)irz
that I'll soon nobea prin the wauro't, Galt S/VW. IVylie 1822 ciii.
[His sovir armour ... Is brokkyn and byrsit with Icill
stonys cast, Douglas Eiieados (1513) ed. 1874, iii. 269. A
pron. o{ bn'.:-!, ME. bn'seii, OE. brysaii, to crush.]
BIRSE, .si.^ Nhb. A triangular chisel used to square
out mortice holes. N.Cy.', Nhb.'
BIRSIE, 5*. and adj Sc. [birsi.]
1. sb. An impertinent, forward child. Cf. bairse, adj.
s.Sc. (W.II.H.) Ayr. In common use (J.F.).
2. adj. Hot-tempered, passionate.
Per. The Lumsdcns were a set o' roch birsie headit deevils
(G.W.). Ayr. In common use iJ.F.).
[Prob. a comp. o{ birse, sb.' + -»e (->')■]
BIRSLE, V. and sb. Sc. Nhb. [birsl.]
1. J'. To toast, scorch ; to crackle with heat. Also
used /ig.
Sc. Wi' prickin' pride that their vain hearts had birsled, Allan
N n
BIRST
[274]
BISHOP
Lilts (1874) 67 ; There's a fire in the parlour would birsel a juke
as cheugh as ben-leather, Tweeddale Moff (i8g6) 188. Bnff.'
Will the corn lead the day ? — Oo, i, it's jist birslin'. Abd. Ye've
been birslin yershins langaneuch, Alexander Johiuiy Gibb ( 1871 )
XV. Rnf. Nae rowsin' peat fire on the floor Tae sit by an' birsle
my taes, Neilson Poems (1877) 23. Nhb.i
Hence (il Birsled, ppl. adj. dried, scorched by fire or
sun; (2) Birsling, />/>/. adj. scorching, drying.
(,1 1 Ayr. You stotted yoursel' out o' the room Uke a birsled pea,
Galt Sir a. IVylie (1822^ Ixiii. Lnk. My wee bundle . . . stotted
like a birsled pea into the lap o' a quiet . . . woman. Fraser
Zf7;rt;//>s ! 1895) xv. Nhb.^ (21 n.Sc. A nice birslin win', it'll seen
dry up the grun (W.G.). Kcb. Wi the birslin beams o' light,
Davidson Seasons (1789) 59.
2. sb. A thorough warming.
Bnff.i Sit doon afore the fire, and gee't a gueede birsle.
[1. How feill echirris (ears) of corn thik growing, Wyth
the new sonnys heit byrsyllit, Douglas Eiieados (1513)
ed. 1874, III. 133.]
BIRST, sb. and v. Sc. Cum. [birst.] .
1. sb. Difficulty, emergency ; an attack, battle, fight. See
Burst.
Sc. Alang wi' you the birst to dree, A. Scott Poems 1805) 145
(Jam.). Bwk. Ye ne'er could wrang her at ony birst, Henderson
Pop. Rhymes (1856) 75. N.Cy.' I'll bide the birst. Cum. Thou
was aye gude at a birst, Gilpin Sags. (1866) 485.
2. An exertion beyond one's strength having evil con-
sequences.
Bnff.^ He got a birst last hairst, an' he hiz an cowrt it yet.
3. Convulsive weeping.
Bnfif.l The lassie geed oot wee a birst o' greetin fin she wiz
gain' awa,
4. i<. To weep convulsively. Abd. (Jam.)
BIRTH, sb. Or.I. A current in the sea caused by
a furious tide, but taking a different course from it.
Or.I. Notwithstanding the rapidity of these tides and births, the
inhabitants travel from isle to isle ... in their little cock-boats or
yoals, Wallace O/tiiev (1700) 7 (Jam.). S. & Ork.l
BIRTHDAY-CAKE, sb. e.Yks.' A cake peculiar to
e.Holderness, made of alternate layers of paste and
currants.
BIRTHY, adj Sc. (Jam.) Irel. Nhb. Also written
berthy Nhb.' Numerous; productive, prolific, fruitful.
Sc. The last j-ear's crop . . . was not birthie, Law Mem. (1680')
159. N.I.' Them beans is very birthy. Ant. Birthy potatoes ; a kind
that has a good number of tubers at each stalk, Biiliymena Obs.
(1892 I. Nhb.i Applied to land.
[Birlh + -y.]
BIRTLE, sb. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Chs. Also written
burtle N.Cy.2 Nhb. Yks. [bi rtl, batl.] A summer eating-
apple or sweeting.
N.Cy.= Nhb. Grose (1790). Du-.', Yks. (K.), w.Yks.'^, Chs.'^
Hence Birtlin, sb. a small, sweet summer apple. Cum.'
[A burtle, a sweeting, Bailey (1721) ; A birtylle, Ttialo-
ntellmn ; a birtylle tre, nialoinellus, Cath. Angl. (1483).]
BIRTLE, adj. e.An.' Brittle.
BISCAKE.si. Irel. Shr. Glo. Nrf. Suf. Dev. [biskSk ]
A biscuit.
N.I.', Shr.l Glo. Grose ^1790) MS. add. (H.) Nrf. She begins
to crump up a bis cake (W.R.E.). Snf. (F.H.) n.Dev. Grose
(1790) il/S. add. iH.)
[A contam. oi biscuit w. cake.'\
BISCUIT, sb."- Sc. e.Yks. Ken. Sus.
1. A small, round loaf, baked in a shallow cylindrical tin.
e.Yks. Hoo mich bread ha' ye baked? — Oh, three loaves and
a lot of biscuits 1 R.S. 1 ; e.Yks.'
2. Cake of any kind.
Per. A small, round cake of flour ; seldom of oatmeal (G W.).
Ken. Used on the borders of Sus. {P. iVI.) Sus. Even a large
Christmas cake is called biscuit at Eastbourne and Brighton, Ellis
/VoH««c. (1889) "V. 134; Sus.' A plum biscuit, or a seed biscuit;
Sus.*
BISCUITiS, sb.^ (i) Geraniittn roberiianitm, wild
geranium (Dev.); (2) the root of Poteidilla turmeiililla,
tormentil (Irel.).
(I) s.Dev. (E.W.C.) (2) N.I.' Called also 'tormenting root.'
BISEN, see Bysen.
BISGY, sb. Som. Dev. Also written bisgee Som.
[bi zgi, w.Som. bazgi.] A tool for rooting, consisting of
a combination of a heavy mattock and small axe. Called
also Visgy, Two-bail.
Som. Jennings Ofo. Dial. w.Eiig. 11825); W. & J. G/. (1873).
w.Som.' Dev. I zim I chell be vocedtii use tha bisgy tii 'at thews
clats abroad wi', Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892/ 143.
[In ME. a double-edged axe. On ech shulder of Steele
a besagew, Partonope (c. 1440) 1936. Fr. besagne, a double-
tongued mattock (Cotgr.). See Hatzfeld (s v. besaigue).\
BISHED, pp. Nhp. Wor. In phr. to be bished, to be con-
firmed. See Bishop, v.
Nhp. (A.C.) 'Wor. (W.B.) s.Wor. PoRSON Quaint Wds.
(1875 20.
BISHIMER, sb. e.An. The ant.
e.An.' Nrf. Cozens- Hardy Broad Nrf . (1893) 62.
[A pron. of pis»iire.]
BISHOP, sb. 'Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
1. In phr. t/ie bis/top has put his foot in it, of milk or
porridge : burnt to the pan in boiling ; the bishop's foot,
a taste of burning.
Sc. The good old man . . . detected the bishop's foot in the first
course and died of a broken heart, Chr. North Recreations (ed.
1868)11.182. n.Cy. Grose (1790) .(»/S. a(/rf. (H.); N.Cy .1 Yks.
(F.H.). n.Yiis. (E.L.), w.Yks.^, Der.i, Nhp.', 'War.a Shr.' Used
by old people in w.Shr. Sus., Hmp. Holloway.
2. Co;«/i. in plant-names : (i) Bishop's-thumb, a variety
of pear (w.Yks." w.Som.') ; (2) -weed, (a) Aegopodiiim
podagraria, goutweed ( n.Irel. Dor.); (b) Mentha aqiiatica,
hairy mint (Hmp.') ; (3) -wig, Arabis alpiiia, white arabis
(Chs.); (4) -wort, (a) Mentha aquatica (Hmp. Wil.) ; {b)
Nigella dainascena, love in a mist (Cmb.).
(2, a) Dor. (G.E.D.) (3) Chs.' The white masses [are] supposed
to resemble the old-fashioned powdered wigs worn by bishops.
(3, a) Hmp. Bishop-wort, one of the mints from which the peasant
makes his 'hum-water,' Wise New Forest ^1883 i65. s.Hmp.
Tommy's just crazy wi' the colic. . . . Could ye gi'e her a pinch of
bishopswort, for to make humwater ? Verney L. Lisle (1870) x.
WiL' Used on the border of Hmp.
3. In insect- and fish-names : (i)the lady-bird, Cocinelki
septem punctata, called also Bishop Barnabee, q.v. ; (2)
a night moth, called also a MUler ; (3) the fish Coitus
scorpius.
(i) e.An. Ray (1691). s.Cy. Ray(i69i) ; Grose(i79o). Sns.2
[(K.)] (2) s.Wxf. (Hall.) ; P.J.M.) (3) Cor.'*
4. From a bishop's apron : an apron or pinafore ; a
child's over-all.
w.Yks. Hlf.r. JI'ds. ; Hoo con put hur bishop on hursel. Hoo's
a big wench i' bishops (D.L.) ; (B.K.) Lan. Use't to wear white
bishops, Brierley Layrock (1864) iii ; Mother she'd set an cry
until th' babby's bishop wur wet through, Burnett Hawortlis
(1887) xl; Lan.' Here; take him. an' wcsh him; an' put him
a clen bishop on, Waugh Cliimn. Corner in Manch. Critic (,Mar. 7,
1874 1. e.Lan.', Chs.'*
5. In comp. Bishop-string, an apron-string.
Lan. Starin' afther a wench's bishop-strings, Brierley Irkdale
(1865) 74, ed. 1868.
6. A piece of glue which is cut too large.
Nhb.' In making glue it is poured into trays to cool, then laid
on a table, where it is cut with an instrument, not unlike a bow,
having a brass wire as its string, into three pieces. When the
women by mistake cut only two, that which is double the size is
called a bishop, and doomed to be melted over again, Impartial
Hist, of Newc. (1801).
7. A twisted stick or withe used to bind a faggot.
Slang. Used at Winchester School (A.D.H.) ; Shadwell Wylie.
Slang. (1859-1864).
8. A cantankerous, peevish boy.
Lnk. A canker'd bishop (Jam). [Not known to our corre-
spondents]
9. A sweet drink, compounded of various ingredients.
w.Som.'
[1. Cp. TussER Hush. (1580) 108 : Blesse Cisley (good
mistris) that Bishop doth ban For burning the milke of hir
cheese to the pan.— Yf the podech be burned to, or the
rneate over rosted, we saye the bysshope hath put his fote
in the potte, or the bj'sshope hath playd the coke, because
the bysshopes burn who they lust and whosoever dis-
BISHOP
[275]
BIT
pleaseth them, Tindale Obedience of a Chrislen Man
(1528) fo. cxxx. 2. (2, a) Bishop's weed, aimiii, Coles
(1679); Ameos, Herb-WiUiam, Ameos, Ammi, Bull-wort,
Bishops-weed, Cotgr. 14, A) Gilh, Herb githcn. Bishops
wort, ' Nigella Romana,' Cotgr.]
BISHOP, V. Sc. and all n. counties to Chs. Stf. Der.
Lin. Also Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. Hrf. e.An. Som. Cor.
1. To administer the rite of confirmation.
Stf.i2 Lin. Brooke T'rac/s. 4. Lei.' Many a good couple would
consider themselves unworthy of the Christian privileges they
enjoy if the husband were not bribed at every election and the
wife bishopped at every confirmation, Cv". CoiTcsp. (1868 . Nhp. '2,
War. (J.R.W.) Slir.' 'Er wuz bishopped i' Sosebry a wik las'
Tuesday. Hrf.^, e.An.', Nrf.' w.Som.' Our Jim never wadn
a-bishoped. Cor.^ MS. add.
Hence Bishopping, sb. a confirmation.
Clis.!2 War.^ Are you going to the bishopping?
2. Of milk, &ic. : to burn in boiling. See Bishop, sb. \.
N.Cy.', Nlib.i Cum. T'poddish is bishop't, and fu' o' dozzels
(E.W.P.). Wm.i Its bishopto' ova heeap. Yks. Have an eye to
the milk, . . . for she canna stomach it if it's bishopped e'er so little,
Gaskell Sylvia (1863) I. jv ; The pudding 'ad boiled over in
t'oven, an' it was rather bishoped (F.P.T.). n.Yks. A'l & Q.
(1876) 5th S. V. 333. e.Yks.l w.Yks. ////v. IVds. ; w.Yks.'"
Lan.' Neaw, Mally. this is too bad ! Th' milk's bishopped again.
Chs.' Stf.2 Na, Sally, just keep yer eye on that milk ur yu'n 'ave
it bishopped. Der.^, nw.Der.', n.Lin.' Slir. Bound Pnv. (1876J ;
Shr.i
Hence Bishopped, ppl. adj. Of milk, &c. : burnt.
N.Cy.' Der. Bishopped milk, N. & Q. (1876} 5th S. v. 49. Shr.'
Obsol. A corrupted form, ' 'ishopped,' has been noted, but probably
it was an individual instance.
3. To conceal the signs of age in a horse by tampering
with its teeth, &c. In gen. use.
Yks. Knowlson Cattle Doctor (1834) 150. Slir.', Hrf.^, w.Som.'
Slang. Farmer.
4. To trim or furbish up any article so as to make it look
better than it really is.
w.Som. At a sale of farm implements a farmer remarked, ' They
be all a bishopped up wi' paint and putty — eens can't tell how old
they be (F.T.E.) ; w.Som.'
[L He . . . chose to bear The name of fool confirm'd and
bishop'd by the fair, Dryden Cyinon ( 1700) 243 ; (He) by-
cam a man of a mayde and tnelropolitamts, And baptisede,
and busshoppede, with the blode of hus herte, P. Plowman
(c.) XVIII. 268. OE. 6/scra/i/a«, to confirm as a bishop. 3.
Bishoping, a term amongst horse-coursers, which they
use for those sophistications they use to make an old
horse appear young, and a bad one good, Sportsman's Did.
(1785); so Bailey (1755).]
BISHOP BARNABEE, sb. e.An. Sus. Also written
Bishop Barnaby, — benebee, — benetree e.An.' ; —
barney Suf; bushy barnaby Suf ; bushey barney bee,
bushy bandy bee, bish-a barney bees Nrf The lady-
bird, Coccini'lla scptein punctata. See Barnabee.
e.An.' Nrf. When the Overstrand children catch one of these
insects they will let it go, saying, ' Bishop, Bishop Barnabee !
Tell me when your wedding be. If te be to-morrow day. Take
your wings and fly away,' Gurnev Nrf. IVds. (18551 ; Cozens-
Hardy Broad Nrf. (1893) 35; (E.M.) e.Suf. Flk-Lore Bee.
(1880) 'VIII. pt. i. 127. Suf.'- Sus.i Called also Lady-bug, Fly-
golding, or God Almighty's cow.
BISHOPRIC, sb. n.Cy. Dur. A name for the county
of Durham, the ' Bishopric' by way of eminence, as the
diocese of the Bishop Palatine.
N.Cy.' Dur.' More freq. used in common conversation by those
who are resident on the Yks. side of the Tees, as, ' He lives ow'r
i' Bishobrig.'
[The Bishopric Garland, or Durham Minstrel, ed.
Ritson (1784 1 Title-page; Mr. Greaves . . . danced at the
Assembly with a young lady from the Bishopric, Smollett
Sir L. Greaves (1762) iii (Dav.) ; Skinner (s.v. Blast) says,
' vox in Episcopatu Diinelm. usitata.']
BISHOP'S FINGER, phr. Obs.t Ken. A guide-
post.
Ken. Probably obs. (P.M.) ; Ken.' So called, because it shows the
right way, but does not go therein. [Grose (1790) MS. add. (P.)]
SISKINS, see Beestings.
BISKY, sb. Ken. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written biskey
Som. Cor.'* [bi'ski.] A biscuit.
Ken. HoLLowAY. Som. 'Er 'ont make useo' nothing but a bisky,
Jennings Dial. iv.Eng. (1869) ; Sweetbian IViiicaiikn: Gl. (1885).
w.Som.' Wuol ee av u bus'kee, muy dee'ur ? [will j'ou have
a biscuit, my dear?] nw.Dev.' Cor. Sich sour bread, and sich
ratten stinking biskies, Tregellas Talcs i 1860) 66, ed. 1865 ; Cor.*
[The pron. prob. due to the Fr. biscuit]
BISMAR, sb. n.Sc. Also written bissimar.
1. A steelyard, or similar instrument for weighing.
OrJ. The Bysmer is a lever or beam made of wood about
three feet long. . . . From the middle, all along the smallest end, it
is marked with small iron pins at unequal distances, which serve
to point out the weight, Barry Hint. (1805J an (Jam.); The
new factor is for making a change in the bismars and the lispunds,
Scott Pirate (1822) ix. S. & Ork.' Ags. Commonly used (Jam.%
2. Fig. The fifteen-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus
spinachia.
S. & Ork.' Or.I. The fifteen-spined stickleback is here de-
nominated the bismer, from the resemblance it is supposed to bear
to the weighing instrument of that name, Barry Hist. Orltney
1,1805! 289 Ua«0- [-Satchell (1879).]
[1. Norw. dial. fos/Hrtr, a Steelyard (Aasen); ON.bismari,
Sw. besman (Seremus).]
BISNINGS, sec Beestings.
BISON, see Bysen.
BISPELL, see By-spell.
BISSLINGS, see Beestings.
BISSOM, see Besom.
BISSON, adj. Obsol. or obs. Nhb. Lan. Der. Lin.
Shr. Nhp. Also in forms beesen N.Cy.' Nhb.' Lin. ;
bizzen Nhp.'; beezen N.Cy.' Nhb.'; bizened N.Cy.^;
boison'd Der.'; byzen Lan.' ; bison Nhb.
1. Blind.
N.Cy.'2 Nhb. Grose (1790); Nhb.> Lan.> All Englandshire'll
think at yoar glenting at toose fratching, byzen. cradduigly tykes,
Tim Bobbin Works (ed. 1750) 39. Der.' Lin. Obs. N. & Q. (1865)
3rd S. vii. 162 ; [K..) ; Beesen, Bison vcl Beezen. Caeais, vox agro
Lincoln, nsiiatissijua, Skinner (167 i) ; Lin.' Shr.' The poor ovvd
mon's aumust bisson.
2. Comp. Bizzen-blind, purblind. Nhp.'
[Thys mani.e was not purblynde, or a lyttle appayred
and decayed in syght, but as bysome as was possible to
be, Udall Paraphrases 0/ Erasmus 1 1551 ) I. fo. clxiii (Mark
viii. 22) ; Lamech . . . wur^ bisne, and haued a man ¥at
ledde him ofte. Gen. dr' E.x. (c. 1250) 472. ONhb. biscne.
Tuoege bisene vel blinde (duo cacci), Lind. Gosp. (c. 950)
Malt. ix. 27.]
BIST, see Beast.
BIT, sA.' and t'.' In var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also Colon, [bit]
1. sb. A morsel of food ; in phr. (i) bit and baid, (2) bits
and brat(s, food and clothing ; (3) bit and buffet, food and
blows ; (4) every bit and crumb. Jig. every morsel, entirely,
altogether ; (5; bit and drop, {6} bit and sup, a little to eat
and drink.
(i)Abd. Your honour winna miss our bit and baid, Ross
thicnore (1768) 124, ed. 1812. 2) e.Lth. We hae slaved plenty for
bit an' brat, Hunter /. Inwick (1895) 228. Nhb. Their bits and
brats are varry scant, Wilson Pilinan's Pay (1843'! 10; Nhb.'
(3] Sc. A fellow . . . who would take, according to Scottish phrase,
' the bit and the buflfet,' Scott Bnde of Lam. (1819 1 xxi ; Fate . . .
gies them their bit and buffet wi't, A. Scott Porw/s (iBii) 30 (Jam.).
Ayr. Dinna mak' j'our charity on the present a bit and a buffet
wit, Galt Lairds (1826) x.xx. n.Yks.'^ Ne'er give a bit And a
bulTct wi't. (4) Hmp. He is a good dog, everj- bit and crumb of
him, A^. & Q. (1854) ist S. x. 400; Hmp.' Dor. Every bit an'
crimp, Barnes Gl. (^1863) ; Dor.' w.Som.' Wee pikt aup iivuree
beet-n kreoin [we gathered up every morsel]. A very common
expression, applied to any substance, as hay, manure, seed, soil.
Also used in the abstract — I'd just zo zoon, every bit and crumb.
' 'Tis every bit and croom za bad as shutting a unvledged paadridge,'
Pulman Skctclics, 12. nw.Dev.' (51 Ayr. She had to work sore
for their bit and drap, Gp.\.t Annals ^1821 1 i. Dor. We could knock
in a bit and a drop. Hardy Madding Crowd {\9>-i^) vii ; Barnes
Gl. (1863") ; Dor.' 161 Kcd. Grudged a passin' bit an' sup, Grant
Lavs (1884") 46. Dmf. Her attention to yer wames, Wi' bit an' sup,
QtjiNN Linlie (1863J 37. Ir. Nor bit nor sup she'd had but a crust,
N n 2
BIT
[276]
BITCH
Barlow Bog land (1893) 60. e Yks.i MS. add. (T.H.) Not.i,
sw.Lin.i, Lei.', War.^ Glo. I'se had a bit and a sup mysel',
BucKMAN Darke's Sojourn (1890) x. s.Oxf. Never tasted bit nor
sup 'cep' a drop o' beer, Rosemary C/iiltems (1895) 119. Oxf.' MS.
add.
2. In //. Scraps of beef, liver, &c.
Cor.'^ Sold by the lump as ' bits ' for a ' false roast,' or a fry.
3. In pi. A herb resembling spinach, used for making
pies. Cor.^
4. A piece of money ; coin ; a threepenny piece.
Frf. They were known in Thrums as the Eleven and a Bits, that
being their price .nt Kj'owoivy's, Barrie 77<n(«(s(i889i 67. Lon.
Come out and see if we can't get a bit, Dy. News (Jan. 4, 1895) 3,
col. 7. w.Som.i U zik-spunee beet [a si.xpence]. Slang. To share
the spoil and grab the bit, Tout Crib's Memorial 11819) 37. [Can.
Only by great persuasion could we get one to take a bit (ten cents),
Roper Track (1891) xiv.]
5. Followed by of: used affectionately or in depreciation
of anything small or of little value ; a small quantity. In
geii. colloq. use.
N.I.' Bits of things, household furniture. Cum. A bit of a thing
sittan' drivan' a mawin' machine and twee horses 'at never could
ha swung a scythe (,M.P.) ; Oor bits o' bairns'll scraffle up,
Anderson Ballads (ed. 1808) 18. Wm.' A bit av a runt [animal].
n.Yks.2 Van's bits o' better cleeas. e.Yks.' w.Yks. Tha knows
we arn't bits o' childer, Hartley Taks, 2nd S. 19 ; I've hiard 'at
he's worth abito' summat (J.R.) ; They sell'd off ther bits o' traps,
Preston Yksnian. (,1880) 85. Lan. A bit ot a lad ! he'd lick thee
ony end up, Westall Bircli Dene (1889) II. 33. Not.' Lin.' We'd
six little mouths ta fill, . . . 'twer a bit on a pill [pull]. Lei.'
Hence Bitty, (r(^. Of water: containing small particles
of decayed wood from the pump. Chs.^
6. A short time or distance. In gen. use.
Abd. I saw her ... A wee bit there ayont the height, Shirrefs
Pocnts (1790) 287. Dmb. Best for me to get a bit oot o'his reach.
Cross Z)/sr/(/)//o« (1844) v. Uls. To put, or convoy you a bit, to
accompany (^M B.-S.!. Ker. There will be no more troubles for a
bit, Flk-Lore Jrn. ^^1885) III. 258. Nhb. Thoo's been gean a gey
bit, Clare Love of Lass (1890) I. 6 ; Nhb.', Dur.', Wm.' e.Yks.'
Hoo far is it tl Pathrinton ? — Oh! a good bit. A bit sin. w.Yks. Al'
gie thi' thi' beans in a bit, Prov. in Briglioiise Nezvs (July 20. 1889I ;
Yo'd a social tay i' t'new schooil a bit sin, B'i'WATER Slicimld Ann.
(1848) 22 ; w.Yks.' Lan. He's deeud a bit sin. Almond JVater-
cresses, 17; Lan.' I'm coming in a bit. e.Lan.' I will attend to the
matter in a bit. m.Lan.' Oxf.' A bit ago, 71/S. flrfrf. Brks.* w.Som.'
I on'yyeard o' it a bit agone. Dev. They awnly layved tha ouze a
bit-ago, Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892). w.Cor. He went a bra' [brave]
bit ago (M.A.C.).
7. Place, position, station.
So. May I never stir frae the bit, Scott St. Ronan (1824') xvi ;
But you are in the bit at last, Stevenson Catriona (1892) iv ; Come
back to yerauld bit. Swan Gates of Eden (ed. 18951 '■ '• He canna
Stan' in a bit (Jam.). Per. It 'ill keep ye in the bit for an 'oor,
Ian Maclaren Auld Lang Syne (1895") 254. Dmb. Ye've grown
rich while I havena been gaun out o' the bit, Cross Disruption
(1844") xviii. Gall. I thocht there was nae ill bits in London but
in the East-end. Crockett Bog-Myri/e (i8gs) 172., Kcb. The deil
. . . took him awa to the ill bit, Armstrong Ingleside (1890) 215.
Cum. Forth frae the bit they scry'd it furst, Stagg Misc. Poems
(1807) 41 ; I J. P.) ; Cum.' He's gittan poorish and pinch't to hod
his bit.
8. In phr. (i) Bits and bals, see Bat, sb.^, (2) bits and bobs,
odds and ends; (3) bit of blood, a horse, a thoroughbred ;
(4) bit on tlie top, to the full, with violence ; (5) to put the bit
of wood in the hole, to shut the door ; (6) on bit tack, work
done by the piece or by contract.
(r) w.Yks. Ahve sammed up a toathry oddments — bits an' bats
mi mother ud call em, Yks. IVkly Post tjune 7, 1896^ (2) War.^
Gather up your bits-and-bobs, and let me lay the tea. (31 Ir.
I had my bit of blood in the stable, Harrington Sketches 1 1830)
I. vii. (4' w.Yks. GfH. used in threats. Ah'll gi' thee't wi' t'bit o'
t'top, Leeds Merc. Siippl. (Oct. 10, iSgiV (5) Yks. (T.K.) (6'1
w.Yks. T'clock wor on bit tack, an t' watch never struck. Toddles'
Aim. (1875).
9. V. To mark a sheep by cutting a bit out of the ear.
Hence Bitted, ppl. adj. ear-marked.
Cum. Every shepherd's llock hes some variety in ear-marking;
... if we take a piece out of it, we say it is bitted, Cornh. Mag.
(Oct. 1890) 387 ; The common term 'J. A.).
BIT, s6.2 and v.^ Sc. Irel. Wm. Yks. Der. Lin. Shr.
e.An. Ken. Som. [bit.]
1. sb. The blade or working part of a metal tool or
instrument ; see also below.
N.I.' The bit of a key is the part that is cut to pass the wards of
the lock. Wm.' The blade of a joiner's plane. Der. A piece of
steel placed on the end of a borer, Mawe Mineral. ^1802) Gl.
n.Lin.' For one new bit for a key, 4^., Loutli Ch. Ace. ( 1644) 167.
Shr.' Blade of an agricultural shovel ; Shr.^ Ken. In a cart-horse
harness and plough harness the whole of the headgear is collectively
known as the bit. It would not be so used in respect of riding
or driving horses (P.M.). Som. The lower end of a poker, W. & J.
Gl. 11873). w.Som.* The tool used by tinmen and others for
soldering.
2. The conclusion, crisis ; 'point.'
Dmb. How did you find the money ? — That's the bit, man, that's
just the bit. Cross Disruption (1844) xxviii. e.L'.li. I aye said ye
wad turn upheids whan it cam to the bit, Hunter/. //jjcici (1895)
223. Ayr. The best wark-lume i' the house ... Is instant made no
worth a louse, Just at the bit, 'Bvrks Address to Deil {I^S^). Lnk.
Sin' you hae brocht me to the bit ... I will say — yes, Wardrop
Jolmny Ma/liicson {1S81) 13. N.I.i tHs. If it comes to the bit I
must do it (M.B.-S.). Ant. If it comes tae the bit a can list, Bally-
mena Obs. {i8g2). w.Yks. Willan its< fFrfs. (1811). e.An.' Ay,
ay, that will be the bit.
3. V. To put a new end to a poker.
Som. 'W. & J. Gl. (1873).
[1. Penneton d'un clef, the bit or neb of a key, Cotgr. ;
With the bit of his blade . . . He clefe hym to \& coler,
Dcst. Troy (c. 1400).]
BIT, adj. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. [bit]
1. Small ; freq. used as a term of endearment or of
contempt.
Sc. The bit prelatical sprig of divinity from the town yonder,
Scott St. Ronan \ 1824) ii ; I hope you are now settled in your ain
bit housie, Ramsay Remin. (1859) 98 ; In a bit scrag of wood,
Stevenson Catriona (1892) xi ; ' Bit ' is often intensified by the
addition of ' wee ' (A. W.). Bntf. This bit beastie. Smiles A'a/z/r.
(1879) II. 45. Abd. Yon bit lassie . . . can scarce help me \vi' a job,
IJeatties Parings (1813) 40. ed. 1873. Per. A bit lassie would bring
her book, Ian Maclaren Brier Bush (1895) 4. Ayr. Gie me a bit
drappie, Galt Legatees 1 1820) vi ; Some bit callan brings me news,
Burns To Mr. J. Kennedy. Edb. Another argument for my bring-
ing out my bit book at the present time, Moir Mansie IVauch
(1828)3. "-I""- Snug in his ain bit pack, Alexander Stumpic's
Brae. Myo. The bit lake is there still, Stoker Snake's Pass {iQt^i)
ii. N.Cy.' A bit bairn. Nhb. Thou's keep a bit shop, Midford
Poems (i8i8'i 15 ; Nhb.' Aa did what bit thing aa could for him.
Dur.' Cum. What a wee bit thing it is (E.W.P.) ; Cum.' Wm.
Sally an me help a bit whiles, S/^r. Z'lVz/. (1877) pt. i. 36 ; ; E.W.P.)
n.Yks. Gunpowder Plot t'bit bairns keep up, Tweddell Clcvel.
Rltvnics (^i&l^) 5. m.Yks.' T'bit bairns.
2' Short.
Nhb. Yen neet he gat a bit waak, Haldane Gcordy's Last (1878)
9; Nhb.' A bit twine.
BIT-BAT, sb. Lan. Chs. Shr. Also Cor. A bat,
vespeyiilio.
Lan. There v^'as petty warfare being carried on by * canary
buzzerts' and ' bit-bats," Brierley />-ia'«/« ^ 1868) iv ; [Near Man-
chester it was believed] that 'bit-bats' were generated from eggs
being sat upon by toads whilst in the process of hatching. N. ly Q.
(1870) 4th S. v. 370. Chs.'3, s.ChB.' Shr.' Called also Billy-bat.
w.Cor. A bit-bat has just flied over our heads (M.A.C.).
BITCH, sb."- Sc. Nhb. Yks. Som. [bitj.]
1. A term applied, with no disrespectful meaning, to a
woman or female animal.
n.Yks. That lass ez a sOci bitch. That cu iz a mischevous Od
bitch, shas olas breckin thru t'hedge (W.H.).
2. A term of contempt applied to a man.
Sc. Ay, Davie, ye're a queer character, ... a queer bitch after a',
Stevenson Catriona (1892) xi. Som. I can tell you, landlord is
a vast comical bitch. Fielding Tom Jones (1749) Bk. xvii. iii ;
Allworthy is a queer b — ch (Squire Western loq.), ib. Bk. vi. ii.
3. Comp. (i) Bitch-daughter, nightmare; (2) -fox, a
vixen ; (3) -nail, a holding-down nail for tram-plates, &c ,
having the point faced in the same line as the head, as
distinguished from the dog-nail or dog (q. v.) ; (4) -and-
pups, a mason's hammer, having one chisel inserted at
each end of its face.
BITCH
[277]
BITTERN
(i) w.Yks.i We consate shoe's ridden by th' bitch-doughter, ii.
291. (2 i w.Som.' We always say dog-fox and bitch-fox. v3, 4)
Nhb.l
BITCH, V. and sb^ Irel. Nhb. Chs. Not. [bit/.]
1. V. To spoil a piece of work.
Nhb.' Ycve bitched the hyel job. Chs.i ; Chs.^ He was that
stoopid he bitched the whole thing. Not. iJ.H.B.)
2. sb. Anything spoiled.
Ant. W.H.P.) Nlib.' Ye've myed a bitch on't.
BITCH, sb.^ Univ. Slang, [bitj.]
1. Tea.
Cmb. Make me some bitch directly. [Footnote. The word tea is
never used at Cambridge. It is always called bitch], Confessions
of a Cantab in Blackiv. Mag. (1824) XVI. 575.
2. Comp. Bitch-party, tea-party.
Oxf. The studious freshman goeth to a small bitch-party,
Whibley Cap and Gown (1889) 176 (Farmer).
BITCH, see Beche.
BITCH-WELP, adv. Bdf. Headlong.
Bdf. To fall bity [bitch] welp, Batchelor Anal. Eng. Lang.
(1809"! 125.
BITE. sb. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum Wm. Yks. Lan. Stf. Lin.
Hmp. Wil. Som. Dev. Slang, [bait.]
1. A mouthful, a small portion of food.
Abd. For days, mayhap, without a single bite, Ogg Willie IValy
(1873) 114. Lth. He ne'er took a meal but they baith gat a bite,
Ballantine Poems (1856) 36. Dur.' Cum. Nor a bite iv owt to
eat, RiCHAKDSON Talk ^1871) 43, ed. 1876; Cum.' He got a bite,
and then to wark he went. Wm. Left t'kye i t'hoous naarly a
heeal dae wioot a bite a owt ta it, Spec. Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 6 ; Wm.l
Tom's left mah wieoot a bite a bread i t'hoose. n.Yks.' Bestow
a bite of bread iv a puir aud chap. w.Yks.' nLin.^ I've nobbut
lied just a bite o' bread an' chease. s.Hmp. Youll have time to
take ycr bite «i' us, child, Verney L. Lisle (1870) x. Dev. Not
a bite will I eat, Baring-Gould Spider (1887) vii
2. In phr. bite aud sup, food and drink, a slight repast.
So. The puir creatures that had bite and soup at the castle,
Scott Bride of Lam. { 1819) xxiv. Gall. He is gone to the kitchen
for a bite-and-sup, CROCKt.TT Moss- Hags (1893) xxvii. Nhb. We'll
tak' bite and sup thegither, Clare Love of Lass (1890) I. 3. Cum.
He had noather bite nor sup in the house, Caine Hagar (1887J I.
277. n.Yks.' Ah hev'n't had nowther sup nor bite sen moorn ;
n Yks.2, e.Yks.' Lan. It'll be a bite and a sup for th' little 'uns,
Westall Birch Dene (1889) III. 34. Stf.i n.Lin.i I hev'nt had
aather bite or sup e' my husband's hoose for a twel'munth.
3. Pasturage, a good growth of grass.
e. Lin. A rare bit for a bullock (G.G.W. . n.Wil. The natural
tendency of these improvements is to get a good bite of grass in
the spring, Marshall Review (1818) II. 489. wSom.^ Dhur ul
zeo'n bee u geod buyt u graas een dhu guurt mee'ud [there will
soon be a good bite of grass in the great meadow]. nw.Dev.'
4. l~ig. A hoax, disappointment, cheat ; a sharper,
swindler.
Abd. Few but thought that she wad get the bite, Shirrefs Poems
(1790) 103. n.Yks.2 Slang. Is this wench an idiot, or a bite?
Fielding Miss Lucy (1742; III. 434, ed. 1784. Cant. Life B. M,
Carezv (1791) Gl.
5. Applied specifically to a Yorkshireman.
Dur. A Yorkshire bite is a common saying to caution any one
who is about to engage in transactions immediately south of the
Tees, Flk Lore Rcc. (1878) 174. Cum. Yorkshire beytesand Scotch
fwoak, Stagg Misc. Poems (1805) 135, ed. 1807. Yks. He's a
Yorkshire bite or I'm blowed, Fetherston Partner, 23. w.Yks.
T'lad at Leeds cuddant be called a Yorkshire bite when he put all
t'penny rowl into hiz maath at wunce, Tom Treddlehoyle Bairnsla
Ann. (1868) 26.
BITE, V. Irel. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Not. Lin. War.
Ess. Sus. Slang, [bait.]
1. To take food ; also in phr. bite and sup, to take food
and drink.
Wm. Yan mud a thowt et thae hedn't bitten fer a month. Spec.
Dial. (i868) 8; Wm.^ Yks. After the common salutation, the
question ' Will 3'ou bite?' or ' Will you sup!' is sure to follow,
Flk-Lore Pec. (1878) 175. n.Yks.' Ah've nivver sae mich as bitten
sen yestreen. n.Lin.' I ha'nt bitten a moothful sin' bra'fast. Heigh,
bud th' little taaties will bite and sup efter this [rain]. Ess. Stop
and bite with me, Baring-Gould Mchalah (1885) 53.
2. To smart, to tingle, to sting.
w.Yks. (J.T. 1, ne.Lan.' Sus.' Always used of bees (s.v. Spear).
Hence Biting-stick, sb. a very hot description of sugar-
stick. N.I.'
3. Fig. To vex, annoy.
Lin. Male habel vinim : It grieveth him. it biteth him. Bernard
Terence ',1629) 40. n.Lin.' He can't tell what end's cum'd to her,
it's that as bites him.
4. Of a sharp instrument : to cut, make an impression
on a hard substance. In gen. use.
n.Yks.' Chs.i It winna bite ; Chs.^
5. To hold fast ; to adhere by friction.
n.Yks. (I.W.) ; n.Yks.i, w.Yks. U-T) Not.' This screw is so
wore it won't bite. n.Lin.i
6. To cheat, swindle ; to deceive.
w.Yks. He'd bit a girt monny, but niwer bin bit, Dixon Sngs.
Eng. Peas. ^1846) 209, ed. 1857. Lan. That joiner bit me gradcly
wi' them doors, Doherty N. Barlow (1884; 20. War.^ I bote
[bought] it at the fair, but 1 wor clane bit. Cant. (P.R.) ; Farmer.
BITING-ON, sb. Yks. Lan. Der. [baitin-on.] Light
refreshment taken between meals, lunch.
w.Yks. He wor takken varry wamley for want ov a bit ov a
bitin' on. Hartley Dili. (1868) 104 ; Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Oct. 10,
i8gi) ; w.Yks.2 Lan.' I was to ask if ye would have some bread
an' cheese for a bitin'-on . . . till t'goose is ready, Waugh Jannock
(1875') ii. e.Lan.', m.Lan.', nw.Der.'
BITLACKS, sb. pi. Obsol. Sh.I. The teeth.
Sh.L i,K.I.) S. & Ork.l
BITLOCKS, s6. /■/. Obsol. or obs. Yka. Tongs. n.Yks.
(I.W.)
BITSEN, adj. Som. Used with adj. little.
w.Som. 1 Dhai bee uun-ee lee'dl beetseen dhingz.
[Little-bitsen is the adj. form of little bits. So a little-
bitsen thing is one likened to a portion ofan article smashed
to atoms. The suff. is the same as in luoudeii, leaden, glassen,
tinnen (F.T.E.).]
BITTAS, sb. Yks. The mark to be toed, the starting
point in leaping or playing. Also called Bittock.
w.Yks. (J.R.I; Common (M.F.).
BITTEN, adj. Sur. Sus. [bi tan.] Inclined to bite.
Sur.' Sus. They be wonderful bitten things, stoats, Gent. Mag.
(May. 1890J 469; Sus.i Mind that dog, he's terrible bitten.
[They (greyhounds) are of all dogs the sorest bitten,
and least amased with any crueltie in their enemie,
Markham Countrey Faniie (1616) 674.]
BITTEN, />/;r., lit. bit an. Yks. A kind of.
w.Yks. Ya get invited tull a bitten [ov] a spree, Hartley Clock
^/»;. (1874)5; (J-W.)
BITTER, adj. and adv. Wm. Yks. e.An. Cor. [bitar,
bita(r).]
1. adj. Spiteful.
n.Yks. He was as bitter as a hagworm [viper] (I.W.).
2. Fig. Great, excessive. Cf brave, cruel.
Cor. She's in bitter pain (M.A.C."1 ; Cor.' I said there would be
a bitter noise [scolding] when Missus know'd you'd brok [broken]
un [it] (s.v. Noise).
3. adv. Very, exceedingly.
Wm. Lonsdale Mag. (1821) II. 446 ; She was dressed up in her
bitter best, Briggs Remains (1825I 182. Cor. I gov' it to 'un
bitter [scolded him severely] (M. A. C.I ; Cor.' He's bitter cross this
morning. A bitter wet day ; Cor.^ Only in a bad sense.
Hence Bitterly, adv. excessively. Cf sweetly.
n.Yks. He treeap'd me doon bitterly at it was alee ^T.S.). e.An.' ;
e.An. 2 It rains bitterly.
[1. He sauce her with bitter words, Shaks. As You, hi.
V. 69. 3. 'Tis bitter cold. And I am sick at heart, ib.
Hamlet, I. i. 7 ; (A servant says) My Lady's bitter young
and gamesome. Gibber Doub. Gallant (172I} 1. Sp. 63
(N.E.D.).]
BITTER BANK, sb. Sc. The sand martin, Cottle
riparia. Also called Bitterie.
Rxb. SwAiNsoN Birds (1885 57.
BITTERBUMP, see Butterbump.
BITTERMENT, sb. Cum. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] Bitterness.
Cum. He's free frae aw this bitterment and scworn, Relph
Poems (1798) 6.
BITTERN, sb. Cor.* MS. add. The drainings from
pilchards which have been recently bulked.
BITTERSGALL
[278]
BLAADIT
BITTERSGALL, sb. Dev. The crab apple, Pynis
mains.
Dev. [Of a silly person :] He was born where th' bittersgalls da
grow, and one o'm vall d upon his head and made a zaate [soft]
place there, Pulman Sketches (1842) 79, ed. 1871 ; Obsol. (^R.P.C.)
fRepr. biller as gall.]
BITTERSWEET, sb. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lin. Nhp. War.
Brks. Hmp. Dor. Som. Dev.
1. In plant-names: (i) Spiraea iilinaria, meadow-sweet;
(2) Solaimm diilcaitiara, woody nightshade ; (3) bitter
apples, gen. used for cider.
(i) e.Yks.i (2j Nhb.i Called also Puzzen Barry. Cum. Nhp.*,
n.Lin.^ Som. A gurt braanch o' bitter-zweet, Leith Lemon Verbena
(iSgs) 100. (3) e.Yks.', w.Yks.* War. Wise S/iakespere (iSeO
97. Ken. (P.M.) Hmp. (J.R.W.) ; Hnip.> Dor. A good crop of
bitter-sweets, Hardy IVoodlandeis (1887) vi. w.Som.', nw.Dev.'
2. A spiteful thing done under pretence of friendliness.
Brks.i
BITTER-WEED, sb. Dev. Cor. A bad-tempered,
unruly, mischievous person.
Dev.^ 'Er"s a bitter-weed ef ivver there wuz wan. Cor.^
BITTEWREN, sb. Nrf. The bittern, Botaurus stel-
laris.
\rf. Cozens-Hardy Broad Nrf. (1893) 43.
BITTING- YARN, s6. Som. A small quantity of yarn
which a weaver uses to ' bit' or piece any broken threads
of the warp.
■w.Som.i If a thread breaks, it is too short to tie ; the weaver
must then insert a short length with two knots ; these short ends
he keeps read^-, and calls bitting-yarn [beefeen yaarn].
BlTTlSn, adj. Hmp. Wil. [bitij.] In advb. phr. a
bitlish, somewhat, rather.
Hmp.' A bittish wet. Wil.' 'Twer a bittish cowld isterday.
[Bit (adj.), q.v. -l--/s/;, as in coldish (rather cold).]
BITTLE, sb. Sus. [bi tl.]
1. A wooden milk-bowl. See Bittlin.
Sus. (M.B.-S.) ; Sus.1
2. Coinp. Bittle-battle, the game of stoolball.
Sus.' There is a tradition that this game was originally played
by the milk-maids with their milking-stools, which they used for
bats; but this word makes it more probable that the stool was the
wicket, and that it was defended with the bittle ; which would be
called the bittle bat.
\A der. w. suff. -el from OE. hytt, a leathern bottle ; cp.
ON. bytla, a pail ; Bremen bull (bittle), a water-bucket
(IVtbch.) ; MHG. biitle, a cask (Lexer).]
BITTLE, V. Dev. [bill.] Of a bulbous or tuberous
vegetable : to increase in size, to swell out.
Dev. They [onions] won't bittle unless you thin them out.
Reports Provinc. (1O84) 12; Said of onions, iv. Times (Mar. 5,
1886) 2, col. 2. n.Dev. It is applied only to such vegetables as
turnips, mangels, and onions; not to potatoes, parsnips, or carrots
(RP.C.
BITTLE, see Beetle.
BITTLIN, 56.' Chs. Der. [bi'tlin.] A milk-pail or
bowl. See Bittle, sb.
Chs.'^ Der. 'I am very wheamow' [nimble], quoth the old
woman, when she stepped into the middle of the bittlin, Grose
(1790) (s. V. Wheamow) ; Der.^, nw.Der.''
BITTLIN, sb.^ Der.^ A running from a calf-house.
BITTOCK, 56. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Also War. (?) [bitak.]
A small portion, a little bit.
Sc. The ' three mile ' diminished into * like a mile and a bittock,'
Scorr Guv M. (1815) i ; Ha'e you ony mair o't [a song]? — A wee
bittock, Gtenfergus (,1820) II. 160 (Jam.). Lnk. The field, a denty
bittock frae the hoose, Fraser IVhaups (1895) xiii. e.Lth. We'd
gaen mebbe anither mile an' a bittock. Hunter y. Inwick (1895)
41. GaU. A service of two hours and a bittock, Crockett Bog-
Myrtle (1895) 190. Nhb.i This end was just twa inches o're. And
that was sax and bittock more, Stuart yoio5«>-. Disc. (1688) 60.
Cum.' Twea meyl an' a bittock. s.Wsir.'
{Bit. sb.'-f -oc^, dim. sutf.]
BITTOR, sb. Chs. e.An. Also written bitour Nrf ;
bittore e.An.' [bi-t3(rj.] The bittern, Botaurus slel-
laris.
Chs.i ; Chs.3 Obs. e.An.i Nrf. Cozens Hardy Broad Nrf.
(1893) 5'-
[A bittour, ardca stcllaris, Coles (1679) ; As a bitore
bombleth in the myre, Chaucer C. T. d. 972. OFr. butor,
biistor, a bittern (Hatzfeld).]
BITY-TONGUE, sb. Cum. The plant Polygonum
liydropiper, water pepper.
BIURG, sb. S. & Ork.' A steep hill.
[Da. bjerg, ON. bjarg (Fritzner).]
BIV, prep. Nhb. Yks. Also written byv ne.Vks.'
[biv.] By ; used before a vowel or at the end of a
sentence.
Nhb. The props is tumblin one biv one, Oliver Local Stigs.
(1824) 8 ; Ivury yen hes a swurd biv his theegh, Robson Siig.
Sol. (1859) iii. 8 ; Nhb.' He steud bi the horse and held him bi the
heed, and he saa his fyece biv a lamp. n.Yks. Sheea was gahin'
alang biv hersel", Tweddell Ctevel. Rhymes (1875) 13; n.Yks.2
Nut biv yaw hawf. ne.Yks.' Nut byv o lang waay. e.Yks. Ah
ken it bivee-seet, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (^18891 94 ; e.Yks.' m.Yks.'
Thou's going to get called over t'rolls [called to account]. — Who
biv?
[By with V added bef. vowel to fill up hiatus.]
BIVE LAMB, phr. Ken. Sus. [Not known to our
correspondents.] A twin lamb.
Ken., Sus. N. & Q. (1850) 1st S. i. 474.
[Bive lambes at xvi'' the pece, Inventory (taken in Kent),
27 Hen. VIII, Michael" (1537) in N. &> Q. (1850) ist S.
i- 93]
BIZE, sb. Yks. [baiz.] A mark made on the ground
from which all competitors in a game start.
w.Yks. Put thi toa to t'bize, nut thi heel. Common in Wils-
den, Leeds Merc. Stippl. (Oct. 10, 1891).
BIZNING, see Beestings.
BIZON, see Bysen.
BIZZ, V. and sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Also written
bisse (Jam.), [biz.]
1. V. To buzz ; to fuss about or move with a disturb-
ing noise.
Sc. Here is all the town bizzing with a fine piece of work,
Stevenson Calrioiia (18921 xviii ; His soul wi' real gude doth bizz,
Allan /.i7/5(i874)63. Kcd.Some.. . bade them aye again sit down,
And nae about be bizzin', Jamie Muse (1844) 75. Rnf. May
Plenty's bees still thither bizz wi' hinny store. Young Piturcs
(18651 135. Lth. Thy squibs and pluffs . . . bizzin' amang lassies'
ruffs, Ballantine Poems (1856) 67. N.I.', N.Cy.' Nhb.' What's
the feyul bizzin aboot there for? Cum,'
Hence Bizzer, sb. a toy made of a circular piece of
metal, with two holes near the centre, through which
a double cord is passed, which when pulled makes
a buzzing noise. Nhb.'
2. sb. A buzz, a bustle.
Sc. The bizz o' the Schule, Donald Poems (1867" 62. Ayr. That
day, when in a bizz, . . . Ye did present j^our smoutie phiz. Burns
Address to Dcil (1785) St. 17. n.Cy. Border Gl. iColl. L.L.B.)
3. In phr. (i) to play hiss till, to be insufficient; (2) to
play or cry bizz off, to rebound ; (3) to take tlie biss, said
of cattle, when they run hither and thither; also xxseijig.
(i| Bnff.' Ha'e ye aneuch o' thaick t'thaick yir ruck? — It winna
play bizz till't. (2) ib. He gart the stehns cry bizz aff o' the coo's
rumple. (3) Lth. (Jam.) e.Lth. Somethin bein said that gart
them a' tak the bizz thegither. Hunter y. luiL'ick (1895) 123.
BIZZAM, see Besom.
BIZZEL, sb. Rxb. (Jam.) A hoop or ring round the
end of any tube.
[The same as lit. E. besel (mod. Fr. biseau). Bezell,
that part of a ring in which the stone is fixed, Ash
(1795)-]
LIZZIE, sb. S. & Ork.I. Litter for cattle; also in
camp, bizzi-fla.
Sh.I. [Coll. L.L.B.) Or.I. (Jam. Supply S. & Ork.'
[Prob. conn. w. Norw. dial, bysja, to strew the floor
with straw, leaves, or the like ; bus, litter (Aasen).]
BIZZUM, V. Der. [bi-zam.] To soak a leaky vessel
in water.
Der.^, nw.Der.'
BIZZUM, sec Besom.
BLAA, see Blae.
BLAAD, sec Blaud.
BLAADIT, ppl. ad]. Sc. 'Weakly.
Bnff. He's a puir blaadit bairn (W.G.)
BLAAGIT
[279]
BLACK
BLAAGIT, pp. S. & Ork.' Dead.
BLAAGIT, ppl. ailj. Sh.I. Spotted.
Sh.I. Tlie ground lias a blaagit look when covered partially with
snow, so that the earth shows through. A blaagit sheep is a
white sheep with black patches (K.I.1.
[Cp. Noi^v. dial, blaga (blaagaa), to gleam, to flash.]
BLAAT, see Blart.
BLAAYRE, see Blare.
BLAB, V.' and sb} In ffen. dial, use in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Also written blob e.Lan.' s.Clis.' Stf.'* War.
w.Wor.' Shr.i Glo.' Sur.' Sus.' [blab, blaeb.]
1. V. To chatter, to gossip ; to reveal secrets.
Sc. (Jam.I Lnk. He thocht if he was fa'n' 'Twad blab an' tell't,
Thomson Musings (1881) 119. Nhb.' Wm. He blabbed it o' oot
i' t'niiddle o't'church. Spec. Dial, i 1880) pt. ii. 32. Yks. Thou
blabbed out all the business before anybody could speak. Peel
Luddites (,1870) 83. w.Yks. I'm ower anxious to spoil t'game wi
blabbing, Dixon Craven Dales (1881) 345; A chap 'ud as sooin
think o' tellin hah mich brass he bed i' t'benk as blab t'password,
Yts. Wklv. Post (Aug. I, i8g6.) e.Lan.' s.Lan. Bamford Dial.
(1850). "Chs.i Dunna blab so. s.Chs.', Stf.' Not.' ; Not.^ Besure
and don't blab. n.Lin.', War.^ Slir.^ I'll tell yo' a saicrit, if yo'n
mind nod to blob. Brks.^ Bck. Ee wor alius one to blab, ee wor.
Ward Marcetla (1894) 229. Ess. Gl. (1851). Wil. Slow Gl.
(1892). Dor. She'll blab your most secret plans. Hardy TowerieA.
1895) 142. Slang. Unless you mean as little harm ... as 3'ou do
when you blab, Dickens O. Twist ( 1850) xiii.
Hence Blabbing, (a) ppl. adj., (b) vbl. sb. chattering,
telling a secret.
(a) Nhb. Hout, hinny, had thy blabbin' jaw, Wilson Pitman's Pay
(1843 12. lii Cum.They fand that oot seunneneuff hooiveradoot
me blabben, Sargisson y. Scoap (1881) 175.
2. sb. A gossip, a tell-tale.
N.I.' Stf.2 Dunna tell 'im thi secrets, 'fi's a reg'lar awd blob.
n.Lin.', Suf.(,F.H.) [He that is a blab is a scab, Ray Prov. (1678)
102.]
3. Silly talk, idle chatter.
s.Chs.^ Uwd yur blaab [howd yer blab]. w.Yks. Yung lassus
tluthered raand him oft Ta hear his mealy blab, Preston Poems
(1864) 10. Nhp.^, War. (J.R.W.) Som. Sweetman Wincanton
Gl. i,i885\
4. Coiiip. (i) Blab-chops, see -mouth; (2) -mouth,
a talkative person, a gossip ; (3) -mouthed, talkative ; (4)
•tit, (5) -tongue, a tell-tale; (6) -tongued, unable to keep
a secret.
(i 1 Lan. He's a regular blob-chops ; if you tell him owt yo met
as vveel tell th' bellman iS W ). War.^ (2 ;, Wm. (B.K.) w.Yks.
Go on, tha big blab-mouth, tha can't keep owt fS.O.A.). s.Lan.
Bamford Z)/r7/. (1850'). (31 War.2, w.Wor.i,Glo.i (4) Kea (P.M.),
Sur.' Sus. Ya needn't be no blobtit ef ya ses dat, Jackson
Southward Ho (1894I I. 432 ; Sus.> (5) Clis.l Better tell th'
bellman then that blab-tongue. s.Chs.', Sus.' (6) s.Chs.'
[I. Blab, garrire, effiitire, Skinner (1671). 2. A wonder-
clout, blabbe, ^f7^n</;(s, lingita.x. Levins Maitip. (15701.]
BLAB, v.'^ and sb.'^ Sc. Cum. Wm. Yks. Written
bleb (Jam.) Wm. & Cum.* [blab, bleb.]
1. V. To drink much and frequently ; to tipple. See
Blabber, v.^
n.Sc. He's ay blebbin' (Jam.). Bnff.' Abd. Faur was Patie a'
the time 't ye was blebbin an' drinkin' ? Alexander yo/iH;y Gihb
(1 871) XX. Wm. & Cum.' An' docker blebb'd for life an' pluck, 207.
Hence (1) Blabban, vbl. sb. the act of drinking to
excess ; (2) Blabber, sb. a tippler.
(I) BnfT.' (21 n.Sc. (Jam)
2. To pour out suddenly ; to spurt out.
Wm T'milk blabbed oot when I pot t'can lid on (B.K.). w.Yks.
Shoo blabbed all t'rum i' t'kettle (.^.B.).
3. To make a gurgling noise with the lips in drinking
or in taking liquid food ; to slobber.
Sc. Yc're blebbin' yoursci a' wi' your porridge (Jam.). Bnff.'
Hence Blabban, vbl. sb. the act of drinking or taking
semi-liquid food with a gurgling noise.
Bnff.' That bairn bauds a naistie blabban an' suppan o'ts milk
an' bread.
4. sb. A gurgling noise made with the lips in drinking
or taking liquid food. BnfT.'
5. sb. A large quantity of strong drink.
Bnff.' He geed t' the roup t'gct a blab o' drink.
BLAB, see Blob.
BLABBER, v.' and sA.> Irel. Nhb. Chs. Stf. Shr. e.An.
Also written blobber Stf= Slir.'
1. V. To talk much, to chatter. Cf blab, j<.'
S.Don. S1.MM0NS Gl. (1890 . Nlib.' He'll blabber an taak aall
neet. if ye'll oncy lissen tiv him. Ch^. 1 K.M (i. , e.Aa.'
Hence Blobber-chops, a tell-tale. Stf.'
2. To cry, blubber. Nhb.'
3. Idle talk, chatter.
Sh .' Oud yore blobber. Suf.'
[1. Blaberyn, or speke wythe-owte resone, blatero,
Pruinpt. ; And so I blaberde on my beodes, P. Ploivinan,
(a.) v. 8.]
BLABBER, v.'^ and sb.'^ Bnff.' Also written blebber.
[blabsr, ble bar.]
1. v. (a) To tope, to drink largely, (b) To make a
gurgling noise with the lips in drinking or taking semi-
liquid food. See Blab, v.'^
Hence (i) Blabberan, vbl. sb. the act of making a gurg-
ling noise with the lips in drinking or taking semi-
liquid food ; (2) Blabbering, /i/'/. rt(^. having the habit of
making a gurgling noise in drinking or taking semi-liquid
food.
2. sb. A gurgling noise made with the lips in drinking
or taking semi-liquid food.
3. A quantity of strong liquor.
BLACK, 56.' Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin. Dev. [blak,
blaek.]
1. Dark discolouring stain ; dirt.
Nhb. Aw ha'e wesht baith maw feet frae the black, RonsoN
Evangeline (1870") hitrod. Yks. He weant pairt wi' t'black afore
his finger-nails, Prov. in Brighouse News (Sept. 14, 1889).
2. Smut in wheat or beans. Also in //.
w. &s.Sc. Often called 'blecks amang wheat' (Jam. Suppl.). Dev.
The black in wheat, Annals Agric. 1^1784-1815) XIX. 261 ; XXIII.
374-
3. In pi. A disease in fowls, causing the comb, (Sic. to
turn black. Also called Black-uns.
e.Lan.', Chs.'
4. Mourning clothes ; usually in />/.
Frf. Hendry was . . . taking olThis blacks, Barrie Tbnims(z88g)
59. Per. They wore their blacks at a funeral, Ian Maclake.n
Bn'er Bush (1895) 229. Lan. We'd buried our missus an' getten
Ruth's blacks, Francis Daughter 0/ Soil {i8g^) 73. n.Lin.'
5. Fig. A scoundrel.
n.Sc. He's as big a blaick as ever set croon t' the lift (W.G.).
w. & s.Sc. {] AM. Suppl.)
[4. He who wears blacks, and mournes not for the
dead. Do's but deride the party buried, Herkick Hcspiridcs
(1648) 379. 5. Whereas several ill-designing and dis-
orderly persons have of late associated themselves under
the name of Blacks, y4f/ 9 Geo. I (1722) xxii (N.E.D.).]
BLACK, V. and s6.= Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Lin.
Wor. [blak.]
1. To grow black.
Bnff.' Fin [when] the sheep begin to blaek and brook, Ye may
tack in the cot at ilky nook vs.v. Gair).
2. Fig. To scold, abuse ; to defame.
Yks. Black lawyer to his faace, Fetherston Goorkrodger {i&io)
112. w.Yks. Betty begins to black Dolly, Bvwater Gossips, 20.
Lan. Tha needn't look so shy. Aw am no blackin' thee, Laycock
Sngs. (1866) 26. ne.Lan.', n.Lin.'
Tience (1) Black-back, sA. a backbiter; (2) Blacking,
vbl. sb. a scolding, abuse.
(i) Nhb. iR.O.H.) (2) Cum. If ennyboddy spak, Wat gev
them a blackin', Farrall/JcWv Wilson (1886 44 n.Yks. A place
where talking scandal is kailin and blackin'. Fetherston 5mH^^«s
Fam. 3. w.Yks. Noa woman sal be a member a this club at caant
gie onn3' boddy a goid blackin, Tom Tkeddlehovle ZJamis/a.<4n«.
(1873155- Lan. , S.W.I
3. sb. A rcviler ; reviling.
s.Wor. A be a proper black. 'E giv mah a lot ov 'isblack (H. K.).
BLACK, ad/, and adv. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Also Slang.
I. 1. adj. Of dark or grimy complexion. Also in coinp.
•favoured.
Sc Vc'rc ajimpy black body; no like the Nesbit lads, who ha'e
BLACK
[280]
BLACK-
aye been stoot and fair, Swan Aldetsyde (ed. 1895) ii ; Ilk midden
mavis, wee black jaudy, A' dread an' fear ye, Ballantine Gaber-
Itinzie (1874) Raggil Laddie. Ayr. He up the lang loan to my
black cousin Bess, Burns Last May a Braw JVooer. Ir. ' Who is
this coming down towardst us?' said the black-favoured man,
Carleton Traits Peas. (1843') I. 25.
2. In mining : any dark-coloured stratum. Nhb.^
3. Fig. Of wind or weather : foul, overcast.
SIk. (.Jam.) n.Lln. Black wind, a piercing wind when the sky
is overcast (M. P.) ; n.Lin.l Is it goin' to raain ? — Noa, I think it's
nobbut a black wind cumin' on.
4. Sad, melancholy ; unlucky, malignant, wicked.
Sc. I shall wish them in the brown pigg again, for fear we get a
black cast [ill turn] about them, Scott Midlothian (1818) xlviii.
Ayr. I hae heard black news, Galt Sir A. Wylie (1822) xcix.
w.Ir. 'Tis hard for a girl to have to marry ... a black stranger out of
nowhere, Lawless Grania (1892) I. 212. Myo. Ye wouldn't do
the black thrick, Stoker Snake's Pass (1891) vii. Wm. He wor
alius talkin' his black talk tul her. He's blackest-moothed man
'at iver oppen'd a mooth (B. K. ). Chs.* A common epithet for
poison. Naut. A ship may be unlucky ... if she were launched on
a 'black day,' Flk-Lore Rec. (18781 I. 249.
5. Used as an intensive : extreme, ' dead.'
Sh.I. r da black-calm, and gowlden her O trimlin licht, Burgess
Pasniie{i8gz) 56. Ir. ' A black knot ' is one exceedingly hard and
inextricable. A black Protestant (A.S.P.).
6. adv. In phr. to /'nttA/nc^', to use foul language. w.Yks.^
7. Used with intensive force : exceedingly, entirely,
thoroughly.
Sc. I'll maybe find the fire black out. Whitehead Da/t Davie
(1876) 149, ed. 1894. Rnf. His mitheran' me put tae black-burnin'
shame, Neilson Poems (1877) 48. [In common use (A. W.) ] Lnk.
'Tis a scandal and a black burning shame, Ramsay Poems (ed.
1800) I. 285 (Jam.). Gall. I was black angry at the senseless and
causeless cruelty, Crockett Raiders (1893) i. Ir.The tide is black
out. I am black out [offended] with you (A. S. P.). N.I.' The fire's
black out. n.Yks. Of eggs that have been long sat upon and are
near hatching : Ah brack t'eggs, an' they were black sitten (I. W.).
w.Yks.s It's warse i' my waay o' thinking to be black fat, 7. e.Lin.
.She was, as you may say, black fat G.G.W.).
II. 1. In co»!b. (i) Black army, a swarm of fleas ; (2)
•arr, a stain on the character ; hence -arr'd, sullied,
stained ; see Arr ; (3) .tall, a sweetmeat made of treacle
and sugar ; (4) — bass, a measure of coal lying upon the
flatstone ; (5) — bass, (6) — bitch, a gun; see also
below; (7) — boggle, — bogy, — boo, a nursery bogy;
(8) -bonnet, an elder of the church ; (9) -botham, an
inferior iron ore ; (10) .burnt, of corn : affected with
burnt-ear; (11) .cake, wedding cake ; (12) .cap pudding,
batter pudding with currants on the top ; (13) -cloth job,
an easy task, 'gentleman's work'; (14) -coat, a minister
of religion ; (35) — crap, (a) a crop of peas or beans ; (b)
a crop which is always green ; (16) — craws, dried iniiciis
nasi; (17) -damp, fire-damp, carbonic acid gas; (18)
— death, typhus or typhoid fever ; also called — fever ;
(19) — diamonds, coals ; (20) — dish, pig's blood boiled
with onions ; (21) — dog, {a) a gun ; cf. — bitch ; {b) fg.
a fit of bad temper ; (22) — earth, mould ; a kind of earth
used as a dye ; (23) .eyed Susan, a rolj'-poly pudding
made with currants; (24) — frost, a hard frost without
snow or rime ; (25) — George, a poacher, ' rough ' ; (26)
— gob, a term of contempt ; (27) — grouan, black soil
mixed with granite sand ; (28) -hole, prison, a police-
cell ; (29) —hover, light black mould ; (30) -iron, malle-
able iron; (31) — land, see Maam ; (32) -leg, a disease
in animals ; (33) -luggie, a small wooden vessel made of
staves, one of which projects as a handle ; (34) — lumps,
a svyeetmeat flavoured with cloves ; (35) — Maria,
a prison van; (36) — meat, cured bacon or ham; (37)
— mill, a water mill with one wheel ; (38) -muck, the
ashes and cleanings of streets; (39) -mullock, peat turf;
(40) — Parr, an imaginary monster; cf. — man; (41)
— Peter, a portmanteau; (42) —pole, a length of un-
wrought timber ; (43) -pot, a sausage made of fat and
blood ; (44) .quarter, a disease of cattle, in which the
flank becomes discoloured ; (45) — ram, bog manganese
ore ; (46) • — rock, rock-salt containing a large proportion
of clay ; (47) -row grains, the parting of the iron stone ;
(48) -— Sam, the devil ; (49) -sap, an advanced state of
jaundice ; (50) — saxpence, (51) -sick, see below; (52)
•spaul, a kind of pleurisy in cattle, esp. calves ; (53) -spool,
a bottle of porter; (54) — squire, a clerical squire; (55)
■stane, see below ; (56) -stick, furze partially charred and
afterwards cut for luel ; {57) — stone, see below; (58)
•strap, an inferior wine ; a mixture of treacle and gin ;
(59) — sugar, liquorice ; (60) -tan, a good-for-nothing
person or thing ; (61) — tin, tin ore ready for smelting;
(62) -water, (a) a disease in cattle ; (b) bile on the
stomach; (63) — wet, rain as distinguished from snow;
(64) — wine, port wine ; (65) — work, undertakers'
work. See also Black-avised, -bole, -cap, -head, -leg,
— man, -pudding.
(i)Dev. The black army. . . comes down Ex'ter'ill inzwarms 'pon
tha fust ov March, alwes. (2) n.Yks.= (3) Der. A^. <&■ g. (,1877)
5th S. viii. 481. Nhp.l Lon. MAYHEwLoHrf iflioM»-(i85i) I. 203.
i4) Shr.2 (5) w.Som.' (6) s.Sc. Black bitch, a bag clandestinely
attached to the lower part of the mill-spout, that meal might be
abstracted as it came down into the trough. [He] said to the
miller, ' I hope j'ou'll no keep a black bitch' (Jam.). w.Yks.' (7)
Lth. Dinna fricht your laddie wi' the ' black boo ' man, Ballantine
Pof»is (1856) 146. n.Yks. 2 Chs.i If tha does na leave off skrikin,
I'll fetch a black bogy to the. (8) Ayr. A greedy glowr black-
bonnet, Burns Holy Fair (1785') ; Rarely heard now (J.F.). (9)
Stf.i (10) Hmp. Lisle Husbandry (1757) 151. (11) Cor.^ (12)
e.Yks.i (13) Cor.3 (i4)n.Lin.i (15,0) Sc. (Jam.) (AiEdb. (i4.)
(i6)n.Lin.' (17) Nhb.' (18, n.Lin.i (19 Nhb.' The bonny black
diamonds gaun down i' the keels. To warm a' the starved bodies
i' Lunnen, Wilson Stanzas (1825). w.Yks. (J.T.) (20) e.Lan.'
(21, «) w.Som.^ To let go the black dog at, is to shoot at. Ee
wid-n staa-p, zoa aay puut dhu blaak duug aa-dr-n [he would not
stop, so I put the black dog after him]. (6) Cum. Children are
freq. admonished to ' beware of the black dog,' or to ' send
the black dog off their back' (E.W.P.). Cum.' n.Lin.i He's
gotten th' black dog on his back. sw.Lin.' Nhp.^ Stroke the
black dog down. War.^, Wor, (J.W.P.) (22) S. & Ork.i,e.Lan,>
(23I Sus. Grose (1790); (W.D.P.) ; Sus.i (24) Sc. (Jam.) Ir.
(A.S.P.) Cum.,Wm. iM.P.) w.Yks. ////Cv. frrfs. ; w.Yks. », Chs.i,
Not.'^ n.Lin. I fun' it starv'd wi cohd won black-frost time ^M. P.).
sw.Lin.* Opposed to a white frost, or Rag-rime. It clapped in a
real black frost. Lei.i, Nhp.l, War.3, Brks.l, Hnt. (.T.P.F.),
w.Som.' (25) Wil. These fellows were a ' Black George' lot, in
hamlet language, Jefferies Hdgrow. (1889) 178. (26) Nhb.' Obs.
In the books of the Bricklaj'ers' Comp. of Newc, entry of July 29,
1812, reads : 'Thomas Hewson complains against Joseph Galloway
for calling him Black Gob.' The reference may be to one wearing a
moustache. (27) Cor.^ MS. add. (28) Dmb. Naething but law
and vengeance, black-hole and fining without stint or measure.
Cross Disruption (1844) vi. n.Yks. He wad'nt a gitten into
t'Blackhooal if he'd behav'd hissell (W.H.). (29) e.Ken. Boys
Agric. (1794) 34. (30) Sc. (Jam,) (32 i Slk. Some hateful Galloway
stott that had died of the blackleg, Perils of Man, II, 348 (Jam.).
(33) n.Cy. Black luggie, lammer-bead, Put the witches to their
speed, Flk rhyme, Denham Tracts (ed. 1895) II. 82. (34! N.I.'
(35) Slang. Farmer, (36) e.An, In common use (F.H.) ; e.An. '
(37) Arg. There is but one wheel, and it lying horizontally in the
perpendicular, under the millstone, Kilninian Stat. Ace. XIV.
149 (Jam.). (38) Lan, Annals Agric. (1784-1815). (39) Shr.i
(40) Nhp.2 In order to frighten children into good behaviour they
tell them here that Black Parr will have them. (41) Sc. Desired
one of the lads to hand in the black Peter, Scott Guy M. (1815)
x.\viii. (42) War.' A pole of three falls standing (s.v. Ruin).
Hrf.'2 (43) Dor. I can't make any blackpot, Hardv Jude (1896)
pt. I. X. Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl.
(1873). w.Sora.' 144) Cai. In former times . . . when a beast
was seized with the black-quarter, it was taken to a house where
no cattle were e%'er after to enter, and there the animal's heart
was taken out while alive, to be hung up in the house or byre
where the farmer kept his cattle [to prevent the spread of the
disease], Agric. Surv. 203 (Jam.), (45) nw.Dev. Black ram occurs
at Hartland in the form of loose stones immediately under the soil ;
also called Kitty rock, Reports Provinc. (1893). (46) Chs.' (47)
Stf.' (48) Yks. I'll send thee to Black Sam before thou art three
days old [St. George in Mummers' Play], Yks. N. & Q. (1888 II.
130. w.Yks. St. George — threatened to send him to ' Black Sam,'
Burnley Sfe/fAcs (1875) 135; w.Yks.^ (s.v. Mummers). (49)
e.An.', Nrf.' Suf. e.Anglian (1866} II, 325 ; Raven Hist. Siif.
(1895) 263. (50) Rxb. A black sixpence, supposed to be received
BLACK-
[281]
BLACK-
from the devil, as a pledge of an engagement to lie his, body and
soul. ... It is said that the person \v!io keeps it constantly in his
pocket will alwaj'S find another si.\pence beside it Jam.). (51)
Ess.* Oysters are sick after they have spat ; the male oyster is
' black sick,' as the fishermen term it, having a black substance in
the fin. (52) n.Sc. In some parts of the Highlands . . . the method
of cure or prevention was to extinguish all the domestic fires, and
rekindle them by forced fire caught from sparks emitted from the
axle of tlie great wool-wheel, which was driven furiously round
by the people assembled, Clait-Albiii (1815) II. 239 (Jam.). (53)
Ant. (W.H P.) (5.t) e.An. Obsol. (F.H.) ; e.An.' (55) Sc. A dark-
coloured stone, used in some of the Sc. universities, as the seat on
which a student sits at an annual public examination . . . called
his Profession (Jam.). (56) se.Dor. vCW. 1 (57) Shr.l The Black
Stone and Blue Flats are rich and valuable iron-stones. se.Dor.
A bituminous shale, quarried at Little Kinieridge, and burned as fuel
by fishermen and others (C.W.). (58 Ess. With black-strap and
perry he made his friends merry, Faiilop Faiy Soitg, Dixon Siigs.
Kiig. Peas, f 1846J 192. Cor. A drink [of gin and treacle] cpmmoji
in Scilly many years ago, and persons are still living who can
recollect forming parties to go into the country expressly to drink
it, A^. &Q.(i&66) 3rd S. ix. 499; Cor.^^ Slang. Disappointed
at not finding black-strap (as \vc call port-wir.e at Lincoln's Inn) on
the table, Cobbett Tour in Italy (1830) 377. (59) Sc. Grose
(1790' i1/S. add. (C ) ; Scolidsnis yi-]8T j 15. Abd. iW.M ) (60)
Ken. Obs. vP.M.) ; Ken.' Dat dere pikey is a reglcr black-tan.
t6i) Cor.*2 (62, a': Wm. They are so subject to the black-water
that ten out of an hundred die before Xmas, Maushall Rrforts
Agric. {i&iS) I. 240; Wm.* n.Yks. A disorder to which lambs
are liable in autumn, Tuke Agn'c. (1800) 272. w.Yks. Many
sheep die in cold nights, when they contract a disease known as
blackwater, Lucas ZoologisI 1 1879 III. 356; w.Yks.*. Der.'.n.Lin.'
(.i) Wm.', w.Yks.' (631 Ags. (Jam.) (64) n.Lin.' w.Som.' A
few years ago, it was common to ask visitors whether they pre-
ferred white [sherry] or blaak'vvuyn. Obsol. Cor.^ Black-wine
toddy. (,65) Chs.' He's doing black work to-day ; don't you know
they're burying poor old Roberts, Clis. Sheaf. I. 301. Sur.' We
keep six horses for the blackwork. Sus. A man . . . emplo3'ed in
black work, or who, in other words, worked for an undertaker,
Egerton Flks. and ll'ays 1884') 85. Slang. Farmer.
2. Comb, in plant-names: (i) Black- bern, 12) -blegs,
(3) -bow-wowers, (4) -boyds, the fruit of Kiibtisfriiiiicosus,
blackberries; (5) -boys, tlie flower-heads 01 Plantaqo
major, plantain ; also Typlia lalifolia, great reed-mace ;
(61 -bum, tlie XAackberry, Riibiis fniclicosiis; (7) -butter,
LJlva taclnca, sea-lettuce; 181 —corn, dark pulse, beans;
(9) — couch, Agroslis stolomjcra ; (10) — dog-wood,
J'rinius padiis \ iii) -heart, racciiiiiim myrlilliis, bil-
berry; (12) -heath. Erica aiiiira; (13) — Jack, (14) —
Jerusalems, a variety of greens ; (15I -kites, tlic fruit of
Riibiis fructicosiis, blackberries ; ( 16) - ling, CalliDia -vul-
garis, common ling; (17) — man's flower. Prunella
vulgaris, self-heal ; (18) — man's posies, Lamium ptirpu-
reiim, red dead-nettle ; ( 19) -merry, Primus avium, bird
cherry ; (20) — nonesuch, Medicago lupuUna, medick ;
(21) — poplar, Popiilits nigra, water-poplar ; (22) -rind,
an oak tree not large enough for timber; (23I — Sally,
Sali.x caprea, great sallow; see below; (24) — seed,
Medicago lupiilina ; (25) — soap, Cotlaurea nigra, knap-
weed ; also Scabiosa aiivnsis; (26) ~ spem, Aspleiiium
adiautum-iiignmi, black spleenwort ; (27) -spice, see
•kites; (28) -strap, /Wr^o«;(;« <i!7(-;(/rt;v', knotgrass ; (29)
— trefoil, Medicago lupidina ; 1 30) — twitch, ia) Fesluca
duriiiscula ; (b) F. ovina ; (31) — victual, see —corn;
(32) — weed, Sparganium ramosuiit ; (33) — willow,
Halix penhmdra, sweet willow. See also Black-bent,
•berry, -boyd, -cap, -grass, -head, -man, -thorn.
(iiLan.' '2;W.Yks.= (3 N.Cy.', Nhb.' ( 4 ) w.Sc. (Jam.) (5)
Wil.' (S^nLan (\V. II.H. \ ne.Lan.' (7") Dev. lie/^orts Proviiic.
(1895). I,8j n.Yks.* (9) Wil. ' Black couch,' or ' conchy bent,'. . .
is the general and almost only herbage of the old, burn-beaked,
worn-out downs, YiAVis Agric. (1811) xii ; Wil.' (loi Sur. (11.
is) Hmp. Wise Neiv Furest (1883) 280; Hmp.' (13, 14) Nhp.'
(15) Nhb. Cum. People give eightpence arid tenpence a quart for
black-kites, RiGBY Muhiiiiiiiur yiHgi) xvi ; Cum.'; Cum.^ When
t'black-kite blossom shews itsci i' hafe seen glill's o'grej-, 46. (16)
n.Yks.* 1,17) W.Yks. If thow pull them black man llowers, black
man will tak' the' in t'neet vW.F.). ^i8) Cjin. 1 19 Huip.i (20^
Nrf. (21) w.Som.' (22) Ken. Paid Master Edmans for to [2]
VOL. I.
Blackrins, 3s. 6d., Warelionte Highway Bk. (P.M.) ; Ken.* Them
blackrinds won't saw into timber, but thej-'ll do for postes. (23)
Shr.' The term Black Sally seems to be somewhat loosely applied
to several species of willows, growing high, and having foliage of
more than ordinary depth of colour. Wil.' Clothes-pegs are made
from its wood. 24) s.Eck. (251 Dev.* 261 Hmp. ' W.M.E F.)
271 w.Yks. I'scd in Craven ',A.C.) ; (S.K.C.) ; w.Yks.* (28)
Hmp.* (29' Nrf. (30,0 Cum. Hutchinso.n //«/. Chh<. (1794) I.
A pp. 39. Midi. (6, Bdf. (31" Sc. Morton O'*'/''- -^5''"'- (1863);
(Ja.m.) i'32"j e.An.* (33) Ir. Much sought after by the Irish
harvest-men, who call it the black willow, and cut it for their
shillelahs, I.eighton Flora of Shr. (1841I 485.
3. Comb, in names of birds, fishes, insects, &c. : (i)
Black and white poker, the immature Golden-eye;
the tufted duck; (21 — and white woodpecker, Den-
drocopiis major; (3) — arches, a dark moth, Psilura
monacha ; 1 4) -a-top, (a\ the blackcap, Curruca alricapilla;
ib) the stone-chat, Sa.xicola rubicola; (5) -back, the
flounder or fluke, Platessa flesiis ; (6) -bat, the cocki-oach ;
(7) -bear-away, the bat, I'esperlilio; (8) -bess, any small
black beetle ; a cockroach ; (9) -bird, the ring ouzel,
Tardus torquatiis ; (10) -bob, sec -bess ; (ii ) -bonnet, the
black-headed bunting, Embcriza schoenichis \ (12) -boy,
a flea; (13) -breasted plover, Charadrius pluvialis; (14)
— bunting, see -bonnet ; (15) -canker, a caterpillar which
infests turnips; 116) -chin, the little grebe, Tacliybaptes
Jluvialis; (17) -clock, the cockroach; also any black
beetle ; (18) — coaly hood or — cole head, in) the cole
titmouse, Parus britannicus ; (b) the reed bunting, Embe-
rica sc/ioenicltis ; (ig) — curlew, the glossy ibis ; (20I —
curre, the tufted duck, Fiiligula crisla/a ; (21) — devil, the
fish Miller's thumb; (22) —diver, the scoter. Aedemia
nigra; (23) -doctor, a horse-leech; (24) -dolphin, the
turnip-fl)', Athalia ccntifolia; 125) -doy, a black beetle;
(261 -drish, the blackbird. Tardus merula; (271 — duck,
(a) the scaup, Fiiligula marila ; {b} see — diver ; (28) —
goose, the brent goose, Bernicla brenla; (291 — gull, the
common skua, Stercorariiis catarrliacks ; (30) — horse,
a large kind of ant; (31) -hudie, see -bonnet; (32) —
martin, the swift, Cypsehis apiis; (33) -neb, -nebbed crow,
the carrion crow, Corviis corone; (34) -nob, the bullfinch,
Pyrrhula cnropaca ; (35) -ouzel (-uzzle). Tardus menila ;
(36) — ox-eye, see (i8, a); (37) — poker, sec —curre;
(38) -pow-heed, see (4, a) ; (39) — scart, the cormorant;
1 40) -star(e, -steer, the starling; see Stare ; (41 1 -tail, (fl)
the fieldfare, (b) the stoat; (42) -throstle, see -ouzel; 143)
•toed gull, Richardson's skua, Sfercorariiis crepidaliis ;
(44) — wigeon, (a) see — curre, (/') the female wigeon,
Mareca penelope ; (45) — woodpecker, the great spotted
woodpecker. Picas major; (46) -worm, the cockroach;
(47 1 — wren, the hedge sparrow, Accentor modtilaris. See
also Blackcap, -head, -jack.
Nrf. (11 Cozens-Hardv Broad Nrf. (1893") 43. (a) SwAiNSON
Birds (1885^98. (3)Soni. CoMPTON /fVuscoo/Af (1882) 140; (G.S.)
(4, n) War. TiMMiNS //«/. //a)-. (1889'! 213; War.* (i;; War.» (5)
N.I.* (6) War.= 3, w.Wor.', s.Wor. I H.K.I, se.Wor.' (7)e.Yks.
Children cry out to the bat. ' Black, black beear-away, Cum doon
bi hereaway,' Nicholson F/kSp. ^1889 92; A name connected
with a still lingering belief that their special office is to bear away
the souls of young children, Lin. N. & Q. (Apr. 1896) 37 ; e.Yks.',
n.Lici.* (8) Shr.* Two black-bcsscs sent for entomological examina-
tion proved to be Ainara faniiliaris and Lcistis fulvibarbis; Shr.*
Wil. ' So called on the Brks. border. (9) Shr.' (loj Brks. Grose
(1790); G/. (1852) ; Brks.' Hmp. 'Black-bob spit blood or I'll kill
you,' said by children (W.M.E.F. i ; Her house was overrun with
a kind of black-beetle, or, as she expressed herself, black-bob.
White 5<-/Ao;)if(i788) 289, ed. 1853; Hmp.', I.W.' Wil. SlowC/.
(189a) ; Wil.' Dor. A^. & Q. (1877^ 5th S. viii. 44 ; Barnes Gl.
(i863\ Som. Sweetman H'incanlon 67. (i885\ (11) Cld. (Jam.)
w.Wor. Berrozv's Jrn. (Mar. 3, 1888). (12 Wxf. A regiment of
blackboj's my poor corpse o'erspread, Kennedy Banks Boro
(1867) 59. (13) Ir. SwAiNSON Birds (1885) 180. (14) Nhb.*
(15^ ^rT. Annals Agric. (1784-1815;. (16 Brks. Swaixson, 216.
{17^ n.Yks.', e.Yks.* w.Yks. Crackets woddant live, black clocks
did, an' mice bed moar ta do wit tenancy nar we lied, T. Toddle's
Aim. (1875 10 ; w.Yks.*** ; w.Yks. ^ T'house swarms wi* black-
clocks. Lan.* More commonly called twitch-clock. n.Lin.*,
Nlip.* (18, <j) Nhb.' Called also Cole Head and Cole Tit. (A) s.Sc.
o o
BLACK-
[282]
BLACKAMOOR
SwAiNSON, 72. (i9)Nrf. CozENS-HARDYSjonrfA'^/. (1893) 43. (20)
Hmp.SwAiNSON, 159. (2ilDor. A'. 6-0. 1877 5th S.vii. 146. [Not
known to our correspondents.] (22) e.Ir. Swaixson, 162. Nhb.'
(23'. Abd. ' Fa'll buy my black-doctors fulpit in a peel ? ' [whelped
in a pool] was the cry of a leech-seller. Smith Naliii: (1876) 12.
(24) Hmp. White Selbonie (1788,1 74, ed. 1853. (25) Suf. ; F.H.)
(26! nw.Dev.i jn rare use. (27, a Som. Smith Birds (1887) 490.
\b) Ir. SwAissoN, 162. Nrf. Cozens-Hardy Broad Nrf. (1893)
43. Ess. SwAiNSON, 162. (28) Nhb.' Called also Ware Goose.
Nrf. Cozens-Hardy ib. 43. Ess. Swainson, 149. (29) Ker. ib.
210. (30) Hrt. Large emmet eggs, or what we call Black-horse
pissum eggs, Ellis Mod. Hiisb. (1750^ IV. iii. (31) Rxb.
(Jam.) (32) Sc. Swainson, 96. Nhb.' Called also the Screamer.
•w.'Wot. Berrow's Jni. (Mar. 3, 1888). Hmp. Swainson, 96. (33)
Rxb.j6.82. N.Cy.i.Nlib.i Wni. Swainson, 83. e.Yks. Marshall
7?»»-. ^fOH. (1788). (34)Shr. Swainson, 67. (35) n.Yks.^s, w.Yks.
iG.H.), w.Yks.', Lan.i, ne.Lan.', e.Lan.' w.Wor. Berroiv's Jrn.
(Mar. 3, 1888. (36; Frf. Swainson, 33. (37) Nrf. ift. 159. (38)
Nhb.i (39) N.I.i (4o)War.2, w.Wor.', se.Wor.i, Hrf.^, Glo. (A.B.),
Glo.i (41, a) Hmp.i So called in the New Forest, ib) Dev.
Reports Proline. (1885" 88. (42) Dur. A partj' of birds-nesters
falling in with a ' black-throstle's' nest, Fit-Lore Jrn. (i834" 11.
120. (43) Mry. Swainson, 210. (44, n) Dev. li. 159. (6 e.Ir. lA.
'56. (455 Wll.i (46) Dev. Reports Provine. (1895). n.Dev. Go
and zarch vor angle-twitches An blackworms vor tha burds. Rock
Jim an' Nell (1867) St. 124. Cor. Grose (1790) MS. add. (P.) ;
Cor.i^^ (47) Ir. Swainson, 29.
4. Fig. in comp. (i) Black-fasting, enduring a severe
fast ; (2) -fisher, a fish poacher ; (3) -fishing, fishing
illegally by night ; (4) -foot, (a) sb. a go-between, esp. in
lovemaking ; also used attrib. ; (6) v. to act by proxy ;
(5) -heart, a blackguard; (6) -looking, sullen, ill-tem-
pered ; (7) -mail, protection money formerly paid to free-
booters, esp. on the Scottish border; obs.\ (8) — Monday,
the first day of going to school after holidays; (9) -month,
November ; also in form blacky- ; (10) -mouth, an Irish
Protestant dissenter ; (11) -mouthed, foul-mouthed ; (12)
-neb, one disaffected towards the Government; obs.; (13)
-quarter, (14) — Saturday, see below ; (15) -sole, a confi-
dante in courtship ; a lover ; (16) -starved, pinched and
blue with cold; (17) -ward, a state of servitude to a
servant ; obs. ; (18) -wet, thoroughly wet, sodden with
water; (19) -winter, the last cart-load of grain brought
home from the harvest field. See also Black-leg.
(l) Sc. He has been kend to sit for ten hours thegither, black-
fasting, Scott 5/. Ronan (1824) xvi ; I'm a' but blackfasting this
day from either meat or drink. Whitehead Daft Davy (18761 236,
ed. 1894 ; It is sarcastically said of a person who has got a belly-
ful, 'I'm sure he's no black-fastin' (Jam.). Ir. Let her give it
notliin' at all the ne.xt day but keep it black fahastin', Carleton
Trails Peas. (1843) I. 423 ; Common among Irish Roman Catholics
(J.S.) ; Used esp. in ref. to total abstinence from flesh during Lent
(A.J.I.). N.Cy.i Nlib. Obs. (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.i Cum. The punch
and cider laves about. An' few are here black fastin', Stagg Misc.
Poems (1808) Rosley Fair. Cum., Wm. The old style of beggars
used it, as a strong plea. Aa's blackfastin' sin' mwornin' (M.P.).
(2) Sc. Blackfishers, poachers, and smugglers, are a sort of gentry
that will not be mucli checked, Scott Redg. (1824) Lett, viii ; Ye
took me aiblins for a blackfishcr, St. Patrick (1819) III. 42 (Jam.).
Frf. As a rule, every face was blackened; and it was this, I suppose,
that gave the gangs the name of black-fishers, Barrie /.iWi/ (1888)
54. 13) Frf. Their frequent meeting-place when bent on black-
fishing, ib. 53. (4, a) Sc. Thinkin' ye might be black-fit, or her
secrciAT, Sa.x-on and Gael (1814) I. 161 (Jam.); What kind of a
black-foot traffic is this? Stevenson Catriona (1892) ii. Ayr. The
task of confidant (or blackfoot, as it is called in classic Scotch to
such a ' braw wooer,' Galt Lairds (1826) xix. Lth. Bribes the
poor coof to be blackfoot to me, Ballantine Poems (1856; 217.
Ir. You want to make me a go-between — a blackfoot, Carleton
I'ardoroHgha (1848; v. U1?.(J.S.) ; Rarely used, and then usually
in ref to a person stooping to a shabby trick (A.J, I.). Cum.' (A)
Ant. Out black-footing for him iJ.S ) ; (W.H.P. ) (5) w.Som.'
(6i ib. Dhu blaa-k-leok-eens kiai-tur uvur yiie zeed [the black-
lookingcst creature ever you seed]. (7) Sc. And what is black-
mail ? A sort of protection-money that Low-Country gentlemen . . .
pay to some Highland chief that he may neither do them harm
nor sufi'er it to be done to them by others, Scott Wavcrley (1814)
XV. N.Cy.' Nhb.' Levied in Rothbury and Redesdale as late as
1720. (8) N.Cy.i Nhb.' The day following is called Bloody
Tuesday. w.Yks.= Slang. Farmlr. (9) Cor.' ; Cor.2.il/5. arfrf. ;
Cor.3 Blackmonth before Christmas. (10) Ir. The first marriage
that had happened betune a black-mouth an' a Catholic, Yeats Flk-
Tales (1888) 187 ; Many of the Protestants themselves, and the
Black-mouths, Carleto.n Traits Pras. (1843) I. 347. (ii)n.Lin.l
(12) Sc. * We shall set you down among the black-nebs bv and by.'
'No, Sir Arthur, a tame grumbler I,' Scott Antiquary (18 16) II. 128.
Frf. In the stormy days of his youth the old man had been a Black
Nib, Barrie LiclU (1888) 214. Ayr. Many of the heritors con-
sidered me a black-neb, Galt Annals (1821) xxxii. e.Lth. If ye
turn blackneb, ye'U dae't your lane. Hunter J. Inwick (1895) 120.
(13) Shr.' Obs. It is called black-quarter when there is no milk, the
cow being 'dry for calving,' or when the store bacon is finished before
the new flitch is ready for eating. (14) w.Yks.'The first Saturday
after the old twelfth-day, when a fair is annually held at Skipton.
Nhp.' So called when a labourer or mechanic has anticipated his
weekly wages, and has no money to receive. (15) Sc. This too
fond heart of mine . . . lang a black-sole true to thee, Ramsay Tea-
Table Misc. (1724) I. 215, ed. 1871. Lnk. (Jam.) (i6)n.Yks.'2
(17} Sc. I hold in a sort of blatk-ward tenure, Scoty Nigel {1.Q22) ii.
(18 Lin. TV. & Q. (1865) 3rd S. viii. 504. n Lin.' I hed to goa doon
twice to th' drean head, an' I got real black-wet. (19) Dmf. (Jam.)
5. In phr. (i) So black as a bag, very dark ; (2j black be
lickil, nothing; (3) blackbird and thrush, rhyming slang for
'black and brush ' ; (4) to be in one's black books, to be in
disfavour or disgrace ; in got. use ; (5) io make a black
cock of, to shoot ; (6) as dark as a black cow's skin, very
dark ; (7) like butler in the black dog's haiise [throat], irre-
trievably lost ; (8) black's my nail, (9) black is the luhile of
my eye, there is a slur on my character; (10) riding the
Black Lad, Black Lad Monday, see below ; (11) the black
o.x (coitj) has trodden on your foot (toe), you have known
misfortune or sorrow ; (12) black to the bone, of persons :
worn by disease and having a dark or sallow complexion ;
(13) as black as Toal's cloak or Toby, very dark.
(i) Dev. Reports Provine. (1887) 17. (2) Luk. What did ye see? —
Blackbelickit (Jam). (3) Slang. He would express his determina-
tion to blackbird and thrush round his daisy roots [boots], Barrett
Navvies (1884I 40. (4) Bnff.' To be in the black-beuks wee ane.
w.Yks. (J. r.) Nhp.' I'll put you down in my black-book. Oxf.'
MS. add. Hnt. (T.P.F.), Nrf. (EM.) (5- Sc. They wadna tak
muckle to mak a black cock o' ye, Scott IVaverley {l^l.^) Iviii. (6)
n.Yks. Said of a very darkniglit (T.K.). (7) Sc.'(Jam.) (8) Yks.
An' as to my character. Ah defy onnybody, gentle or simple, te say
black's mah nail. Spec, Dial,, Margery and Guhvell, 6. n.Lin,' Noa-
body niver so much as said black's my naail to me. (9) Dmb. I
defy you to say black is the white o' my e'e. Cross Disruption
(1844) xix. (101 Lan. The custom peculiar to Ashton-under-Lyne,
of ' Riding the Black Lad,' Harland& Wilkinson Flk- Lore {iS^-j)
289 ; His black-lad-ship, only getting astride his horse once a
year, Axon Black Kt. (1870) 23 ; Lan.' The term originated in
the custom at AsIiton-under-Lyne of carrying through the town
on Easter Monday the effigy of ' the Black Lad,' said to represent
a former lord of the manor, who, through a course of cruelty and
oppression, had become obnoxious to his tenants and dependants.
(11) Sc. The black o.x has tramped on ye since I was aneath your
roof-tree, Scott Antiquary (1816) xl ; The black cow has nae
trampet yet Upo' your taes, Farmer's Ha', st. 38 (Jam.). ne.Lan.'
Black-ox trodden, worn with age or care. Nhp.', Wor. (J.W.P.)
Oxf.' The black ox 'a trod an yer toes. Wei. Toone (1834). (12)
n.Yks.'s (13) N.I.' Jnlrod. viii.
[I. 1. I found her to be a very pretty, modest, black
woman, PEin's Diary (Apr. 30, 1661J ; I have sworn thee
fair and thought thee bright. Who art as black as hell,
Shaks. Sonn. 147. 4. News fitting to the night. Black,
fearful, comfortless, and horrible, Shaks. K. John, v. vi.
20. II. 3. (II) The seed-bunting, or black-bonnet,
Stephe.n's Bk. of the Farm (1855) II. 378. 5. (11) The
blacke oxe cannot tread on his foot. For this may be
spoken of any one tliat hath good successe in his affaires,
Bernard Terence (1629) 94; She was a pretie wench,
when Juno was a young wife. Now crowesfoote is on
her eye, and the black oxe hath trod on her foot, Lyly
Sapho and Phao (1584) iv. i (Nares).]
BLACKAMOOR, sb. Sc. I.W. Sus. Som. Cor. Also
written blackymoor Som.
1. In plir. the washing of the blackamore, a vain en-
deavour.
Abd. Aunt an' dot'.ier sought her far and near ; But a' was
washing o' the blackamore, Ross Helenore (1768) 79, ed. 1812.
BLACK-AVISED
[283]
BLACK JACK
2. The bulnisli. Typlui latiJoUa. I.W.
3. Co/;/i.(i) Blackamoor's beauty, the scabious, SfflrWosrt
sticcisn \ (2) — teeth, small vvhitc-ribbed cowrie sliclls.
(i^iSus. Friend Plant Names (1882) g. Soni. Jennings Obs.
Dial. tc.Eiig. (1825!; W. & J. Gl. ii873\ w.Som.' Blaak-ee
moaTz biietee. (2^ Cor.' ; Cor.^ MS. add.
BLACK-AVISED, adj. Sc. Ircl. Nlib. Dur. Cum. Wm.
Yks. Also written -viced Sc.; -viz'd N.Cy.' I>iir.' 11 Yks.'^
m.Yks.'; -vized N.I.' n.Yks.^ w.Yks.' [bla kavaist,
•avaizd.] Of persons : having a dark complexion,
swarthy. See Avised, />/>/. acij.'^
Lnk. A black-a-vic'd snod dapper fellow, Ramsay Poems 1 cd
1800) II. 362 (Ja.m.). Ayr. Being a blackaviced crew, they were
generallythouglu to be Egyptians, Galt Aiii?a!s 1 i82i)vii. Edb.He
was a tall, thin. lowering man, blackaviced, and something in the
physoglike myself, MoiR Maiisie U'aiich (1828) ii. Slk. I've kcnt
them black-a-viced and no ill-lookin, Chr. North A'of/cs fed. 1856
III. 284. Ir. A handsome black-a-vis'd man, with great dark
whiskers, Carleton /"rniVi Pfrts. (1843) I. ii. N.I.' Ant. Applied
to a man whose face has a dark hue when shaved, Ballvmeua Obs.
(1892). S.Don. Simmons Gl. (1890^ N.Cy.i, Nhb.', Dur.', Cum.
(M.P.) m.Cum. I'se black-a-vize't, bit canny, Dickinson Siig. Sol.
(1859)1.5. Cnm.l Wm. 'He's black avised, like Jwhoony Grceafs
cat,' is an old and commonly used saying (B.K.) ; Wm.', n.Yks.'^^,
m.Yks.', w.Yks.'
BLACK-BENT, sb. (i) Jtoiais sqiiarrosiis (Nhb. Dur.) ;
(2) Naniiis slikta (n.Cy.) ; (3) Plaiitago tanceolata (Bck.).
See Bent.
BLACKBERRY, s6. Cum. Yks. Chs. Lin. Also Hmp.
Wil.
1. Rttbus friilicostis, in comp. (1) Blackberry-hatch,
chickens hatched at the time when blackberries are ripe ;
(2) -moucher, a boy who plays truant to gather black-
berries ; hence, the fruit itself; (3) -summer, a spell of
fine weather in the blackberry season.
(O Chs.i3 (2i Wil. Britton Beauties (1825) ; Wil.'* (3) Hmp.
Known only to old people (T.L.O.D.) ; Hmp.'
2. The bilberry, Vaccinitciii iiiyiiilliis. n.Yks.
3. The black currant, Ribes nigrum.
Cum. Gl. 11851) ; 'Currant' has not become general for native
fruit ; red currants are often called wine-berries, though their juice
is currant-jelly l^M.P.) ; Cum.' n.Yks.' What are called black-
berries in s.Eng. here are Brambles, Brammles, Brummies, Bum-
melkites, &c. ne.Yks.' e.Yks. Nicholson /7/t-Z.o)« ; 1890) 122;
e.Yks.' The bramble berry is never so termed. n.Lin.^
4. In comp. Blackberry-token, /?i(i»s Crtcsws, dewberry.
Wil.'
BLACK-BOLE, v. Cum. To polish with blacking.
Cum. Usually applied to boots. Prob. so called because blacking
was formerly sold in small balls (J. A.) ; Cum.'
BLACK-BOYD, sb. Sc. Also written -bides (Jam.
Siippl.). The blackberrj', fruit o{ Riibiisfnilicosiis.
Sc. (J.F.); Wi' a round rosy tap, like a meikle blackboj'd,
Tannaiiill Poems i 1817"! 202.
BLACK-CAP, sb. Van dial, uses in Nhb. Cum. Yks.
I.an. Chs. Der. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. Shr. e.An. Hmp.
Dev.
1. In bird-names: (1) Embc-risa schociiiclus,TeeAhun\.mg\
(2) Poms brilanm'ais, cole titmouse ; (3) P. major, great
titmouse ; (4) P. paluslris, marsh tit ; (5) Pyrrhula eiiropaca,
bullfinch.
I II w.Yks. Swainson. 72. n.Lan. (G.E. D.) ; Seiettce Gossip (1882)
164. Chs.', Der.*, nw.Der.',Lei.' Hmp. .Swainson 72. (2')Shr.' {3
w.Yks. ////!v. IVds. Der.', n.Lin.' Nhp.' Sometimes called Black
Capp'd Lolly. (4) Not. Swainson, 33. e.An.' Nrf. Cozens-Hardy
Broad Nrf. (1893) 43. (5) n.Lin.'
2. In plant-names: li) Litztila caiiipes/ris, field wood-
rush ; (21 the fungus Pliallits impiiiiicus ; (3) the heads of
bulrush, Typha lalifolia.
11 Nhb.' Called also Peesewccp Grass and Cuckoo Grass. (2)
Cum. Hutchinson Hist. Cum. ^l794^ 1. App. 43. (3) Cuin,(M.P.)
3. An ulcer with a dark top. Cf. black-head.
n.Dev. Grose (1790) MS. add. (^H.) Dev.^
BLACKER, sb. Cor. In phr. like Blacker, who had
occasion for tlie whole.
Cor.^ An elector in the days of biibcrj- was shown a pile of
money and told to take what he had occasion for. His reply has
become a prov.
BLACK GRASS, sb. fi) Agroslis stolonifera, marsh
bent grass (Ess.); (2) Alopecurus agrestis, slender fox-
tail grass (Bdf. e.An. Sus. I.W.) ; (3) Medicago luptiliiia
(s.Bck.).
BLACKGUARD, sb. Yks. Wal.
1. A duster or cloth used in doing the dirtiest house-
work ; a scullery utensil of the commonest kind.
w.Yi:s. (.C.C.R); w.YLs.s Wesht awal bud fblackgiiards this
week.
Hence Blackguarding, sb. the lowest menial duties.
w.Yks. Fit for nothing but blackguarding C.C.R.).
2. A drink composed of beer and gin or whisky, spiced
with pepper.
s.Wel. N. & O. (1850) ist S. ii. 480. Gmg. Common among
miners (W.M.M. \
BLACK-HEAD, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Lan. Chs. Lei. S'lr.
Nrf. I.W. Som. Dev. Cor.
1. A tadpole. nw.Dev.'
2. A worm used as a bait in fishing.
Soro. This is the time ver th' blackhead ta use, Pulman Shetihes
(1853, 18; ^F.TE.)
3. In bird-names: (i) Emberiza schoeniclus^rccdhunlxng;
(2) Lams ridibiiiidiis, laughing gull.
(i) N.I.' (2) Sh.I. (Jam.) S. & Ork.' n.Lin. I knaw ootside
th' blackheads cry, Peacock Tales and Rhymes {1S&6) mg ; n.Lin.'
4. A boil, a gathering.
Som. VL & J. Gl. (,i873\ w.Som.» Dev. 'E 'th agot a black-
head pon 'is log, an' that niaketh 'en cruel tayjus, H ewett yVns. Sp.
(18921; Dev.', nw.Dev.', Cor.'*
5. Used allrib. in comb. Black-head grass, Luztila cam-
pcstris. Chs.'
6. In pi. Tvpha lalifolia, bulrush.
Ir.. I.W., Dev."
Hence Black-headed, adj. in comb, (i) — Bob, the
great tit, Panis viajor; (2) — bodkin, the reed bunting,
Paiiurus biarmictis ; (3) — hay-jack, the blackcap, 5j/t7Vi
alricapilla ; (4) — laddies, the bulrush, Typha lalifolia ;
(5) —Nob, the bullfinch; (6) —Peggy, the blackcap;
(7) — tomtit, see — Bob.
(i) Dev. A bird called black-headed Bob, a merry fellow . . . his
head bobs about from side to side. Bray Desc. Tamar and Tavy
11836)1.320; Swainson iJi>(/s( 1885 32. (2) Lan. G.E.D.) (3)
Nrf. Swainson, 24. (4) Nhb.' \%) Shr.' (6) Lei.' (7) Slg.
Swainson, 32. Shr.'
BLACKIE, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Yks. War. Ken.
L The blackbird, Tiirdtis iiientla. Also in comp.
Blackie-bird.
Sc. While mavis clear and blackie-bird blythe are heard, Lumsden
Sheep Head, 142. Kcb. 1 listen to the blackie's note, Armstrong
Jiiglesidc (1890) 84. Nhb.' n.Yks. Swainson Birds (1885, 6.
e.Yks.' w.Yks. Leeds Mere. Siippl. tOct. 17, 1891). War.*,
s.War.' Ken. In gen, use (P.M.) ; Ken.'
2. Comp. Blacky-top, Pratincola rubicola, the stonechat.
Ir. Swainson, la.
3. A blackamoor.
Nhb.' To show them we deal wi' Newcassel, Twee Blackeys sal
mcnsc the dor check. Pitman's Cilshp. (1818).
BLACK-JACK, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
Also written -jock Sc.
1. A cockroach. Cf. black-bess.
e.Lan.' Chs.' We'n gcttcn a ruck o' black Jacks i' ahr haisc ;
Chs.3 Also called Switch-clog and Twitch-clog.
2. The caterpillar of the turnip fly. Athalia spinariim.
Nhp.' Hmp. (J.R.W.) ; The haitiea nemontm, called by the
farmers the Fly and Black Jack, Jaruine, note to White's
Selborne, cd. 1851, 140 ; Hmp.> Dor. A^. ^ Q. (1877) 5th S. viii.
44; Barnes Gl. (1863%
3. The colesay or rock-salmon. Nhb.'
4. A leathern jug or tankard for ale ; an ale-pot. Obsol.
Cum. (M.P.) ; Cum.' [One] is preserved at Eden Hall, and in
constant use in the servants' hall on New Year's Day. Der.'
n.Lin.' Common in farm-house kitchens in the last century. Nhp.',
Suf.'
5. In />/. specks of soot, smuts. Stf.*
6. Gunpowder.
Chs.' We wanten a bit o' black Jack to this rock.
7. Sulphurct of zinc, blende.
Nhb.' Ciun. Hutchinson Hist. Cum. (1794) '• App. 52. Cor.**
002
BLACK-LEG
[284]
BLAD
8. Burnt sugar, used for colouring gravy. Oxf.^ MS.aM.
9. A dark-coloured sweetmeat made of treacle and spice.
Rnf. His face was a' black-jock, Neilsom Poems iiB-n) 48.
10. In//, the heads of P/««/r(^o /««ffoA7/(7, ribwort. Shr."
11. A variety of greens, called also Black Jerusalems-
Nhp.>
[4. Black Jack, a leather jug to drink out of, Bailey
(1755) ; (Stage direction) Enter servants with a great
kettle, and Black Jacks and a baker's basket, Brome
Joviall Crew (1652) I. sig. C]
BLACK-LEG, sb. Sc. Irel. Lin. Lei. War. [bla k-leg.]
1. A disease in the legs of cattle. Also in pi.
s.Ir. A fine veal calf died of the black-leg, Croker Leg. (1862)
27. n.Lin.l sw.Lin.' Madder's a fine thing agen the black-leg.
Lei. They have a distemper frequent among the calves, which they
call the black.lcgs. Lisle //!«A««rfo' (i757)- War.^
2. A match-maker, a go-between in love affairs. Cf.
black-foot. Slk. (Jam,)
BLACK-MAN, sb. Sc. Irel. Lei. War. O.xf. Sus. Dor.
Som. Dev.
1. A supposed ' bogy,' a nursery terror.
Abd. Nor will the black man get j-e. Ogg Willie IVa/y (18-]^) 123.
Lei.i, War.3, Oxf.' 71/5. orfrf. w.Sus. What nights of misery does
that name, the black man, bring back to m3' memory, Fit-Lore
Ncc. (1878) I. T9. w.Som.i You be good chillern, else the black-
man'U come down the chimley arter ee. nw.Dev.'
2. Liquorice ; called also Black-sugar, q.v.
Lth. The bairnies a' skirlin for black-man, Ballantine Poetiis
(1856) 108.
3. The plant Planlago lanceolata, ribwort.
Dor. (G.E.D.)
4. A go-between in love-making. Cf. black-foot.
s.Wxf. Some common friend would be seized on to introduce
the wooer, or, in other words, act as his "blackman, Kennedy
Banks Bora (1867I 154 ; Started Mick on a courting e.xpedition,
giving him for a blackman a lively fidget of a farmer, ib Even,
Duffiey (1869) 34.
BLACK-PUDDING, sb. Sc. and in gen. dial. use.
1. A kind of sausage made of pig's blood, fat, (Sec, stuffed
into the intestine of a pig or sheep.
Sc. As good [blood] As ever yet stufl-d a black pudding, Meston
Poems (1767) 115 (Jam.). N.Cy.', Dur.' w.Yks. He's preichin
a sarmon ageean foaks heiting black-puddins, Bywater Slievvild
Ann. (1848) 19. Wil. Slow Gl. (1892). w.Som.', Cor.^
2. The bulrush, Typha latifolia, so called from the shape
and colour of its heads. I.W.
3. Sheep's heart chopped with suet and sweet fruits.
Cum. The country people breakfast early on Christmas Day on
black-pudding, Henderson Flk-Lore (i8Tg) ii.
4. A currant pudding; a rich plum-pudding.
s.Wor. [U.K. , Cor.'2
BLACKSMITH, v. and sb. Nhb. Yks. Chs. Stf. Lin.
Won Shr. Glo. Sus. Wil. Som.
1. V. To do the work of a blacksmith.
■w.Yks, Ah've blacksmithed \vol ah'm stall'd, Leeds Mere. Sttppl.
(Oct. 17, 1891^. w.Som.' He'veagid up his place 'is zix months —
now he do blacksmithy. Cf farmery.
2. sb. The yellow ammer, Emberiza cilrinella. Shr.*
3. A door-key. Stf.^
4. Comb, (i) Blacksmith's daughter, a lock and key,
a padlock ; (2) — eye, an eye very correct in estimating
size, &c. ; (3) — wife, see — daughter.
(i) n.Lin.i, w.Wor.*, se.Wor.* Shr.' I mus' put the blacksmith's
daughter on the garden wicket, fur I see the straibries bin gwein
too fast. Glo.' Sus. The blacksmith's daughter was on the gate,
A^ &-> Q. (1891) 7th S. xii. 33. Wil. I was caught by the black-
smith's daughter and couldn't get away (S.S.B.). (2) Chs.' (3)
n.Lin.'
5. In phr. Blacksmith of kind, a blacksmith the seventh
in descent of a family of smiths.
Nhb.' If a child be ill, seven men, whose fathers, grandfathers,
and great-grandfathers have been blacksmiths, collect in a circle,
at the centre of which the indisposed child is laid upon an anvil,
and the circle wave their hammers over its head, and utter with
great force the stroke-groan ' hegh.' If the child be terrified, the
symptom is favourable. To secure the charm each smith has 6d.,
ale, and bread and cheese. The charm has been worked with one
smith only, who is a blacksmith-of-kind.
BLACKTHORN, sb. Yks. Lan. Stf. Lin. Bdf. Mid.
Suf Ken. Sur. Hmp. I.W.
1. Prunits spinosa, in camp, (i) Blackthorn-may, the
blossom of blackthorn ; (2) -winter, the cold weather
which usually sets in when blackthorn is in blossom, in
IVIarch or April.
(i) Mid. (2, swLin.i Midi. Cornh. Mag.{\%(,^ XII. 38. Bdf.
(J.W.B.\ Ken. (P.M.i. Suf. i F.H.) Sur.' Also called the • black-
thorn hatch.' Hnip. The harsh rugged weather obtaining at this
season (when blackthorn blossoms) is called by the country people,
blackthorn-winter, White Selborne 1,1789; 352, ed. 1851; Obsol.
iT.L.O.D.) I.W.'
2. A bo3''s game.
■w.Yks. 2 ; -w.Yks.^ Two marks are made across a road at some
distance apart. One boy stands on one, the rest on the other.
The one calls out ' Blackthorne.' The rest, • New milk and barley
corn.' The one, ' Haa many sheep ha' 3-0 to-day ? ' The rest,
' More nor j'O can catch and carry away.' They run to his mark,
and he to theirs, trying to catch one or more, who join his side,
Lan. Harland & Wilkinson Flk-Lore (1867) 255 ; Thornber
Hist. Blackpool (1837 90. Stf.'^ As the players run from one den
to the other the boy who is ' out ' seizes one and cries out,
' Blackthorn, Blackthorn, one, two, threi, Dheit dhs veri mon far
mei.' If he can hold the boy to the end of the rhj'me, the latter
is his prisoner and must help him to catch the others.
BLACKY-MONTH, see Black.
BLAD, sb} Sc. Irel. Also written blaad Kcb. ; blaud
w.Sc. [blad, blad.]
1. A slap or blow.
Fif. The rung that gae the blad Was just up-li'tit a(T it, Ten.nant
Papistry 1.1827J 156. Rxb. An' ilk ane brought their blads asclent
her, A. Scott Poems (1811) 52. Kcb. Wha gied them mon}' a donsy
blaad without the causes speerin, Davidson Seasons (1789) 78.
NI.i, Uls. !M.B.-S.)
Hence Blaadan, sb. a blow.
Enff. The coreless quyne [girl] gyathe pot sic a blaadan it wiz o'
nae ither eess [use] bit t'bile swine's meht in (W.G.).
2. A squall.
Sc. Always includes the idea of rain. A heavy fall of rain is
called ablad of weet ; Jam). Per. 'A.W.) ■w.Sc. A great or sudden
blast of wind is called a blaud (Jam. Siippl.).
BLAD, sb.^ Sc. Irel. Also written blaud, blet (Jam.).
[blad, blad.] A large fragment or portion.
Sc. Dougal would hear naething but a blaud of David Lindsay,
ScoTT Redg. (1824) Lett, xi ; Grose (1790] MS. add. (C.) Fif.
Strang pupits flew about in blads, Tennant Pa/'i.s/r>' (1827") 7. Ayr.
I'll write, an' that a hearty blaud. Burns Ep. to Lapraik (Apr. 21,
17851 ; ! J.F.) Lth. Wi' his blinks o' fun and his blauds o' lear,
Ballantine Poo»s U856) 219. s.Don. The bush tore a blad of
her dress, Simmons Gl. (1890).
Hence phr. Blads and daivds, large leaves of greens
boiled whole in a sort of broth. Sc. (Jam.)
BLAD, sb.^ Sc. A dirty spot, a discolouration (Jam.).
Cf bladds, blaid.
BLAD, sb.* Sc. Also written blaud. [blad, blad.]
A portfolio.
Rnf. Flang by a' his warklooms, his blaud, an' his ink, PicKEN
Poems (18301 II. 32 'Jam.).
[Cp. Norw. dial, blad, leaf of a vegetable ; leaf of paper
(Aasen).]
BLAD, sb.^ Sc. Irel.
1. A person of weak, flabby constitution.
Sc. (Jam. I S. & Ork.' A blad of a man.
2. A useless thing. N.I.'
BLAD, i'.^ Sc. Irel. Also written blaad n.Sc; blade,
blaud (Jam.), [blad, blad.]
1. To slap, to strike ; to thrust violently.
Sc. Ane may lo'e a haggis that wadna ha'e the bag bladed in his
teeth, Ramsay Prov. iil^l) ', Remember me to all that ask for me,
but blade me in nobody's teeth, Kelly Prov. (1721) (Jam.). Per.
(G.W.) Ayr. M'Kinlay takes the flail. An' he's the boy wiU blaud
her! Burns Ordination 11786). N.I.'
2. Of wind and rain : to blow, to beat against, to drive
in gusts.
Sc. ' It's bladdin' on o' weet' denotes intermitting showers with
squalls (Jam.). Per. Sae weel as 1 like the healthfu' gale that blads
fu' kindly there, Nicoll Poems (1837) 110, ed. 1843. N.I.' The
wind would blad the young trees about.
BLAD
[285]
BLAE
Hence (I I Bladding,^^/.a«^'. breezy, gusty ; (2) Bladdy,
a<y. gusty, unsettled.
1,1) Per. The bladdin' gale on the muiro' gorse an' broom. Nicoll
Poems (1837"! Ill, ed. 1843. Ayr. To shun the bitter blaudin'
show'r, Burns To J. McMalli 1 17851. (2; Sc. (,J-\m.)
3. To blow or flap about in the wind.
N.I.i, Ant. ^S.A.B.j s.Don. Simmons GI. (iSgoV
4. To spoil, to injure, asp. by wind and rain, or by
a blow.
Sc. Better ict horse alanc and no blaad them for fowk that ken
better, Roy Huyseman (1895) x. Bnff. The sqiiechnaister sudna
lat the scholars blaad their beuks (W.G."1. Abd. I hladet the edf;e
o' my razor cutting the rope. Ye're bladdin' yer bairn petting it in
that way i^G.W.) ; Keep oot o' the dubs an' nae blaud yer claes
(W. M. . Fif. There's naething here to blaud, Macdon.\ld Alec
Forbes (1876, 58; lA.W.)
Hence (i) Bladded (blaidit), //>/. adj. spoilt, injured;
3\%o fig. ; (2) Blauding, vbl. sb. spoiling, destroying.
( 1) Sc. Biased milk, bladded milk, Milk new come in, Ch.^mders
Pop. Rhymes (1870) 386. BnSf. Sic blaudit stocks a nivver saw.
A nivver saw sic a blaadit bairn i^W.G.). Abd. Blaadit b3' a clour
[discoloured by a blow] (G.W.). Uls. \M.B.-S. ) (2) nw.Abd. It's
jist a connachin' o' claes An' blaudin' o' fowks sheen, Goodivifc
(1867 : St. 52 ; He rated his reverence severely for blaudin the corn,
Alex.\nder Joliiinv Gibb (18711 xxxv.
5. Fig. To defame, to abuse.
Abd. I winna hear my country blaudet. Cock Simple Strains
(1810) 132 (Jam.). Per. Ye canna blaad my character (G.W.).
BLAD, v? and sb? Dmf. (Jam.) 1. v. To walk
heavily and clumsily. 2. sb. A heavy stride.
BLADDER, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Lan. I.Ma. Lin.
Glo. Hmp. Dor. Also written bladder (|am.); blether
Nhb.' w.Yks. m.Lan.' n.Lin.' Dor. [bla'dar, ble-tS3(r).]
Something rounded and hollow.
1. A football.
w.Yks. P^ind summat else to do nor stand watching a lot o'
chaps puncin a blether abaat. Hartley Cloct Aim. ^l868) 43.
m.Lan.' Slang. At football I've seen lads run after the bladder,
Barham Iiigoldsby (1864) 10.
2. A bagpipe.
Nhb.' This master of minstrelsy oxtered his blether, A'. Minstrels'
Bitilget.
3. A purse.
Nhb. Lay by some cottrils [cash-money] i' the blether, Wilson
Pilmaii's Pay (18431 51 ; Nhb.'
4. A pimple, a burn or scald ; a cattle disease which
causes swelling of the lips and eyes.
Hmp. Wise New Forest (1883) 281 ; Lisle Husbandry (1757I ;
Hmp.'
5. In co>i:p. (i) Blather-baise, a musical instrument, the
strings of which are stretched across a bladder, which
serves as a sounding-board ; (2) -Dick, a character among
mummers ; a boy who pursues his playinates, carrying
a blown bladder, swinging from the end of a stick; (3)
-weed, Sitcite injiatci, bladder campion ; (4) Bladder-
■wrack, Fncns vcsiculosus, a kind of seaweed.
(i) w.Yks. Ah tuck taplayin' a blether-baise.ToM Treddlehoyle
Bttirnsla Aim. (1847) 7. (2) n.Lin.' (3) Dor. (C.W.) (4) Ir.
(B. & H.) I.Ma. Going off with a pop like bladder-wrack, Caine
JUaii.vmait (1894) pt. iv. xii.
6. Phr. (i) Bladder of lard, (2) Blether o' saaiit, a. nickname
for a man with a bald head.
(i) Slang. Farmer. (2) n.Lin.'
BLADDER, see Blather.
BLADDOCH, sb. Sc. Also in the forms bladdo Frf. ;
blathoa Or.L ; bleddack Sh.I. [bla'dax-l Huttermilk.
Sh.L ^ Co//. L.L.B.) Or.I.fS.A.S.^ Abd. Assowr asony bladoch
or wigg that comes out o' the recm-kirn, Forbes Jni. (1742) 18.
Frf. Crossed lakes o' bladdo milk and whaj-, BEATiiE^Jra/m' (1820)
31, ed. 1882.
[Gael, bldthacli, buttermilk; Ir. bldthach (Macuain).]
BLADDS, sh. pi. Sh.I. Also written blaids (Jam.).
A disease like small-pox. Cf. blad, sb?
S. & Ork.i Sh.I. Jam.)
BLADE, si.' Sc. Irel. Yks. Pem. [bl5d.]
1. Leaf of a plant or tree ; esp. a broad flat leaf, as the
outer leaves of cabbage or lettuce.
Lnk. ' The broth will be unco' thin,' quo' Mary. ' Wad it no be
bcttero'some kail blades in't?' Fraser maiips (iSg^ xiii. m.Yks.'
A common saying during winter [is], ' Now, that there's neither
a blade up nor down.' s.Pem. The blades is fell yerly this season
(E.D.).
Hence Bladie, adj. full of large, broad leaves. Also
written blaudia.
Sc. Applied to plants of which the leaves grow out of the main
stem, as blaudie kail (Jam.).
2. A measure for fruit, which is sold in a leaf, or blade,
of cabbage.
N.I. ' Strawberries, raspberries, and currants, are sold by the
blade.
BLADE, s/).= Shr. I.W. Wil. Som. Also written
blayads I.W.' [bled.]
1. The shaft of a cart or wagon.
Shr. Morton f>f/o. ^i'lj'f. (1863I. I.W.'a V/il. Slow Phynies
i 1889 I G/. ; •Wil.'
2. The upright part of a door or window-frame.
w.Som.' AH such frames have two blades, besides the sill and
the lintel. See Durn.
3. That timber in a roof which goes at an angle from the
top of the 'King post' to the beam of the 'principal.'
Shr.'
[Extended uses of Blade, iA.'J
BLADE, sb.^ Irel. Chs. Pern. [bl5d.] A deprecia-
tory term for a woman.
Crl. * Mary the Blade,' term applied to a forward young woman
(P.J M.). Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892). s.Clis.' Oo z u rum uwd
blai d [hoo's a rum owd bladej. s.Pem. She be an owl blaid
i^W.M.M.i.
BLADE, V. Irel. Shr. [bled.] To trim plants and
hedges by cutting away the leaves.
N.I.' To blade mangles, to take the outside leaves off growing
mangolds. Shr. Bound Prov. ^1876; ; Shr.'*
BLADE, see Blad.
BLADE ORE, />/;;'. Sc.I. A general name for plants
belonging to the species of Laiiiiiiana.
BLADEY, int. Pem. [bledL] An assertive ex-
pletive : by our Lady !
s.Pem. Ay bladey ! thou'rt right ! Ef I canna do't, then bladcy,
I be done fur. Bladey thee I I'll meake thee do what I tells thee
(W.M.M.).
BLADGE, sb. Obs. (?) Lin. A coarse, vulgar woman.
[Not known to our correspondents.]
Lin.' The bladge was always awming about.
BLAD HAET, /Ar. Rxb. (Jam.) Nothing, not a whit.
Rxb. Blad hact hae we to dread as fatal, A. Scott Poems (1805)
50 : Blad hact did she say.
BLADROCK, sb. Sc. (Jam.) A talkative, silly fellow.
BLADRY, see Blather.
BLAE, adj. and i'. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Lan. Lin.
Nhp. Also written blea N.Cy.' Nhb. Wm.' e.Yks.
m.Yks.' w.Yks.' Lan.' n.Lan.'; blee N.Cy.' Nhp.'; bleea
n.Yks.-; bleah n.Yks.^; blay w.Yks. ; bla, blaa n.Yks.'
[ble, blea, bll, blia.]
1. adj. Of a blueish tinge, lead-coloured, livid.
Rnf. But they lookct sae blae, and their hearts were sae wae,
Tannahih. Poems 1807) 205. ed. 181 7. Ayr. That oft ha'e made
us black and blae Wi vengefu' paws. Burns Twa Herds 1,1785) st.
12. Lnk. His eyes are drowsy and his lips are blae, Ramsay
Poems (17271 I. 96. ed. 1800. Edb. Saw the blae marks of my
four fingers along his chaft-blades, Moir Mansic IVaucli ^1828) viii.
N.I. ' Blae with cold. n.Cy. Grose (ngd ; (K.) ; N.Cy.' Nhb.
They passed the muir of berries blae. Richardson Borderer's
7nA/<-W-. (1846) VII. 167 ; Nhb.' Wm.' Whan tha [the sheep] cum
doon fra t'fell, tha wer as blae as wad. n.Yks.' He's gettcn his
bats ; his fecace's black and bleca wi't ; n.Yks.^ As bleea as a
whetstone ; n.Yks.^, ne.Yks.' e.Yks. Marshall Pur. Econ.
(1788). m.Yks.' w.Yks. WiLLAN List Il'ds. u8iO; Why dost
thou look so blea ? Grainge A'idderdale 1863", 225 ; w.Yks.' Lan.'
Thy skin's turned blua. n.Lan. Hi hort hiz finger on it's tornd
quait blia (,W.S.) ; n.Lan.'
Hence (i) Blaelike, adv. pale, livid; (2) Blaeness, sb.
lividness.
I Sc. ■^'ou've been lookin' terrible blae-Iike, Roy Norseman
(18951 xiii. (a^ Cld. (Jam.^
2. Bleak, cold, exposed.
Sc. A ' blae day,' when the sky looks hard and lurid, esp. when
BLAEBERRY
[286]
BLAITIE-BUM
there is a thin cold wind that produces shivering (Jam). Per. In
my bridal bed I'll sleep, Made i' th' kirkyard, cauld and blae,
NicoLL Poems (1837,1 165, ed. 1843. Rnf. O Poortith is a wintry
day, Chearless, blirtie, cauld and blae, Tannaiiill Poems ( 1807)
156. Ayr. How do you this blae eastlin wind, Burns Aiilel
Comrade, I. 3. Lnk. Blae autumn is mair rude. An' whiles comes
in a surly mood, Thobison Musings (1881) 186. Wra. (E.C.)
w.Yks. It's a blay poor place, Lucas Stud. Niddcrdah ,c. 1882) Gl.
Nhp. While on the bare blea bankdoyet remain Old Winter's traces,
Clare Poems (1821) II. 177 ; Nhp.' That garden lies full blee for
the east winds.
3. V. To make very cold, to numb.
Bnff. Ye'll blae a' yer ban's gehn ye pit them in amo' the frosty
water t W.G.).
[1. It is usually a blea, flinty wheate, . . . the meale of it
is of a darkish, bley, and flinty colour, Best Fanning Bk.
(1642) 99; Bla, liuidit^, Calk. Aiigl. (1483). 2. The
mornyng bla, wan, and har, Douglas Eneados (1513) ed.
1874, III. 78. ON. bid (s. mas. bldr), livid ; cp. MDu. bid
(OuDEMANs), OFris. blow (Richthofen).]
BLAEBERRY, sb. So. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Shr. Also written bleaberry N.Cy.' Nhb.' Cum.'
n.Yks.^e.Yks, n.Lan. ; blay- N.Cy.' n.Yks.= w.Yks.' ; blee-
Nhb.'; bleea-VVm.'n.Yks.^l blaa- w.Yks.' ; bloo- w.Yks.
1. The bilberry or whortleberry, I'acciniitin ntyrtilhis.
Bn£r. Looking for blaeberries and crawberries. Smiles Naiur.
(1876) II. 42. Frf. The path is lost in blaeberry leaves now. Barrie
Minister (1891I xviii. Lnk. Nae birns, or briers, or whins e'er
troubled me Gif I cou'd find blae-berries ripe for thee, Ramsay
Gentle Shefi. (1725) II. iv. Lth. Our fingers an' our lips were
inky wi' blaeberries, crawcroups, bram'les, an' slaes, Strathesk
More Bits (1885) 297. N.I.', N.Cy.', NUb.' Cum. Here where
we have whortle-berries (blea-berries they call them here),
SoUTHEY Letters (,1856) IV. 334 ; Cum.', Wm.' n.'ifks. Tharused
to be lotso' bleaberrys at no'th side o' PenhiU (W.H.^ ; n.Yks.'^^,
ne.Yks.' e.Yks. Marshall Rur. Econ. (17881. w.Yks. It forms
the food of the ' moor game ' or grouse, and is held in high
repute as a delicious jam (J.T.) ; w.Yks.' There's a gay to-a-three
blaaberries, ii. 304. n.Lan. Dhiar's a gud kropa bliabsriz (W.S.).
Shr.i
2. In cowp. (i) Blaeberry-bed, a mass of blaeberry
shrubs ; (2) -wires, the small shrubs or stems on which
the blaeberries grow.
(11 Wm.' (2) n.Yks.1
[Takyng the bleberries or hurtel berries, Turner
Herbal (1562) II. Lj (N.E.D.); A blabery, Colli. Aiigl.
(1483). Cp. Norw. dial, blaabar, ' vaccinium myrtillus '
(Aasen) ; ON. bldber (Fritzner).]
BLAEWORT, see Blawort.
BLAFF, sb. and v. Sc. [blaf.]
1. sb. A blow ; iAsofig.
Gall. Many the time that I have fallen with an unco blafT,
Crockett 7?ai'rff/5 (1894) ii ; The hardest blafTofdowncome is ever
gotten at the doorstep, ib. Moss-Hags (1895) ii ; In occasional use
tA.W.).
2. V. To bang.
Gall. Pistols ... '11 be gaun blaffin' alT when there's mair need to
be as quiet as an ashleaf, Crockett Raiders (18941 vii.
[Cp. LG. blaffoi, to bark loud ; blaffcrt, a blunderbuss,
lit. a ' barker ' (Berghaus).]
BLAFLUM, sb. and v. Sc. Irel. Also in forms blafum
Sc. N.I.' ; blefluni, blephum, blawflum Sc.
1. sb. Nonsense, idle talk ; deception, a hoax.
NI.' Ant. Ballyniena Olis. (18921. s.Don. Simmons G/. < 1890'!.
Dmb. It's just a mock and a blafum, Cross Disruption (1844'] xviii.
Rnf. A' their fine blaw-flums o' teas That grow abroad, Picken
Poems (1788) 63. [Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.)]
Hence Bleflummery, sb. nonsense, vain imaginings.
Sc. A'thatblacflummerythat'smakinsica haliballoo in the warld,
Campbell {i8ici) I. 328 (Jam.).
2. A pompous, empty person. Ayr. (Jam.)
3. V. To cajole, hoax, impose upon.
Lnk. Frac's looking-glass into the chair Which bears him to
blaflum the fair, Ra.msay Poems (1727) I. 132.
BLAG, sb. and v. Yks. Also written bleg, blagg,
blague, [blag, bleg.]
1. sb. The blackberry, fruit oi Riibiisfnilicosits.
Yks. The time of year when the hedges are covered with cat-
haws, and hips, and blagues, Fetherston Goorkrodger (1870) 70.
e.Yks. Nature Notes, No. 4. w.Yks. All t'blegs and mushrooms 'at
grew i' owd Tommy land, Yksman. (1875) 23, col. 2; I't wood
pheasants wor sed ta be as plentiful az blaggs, ToM Treddlehoyle
Bairnsla Ann. ( 1878) 19 ; Blegs an apples are my fav'rite preserve,
like (H.L.) ; w.Yks.^ Used in Penistone. Does not appear to be
known in SheJheld ; w.Yks.^ ; w.Yks.^ T'hedges is black ower
wi' blegs. As fond as a bass, an' as black as a bleg.
2. Conip. Blag-ber, a blackberry.
w.Yks. Hlf.x. Il'ds. ; Universal round Keighley (M.F.).
3. V. To gather blackberries. Hence Blagging, vbl. sb.
gathering blackberries.
w.Yks. Leeds Mere. Suppl. (June 7, 1884) 8 ; Lads an' lasses are
tabe seen bleggin', Tom Treddlehoyle Bairnsla Ann. (1866) 31 ;
Thow'd better let t'childer go there blaggin (W.F.) ; w.Yks.^ Au'm
baan a-blaggin ; w.Yks.^
4. Fig. To employ one's time in a profitless way.
w.Yks. A man might be asked how he had done in business
during the day and reply, ' Oh, I've been blagging' (I.W.).
[Blag repr. black in blackberry, the guttural being voiced
by assimilation with the following b.\
BLAHT, see Blart.
BLAICK, see Black.
BLAID, sb. Obs. Lan. A little boiL Cf. blad, sb.^
Lan. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.)
BLAIGIT, sb. S. & Ork.' A reddish tinge in the
wool of a sheep. See Blaagit.
BLAIK, V. and sb. Sc. Also written blaick Bnff.'
Abd. [blek.]
1. V. To puzzle, baffle. Cf. bleck, v.'
Sc. Being blaikit this way, the kelpy saw there was sma' hope,
Roy Norseman (1895) i; Waur storms had come afore, and
the auld bin had blaikit them, ib. xxxiv. Bnff.' That quystin fairly
blaickit 'm. Abd. He's wun himsel' intil a fine snorl, an it'll
blaick him t'redd's feet (W.G. ).
2. sb. A puzzle.
BnfT.' A'll gee you a blaick this time.
BLAIN, si.' Sc. Dur. Yks. Lan. e.An. Also written
blaan w.Yks., blein. [blen, blean.] A sore, an ulcer or
gathering of any kind ; a swelling, a mark left by a wound
(Jam.) ; a\soJjg. a fault, a blemish.
Sc. Quhyt me frae benmost blains, Waddell Ps. (1891) xix. 12.
Dur.' Appl. to a red swelling of the eyelid. w.Yks. Banks IVkpld.
JVds. (1865) ; Av two varry big blains, Tom Treddlehoyle
Bairnsla Ann. (1883) 17; (S.H.B.) Lan. Davies Raees (1856)
266 ; Lan.' e.An.' Ulceration at the roots of the tongues of cattle.
Suf.'
[A boil breaking forth with blains upon man and upon
beast, Bible E.v. ix. 10 ; Hir nekke was of good fasoun . . .
Withoute bleyne, scabbe or royne, Chaucer R. Rose, 553 ;
He smot lob with the werste stinkende bleyne, Wyclif
(1382) _/o6 ii. 7. OE. blegen.]
BLAIN, sb.' and v. Sc. [blen.]
L sb. A bare place in a field where the grain has not
sprung (Jam.).
Hence Blainy, adj. bare in patches.
Lth. Some rigs in the west park, that are a wee blainy (Jam.).
2. V. Of a field : to become bare in places where the
crops have not come up. Bnlf.'
Hence Blaint, ppl. adj. (i) Of a field : covered with
blank spots ; (2) Of corn: empty, blighted. Bnff.'
3. sb. pi. Empty grain.
Bnff. Nothing is to be seen but useless trumpery, and very
often empty blains, Agr. Surv. (Jam.)
BLAIR, 7'. and s6.' Ags. (Jam.)
1. V. Of flax : to dry.
Hence Blairin, vbl. sb. the place where flax is spread
out to dry.
2. sb. Flax which has been steeped, taken from the pit,
and laid out to dry.
[Cp. ON. bldr, a gentle breeze, puft' of air (esp. with
notion of warmth).]
BLAIR, see Blare.
BLAITIE-BUM, sb. Sc. Also in the form batie-bum.
[bleti-bum.] A lazy fellow; a simpleton. See Blate, n<^'.
Sc. (Jam.) Flf. Twa blaitie-bums in won sark Withstandin' a
our fcir [company], Tennant Papistry (1827) '7''
BLAIZE
[287]
BLANGE
BLAIZE, sb. Obs. ? Sc. A blow.
Abd. GowlTil him alang the shins a blaize, Skinner Poems
(1809 8.
BLAKE, ac/J} Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wni. Yks. Lan. Chs.
[blek.]
1. Obs. 7 Of a duskv dark colour, livid.
n.Cy. iK.) w.Yks. VViLLAN /.<:>/ (ri/s.i,i8n). ne.Lan.* [Grose
(17901 MS. add. ,C.)1
2. Yellow, of a golden colour, gen. applied to butter and
cheese, &c.
N.Cy.' 2, Nhb.', Dur.' Cum. Applied to the light hair of a baby,
&c. Fine blake butter M.P.) ; White shows the rye, the big of
blakcr hue. KELfii A/isc. Poems ! 1747 1 13 : As blake as marygowds
an' as black as corbies, Linton Liszie Loitoii 1,1867 xxi ; Cum.'
Hlakc as May butter. Wm.i n.Yks.' T'creeam's to'nned gey an'
blake, noo t'k^-e ha' getten te t'grass agen ; n.Yks.^^ ne.Yks.' As
blake as a gowlan. e.Yks. Mahsiiai.l Rhk Ecoh. (17881 ; e.Yks.',
m.Yks.' w.Yks. As blake as a paigle [cowslip"), /Vov. in Brii^lioKse
News July 23, 1887 : w.Yks.' Her milk war feaful rich an blake,
ii. 290. n.Lan. (\V.S \ ne.Lan.'. Chs.'^
[1. Blake, wan of colour, Palsgr. (1530) ; Whil lieo
weoren blake . . . whil heo weorcn racde, La5.\jion (c.
1205) L 80 (Matzneu). 2. Blake (spoken of butter and
cheese), yellow, Bailey (1721); li\ayke, /Iiiiiiis, Levi.ns
Maiiip. (1570). OE. blac, pale, cp. ON. blcikr.]
BLAKE, m(/'.= Nhb. Yks. Chs. Cold, exposed, bleak.
N.Cy.', Nhb.', n.Yks. (T.S.\ Cbs.'
BLAKE, I'.' Som. Dcv. fblek, bleak.] To become
out of breath, to faint, esp. of children exhausted with
crying, coughing, or laughing; gen. used with prep, (in'tiy.
Som. \V. i: J. Gl. (1873). Xie-v.'' Reports Provine. (1884) 12;
Tha cheel's ablaked away ; 'er's black in tha vace, Hewf.tt Peas.
Sp. (1892) ; Us laughed vit to kill ourselves ; purty nigh blakcd
away wi' laffin. Pasmore Stories 1 1893^ 4. n.Dev. Ur blake away
avore es door, Rock y»» «"' Nell (1867; st. gi. s.Dev. (F.W.C.)
Dev.' Es all laflTd till es blak'd, 62. nw.Dev.' Her reg'larly blak'd
away when her zecd the blid.
BLAKE, i).2 Som. Dev. [blek, bleak.] Of sheep:
to bleat. Cf bleak, v.
Som. Th' sheep da blake, PoLMAN Sketches (1842) 20, ed. 1853.
w.Som. Dhai \vud-n niiv ur blae ukfie zoa, neef sanf'^en waud-n dhu
maadr [they would never bleat so, if something was not the
inatter\ Elworthy Gcrtx/. (1877) 62; w.Som.' Dhu sheep doan
luyk dhikee vee-ul, dhai d-auvees begce'n tu blaenikee een un
turaak'lce [the sheep do not like that field, they (do) always begin
to bleat in it, directly]. nw.Dev.'
[Cp. Bremen btakeii, ' bellen ' (\Vtbch.) ; LG. blvken
(Berghaus).]
BLAKED, pp. Yks. [blekt] Made yellow. See
Blake, iidj} 2.
ne.Yks.' In common use. T'butther's gitten nicely blaked.
ELAKELING, sb. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Ibleklin.J The yellow ammer, AViitn'.srt citriitella. See
Blake, mi)'.' 2.
N.Cy.' Nhb. SwAiNSON Z?(/-</s (1885^1 70; Nhb.' Cura. Linton
Lake Cy. (1864) 297. Wm.' w.Yks. Willan i/i/ /Trfs. (1811) ;
w.Yks.', ne.Lan.'
BLAKEN, !'. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Also written bleckon
Cum.' [blekan.] To turn yellow. See Blake, fl(//.' 2.
n.Yks.^ The corn is beginning to blakcn.
Hence (i) Blakened, />/>/. adj. bruised, turned j-ellow
from a blow; (2) Blakening, ppl. adj. said of a wound
when beginning to heal.
' I ; Cum. But suin gat a weel bleaken'd skin, Gilpin Sngs. (1866)
388 : Cum.' (2) N.Cy.', Nhb '
BLAKES. *(!«. />/. Yks. [bleks.] Droppings of cows'
dung dried for fuel.
e.Yks. Leeds Merc. Siippl. (Oct. 17, 1890; e.Yks.' Formerly
it was part of the duty of the female servants in farm liouses to
'clap cazzans,' that is, to take up the soft cows' dung in their hands
and ' clap ' it against the wall, that it might ' cazzon ' [dry] on, and
be used as fuel. When dried the dung was called ' blakes,' or
' cazzans,' MS. add. (1. H )
[Blakes, cow-dung dry'd for fuel, Bailey (1721).]
BLAME, V. In gen. dial, and slang use ; also Amer.
[blem, bleam.] Used imprccatively.
e.Yks.' w.Yks. Banks IVkJld. li'ds. i865~) ; w.Yks."; w.Yks.s
Blaame thee ! whafs tuh done that for ! Lan. Blamed if you're not
a pretty little gal, anyhow, Hocking Dick's Fairy (iSSs) ii. Stf.',
Not.' Lin. I'm bliimcd, but yon's a wild herse fl\'ing. BiH)\VN Lit.
Latir. (1890) 15. n.Lin.', Rut.', Lei.', Nhp.>, War.^^ w.Wor.
S. Beauciiamp G'/'fiii/Zry Grange (1874^ II. 99. e.An.^ Blarm me if
you baint. Suf.' I'll be blamed if I dew. Sus.* Blame ye ! ye be
always at something ; be blamed if I di ant give it yer one of these
days. I. W.* Odtl blc^'am thee. Dor. I'm blcamcd if we beant in
a mess, Young Rabin Ilill 1867 1 1. w Som.' Neef aay diie aa'I
bee blae-umd ! [I will be blamed if I do]. Blaeum mee", neef dhee
shaet-n ae" ut [blame me I if thou shalt not have it — i.e a thrashing].
Dev.Blam'ec, zes I, if 'tis honour to die, I don't like zich honour
at aal, Pasmore S/onis (1893) 7; I'll be blamed ef 'er chell iver
'ave wan appenny more out ov me I Hewett Peas. Sp. (1893).
Cor. Wa-al, I'm blamed if this ain't a rum start! Parr Adam and
Eve (1880 III. 152; Cor.'* [Ame.-. Blamed if I haven't forgotten
that word, Max Adeler Elbow Room (1876 xv.]
Hence Blamed, (i) ppl. adj. used as an intensive;
(2) adi'. exceedingly, very.
(i) n.Lin.' Them blaam'd beas hes been oher beck agean among
oor wheat. Dev. Why thek blamed sheep o' mine waunt stop
nowhere, Flk-Lore Jrn. (18831 I. 334. (2) w.Yks. I knaw they
wor blamed nice, Cudworth Dial. Sketches (1884; 27.
BLAN, see Blin.
BLANCH, sb. Wm.» m.Yks.i [blantj, blanj.] Lead
ore mixed with other minerals.
BLANCH, I'. Som. Dcv. [blasnj.] A hunting term :
to turn back a deer from his course.
w.Som.' But, being blanched, went up into the coverts above
West Porlock, Wellington Wkly. Neivs (Aug. 19, 18861. n.Dev.
Onwards to Wcstgate, when the deer was blanched, Records Stag-
hounds. 30 tF.LWoRTiiY Gl.). Dev. The deer being blanched by a
boat, Davies Memoir Russell U878 323.
[Cp. blaiicliei; a thing placed to turn the deer back.
Sewells or blawnsherrs to kepe the deere within the
woode, Layton (153=;) in Ellis's Orig. Lett. Ser. 2, W. 6i.]
BLAND, sb. Sli. & Or.L A drink made from butter-
milk.
Sh I. A very agieeable wholesome acid beverage called bland,
which has something of the flavour of the juice of the lime, j4gr.
Sun. 61 (Jam.) ; (W.A G.) Or.I. M.-iybcthe lad wad drink some
bland, Scott Pirale ,1821) v. S. & Oric.'
[ON. blaiida, any mixture of two fluids, but esp. a
beverage of hot wlicy mixed up with water.]
BLANDA, sb. S. & Ork.' 1. Barley and oats mixed
and sown together. 2. Coiiip. Blanda-meal, meal made
from the above.
[ON. blanda, a mixture, see Bland.]
BLANDER, v. Sc. (Jam.) [Not known to our corre-
spondents.]
1. To scatter sparingly ; to diffuse, disperse.
Fif. Seed-corn is said to be blander'd. when very thinly sown.
Hence Blandrin, sb. a scanty difVusion.
Fif. That ground has gotten a mere blandrin. A blandrin of
hair on the head.
2. Fig. To babble, to spread abroad a report, esp. a
calumny ; to exaggerate or misstate.
BLANDIGO, si. and «(!>. Obs. Ken. Sur. Hmp. Also
written blendigo Hmp.
1. sb. A shower of rain.
Ken., Sur. Ray (1691).
2. adj. Cloudy.
Hmp. Hoi.loway.
BLANDISH, i«.' Rxb. (Jam.) The grain left uncut
by careless reapers, ^ff;/. in the furrows, during a kcmp
[contest].
BLANDISH, s4.« Rxb. (Jam.) Flattery.
Rxb. Wlia canna read your flimsy riddle O' blandish vain ! A.
Scorr /'oni/.'; (,18051 131.
BLANGE, v.^ and sb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Also written
blenge w.Yks." ; bleng Dur. ; blonge, blondge w.Yks.
[bland?, blond^, bleng.]
1. V. To mix.
Dur. Ah cud bleng a pancake, card' n' spin, Egglestone Belty
Podkin's Lett. { 1877) 12. w.Yks. T' barns started o' blongin' [treacle
and flour] together, Leeds Merc. Snppl. i Dec. 13. 1890, ; Cabbage,
an' turnips, an'carritsallblomlgcd together. Common in Wilsden,
ib. (Oct. 31, 1891) ; w.Yks." Shoe's blonged 'em [the furniture]
all together. e.Lan.'
BLANGE
[288]
BLARE
2. sb. A mixture.
w.Yks. We lied a blonge at dinner-time, Leeds Merc. Siippl.
(Dec. 13. i8go).
[1. Backbiting tallc that flattering blabs know vvily how
to blenge, Tusser Httsb. (1580) 190.]
BLANGE, t'.'^ Lan. [Not known to our correspondents.]
Used iniprecatively. Cf. blame, v.
Lan. Blange thee . . . where arta from ? Clegg David's Loom
(1894I iv.
BLANK, sb} Som. Dev. Also written blank, blonk,
blunk Dev. A spark from a fire. Cf. blanker.
w.Som.i At a recent fire at a farm a man said to me: Luuk-ee
dhu ween wuz tuudh'ur wai, uuls t-wid u bloa'd dhu blangks rait
daewn een taap oa dhu aay rik [lucky the wind was the other way,
else it would have blown the sparks right down upon the hay-rick].
Dev. Grose (1790^ MS. add. (C.) ; The fire was blazing so that
the blanks fell on the thatch, Repot Is Provinc. (.1884^ 12.
[Cp. MDu. blenk, a sparkle (Oudemans) ; G. blinken, to
sparkle.]
BLANK, v., sb.'^ and adj. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lin.
[blagk, blogk.]
1. V. To disappoint.
N.Cy.' Nhb. Aw fand maw-sel blonk'd when te Lunnin aw gat,
Thompson (c. 18161 Cainiy Ketvcastle; Nhb.i, Dur.', n.Yks.^
2. sb. A disappointment.
Cum. A yung man expectit a greet fortune, an' didn't git it ; it
was a greet blonk for him ^^E.W.P.).
3. adj. Disappointed.
n.Lin.^ When he didn't cum she did look sum blank.
[1. All former purposes were blaunked, Spenser State
Irel. (1596) in Wks. ed. 1869, 655. 3. Th'old woman wox
half blanck those wordes to heare, Spenser F. Q. hi. iii. 17.]
BLANKER, sb. Obsot. Cum. Som. A spark or ember
of burning wood, straw, &c. Cf blank, sb}
Cum. Ferguson Norlhnien (1856). Som. A comin vrom the
plow-veel I zee tha blankers rise, Jennings Obs. Dial. lo.Eug.
(1825) 128; W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; Sweetman Wiiuauton Gl. (1885) ;
[At a trial for arson] witness stated ' no blanker ' could fly in a
certain direction, Spectator [Yth. 16. 1895^
BLANKET, 5*. Irel. Yks. Chs. Lin. Sus.
1. In plir. It's as braid as it's tang, like Paddy's blanket,
it is no matter which of two ways a thing is done. N.I.'
2. In covip. (i) Blanket-fair, bed ; {2) -market, bed-
clothes ; (3) -pudding, a long round pudding made of
flour and jam. Cf bolster-pudding.
(i w.Yks. J.T.; ; w.Yks.2, Chs.i ^2) w.Yks. T'missis called
dahn throo t'blanket market, Bin.ns/"(ohi Vill. to Tmvii (,1882) 76;
Ah think we'll goa to t'blankit-markit i^B.K.). (3') w.Yks.^, n Lin.',
e.Sus. So called from the paste being wrapped in folds, and cover-
ing the fruit a^a blanket does a person in bed, Holloway. Sus.'
BLANKET LEAF, sb. (i) Stachys laiiata, woundwort
(Dev.*) ; (2) I'erbasaiin thapsiis (War. Dev.*).
BLANKET MULLEIN, 5/;. Chs."^ I'erbascum t/iapsus,
great mullein.
[So named from its woolliness ; cp. G. ivollkraut.]
BLANKS AND PRIZES, ///r. Shr. A dish of beans
and bacon chopped up and mixed together.
Slir. The beans are the blanks, the meat the prizes. Bound Proz'.
(1876; ; Shr.i To prepare this popular dish, the bacon must be cut
into ' dice,' fried, and then poured with its ' liquor ' into the ready-
boiled beans.
BLANSCUE, sb. Som. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] A catastrophe, an unforeseen accident.
Som. Mow, jitch a horrid blanscue as what happened at Shapick.
niver could a bin but vor tha hungry houns, Jennings Obs. Dial.
w.Eiig. 1825; 130 ; W. & J. Gl. fi873i.
BLANTER, sb. Obsol. Irel.
1. A particular kind of oats, long in the 'pickle,' and late
in ripening.
n.Ir. Grown on sandy soil more than half a century ago. I.Magee
farmers still use it (S.A.B.^ ; N.I.' Ant. I have heard farmers say
that the meal of newer kinds of oats had not the same strength of
flavour as the ' good old blanter' (W.J K.I.
2. Food made from corn, such as porridge, bread, &c.
n.Ir. Applied to stilT stirabout (S.A. B. 1. Ant. Said of one who
is big, stout, and strong, 'That yin has been fed on the blanler,' or
' He hasagreed well with the blanter ' (W.J.K.'i. s.Don. Simmons
Gl. (1890).
BLARE, V. and sb} In gen. dial, use in Irel. and Eng.
Also written blaar Nrf. ; blaaye Brks.^ ; blair n.Yks.'^
ne.Yks.' m.Yks.' w,Yks.= Chs.^ Cmb.' ; blar e.An.' Nrf.'
Ken.i; blear w.Yks.' Chs.^^ n.Lin.^ Sur.' : tleyar I.W.' ;
bliare Dor.' ; blur Wil.' [blir, bleair), blia(r).]
1. V. Of animals : to bleat, low, bellow, bray.
Cum. Yon puir cauves blarin' fit to rive ther throats (M.P.) ;
Cum.' He blares like a billy gvvoat. Yks. (K.). n.Yks.' e.Yks.
Summat i' middle o' rooad, at was soft and hairy, . . . blared at
him, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (i889')33. ne.Lan.' sw Lin.' The lambs
v/ere blaring about. e.An.' Suf. A man in describing the noise
made by a mule said, 'That don't blare, n'it that don't hummer'
C.T.) ; Them there beasts are always blaring after the cabbages,
Young Annals Agric. (1784-1815); (F.H.); Suf.', Ken.', Sur.',
Hmp.' I.W. Hark how the rantipikes are blaring (C.J.V. 'i ; I.W.'2
Wil. Slow Gl. (1892). Dor.' While they da trot, an' bhare, 175.
Som. Sweetman Wiiicanton Gl. (1885) ; The sheep da blake, th'
buliicks blare, Pulman Sketclies (1842) 20, ed. 1853. w.Som.'
Dhai bun blae'ureen au 1 z niauTneen [they have been bellowing
all the morning].
Hence Blaring, (i) vbl. sb. the lowing or bellowing of
cattle, the bleating of sheep ; (2) ppl. adj. bellowing,
bleating.
1 1) Lin. Streatfeild Lfii. OHrf i)aHfS (1884"! 317. nLin.' NrF.
The blaarin' o' the owd bull, Spilling Giles (1872') 78. Suf.
Grose (i790\ (2) Nrf. The blaring cow will the sunest forget
her calf. Prov. (W.R.E.)
2. To cry, weep, lament ; to roar.
Nhb. At what he said, aw could hae blair'd, Wilson Pitman's
Pav 1^1843) 49; Then aw started to blubber an' blare, Robson
Evangeline (1870) 336 ; Nhb.', n.Yks.' ^ ne.Yks.' Whist, wi ya ;
what's ta blairin aboot ? m.Yks.', w.Yks.s, Chs.' 23^ Hrt. iH.G),
Cmb.iJ.D.R.) Nrf. (E.M.); (W.H.i w.Nrf. What are yer blarin'
for, moher ? (looking at his wife shedding tears copiously), Orton
Beesion Ghost (i?,&nM6. Nrf.' Suf. iF.H.); Suf.' Ess. [Some]
cross brats set-up a-blarin', Chf^KK J Noakes (1839)29; Gl. ^1851 .
I.W. (J.D.R.); I.W.2 The wold oooman {sic^ went sniffen and
blaren about the place like a wo'.d cow. Dor. Barnes Gl. 1^1863'.
Hence Blaring, vbl. sb. crying aloud, roaring.
N.Cy.' Nhb. I've been se blind wi' blairin that aw scarce ken
what to say, Gilchrist Sngs. (18241 6; Nhb.', w.Yks.', n.Lin.',
n.Bc'x-. A C. \ Suf. Now then bor, stop that there blaring, wul ye ?
( M.E.R.) ; ' What a blaring you keep ! ' says a mother to her cry-
ing child, CuLLUM Hist. Naivsted {1813).
3. To speak loudly, to shout in a rude or angry manner.
S.Don. Simmons G/.; 1890). Nhb. (W.G. l ; Nhb ' Cum. (M.P.),
e.Yks.', m.Yks.' Lan. Davils 7?oc-cs i 1856) 266. Chs.' Not. 1
wish he wouldn't come blarin' about o' that 'ow, among the hounds
(L.C.M.\ Lin. Then what hevyecoom blairin' and bletherin' here
fur? Gilbeii Riigge [i866) U. 183. Brks.' Cmb.' Don't blare
out like that when you're spoken to. Ken. iW.F..S.^ ; If the
horses stop eating the men blare out at them (D.W.L.) ; He
blaredat me right acrassde street (P.M. ^. ne.Ken. (H.M.) s.Hmp.
She blared at the little mayd like a polecat, Verney L. Lisle
(1870) III. 32. n.Wil. What d'ye want to blur't out like thot vur ?
(E.II.G.) Wil.' w.Som.' Dhao-uru wauz,blaeureenlig u guurt
beol [there he was, raving like a great bull]. Dev. Yil should 'avc
ayerd um blare ! They blared an' hoUied till they purty nigh bust
theirselves, Hewett Peas. Sp. (18921.
Hence Blaring, vbl. sb. loud talking, noisy, senseless
talk.
Not. !L.C.H.\ n.Lia.', Nhp.'^, War.=
4. To let out secrets, to ' blab.'
n.Yks. Common amongst older inhabitants. He went and blared
it all out to t'missus 1 R.H.H.) ; n.Yks.*
5. To protrude, thrust out the tongue ; also used of the
ej'es.
Uur.'. n.Yks.'* m.Yks.' Don't blair your eyes out at me.
w.Yks.** ; w.Yks.= An impudent and ill-trained child ' blairs out'
its tongue to the passers-by.
6. Of gas, &c. : to flare.
War. J.W.R.) Glo. Common (H.S.H.) ; GIo.i
Hence Blaring, />/>/. adj. glaring.
War. The blaring hot sun J.W.R. : ; War.* Glo. In common
use (HS.H.); (S.S.B.)
7. To \vander about, to rush about, esp. in phr. blaring
and slarino-.
War.* Glo. In common use (H.S.H.) ; What bist a blearin
a'lout for ? What bist a blarin and slarin thur for ? (S.S.B.)
BLARE
[289]
BLASH
8. s/). The bleating of sheep ; a loud cry or shout.
Nhb. Aw set up a blare For God to preserve him, Tyncside
Siii;.',/i: I 1826) 8, cd. 1889 ; Aw gat, for an answer, a greet ugly
blare, Midford Cu//. Siigs. (18181 36; Nhb.' It answered wiv
a groanin blair, Robson Ilaiiilict, Priiiie o Diiilon \z. 1870V
e Yks. The lambes will bee able to master the ewes . . . and knowe
theire blares. Best Ritr. Eioii. (1641) 81. Lin. Thompson Hist.
Boston (18561 699. e.AnA
9. A fuss, ' to do,' disturbance.
n-Yks. What tha making sich a blare about? (R.H.H.)
[1. To blare, to bellow like a cow, Phillips (1706) ;
Blare, tmigire, Skinner (1671); The kyne . . . wente on
blearynge, Coverdale (1535) 1 Sam. vi. 12. 2. Blare,
claniitare, Skinner ; The worthies also of Moab bleared
and cried for very sorow, Coverdale Is. xv. 4; Bleren,
ploro, /leo. Prompt., cd. Pynson (1499). 5. Liiigiila . . .
a long ridge running into the sea, like a toong blearing
out of the mouth, Nomendator (1585) 399 (Nares) ; (Ye)
bleare out youre tonge, Coverdale Is. Ivii. 4 ; The knave
bleareth his tonge at me, le villayn ne me fait que tirer la
langue, Palsgr. (1530). 6. To blare, to sweat, or melt
away, as a candle sometimes does, Phillips. Cp. Du.
blare}), to lowe as a cowe (Hexham); Bremen blarreii, to
cry, to weep ( IVlbch.) : Holstein blareti, to weep [hiiotikon 1;
LG. blareii, blarren, hlcircn, to weep aloud (Berghaus) ;
Flem. blceren, to low (Schuermans).]
BLARE, sb.^ Nhb. e.An. A paste made of tar and
pitch, used for caulking the seams of boats, &c.
Nhb.', e.An.'
BLARNEY, sb. and v. Irel. and in gen. colloq. use.
1. sb. Persuasive talk, flattery, humbug.
Ir. O'Grady's powers of 'blarney,' Lever Jack Hinton (1844")
vi ; Blarney — all blarney! ib. Martins (1856) I. x.xi ; (G.M.H.)
s.Ir. You think to come over me now with the blarney. Lover
Leg. (1848) IL 403. Yks. Let's 'ev na mahro'thi blahny (W.H.).
Nrf. They come and uttered their blarney to me. Spilling Giles
(1872^ 26. Slang. Taylor Wds. and Places (1885) xvi.
2. Comp. Blarney-stone, in phr. to have taken a lick of
the Btarney-stmie, to have the gift of flattery or persuasive-
ness.
Ir. A certain stone in the walls of Castle Blarney in Co. Cork,
the kissing or licking of which is fabled to convey the gift of
blarney (G.M.H.).
3. V. To flatter, persuade ; to wheedle.
Ir. I suppose you are going to blarney the constituency, Lever
Martins (1856) IL xxvii ; Arra, what arc you blarneying about ?
McNulty Misthcr O' Ryan (1894) xiii ; (G.M.H.) Lan. Oh, dunnot
bicrney me wi' thy foine speeches, Staton Rivals (1888") 3. Der.
Blarney um up a bit, and tell 'em I'm i' favour o' good roads,
IVkiy. Telegraph i Dec. 22, 1892) 12.
Hence (i) Blameyfied, «f^'. wheedling, flattering; (2)
Blarneying, vbl. sb. flattery, humbug.
(i) Cant. Cut no more blarneyficd whids, Ainsworth Roohwood
(1834) bk. V. i. Ir. ' Lettin' on,' 'romancing a bit,' and 'just
humbuggin',' with a little blarneying and sluthering thrown in.
Barlow Idvtls (1892) 242.
BLARt, -^.' and sb. Yks. Chs Stf Der. Not. Lei. Nhp.
War. Won Also written blaat Yks. Lei.'Nhp.'; blaht
Yks. s.Chs.i se.Wor.' ; blaut Der. Lei.' [blat]
1. V. Of sheep and cattle : to bleat, low, bellow.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Oct. 10, 1891I ; w.Yks.' Chs.l Aw
dunna loike hear a cauf as is alius blartin ; Chs.3 s.Chs.' A cow is
said to blaat aaf tur ur kauf [blaht after her cauf]. s.Not. What's
that thcer yo [ewe] blartin' about? J.P K.) Not.l, Lei' Nhp.'
There's a mess o' sheep blarting. War.^ The cows are blarting,
we shall have rain. se.Wor.'
Hence Blarting, //i/. adj. bleating, bellowing.
w.Yks. Ablaatin' call sooin forgets her cauf, I'rov. in Brighoiisc
Netvs (July 23. i887>. Stf.2 A blartin korf soon forgets its niodhor.
2. To cry, lament ; to roar.
Chs.i Stf.i ; Stf.2 Moi lill on'z gotn dh' bali-eik, on'z blartin
til it wcli meiks mi croi. Der. flLR.l. nw.Der.' War. What ar'
yer' blartin at? (J. 15.1 Wor. Ho was blartin aw.iyfor all the world
like a bahby, Why John {Coll. L.L.B.)
Hence Blarting, vbl. sb. the crying or whining of a
child.
War. Slop th.at child's blarting (J-I^) ; War.^ Now then, you
gret booby— ain't you ashamed of blarting like a wench ?
VOL. I.
3. To cry out, make a noise ; to scold, rate.
Chs.' Oo blarted aht a siiigin. s Chs.' Lei.' Ah thowt shay
wur coom out to blaut. War. 2, se.Wor.'
4. To let out a secret, to spread abroad news or scandal.
Chs.' Nah, dinna thee blart. s.Chs.' Nhp.' A gossiping, chat-
tering female is always blaating about. War.^^
5. sb. A loud noise; meaningless talk.
w.Yks. Them wodbefriends o' t'poar ; thernowt else bud shirt
an' blart. Hartley Clock Ahn. (1874) '9! Bud all they scd shoo
knew wor blaht, ib. (1873) 18. s Chs.' A parent will tell his crying
child to 'uwd iz blaa't' (howd his blaht].
6. In phr. lo be on the blarl, to be scolding or rating.
War. 3 She is always on the blart.
BLART, v? Dmf (Jam.) [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] To fall flat in the mud.
BLASED, pp. Sc. Written bleezed (Jam.), [ble'zd,
bli'zd.j Of milk : turned sour, but not coagulated. Cf.
blink.
Sc. Biased milk, bladdcd milk, Chambers Pop. Rhymes (1870)
386; (Jam.) Per. (G.W.)
BLASH, sb."- Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lin. Lei. In
form blosh Lei.^ [blaj, Lei. bloj.]
1. A splash or dash of liquid or mud.
Sc. Ye've gotten a' yon blash o' cauld kail, Dickson Kirk Beadle
(cd. 1892'. 82 ; She cuist a great blash of water into the pot Jam.).
Cum. A blash ! a pull ! Ye've hoald o' t'king o' fish, Richardson
Talk (1871) 106, ed. 1876. Yks. Thej' meead a bonnv blash i'
t'dike, 5/<-f.Z)/<j/. (18391 9. n.Yks.2 w.Yks. C.W.H. ); Sheea gav
an extra blash, and sum o' t'watter went on tiv his feet, Yksman.
Comic Ann. (1876) 45. n.Lin.' Lei.' Yo nivver heerd a sooch
a blosh.
2. A heavy fall of rain or sleet.
Sc. I ken we'll hae a blash o' rain, Beatties Parings (1801') a;
Snaws an' rains wi' sleety blash, A. Scott Pof»i5 (18081 94. Slk.
The blusterin wund that brings naething but a cauld blash o' sleet,
Chr. North A'of/fs (cd. 1856) III. 189. N.Cy.', Nhb.' Yks. An
occasional ' blash ' of sleet driven in the face, Yks. Wkly. Post (Dec.
15, 1883'!. n.Yks. It com a great blash o' rain (^I.W.) ; It's like
more blash (R.H.H.).
3. Puddle-water ; liquid, soft mud.
n.Yks.' There's bin a vast o' rain through t'neeght ; t'rooad's
all iv a blash. ne.Yks.' w.Yks. Leeds Mere. Siippl. (Oct. 17,
18911. n.Lin. Th' laanc's all blather an' blash wi th" snaw meltin'
iM.P. ; n.Lin.' I'hat foot-trod oher Mr. Peacock's wuod-cloas' is
that full of blash. I nivcr seed oht like it.
4. Weak, trashy stuff; drink of poor quality.
n.Yks. Te we'ast in blash and dhrink. Browse Yk. Minster
Screen 1834') 1. 182 ; n.Yks.^ This isn't tea, it's nubbutblash. ' Dish-
clout blash,' poor, weak soup. r.e.Yks.' Ah can't sup sike blash.
Hence (i) Blash, adj. weak, poor, wishy-washy; (2)
Blashnient, sb. any weak liquor.
(1 1 Cum. It's o' lang o' that blesh yel, Dickinson Cumbr. (1876)
93. (2) Nhb.' Wra.' It's nobbet blashment ; it isn't fit to grind
an axe wi. w.Yks. He hev nea sick blashment [as churn milk],
it macks me belle wark, Seward Yorde's Cave (iSoi), in Ellis
PiLDinnc. I 1889) V. 612 ; w.Yks.', sw.Lia.'
5. Nonsense, foolish talk.
n.Yks.' It's a' blash. Nivver heed : n.Yks.2, ne.Yks.' e.Yks.*
Decant talk sike blash. w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Oct. 17, 1891"*.
n.Lin. He gets thrif as much blash as if he was stannin' fer parli'-
mcnt (M.P.) ; n.Lin.'
6. Comp. (I) Blash-canter, weak liquor; (2) -kegged,
with a protuberant stomach, dropsical; (3) -kite, {a) a
lover of liquids, a ' toss-pot ' ; (b) a noisy, nonsensical
talker.
(0 N.Cy .^, Nhb.' (2l n.Yks.'^ ^3, n'l n Yks.2 (A) e.Yks.'
BLASH, v.^ Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Win. Yks. Lin. Lei.
War. In form blosh Lei.' War.^ [blaj, Lei. blo/.J
1. To splash liquid or mud about, either by spilling it or
treading in it.
Sc. Grose (I790( MS. add. (C.) N.Cy.' Nhb.' He was blashcd
fre heed to toe. Dur.' Cuni. Rworin'. an* churnin', an' blashin',
Richardson Talk (1871) 115, ed. 1886. Wm. T'wind gan ta
blaa. an blysht t'wattre ower es, Spec. Dial. ( 1885') pt. iii. 18 ;
T'waves blasht sea dowly, Southey Knitters c Dent (ed. 1865 23 ;
Wm.' n.Yks.' T'bairn's blash'd ma' gooan a' ower. T'watter
Washes oot i' t'can, every step thoo laks ; n.Yks.'^^ ne.Yks.'
e.Yks.' Tak care, or else thoo'l blash tliat watther all ower (loer.
w.Yks.'; w.Yks.* Blashed an' blathered through head to foil.
pp
BLASH
[290]
BLAST
n.Lln.' If yC swill waiter aboot i' that how, you'll blash th' wall
roots all oher. Lei.' The reen bloshed agen the winder. War.^
2. To have to do with water as a seaman ; hence fig. to
toil slavishly.
n.Yks. He'll niver ha nowt but what he blashes i' t'sea for, 'Lm-
SKiLL Bet. Heat/ier and N. Sea {1884 xx ; The current 'Whitby phrase
descriptive of a seaman's life, ' he blashes for his living,' Atkinson
Moorl. Parish i 1891) Pre/. 9 ; n.Yks.> ; n.Yks.2 'What he has got, he
has blash'd for. ' Ay, ay ! her poor fellow may weel blash,' an
allusion to the wife's extravagance. m.Yks.^ I'll blash no more
for nobody. w.Yks. Of a hard-working person it will be said that
she is ' Washing at it from morn to night,' and the woman herself
will declare that she may ' blash ' herself to pieces, Leeds Merc.
Siippl. (Oct. 17, 1891).
3. To drink to excess, to soak.
Sc. To blash one's stomach (Jam.). n.Yks. 2 Always blashing.
Hence (i)Blashed,//>. drunk, stupefied with drink; (2)
Blasher, a great drinker.
(I) Cum. He mappen . . . wadden't see if we chanc't to be
rayder blash't like, Richardson Talk (1871) 5, ed. 1876. (2)
n.Yks.2
4. To suffer from chafing of the skin, consequent on
much exercise in hot weather.
w.Yks. I'm blasht, I can hardly bear to walk (B.K.).
BLASH, sb.'^ and v."^ Yks. Lan. Chs. [blaj.]
1. sb. A flash, a sudden blaze or flame. PAsoJig.
w.Yks. Hlfx. IVds. Lan.', e Lan.l Chs.' Light sticks of no use for
a good fire — 'only make a blash.' s.Chs.' 'A blash under the pot' is
said of a sudden and momentary show of spirit. I chucked 'em aw
upo' th' fire — eh, what a blash they made — a regilar Bunbury blash,
as they sen (s.v. Deck'),
2. Comp. (i) Blash-boggart, an apparition appearing
and disappearing like a flash ; also used fig. of persons
who are wild or strange in appearance; (2) -coke, soft
coke made at the coal-pits for steel smelters ; (3) -oven,
an oven in which ' soft cokes' are made from coal.
(i) Lan. What a blash-boggart he looked, A.xon Flk-Sng. (1870')
50 ; Lan.l A gradely blash-boggart ! Aw use't to think he slept
among th' coals, Waugh Sneck-Bant (1868) ii. (2, 3) w.Yks. ^
3. V. To blaze, to flare up suddenly; to set ablaze.
Also fg.
Lan. Un made urn blash feire till aw thowt ther wur a hundred
gasleets doancin afore urn, Staton Loomiunry (c. 1861 } 60. e.Lan.
An iv aw do blash eawt id'll be to late to sleek mo then. Almond
IVatercresses, 27. m.Lan.' His een blashed fire. s.Chs.' A fire
into which some paraffin had been thrown was said to ' blash ' up.
4. To make public, to reveal secrets.
n.Yks.' She's bin an' blashed it a' ower. It's toon's talk noo.
w.Yks. Tell her nowt, fer shoo'Il blash it aht to t'first body shoo
meets, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Oct. 17, 1891).
BLASHY, adj. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lin.
Lei. Nhp. War. In form blashly Cum. ; bloshy Lei.'
War.3 [bla-Ji, blo'Ji.]
1. Of weather: rainy, wet, gusty. See Blash, u'
Sc, Simmer's weet or winter's blashy thaw, A. Scott Poems
(1808) 115. Lnk. Thro' driftin' snaw, an' blashie sleet, Hamilton
Poems (18651 '03- Slk. Like sae mony blashy shoors o' sleet,
Chr. North Noc/cs (ed. 1856) III. 97. Gall. In cauld blashy
weather. Harper Bards (ed. 1889) 108. Dur.' n.Yks.' It's bin
straange an blashy, all on, for a bit, noo; n.Yks. ^ ne.Yks.' It's a
blashy tahm been. e.Yks. Marshall /?«>■. &oh. (1788). w.Yks.*
e.Lin. How maazing blashy was the morn, Brown Lit. Laiir. (1890)
64. Nhp.'
2. Wet, muddy, splashy, sloppy.
N.I.', N.Cy.' Nhb. Theirstreets are like wors— brave and blashy!
MiDFORD Col/. Siigs. {18181 68; Nhb.' Cum. 'Blashly' is rather
more emphatic than ■ blashy.' ' Cauld, blashly land,' applied to
a farm in a high situation, and undrained condition i M.P.). n.Yks.'
It's blashy deed, gannan' alang t'rooads, sike weather. e.Yks.
Marshall Pur. Econ. (1788). w.Yks. Tharr's sa mitch rain o'
t'Fogg ... it maks it blashy, Lucas Stud. Niddcrdale (c. 1882)
v; Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Oct. 24, 1891); w.Yks.' n. Lin. ' Th' road
fra Gunness to Burringham's blashier noo then iver I seed it. Lei.',
Nhp.' 'War.^ 'You can't get on them fields [to work], they're too
bloshy.
3. Thin, poor, weak, watery.
Sc. Thae blashy vcget.ibles are a bad thing to have atween anc's
ribs, C/«rf!«. .iWaj,'. ( 18201 454 (Jam.). N.Cy.' Nhb. Te get blawn
out wi' blashy tea, 'Wilson PitiiiansPay (1843) 58; Nhb.', Dur.',
Cum.' n.Yks.' Puir blashy stuff. ne.Yks.' Ah thinks this tea's
nobbut blashy. w.Yks.^, n.Lin.', sw.Lin.', Nhp.'
4. Frivolous, silly, over-talkative.
n.Yks.2 A blashy body. e.Yks.' 'We've had tweea sooats of
blash te neet — fost blashy teea an then blashy talk. w.Yks. Leeds
Merc. Suppl. {Oct. 24, 1891).
BLAST, sb. 'Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
1. A spell of weather, either fine or foul ; esp. long-
continued frost. Also in comp. Blast-time.
e.Yks.' You'll hev a fair blast ti gan heeam in, MS. add. (T.H.)
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Oct. 24, 1891). n.Lin. The sparra's
was starved to dead i' the ivy yon long blast-time (M P.') ; n.Lin.' It
was a tedious blast, it lasted tho'teen weaks. sw.Lin.' A blast
clapped in after Christmas.
2. An explosion of fire-damp in a pit.
N.Cy.' Nhb. The fiery blast cuts short wor lives, 'Wilson Pit-
man's Pay (1843) 34 ; Nhb.' There were about 30 persons slain by
a blast. Compleai Collier (i7o8_) 45. Nhb., Dur. Nicholson Coal Tr.
Gl. (1 888).
3. A smoke, a whiff of the pipe.
Sc. (Jam.), Ayr. (J.F.), N.I.' s.Wxf. Here I can har'ly get
a bit in me pipe to get a blast, Fenian Nights in Shamrock Mag.
(Apr. 29, 1894') 502. Nhb. Leet thy pipe. And take a blast o' baccy !
A'. Minstrel (1806-7I pt. iv. 72 ; Nhb.' A cup, and blast o' baccy,
■Wilson Washing Day (1843).
4. A faggot or branch of dry furze, used for ' blasting
out' the oven. See Blast, v. 1. 2.
w.Som.' U blaa'st u vuuz [a blast of furze]. Cor. She generally
put a good blast into the chimney, Forfar Wizard (1871) 46.
5. Blight, mildew.
s.'Wxf. The blast came on the p'tates (P.J.M,). n.Lin.', Nhp.^
Hrt. Blasts, blights, and strokes [of wheat], Ellis Mod. Husb.
(1750) 'VI. i. Suf.' 'Wheat mildewed or blighted, is said to have
got the blast.
6. A sudden attack of illness, a stroke; a chill.
Abd. CW.M.) Kcd. But now his father took a blast, Burness
Garron HcC (c. 1823) 115. s.'Wxf. The poor man got a blast
(.P.J.M.). w.Yks. He has been warned of the danger of getting
a blast, Hamilton Nugae Lit. (1841) 314.
7. An external inflammation, a gathering or tumour in
some places attributed to witchcraft, or the action of
fairies.
Ir. If his child became consumptive, it had been overlooked,
or received a blast from the fairies, Carleton Trails Peas. (1843)
I. 383. s.Ir. Croker Leg. (1862) 155. n.Yks. Ah've got a blast
in my eye iB.K.). w.Yks. iS.K.C.) ; (J.T.) ; Leeds Merc. Suppl.
I Oct. 24, 1891 1 ; w.Yks. 2 Chs.' He's getten a blast on his thumb.
There are many old women who profess to cure blasts. Hrf.^
Dev. Grose (.1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Dev.^ One sun"ering from
ophthalmia is said to have a blast in the eyes. Cor.' I caught a
blast in my eye ; Cor.*
[5. Blast, an infectious or malignant air, a blight, Ash
(1795). Cp. Blasting: A''/f//c, blasting or mildew whereby
corn, &c., is withered or burnt up, Cotgr. ; Blasting,
which is a corruption happening to hearbes and trees by
some euill constellation, Markham Couiitrie Farnie (1616)
313. 7. A blast in the eye, Boorde Breiiyary, in Furnivall's
Forewords, E.E.T.S. (1870) X. 96.]
BLAST, V. 'Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
I. 1. To pant, to breathe hard.
Abd. Twa shepherds out of breath, Rais'd like and blasting,
Ross Hclenore (.1768) 22, ed. 1812. Fif. Ye needna rin as ye were
chas'd, And blast and blaw wi' sic a blatter, Tennant Papistry
(1827)8.
2. To blow up a fire ; to feed a fire with furze or wood.
Cf blast, sb. 4.
n.Yks.' Blast the fire up ; n.Yks.' Blast it up wi' t'fire-cods
(s,v. Fire-cods). Dor. N. & Q. (1852) ist S. v. 375 ; (CW.B.)
w.Som.' In our Hill country ovens are heated with wood fires, and
to cause the fuel in the oven to blaze well is ' to blast out the
oven.'
3. To smoke a pipe.
Ayr. (J.F.) Rxb. 'While Grizzy at the fire was blastin", Ruickbie
Wayside Cottager {i8o-]) 109.
4. Of a gun : to miss fire, to flash in the pan.
w.Som.' The darn'd old gun blasted, else I would a-had a fine
shot. Dev. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) n.Dev. Guns niver blast
in ould Death's wars, Kock Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 100.
BLASTHOGUE
[291]
BLATHER
5. Of cattle : to inflate, to swell in the stomach.
War.3 Dor. The sheep have blasted theirselves, Hakdy
Madding Crowd (1874 xxi. w.Som.' Dhu kaevvz v-ubroakt eentu
dhu yuung' graas, dhai ul zeo'n blaas dhurzuulz nccf i_the cows have
broken into the young grass (clover I, they will soon blast themselves].
Hence Blasting, vbl. sb. the name given in Rxb. to the
disease among cows, called cow-quake. (Jam.)
6. Fig. To boast, to brag; to use strong, exaggerated
language on any subject.
Sc. I'm no gien to blast, Saxon and Gad (1814") I. 100 (Jam.') ;
This chield was blasting awa' to them on the hill side, Scorr O/d
Mortality (i8i6) xiv ; It was better, I ween, than blasting and
blawing and swearing, ib. St. Ronan (1824^ xxviii.
Hence Blaster, sb. a boaster, bragger ; one who exag-
gerates. (Jam.)
7. In phr. to blast up one's eyes, to cast up the eyes in
astonishment.
Dev. w. Times (Mar. 5, 1886) 3, col. 2 ; Dev.i Drawing out his
hands, and blasting up his ees to the gurt oaks, 2.
n. 1. To blight, shrivel.
Wtn. Yon tree's bin blasted wi' leetnin (B.K.'). n.Lin.' Th'
wheat i' th' plantin' cloas' is blasted wi' mildew. Suf.' [Corn is
said to be blasted when it is poor and thin in the ear, 'Worlidge
Did. Rust. (168 1).]
Hence Blasted, /^ Of a cow's udder: dried orshrivelled
by inflammation. Lei.*
2. Used imprecatively ; also in comp. Blast-nation, sb.
■Wm. Blast j'er impident feeace (B.K. ). Brks.i I.W.' Blast-
nashun seyze thee.
[I. 1. Je souffle is to blaste with ones mouthe, Palsgr.
II. 1. To blast, nibigine fcrire. Coles (1679) ; Bntiner, to
blast or burn with hot mists, Cotgr.]
BLASTHOGUE, sb. Irel. Flattery, delusive talk,
' blarney.'
s.Ir. He has a power o' blasthogue about him, Lover Leg. (18481
11. 276. s.'Wxf. I've heard too much ov your blastogue a'ready
(P.J.M.).
[Cp. Jr. blasda, feigned (O'Reilly).]
BLASTIE, sb. Sc. [bla'sti.] A shrivelled dwarf ; an
ill-tempered or unmanageable child or animal ; a term of
contempt. See Blast, v. II.
Sc. An' how the blasties did behave 'When dancing at the lang
man's grave. Train Pod. Reveries (1806) 18 (Jam.). Ayr. What
cursed speed Theblastie's makin'. Burns To a Louse, st. 7. Gall.
Ye senseless, menseless blastie, Crockett Bog-Myrtle (1895') 281 ;
Ye . . . shairny blastie o' the byres, ib. Cleg Kelly (1896) xliv.
BLAST'V, a(tj. Sc. Gusty, stormy.
Ayr. The weather was blasty and sleety, waxing more and more
tempestuous, Galt Provost \ 18221 177 (Jam.'). Edb. A clear starry
night, in the blasty month of January, MoiR Maiisie IVauch (1828 xi.
[On a suddeyn thee doors winds blastye doe batter,
Stanyhurst Aeneis (1582) 84.]
BLATCH, sb., adj. and v. Glo. Hmp. Wil. Dor. [blaetj,
blatj.]
1. sb. Dirt, soot smut.
Glo.' 'Wil. That is all over blatch, Britton Beauties (1825^ ;
Thee's got a blatch on thee face (E.H.G.) ; WU.' Time pot be ael
over blatch. Dor.'
Hence Blatchy, adj. sooty, smutty, dirty.
Glo. Grose (1790) ; Gl. (1851) ; Glo.'
2. adj. Black, sooty. Hmp.', Wil.'
3. V. To blacken, smirch with black.
Glo. You have blatch'd your face, Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.) ;
Glo.' 'Wil.* Now dvvon't 'ee gwo an' blatch j'our veace wi' thuc
thur dirty zoot.
[OE. bla'c, ink ; also as zd^.black. Cp. Attramentorium,
blacche-pot, Metr. Vac. (c. 1500) in Wright's Voc. 628.]
BLATE, adj Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Win. Yks. Chs.
Dcr. Cmb. (.') Also written bleat Sc. Cum. Wm. ; blaet
Sh.I. ; blait Sc. ; bleit n.Cy. ; bleate, bleatt Cum. ; blert
Chs.'2 [blet, bliat]
1. Shy, bashful, timid.
Sc. A toom purse makes a bleat merchant, Ray Prov. (1678)
356; A blate cat makes a proud mouse, Ramsay Prof. (1737) ; My
damsel with the raven locks is young and blate wilha', Cunning-
ham Siigs. (1813I 53; Gin ye kcnt what was doing at hame,
I trow ye wad look blate, Jamieson /'o/>. Ballads (1806I I. 163 ;
1 hate To gar fouk think I'm spcirin' blate. Allan Lilts (1874) 16 ;
They were all in such a hurry, too. that she felt blate to question
them, Whitehead Da/t Davie ( 1876", 213, ed. 1894 ; Ony puir body
o'our acquaintance that's blate for want o' siller, Scott Old Mortality
(1816) iii. Abd. The gilpy stood and leuk't fell blate. Skinner
Poems {i8og 3. Rnf. I sing how Jock maist dee't for Kate, He
was sae bashfu' and sae blate. And coudna speak his mind, Barr
Poems (1861) 186. Ayr. But blate and laithfu' scarce can weel
behave. Burns Cotter's Sat. Night (1785^ st. 8. Lnk. I have often
heard, ' Hech me, yc're no blate,' A'. & Q. (1873) 4th S. xii. 415.
Slk. For though no blate, I howp I hae a' life-lang had a sense o'
decency, Cii R. North A'of/f5(ed. 1856) IV. 64. Gall. My conscience I
. . . was he no' blate to say that to ministers, Crockett Stickit
//m. (1893)27. N.I.' n.Cy. Grose 1790I ; N.Cy.' 2 Nhb. Death
o' late hez no been blate. Oliver Loeal Sngs. (1824 8 ; She was
never blate to own ye, Marshall Sngs. > 1829 5; Nhb.', Dur.'
Cnm. But I was daft for been sea varra bleat, Graham Gwordy
(1778) i; r God's name step forret ; nay, dunno be bleate,
Anderson Ballads • 1808 67; Look dashed and blate wi' nought
to say, Blamire Poet. Wks. (ed. 1842) 191 ; Gl. (1851). Wm.
Gibson Leg. and Notes (1877) 91. n.Yks.' He's ower blate for
owght. T'lassies has t'kittle him; n.Yks.^, m.Yks.', Clis.'*,
Der.' Obs. Cmb. Alone he could not go, he was so blate, N. & Q.
(i873)4thS. xii. 523(?). [^K.)]
Hence (i) Blate, sb. one who is shy; (2) Blaitly, adv.
bashfully; (3) Blateness, sb. shj'ness, bashfulness,
awkwardness.
(i)Dmf. The blate look spruce, Mayne Siller Gun fi8o8) 16.
Nhb. Ye'll soon understand How we tice baith the blate and the
slee, Coquddale Sngs. (1850) iia. (2) Sc. (Jam. ) (3) Sc. ' It's
jist blateness.' 'Just what?' ' Shyness,' corrected the laird, Tweed-
dale Moff K.i^<)b\ 69. Ayr. If you dinna fail by j'our own blateness,
Galt Entail (1823) iv. Gall. She disna appear to be troubled wi'
blateness, Crockett Raiders (1894) xii. Nhb. It wasn't, mind,
because aw'd rued. But blateness at a knotty case, Wilson Pitman's
P«y'i843M5; Nhb.' ^
2. Dull, unpromising.
Abd. That were my hogs to a blate fair to ca", Ross Hclenore
(1768) 59, ed. 1812 ; It's blate, blate, hereaboot. Alexander
Johnny Gibb (1871) vi ; He's nae a blate scholar (G.W.).
3. Fig. Of grass, corn, &c. : backward.
Cld. A blait braird. That grass is looking blate. Things are
looking unco' blate (Jam.).
[1. If they have supte'er I come in I will look wondrous
blate, Robin Hood (c. 1600I, ed. Ritson, I. 99. . 2. Thow
salbe maid blait, bleir eit, bestiall, Dunbar The Flyting
(c. 1505) 256, in Poems, ed. Small, 19.]
BLATE, V. Sc. Yks. Lin. War. Also written blait,
bleat w.Yks. ; bleet Sc. ; bleit w.Yks. (blet. blist.J
1. To bellow, to roar ; to make a noise ; to talk wildly,
to rave. Cf. blare, blart.
Sc. Where the buck's bound, there he maun bleet, Ramsay
Prov. (1737). N.Cy.' Yks. You can 'ear 'im across t'road,
blaatin' an' singin' like a girt buU-cauf F.P.T.). w.Yks. Aw
niv\'er tried to sing it but once. . . . An' .as Mally ax'd me what aw
wor blatin' abaat, aw'd nivver tried it sin. Hartley Grimes Trip
(1877) 85 ; Chaps at blayted at him so fast wor t'bidders, Pudsey
Olm. (1877^ ai ; 'Shut up ! ' blates Alderman Waud, Saunlcrer's
Satchel (1877) 3' > ' What says ta !' he snapped at me, ' Tha'rt
bleatin,' Snowden Web 0/ Weaver (1896) viii ; w.Yks.'*; w.Yks.*
What are ta blating at— what's t'matter with tha! e. Yks.' Ah
nobbat gav him a lahtle tap, an he blate oot as athof ah was killin
him, MS. add. T.H.) Lin. There stood the lion, all soa grim. I said
'Wurhealivehe'dblate, 'Brown i,i'/./.a">-. (1890 44. n.Lin.', War.'
Hence (i) Blate, sb. noise ; (2) Blating,///. adj. noisy,
roaring.
(i) w.Yks. 'Hod thi blait,' I said, Yisman. (1881) 154. (2)
w.Yks. Thear wor peeas wi that blatin crew, Preston Poems
(1864) 31 ; A blatin' clarinet player, Ytsman. (,1875) 4.
2. To obtrude the tongue.
w.Yks. Blatin' ther fork'd tungs aht, Wadsley Jack (1866) xvii.
BLATHER(S, si.' Sc. Irel. and all n. and midl.
counties. Also e.An. Sus. Hmp. Som. Amer. Also
in form bladder nw.Der.' Som. ; blatter Sc. ; blatther
N.I.'; bledder Cum. Yks. Lan.' nw Der.' ; blether(s in
gat. use; blother nw.Dcr.' Not. sw.Lin.' Lei.'; bluther
ni.Yks.' ; blutter BnlV.' [bla'tSalr), ble-(53(r).]
1. Empty, noisy, or unwise talk ; flattery, nonsense.
Sc. But maist likely that was maist all blethers to get round me,
Oliphant Lover and Lass, 332. Bn£f.' Kcd. Stop .ver blether,
P p 2
BLATHER
[292 J
BLATHER
Shaw yersel' a man o' pluck, Grant Lays (1884) 37. Dmb. Hoot,
blethers! I ken it's a' imagination, Cross Disruption (1844) xxiii.
Ayr. Jeanie was fonder of outgait and blether in the causey than
was discreet, Galt Provost ,i&z2) ix ; Stringing blethers up in
rhyme For fools to sing. Burns Vision, st. 4. Lnk. What's gram-
mars—Blethers, a vvheen silly havers, Fraser JVImiips (1895 iii.
Ir. He'd gabbed on galore, any blathers come into his head. Barlow
Bog-land tiSga'i 179. N.I.' Nhb. Jaw'd a heap o' blether, RoBSON
Evangeline 118701 355; Nhb.>, Cum.l, n.Yks.23 m.'Sf ks.i Thou
is making a bluther of it ! w.Yks. Ben hod read soa mich blather,
Yksnian. (1876) 44; w.Yks.^s Lan. End this jinglin' blether,
Waugh Sngs. (18661 82, ed. 1871 ; Lan.', n.Lan.i I.Ma. Come,
lay down, and no blather, Caine Deemster (1887) 218. Chs.i He's
getten nowt — nobbut pride an' blather. s.Chs.i Stf.^ 'Ei dunna
know what 'ei's seein' ef 'is toime ; 'ei's a' bictlier. nw.Der.*- s.Not.
(J.P.K.) Lin. Folk talks o' draaning fen, and such blather, Fenn
Dick o' the Fens 1 1888 ) iii. n.Lin.i, sw.Lia.1, Lei.i War.^ ; War.3
What a blather you children are making. Shr.l Som. W. Sc J.
CI. (1873). w.Som.i Oal dhee blad-ur! [hold thy jaw I]
Hence (i) Blatheration, sb. foolish talk; (2) Blather-
dash, sb. nonsense ; (3) Blathere.r, sb., (4) Blather-erra,
sb. a foolish talker; {5) Blath(e)rie, («) sb. foolishness,
deception, (b) adj. talkative; (6) Blatherment, sb. idle,
noisy talk ; (7J Blather(umjskite, 56. nonsense ; a foolish,
noisy fellow.
(i) Dmf. His poetry's no worth a groat. It's only bletheration,
QuiNN Heather Lintie fed. 1863^ 145. e Yks.' ;lfS. add. (T.H. 1
(2) Slk. Most empty bladderdash, Chr. North Noctes (ed. 1856)
I. 221. Rxb. (W.G.) (3) Bnff.' Stf.^ Ar owd mon's a reg'lar owd
blctherer. (4) UIs. Jones is nothing but a blather-erra (A.J. I.).
(5, a) Sc. Wha only deals in bletherie, Donald Poems (1867) 82.
Lnk, Frae ilka vice and blaidry free, Rams.w Poems (ed. 1800) 44
(Jam.). Ayr. FU no fash mysel' ony mair wi' this world's pelf and
blathrie of it, Galt Sir A. Il'v/ie (1822) xcvii. (i) n.Yks. She's
a windy bladdery woman (I.W.I. (6) n.Yks. Ah doubt Ah sal
be tiring o' tha wi' all this bladderment, Tweddell Clevel. Rliymcs
(1875) 50. n.Lin.i s.'Wor. An old man said, at the confusion of the
Rosebery administration, 'Then us a bee 'at un,o' thurblutherment'
(H.K.V w.Som.i Twuz noa'urt bud a blad'urmunt [a windy
harangue]. (7) Sc. He's an awfu' blatherumskite, Crockett Cleg
AV//y (1896I 146 ; Gang on yer gait, ye blatherskate. Sng. Maggie
Lauder; (W.G.) Ir. Wid your little black book full o' blatherem-
skyte. Barlow Z?o^'-/n«rf 1 1892) 132 ; (.R.M.Y.) Nhb.' Cum. He
is too much of a blatherskite to care for philosophy, Carlisle Patriot
(Oct, 7, i837\ ne.Yks. (M.C.F.M.) I.Ma. Blubbering cowards!
Aw, blatherskites, Caine Deemster (1889) 59. Not.^. Lei.i, War.^
[Amer, He was such a manly fellow, and no blatherskite, Deland
John irard(i88g; i]
2. Noise of any kind ; the lowing of a cow or calf.
Sc. Alio cam out wi a blatter, Don.ald Poems (1867) 166. Frf.
A blatter of wind and rain drove the door against the fireplace,
Barrie Lirht (1893) vi. Fif. Blast and blaw wi' sic a blatter,
Tennant Papistry (1827) 8. Dmf. Gun after gun play'd blitter
blatter, Mayne Si/ter Gun (1808I 90. Gall. Down near the blatter
of the sea, Crockett Raiders (1894) iii. n.Lin.^
3. A heavy fall.
N.I.' He fell a blatther on the groun*.
4. One who talks or behaves foolishly.
Sc. There will be Tarn the blutter, Ramsay Tea-Tahle Misc.
(1724^ I. 85, ed. 1871. Bnff.i Lnk. What does the blether think
Britain's made o' ? Wardrop /. jT/(///;iso« (1881) 31. Wgt. (A.W.)
n.Ir. .V. & Q. (1873 4th S. xii. 479; .R.M.Y.); N.I.l
5. Comp. (i) Blether-breeks, a braggart idle fellow; (2)
•breens, (3) -chops, (4) -guts, (5) -head (-yed), a noisy
fool; (6) -headed, foolish, noisy; (7) -lugs, a babbler,
tell-tale ; (8) Bladder-mouth, see -head ; (9) Blether-tail,
(loj -tongue, see -lugs.
(i) Nhb.' (2, 3, 4) Stf.2 (51 Cum. Ablggerset o' blether-heids
never metunderone roof afore, Dalby 7l/av»ovrf(i88o 88. n.Yks.
(I.W.^, ne.Yks.' w.Yks. Here we see a gurt hard-handed
bleethereead rowlin i' riches, >'is"<a«. (July, 1878) 10; w.Yks.^5
Lan. Tis seme nabob must be an iknorant bledderhyed. Walker
Plebeian Pol. 1,17961 51, ed. 1811 ; Lan.' Eh ! what a blether-yed
thaeart: when wilto give o'er talkin'. n.Lan. (W.H.H.l, Chs.',
Stf.«, nw.Der.i.Not. (J.H B.),n.Lin.i,Lei.i,War.3 w.Som.i Wur-z
dhee man'nrz' yu guurt bladur ai'd ! [where are thy manners?
you great bladder-head !] (6) Abd. What dare ye say, ye bladder-
headed ass. Either to me, or yet almut my lass? Shirrefs Pootjs
(1790)111. e.Yks.i, nw.Der.i Sus., Hmp. Holloway. (7) n.Yks.^
vSj w.Som.i Usually 'guurt blad-ur macwdh.' The consequent
adj. blad'ur maew'dhud [bladder-mouthed] is also very frequently
heard. (9) Cum. He can keep nowght, a greet bleddertail (J.D.).
(ro) w.Yks.5
6. Phr. Blethering Tom, the whitethroat, Sylvia cinerea.
Rnf. Swainson i3/>rfa' (1885 23.
[The same as Blather, z'.']
BLATHER, v} Sc. Irel. and all n. and midl. counties ;
also Mtg. GIo. Cmb. Som. Aus. Also in forms bladder
Som.; blatter Sc. Irel. N.Cy.' Nhb. n.Lin.^ Aus.;
bledder Cum. ne.Lan.'; blether in gen. use; blither
Der. ; blodder Wm. ; blether w.Yks.* ^ ne.Lan.'
nw.Der.i Not. sw.Lin.' Nhp.' War.^ ; bluther Nhb.
e.Yks. ne.Yks.i ; blutter Bnft'.' e.Lan.' [bla'Sa(rj,
ble-5a(r), bla'd3(r), ble d3(r).]
1. To talk foolishly, indiscreetly, or noisily, esp. to brag,
to tell tales.
Elg. I needna blether aboot the thing ye ken. Tester Poems
(1865) 138. Bnfi.i A taul' 'im a' aboot it. . . . He jist geed
into the neist door, an' bluttert it oot amo' thim a'. Rnf. In faith,
she wadna hold her tongue, But loud an' lang she blethered. Allan
Poems (1836) Jenny M'Jiisky. Ayr, Some are bus}' bleth'rin Riglit
loud that day. Burns Holy Fair 1,1785 ■. Edb. Tammie had gotten
his drappitkie ... so he blethered on from one thing to another,
MijiR Mansic Waiicli (18281 xv. Ir. Jim Gall.nher had been . . .
blatherin' about goin' after the macker'l. Barlow Kerrigan (1894)
144. N.I.' S.Don. Simmons G/. i 1890'. N.Cy.' Nhb. Dinnit stand
bletherin like a thick heeded cull, Bagnall Sngs. {c. 1850) 23 ;
Nhb.' Cum. Dost think I duddent know that afore I saw thee,
that thou must be blodderen oot ' It's a bad neet' ? Caine Shad.
Crime 11885) 18. Wm.l, n.Yks.' 2, ne.Yks.', e.Yks.' w.Yks.
Hlf.v. JVds.; w.Yks.l35 Lan. He'll blether an' talk about it o'
winter, Brierley Marlocks 1867 131; What arto bletherin' about ?
Waugu Heatlier, 244. ne.Lan.', e.Lan.' Chs. An' so he goes
abeawt bletherin' an' argyin', Yates Owd Peter, x. s.Chs.' Stf.*
Well, thcl co'st blether ! Der. What did the imp come blitheriu'
and botherin' there for? Verney Stone Edge (1868) i. nw.Der.',
Not. (J.H.B.) s.Not. A woman's no call to goo bletherin' an'
blawtin' about (J.P.K.V sw.Lin.', Nhp.' 'War. There you go
blatherin, Geo. Eliot F. Holt 1 1866 I. 202 ; (J.K.W. 1 Shr.' 'E
blathers an gosters all day lung; Shr.^ Brks. Doant'ee kep
blethering about fairings, Hughes T. Bro-v)i (1856) ii. Cmb.'
Som. W. & J. Gl. 1 1873 ; Jennings Dial. zv.Eng. (,1869).
Hence Blathering, (i) ppl. adj. talkative, foolish,
boastful ; (2) vbl. sb. loud or foolish talking, blabbing.
( I) Sc. Listening to twa blethering auld wives, Scott Old Mor-
tality (1815) xiii ; The Southron read out of their auld blethering
black mess-book there, ib. Nigel (18221 vii. Bnff.' Ayr. Thou
ne'er took such a bleth'ran b-tch Into thy dark dominion. Burns
Ep. on Noisy Polemic. Lnk. Wha could thole their bletherin'
mouth, Thomson Af»si»ifs ( 1881 i 34. n.Ir. (AJ.I.) n.Cy. Hear
that blethering chap miscaaing the Eskdale folk, Cunningham
Border Sketches (1894) iii ; N.Cy.^ A person who sa^-s much to
little purpose is called 'a blathering hash.' Nhb. Then what use
wad the noodles be? Wi a' thor blethrin jaw, Wilson 5/!.5-s. (1890)
48 ; Nhb.' Cum.2 A lawyer neist, wi' bletherin' gab, Sng. Jenny's
Bawbee. n.Yks.', w.Yks.^ Lan. But Hamlet's a crazy bletherin'
foo, Ashton Basin o' Broth, 24. I.Ma. You great blethering oma-
thaun, Caine j1/n;i.v/);a«(i894l xxi. s.Chs.' Soa' un Soa')z uter'ubl
blaadh'iirin fclu [So and So's a terrible boastful fellow]. Stf.^
Der. A bletherin windy chap. Ward David Grieve (1892) I. vi.
Not. (L.C.M ), ■War.^a (2 Bnff.', n.Ir. (R.M.Y. \ n.Yks.', m.Yks.l
2. To make any disturbance or commotion ; to cry out.
Sc The win's blew, an blatter'd agayne that house, Henderson
St. Matt. ( 1862 I vii. 27 ; I wish ye wadna blatter the table, Barrie
Thrums 1889 ) xv. Ayr. The rain blattered, the windows clattered,
Galt Provost (1822) xxiv. Gall. He will gar them blatter and
bleeze upon the burning coals of hell! Crockztt Moss-Hags{i8g5)
xxii. ne.Ir. To make a loud clattering noise by striking with sticks,
cabbage stocks, &c., against people's doors after dark, and then
running off. This custom, though fast wearing out, is still practised
by bo_vs on the Eve of All Hallows, Grose i 17901 MS. add. (C.)
N.Cy.' Nhb. The baj'rne was blutherin and slverin leykc a drownin
whelp, Bewick Howdy (,1850! 14; Nhb.', Due' Cum. He
bledder'd, od- white te', ton's broken my shins, Hutchinson Hist.
Cum. (.1794': II 323. Wm.', n.Yks.1 e.Yks. Nicholson F/k-Sp.
(1889) 53; e.Yks.', m.Yks.' w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (_Nov. 7,
1890; w.Yks.' He blothcr'd an slavver'd like onny bull cauf, ii.
288; w.Yks.5 Lan. He blatthersand slivvers. Ridings il/KSf (1853)
15 ; Th' thunner blethurt like a great nowty lad, Brierley
7'rtte(i854)96. ne Lai.', e Lan.', m.Lan.' s.Lan.BAMF0RD Z)/a/.
BLATHER
[293]
BLAY
(1850) Gl. Chs.i3, Der.l Not. Look at that fool blethering about
[galloping and jumping unnecessarily, out luinting], he'll break his
neck (L.C.M.) ; (J.H.B.) Lin. Then what hcv ye coom blairin'
and blctherin' here fur! Gilbeil Kiigge {1866) II. 188; Streat-
FEiLD Lin. and Dunes (1884) 317. n.L<n. Sutton IVds. 1881);
n.Lui.'. Lei.i, Nhp.' War.^ : War.^ How the sparrows area-blather-
ing. Shr.2 Mtg. What's Jack blethering at ? I'll strap him, if he
dunna give over (E. R.M.I. Cmb.' [s.Qnslnd. Blattered away
wildly with his revolvers, Nisget Bail tif> (1890) xli.]
Hence (il Blothered,//i. foamed, bellowed ; (2) Blether-
ing,/>/>/. ad/, noisy, weeping; (3) Eluthering, J'W. 56. noise,
loud weeping.
(i) w.Yks.', Nhp.l (2) Lnk. Blatterin' rain, an' rattlin' hail,
Hamilton PooHS (18651 102. Lth. Angry Boreas lourlj' skirling,
Drave his blatt'ring hailstanes dour, Bruce Poems (1813I 167.
Cum. A blethering long-tongued fellow (J. P.). w.Yks.^ Not.^
A blothering cow soon forgets her calf s.Not. Goo an' stop that
blctherin cauf (J.P.K.). sw Lin.' (3) Gall. Amid the blattering
of the snow, Ckockltt Bog- Myrtle (1895) bk. 11. i. e.Yks. Nichol-
son Ftk-Sp. (1889) 53 ; e.Yks. 1 Let's he' ne mair o' that blutherin
an beealin. w.Yks. Banks Wkfld. Wds. (1865I; Shut up wi thi
bletherin'jTojiTREDDLEHOYLE Clock Aim. (1874) 41.
3. To talk indistinctly. N.I.', Glo.' ^
[ON. blaSra, to talk indistinctly, to talk nonsense ; cp.
Sw. dial, bladdra (Rietz), Norw. dial, blcdra, bladre
(Aasen).]
BLATHER, sb? Sc. Yks. Lin. Also written bladther
ne.Yks.i; blatter n. Yks. e.Yks. w.Yks.' * n. Lin.'; blether
n.Lin.' ; bluther Sc. n.Yks.'^ iie.Yks.' m.Yks.' sw.Lin.'
Cf. batter. [blatSalD, blefalr), blatsfr).]
1. Soft mud, dirty rubbish of any kind.
n.Sc. Any kind of liquid or semi-liquid substance, usually cither
dirty or disgusting i W.G.J, n. Yks. Wa river az to bin ? dhus splash 't
Olouar wi blatar (W.H.I. ne.Yks.', e.Yks.' w.Yks. T'ducks hcd
nibbald amengt'blatter, Tom Treddlehoyle Bairnsla Ann. (1861 )
51; Hlfx. IVds. ; w.Yks.'s n.Lin.l Well, ther' is sum blether upo'
them theare Glouccstershecre roads ! sw.Lin.*
Hence Blatherment, sb. mud, slime, adhesive dirt.
n Yks.'2, ne.Yks.i, m.Yks.' sw.Lin.' I'm getting some of this
old blatherment off the road.
2. Batter, a thin mixture of flour, milk, and eggs for
pudding, or pancakes.
n.Yks. A think wil av 3 blator pudin [Yorkshire pudding] tode
(W.H.). e.Yks. ' Batter' is known as 'blatlher,' NiCHOLsofj /7/t-
S/>. (1889"! 53. w.Yks. Ahni noane bahn to eyt that mak o' blattei-
(.^.B.) ; Pancake Tuesd.iy al hev it sleeves rowl'd up . . . an'
mixin' t'blattcr, Daiiiisia Ann. (1867) 8 ; Hlfx. IVds. ; w.Yks.",
n.Lin.'
Hence Blattery, adj. thin, semi-fluid.
w.Yks. (^.B.)
3. Foul weather; a spell of bad weather. Cf blawthir.
Bnff. It'sjist a perfit blaalher o' weather. Cf. ' It's dirto' waader'
(W.G.).
Hence Bluthrie, adj. wet, stormy.
Bnff. It's bluthiric kin' o' weather vW.G.).
BLATHER, v.'^ Sc. Yks. e.An. Also written bludder
Sc. ; bluiter (Jam.) ; bluther Sc. Yks. e.An.
1. To besmear with mud, blood, or tears. Cf blubber.
Abd. For bleed frae's niou' and niz did bang, And in grytc burns
did bludder His face that day, Skinner Poems (18091 6. ed. 1859 ;
Gin . . . drunken chapins bluther a' his face, Siiirrefs Poems
(1790I 42. e.Yks.', e.An.', Nrf.'
2. To blot in writing. e.An.', Nrf
3. To make untidy or foul.
n.Yks.2 'It bluthers it's meat,' said of a calf, that pushes its nose
into its gruel and blows it about.
Hence (i) Blathered, ppl. adj., (2) Blathery, n^'. muddy,
splashed, wet ; defaced.
\i) Abd. Bluddert now with strypes of tears and sWeat, Ross
Ilelenore (1768) 27, cd. 1812. e.Sc. The first ane | postmark) was
awfu' bluthered, Setoun 5;(H5Amf (1895) '^6. e.Yks.' Ah'v getlen
blather'd up tt my een (s.v. HIpthery). (2) Bnff. This blaathrio
weather 'ill seen rot the slooks (W.G.). n.Yks. This is a blatterv
URSS (I.W.i; n.Yks.i ; n.Yks.= It's blathery walking. ne.Yksi'
e.Yks. Rooad was all blathery, Nicholson l-'IkSp. u88g"i 33;
e.Yks.' w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Si<pf>l. (Oct. 17, 1891) ; W.Yks.'
BLATHER, see Bladder.
BLATTER, see Blather.
BLAUD, see Blad.
BLAUKE, V. and sb. Wxf.' Also written blauyke.
1. V. To cry out, as a sheep or calf; to bawl. Cf blake.
2. sb. The cry of a kid or calf
BLAUNCH, sb. Stf Nhp. War. e.An. [bl^ntj.] A
blotch or while spot upon the skin.
Stf.' Nhp.i The child h.as such a rash, it's all in blaunchcs.
War.^, e.An.'
I In the neck thereof are two blanches, Topsell Serpents
(1607/ 765. Cp. blaucli, white, Fr. blanc/ie, f o( blauc.\
BLAUNDERS, sb. pi. Yks. Der. Written blawnders
n.Yks."; blounders Der." nw.Der.' [blondaz.]
1. Mucus, blowings from the nose. n.Yks."
2. A disease in horses, affecting the respiratory glands ;
the glanders.
Der.", nw.Der.'
BLAUTHY, see Bloaty.
BLAVER, sb. Sc. Nhb. (i) Campamda rotund iflora,
harebell; (2) Centaiirea cyantis, corn bluebottle.
(T) Twd. (Jam. s.v. Blawort). (21 Khb.'
[It is possible that blaver may repr. in form Fr. blavier,
of or belonging to corn, or corn land (Cotgr.). But there
are many Fr. names for the bluebottle wh. arc der. fr. Fr.
dial, blave, blue, such as bkwe, blawllc, bhivct (cp. mod. Fr.
bhiiet) ; see Hatzfeld.]
BLAW, V. Cor. Also written bla, blawh. [big.] To
believe; to fancy, imagine.
Cor. Ah . . . wor theere, I reckon, and scores beside, I blaw,
Tregellas Tales (i860) 32, ed. 1865 ; That's a fine an' short bed.
I must crudley-up, I blawh, Forfar Penlozvan (1859 1 i ; Aw purty
temper sure iiuif, 1 blaw, says I, Jimmy Tiebilcock 1^1863) 15 ; In
common use 1 M.A C.) ; Cor." 95.
BLA'W, see Blow.
BLA'WCH, V. and sb. Yks. Also in form blotche.
[bl9tj.]
1. V. To gossip, to talk idly.
w.Yks. Quite common (M.F.) ; w.Yks.*
Hence Blawching, />/>/. adj. noisy, talkative.
w.Yks. A greeat blawchin woman, Banks IVkJId. IVds. (1865).
2. sb. Loud talking; a noisy fellow.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Snppl. (Feb. 9, 1884)8; Banks IVkjld. IVds.
(1865-.
BLA-WORT, sb. Sc. Nhb. Also in form blawart,
blawirt, blaewort. [ble-wart.]
1. The harebell. Campanula rotundifolia.
2. The corn bluebottle, Ccntamca cyanus.
Sc. Wi' his dow'd nose as blue's a blawart, Drummond Mticko-
inachy ( 1846) 25 ; His poor wizened houghs as blue as a blawart,
Scott St. Ronan (1824) xx. Bnff. His face is as blae's a bllawvirt
(W.G.). Abd. As blue as blaeworts, Alexander Johnny Cibb
(1871) viii. nw.Abd. They're jist a blawirt blue, Goodu'i/e (iS6^)
St. 20. Nhb.i
[Bla (see Blae) -I- zvort ]
BLA'W?, V. and sb. Sc. 1. v. To belch, to heave up
water (Jam.). 2. sb. An accumulation of watery matter
under the skin. Ayr. (J.F.)
[A contr. o{ blaw up, equiv. to lit. E. bloio up.]
BLAWTH, V. Dev. To blow.
Dev. The wind blauths one about. Reports Provinc. (1884) 12;
Dev.3 The wind blaw'ths za 'ard tez 'nuff ta blaw ce awver tha
clifTs.
BLA-WTHER, v. Yks. [bl9'tS3(r).] To bungle or
blunder ; to stumble.
e.Yks. Not common i,R.S.); e.Yks.l
Hence Blawthering, ppl. adj. clumsy, awkward, blun-
dering.
e Yks. A great blawthering fella (R.S.") ; e.Yks.'
BLA'WTHIR, s/). Sc.^ Wet weather. Cf blather, sA."
Bnff.' We've hid sad bk-iwthir o' weather for a file back.
Hence Blawthirie, adj. very wet.
Bnff.' The hail month o' Mairch wiz blawthirie kj-ne o'
weather.
BLAY, ,■;/;.' Obs. ? Ess. A blaze.
Es^. Moiilhty Mai;. ■ 1814) I. 498; Gl. (1851).
BLAY, :■. and sA." Irel. Yks. [ble.]
1. V. To bleat.
n.Yks." c.YPs.' i1/.S. a(/</. (T.II.) m.Yks.»
BLAZE
[ 294 ]
BLEACH
2. To shout. Wxf.i
Hence Blayeen, vbl. sb. shouting.
Wxf.' Zitch blakeen, and blayeen, 84.
3. sb. The bleating of sheep.
e.Yks.i J/5, arfrf. (T.H.)
[1. The lambs goe blaying up and downe, Breton
Anion's Lacrhnae (1598) 275 ; He knows not the Weaving
of a calf from the song of a nightingale, Sidney Wansiead
Past. (1591) 622 (Dav.).]
BLAZE, sb.^ Sc. Irel. Written bleeze (Jam.), [blez,
bllz.]
1. In phr. fi) fo put one's beard in a blase, (2) to put in a
blase, to get into a rage.
(i') Sc. A wee thing puts your beard in a bleeze, Ramsay Prov.
(1737) ; This put MacCullum More's beard in a bicize, Scott Rob
Roy V1817) xiv. (2) n.Sc. We pat 'im in a fine blaze fin we tellt
'im o's lass tackin up wi' the coo bailie l,W.G.). Ayr. My dis-
courses set up the theological weavers in a bleese, Galt Ann.
Parish (1821) iv.
2. A faggot. Wxfi
3. A sudden blast of a dry wind. Fif. (Jam.)
BLAZE, sb.^ and f.^ Yks. Lin. Brks. Aus. [blez.]
1. sb. A white mark on a horse's face. Cf bald.
Yks. If the mare has a bald face, the filly will have a blaze, Prov.
in Brigltouse News (Sept. 14, 1889^. w.Yks.* Lin. Streatfeild
Ltn. and Danes {i&Qn, ■^I'j. n.Lin.', sw.Lin.i Brks. [A mare] if
it wasn't for the blaze in her face, Hughes Scour. White Horse
(1859) ii.
Hence Blazer, sb. a common name for a horse.
w.Yks.*
2. A mark made by slicing off a piece of the bark of a
tree.
sw.Lin.i [Aus. She would more than once have missed [the
path] if it had not been for the blaizes or marks on the trees,
Harrison Kara Yeiia, xxi.]
3. V. To mark a tree by slicing off a piece of the bark.
n.Lin.i, sw.Lin.i [Aus. He carefully followed the track of the
line of trees which had been blazed, Praed Romance 0/ Station
(1890) I. iv.]
[1. White face or blaze is a white mark upon horses
descending from the forehead, almost to the nose. Sports-
man's Diet. (1785); A black bull . . . with a fair square
blaze in his forehead, Fuller Pisgah (1650) bk. iv. vii.
Cp. MLG. blasenhengst, a horse with a white forehead
(Schiller-Lubben) ; MHG. i/assc, a white mark on the
forehead of a beast (Lexer) ; so MDu. blasse (Verdam) ;
Sw. dial, blassa (Rietz), Norw. dial, blesa (Aasen).]
BLAZE, v.'^ n.Cy. Yks. Lin. Dev. Also written bloaze
w.Yks.i
1. Of lightning: to strike. n.Lin.*^
2. Fig. To flare up, to get angry.
Dev. Charles waxed angry and blazed red, Baring-Gould Spider
(1887) xiii ; 'You cur!' exclaimed Hillary, blazing up, ib. xix.
n.Dev. Then tha wut chocklee and bannee and blazee, Exm. Scold.
(1746) 1. 233.
3. To catch salmon by torchlight, by striking them with
a dart or ' leister.' N.Cy.^
Hence Blazing, vbl. sb. catching salmon by torchlight.
■w.Yks.* T'surfeit he gat last Kersmas wi' bloazing, ii. 286.
4. Comp. Blaze-wig, a jocular term for an uproarious
old man.
n.Yks.=, m.Yks.' w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Siififil. (Oct. 24, iSqiV
BLAZE, t;.3 Sc. Nhb^ Yks. Der. Lin. Also Dev. Cor.
Written bleeze Sc. [blez, bliz.]
1. To spread abroad news or scandal ; also with pers.
obj. to calumniate.
Rnf, Syne blaze ane As soon's they turn their backs, Tannahill
Poems (1807) 84. n.Yks. An all round th' village it wer bleeazed,
Castillo Poems (1878) 20. Der.'^, nw.Der.' n.Lin.' He blaazed
them mucky lees all thrif cuntry side, he did. Dev. Ef 30u've
a-told Alice James about yer uncle . . . her'U be blazing it awl awver
tha place, Hewett Peas. Sp. (18921 ; He no sooner heard than he
blazed it. w. Times (Mar. 5, 18B6) 2, col. 2. Dev., Cor. Monlltlv
Mag. (1808, H. 423.'
Hence Blazing, //i/. adj. gossiping, slanderous.
n.Dev. Oil the neighbourhooden knovvth thee to be a veaking
blazing tiltish hussey, E.\in. S old. (1746) 1. 43.
2. To make a great bluster ; to brag, boast.
Sc. To sit there bleezing away with your tales, Scott Pirate
(1821) v; Ye're no to be bleezing and blasting about your
master's name, ib. Rob Roy (181 7) xxvii. Dmb. He bleezes
away . . . like whins on fire. Cross Disruption 1 1844) xiii, Abd.
He cam' hame fae the dominie's bleezin, Alexander Jolinny
Gibb (1871 ! xix. e Lth. She was braggin an' bleezin awa aboot
their Free Kirk, Hunter /. Imvick 1,1895) 94. Nhb. They're
bleezing aye o' what they'll do, Coquetdale Sngs. (1852) 60.
Dev. Whot's Bet blazing about now then ? — 'Tez the likes ov she tu
holly za 'ard's 'er can, Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892).
Hence (i) Blazing, ppl. adj. blustering, boasting; (2)
Blazing-fou, adj. in that state of intoxication when one
becomes uproarious.
(i) Sc. Ye have ever loved to hear the blawing, blazing stories,
Scott 7?crf^. (1824) Lett, ix ; I never was a bleezing chiel, Cobban
Andaman i 1895) xiv. (2) Bnflf,'
[To blaze, to publish, to set or spread abroad, Kersey
(1715) ; He . . . began to publish and to blase abrode the
word, Rheims (1582) Mark i, 45, Cp. MDu. blasen, to
blow a trumpet, to announce by the sound of a trumpet
(Verdam).]
BLAZED, pp. Sc. Written bleezed. [bllzd.] In a
state in which intoxicating liquors begin to operate.
(i) Sc, He looked bleezed like (Jam.). Per. He was a wee
bleezed (G.W.). Ayr. Not common (J,F,),
Hence Bleezy, adj. affected in the eyes, as by alcoholic
excitement.
Sc, Their faces grew red, and their eyes bleezy, Eraser's Mag.
(1833) VII, 62, Per, Known, but not common (G,W."). Ayr.
U-F.)
BLAZER, sb. Nhb. Yks. Written bleezer Nhb,';
bloazer Yks, [bliz3(r),] A hood or draught-tin put
before the fire to make it burn up.
Nhb. I Put the bleezer up, and let's hev a lowe. n.Yks. (I.W.\
wYks. (^.B.)
BLAZNICKS, sb. pi. Sc. Large and showy orna-
ments.
Bnff.' He hiz great blaznicks o' braiss buttons on's jacket.
BLEA, see Blae.
BLEACH, i',\ 5*,' and adv. Sc, Nhb. Chs. Also
written bleech Sc. ; bleetch, blaych Chs.^ [blitj.]
1. V. To strike, to beat. Also of rain : to drive in.
Bnff.i Nhb, I Is your roof tight 1 — It's aal tight, except when the
rain bleaches, Chs. I'll blaych yer sides (E,M,G.) ; Chs,'
Hence (i) Bleacher, sb., (2) Bleaching, vbl.sb. a severe
stroke, a beating about ; (3) Bleaching, ppl. adj. used as
adv. with intensive force ; cf banging.
(i) Bnff.l (2) Bnff.l Nhb.' Aa wis oot iv aall the wet, and what
a bleachin aa gat I (3) s,Chs,' Ahy dii)nu lahyk dhem blee'chin
ot ruwms fur chee'z [1 dunna hke them bleachin' hot rowms
(rooms) for cheese].
2. To fall flat.
Edb. He drove his head thro' a lookmg-glass and bleached back
on his hands and feet on the carpet, MoiR Mansie IVaucli (1828J ii.
3. To wander.
Nhb.' He's aye gan bleachin aboot.
4. sb. A blow, a stroke.
Bwk. Hit it a bleech Tarn Fish, Henderson Pop. R/tvnies '1856)
85. Chs. I'll give thee a good bleetch, S/ifa/i,i878j 1,76; (E.M,G.);
Chs.'
5. adv. Violently, with a heavy blow.
Edb. Gave him such a kick and a push that he played bleach
over, head foremost, MoiR Mansie IVaiicli ^1828) v.
[Prob. the same as ME. bleclien, to hurt, injure. Huo
[et hejest ualb, pe zorer he him blecheth, Ayenbite (1340)
238. Norm. Pic. blecliicr, OFr. blecicr (mod. blcsser), to
wound (Hatzfeld, s,v. Bleclie).]
BLEACH, sb.^ Nhb. A black carbonaceous shale,
found in or near a coal seam,
\ibh. Borings {iWi) II, 107; Nhb,'
[The same word as bleach, ME. bleeche, ink, shoemakers'
black. Atramentum, an"' Bleche, Trin. Coll. 3IS. (c. 1450)
in Wright's Foe. 566,]
BLEACH, sb.^ e.An.' A drying-ground used for
'bleaching' linen.
BLEACH, i'.2 Chs.'3 To cut a hedge. See Pleach.
BLEACIIY
[295 J
BLECK
BLEACHY, rt^^'.i Wil. Dor. Som. [bljtji.] Of water:
saltish, brackish.
Wil.' Dor. It makes the stuff [rum] taste bleachy, Hardy IVts.
Tales (1888) 240. Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eng. ^1825;;
W. & J. Gl. (1873).
BLEACHY, (7f)>-.« Nhp. [blltji.] Pale.
Nhp. Nodding lands of wheat in bleachy brown, Clake Village
Min, (1821) II. 194 ; The mowers swept the bleachy corn, ib. Rur.
Muse (1835) 106.
[Bleach + -y. Bleach repr. ME. bleche, pale. Ac ]o\i
sselt ueste, al huet (until) Jiou art bleche and Ihenc,
Ayenbite (1340) 53. OE. bl(ic, pale, livid.]
BLEAK, adj. and sb. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Bdf. Hnt.
e.An. Also written bleak e.An.' [bilk.]
1. adj. Pale, wan, sickly-looking.
Lei.' Nhp.' The child looks a good bit better, but it's very bleak
yet ; Nhp.* War.3, Bdf. (J.W.B.) Hnt. I can't justly say as she
were well. She were looking so wankley and bleak, N. & Q.
(1868) 4th S. ii. 295. e.An.' [iK.)]
2. Sheepish. e.An.'
3. sb. The bleakness of the wind ; an exposed, wind-
swept position.
sw.Lin.' It Stan's in the bleak here. The bleak catches it round
the corner. Standing in the bleak as they are. It's just on the
bleak of the hill.
[1. B\eak, pallidas, Skinner (1671) ; Vertues steely bones
Lookes bleake i'th cold wind, Shaks. All's Well, i. i. 115
(ed. 1623); This Iris bath his flower of a bleake white
colour declining to yellownessc, Gerarde Herb. (1597)
ed. 1633, 51.]
BLEAK, t». m.Yks.' [bilk.] To talk in a noisy, empty
way. Cf. blake, t'.*
BLEAK-BLEAK, sb. Sc. The cry of the hare.
Abd. In spring and the early part of summer it utters its low
crj- of ' bleak-bleak,' Smiles Sc. Nalur. 1 1876) 106.
BLEAR. !'.' and sb. Sc. Yks. Lan. Also written bleer
Sc. ; blair Bnff.' [bliar, bli3(r).]
L V. To obscure the vision ; also Jig. to deceive, and in
phr. to blear the eye, to blind by flattery.
Sc. I want nane o' your siller ... to make ye think I am blear-
ing your ee, Scott Guy M. (1815) xxxix. Rnf. Flashes mair, mair
bleer't my e'e, Nkilson Poems (18771 39. Lan. (J.L.)
Ilence Bleared, ppl. ad), dim-sighted.
Sc. We hounds slew the hare, quoth the bleer'd messan, Ramsay
Prov. (1737). Lth. When she saw him leading past, Ane bleared,
o' gipsey hue, Bruce Pot.tis (1813) 49 ; Sleeps a' day, and drinks
a' night. And staggers hame in braid daylight Bleerit an' scaur,
Ballantine Poems (1856) 68. Rnf. For I grew bleert and doited,
Allan Ev. Hours (1836) la ; Rab lookit as blear't as a houlit
When tryin' to glower at the sun, Barr Poems (1861) 89.
2. sb. In phr. to draw the blear over the eyes, to cheat, to
deceive.
Sc. O weel is he, ye wight baron. Has the blear drawn o'er his
e'e, Jamieson Pop. Ballads (1806) I. 164. Bnff.'
3. An inflamed place from a draught of air upon the hot
skin ; in pi. traces of weeping.
Sc. Ye gang craz't, wi' bleers adoun yer cheeks, Tarras Poems
(1804) 114. n.Yks.2
[1. His eyes be so bleared with drinkying that they be
as reed as a fyrret. . . . He is nat in Englande that can
bleare his eye better than I can. ... I bleare, I begyle
by dissymulacyon, Palsgr. (1530) ; But, by my thrift, yet
shal I blere hir ye For al the sleighte in hir philosophj'c,
Chaucer C. T. a. 4049. Cp. Bremen blarr-oge, an eye
dimmed with weeping; blarre 11, to weep {IVtbch.); Holstein
blaroog, blaren (Idiotikon) ; see also Berghaus.J
BLEAR, V? Cum. Yks. [bli3(r).] To expose oneself
to the cold.
n.Yks.' Blearing out in the cold, bareheaded and with no
happings ; n.Yks.* They run blearing about without cap or bonnet.
m.Yks.'
BLEARED, ppl. adj. Sc. Of milk, porridge, &c. :
thin, of a bluish colour. Cf bleery.
Sc. He went in to his supper of thin bleared sowins, Hogg
Wint. Ev. Talcs 1 1820) 335.
BLEARY, adj.^ Sc. Irel. [bliari]
1. Dini-sightcd, watery-eyed. See Blear, d.'
Sc. Looks blirt and bleerie, Donald Poems (1867) 105. Frf.
Sae broken an' blearie, An' daivert an' drearie, . . . He sought i'
the houQT, Laing Wayside Firs. (1846) 115.
2. In co)iip. Blearyeen, inflamed eyes. N.I.'
[He was bytelbrowed and baberlupped, with two blery
eyen, P. Plowman (c.) vii. 198.]
BLEARY, adj.'^ Cum. Yks. [bliari] Bleak, windy,
cold, showery.
Cum. Oh give me back my native hills, If bleak or bleary, grim
or gray, Mackay Lost Beauties Etig. Lang. (1874) 39; It's a terrible
bleary day (E.W.P.) ; Cum.', n.Yks.*
BLEAT, adj. Glo. Ken. Sur. Sus. Wil. Also written
bleit, bleat Glo. [blTt] Cold, bleak.
Glo. This is a bleet place, Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.) Ken.
(K.); Ken.', Sur.', Sus.'
Hence Bleat, sb. bleak weather, coldness, chilliness.
Ken. You catch the full bleat of it [the wind] there (W.F.S.).
Wil.' A wur up at hill wi' the ship out in the bleat, an' a cudden
get into the succour nowur, 211.
BLEATER, sb. Sc. [blitar.] The cock snipe.
Sc. The bleater came bumping from the moss, Hogg Queer Bk.
(1832) 42. Rxb. Thebobtailed bleeters o' the fells, Riddell Poet.
VVks. (1871') I. 246.
[So called from its bleating sound.]
BLEATING, vbl. sb. Hmp.' [blltin.] The noise
made by the wings of the snipe.
BLEAZE, sb. Pem. Also written bleaza. [bllz] A
bladder.
s.Pem. Laws Lit/lc Eng. (1888) 418; Bring the bleaze 'ere, I
want soom laard (.W. M.M.).
[This repr. an OE. *bla:se, a bladder; cp. MHG. blase
(Lexer), OHG. bldsa.]
BLEB, sb. and i;.' Sc. Nhb. Dun Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Stf Der. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. Also written blib
Stf [blab.]
1. sb. A bubble, a drop of liquid ; a blister. See Blob,
Blibe.
n.Cy. (K.); Grose (1790) ; N.Cy.12, Nhb.', Dur.' Cum. Thy
chafts is o' covered ower wid girt blebs, Dickinson Cumhr. (,1876)
294; Cum.' Wm. My feet have blebs on them (B.K.); Wm.'
n.Yks.' He hannles's tool agin he 'ad blebs ivhishaands; n.Yks.*,
ne.Yks.' e.Yks. Marshall 7?;(r. £■««. (1788 1 ; Mah stockin had
all ruckt up i mi beeat, an raised a bleb o' mi heel, Nicholson
FIt-Sp. (1889) 95 ; e.Yks.', m.Yks.', w.Yks.'s Lan.' He scalded
hissel, an' his skin wur a' i' blebs. n.Lan. Thiar's 3 bleb razan n
mai hand(W.S.); n.Lan,', ne.Lan.', Stf.', Der.', Not.'3. n.Lin.'.
Lei.' Nhp. The spider's lace is wet with pinhead blebs of dew,
Clare 7?t';;;ai"s (1873 ) 149; Nhp.'
Hence Blebby, adj. covered with blisters.
n.Yks.2 w.Yks. His hand was all blebby tH.I,.).
2. pi. An eruption of the skin, to which children are
subject. Lth. (Jam.)
3. V. To bubble, to cover with drops of liquid ; to rise in
blisters.
Sc. Ye're blebbin' yoursel a' wi' your porridge ("Jam. '^. Wm.',
n. Yks.*, m. Yks.' w.Yks. A farmer said of Eno's Fruit Salt ' It fair
blebs i' my throit'i^C.W.H.) ; iJ.T.); w.Yks.s Blebb'd an' blistered.
Lin. He fiU'd 'em [the glasses] up, the wine did bleb. Brown Lit.
Laur. (18901 70. Nhp. And bleb the withering hay with pearly
gems, Clare Village Min. (1821) II. 84 ; Black-eyed bean-flowei
blebbed with dew, ib. Remains (1873) 207.
[Bleb (not much used), a blister. Ash (1795) ; A bleb,
a blister, a blain ; also a bubble or bladder in the water,
Bailey (1755); Bleb, Vesica, Skinner (1671).]
BLEB, v.^ n.Sc. (Jam.) To drink, to sip. Hence
Blebber, sb. a tippler.
BLECK, sb. and v.^ Nhb. Yks. Chs. [blek.]
1. sb. Coagulated grease at the friction points of machinery
or the axle of a wlieel. Cf. bletch.
Yks. Taken off the cart wheels or ends of the axle tree and kept
till it is dry [and] made up in balls w"> which the taylors rub and
blacken their thread (K.). n.Yks.' Thce's gotten the-sel a' clamed
wi' cart bleck, honey! n.Yks.* ne.Yks.' Thoo mucky bairn;
thoo's gitten thi feeace daub'd ower wi bleck. e.Yks.', m.Yks.',
Chs. '3
Hence Blacky, adj. clogged with cart-grease.
n.Yks. T'cart-vvhcclsis varry blecky ; clean it off, and put some
more cart-grease on (I. W. ; I have never heard it from a mechanic,
except country blacksmiths. It is essentially rustic (^R.H.H.).
BLECK
[296]
BLELLUM
2. Pitch or tar upon ropes. Nhb.*
3. V. To besmear with ' bleck ' ; to become coagulated,
as grease in a machine.
m.Yks. :T.S.), e.Yks.l
[1. Blecke, afraiiien/imi, Levins Manip. (1570) ; Blecke,
atramcntiim. Prompt (Pynson's ed. 1499 (. Cp. Norw.
dial, blekk, ink (Aasen) ; ON. bhk. 3. To blecke, nigrare,
Levi.ns Manip.; To blek, attramentare, Cath. Angl.
(1483).]
BLECK, V? Sc. [blek.] To baffle, surpass. Cf.
blaik, V.
Abd. Sic follies vain, distress an' crimes, As bleck imagination,
Still Cottar's Sunday (1845') 174; He wud bleck's breeder ony
day, Ale-xander yo/;««y Gibb (1871) x. Slk. That blecksa' (Jam.j.
BLEDDER, see Blather.
BLEDDOCH, see Bladoch.
BLEE, s6.' Obsol. or obs. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Der. Lin.
1. Colour, complexion ; esp. in phr. /o blench a blee. to
change colour.
N.Cy.i Nhb. Bright shall ever be thy bice, Richardson Boy-
derer's Tabk-bk. (1846) VIII. 163. w.Yks. Willan List JP'i/s.
(1811). Der. Be blythe of blood, of bone, and blee, Jewitt
Ballads (1867) 12 ; All blackned the knight's blee, ib. 30. n.Lin.^
Only occurs coupled with blench. She niver blenched a blee,
whativer he said to her.
2. Gladness.
Lan. So I went stridink owey, full o' blee, Paul Bobbin Sequel
(1819) 17.
[If all my blee be as bright As blossome on brere, York
Plays [c. 1400)220; Thou art bryght of blee, SiV £)n'/a;«oi/r
(c. 1400) Ixxx, in Thornton Romances (1844) 160. OE.
bin).]
BLEE, sA.= Yks. [bli.] A tear.
n.Yks.i ; n.Yks.^ A saut blee.
BLEE, adj. and sb.^ Rut. Nhp. Also written blea
Nhp.i [bll.]
1. adj. Raw and cold. See Blae, adj.
Rut. (P.G.D.) ; Rut.i Nhp. While on the bare blea bank do yet
remain Old Winter's traces, Clare Village AIin. (1821) II. 177 ;
Nhp.' That garden lies full blee for the east winds.
2. sb. Bleak weather from an exposed quarter.
Rut.i The wind an' the frostes makes fine work with the black-
berries, partic'lar where the blee comes.
BLEE, see Ely.
BLEEAN, V. Obsol. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Also
written blean Cum. n.Lan.' ; blaan w.Yks.' ; blane
n.Yks.' ne.Yks.' ; blain Cum. [blian.] To bleach or
whiten linen by exposing it a little to the wind without
letting it dry thoroughly.
Cum. LiNTuN Lake Cy. (1864") 297 ; Said of clothes hung out
on a damp day, * If they dunnet dry, they'll bicane, and bide less
dryin' by t'fire' (M.P.). Wm.' T'cleeas ir nobbut just bleeant.
n.Yks.' Tak' they cleeas oot and lay 'em on t'gerss t'bleean.
w.Yks.' I'd nobbudbrout in th' claaths at were just blaaned, ii. 287.
ne.Lan.'
[Bli'e, dingy-coloured, grey (see Blae, adj.) + \h\. suff.
-en. as in n'liiteu, vb.]
BLEED, V. and sb. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Nhp. Dor.
Som. Dev. Also written bleead n.Yks.'^ ; blid Dor. Som.
Dev. [blid.]
1. V. To cover with blood.
Dev. She Weeded herself all over, Rcfoits Proviiic. (1883) 82.
2. Of coal : to emit water through its pores.
Nhb.' Nhb., Dur. Nicholson CoalTr. Gl. (,1888).
3. Of corn, &c. : to yield well.
Sc. The aits dinnae bleed wecl the year, but the blecr bleeds
weel (jAM.y n.Cy. {K.) ; N.Cy.'^, Nhb.' e.Yks. Good free oates
that bledde well. Best Rtir. Eeoii. ( 1641") 52. w.Vks.'. Nhp.'
Hence Bleeder, sb. Of corn : that which ' bleeds ' or
yields, producer.
Sc. A guid bleeder, an ill bleeder (Jam.).
4. In phr. to need bleeding for the simples, expressive of
great folly.
Lan. I's pity t'fellow that taks Belt for a wife, for I's sur' that
he'll need bleedin' for t'simplcs, 'Eavesdropper' ViU. SketJics
U869^ 56.
5. sb. In comb, (i) Blid and eyes, intensive phr.; (2)
— and ouns, an exclamation ; (3) — speech, a threat
of murder.
(i) w.Som.' Aay uurn vur mee vuuree b!id-n uyz [I ran as fast
as I could]. Wee wuurk vur ur blid-n uyz [wc worked as fast as
we could]. (2) Dor. Roberts Hist. Lviiie Regis (^1834), Dev.
Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 423. (3) n.Yks.2 There was bleead-
speeach atween 'em.
6. An old or decrepit person ; a term of compassion.
Som. A person forlorn, sickly, or otherwise pitiable, is always
' a wisht poor blid,' Elworthy Evil Eye (1895) 16 ; W. & J. Gl.
(1873). w.Sora.' Poo'ur oa! blid, uurs u-kau m maa'yn fraa yul
[poor old body, she is come (to be) very frail]. Her auvis was a
whisht poor blid. Dev. Poor old blid ! he'th azeed his best days,
he 'ath, Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892).
BLEEDING, vbl. sb. and ppl. adj. Irel. Wm. Won Glo.
Brks. Bck. Hmp. Wil. Som. Dev. [blrdin.]
1. vbl. sb. In coinp. Bleeding-stick, a short round staff
with which farriers strike the 'fleam' in bleeding cattle.
w.Som.'
2. ppl. adj. Comp. in plant-names : (i) Bleeding-heart,
(a) Chciranthits chciri, common red wallflower; {b) Die-
lylra spectabilis ; (c) Viola tricolor, heartsease ; (2) -nun,
Cyclatnen enropaeiitn ; (3) •willow. Orchis morio.
(I, «') s.Wor. PoRSON Q»«m< J-Frfs. 11875). Glo.', Brks.' 'Wil.
BRiTTo'N5<'flK/i'fs(i825); ■Wil.' (;6)'Wm.i,w.Wor.',GIo.(J.S.F.S.),
Som. (F.A.A.), Dev. (c) Hmp.l (2) 'Wxf. (3;, s.Bck.
BLEER, see Blear.
BLEERY, adj. and sb. Sc. Irel. Also written blearie,
bleirie.
1. adj. Of liquor : weak, thin in quality. Cf. bleared.
Fif. Bleirie ale (Jam.). N.I.' Bleerie tea.
2. sb. Gruel, soup, &c., of a thin kind or quality.
Lnk. Oatmeal and buttermilk boiled to a consistence somewhat
thicker than gruel, and a piece of butter put into the mess (Jam.).
Rxb. Water-gruel, ib. Ant. Ballymcna Obs. (1892).
[Boiling a bleary, which was no other than flour and
water, Henry Camp. ag. Quebec (1812) 65 (N.E.D.).]
BLEE'VIT,s6. Abd. (Jam.) Also written blevit. A blow.
BLEEZE, sb. Sc. [blTz ] A blow with the fist.
Rxb. If ye wunna be quiet, I'll wun 3'e a bleeze o' the mouth
(Jam.).
BLEEZE, see Blaze.
BLEFF, adj. e.An.' Nrf.i [blef.] Turbulent, noisy.
[Cp. Tirol bleffen, to cry, esp. of children (Schopf) ;
MDu. bleffen, to make a noise, to bawl, to bark (Oudemans) ;
Holstein blajfen, to bark (Idiotikon) ; so Bremen (IVtbc/i.).]
BLEFFERT, sec Bliffert.
BLEFFIN, sb. Lan. Also written bluffin Lan.'
[ble'fin.]
1. A block or wedge of wood.
Lan. Grose (1790) MS. add. (P.) ; Lan.' eLan.' Used for
raising the fore part of a cart while the contents arc scraped out
behind.
2. Comp. Bleffin-head, a blockhead, a simpleton.
Lan. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Lan.'
[Rleff+ -inc;. Bleff"\s doubtless cogn. w. bleg (q.v.).]
BLEFLUM, sec Beflum.
BLEG, sb. Sli.I. [bleg.] A wedge or pin for fastening
anything. Cf bleflin.
Sh.L (W.AG.)
[Norw. dial, blegg, bl/yg, a wedge for cleaving wood
(Aasen).]
BLEG, see Blag.
BLEGDT, sb. S. & Ork.i A wooden wedge for
keeping the hoe securely fixed to the haft. Cf bleg.
[Sw. dial, blegd, a wedge (Rietz); ON. blegdi (Fritz-
ner).]
BLEGGY, sb. S. & Ork.' A fish-bait.
BLEIB, sec Blibe.
BLEIS, sb. Sc. The fish LcitciscHS albiirnus.
Sc. (Jam.) [Satchell (1879'.]
\Pescherello, a fish called a bleise, Florio (1598).]
BLELLUM, sb. Obs. Sc. An idle chatterer.
Sc. Grose (1790'! MS. add. (C.) Ayr. A blethering, blustering,
drunken blellum. Burns Tain o' S/iaiiter (i-jgo) 1. 20; Ev'rysour-
mou'd, grinnin' blellum, ib. To IV. Creech (1787) St. 9; Blellum is
I not used in ordinary conversation, perhaps never was (G.W.:.
BLEMMLE
[297T
BLESSIT
BLEMMLE, v. Cum. [ble-nil.] To mix up fluid and
solid, as; Hour and water.
Cum. Li.NTON Lake Cv. (1864"! 297.
BLENCH, sb} and v} Chs. Stf. Dcr. War. [blentj.]
1. sb. A glance, a glimpse. See Blinch.
Chs. I just kcetch a blench on it. Slnaf ^1878' I. 60; Chs.'
I never cnuglit a blench on ye ; Chs.^ I got a blench at a woodcock.
Stf.* Just oz oi W3Z guin in, oi kort a blensh on im. nw.Der.',
■War.'23
2. V. To glance. Chs.'^
[L These blenches gave my heart another youth,
SlIAKS. Soil/!. c.\.]
BLENCH, sb.' and v.^ ri.Cy. Wm. Der. [blen/.]
1. sb. A fault.
n.Cy. Grose i7goV [Not known to our correspondents.]
2. z>. To blind. Der.*, nw.Der.'
3. To spoil ; to cause to blister.
Wm.' How t'sun has blenched that paint !
[Cp. the MK. forms blenscheii. blemlicit, for blemischeii,
to blemish. Blenschyn (blemysshcn, ed. Pynson, 1499),
obfiisco, Protnpt.; Bihuld aboute on his bodi ^if it blenched
were; whan he saw hit al sound, so glad was he, /(';;;. of
Pal. (c. 1350) 2471.]
BLENCH, V? Stf.^ [blentj.] To betray, to impeach.
[Abuten us he (Beelzebub) is for to blenchen, Pater
Noster{c. 1175) 13, in Horn., ed. Morris (1868) 55. OE.
bleiicaii, to deceive, cheat.]
BLENCHED, ppl. adj. Abd. (Jam.) Of milk : a little
sour. Ct. blink, i'.
BLENCH-LIPPED, //i/. nc^'. Sc. (Jam.) Having a white
mouth.
Sc. She was lang-toothed an' blench-Iippit, Blackw. Mag. fjune,
181 7^)238.
[Blench is an old Sc. form of blanch, white ; cp. blenche,
cane (Jam.); OFr. blanche, fern, of blanc]
BLEND, V. and sb. Yks. Stf. Der. Not. Lin. [blend ]
1. V. To mix inextricably.
w.Yks. I once heard of a wag who 'blended' (i.e. mis-mated")
all the boots at a large hotel, thereby producing a somewhat
animated scene, Shejfield Leader i Mar. 1874^.
2. Spinning term : to mix wool ready for manufacture.
w.Yks. (C. C.R.I ; W.T.)
Hence Blending, vbl. sb. the process of mixing wool as
above.
[The operation of blending is performed partly by hand and
partly bj^ means of machines called * tcazers ' and ' wiileys,' Gl.
Lab. 1894).]
3. sb. A parcel of mixed wool ready for manufacture.
w.Yks. A blend varies in size and weight from i pack upwards
(J.M.-) ; - W.T.)
4. Conip. (i) Blend-corn, wheat and rye mixed ; (2)
-fother, haj' and straw mixed ; (31 -metal, the iron from
which nails are made; (4) -water, a distemper of cattle.
(i ) Yks. Grosk (1790") ; MoinoN C\clo. Ai;iic. \ 1863 V n.Yks.'*,
ne.Yks.', m.Yks.i w.Yks. Hl/x. U'lis. Der.>. Not. (I..C M. 1 Lin.
Stre.\tf£ild Lin. aiitl Danes {i88^) 317. n.Lin.' (2) w.Yks. IJ//.r.
ll-'ds. (31 Stf. (K.~i ; Stf.> (4 w.Yks. ////v. IVds. ; w.Yks.'
5. Fis^. To bewilder, mislead, confuse.
w.Yks.* Now don't blend mc.
[4. (i) Vppon that ground sowe blend-come, that is both
wheat and rye, Fitziierbert Hiisb. (1534) 40.]
BLENDIGO, see Blandigo.
BLENDINGS, sb. pi. Nhb. Yks. [blendinz.] Peas
and beans grown together in a crop as food for cattle.
n.Cy. Grose VI 790 ; N.Cy.', Nhb.' Yks. Morton Cyclo. Agiie.
(1863"! ; (K.) n.Yks. It will bring as good blendings, I dare say.
As ever grew a reaut in onny clay, Meriton Praise Ale (1684)
1. 117 ; Not far from Easingwold on the west, fallow, wheat, beans
rblendings.TuKEyJ^nr. (1800} 107; n.Yks.'*, ne.Yks.' e.Yks.
Marshall Ritr. Eeoii. (1788); e.Yks.', ni.Yks.'
BLENGLANDS, sb. pi Dur. Peas and oats.
Dur. Brockett, 43, MS. add. (W.T.)
BLENK, see Blink, Blunk.
BLENSHAW, sb. Frf. (Jam.) A drink composed of
meal, milk, water, &c.
[Fr. blanche eau, white water. For Sc. blcnsh = blanch
see Blenchlipped.]
BLENT, v.^ Sc. (Jam.) 1. Of the sun : to sliine after
the sky has been overcast. 2. Of tire: to flash.
[The form is prob. taken over fr. blent, an old pp. form
fr. blenk (to shine, gleam); see Blink, j'.]
BLENT, J'.* Shr. [blent.] Prel. blended, mixed.
Shr.' ,^Of brandy beaten up with egg] Ah blent it Oop as 'e toud
me s.v. Norationu
[Then Sir Tristeram tooke powder forth of that box.
And blent it with warme sweete milke, King Arthur and
the King of Cornivall, 276, in Percy Folio jils., ed. Hales
and Furnivall, I. 73. Pret. of blend (vb.), q. v.]
BLESS, V. Var. dial, uses in Irel. and Eng. [bles,
blis.l
L To charm or cure by incantation. Sometimes with
prep./o/-.
Soin. To bless by making the sign of the cross on the part
affected, Elworthv E I'it L'ye (i8g^ 38. w.Som.' Aay wiid n keep
dhai dhae-ur wauTts, neef a.iy wuz j'ue-— wuy ! dh-oa'l daeum
Sneok 1 bias um uwai" vaur ee turaak'lce [1 would not keep those
warts, if I w-ere you — whj' ! the old dame Snook will charm them
away for you directly]. Dev. Grose (1790) MS. add. ;H.': ; You
bring the little maid to mc. Her mun be fastin' and I II bless her
and give her summut as'll make she all well, Baring-Gould
Country Remedies in Sunday Mag. (Apr. 1895. 243. n.Dev. Het
e'er zonz the old Jillian Vrinkle blessed vore tcs piitty vitty. E.vm,
Crtslip. (17461 I, 559; Dick Sandercock yused to bless vur strains,
Giles in n.Dev. Jrn. Sept. 17, 1885 6. nw.Dev.'
Hence Blessing, vbl. sb. a charm.
n.Dev. Som way I niver yused vur beleeve much in thayse
blessings, Giles in 11. Dei'. Jrn. (Sept. 17, 1885 6.
2. Used in exclamations of surprise, &c., freq. with the
words Lord OT God. In gen. colloq. use.
Nhb. Bliss us! (sed the mistrissi, Bewick Howdy 1850" 11 ;
Nhb.' Bliss mc I bairn, where he' ye been aall day ? Cum. Why,
bliss yer heart, ah'll know a' aboot it (E.W.P.'. e.Yks. Bless us!
an ejaculation uttered after sneezing. ra.Yks,' w.Wor. Lord,
blass us an saave us, whaativer be the world a-comin' to, S. Be.\u-
chajip A'. Hamilton (18751 III. 278. Sus. Lor' blcsh ye! this is
the earth where that ould vixen lived, Moskyns Tatpa [ 1857 44.
3. In phr. (i) Blessed be the Maker, expression used before
or after detailing the personal defects of another; (2)
bless o' ham, exclamation of surprise ; (3) to bless on the
H'rong side of the month, to curse ; (4) bless the King and
all his men, exclamation of surprise.
(liN.I.' Ant. Batlymena Obs. i8g2). (a"! n Lan. Bless o' barn,
ivery yan was runnin'away wi' summat, Morris Siege o' Broiiton
(1867 ! 4. (3'i GIo. It's blessing o' the wrong side o' ers mouth as
er doos most on, Bl'CKMAN Darke' s Sojoitrn 1890 ii. : 4") w.Yks.*
Common when surprised and startled, as a mother when, having
stept out of the house for a few minutes, upon her return finds it
full of children whom her own have invited in.
BLESSED, ppl adj. Sur. Emphatic for ' good.'
Sur.i 1 should like a \y\i of tliat blessed pudding, my dear !
BLESSED THISTLE, sb. War. The plant Cardials
Mariamis, Our Lady's Tliistle.
[Blessed thistle, cardans benedictus, atractylis hirsiita.
Coles (1679); Herbcs to still in Sommer. i Blessed
thistle. 2 Betonye, Tusser llnsb. { 1580) 96. The term
'blessed thistle' has been applied to tiie Cardiiits Mariae
onlj' by modem writers : Blessed thistle . . . from the
milk of the Virgin having fallen upon its leaves, as she
nursed the infant Jesus, Prior Plant-naines (1863) 24.
The common English name for this plant was 'our Ladies
Thistle,' see Gerarde Herb., ed. 1633, 1150.]
BLESSING, ii. Stf. Shr. [blesin.] Something given
into the bargain or thrown in.
Stf.* [In the 'skipping-rope' game] ; lor wein tornd lung Dnuf
for you, kum ait ! — Wei gi mi o blesin, dhen oi wul. Shr.' They'n
begun to sell milk at both housen at Churton ; I shall goO to the
poor ovvd Missis, 'er gies capital mizzer an' a good blessin' into the
bargain.
BLESSIT, sb. Sh.L An animal with a patch of white
on the forehead.
Sh.I. Coll. LLB.-) S. & Ork.l
[Norw. dial, blesutt, having a 'blaze' on the forehead
(Aasen) ; Da. blisset ; der. of Norw. blesa, a blaze ; Da.
blis.]
sq
BLETCH
[298]
BLIN
BLETCH, iA.' and v. Chs. Stf. Shr. [blet/.]
1. sb. The oil in wheels, &c., worked to a black and
consistent mass. Cf. bleck.
Chs.' s.Clis.' Bletch "iid make his beard grow (s.v. Skit).
Stf.'2 Slir. At Oswestrj', grease (called bletch) from the church
bells is an approved remedy for ring-worm. But . . . people have
begun to use the bletch from cart-wheels instead, Burke F/k-Lore
(1883; XV ; Shr.' Bletch is sich a thing, j'o' canna stir it.
2. v. To smear or clog with bletch.
Chs.l You'll bletch yoursel aw o'er. Shr.' I canna get the marks
out o' yore gown, Ma'am, but I doubt j-o'n bletched it some'ow.
[B\etche, atrmneufiim, Levins Maiiip. {1^70}; To bletch,
nigra) e, ib.]
BLETCH, sb.^ Yks. [bletj.] A pimple, a blister.
w.Yks. Seldom heard except among farmers or old men, Leeds
Merc. Siippl. (Dec. 27, 1890) ; (J.T.)
BLETHARD,56. Den* nw.Der.' The plant bloodwort,
Rmuc.v sans^iiiiietis.
BLETHER, v. Yks. Lei. War. [ble-Sa(r).]
1. To be out of breath ; to put out of breath.
w.Yks. (E.S A.) Lei.' ' Haven't ye blethered, Miss?' enquired
a farmer of a lady who had just favoured the company with a song.
"Vew'n blethered them osses. War.^ He hit me full in the chest
and quite blethered me.
2. To inflate, distend, blow out.
Lei.' The football wur quoite blethered loike. Ah've blethered
as toight as a droom. War.^ A well-blethered football would
mean one well filled with a distended bladder.
BLETHER, see Bladder.
BLETT, sb. Sh.L [blet ] Black muddy soil at the
head of a bay, or at the mouth of a burn.
S. & Ork.' A mouldy blett.
BLEUVED, /I/). Sh.L Dead.
Sh.I. {Coll. L.L.B ) S. & Ork.i
BLEVET,56. n.Yks.= [ble'vit.] A plasterer's hatchet-
hammer.
BLEWIN, see Blowing.
BLEWI FT, si. Cor. [blu-it] A poultice composed
of chopped carrots, leeks, groundsel, linseed, and bread.
w.Cor. Applied hot as can be to the soles of the feet, to revivify
the dying fM.A.C). Cor.2 (MS. add.)
BLEWZE, V. Lan. [bliuz.] To look sulky or bad-
tempered.
Lan. CnoRLTON MS. CI. (1846).
BLIAKE, sb. Dor. Dev. [blisk.] A piece of wood
with holes for the soles of a hurdle, while the maker
wreathes it. See Flake.
Dor. Gl. 1851). Dev. An alternative word for flake fF.T.E).
BLIB, see Bleb.
BLIBBANS, sb. pi. Sc. Strips of soft or slimy matter,
gen. used of seaweed that covers the rocks at ebb tide ;
also used of large shreds of greens or cabbage put into
broth.
Gall. Now, Jenny, min', nae blibbans in the kail the day (Jam.
Supt'l...
BLIBE, sb} Sc. Irel. Nhb. Written bleib (Jam.).
[blaib.]
1. A blister, bubble. A\so \xst A fig. Cf. bleb.
Sc. A burnt bleib [a blister caused by burning] (Jam.\ Sh.I.
His bits o joys, Smaa blibes ipo dis muckle blibe o Time, Burgess
Rasmie (1892) 94 ; (Coll. L.L.B.) Nlib.' His feet was aall blibes
before he gat hyem.
2. //. An eruption of large spots to which children are
liable.
Lth. 'Jam.1 Ant. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.)
BLIBE, sb? Sc. Also in form blype (Jam.). A stroke
or blow.
Sc. Some parli'menters may tak bribes. Deservin something war
than blibes, Taylor Poems (1787) 9 ; This blype o' a fa' was the
luckiest thing that could hae come o'er me, 5/. Patrick (1819) I.
1 66 (Jam.).
BLICANT, adj. Wil. Som. [blikant.] Shining,
bright.
s.Wil. (C.V.G) Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873I. w.Som. Rare
(F.T.E.).
[A dcr. of ME. bliken, to shine ; OE. bUcait, with Fr.
suff -ant, as in pleasaiit.\
BLICHAN, sb. Sc. Also written blichen, blighan
(Jam.), [bli-xan.]
1. A term of contempt, gen. applied to a small person ;
also fig.
Lth. Ye're a bonny blichen indeed to pretend sic a thing (Jam.).
e.Lth. I hae wit eneuch to see through a blichan o' a la'yer, ony-
way, Hu.NTERy. Inwick (1895^ 209.
2. A lean, worn-out animal.
Dnif. An auld blichen o' a beast (Jam.).
BLICKEN, V. Lin. [blikan.] To resemble.
Lin. The child blickens its dad, Thompson Hist. Boston (1856)
699 ; Lin.' T'he childcr blickcn each other.
[For belicken. ME. ic + //^«c;^ to resemble, to liken. The
avaricious man is likned unto helle. Chaucer C. T. b.
2808. Cp. Sw. llkita, to resemble. Caxton uses the vb.
belike : Reynkin my yongest sone belyketh me so wel,
I hope he shal folowe my stappes, Reynard (1481), ed.
Arber, 25.]
BLICKER, sA. Slk. (Jam.) A spare portion.
BLICKER, V. Wil. Dor. Som. [bUk3(r).] To shine
intermittently, to flicker, gliminer.
Wil.' I zeen a light a blickerin' droo th' tallot dwoor. w.Dor.
(C.V.G.) w.Som. Of a burnt house it would be said ' The vlre
wad'n a-douted — keeps on blickerin'.' (F.T.E.)
BLID, see Bleed.
BLIERS, sb. pi. Abd. (Jam.) The eyelashes.
BLIFFERT, sb. and v. Sc. Also written blefiFert,
bluffert (Jam.) ; bliffart Bnfif.' [bli'fart.]
1. sb. A stroke, a blow. Also usedy?^.
Sc. Rather let's ilk daintie sip. An' every adverse bliffert hip,
Tarras Poems (1804) 28. BnfT.' A ga 'im a bhftart o' the side o'
the hehd.
2. A squall, a gust; a sudden but short fall of snow.
Sc. (Jam.) ; Without a bit blufFart of wind, Cobban Andaman
(1895) xvi. Abd. Through blifl'erts o' caul' they yaumer and yaul,
TnoM Rhymes 1,1844") 106.
3. V. To bluster, as the wind. Hence Blufferting, ///.
adj. blustering, gusty (Jam.).
BLIG, sb. Nhb. Yks. [blig.] A blackguard, a cad,
^snob.'
Nhb.' He's a reglor blig. w.Yks.*
BLIGH, adj. Ken. [blei.]
1. Lonely, dull.
Ken. Dat rOad be turrbul bligh arter dark (P.M.) ; Ken.'
2. In phr. to lay bligh, to keep secret or ' keep dark.'
Ken. If one has done something which it is desirable to keep
secret, ' I must lay bligh ' (P.M.).
BLIGHAN, sec Blichan.
BLIGHT, si. Hmp. [blait] A caterpillar ; anything
which destroys garden produce.
Hmp. I seed a blight as long as me finger (W.M.E.F.V (T. L.O.D.)
BLIKKEN, V. Yks. [blikan.] To shine. Cf.
blicker.
w.Yks. 2 The sun blikkens on the windows.
[For alle \e blomes of jie bo;es (boughs) were blyknande
perles. Cleanness (c. 1325) 1467, in Allit. P., ed. Morris, 79.]
BLIN, si.' Dor. [blin.] The rock-whiting fish.
Dor. (C.V.G.)
BLIN, V. and sb.'^ Obsol. or obs. Sc. Nhb. Yks. In
form blean Yks. ; blind Sc. ; past tense blan. [blin.]
1. V. To cease, desist ; to stop, cause to stop.
Sc. He never blindet, Drummoxd Muckomachy (16^6') 19; He
has reach'd the lady's bower. Afore that e'er he blan, Jamieson
Pop. Ballads (1806' I. 98; The minstrels they did never blin,
Ramsay Tea-Table Misc. (1724) I. 9, ed. 1871. Fif. Ilk bluidy brul-
ziement and battle . . . That never blindit nor did sattle, Tennant
Papistry (1827) 4. n.Cy. Grose (1790) MS. add. tP.) ; N.Cy.'*
Nhb. The little foot page never blan, Richardson Borderers Table-
bk. (1846) VI. 46; Nhb.' Yks. He never blinns playing (K.).
w.Yks.3
Hence Bleaned, />/>/. adj. Of a cow: ceased to give
milk.
Yks. Yks. IVkly. Post (July 28, 1883).
2. sb. Delay, hindrance, deceit, guile (Jam. SiippL).
[To blinne, desislere, Levins Manip. (1570) ; Therfore to
god we pray, pat he oure bale vvolde blynne, York Plays
(c. 1400) 50; per is jie blys )>at con not blynne, Pearl
BUN
[299]
BLIND
(c. 1325) 729, in AUit. P., ed. Morris, 22. OE. bliiiimn, to
cease; c^. OWG. biliiiitaii. See Lin.J
BLIN, /■/!. Irel. Mistaken.
Wxf.i Icli as (or 'chas) greatly blin.
BLINCH, V. and sb. Pent. Cor. [blintj.]
1. V. To get a glimpse of; to look about. Sec Blench.
Cor. A janjansy kind o' look, .is cf . . . he was blinciiin' lll'ty
ways for Grace. ' Q." Troy T^icii (1888) xi; Thomas liaittligal
lihyiiics (1895) Gl. ; Cor.' 1 just blinched en gain round the caunder ;
Co"r.2
2. sb. A glimpse, a hasty view.
Pem.lcaughtablinchofhimCW.H.Y.'). s.Pem. (W.M.M.) Cor.
He jest s.i'ntcred up quite leisurable. . . . an' lit 'pon a pea-stick
to take a blinch round, ' Q.' Tioy To:vii (1888) xi.
BLIND, sb. Yks. Uer. Lin. Oxf. Som. Dev. Colloq.
[blind, blain(d.]
1.//. Blinkers on horses' harness. Der.' See Blinders.
2. Comp. (i) Blind-collar, 12) -halter, the bridle or head-
gear of a horse, having two blinkers.
(l) nw.Dev.' Blen-collar. (2) n Lin.' Blindhelter. w.Soni.'
Bluyn-au-ltur. Thus named, in distinction to the night-halter, or
* head-stall,' by which the horse is tied up in the stable.
3. A pretence, a stratagem. \n gen. colloq. use.
w.Yks.' It's nout at au — bud a blind, ii. 297. n.Lin.' He pre-
tended to be deaf for a blind. Oxf.' MS. add. Colloq. You believe
that, Robert ! Well, it's a convenient blind, Yonge Hopes (1883)
xxii.
4. In phr. lo pull doivit the blinds, to submit, give in.
w.Yks. Vo' should just ha' seen him when aw sed soa ! didn' he
pull th' blinds daan. Hartley Budget 1,1869) 75.
[2. (2) Galled on both sides of her head with a blind
halter, Loud. Gas. (1711) No. 4875 (N.E.D.). 3. Her
constant care of me was only a blind, Steele Guardian
(1713I No. 150.]
BLIND, V. Irel. Nhb. Written blin Nhb.' [blinfd.]
To stop a gap in a hedge with thorns, &c. ; to spread
small stones or cinders to fill up the interstices of macadam
in a road.
N.l.', Nhb.l
Hence Blindin, vbl. sb. soft material laid upon new
macadam to bed the stones together.
Nhb. Put another cairt load o' blindin on that road fR.O.lI.).
BLIND, adj. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
1. In comb, (i) Blind-batter, to kill young birds; (2)
■bell, a children's game ; see below; (3) — bitch, the bag
formerly used by millers as a means of cheating ; sec
Black bitch; (4) -blain, a pimple, a tumour; (5) -boil, a
boil that does not come to a head ; (61 — brose, brosc
made without butter; (7) -buzzard, (a) the common cock-
chafer, il/(7o/<M///;(j viili^aris; (6) the stag hccl\c, Lticaniis
cerviis ; (8) -champ, a boy's game, consisting of ch.Tmping
or breaking birds' eggs blindfold, see Bliiidinaii's s/aii ;
(9) -coal, coal which produces no flame; (10) — cripple,
the slow-worm, Aiif^uis fragilis; (11) — days, the first
three days of March ; (12) -dog, the small spotted dog-
fish ; (13 1 -dorbie, the purple sandpiper, Triiiga striata;
(14) -drift, heavy snow; (15) — drunk, dead drunk; (16)
•diinnock, the hedge-sparrow, Accentor inodiilaris; (17I
-eye, with tlie eyes shut ; (18) — fou, unable to see from
drink ; 119) — harry, (20) — hob, the game of blindman's
buff; (21) -hole, a rabbit-hole which ends in undisturbed
soil, as opposed to a Pop-hole (q.v.) ; (22) -house, the
lock-up; (23) — hunimabee, a boy's game or trick; (24)
— lonnin, a green lane used as an occupation way;
(25) — mares, nonsense, fudge; (26) -mob, to blind-
fold; (27) — mouse, the shrew-mouse, /.orc.r(7;v7«f»i'; (28)
— palmie or pawmie, blindman's bulf; (29) -sieve, a sieve
made of sheepskin and not perforated; (30) — sini, sec
— hob; (31) — sixpence, a coin which is so mucii worn
that the head and tail are obliterated ; (32) — stan, see
— hob; (331 -staff, see -champ ; (34) — tam, a bundle of
rags made up to pass as a child, carried by beggars ; (35)
-winkey, see -champ.
(i) Cum. We fund a throssle's nest, an' blinnd-battert t'young
nns ij. D. ). 12) Bwk. Ubsol. All the players were hoodwinked
except the person who was called the Bell. He carried a bell,
which he rung, endeavouring to keep out of the way of his hood-
winked partners in the game Jam.). (3') SIk. Ane had better
tine the blind bitch's litter than liae the mill singed wi' brimstone,
Hogg Perils of Man 1 1822 HI. 39 (Jam.). (4i n.Yks. It's nob3t
3 bit ov o blinndblane ; sum fuoks wad kolt a plook, hot dher biath
oz yan (W.II.). w.Yks. Blind blanc intends a large tumour, and
sometimes proud or dead flesh, Hamilton Niigae Lit. (1841) 355.
fS n.Lin.', Wor. (J.W.P.) (6) Exb. (Jam.) (7, n) Shr.>2 (b)
Shr.' (8) sSc. :Jam.5h/i/'/. 1 (9) Lnk. It yields scarcely any flame
. . . and gets the name of blind-coal. Agrie. Siirv. Ayr. 49 f Jam ).
(10! Cor.3 I II) Dev. A clergyman informed me that the old farmers
in his parish call the first three days of March ' Blind days,' which
were anciently considered unlucky ones, and upon which no
farmer would sow any seed. Bkand Pop. Aniiq. (ed. 1848) H. 43.
(121 Ant (W.H.P.) (,i3)Sh.I. Swainson ZfiVffe 1885) 194. (14)
Frf. Drcaric an eerie the blin' dnft blaws, Lai.ng IFayaide Firs.
(1846)37. (15; n.Lin.', War." (16 Som. Smith /j/;(/i (1887)
177 ; SwAiNSON Birds (1885) 29. (17) n.Yks. He wrate it blind-
eye I.W. ;. (18) Ayr. Being, as I think, blind fou, she had taken
me for him, G.\lt Provost (1822) xxxvi. Lth. Were vap'ring a*
day, and we're blind-fou at night. Mac.veill Poet, li'ks. ( 1801 1 219,-
ed. 1856. (19) Sc. Some they played at Blind Harrie, Herd Coll.
(1776 II. 29 iJam.). (20) e.An."', Suf.l (21; Wil.' (22) WU.
(KM.G.); N. & Q. (1887) 7lh S. iv. 26; Wil.' Obs. (23)
w.Ylts.^ A new boy is made ' king,' and has to sit and shut his eyes
whilst ' the bees go to fetch the honey.' Killing their mouths with
water they approach him humming, and discharge it over him.
See Bee. (24) Cum.' (25) Dev.' I, say eo, co ;— a fiddle-de-dee,
—blind mares, 21. (26) w.Som.' Nif I diJn do it better-n that
blind-mobbed I'd have my arms cut oil. Dev.^ I ciide vind my rawd
'ome ef yu wuz tti blind-moppee me. (27 Cum. Called the blind-
mouse, its eyes being very small, and almost concealed by the hair,
Hutchinson Hist. Cum. (1794) I. App. 3; Cam.', n.Lin.' (28)
Rxb. (Jam.) (29I Shr.' Obsol. Formerly' much used in granaries
for dressing corn, and still so employed by cottage folk for their
'laisins.' (30) e.An.' (31) Lan. I dunno' think he'd a biynt six-
pence in his ^lOckct, Ab-o'th'-Yale Xiiias. Dinner (1886) ; (S.W.)
(32) Ant. Ballymcna Ubs. { i892\ (33) Gall. (,W.G.) (34) Abd.
(Jam.'; (351 Cor.^ Call(;fl also Winky-cye.
2. Coinb.'m plant-names: (i) Blind-ball, a name given
to var. species of fungi, esp. Lycoperdoit bovista ; (2) -buflf,
see -ball; (3) -eyes, the scarlet poppy, Papaver r/icas;
(4) -flower, Veronica c/iaiitordrys; (51 -man, see -eyes; (6)
— man's ball, (7) — man's bellows, see -ball; (8) —man's,
hand, the creeping bugle, Ajtic^a reptans ; (9) -nettle, a
name given to many stingless labiate plants, esp. the dead
neMe, Galeopsis tctra/n't ; (10) — y-buffs, («) see -eyes ; {b)
the seed-head of dandelion; (11) -weed, Capsella bitrsa-
pastoris.
(0 Shr.'* (2) Shr.' (3) Nhp.' Eck. Sr/Wrr Co.i.'=i/»(i8gi) 119.
(4) Dur. (5) Wil.' Locally supposed to cause blindness, if looked
at too long. (6, 7 Sc. (Jam.) (8) Hmp. (W.M.KF.) ,9; Shr.>.
Oxf .1/5. add. nw.Dev.', Cor. (M,A.C'.\ Cor.2 (10, <i n.Yks.
, W.H.^,m.Yks.' (Ai Wm. ' Let's play at blindybuff '— see in how
many tries, by one who is blindfolded, the whole of the seeds can
be blown from the stem of the hhndybulT (B.K.). (11) Yks.
3. In ];hr. (i) blindman's bluft or bin/led, sec blindy-btiff;
(2) blindman's stan, a boy's game, played with birds' eggs;
(3) blmd-nicrry-inopsey, (4) blindy-biiff, the game of blind-
man's btilf; (5) to get on the blind side, to take advantage;
in gen. colloq. use.
("ij s.Not. (J.P.K.l ; Not.', Lei.' (2) N.I.' The eggs are placed
on the ground, and the player, who is blindfolded, takes a certain
number of steps in the direction of the eggs ; he then slaps the
ground with a stick thrice, in the hope of breaking the eggs. (3)
n.Yks.'2 (4) n.Yks. (W.H ) w.Yks. Leeds Mere. Siif>fl. i^Oct. 31,
1891). n.Dev. I used o' blindy bufT be vond. Rock Jim an' Nill
(1867) St. 29. (5) Cam, To get o' t"blind-side o' t'auld man was
a pity (MP.). n.Yks. Eynoo,yasee, he'd gitten tol'blinndsidc on
him (W.H.).
4. Of vegetation : abortive, unproductive, unfruitful ;
used esp. of blossoms which do not produce fruit.
Chs.' s.Not. Of cabbage, caulillower, &c., having no heart,
owing to some insect injury J.P.K.). n.Lln.' A potatoe is said to
be blind when it is thought to have no ' eyes,' or when the * eyes'
have been destroyed. Lei.', Nhp.' War.^ Nearly all the grafts
are blind. s.Wor. (H.K.); s.Wor.' Shr.' I shanna d ave above
'afc a pint o' straibries this 'ear. the blows bin all blind ; Shr.*",
Hrf ^ GIo. There won't be much fruit t'year, so many of the
blossoms be blind (A.B.) ; Glo.' Oxf.' When spring corn docs
not thrive, or grow well, it is said to 'look very blind.' e.An.*
Qq2
BLIND-BUCKY-DAVY
[300]
BLINK
Particularly said of strawberries, and other small summer fruits.
Nrf. iW.R.E. : Nrf.', Sjf.' Sus., Hmp. Hollowav.
5. Comp. (i) Blind-berries, berries that are too ripe and
opaque ; (2) -blossom, an abortive flower ; fig- a prodigal,
a ne'er-do-wcel ; (3) -ears, ears of corn with no grain in
them.
(i) n.Yks. (I.W.) (2) Dev. Jeffery the eldest being what they
termed a thorough ' blind blossom ' from the first, Madox-Brown
Dwak Bliilh (1876') V. (3) n.Lin.i w.Som.l Niivur ded-n zee zu
miin'ce bluj-n j'uurz uz ez dhee-uz yuur [never saw so many blind
ears as there are this j'ear]. nw.Dev.*
[2. (9) Archangel! is called of some Viiica liters and
MoiUia ... in English blinde nettle, Gerarde Herb. (ed.
1633) 704 ; Orlic blanche, the herb Archangel, blind nettle,
dead nettle, Cotgr.]
BLIND-BUCKY-DAVY, plir. Glo. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor.
Also in form blind-buck-a-davy Cor.^^; blinebuck-o'-
diavy Dor.' ; blind-buck-and-davy Som. The game of
blindman's buff.
Glo. Grose (1790 MS. add. (H.) Dor. In many countries it is
an animal, and not a person that is called blind in this game. Barnes
Gl. (18631. Som. SwEET.MA.N' Il'iiuaiiton GI. (1885) ; Jennings
Obs. Dial. iv.Eng. (1825I. w.Som.' Bline-bucky-Davey, hunt the
shoe— The wold plays one, the youngsters t'other, Pulman Sketches
(1842) 64. nw.Dev'i, Cor.12
BLINDEGO, sb. Dev. A short-sighted person.
n.Dev. Muve, bloggy, clopping blindego, Rock Jim an' Nell
(1867) St. 4.
[The same suff. as in assi'iir^o, q.v.]
BLINDEN, V. e.Yks.i //-."of to blind.
BLINDERED, /A n.Yks.^ Blindfolded.
BLINDERS, sb. pi. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Written
blinnders Yks. ; blindhers e.Yks.' ; blynders w.Yks.^
[bli ndsrz, blindaz ]
1. Blinkers on a horse ; Jig. a veil.
Frf. The bridles have blinders, Stephens Fanii Bk. (1849^ I.
159. Nhb.l. Cum.i n.Yks. Ther fetters an blinnders, Castillo
Poems {i8-]8 55. e.Yks. Marshall Bur. Econ. ^I788: ; e.Yks.'
w.Yks. He ne.xt besowt hur just ta lift Hur blynders oil' hur face,
Preston Poems (1864) 14 ; His ears were long, , . . an' possessed
an' odd way ov flapping daan on his blinnders, Girliiiglon Jni.
Aim. (1875) 24 ; w.Yks.35
2. Comp. Blinder-bridle, a bridle with blinkers attached.
Cum. T'teaah lug ch t'blinnder bridle was geaan, Sargisson yoc
Scon/i! 1881)218. Wm. & Cum.'Thahangupa deal ov wind-clyaths
like blinder-brydals, 125.
BLIND-HOE, sb. Sh.I. Also in form bland- S. & Ork.'
Chimera nionstrosa, rabbit-fish.
Sh.I. The name is said to be given to this fish from its moving
about as if blind (J. J.). S. & Ork.'
BLINDMAN'S HOLIDAY, phr. In ^<v;. dial, and
colloq. use.
1. Evening twilight, when it is too dusk for work. Also
in phr. to play at blindman's holiday, to attempt to work in
the dark.
Wm.i Its blinn'dmans-halliday, yan ma seea threea stars wi ya
ee. w.Yks.' ; w.Yks.^ It's like playing at blind man's holiday.
Stf.2, nw.Der.', Not.', n.Lin.', swXin.', Lei.'. Nhp.', War.^",
•Wor. (J.W.P.), Shr.', Oxf.' MS. add, Brks.'. Hnt. (T.P.F.),
e.An.'* Cmb.' You'd better light the candle— it's gifting blind-man's
holiday. Suf. (F H.) Ess. Oft begin the spote [sport] dorn't tell
'Tis bline-man's hulliday, Clark J. A'oflXrs (^1839) st. 82. w.Som.'
Not often applied to complete darkness. Come on soce! 'tis
blind-man's holiday ; can't zee no longer, let's pick up our things.
nw.Dev,'
2. The obscurity of a dimly-lighted place. Suf. (F.H.)
[Indeed, madam, it is blindman's holiday ; we shall
soon be all of a colour. Swift Polite Convers. (1706) III.
(Dav.); Feridto, vacancy from labour, rest from work,
blind man's holiday. Florid.]
BLINDS, sb} pi. Obs. (?) Cdg. A black covering to
the vein of metal, which betokens ore, in silver mines.
Cdg. Ray i 1691 1; (K.)
BLINDS, sh? pi. Sc. (Jam.) The pogge or miller's
thumb, the fish Cottns cata'phractus.
BLINK, sb."- Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lin. Shr.
Peni. Glo. Brks. limp. Wil. Dev. Cor. Also written
blenk (Jam.) Cum.' n.Yks.' ; blinck Peni. [bliqk.]
1. A gleam, a ray; light. Also usedy^g-.
Sc. A by-ordinary bonny blink of morning sun, Stevenson
Catyiona ^1892) xii ; The peat smoke used to go up wi' the mist
wreaths at the earliest blink, Steel Rozoans (1895) 39i- Sh.I. Da
simmer's blink. Burgess Basinie (1892188. Abd. I'he blink that's
brightest — briefest too, Thom Rliymes (18441 67. Lnk. He [the
sun] canna cast ae blink on thee. Thomson 71/h5ih^5 (1881) 53.
Lth, The blink ahint the shower Proclaims anither sunny hour,
Smith Merry Bridal (1866) 42 ; Wi' his blinks o'fun, Ballantine
Poems (1856') 219; Walk by the blink o' the moon, M'^Neill
Pieslon (c. iSgs") 71. Cum.^
2. The smallest glimmer of light ; a spark of fire.
Sc. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.J Elg. Can see a blink, Tester
Poems (1865) 93. Kcb. There's ne'er a blink o' the mune the
nicht, Armstrong Iiigleside (1890) 20. Nhb.' Wm. Ferguson
Northmen (1856) 206. Shr.' I raked the fire las' night, . . . an' it
burnt out ; theer wunna-d-a blink. Glo.' When I come in there
wasn't a blink of fire. Brks.' I can't zee a blink. Hmp.' Wil.
Britton Beauties (1825) ; Wil.', s.Dev. (G.E.D.), Cor.'^
3. A glance, look ; a glimpse.
Sc. I just gaed a blink up the burn, Scott Monastery (1820")
xxvi. Fif. Whiles I think I hae blinks o' ye, Robertson Provost
(1894") 164. Rnf. He came ne'er for gowd, But the blink o' my
bonnie blue e'en, Allan Poems (1836) in. Ayr. I hae ta'en a
blink o' their contents, Galt SiV ..4. Wylie (1822) Ixxi ; Ae blink
o' him I wadna gie For Buskie-glen, Burns Coitiitiy Lassie, st. 3.
Ant. Blink o' an ill e'e (W.H.P.). Nhb.' Wm.&Cum.' Thar
bl^'thcsome blenks are but t'ensnare, 191. Wm.' Ya blink ov an
ee Lin. 1 joost caught a blink of 'em as they went olT, Feks Dick
o' the Fens (1888) xxii. s.Pem. Laws Lillle Eng. (1888) 419.
4. A movement of the eyelid; a wink.
Sc. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) Kcb. I'll be back in the bli.-ik
o' an e'e, Armstrong Ingleside (1890) 160. m.Yks.', n Lin.'
5. An instant, moment, a short time.
Sc. It has not gone upon men's tongues save for a blink,
Stevenson Catnona (1892! i ; The mask fell frae my face for
a blink, Scorr Bill. Du'ar/{i8i6) vii. Dmb. If he sleeps ony it is
but in blinks of half an hour at a time, Cross Disruption (1844') vii.
Rnf. Ye maun wait a blink, Barr Poems (1861) 2. Ayr. A blink
o' rest's a sweet enjoyment, Burns Twa Dogs (1786) 16 Lnk.
Write when ye've a blink o' time, Thomson Musings (1881) 116.
Wm.' A'v nut bed a blink o' sleap.
6. A blemish ; an obscuration between the eye and an
object.
n.Yks. 2 I couldn't see t'booat for t'blenk [for the fog]. w.Yks.
A man blind of one eye is said to have a blink of one eyt:,IJI/x. IVds.
7. In phr. to give the blink, give the slip.
Abd. An gie each gangrene care the blink, TarrasPoc^/s (1804)
50 Jam.).
[2. pe leste [loghte . . . [lat of godenesse hadde any
blynke, R. Brunne Handlyng Synne (c. 1303) 4449. 3.
Lookes downe, and in one blinck, and in one vew, Com-
prizeth all what so the world can shew, Carew Godfrey of
Bulloigne (1594) ed. Grosart, 7.]
BLINK, sb? Yks. A boy's game.
•w.Yks. Obsol. The boys were divided into two sides and stood
in a row. 'One from each side in turn ran to a certain point,
chased by a member of the opposite side. The game was won
when all one side had been caught (G.G.W.).
BLINK, V. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der.
Lin. Nhp. Shr. e.An. Also written blenk Sc. (Jam.) Nhb.'
Cum. I^blirjk, bleqk.]
I. 1. To shine, gleam. Alsofig.
Sc. They were braw new, And blinkit bonnilie, Ramsay Tea-
Table Misc. (1724^1 I. 9. ed. 1871. Abd. The gowden helmet will
sae glance An' blink, Forbes Ajax (1742) 10; The sheen blinkit
like siller, Guidman luglismaill (1873) 48. Ayr. M.iy those
pleasures gild thj' reign, That ne'er wad blink on mine. Burns
Lament; Simmer blinks on flow'r3' braes, r'/^. Birks of Aberfeldy.
Lth. The sun does not blink on a bonnier spot, Strathesk More
Bits(i88$) 3 ; The sun blinks bonnily after a shower, Ballantine
Poems (18^6) 25. Cum, If t'sun blinks oot when theer's a shooar It
vvullen't lastferhoafan hooar.P/oi'. E.W.P.) Lan.When mornin'
blinks, moil lies and thinks, Waugh S>igs. (78661 50, ed. 1870.
Hence Blinking, />/>/. ad/, shining, twinkling.
Sh.I. His glig aald een, baid black an blinkin, BuROESS Rasmie
(1892) 33.
2. To glimmer, to shine fitfully, to flicker.
Elg. Labour's early glimmering lamp Blinks welcome on my eye,
BLINK
[301]
BLINTER
CooPKR Toiirijicalioiis (1803) I. 78. Abd. Upon the table blinks a
flickering taper. Ogc Willie U'aly (1873; 65. Fif. Stars blink na
cheerie toa soul that's wae, Robertson PivvosI (1894) 143. Ayr.
His wee-bit ingle, blinkin bonilic, liuRNS Coller's Sal. Av^'/// ( 1 785 ".
n.Cy. Border CI. [Coll. L. L.B.^ Shr.' The fire wui mighty doggit
this mornin', it kcp' blink, blink, blinkin'.
Hence (1) Blinker, sb. a star; (2) Blinking, ppt. adj.
glininieriiig, twinkling.
(i)S. & Ork.i n.Cy. •Coll. L.I-.B.) ^2) Per. Klinkin" stars
Shone down frae heaven, Nicoll Poems (1837I 73, ed. 1843.
3. With prep. up. Of smoke or haze : to rise, clear off.
n.Yks.2 It blink'd up a bit an we saw land.
II. 1. To move the eye involuntarily; to wink; tocause
to wink.
Kcd. Robbie first began to glower. An' neist began to blink.
Grant Lays f 1884^ 63. Fif. 'Twas a' gowden glamour That
blinkit the ce, RoDEKTsoNProi'os/( 1894') la. Kcb. His e'en blink'd
like deeiii' dips soomin' in grease, Armstrong Iiigleside 1,1890)
155. Ciim.i n.Yks.' T'bairn's a bau'd lahtle chap. He nivvcr
blink't at t'llash. n.Lin.' Th' sun mak's one blink.
Hence Blinking, />//. a<ij. winking.
Sc. Blinkin baudrons by the ingle sits (,Jam. Sii/:pl.).
2. To show emotion or attest affection by some quick
action of the eye.
n.Yks.= She never blink'd a blee for him [she slied no tear at
his death]. w.Tfks.* A woman who ' ne'er blink'd an ee ' at her
husband's funeral, shows a want of aflection. The hardened
criminal in the dock never ' blinks' when sentence is passed upon
him.
3. To look at with pleasure ; to smile, look at fondly.
Abd. ' WuU ye be my daw-tie ? ' She blinkit fu' keen, Giiidiimn
Itiglisniaill (1873') 43. Dmb. If she wad blink on me as I saw Miss
Miggummery do on you yonder, Cross Disruption (1844') ii. Ayr.
She blinkct on her sodger, Burns Jolly Beggars 11785'). N.Cy.'
Nhb.i O, the transports of gladness that over me reign To blink
upon canny Newcastle again, Siign. of Tyne (^1849). w.Yks.
Willan List Il'ds. (181 11. ne.Lan.'
4. To shut the eyes to avoid the sight of anything.
Glo. Spaniels are said to blink at birds, when they are shy, and
do not care to point or to advance, Grose i 1790) MS. add. (H.)
[Mayer Splsmii's Directory (1845) 145 ; (K.)]
5. Fiff. To evade, ignore ; to wince.
Ayr.^Ye blink the question, Galt Sir A. IVyhe (1822) l.xxv.
n.Yks.' w.Yks.^ Nobbud he doesn't blink it. ne.Lan.' n.Lin.'
He'll not blink at oht when ther's onything to be gotten. Nhp.'
He blink'd the question.
6. To blind.
w.Yks. They cum up wi ther hands full a meil an threw it
in his face an compleatly blinkt him.ToM Treddlehoyle Bairnsia
Aitn. ^I848)42; Noabdy cud goa aht a door ardly for claads a
dust, an them at did goa tliay wor blinkt i noa time, ib. (^1874) 46.
7. To trick, cheat, deceive ; to jilt.
Abd. Meg Angus sair was blinkit, Tarras Poems (1804) 93.
Per.Yeneedna try to blink me. I wasblinketwi'a bad coin (G.W.).
Fif. To blink a lass (Jam.).
Hence Blinker, 56. (i) a lively, pretty girl; also used as
a term of contempt ; (2) a poser, check.
(i) Ayr. Seize the blinkers ! An' bake them up in brunstane pies
For poor damn'd drinkers. Burns Sc Drink {\iQ6) st. 20; The
witching cursed delicious blinkers, ib. Ep. to Major Logan 1 1786)
St. 10. Rxb. (Jam.) (2) Per. There's a blinker lor you (G.W. \
8. To exercise an evil influence, bewitch, overlook; hence
to turn anything sour.
Sc. (Jam.) Abd. I canna tell you fat deil was the matter wi't,
gin the wort was blinket or fat it was, Forbes Jrii. (1742) 14.
An*. Blink, to bcwitclicattle and cause them to have little or no milk
and butter, Ballyiitciia Obs. (1892^ N.I.' Cow's milk is said to be
blinked when it does not produce butter, in consequence of some
supposed charm having been worked — a counter charm is required
to bring it right. s.Don. Simmons GI. (1890 . Chs. (K.), Der.'
Lin. *l'o blink beer, vox agro Lincolniensi, cum re ipsa, usita-
tissima, Cerevisiam musteam tamdiu in vase relinquere. donee
aliquem aciditatis gradum acquirat. quo maturius potui idonca &
clara rcddatur. Skinner (1671 . Shr." Oisul. Said of butter-milk
that from exposure to the sun's rays has acquired a peculiar, bitter,
ill-flavour. This butter-milk is as bitter as sut — I toud yo' as it
66d be blinked if it wuiiiia covered o'er.
Hence Blinked, />/>/. (ulj. bewitched, soured, spoiled.
Per. (G.W.) Don. Cattle can be fairly struck or bewitched; the
Cr^t is called ' shectin ' and the second ' blinked,' /V4-/.o<ry;H.
(1886) IV. 255. e.An.' Beer which we called blinked has no
acidity, but an ill flavour peculiar to itself; said to be occasioned
by too long delay of fermentation. Blinked-beer will have a great
tendency to turn sour; but certainly in our usage is blinked before
it is sour. Nrf.'
[II. 8. Bottle ale . . . must not only be cooid sufficiently,
but also blynckt a little to giue it a quick & sharp tast,
StJRii.nr & Markiiam Couiihey Farm (1616) 589.]
BLINKARD, s6. Nhb. Lan. In form blenkard N.Cy.*
Nhb.'; blenkert Lan.'
1. A near-sighted person ; one blind of one eye.
n.Cy. Grose (1790) MS. add. (P. i ; N.Cy.' Nhb.' Lan. An
ancient man with one eye. . , . Eigh, (reply'd Blinkard Ive studit
it e'er sin ir fifteen yer owd, Ti.M Bobbin IVks. (ed. 1806) 154 ;
Lan.', ne.Lan.' s.Lan. Bameord Dial. (1850).
2. A fighting cock that has lost one eye.
Nhb. Cocks, stags, and blenkards, Adit, in Netvc. C/iroit. (Dec. i,
1770 ; Ntib.'
[1. A blinkard, cacciiliis, paetiis, sirabus, Coles (1679) ;
A blinkarde, he that hath such eies that the liddes coucr
a great parte of the apple, Baret (1580).]
BLINKER, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Lin.
1. The eye.
Lnk. What I admire in you maist is your een. Sic coal-black
blinkers. Black Falls of Clyde 18061 174. Edb. I had hardly well
shut my blinkers, MoiR Matisie Watt'h (18281 xii. Nhb.' Greet
wonders that dazzles wor blinkers, Robson IVondeifiil Tallygiip
(c. 1870^.
2. //. The eyelashes. Edb. (W.G.)
3. A person blind of one eye ; one who squints.
Sc. Jam.) s.Don. Simmons Gl. (1890;.
4. Spectacles. n.Lin.'
BLINKING, ppl. adj. Wil. Dor. [bli-r|kin.]
1. Shining intermittently.
Dor. A blinking day in Fall, when everything is wet, Hardy
Ethetberta (1876) 11. xlvi.
2. Of poor quality, weak, contemptible; of poor and
half-starved growth.
Wil. The land ' is incumbered with a short blinking heath,'
Reports Agric. (1793-1813 ; In occasional use. A blinking old fool.
A blinking sort of job (G.E.D.) ; Wil.' A short blinking heath is
found on many parts [of the downs], Davis Agiic. 11813) xii.
Dor. 'Twas a little one-eyed blinking sort o' place. Hardy Ttss
(1891 1 i.
BLINLINS, adv. Sc. [blinlinz.] In a blind way;
blindfolded.
Sc. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) Lnk. I sit blinlins here,
Hamilton Poems 1 1865) 53.
[Quhen blindlingis in the battell fey thai fycht. Dol'glas
Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, 11. 88. Blind, adj. + -lings, advb.
suff.]
BLINT, V. Sc. To shed a feeble, glimmering light.
n.Sc. Used, but not common iW.G.). Abd. (Jam.)
BLINTER, I-.' and .s/;.' Sc. [bli ntar.]
1. V. To shine feebly or with an unsteady flame ; to
flicker.
Sc. (Jam.) ; Mackay (t888). n.Sc. He feess a bitcan'Ie into the
room, bit it did nacthing bit blinter i^W.G.V
2. To blink ; to look at with weak eyes.
n.Sc. He took the bulk in's han' an' blintert at it for a filie [a
short whilel, but he cudna read a word W.G.). Abd, Whase lilts
wad gar a Quaker blinter, Tarras Poems 1804) 22 (Jam.).
Hence |i) Blinteran, vbl. .<!b. the act of looking at an
object with the eyelids nearly closed ; (2) Blinterin',
ppl. adj. having weak eyes ; short-sighted, blundering.
(I : Bntf.' (2: n.Sc. The blinterin bit hoddic ran oot an fell ower
a bunkart o' peat-dru.sh (W.G). Bnff.' Blinterin'-eet is another
form. Abd. Ye' re a blinterin' ass ! here's the thing ye were
searching for (G.W. ). Kcd. BIcnterin' bodie Bogenfallow Didna
ken his ain court-yard, Grant Lavs (1884) 76.
3. 56. A feeble light.
Bnff.' That canle's bit a blinter.
4. A person that has weak eyes. Bnff.'
BLINTER, J'.2 and ii.* Sc. Written blenter (Jam.).
[blintar, blentar.]
, 1. I'. To strike with a strong, sharp blow. Hence
Blinteran, I'l)!. sb. the act of striking with a strong, sharp
blow ; a beating. Bnff.'
BLINTER
[302]
BLITHEMEAT
2. sh. A strong, sharp blow ; a gust of wind.
Bnff.' Abd. I'll gie ye a blinter atween the e'en (G.W.). Fif.
(Jam.i
BLINTER, t'.^ Sc. [Not known to our correspondents.]
To rush, make haste.
Abd. The cattle tiawe an' blinter To the lochs for drink, Tarras
Poems (1804) 56 (Jam.).
BLIRR, sA. n.Yks.^ [Not known to our correspondents.]
A blaze.
BLIRT, v} and sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Written blurt
N.I.' fblirt, blsrt.]
1. V. To cry, weep, shed tears.
Sc. I'll gar 3-ou blirt wi' baithyour cen, Henderson Piov. (1832)
158. Ant. What are yovi blirtin' about ? Ballymma 065.(1892}.
S.Don. Simmons Gl. (i8go . n.Cy. Grose (1790) ; N.Cy.'
Hence (i) Blirted, ppl. adj. tear-stained, swollen with
weeping ; (2) Blirting, (a) vbl. sb., (b) ppl. adj. crying,
weeping ; (3) Blirty-eild, sb. the state of extreme old age,
in which tears trickle over the cheeks as if the person
were weeping.
( I) Fif. She's a' blirted wi' greeting (Jam.). (2, a) Ant. (S.A.B.)
(b\ N.I.' Blurtin' thing [a crying child]. (3) Sc. Grose (1790)
MS. add. (C.)
2. sb. A burst of weeping.
n.Sc. A blirt of greeting (Jam.).
3. A storm, a gust of wind accompanied with rain ;
a cold drizzle.
Lth., Rxb. (Jam.) Ntib.' Cattle and sheep alv,fays fly before the
storm into the blirt ; horses never.
Hence Blirtie, adj. Of weather : changeable, uncertain.
w.Sc. A blirtie day, is one that has occasionally severe blasts of
wind and rain (Jam.). Rnf. O Poortith is a wintry day, Chearless,
blirtie. cauld and blae, Tannahill Poenis (1807) 156, ed. 1817.
4. A flash. n.Yks.3
BLIRT, t;.2 Wm. Yks. Lan. [blirt, blart, blst]
1. To shoot with gun or pistol in an aimless, idle way.
Wm.i n.Lan. Blirtin awaa wi 'is new gun (W.H.H.).
2. To flick, to strike lightly.
n.Yks. The woman ' blirted ' the thing she was washing in his
face, Henderson Flk-Lore ( 1879I ii.
BLISH, sA.i and v. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. [blij.]
1. .si. A blister caused by scalding, friction, &c.
Dur. 'W.W.P.) ; Dur.', Cum.i Wm. Its arm is all one blish
where it was burnt i^B.K.). n.Yks. (W.W.P.) ; n.Yks.3
2. V. To blister.
n.Yks.^ I ran till my feet was blished.
[Cp. OE. blyscau,io redden (Aldhcliii Gl. in Monc'sOnellcn
11. Forschungen (1830) 355) ; MLG. bloschen (Schiller-
LtJBBEN).]
BLISH, si.* Cum.* An attack of purging.
BLISH-BLASH, sb. Yks. Liu. [blij-blaj.] Idle talk,
nonsense, tittle-tattle. Cf blash.
n.Yks.' 2, e.Yks.', w.Yks.s n.Lin. Doiint talk sich blish-blash to
th' bairn ' M.P. ) ; n.Lin.i
BLISKETING, z^W. 56. Lan. [bli'skatin.] A buffeting
by a storm.
n.Lan. A gat a torbl bliskatin' i kumin au.ir t'hil (W. S.).
BLISS, sb. Shr. [blis.] A wood-cutting term : the
boundary line of an allotment of timber-felling.
Slir.' Woodcutters in the neighbourhood of Cleobury Mortimer
[make] a bliss, and in doing so brase [cut or slash] the outer bark
of the trees (s.v. Hag;.
BLISSOM, V. and adj} Yks. Chs. Shr. e.An. Ken.
Sus. Hmp. Dev. In form blizzomChs.' ; blossom e.An.'
Suf Ken. [blizam.]
1. Of sheep: to copulate, to tup (said of the ram).
Chs.' ; Chs.^ How many ewes will a ram blissom ? Chs.^
2. To be ready for the ram.
Shr. 2 Ken. Dem dere ewes be blossoming, measter ; which ram
shall wc ride dis yur ? (P.M.) Sus., Hmp. A ewe is said to be
blissomcd, or be blissoming. when she wants the ram, Holloway.
3. adj. Maris appelms (said of the ewe).
w.Yks.2, e.An.i, Suf.' Dev. This ewe is blissum, Grose (1790)
M.S. add. (C.) ; Mtmtkly Mag. (1808; II. 423.
[1. To blissom (tup the ewe), coeo, ineo, Coles (1679) ;
One rannne will scrue to blesome fiftie ewes, Surflet
Coiinlrif Farine (t6oo) 155; The housbandc may suffre
his rammcs to goo with his ewes all tymcs of the ycrc,
to blyssome or ryde whan they wyll, Fitziierbert Htisb.
(1534) 42; To blessum, aiictare, Cath. Angl. (1483). 3.
Ewe is bliessom, a term peculiar to sheepherds, signi-
fying that the ewe has taken tup, Bradley Fani. Diet.
(i']2-j) s.v. Five. ON. bla'siiia, in heat, of a ewe or goat
(Eritzner) ; Norw. dial, blcsiita (Aasen).]
BLISSOM, adj."^ Dor. Som. [blisam.] Blithesoine,
joyous.
Dor. In you we'll be blissom an' glad, Barnes Siig. Sol. (1859)
i. 4. Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eiig. (1825).
[A pron. of blithesome (adj.), q.v.]
BLISSY, sec Blizzy.
BLISTER, sb. and v. Irel. Yks. Lin. Dev. [bli'stafr).]
1. sb. An annoying person. N.I.'
2. Coinp. (i) Blister-cup, Ranuiiciilits scrleraliis, the
celery-leaved crowfoot ; (2) -plant, Raiiiiiiculus acris, the
buttercup (Lin.).
(I) w.Yks. Lees Flora (1888) 119.
3. V. In phr. I'm blistered, a form of oath.
Dsv. Ha wis dude up 2a wul, if ha wadd'n I'm blistered ! Hogg
Poet. Lett. (1847) 23, ed. 1858 ; Thinks I, wuU Tin blistered if this
bant a job, lb. 24.
BLIT, adj Dor. [blit.] Blighty.
Dor. Barnes Gt. (1863) ; Gl. (1851 1.
BLITHE, adj. and adv. Sc. Nhb. Yks. and mgen. poet,
use. Also in form blathe n.Yks. ; blyde Sh.I. ; blythe Sc.'
Nhb.i Yks.
1. adj. Cheerful, glad, gay, merry.
Sc. Better be blythe wi' little than sad wi' mickle, Ramsay Pcot'.
('737) ; There will be mony a blythe ee see it, though mine
be closed, Scott Guy M. (1815) xlvi ; We were blythe to meet wi"
ane anither, ib. Rob Roy (1817) xiv ; 111 manners, too, to be
sae blithe when ye are leaving us, Steel Roimns (1895) 390.
Sh.I. I'm blj'de, I'm funn dee [have found thee]. Burgess Rasitiie
(1892) 28. Abd. I was blythe to edge into the first seat, Alexander
Joliiiny Gibb (1871) xviii. Kcd. Nature, in her blithest mood. Grant
/.n.vs^'i884) 18. Rnf. She liltet up herblythcst strain, Allan Po«;;;s
(1836)9. Ayr. When at the blythe end of our journey at last, Burns
Contented ivi' little (1794) st. 3 ; I hope on such a blythe occasion
you will not refuse me a glass of your delicious currant wine, Galt
Lairds (1826) xx. Lnk. Blithe Patie likes to laugh and sing,
Kamsay Gentle Shep. (1725)17, ed. 1783; This was a blythe cheery
place when the coaches were rinnin', Fraseu IVImnps 1. 1895) xii.
Lth. r the blithe sweet days o' langsyne, S.mith Merry Bridal
(1866) 197. e.Lth. Hunter J. Imvicli (1895) 44. Rxb. And be
foibye right blythe to see The man, Riddell Pof/. K-'As. (1871).
Gall. Ye hae a blythe young chap then, Crockett Cleg Kelly {i8g6)
xxiii ; Blithe I am to see ye, ib. Stiekit Min. (1893 , 269. Nhb. It's
nobbut reet a bride sud be blithe upon her weddin'-day, Clare
Love of Lass ( 1890) II. 78 ; Nhb.' How blyth were we, Joco-Serioiis
Disc. (16861 8. n.Yks. ^T.S.) ; Te see 'em all seea blahth an"
merry, Castillo Poems (1874) 47. ne.Yks. Quite blyth and cheer-
ful as a lark, Nelson Bilsdale Dial. (1831) 9. Dor.' 'Tis blithe . . .
To zee the marnen's red-streak'd skies, 64.
2. adv. Happy, glad, cheerful, gay.
Elg. Blythe beat the heart of maid and man. Tester Poems
(1865) 59. Ayr. The sun blinks blythe on yon town. Burns
O. wal ye wlia's in yon town, st. 4.
Hence (i) Blithely, adv. cheerfully, gladly ; (2) -ness,
sb. gladness, gaiety.
(i) Sc. 1 will marry Miss Drummond and that blithely, Steven-
son Catrionai i8()2) xxvii. Per. For Scotland's gude We'll blithely
shed our dearest bluid, Nicoll Poems (1837) 108, ed. 1843. Abd.
Hark how blythcly they are singin', Ogg H'illie IValy (1873) 56.
Lnk. If my pooches werena sewed up for fear o' pickpockets I
wad blithely gie ye a penny, Fraser IVIiaups \i895 i xv. (2) Ayr.
Anotlier year had carried blitheness into the hearth of the cottar,
Galt^hh. Pariah (1821) ii. Nhb.' Sorrow to blythness was in-
stantly turned, fnco-Serioiis Disc. (1686) 8.
BLITHEMEAT, sb. Sc. Irel. In form blydmeat
S. & Ork.' The meal prepared for visitors at the birth of
a child.
Sc. Howdie did her skill For the blythmcat exert, Taylor
Poems (17871 37 (Jam.). Sh.I. Whin Aedie iit da bij'de-maet for
himscll. Burgess /?«5/;nf (1892) 1 10. S. & Crk.' Frf. At blytjie-
meat an' dredgy, yule feast, an' infare, Laing JVayside Firs.
(1846) 145. Ayr. We'll hae blilhesmeat before the sun gangs
doun, Galt Entail 1823) xxxiii. Gall. At this feast there is
always a cheese, called the ' cryin-oot ' cheese ^W.G.). Ir. After
BLITHEN
[303I
BLOB
liaving kissed and admired the babe . . . Ihcy set themselves to
tlie distribution of the blythe meat or groaning malt, Cakleton
Faidoioiigha (1848) i. s.Don. Simmons GI. (1890V
BLITHEN, V. Sc. [blari53n.] To cheer, make glad.
Ayr. A three thousand jointure would blitheii her widowhood,
Galt l.aiiih ( 1826) ix ; U'^"-)
{Blillic, adj. + -(■«, as in qladdcii.]
BLITHER, see Blather.
BLITHESOME, adj. Sc. Stf. Also written blythe-
some Sc.
1. Merry, cheerful, happy.
Elg. Fair Elgina's bairnies' glee An' blyllicsome laugh, Tester
Poems (iS6$" 157. Abd. Auld Lewie Law was a blythesome bit
bodie, Ogc Willie IValy 1.1873) 59- Kcd. The blilhesome blink o'
beauty's e'e. Grant Lays 1^1884) 64. Rnf. Mony a blythesome day
we had, Allan Foetus 1 18361 7. Ayr. It's a blithesome place yon,
Galt Sir A. IVylie (1822) x; I canna comprehend how it is you
would mak step-bairns o' your ain blithesome cliilder, ib. Entail
(1823I viii. Gall. These colleginersare blithesome blades, Crockett
Moss-Nags (18951 xxxiv.
2. Slightly intoxicated.
Stf. Moiilhlv Mag. (1816) L 494.
BLITHRAN, sb. Irel. The silvcrweed, Poleutilla
anserina.
[Cp. Ir. hriosglan, silver-weed, ' Potentilla anserina'
(OReilly).I
BLITTER, sb. Sc. The snipe, Gallinago coelcstis.
Ayr. The howlet cry'd frae the castle wa'. The blitter frae the
boggie. Burns My Hoggie ; A name orig. applied to the ' bittern,'
but that species of heron being novv extinct the people apply the
term to the snipe (J.F.\
BLITTERBLATTER, advb. phr. Sc. A term used
to express a rattling, irregular noise.
Dmf. Gun after gun played blitter blatter, Mayne Siller Gun
(1808) 31 ( Iam.).
BLITTERED, />/>. Cum.' Torn by the winds.
BLIV, V. Suf. Ken. Sus. Also written bluv Suf.*
Ken.' Sus.'^ To believe.
Suf.' 1 bluv nut. Ken t I bliv I haant caught sight of him dis
three monts. Sus.^ 'Taint agoing to rain to-day, I bluv ; Sns.*
[Pron. o( bf'ii've.]
BLIZZARDED, pp. In geii. use in the midl. counties.
Used imprecatively.
Midi. Way I be blizzcrdcd ! A'. &• O. M888) 7tli S. v. 217.
BLIZZEN, t;. Sc. [blizan.] To parch, to dry up and
wither.
n.Sc. (Jam.) Edb. The grass got blizzent up \vi the win' (W.G.^.
BLIZZENER, sb. Not.^ [bli-z3n3(r).] Anything
thrown or flashed on the face, which temporarily de-
prives one of sight or breath.
BLIZZER, sb. In grii. use in the midl. counties. A
blaze, flash ; a blinding flash of lightning. Cf. blizzom.
Midi. That wor a blizzer I Put towthry sticks on th' fire, an' let's
have a blizzer, N. & Q. (i888) 7th S. v. 217.
BLIZZOM, sb. In gen. use in the midl. counties,
[blizam.] A blaze, a flasii. Cf blizzer.
Midi. A good blizzom, N. if Q. (1888I 7th S. v. 217.
Hence Blizzomer, sb. anything blinding, flashing, &c.
Midi. A blinding flash of lightning would call forth the remark ;
My I that wor a blizzomer, ib.
BLIZZOM, see Blissom, Blossom.
BLIZZY, sb. Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. GIo. Oxf. Brks.
Bck. Hmp. Wil. Written blissy Hmp.'; blissey Wil.'
[blizi.l A blaze, blazing fire ; a bonfire.
Lei ' They joomped o' the blizzy an' douled it. NIip.' 2 War.'^ ;
War.^ It was a fine blizzy. se.Wor.', GIo.' Oxf.' Let's 'a a bit
of a blizzy afore us goes lo bed. Brks. I^W.II.Y.); Brks.' The
fire is said to be all of a ' blizzy ' when pieces of wood h.ave been
inserted amongst the coal to make it burn cheerfully. n.Bck.
(A.C.\ Hmp.' Wil. BRirroN Beaiiiies (1825 "i ; Wil.'
BLOA, adj. and sb. Yks. Also written blooa, bloar
w.Yks. ; bio w.Yks. Lin.
1. adj. Livid, leaden, of a bluish-purple colour. See
Blae.
Yks. Thoresdy Lctl. (1703^. w.Yks. A bloar nose. A bloar
wound (J.T. ; w.Yks.S"
2. sb. A pale blue colour; tlie mark of a bruise.
w.Yks. ////r. ll'ds.
3. adj. Bleak, cold. See Blae.
Lin. A bio' morning, Tho.mison Ilisl. Bos/on (1856' 699 ; Lin.'
4. sb. Ale. Apparently gen. used with adj. ' cold.'
w.Yks. What's tasuppin' ?— Cowd bio (.B.K.); Lnds Merc. Siipfil.
(Oct. 31. 1891).
[1. Bio, blewe and grenc coloured, as ones body is
after a dric stroke, Palsgk. (1530); Al to bio askes.
F. Ploiviiiait (u.) III. 97 ; I pray you crysten liym also,
Thoughc he be bothe blackc and bio. Sir Bciies ic. 1350)
2306, ed. Kolbing, 122 ; ¥c bio tokened ^c watercs wo,
Gni. &-= E.x. (c. 1250) 638. ON. blCi, livid.]
BLOACH, V. and sb. Wm. Yks. [bloat/.]
1. V. To divulge secrets, to blab.
Wra. Shoo went an' bloach'd it o' ower t'mill 'at shoo wor
bahn ta be wed i.B.K.). w.Yks. (N.H.)
2. sb. A tale-bearer.
Wm. Shoo's a gurt bloach (B.K.). w.Yks.*
BLO ACHED, p/>l. adj. Wm. Nhp. Of a variegated
appearance; spotted.
Wm. Used of the spotted skin of a heavy drinker (B.K.). Nhp.'
Applied to land when it is intersected by veins of a liglucr
coloured earth ; Nhp.^ The bloached holly.
[Perh. conn. w. blolclied.]
BLOACHER, A-^i. Nhb. Also written blutcher N lib.'
[blStJsr.]
1. A heavy, unwieldy instrument or thing. Nhb.'
2. Applied to describe a huge animal of any kind.
N.Cy.' Nhb. Grose (1790) ; Nlib.'
BLOAKER, sb. Yks. [Unknown to our corre-
spondents.] Term applied to a child.
w.Yks. 5 T'finest little bloaker yuli ivver clapt yuhr two ees
on, 35-
BLOATHERRING, sb. Suf. A smoked, half-dried
herring ; a bloaten
Suf. The word is fast going out of use (F.H.'i ; Suf.'
[To the Dolphin, and there eat some bloat herrings,
Pepys Diary (Oct. 5, i66i) ; Why you stink like so many
bloat-herrings newly taken out of the chimney, Jo.nso.n
Masque of Augurs (1621), ed. Cunningham, 162 ; Fitiiier, to
bloat, besmoake, hang or drie in the smoake, Cotgr.]
BLOATY, adj. Lin. e.An. Also written blowty
Lin." ; blauthy e.An.' Nrf.' [blo'ti.] Bloated, pufty,
swollen.
n.Lin.' She look'd real blowty last time I seed her. e.An.' A
fond mother, looking at her poor little boy's swollen cheek. obser\'ed
sorrowfully, ' He was a bloaty little cousan and no mistake.' Nrf.
She wus a wunnerful blothy wumman i.W.R.E.) ; Nrf.' Suf. t,F.lI.)
BLOB, sb. and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also Aus. Also written blab Sc. N.I.'; blub w.Yks.**
Hrf.2 GIo.' Wil.' See Blab, Bleb, [blob, blab.J
1. sb. A bubble ; a blister.
S.Don. Si.MMONS Gl. (1890^. Nhb.' Air blobs, n. Yks.' Soap-
blobs. T'pool's a' ower blobs ; ii.Yks.'*, e.Yks.', m.Yks.' w.Yks.
Hev ya niv\'er seen t' lads makkin blobs? Saiinlerer's SaU/iti
(1879 10 ; We raize az gently as a ' .soap blob,' To.M Tkeddllhovle
Baimsia Ann. (1865 32; w.Yks.^^^^ La^ 1 cus.', Der.' s.Not.
Go, what a big blob I've blowed ! (J. P.K.I Lei.', War.* SUr.'
Dick's got a bad leg ; it come jest a little blob, an' sprad all o'er
'is leg like S Anthony's fire. 'I'hat fresh drink dunna-d-'afc work,
on'y jista blob 'ere an' theer. Hrf.'. Nrf.', Cor.'^
Hence Blobby,n<^'. containing bubbles; also of weather:
very rainy.
Buff.' Sjiokcn of a d.ay when the raindrops, in falling on water,
cause bubbles or blobs to rise. Abd. yG.\W.), n.Yks. T.W. )
2. A drop of moisture ; a splash.
Sc. A blab of ink (Jam.) ; The feast of j-estrecn how it oozes
through In bell and blab on his burly brow, TiiOM Rhymes ! 1844)
72. Frf. In a wet iay the rain gathered in blobs that passed our
garden. Baukie Thrums (1889' 133. Lnk. Her een the clearest
blob o' dew outshines, Kamsay Genlle Shep. (1725 II. ii ; \Vi' the
saut blobs drap drappin'frae his een into his horn spune, Frasek
IVhaups (1895) XV. N.Cy.' Stf.^ When th' reen cums dain i'
greet big blobs, it's sure t'rcen to-morrow. n.Lin.' The waUer
was hingin' e' blobs up o' th' ciive straws. He did maake a blob
when he tumTd i'lo th' beck. Nhp.' The water hangs in blobs on
the eaves of a building after a shower ; Nhp,^ SUr.' The swat
stood on 'is foryed i' blobs as big as pase.
BLOB
[304]
BLOG
Hence Blobbed, ppl. adj. blotted, smeared, soiled.
Sc. We still say that clothes are blabb'd (Jam.). e.Lth. It was
that sma'-writtcn, forby bein a' blobbit an' crunkled, Hunter
J. Iiiivkk (1895) 27.
3. A small lump of anything; a plumb.
n.Lin. Along o' my runnin' away wi' her crewell ball and
makin' a blobb for eels wi' it, Peacock J. Markoificld ( 1872) I.
113; n.Lin.i A pear-shaped piece of lead which forms the weight
of a mason's level. e.An.* [Applied to] anything thick, viscid, or
dirty, as tallow, dregs of ink, &c. [Aus. Put on a good blob of
meat, half as big as your fist, Nicols IVild Life (1887) I. vi.]
4. The honey-bag of a bee. Sometimes also honey-
blab.
Ayr, Will ye help to hand it till I take out the honey blob? Galt
EiUail (1823) xxiii. Ant. (W.H.P.), N.I.' Nhb. Like honey
blobs me heart'U brust, Rodson Callerforney 1,1849; ; Nhb.'
5. The best of anything.
Cu n.i He teiik t'blob on't. n.Yks.3
6. The under-lip.
Nhp.i See how he hangs his blob.
7. A box on the ear ; a blow.
Lin. If he'd thought it was Jacob, and given him what he calls
a blob, Fenn Dick 0' the Fens (1888) ii ; A blob in the eye
(J.C.W.).
8. In comp. (i) Blob-cap, a boys' game ; see below ; (2)
•fat, the bagged fat upon cattle in high condition ; (3)
■kite, the fish Lota vulgaris; (4) -lip, a very full lip that
hangs down ; (5) -milk, milk with its cream mingled ; (6j
•ripe, very ripe, ready to burst like a drop of water.
(I I Dur.i Hats are placed against the wall ; a ball is thrown from
the distance of a few yards into one of the caps or hats ; all then
run away except the owner of the cap, who hits any one that he
can with the ball, &c. (2) n.Yks.2 (3) n.Lin.i The first blob-kite
I iver caught was e' Peacock warpin' drean. [Satchell (1879).]
(4) Nhp.l (5) w.Yks.s (6) N.Cy.' Nhp. Applied to fruit, as
gooseberries (P.G.D.).
9. V. To bubble, to blister, sometimes with prep. tip.
Bnff.' Wm.i It rains and blobs again [so hard as to make
the surface of water bubble]. n.Yks.'^ w.Yks.s Ah burnt me
fing-er, an' it blubb'd up in a minnit. When milk is poured from
one vessel into another, it ' blubs ' in the receiving vessel. Chs.^
Jam's ne'er done till it blobs. Stf.^
Hence Blobbing, vbl. sb. the rising of air-bubbles on
the surface of liquids.
n.Yks.' Stf.^ Be sure tak it off th' foire as soon as it starts
a blobbing.
10. To swell up, to become puffy or bloated.
n.Yks.2 s.'Wor. Porson Quaint IVJs. (1875). Hrf.^ Glo.
Well, your face be blubbed up ! (A.B. ) ; GIo.i Wil.' A man out of
health and puffy about the face is said to look ' ter'ble blubbed up.'
Hence Blobby, adj. swollen.
Colloq. Such a funny blobby old nose, Peacock Soldier and
Mtiid (1890) iv.
11. To plunge or fall suddenly into the water.
n.Yks.2 I blobb'd in. e.Yks.i
12. To shake.
e.An.i, Nrf. (A.G.F.)
13. Of currants : to pick the ripe ones from the bunch.
Yks. iJ.T.W.)
14. To catch eels by a bait of strung worms. Cum.^
Hence Blobbing, vbl. sb. the process of catching eels.
n.Lin.'
15. To rob a bee of its honey-bag. Also^^. to plunder.
Ayr. He'll blob him like a bumbee, Service Nolandiims ^1890)
74. Gall. (A.W.)
BLOB, adj e.An. [blob.]
1. Blunt. e.An.', Suf.'
2. Comp. Blob-ended, blunt, rounded at the end.
e.An.' A pen, a pencil, an awl, or a nail, is said to be blob-ended.
Suf." A parrot's tongue is said to be blob-inded.
BLOBBER, sb. and v} Nhb. Wm. Lan. Chs. Stf Nhp.
War. Wor. e.An. Cor. Also written blubber Nhp.'
War.3 se.Wor.' e.An.' Nrf.' [blo-b3(r).l
1. sb. A bubble.
Nhb.' They're blawin blobbers wi' pipe-stopples. n.Lan.',
ra.Lan.i, s.Chs.', Stf.2 War.3 Obs. To blow blubbers with a tobacco
pipe and soap and water was a favourite amusement. se.Wor.',
e.An.', Nrf.' Cor.' ; Cor.^ All in great blobbers.
2. V. To bubble.
Wm. It o' blobbered ower t'pot top (B.K) ; Wm.', s.Chs.', Stf.=
Nhp.' The water blubbers up.
[1. Blober upon water, boiiteillis, Palsgr. (1530) ; Blobyr,
biirbidiinii. Prompt, (ed. Pynson). 2. The bloberond
blode blend with the rayn, Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 9642.]
BLOBBER, v:^ Stf. Shr. [blb'b3(r).] To cry in
a broken, sobbing manner.
Stf.'^ Blars ar Dik blobbarin agen ; if ja ouni bukn at 'im Ci
starts a shroikin. Shr.'
BLOBBER, see Blubber.
BLOCKER, v. Ags. Per. (Jam.) To make a gurgling
noise in coughing.
BLOCK, sb} and v. Var. dial, usages in Sc. and Eng.
Also Aus. [blok.]
1. sb. A log.
Dev. An wat way tha zmal stiks za wul as tha blocks, Et raich'd
ta tha crook ware thay hang up tha crocks, Nathan Hogg Poet.
Lett. (1847) 47, ed. 1865. Cor. The Christmas stock, mock, or
block, on which the rude figure of a man had been chalked, was
kindled with great ceremony, Flk-Lore Jrn. (1886) IV. 115.
2. A lump of soil (.').
Hrt. His ground . . . ploughed up in blocks, as we call it, that is,
clotty and rough, Ellis Mod. Hiisb. (1750).
3. In comb, (i) Block, hammer, and nail, a boys' game
requiring seven players, three of whom represent the
above-named articles, the remaining four being employed
to swing the hammer against the block ; (2) •horse,
a strong wooden frame with four handles for the purpose
of carrying blocks.
(i) Bnff.' (2) e.An.'
4. v. To pelt, to knock ; to strike with a pole-axe.
Cum. A grand picter ov Jack blockin' gient Galligantus, Farrall
Betty Wilson (i886) 54. Chs.' ; Chs.^ A boy caught rather
suspiciously near a walnut tree, cried out 'I didna block them,*
i.e. he \vas picking up fallen ones, not pelting them down. [Aus.
The bullock to be 'blocked' receives one [a blow] on the nose which
arrests him for an instant, Boldrewood Colon. Reformer (1890)
II. xviii.]
5. Hence sb. an advanced stage of intoxication. Lin.'
See Blocker.
6. To exchange, to make a bargain.
Dmf. To block a shilling, to accept copper in lieu of it CJam.V
Hence Blocking-ale, sb.-a. drinking together by persons
who have just concluded a bargain. Bch. (Jam.)
[1. (The child) consumeth to nothing, as block in the
fier, TussER Hiisb. (1580) 26.]
BLOCKAN, sb. Irel. LMa. Also written blockin
LMa. The coal-fish Mcrlaiigiis carboiiarius.
N.I.' The fry are called gilpins, small ones pickies ; the mid-sized
ones blockans and glashans, and when large, grey lord and stanlock.
I. Ma. Just a string of Callag a blockin, Browne Z)or/or (1887) Ixviii.
[Satchell (1879).]
BLOCKER, s6.' Cum. Yks. [blokar, blo-k3(r).] A
hatchet, chopper, axe, pole-axe.
Cum.' w.Yks. Shoo gate th' blocker an* wor baan to chop it
into chips, Hartley Clock Aim. (1872) 49 ; Gen, made throughout
of one piece of metal iJ.T. ) ; w.Yks.' Abroad axe used in squaring
timber ; w.Yks.^
BLOCKER, s6.* Lin. An advanced stage of intoxication.
Lin.' He has got a blocker on to-day.
BLOCKING-AXE, sb. Obs. Shr.i An axe employed
for squaring timber, having a handle so curved horizontally,
right and left, as to save the knuckles of the workman.
BLOCKY, adj Shr.' [bio ki.] Short and stout.
BLODDER, v. Wm. [blodar.] Of liquor : to flow
with a gurgling sound out of a vessel with a narrow
aperture ; also to cry immoderately.
Wm. It's o' bloddered away oot o' t'bottle. What for is thoo
blodderin an rooarin ? (B.K.)
BLODDER, see Blather.
BLOG, sb. and v. Dev. Cor. Also in form bloggy Dev.
[blog.J
1. sb. A fig. use of Uoch, q.v. Used of anything re-
sembling a block or log of wood.
Cor. I've a nice little blogof a horse, Thomas Randignl Rlnnies
('895) 6.
BLOICHUM
[305:
BLOOD-OLPH
Hence Bloggy, adj. thick-set, stout.
Cor. A blopfjy little liorse, Thomas Randigal Rhymes (1895) Gl.
2. V. To look sullen or sulky.
n.Dev. Tliec be olvveys . . . \>\o»g\nf^, Exm. Scold. (1746) I. 313 ;
And tlian th.i wut bloggy, ih. 1. 258 ; Grose (.1790) MS. add. (,11.)
Hence Bloggy, adj. sulky, sullen.
Dev. Miive, bloggy, clopping blindego, Rock Jim an' AV//(i867)
St. 4.
|Cp. Gaelic (dial.) blog, block, fr. E. block (Machain).]
BLOICHUM, sb. Ayr. (Jam.) A person who has
a cough.
BLOIFIN, sb. e.An.' [bloifin.] A cough.
BLOIK, s6. Obs.-> Sc. Mischief.
Sc. GuosE (1790) MS. add. (C.)
BLOINT, V. S. & Ork.' To wink from the effects of
drowsiness.
BLOISENT, adj. Ags. (Jam.) Of the face : red,
swollen, disfigured.
BLOIT. sb. e.Yks. [bloit.l A failure, a collapse.
e.Yks. Thing lewkt vveel .inccf ti stalit vviv ; bud what a bloit
it ended wiv, Nicholson F/kS/>. (1889) 92 ; e.Yks.'
BLOME-DOWN, rtrt>. Obs.? Dor. Clumsy.
Dor. Gl. (1851).
BLONK, see Blunk.
BLOO, see Blow.
BLOOD, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Written blude Sc.
1. In comp. (i) Blood-blister, a small blister containing
blood, often caused by a pinch or smart blow ; (2) -boar,
a boar of the smoother, more highly-bred stock of swine,
as opposed to the long-haired or coarse breed; (3)
-boltered, clotted with blood ; (4) -fallen, chilblained ;
(5) -friend, a relation by blood ; (6) -g^rass, a disease of
kine ; (7) -hawk, the kestrel, Tinnunadus alandariits ; (8)
-iron, a fleam, or lancet for bleeding horses or cattle ;
(9) -lark, the meadow pipit or tit-lark, Anthiis pratciisis ;
(10) -lights, Aurora dorealis, the supposed sign of some
slaughter; (11) -linnet, the linnet, Linola cannabina ; (12)
-pudding, a ' black pudding,' a sausage mixed with pig's
blood; (13) -rot, a complaint among sheep; (14I -run,
(151 -shed, (161 -shotten, bloodshot; (17) -stale, a disease
of horses, in which the urine is mixed with blood; (18)
-stick, {a) see -iron ; [b] a thoroughbred horse ; (c) a fiery,
obstinate person ; (19) -stone, a variety of hematite ; (20)
-warm, rather warmer than lukewarm; (21) -weals,
ridges on the flesh from the lash of a whip ; (22) -wit,
obs., a fine paid for the effusion of blood.
(i) Chs.i (2) n.Yks.i (3) War. Wise Shakespere (i86i) 113.
f4">e.An.', Nrf.i (5) Sc. The laird of Haddo yields to the Earl
Marischal, being his blood friend, Spalding Hist. Troubles in Sc.
(1792;! II. 187 (Jam.). (6) ib. When cattle are changed from one
kind of pasture to another, some of them are seized with a complaint
called blood-grass, Agric. Surv. Sth. 100 (Jam.). (7) Oxf. [So
called] from the blood-red colour of the eggs, Swainson Birds
(1885)140. (8) n.Yks.i (9) Chs.i Hmp. There be a blood-lark's
nest near t'pin-stock, there be (W.M.E.F.). (id w.Ir. They are
distinguished from lightning by being called 'bloodlights.' When
of white, or blue, or other colours than red, when being described
you will hear it said ' they were not lightning, but seemed to be
some sort of breed of bloodlights,' /"W'-i-oif/fcr.^ 1 881) IV. 100. (11 j
Nrf. SwAiNSON B/Vrfs (1885) 64. (12) w.Yks.s, e.Lan.i (13) Cmb.
Marshall lieview (1814 IV. 623; Reports Agric. (1793-1813'!.
(14) Sc. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.l (15' Ant. Your eye's all
bloodshed (J.S.). (16) ne Wor. Obsol. (J.W.P.) (17) n.Lin.'
(18, a) n.Yks.', n.Lin.', se.Wor.', Shr.' (A, c) s.Not. She wor a
bloodstick, that mare. She hit 'im owcr th 'ead wi' the proker ;
she wor a bloodstick i' them days (J.P.K.). e.Lin. (G.G.W.)
(191 Cum. This is of every gradation of hardness, from the reddle
... to the hardest bloodstone, HtJTCHiNSON Jlist. Cum. (1794) I.
App. 51. (20) War.3 Hrt. Luke-warm or milk- or blood-warm,
Ellis Mod. Iliisb. (1750^ II. i. (21) n.Yks.* '22^ Sc. You are
aware the blood-wit was made up to your ain satisfaction, Scott
IVaverley ^1814) xh'iii.
2. CoiHp. in plant-names: (i) Blood-cups, Pezisa coca'iiea ;
(2) -elder or -hilder, Sainbanis ebtilus ; (3) -root, Poleii-
tilla tormeidilla, the tormentil ; (4) -tongue, Galium apa-
rine ; (5) -vine, Epilobium angustifolium \ (6) -wall,
VOL. I.
CImranlhus clieiri, the dark double wallflower ; see
Bloody-warrior.
(ly Sus. 12 Nrf. Believed to have been brought over by the
Danes, and planted on the graves of their countrymen. (3 Nhb.'
Called also Flesh-and- blood. Ewe-daisy, and Shepherds-knot.
,4) Sc, Chs. (5) Hmp.' (6) Chs.'3, Nhp.'
3. In phr. (1) blood or blur and agers, an exclamation
or expletive ; (2) — ami flummery, (3) — or blur and ouiis,
(4) — and llniitdcr, exclamations or expletives; (5) to get
blood from a turnip, to achieve something almost im-
possible; (6) to turn the blood, to cause a reaction by
means of some great shock, in cases of disease.
(i)Ir.Bluran' agers, don't be too curious, Carleton Fardoroiigha
(1848) xvii. w.Ir. Blood-an-agers ! says I, Paddy, Lover Leg.
(1848) I. 178. (2) Ir. Blood and flummery! what a night. Carle-
ton Fardorougha (1836) 234. (3) 16. Oh I blood and oons !
Barrington Sketches (1830) III. xvi ; (G.M.H.) w.Ir. Blur-an-
ouns, is it a tinker you are? Lover Zrg'. (1848) I. 8. (4' Ker.
Why then, blood and thunder I is that you, Lanegan ' Barrington
Sketches (1830) L viii. (5) N.I.' (6) Dor. You must touch with
the limb the neck of a man who's been hanged. ... It will turn
the blood and change the constitution, Hakdy Wess. Tales (i888)
I. lOI.
4. A person, individual ; gen. used as a term of pity or
commiseration.
Ken. De poor blood hadn' had nodden tfl eat fur three days
(P.M.). e.Ken. Poorlittlehalf-starvedblood(G.G.). Ken.>Commonly
used by the elder people.
[1. (4) Cp. bloody fall, an ailment of the feet similar to
chilblains. The angry chilblanes and bloudy-fals that
trouble the feet, Holland /Y»?y (1601) II. 76. 8. Take
a bloud-yren, . . . and smyte hym bloudde on bothe
sydes, Fitzherbert Husb. (1534) 54; Bloode yryn,
bledynge yryn. Prompt.^
BLOOD, v.^ Sc. Irel. Yks. Lan. Lin. Wor. Dev.
1. To bleed ; to let blood.
Edb. As if her nose had been blooding, Moir Maiisie Jl'aiich
(1828) 41; Ye mind when ye bluidcd my nose? Stevenson
Puddin (1894) 22. N.I.' Your nose is bio din'. n.Yks.' She
blooded nigh-hand a' t'weea hame. n.Lin.' Th' boss was blooded
three times, but he deed for all that. sw.Lin.' The farrier came
and blooded him. Wor. A bloods 'im, an' a cuts 'im, an" a gics
'im doctors' stuff (H.K.).
Hence Blooding-iron, sb. a fleam for bleeding horses.
n.Lin.'
2. To make a dog draw the blood of an animal, to allow
hounds to eat the quarry.
Lan. A man who had a bull-terrier pup went out to blood it,
N.ifQ. (1871) 4th S. vii. 311. n.Dev. The honour of blooding
a pack of hounds I Whyte Melville A'«^c>/<-//o 1875 xxv. [When
once well blooded they will retain an attachment to the scent,
Mayer Sptsmn's Direct. 1845 16. |
[To bloud, let bloud, venam secare, sangtiinetn detra/iere.
Coles (1679).]
BLOOD, -c'.'^ Dor. pp. o[ to bleed.
w.Dor. I thought I should 'a blood to death (C.V.G.).
BLOOD-ALLEY, .■</>. In gai. dial. use. In form
bloody-olley Yks. ; bloody Not. A superior taw or alley,
made of white marble, streaked with deep red. See
Ally.
w.Yks. Leeds Mere. Supf<l. (Nov. 7, 18911 s.Lan. (T.R.C),
Clis.', s.Not. (J.P.K.), Lei.', Nhp.' 0x1' MS. add. Brks.'
Wil. Slow Gl (1892) ; Wil.'
BLOOD-ALP, sb. Nrf. Suf Sur. SonL Also in form
blood-oaf Suf ; -olph e.An.' Nrf Sur. ; -uIphNrf; •hoop,
-hook Sum. The male bullfinch, Pyrrhula europaea. See
Alp.
e.An.' Nrf. Them blood-ulphs are wunnerful things to bud the
bushes (W.R.E.) ; Cozens-Harpv Broad Nrf. 118931 43; Nrf.'
Suf. I G.E.D ) ; Science Gossip (1882 214 ; (F.H. 1 Sur. N. L- Q
(1855) ist S. xi. 253; Swainson Birds 1885) 67. Som. The
pinks an' blood-hooks I finches, thee do call 'cm, an' buU-finch^s.
l"or sure , I.ehh Lemon Verbena (18951 38; iJ.S.F.S.)
BLOODEN, ad/. Obs. ? Ird. Fresh.
Wxf.' liloocdcn calcs fcclsl.
BLOOD-HOOK, -HOOP, sec Blood-alp.
BLOODINGS, si.//. Ken.'= Black puddings.
BLOOD-OLPH, sec Blood-alp.
R r
BLOOD-RAING
[306]
BLOOM
BLOOD-RAING, v. Sc. Written bleedraing Bnff.*
To become bloodshot.
Bnff.' His een a' begin t'bleed-raing finivver he tastes a drap o'
drink.
Hence Blood-raingt, ppl. adj. bloodshot. Bnff.'
BLOOD-SUCKER, sb. Irel. Lin. Som. Dev. Cor.
1. The common leech, the horse-leech.
Som.jENNiNGS Obs.Dial. tu.Eng. (1825). w.Som.' Blid zeokur.
Dev. w.Times (Mar. 12, 1886) 6, col. 4 ; Dev.'
2. The gadfly.
n.Lin.i Dev. w. Times (Mar. 12, 1886) 6, col. 4.
8. The sea-anemone or stinging jelly-fish.
N.I.i, Cor.i2
[1. A blood sucker, hinido, Coles (1679) ; Sangsug, a
horse-leech, a blood sucker, Cotgr. ; If the sheepe haue
swallowed a horse-leach (in the Table of Contents • bloud-
sucker'), Markham Con ntiry Fannc (1616) 116. 2. Blood-
sucker, a fly, anything that sucks blood, Ash (1795).]
BLOOD-ULPH, see Bloodalp.
BLOODWORT, sb. (i) Eryihroea centamiuni, common
centaury (Shr.') ; (2) Geranium Robertiaiutni (Cum.') ; (3)
Rntnex hydrolapathiiin, water-dock (Chs.') ; (4) R. san-
guineus (n.Cy.), bloody-dock.
[(3) Bloud woort or bloudy patience is called of some
Sanguis Draconis, Gerarde Herb. (ed. 1633) 391 ; Sang de
Dragon, the herb called bloodwort, bloody patience,
Cotgr. (4) Among ' seedes and herbes for the kitchen '
Tusser mentions ' bloodwoort,' Husb. (1580) 93.]
BLOODY, adj. and adv. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Also in forms bleedie Sc. ; bliddy Dev.
1. adj. In co)np. (i) Bloody-bat, the ' hat-bat,' Vespertilio
noctula ; (2) -bones, a gobhn, a bogey ; (3) -pot, a black
pudding; (4) -rogers, obs., an old-fashioned potato with
a very red skin; (5) -scones, scones made of the blood
it was at one time customary to draw from the cattle on
a farm; (6) — Thursday, the Thursday before Easter; (7)
— wars, serious consequences; also used as an exclama-
tion of annoyance.
(11 Lei.' (2)Yks. Bloodybones would start up and tear them
limb from limb, Fayqidiar Fraukhcaii^ 237. Lan. Children . . .
cautioned against venturing too near the v^ater's brink lest . . .
Bloody Bones should pull them in, Hakland & Wilkinson
Flk-Lore (,1867) 86. w.Som.' Mothers constantly say to their
children : Aad puut ee een dhu daa'rkee oa'l lau'ng wai dhu
blid'ce boa'unz [I will put you in the dark hole, along with
the bloody-bones]. (3) n.Dev. Tha natlings an' tha bliddy-pot
Both turned out gude vor nort. Rock Jim an^ Nell (1867) St.
16. (4) Chs.' Reckoned one of the best varieties forty or fifty
years ago. Now quite extinct ; Chs.^ (5) Gall. (W.G.) (6)
Nhb. N. & Q. (1854) ist S. X. 87. e.Yks.' Children enumerate
the days of the week thus : ' Egg and collop Monday ; Pancake
Tuesday ; Ash Wednesday ; Bloody Thursday ; Lang Friday'll
nivver be deean, an Heigh for Setthaday efther-necan. (7) Ir. If
the Pope makes Dr. X. Archbishop there'll be bloody wars
(G.M.H.).
2. Comb, in plant-names : (i) Bloody-bells, Digitalis
purpurea, the foxglove ; (2) — butcher, Orchis mascula,
early purple orchis ; (3) — crane's bill. Geranium sangui-
neum; (4) -dock, Runiex sanguineus; (5) — Mary, Gera-
nium RobertianujH, crane's-bill ; (6) — sea-dock, Lapathum
marinum sanguineum ; (7) -thumbs, quaker-grass.
(i) Lnk. (Jam.) (2) wr.Wor.', Shr.', Hrf.^ (31 w.Yks. Lees
/"/ora (1888) 178. (4) w.Som.l Blid-ee dauk. (5) w.Yks. (J. W.)
(6) Cor.2 (7,se.Wor.l
3. Well-bred, having good blood in the veins.
n.Yks.' A desput bloody-looking lahtle meear. She cooms ov
a bloody sort n.Lin.^ That's a bloody tit th' Squire rides noo.
He cums of a bloody stock, that's why he's kind to poor foaks.
4. Applied, without any definite meaning, to persons or
things. In gen. low colloq. use.
[In gciu colloq. use among the lowest classes; its derivation
attaches no sanguinary meaningto it, l.ab. Gl. (1894').] n.Lin. It's
a bloody shame, N. &= Q. (1877) 5th S. vii. 259. Ken. (D.W.L.)
[The lower classes use 'bloody' indifferently as a term of de-
preciation or appreciation. 'Twas a bloody sight better than
county gaol, N. &= Q. (1868) 4th S. i. 133.]
5. adv. Used as intensive : very, exceedingly, des-
perately.
s.Wm. It was bleady cald, Hutton Dial. Slorth and Arnside
(1760) 1. 7.
[5. This is a bloody positive old fellow, Fielding
JVedding Day (1743) in. vi.J
BLOODY FINGERS, sb. (i) Arum maculatum (Hmp.);
(2) Digitalis purpurea, the foxglove (Sc. Cum. Yks. Hrf.
w.Som.'j ; (3) Orchis mascula, the purple orchis (Glo.').
(i) Hmp. Them bloody-fingers 'ill mak red berries in th'autumn
(W.F. ). (2) Bwk. The primrose, the bludifinger, and the crawtae
grow unsqueezed and unlocked at, Henderson Pop. Rhymes
(1856)83. GaH. (Jaji.) Hrf.= Called also 'fairy gloves.'
BLOODY MAN'S FINGERS, sb. (i) Arum maculatum
(Wor.) ; (2) Digitalis purpurea, the foxglove (Hrf Rdn.) ;
(3) Orchis mascula, the purple orchis (Chs.'* Wor. Glo.') ;
(4) Orchis morio (Chs.') ; (5) Scilla nutans (Glo.).
(2) Rdn. N. & Q. (1878) 5th S. x. 105. (3) Glo. Science Gossip
(1865) 36-
BLOODY-"WALL, see Bloody- warrior.
BLOODY-WALLIER, see Bloody-warrior.
BLOODY--WARRIOR, sb. Stf Nhp. Shr. Glo. Oxf.
Brks. Bdf Hmp. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also in form
bloody-wall Stf Bdf ; blood y-wallier w.Cy. ; bloody-
wayer Som. ; bliddy-waryers Dev.
1. The dark-coloured wallflower, Cheiranthus cheiri.
n.Stf. N. V O. (1872) 4th S ix. 375. Stf.', Nhp.', Shr.', Glo.',
Oxf, Brks.i, B'df. ( J.W.B \ Hmp.' Wil. He dressed himself in the
cleanest of smocks, . . . stuck a bloody-warrior, or dark-coloured
wall flower, in his bosom, EwiNG Jan Windmill (1873) vi ; Wil.'
Dor. So called from the blood-like tinges on its corolla, Barnes
Gl. (1863); (C.V.G.) Som. Sweetman Wincanton G/. (1885).
w.Som.l Blid'ce waur-yurz. Dev. Dark-skinned as th' Bloody-
warrior, Madox-Brown Yath-hoiinds (1876) 256; I've agot a
'mazing crap ov blidd^'-waryers thease yei', Hewett Peas. Sp,
(1892) ; Dev.">, nw.Dev.', Cor.'^
2. The red crane's-bill. Cor.'^
BLOOENS, see Blowings.
BLOOM, s6.' Sh.I. Chs. e.An. Ken. Wil. Dor. Dev.
[blfim.]
1. A rosy colour or flush on the face.
Wil.* Ther you knaws as I do alius get the hot blooms terble
bad. Dor. Barnes Gl (1863'); Dor.'
Hence (i) Blooming, vbl. sb. flushing of the face in
fever ; (2) Bloomy, adj. having a high colour.
(i) Dev. Grose (1790J MS. add. (C.J (2) Chs.i ; Chs.^ A
bloomy wench.
2. The efflorescent crystallization upon the outside of
thoroughly dried fish.
Sh.I. When the body of a fish is all equally dried, it is known
by tlie salt appearing on the surface in a white efflorescence, here
called bloom, Agric. Surv. 91 (Jam.). S. & Ork.'-
3. Plumage of a bird.
e.An.i Cock teal in full bloom.
Hence Bloomage, sb. plumage of a bird. Ken.'
BLOOM, sb? Sc. Irel. Wm. Lan. Stf Shr. [blilm.] A
square mass of iron, which has passed a second time
through the furnace.
Sc. The name given at Carron iron-works to malleable iron
after having received two beatings. The pig-iron is melted, and
afterwards beaten out into plates an inch thick . . . ; they are
brought under the hammer and wrought into what are called
blooms, Agric. Suni. S/iil. 348 (Jam. i. Ir. Ulster Jni. Arcli.
(1855)111.197. Stf.i, Shr.i2 [They bring it to a bloom, which
is a four square mass of about two foot long, Ray (ibgt) ; (K.)]
Hence (i) Bloomery, sb. a furnace for smelting iron
with charcoal ; (2) Bloom-smithy-rent, 065., a rent for the
use of ovens and furnaces.
(1} Ir. There be not ten iron furnaces, but above twenty forges
and bloomeries. Petty Pol. Anat. (1571) in Ulster Jm. Arch.
(1855)111.197. Wm.' (2)Lan. (K.)
[OE. bloma, a mass of metal. Bloma o¥¥e dah, massa,
Voc. MS. Colt. (c. 1080) in Wright's Voc. 334. (i) Blomary,
is that forge, where the iron, stone, or oare is first melted
into pigs; now called a furnace, Blount (1681).]
BLOOM, V. Hmp. Wil. Of the sun : to shine scorch-
ingly ; to throw out heat as a fire.
Wil.' How the sun do bloom out atwecn the clouds.
BLOOM-FELL
L307]
BLOUSY
Hence (i) Blooming,/;^/, adj.^ (2) Bloomy, adj. sultry,
(i) Wil.i 'Tis a main blooming day. (2) Hmp.' It's bloomy liot.
Wil Britton J5fn«/i« (1825I; Wil.'
BLOOM-FELL, sb. Sc. The yellow clover, Lotus
cornictilalus. Also called Fell-bloom.
Sc. Ling, deer-hair, and bloom-fell, are also scarce, Prize Ess.
Jlighl. Soc. III. 524 (Jam.).
BLOOMING, ndj. Irel. Comb, in plnnt-nnmes : (i)
Blooming Sally, the hairy willow-herb, Epiltibiiim liirsit-
tiiiii (N.I.^) ; (2) —willow, E. aiiffiis/i/o/iiiiii (Don.).
BLOOMTH, sb. Suf. Bloom, blossom.
Suf. Them crokcrs are a nubbin for the bloomth [the crocuses
are coming (^budding) into blossom] (C. 1".).
[D/ooin (vb.)-f-/// ; cp. /il//i, fr. ti/l, vb.]
BLOOMY-DOWN, sb. Som. The sweet-william,
Diaiilluts barbatus.
Som. Gilliflowers, warriors, bloomy-downs, and fidly a hundred-
weight of boy's love, Raymond Sam and Sabina (,1894) 34.
w.Som.i Bleomee daewn.
BLOOR, see Blore.
BLOOSTER, sb. Sh.I. Also in form bluster. Rough,
barren ground, scarcely worth cultivation.
Sh.I. (K.I.); {Coll. L.L.B.)
BLOOTH, see Blowth.
BLORE, V. Yks. Lin. Nrf. Suf. Also written bloor
n.Lin.' [blu3(r).l
1. Of cattle : to bellow, low. See Blare, v.
n.Lin.i, e.An.i Nrf. The child ' squalls,' the cow ' blores,' orthe
calf ' blares,' Clyde Neiv Gar. (1866) i; They blored and weant
on in such a w.iy, . . . swishing their tails, .Spilling Molly Miggs
(1873I X. Suf. Never confounded with ' blare' (F.H.) ; The stock
run bloren about for wittles, Clyde Nnv Gar. (1866) 271.
2. Of children : to weep, cry out loudly.
w.Yks.2 nXin. SuTTON Wds. 1 1881) ; n.Lin.', Suf. (F.H.")
BLORT,2^. and sb. Sc. Yks. Der. Not. Written blawt
w.Yks. Not. [blft.]
1. V. To bellow loudly, make a loud noise ; to cry. See
Blart.
w.Yks. What's teh blawt like that for? Leeds Merc. Siipfil.
(Oct. 24, 1891). Der.2, nw.Der.i, Not. (J.H.B.), s.Not. (J.P.K.),
Not. '3
2. Of a horse: to snort. Fif (Jam.)
3. To talk nonsense. s.Not. (J.P.K.)
4. sb. A loud noise. •
w.Yks. Shoo ga'sich a blawt, if^rfs Merc Suppl. (Oct. 24, 1891).
BLOSH, see Blash.
BLOSS, sb. Sc. Irel. Yks. Lin. [bios]
1. A term of endearment ; a buxom young woman. See
Blossom.
Sc. Here, like queens, hand up their heads Thinking they're
sonsy blosscs, Airdn'e Fair. st. 16 (Jam.). N.I.^
2. Used ironically of any ugly sight; a 'fright'; an
untidy head of hair.
ne.Yks.' Thoo diz leeak a bonny bloss i' tliat au'd goon. Lin.'
What a bloss you have, sureii.
BLOSSOM, .•;/).» Yks. Chs. Lin. Hrt. Wil. Som. Dcv.
Also in form blassom s.Chs.' ; blizzum Chs.' [blosam.l
1. In coinp. (1) Blossom-time, the time of flowering; (2)
-withy, Plilo.x aculifolium.
(I) Hrt. Others turn their sheep and lambs together among their
beans to remain till blossom time. Ellis Mod- Hush. ',1750; II. i.
(21 Dev.* The plant has the appearance of a withy in bloom.
2. The flower of the hawthorn.
w.Som.i School Inspector: 'What do you mean by May!'
(Several hands up) — * Blossom.' nw.Dev.*
3. A snowflake.
Wil. I da think as it be goin' to snow. Anj-more than there was
a few blossoms s'marnin i^W.C.P.); Wil.' What girt blossoms
'tvvcr to the snow istcrday.
4. Used ironically as a mild term of reproach to a
woman ; a hussy.
w.Yks.2, Chs.l s.Chs.' Oo)zu blaas flm, <jo iz [hoo's a blassom,
hoo is]. n.Lin.' sw.Lio.l Oh, what a blossom yon lass is.
5. An odd figure, queer character ; an extremely dirty
person or thing.
n.Yks.2 (s.v. Bonny). e.Yks.' MS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks.5 A
bonny blossom.
BLOSSOM, sb? e.An. [blosam.] The state of cream
in the operation of churning, when it seems to be in a state
of fermentation. e.An.'
Hence Blossomed, adj.., said of cream becoming full
of air whilst churning. e.An.', Nrl.'
BLOT, v} and sb. Lin.
1. V. In phr. blot about, to shoot aimlessly.
n.Lin. That lad'll be shuttin' aaither hissen or sum on uz afoore
he's dun blottin' .iboot (MP.); n.Lin.' I'll not hev thoo blottin'
aboot wi' that thciire pistil.
2. sb. The report of a gun or pistol. n.Lin.'
BLOT, i'.^ Sc. [Unknown to our correspondents.] To
puzzle, nonplus.
Per. Own'd that lecture did him blot, Duff Poems, no (Jam.).
BLOTCH, sb. and v. Yks. Chs. Not. Lin. [blotj.]
1. sb. A blot.
n.Yks. In Cleveland, 'blot' is supposed to be vulgar (I.W.).
e.Yks.', w.Yks.3, Chs.', s.Chs.', Not. (,J.H.B.), nXin.'
2. Blotting-paper.
w.Yks. Z-fff/s Mere. Suppl. (Nov. 7, 1891) ; w.Yks.s
3. V. To blot.
n.Yks. '. ne.Yks,' Chs.' He's blotched his copy-book. s.Chs.'
s.Not. Johnny's blotched ma copy raight across ; three gret
blotches (J.P.K). n.Lin.' Noo, lads, doant blotch yer books nor
suck yer pens.
Hence (1) Blotch-paper, (2) Blotching-paper, blotting-
paper.
(I) n.Yks.' w.Yks. Piper Dial. Slifffkld (1824); w.Yks. 3,
Not.', n.Lin.' (2) e.Yks.' w.Yks. Common in Wilsden, Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 7, i8gi). Chs.', s.Chs.'
[L Spots and blotches of several colours and figures,
Harvey On Consuiiiptions (Johnson).]
BLOTEN, pp. Chs. Also written bloaten Chs.'"
[blotan.] Excessively fond of. Also in co>iip. Bloten-
fond. See Globed to.
Chs. Ray (1691); The child is bloten of her, Grose (1790 ;
Bailey (1721) ; Cole (1677) ; i,P.R.) ; Chs.'^a
BLOTHER, see Blather.
BLOTS, sb. pi. Sh.I. [blots.] Water prepared for
washing clothes ; dirty water, soapsuds.
Sh.I. Shu taks a tub o soapy blots, Bl'RGESS Rasiiiie (1892! 52 ;
{Coll. L.L.B.) ; Clothes are gen. washed in three waters, the first,
second, and third blots (K.I.). S. & Ork.'
[Cogn. w. ON. bloli, a thaw, melting ; cp. bleyta, to soak,
moisten.]
BLOT-SHEET, ,<;/;. Sc. [blot-JIt.] Blotting-paper.
Per. Far commoner than ' blotting-paper' (GW.). Ayr.. Lnk.
(J.F.) Lth, My memory is like a lot o' sheets o' blotsheets, or
' blottin'-paper,' as they call it now-a-days, Strathesk More
BitsdBS-,) 5.
BLOU, see Blow.
BLOUNCING BESS, sb. Cor.^ The plant Valerian,
Valeriana officinalis.
BLOUND,//.. Bdf [bleund.] Blinded.
Bdf. Batciielor Anal. Eiig. I.aiig. (1809; 126.
[Blound, pp. oi blind, after the analogy of boiiitd, pp. of
bind.]
BLOUNDERS, see Blaunders.
BLOUSE,.';/).'//. Hrf.^ The pollen of grass.
[Rcpr. lit. E. blows, pi. of b/ow, a display of blossoms,
fr. A/o;i' (OE. bloivan).]
BLOUSE, .s7).= //. I Irf* The mites in old cider.
[Repr. lit. E. bloivs, the eggs of flesh-flies or other
insects, fr. blow (OE. bUnvan).]
BLOUST, V. and sb. Sc.
1. V. To brag, boast. Rxb., Bwk. (Jam.)
2. sb. An ostcntatiousaccount of one'sown doings, abrag.
Sc. Is't to pump a fool ye meddle Wi' a' this bloust o' straining
widdlc, A. Scott Poems (1805I 131.
[Prob. cogn. w. lit. E. bluster.]
BLOUSY, sb. Yks. Written blowsey w.Yks.= A
blouse, a white cotton coat. Cf. blouze.
w.Yks. Lucas Slud. Niddcrdale (c. 1882) ; Fra a blowsey, up tov
a surtoot, Blackah Poems (,1867) 35 ; w.Yks.^ In gcii. use for
summer wear,
[A der. o( blouse, Fr. blouse, the loose upper garment of
the French workman.]
R r 2
BLOUT
[308]
BLOW
BLOUT, sb. and v. Sc. Also written blowt (Jam.).
1. sb. A sudden eruption of a liquid substance, accom-
panied with noise (Jam.).
2. The sudden breaking of a storm ; a sudden fall of rain,
snow, &c., accompanied with wind.
Sc. A blout of foul weather. Vernal win's, wi' bitter blout. Out
owre our chimlas blaw, Tarras Poems (1804! 63 (Jam.).
3. pi. The noise made by liquids boiling over a hot fire ;
water ejected from fiercely boiling water. Also i'oul
water thrown from washing-tubs, &c.
w.Sc. Keep your blouts for your ain kail-yard ("Jam. Siippl.).
4. V. Of liquids : to belch or rush out with force.
w.Sc. The bung bowtit out, and the yill blowtit after 't (Jam.
Suppl.).
Hence (i) Blouter, sb. a blast of wind ; (2) Bloutering,
vhl. sb. boasting, bragging.
(i) Sc. (Jam.) (2I Slk. Cacklin about Coleridge, or blouterin
about Byron, Chr. North Nodes (ed. 1856) III. 192.
BLOUZE, see Blowze.
BLOUZED,//. e.An.i* [bleu-zd.] Of plants: hindered
by overlapping one another.
BLOVER, s6. Dor. [Not known to our correspondents.]
The black pollack.
Dor. w.Gazette (Feb. 15, 1889) 6, col. 7.
BLOVERS, sb. pi. Dev.^ Jelly-fish.
BLOW,s6.» Sc. Nhb. Yks. Shr. Hrf. Dev. Cor. Written
blaa Nhb.» ; blaw Sc. n.Yks.*; blyave Bnff.^ [bla, bl9,
bl93.]
1. A current of air, a blast, gust.
Sc. She ^vechts the corn aneut the blaw, Tarras Poems (1804)
67 (Jam.). Per. Life'sraging storm Wi' keen and eerie blaw, Nicoll
Pueiiis (1837) 257, ed. 1843. Lnk. Winter's win' comes frae tlie
north Wi' bitter blaw, Thomson Musings {1881) 49. n.Yks.^ Out
at all weathers, rain, snaw, or blaw. Hrf.^ A cold blauw.
2. Breath.
Nhb.i Get yor blaa. n.Yks. (W.H.)
3. A smoke of tobacco.
n.Sc. A took a blaw o' ma pipe t'hoat ma moo (W.G.). Per.
Come o'er by an' get a blaw o' the cutty wi's (G.W. 1. Lth. She
. . . lichtin her cutty, sat doun for a blaw, Smith Meny Bridal (1866)
114. Gall. Gie us a blaw o' your pipe (A.W.).
4. A bladder, used to carry yeast, &c.
Dev. u.Times (Mar. la, 1886; 6, col. 4 ; Dev.^ ; Dev.^ Mind yii
keep the blows ready til put the mort in. Cor, Common (M. A.C.);
Cor.2 MS. add.
Hence Blower, sb. a bladder.
Dev. Blowers of mort [lard], N. & Q. (1883) 6th S. vii. 27.
5. An upheaval in the centre of a colliery way, caused
by the pressure of the earth on either side.
w.Yks. They'd a blow in the way an' hed ta work o' nect ta
straighten it up (B.K.) ; (S.J.C.)
6. Fig. A boast, bravado ; a falsehood told from ostenta-
tion ; one who boasts or brags.
Sc. Bonaparte, loud vaunting smart, It was a fearfu' blaw that, A.
Scott Pof»is( 1 805) 187; Donald thinks fora' theirblawThat hewill
fend, Har'sl Rig (1801) st. 22. n.Sc. He tells greit blaws (Jam ) ;
Ye needna begin wi ony o' yer blaws ; we a' ken faht ye are.
J ist baud yer tung, man, a' boddie kens it that's a great blaw ( W.G. }.
Bnff.' Per. They're nae worth makin' a blaw aboot (G.W. ).
7. //. Afiairs, things to be done, in phr./iill 0/ blows.
Shr.i I canna-d-aw'iie to fettle that this mornin , I'm full o'
blows.
BLOW, v.^ Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also
written blaa Nhb.' e.Yks.'; blaw Sc. N.Cy.' n.Lin.' Nhp.''
Cor.' 2; blyave Bnff.'
1. To breathe, to take breath.
Ayr. Thou never lap, and sten't an' breastit. Then stood to blaw,
Burns To Auld Mare (1786) st. 14. n.Yks. A'v run till a can
hardly bio. That animal bloes hard (W.H.). n.Lin.' You've
ridden middlin' hard or yer herse wo'dn't blaw like that.
Hence (i) Blawed, (2) Blown, /■/>. out of breath.
(i Cor.2 (aj War.3 I can't go on playing — I'm blown. Dor.
I'm blown too. It was all up hill, Maudv Jude (1896) pt. i. viii.
2. Of wind instruments : to play, sound.
n.Lin.' Dor. The band did blow an beat aloud, Barnes Poems
(1863) 5. w.Som.i Fiddles and drums are played, but flutes,
trombones, &c., are always bloa'd. A man told rac his bridh ur
Bceul kn bloa' dhu fluet kaapikul.
3. To cry aloud. Nhp.'^
4. To smoke, esp. lo hloiv tobacco.
Sc. I'll blaw awa an' sit mum, Lumsden Sheep-Head, 267. BnfT.,
Abd. (W.G.) Per. (G.W.) Wm. We'll blow; a bit o' bacca, lads
(B.K.). w.Yks. His bacca he did blah, Twisleton ' Bacca Smookitt'
(1867).
5. To dry fish in the open air without salt. S. & Ork.'
Hence (i) Blown. cod, a split cod half dried ; (2) -fish,
fish dried by exposure to the wind; (3) -herring, a herring
slightly cured for speedy consumption ; (4) -meat, flesh
or fish dried by the wind ; (5) -skate, skate dried without
salt by pressure and exposure to the wind ; (6) Blowty,
a house where bloaters are cured.
(i) Ags. (Jam.) (2) S. & Ork.' (3) e.An.' Blown fish are
smoked but once. On some parts of our coasts a blown-herring
is called a tow-bowen. Suf.' (4) Sh.I. (Jam. ) (5) Bnff.' Bnff.,
Abd. Wegot blawn skate on a plate wi tatiest'wir dainner(W.G.).
(6) Suf. Now seldom heard (F.H.).
6. To smelt iron in a cupola furnace.
w.Yks. We'se be blawing to-morn (,S K.C.).
Hence (i) Blowing-house, sb. a place for melting tin,
so called from the fire perpetually kept up by a large
bellowsturnedby a water-wheel; (2) — tin, si. the melting
of ore in the blowing-house ; (3) -out-shot, sb. a shot
which has blown out the stemming without removing the
coal or stone.
(I, 2) Cor.2 (3) Nhb.' Nhb., Dur. Nicholson Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
7. In winnowing : to remove seeds or dust remaining in
the corn by subjecting it to the action of the fan only, as
it passes through the machine. nw.Dev.'
Hence Blower, sb. a winnowing machine.
n.Lin. N. & Q. (1852) ist S. v. 375 ; n.Lin.'
8. To swell, puff up, explode, burst ; also fig. to puff up,
flatter, to fill one's mind with groundless hopes. Gen.
foil, by tip.
Sc. I blew him up sae, that he believed everything I said. Ye
first burn me, and then blaw me, Prov, (Jam.) n.Sc. She blew
hcrsel up wi' the thocht it Tarn wiz gyain t'mairry 'er at the Term
(W.G.). Per. Dinna blaw up the laddie wi' yer fine promises
(G.W.). Lin. The sluice 'blew up 'and the Ouse once more became
tidal, Miller & Skertchly Feiiland (1878) vii. n.Lin.' His
eyelid was tang'd wi' a beii an' was that blawd-up it was a regular
sight. The barrier-bank hes blawed-up at Gainsb'r. Nhp,' I've
eaten nuts till I'm quite blowed up.
Hence (1) Blawing, vbl. si. a windy tumour or swelling;
(2) Blawn, sb. a pimple after a gnat-bite, a blain.
(i)Wm. (K.) (2)Ken. (W.F.S.)
8. Of cattle, sheep, &c. : to swell out after eating too much
green food.
n.Yks. Yon coo is sadly bloan up, sha can hardly git her wind
(W.H.). n.Lin.' His steers got among red-cloaver, one on 'em
was that blawd-up 'at it deed. Suf. (C.T.), Wil.'
Hence (i) Blowed, (2) Blown, pp. distended, overfed.
(i) OxF.', Brks.' n.Wil. Them ship uU shower to get blowed
in thuc grass, 'tis so froom (E.H.G.). Cor.= (2) Ken. (_P.M.)
10. Of flies or insects: to deposit eggs, breed; to render
putrid. In gen. use.
Chs.' n.Lin.' Meat's that blawd it isn't fit fer Chrisfans. Lon.
slang. When each fly has blown, there'll be some millions, Mayhew
Loud, Labour (1851) III. 32.
Hence (i) Blown, adj. putrid, filled with flies; (2)
Blown-meat, sb. meat impregnated with the eggs of flies.
(i) Wm. T'mcat was blown (B.K.). w.Yks. Any article which
is deceptive in appearance is often termed 'flea-blown' (J.T.).
War.^ Lon. Meat kept, whether cooked or uncooked, until
' blown,' Mayhew io/irf. Labour{i8^i) II. 132. (2) Nhb.i,w.Yks.'5,
Nhp.'
11. Fig. To scold, rate, rebuke ; to fly into a passion ;
also used with prep, off or into.
Bnff.' He wiz jist blyavin' agehn, fin he cam in, an' saw fou ill
the wark hid been deen. w.Yks. Shoo began blowing into him i'
fine style. Hartley Ditties (c. 1873) 114 ; T'gaftcrs bin blovvin off
a bit abaht yon piece (B.K.). Chs.' Schoo-mester blowed 'em for
bcin raind th' stove. s.Not. Ah did blow 'im, an' well 'e deaarved
it (J.P.K.).
12. To divulge, spread abroad, betray.
Sc. I will blow her ladyship's conduct in the business, Scott 5/.
Rona>i (1824) xxii. Ir. There's no ncedcessity for blowin' it
BLOW
[309]
BLOWER
about to everyone I meet, Carleton Fatdorouglia (t8^8 i ii. Nhb.
(R.O.H ) Nhp.' I told him not to tell, but lie blowcd me directly.
Slang. If I blow on liim he'll be put in cliokey, Haggard Col.
QiiariUh (i888) II. iii.
13. To boast, brag.
Abd. The grieve's aye blavvin', Alexanpkr /o/ihhv Gihb (1871)
xi. Per. Ye blew aboot that troot lor the hale winter, Ian
Maclaren Aulii Lang Sync (1895) 143. Ayr. He brags and he
blaws o' his siller, Burns Tani G/m, st. 3. Lnk. Blaws away
aboot hisel' like a hundcr' o' pipers, Fraser JVIiaiips (1895) xiii.
Kcb. He blaw'd o' his sheep, Armstrong Inghside (1890) 156.
n.Cy. Border Gt. {Coll. L. L. 13.) Nhb. The Tweed he may brag o' his
sawmon. An' blaw of his whitlins the Till, Coqiutilah Sngs. U852)
84. Yks. (C.C.R.) [Aus., N.S.W. I don't want to blow, but it
takes a good man to put me on my back, Boldrewood Robbeiy
(1888) I. i.]
Hence (i) Blower, sb.a. boaster, one given to exaggera-
tion ; (2) Blowing, (a) ppl. adj. boasting, bragging; (6)
vbl. sb. flattery, boasting.
( i) Bnff.' [Aus. The biggest blower in the district ... he'll beat
even my stories into fits, Praed Romance oj Station (1892) II. v.]
(2) Sc. Ye have ever loved to hear the blawing blazing stories,
Scott Redg. (1824) Lett. ix. n.Sc. He's a muckle blawin chiel ; ye
canna trust a word he says (W.G.). Bnfl.' (3) Bnff.i He's been
awa in America, an' he bauds a sair blyavan aboot fat he did fin
he wiz there. Per. Ye 'ill bring a judgement on the laddie wi' yir
blawing, Ian Maclaren Brier Bush (1895) 32.
14. To ' huft' in tlie game of draughts ; to defeat, beat.
Sc. (Jam.1, Bnff. (W.G.) Abd. ' I'll blaw you gin ye dinna
tak.' Blowing on the piece after lifting it from the board is a
symbolical action, indicating that the piece is out of play (G.W.).
Hrt. I'll try and mend it, but I expect I shall be blowed (G.H.G.).
15. To disappoint. ne.Lan.'
16. To fish.
ne.Lan.i, Wor. (J.R.W.)
17. Couip. (i) Blow-away, (2) -ball, the seed-head of
a dandelion, Leontodon taraxacum ; (3) -bellows or bailies,
a pair of bellows ; (4) -bleb, a bubble, esp. a soap-bubble ;
(5) -boat, a dredger, worked by five or six men,
used at Sandwich ; (6) -coal, a sheet of tin placed before
the fire to cause a draught ; (7) -fly, the bluebottle,
Miisca voinitorius ; (8) -maunger, obs., a fat, full-faced
person ; (9) -pipe, a child's toy for blowing arrows or
peas, made of the stalk of hemlock; (10) -poke, a fat
pursy fellow, one who assumes an air of great im-
portance; (11) -tin, see -coal; (12) -up, a quarrel; (13)
-well, (a) a natural spring or well in the bed or foreshore
of a river; (/;) an intermittent spring; (c) a place in
boggy land where marsh gas rises up to the surface in
bubbles.
(r) s.Not. (J.P.K.) (a) w.Yks." (3) s.Chs.i Bloa--baaliz or
bloa-belis. Stf.^, ne.Wor. (J.W.P.) Slir.' 'As any one sid the
blow-bellys? I canna get this fire to tind ; Shr.'' (4) e.Yks.' (5'i
Ken. (P.M.) f6' Dev. Ef thcase grate smawk'th like this us must
'a' a blawcawl made avor winter, Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892). (7)
Chs.', Lei.', Nhp.', War.^, Hnt. (T.P.F.) (8) n.Dev. Ya blow-
maungcr Ba-arge, Exnt. Scold. (1746) 1. 200. Dev.' In the nc. only.
(9) n.Lin.' (10) Lan.' (11) w.Yks. Put t'blow-tin up afooar
t'fire, can't ta ? (B.K.I (12) n.Lin.' Him an' her hes hed a
straange blaw-up. Let' Nhp.' They had quite a blow-up. War.^
There's bin a regular blow-up between 'em. (13) Lin. N. & O.
(1854) ist S. X. 208. n.Lin.' From the treacherous and boggy
nature of the soil and the many concealed blow-wells, Cordeaux
Birds of Htimbcr, 61.
18. In phr. (t) to blow a coal, to make mischief or sow
dissension between neighbours ; (2) — his bac;s out, to
fill or distend the stomach with food; (3) — )iis kite, to
fill his belly ; (4) — the horns off the kye, said of a cold
and stormy day ; (5) — the river, to dredge ; (6) -tiiy-luff,
a ' flcechin,' noisy fellow ; (7) — in my tuq, (a) to cajole,
flatter; (4) a flatterer, flattery ; (8) — rfozc/;, to bring down
coal or stone with gunpowder ; (9) — low, to keep quiet,
avoid boasting; (10) — o«, to speak ill of ; to start work
by the blowing of a whistle; (11) — over, to collapse;
(12) — up, (a) of the wind, to increase in force; (6) the
call to workmen to resume work ; (13) -iiiff up the piper
with false music, see below ; (14) -ingfor burns, breathing
into a wound with the accompaniment of a form of
words; (15) to go further than he can blow, to perform
impossibilities ; (16) -ing garss, the blue mountain-grass ;
Melica caerulea ; (17) blown apples, apples blown from the
tree before they are ripe; (18) blown fruit, fruit blown
down by the wind; (19) blown drink, the remainder of
drink left in a glass of wliich one or more have been par-
taking ; (201 />Ani';(-?(/>, bankrupt.
(i) Dev.' 'Twas'n for want of a good will the nasty litter leg-
trapes had'n a blow'd a coal betwcxtyou an me. Bet, 7. (2) e.Yks.'
(3) w.Yks. (S. K.C.) (4) Ant. A tell you that's a day wud blaw
the horns afif the kye, ZJ<i//v"'C"« Ois. (1892). (5) Ken. (P.M. 1 \6)
Nhb.' (7, o)Sc. (Jam.) ; Dinna blaw in folks' lugs that gale, Scott
Redg. (1824) Lett. xii. (6) Sc. Ye are a fine blaw-in-my-lug to
think to cuitle me olf sae cleverly, Scott St. Ronan (18241 ii.
Rxb. (Jam.) ^8) Nhb.' (9) Slk. Blaw lown, Dan ; ye dinna ken
wha may hear ye, Hogg Perils oJ Man (1822) III. 3 (Jam.). Cum.
(M.P.); Cum.' (10) w.Yks. (B.K.) n.Lin' Her character hes
been blawd on high an' low. (11) n.Yks.' My umbrella blew
ower, an' was spoiled (I.W.). (12, a) w.Som.' T-1 bloa' aup
umbaay aay rak-n [it (the wind) will rise by and by, I think].
nw.Dev.' (A) w.Yks. - B.K.), Glo.' (13) s.Ir. When he [the
piper] got too drunk to play any more, he was treated as a corpse ;
. . . they put the drone of his pipe into his mouth, and blew wiih the
bellows till he was bloated, Baurington Sketches 1 1827-32, I. vi.
(14) Dur. Flk-Lore Jrn. (1883 1. 91. (15^ Cor.' A man c.ian't
go farther than he can blaw. (16) Lnk. (Jam.) (17) 'Wm. Blown
apples is cheap just noo (B.K.I. (18 Cum.' (19) Sc. (Jam.)
[(20) He's blown up, Kay Prov. (1678,1 89.]
BLOW, ii.* and v.^ \n gen. dial, use in Sc. and Eng.
Also written blaw Sc. Yks. n.Lin.' ; bloo Lei.' ; blouShr.^
Glo. Oxf.'
1. sb. A bud, blossom ; bloom.
Ayr. When flowers are i' the blaw, Picken Poems (1788) 146
(Jam.). Dur.' ne.Yks.' There's a good leeak on o' blaw ti year.
e.Yks.' MS. add. (T.H.) Lan. His foliage is i' full blow o th' yer
raond, Accrington Obs. (Feb. 2, 1895) 3, col. 7. s.Stf. Nothin'
better nor tay made from camomile blows (T.P.). Not. (L.C.M.)
sw.Lin.' Yon tree was white with blow. Lei.' Yo nivver see a
snoch a bloo o' rooses. Nhp.'*, War.'* w.Wor.i That ah-dhern
[hawthorn] tree anenst the owd barn is in blaow most beautiful.
s.Wor.', se.Wor.' Shr.' The bread dona keep w'ile the corn's i'
the blow ; Shr.* Glo. All the flowers be out in blou .S.S.B.'); Glo.',
Oxf.' Hrf. The frost, if it does not come on suddenly while the
blow on the trees is moist, does no harm, Marshall Rcvietv (i8t8)
II. 289 ; Hrf.l* e.An.' Nrf. I sa [see] the whate [wheat] is on
blow already (W.R.E.) ; Nrf.' Suf.' ' Six pound of blows to ten
gallons of water ' is the receipt for cowslip or peagle wine. Hmp.*
It's a very good blow this year. w.Som.' Cor. I found a dog
violet in full blow (M.A.C.).
2. Fiq. Health, condition.
Wm.' (B K.) n.Yks. (T.S.) w.Yks. He's in rare blow (J.T.).
3. V. To blossom, to come into flower or leaf. Also
used fig. to flourish, be in good health.
Ayr. Where wild in the woodlands the primroses blow. Burns
A/ton Water, St. 4 ; The flower it blaws, it fades, it fa's, ih. Polly
Stewart. Wm. T'trees ero blown noo. T'roses cro blown (B.K. ).
n.Yks. Bud it's nipt oft' te bio' aboon, Tweddell Clevel. Rhymes
(1875132. w.Yks. 'How's ta blowing on ?' is a common mode of
salutation (J.T.). Lin. The flower as blaws, Tennyson TV. Fanner,
New Style (1870) St. 4. n.Lin.' Shr.' The 'edges bin bcginnin'
to blovi' ; Shr.* When the pase bin blowed. Glo. (A.B.), Oxf.'
n.Wil. These 'ere roses don't never blow (E.H.G.). w.Som.'
Dev. Yer's tQ thee, old apple-tree. Be zure yO bud, be zure yU
blaw [sung when wassailing ihe apple-trees on old Christmas Eve],
Heweit Peas. Sp. (1892) 26.
4. At Winchester School : to blush.
Slang. (A. U.H.I ; Smadwell ll'yte. S/oh^ (1859-1864') ; Cope
Gl. [Grose 1,1790) MS. add. (H.)J
5. Of soil : to produce (?).
Suf. They mix crag either with dung, earth, or ouzc, thinking
that it makes the light sands blow more. Young Annals Agric.
(1784-1815) ; A great deal [of soil] under the plough blows, and
conso<iucntly ranks among the worst of all soils, ib. Agrie.
(.'794' 5-
BLO'WER, si!'. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Stf. A violent dis-
charge of gas from a fissure or orifice in a pit.
N.Cy.'. Nhb.' Nhb., Dur. Blue melal with a blower of gas.
Borings (1881) II. 192. n.Yks. (J.J.B.), n.Stf. (J.T.)
BLOWEY
[310]
BLUBBER
BLOWEY, sb. Obs. Nhb. An iron bloomer; pro-
bably the owner of a blooniery, not a forge.
Nhb.' To Blowcys, of Newc, for a ton of Spanish iron, £5 6s. 8rf.
(under dale 15161, Welford Hist. Ncivc. 49.
BLOWINGS, sA. //. War. Hmp.Wil. Dor.Som. Also
in form blooens Wil.^ Dor.'; bluens Wil.'; blow on
War. Blossom.
War. iJ7i(7i» Jf'Wv.Pos? (June 10, 1893). Hmp.l Wil. Britton
lit'autii's (1825^; Tliey blewins be main vine to-year (W-CP.") ;
Wil.i Dor. Barnes Gl. (1863). Som. Sweetman JViiicanton Gl.
(i88sV
BLOW(N-MILK, sb. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Lin. Also in
form blawn- N.C3'.* ; blaan- Nhb.'
1. Skimmed milk ; milk from which the cream has been
taken or blown.
n.Cy. (K.); N.Cy.'^, Nhb.' Cum. Blown milk and poddish '11 suit
the' as vveel, GwoRDiE Greenup ^-^ii^^/rfc;- Zj(^/r/M 1873) 13. Wm.
Tile milk after being taken from tlie cows is put into bowls and the
cream allowed to form ; to get this into the ' cream-pot ' the bowl
is slightly tilted, and if the cream docs not run off very freely it is
assisted by blowing at it (B.K.). Lin. Thompson Hist. Boston
(1 8561 700.
2. Milk slightly soured by the air ; winded. N.Cy.'
BLOWNS, int. Lin. An exclamation of surprise.
(J.C.W.) [Not known to our other correspondents.]
BLOW OUT, phr. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Lan. Lin.
and in i^c;/. colloq. use. Written blaa-oot Nhb.'; blaw-
oot Bnff.' e.Yks.' n.Lin.'
1. A plentiful meal ; a drinking-bout.
Fif. I suppose ye wanted to hae a blaw-oot on Handsel-Monday ?
Robertson Provost (1894") 95. Nhb.' A man drank two quarts of
beer at a public-house, and observed, ' That's good beer, mistor ;
when aa come back, aa'U hev a reg'lar blaa-oot.' 'A grand blaw oot
wi' Grundy's yell,' Wilson Pitman's Pay (1843) 56. Wm. We'd
a good blow-oot (B.K.). e.Yks.' w.Yks. Tha con get a furst
rate blow aat for a shillin'. Hartley Budget (1871) 131 ; A reight
dahn gooid blaw aht, Yks. Wkly. Post (May 2, 1896I. Lan. They'n
had a rare blow out at little cost. Barlow A^. Doherty (1884) 36;
They wud both have a gradely good blow eawt, Wood Hum.
Sketches, 15. n.Lin. 1
2. A great display, a festival.
Bn£f.' They ga' thir dothir a great blaw-oot o' a widdin'. s. Wxf.
The weddin' went on ; an', maybe that wasn't the grand blow
out, M'Call Humour (1894') 402.
BLOWSING, ybl. sb. Cor. [blau'zin.] Pilchard
fishing, working in seine boats.
Cor.' ; Cor.2 MS. arid.
Hence Elowser, sb. one who assists in dragging the
seine-nets into shallow water in pilchard fishing.
Cor. Paris Mount's Bav (1824) 152; Cor.' ^
BLOWT, see Blout.
BLOWTEN, adj. Obs. ? n.Yks.^ Blighted as a tree.
BLOWTH, sb. War. (?) Glo. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor.
Also written blooth Wil.' Dor.' Dev.' Cor.'^; blowthe
GI0.2 ; bluth Glo. Dev. [b\n\>, w.Som. Uq3\>.]
1. Bloom, blossom. Also usedy?.;^.
War. (J.R.W.) Glo. (S.S.B.) ; The orchards were i' the
blowthe, GissiNG Vill. Hampden 1 1880) III. i; Glo.'2, Wil.'
Dor. The vines out in blooth do smell sweet, Barnes Sn^. Sol.
(1859) ii. 13 ; A few boys and maidens have busted into blooth.
Hardy Tower (ed. 1895) 327 ; Dor.' An' blooth did kern in apple-
trees, 66. Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.' Dh-aapl trees bee
veo'l u bloa'udh dee yuur [the apple-trees arc full of bloom this
year]. Dev. The apple-blooth is biitivul thease spring, Hevvett
Peas. S/>. (1892V n.Dev. Hur zmell'th ta me like elder-blooth,
Rock Jim an' Nell{i86-i) St. 63. e.Dev. Let's zee if th' vaine git'tli
on, if th' blowth hev akern'd, Pulman Sng. Sol. (i860) vii. 12.
Dev.' Her look'd as cherry as a crap of fresh apple blooth. 6.
nw.Dev.' Cor.' There's nothing prettier than the apple blowth ;
Cor.= 3
2. Coiiip. Blowth-pecker, the tomtit. nw.Dev.'
|1. Ambition and covetousness being but green, and
newly grown up, the seeds and effects were as yet but
potential, and m the blowth and bud, Raleigh Hist.
IVorld ( Johnson).]
BLO'WTHIR.tAandsi. Sc. Irel. Inform blootherN.L'
]. V. Of large bodies : to plunge with great force.
Bnff.' The hail face 0' the craiggeed bllowthirin'down in'othe sea.
Hence (i) Blowthiran, vbl. sb. the act of plunging; (2)
Blowthirin", //>/. adj. blundering, stupid.
(i) Bnff.' Thir's been a gey bllowthiran' fin the rocks wir haivt
up. (2) ib. He's a bllowtherin' blunk o' a cheel, that.
2. sb. The plunge of a large body, a blow ; fig. a big,
stupid person, a clumsy rustic.
Bntr.', N.L' Ldd. Occas. used (A.J.L).
3. A sudden gust of wind ; exposure to a storm. Hence
Blowthirin', adj. stormy, gusty. Bnff'.'
BLOWY, adj Sc. Chs. Stf. Of the wind : blustering,
windy.
Frf. ' Very cauld,' said Sam'l. ' Blawy ,' assented Sanders, Barrie
LicM (1888) viii. Ltli. (Jam.) s.Chs.' It)s 0 bit- bloa-i dhiis
mau-rnin | it's a bit blowy this mornin']. Stf.^ Seiks aloiv, if it insr
bloui 9nuf tak top o yar yed of 1
BLOWZE, sZ>.' Nhb. Yks. Chs. Lei. Nhp. War. Nrf.
Suf Ken. Dev. Also written blauz w.Yl^s."*; blouse
Nhb.' w.Yks." Ken.' ; blouze War.^ e.An.' = Nrf.'
1. A fat, red-faced wench.
Nlib.' Ken. (K.) ; Kennett Pnr. ..^H^/y. (1695) ; Ken.' n.Dev.
Ya gurt dugged-teal'd, swapping, rousling blowze, E.xm. Scold.
(1778) 1. 16.
2. A coarse, untidy woman, with dishevelled hair ;
a wild girl, a hoyden.
Yks. Thoresby Lett. (1703). w.Yks.*, s.Chs.', Lei.', Nhp.',
War. 3, e.An.', Nrf.', Suf. (F.H.), Dev.'
[1. Sweet blowse, you are a beauteous blossom, sure,
Shaks. Titus A. IV. ii. 72. 2. I had rather marry a fair
one, and put it to hazard, than be troubled with a
blowze, Burton Anat. Mel. (1621) in. iii, ed. 1836, 656;
Gillet, his blouse, is a milking thy cow, Tusser Htisb.
(1580) 43.]
BLOWZE, ,si.= and v. Nhp. e.An. Ken. Hmp. Also
written blouse Ken.'
1. sb. A state of heat, which brings high colour to the
face ; esp. in phr. all of a blowse, red in the face and un-
tidy from exertion and heat.
Nhp.', e.An.' 2, Ken. (P.M.), ne.Ken. (H.M.), Ken.' Hmp.
HOLLOWAY.
2. V. To sweat, to perspire profusely.
Ken.' An dare we strain d an stared an bloused. And tried to
get away. Masters Dick and Sal (c. 1821 ) st. 71.
Hence Blowsing, />//. adj. high-coloured, red; applied
to the colour caused by exertion and heat.
Ken. (P.M.); (K. ) ; Ken.' A Mousing colour.
BLOWZE, sb.^ e.An. A woman's bonnet, esp. that
kind called a ' slouch.' Cf blousy.
e.An.' I will just slip on my blouze, and go with you directly.
Nrf.'
BLOWZIN, pp. e.An. [blau'zin.] Blooming, flowering.
e.An.' Flowers comin' on a blovvzin'. Ess. Still used (H.H.M.).
BLOWZY, adj. Nhb. Lan. Not. Lei. Nhp. War. Brks.
Hrt. e.An. Dev. Also written bleawsy Lan.; blousy
N.Cy.' Nhb.' Hrt.; blowsy N.Cy.' Nhp.' War.'^ Red-
faced, untidy, dishevelled, slovenly.
N.Cy.', Nhb.i s.Lan. Bamford Dial. (1850). Not.', Lei.' Nhp.'
How blowsy your hair is. You'r quite a blowsy Bess. War.
B'hatn IVkly. Post (June 10, 1893); War.' = 3. Brks.', Hrt.
(H.G.\ e.An.' Dev.' Who shud come in but Joicejoland . . . and
Ruth Ramson, . . . way their blowzy faces as rid as roost-cocks, 8.
[Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.)]
BLUB, V. Sc. Yks. Not. Also written blob Sc.
[blub.] To cry, to weep.
Fif. Aye he blubbcrt and he blobbit. And ' Fare-ye-wcel ! ' aye
sich't and sobbit, Tennant Papistry (1827) 182. w.Yks. 2, Not.'
BLUBBER, sb. Yks. Lin. Sus. Cor. Also written
blobber Cor.' [blu'bafr), blB-b3(r).]
1. The sea-nettle. Also known as Sting-blubber. Cor.'*
2. Coiiip. (i) Blubber-finks, the fatty portions of the
whale after the extraction of the oil ; (2) -fish, a kind of
jelly-fish ; (3) -hunter, the jelly-fish ; (4) -lipped, having
thick lips.
(i)n.Yks.z (2)Sus.(F.E.S.) (3) n.Yks.2 We have heard their
abundance about herring-time attributed to a greasincss or oiliness
in the sea, owing to the enormous shoals of herrings on the coast;
but some doubt this. (4) n.Lin.'
BLUBBERED
L311]
BLUE
BLUBBERED,///. rt((^'. OAs. ? Sc. Nhb. Tear-stained,
disfigured by weeping.
Abd. I'licy were like to split their sides fan they saw how blub-
bered and droiikit the peer wary draggcls war fan they came in,
Forbes y»w. (1742) 17. Nhb. Their eyes . . . Now blubbered were
with pearled tears, Richardson Boideyer's TabU-bk. 11846) VI. 95.
BLUBBER GRASS, sb. Obs.1 e.An.^ Various
species of Broiuus, csp. Brniiuis mollis.
BI.VBBY, mlj. VVor. [blB-bi.j Over-fat.
s.Wor. He looks blubby and busty, and I think he's unhealthy
(H.K.^.
BLUCHER, sb. Slang. At Winchester School : a
college prefect in half-power, the ' bluchcr ' being prop.
a half-boot.
Slang. (A.D.H.~); Shadwell Il'rk,'. S/rjH^ (1859-1864).
BLUE, sb. Yks. Gnig. Suf Som. Dev. Slang.
1. A blue earthenware jug or mug for holding beer.
Gnig. A ' blue ' of ale holds a little less than a pint or a quart.
In common use among miners. [Its use was made illegal in 1890],
N. & Q. (1891) 7th S. xi. 74-5.
2. Ale.
Som. Grose (1790). [Not known to our correspondents.]
3. The bloom on fruit.
Som., Dev. The bucolic ear cannot distinguish ' blue ' from ' bloo '
(the worn form of ' blooth ' or ' blowth,' q.v.). Hence, the name ot
the colour being well known, and also describing well the bloom
on fruit, it has become the common word for the latter (,F.T.E.).
Dev.i The blue of the plum be a go zure, 6.
4. In pi. mildew or blight upon vegetables.
Suf. Applied to such as stops the growth and discolours the
leaves of cabbages \ F H.).
5. Indecent language ; called also Brown.
w.Yks. (J.T.'l Slang. Slmiduid (Oct. 10, 1889) 2, col. i.
[5. Prob. due to Fr. influence. Cp. bibliotheque bleue,
collection de petits livres a couverture bleue renfermant
des ronians ; conies bleits, contes d'enfants (HatzkeldJ.]
BLUE, tu/J. Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
1. Of a dark or livid colour.
sw.Lin.' A blue pony, a blue pig. Lei. Blue cows (G.H.G.).
2. Of tlie weather : chill, frosty.
Rxb. A blue day i Jam.).
3. Of milk: skimmed.
Dur.i Blue-milk cheese. Wm.' Yks. Thoresby Le/I. (1703).
nYks. (I.W.) ; n.Yks.' e. Yks. Marshall Riii: Econ. (17881;
e.Yks.i Also called Old milk. w.Yks.»2''5^ Lan. (M.B.), e.Lan.',
Not. (J. H. 13) n Lin.' Blue milk cheese. Nlip.' Also called sky-
blue. Hnt. (T.P.K.) w.Som.' Mot d'em zend zich stutV-s this
here vor ? why, tidn no othcrways-n bluomilk. Blue* miilk
chee'z is poor cheese made of blue milk.
4. Comb, (i) Blue bend, a kind of leather used in
'grathing' buckets; cf bend-leather; (2) — Billy, gas-
lime; iron residue left as a waste product in copper
works ; refuse from caustic soda ; (3) -blanket, the
banner of the craftsmen in Edinburgh ; (4) — blind ake,
wolfram, Spiiiiia lupi; (5) -bore, a rift in the clouds; (6)
•clunch, strata in the Lightmoor Winscy pit ; (7) -cow,
a pump ; (8) -fade, a blue mould in cheese ; (9) -flats, an
iron.stone ; (lo) -flint, whinstone or basalt; (11) — John,
fluor spar; (12) -lit, blue dj'e, indigo; (13) -metal, argil-
laceous shale ; (14) -mould, of cheese : mouldy ; (15)
-mouse, a beadsman of Durham Cathedral ; (16) -roaned.
of cows: blue-black and white ; (17) -sickness, a kind of
rot in sheep ; (18) -spald, a disease in cattle; sec Black-
spaul : ( 191 -stone, sulphate of copper ; see also below.
\\ Nhb., Dur. Nicholson Cval Tr. CI. (188B). (2) Nhb. An
important product of the treatment of cupreous pyrites for the
extraction of its copper is the residual purple ore or * blue billy,'
Bril. Assoc. Guide (1889) 126; Nhb.' Lan. Refuse in the manu-
facture of caustic soda is used in the formation of floors in brick-
slieds. After being softened by water to the consistency of stilT
mortar it is laiti on the floor two or three inches in thickness and
sets hard like cement (S.W.). lUid. Just above Enfield Lock I saw
a barge unloading a cargo of gas lime, or blue billy, as it is
locally called, Fisliiiig Gas. (Dec. 13, 1890) 334. (3) Edb. This
flag [granted by James 111], at present denominated the Blue
Blanket, is kept by the Convener of the Trades, MaitlaNd //;*/.
£■</(«, (,1753^ 9 Jam.); Still preserved (W.G.); (J,M.) (4) Cum.
[So] called by our miners, Hutchinson Hist. Cum. (1797, I. App.
52. (s) Sc. If chance the pack'd clouds in their flight open a blue-
bore in the sky, Drummond Muckomachy (1846) 42. (61 Shr.
Marshall Revictv (1818) II. 199. [ K.)] (71 e.Yks.i fS) s.Chs.'
' Fade ' is not heard alone. (9) Shr.' ;,io) n.Yks,' The local name
for the whinstone or basalt derived from the basaltic dike which
runs across the N. Riding fromoutof Dur. (ii)Wni.' Der. Blue-
John stood like his native rocks, Furness AUdinis ^I836) 3a;
Woodward Geol. Eug. and Wales (1876 86. (la) Sh-I. ,W. A.G.)
S. & Ork.' (13) Nhb.' (14) Ayr. Blue-mooled wi' age, Service
Nolatidums (1890) 68. Dev. Hewett Peas. Sp. (189a). (15)
Dur. Willey Walker, a well-known Durliam character, ... is a
beadsman of the cathedral ; or, as the impudent boys call a person
of his rank, from the dress he wears, a ' blue mouse,' Hone Table-
W. (1827) 11.409. (16) w.Yks. (F.P.T.) {ii) Sc. Annals Agric.
(1784-1815). (18) Sc. If the cattle will die of the blue-spald,
what can I help it ? — You can sprinkle them yourself for the evil eye,
Sa.xon and Gael {i&H) 1. 152 (Jam.). (19) Nhb.' Blue stone, a long
stone of granite placed on the e. footpath of the Old Tyne Bridge, to
mark the division between the Dur. and Nhb. portions of the
structure. w.Yks. (H.H.) ; (S.K.C.)
5. Comb, in plant-names: (i) Blue ash, Syrinffa vul-
garis; (2) -ball, Scabiosa stica'sa, devil's bit; (3) -bent,
Seslcria caeriilea, blue rock-grass ; (4) -berry, I acciiiiiiiii
myrtilliis, see Bilberry ; (5) -betsy, Vinca minor, lesser
periwinkle ; (6) -bin, a species of bindweed or convol-
vulus ; (7) — bird's eye, veronica clianiocdiys, speedwell ;
(8) -blaw, Ceiihutrca cyainis, cornflower ; (9) -bobs, (ti)
C. cyamts; (b) Scabiosa succisa; (lo) -bow, blosson\ing
flax; (ii) — camomile, Aster tripoliiim, Michaelmas
daisy; (12) — cat's tail, Echiiim viilgare, bugloss ; (13)
— cowslip, Pulmonaria aiigiislifolia ; (14) — daisy, (a)
Aster tripolium ; {b) Jasionemonlaiia, sheep's scabious ;
(15) -eyes, Veronica chamoedrys \ (16) — foxglove, Ca)ii-
paniila Irachelimn, great bellflower ; (17) -goggles, (18)
— gramfer greygles, Scilla nutans, wild hyacinth; (19)
-heads, Scabiosa succisa ; (20) -jacket, Poleinonium caeni-
leuin ; (21) -kiss, Scabiosa succisa ; (22) -legs, Agaricus
personatus; (23) -men, Scabiosa anvitsis, field scabious;
(24) -mony, Anemone Pulsatilla ; (25) — morgan, Canx
glauca, marsh-grass ; (26) -nosed barley, barley which
turns blue at one end of the grain before it is ripe; (27)
■rocket, (a) Aconitum napellus, monkshood ; (6) Scilla
nutans; {28) -runner, Nepeta glechoiita, ground-ivy; (29)
— tar-fitch, Vicia cracca, tufted vetch ; (30I -thistle,
Carduus lanceolatus; (31) -tops, (a) Centaurea nigra; {b)
Scabiosa succisa ; (32) — violet, (a) Centiana venia ;
{b) Viola sylvatica ; (33) -weed, Echium vulgare.
(i) Glo.i (2) Sus. (3) w.Yks. Lees Flora (1888) 477. (4) Ir.,
Cum. n.Yks. N. & Q. (1853) 1st S. vii. 231 ; ^l.W.) (5)
nw.Dev.l (6) Suf.' (7) Oxf., s.Bck., Sus. (8) Nhb.' (gHmp.
(W.M.E.F.) (10 N.I.' (n) Ken. (121 Hrt. (13) Hmp.', LW.
(14, a) Ken. (i) Chs, (15) Wil. Saruni Dioc. Gas. (Jan. 1890) 6;
Wil.', Dor. (G.E.D.) (16) Slir.' (17) Wil.' ^18) Dor. (19)
Shr.' (ao) Ant. (21) Sus. (2a) e.An. (23) n.Bck. (24) Rut.
(25) s.Pem. Laws Liltle Eng. (i888) 419. (26) n.Lin.' (,27) Ir.
(28) n.Bck. (29) Chs.' (30,31) Wor. (32,0) Dur. {b) Chs.,
Dev.< (33) Hrt. Ellis Mod. Hiisb. (1750) VI. iii.
6. Co;«i. in names of birds, &c. : (i) Blue-back, the field-
fare, Turdus pilaris ; (2) -bill, the scaup-duck, Futigula
marila; (3) -bird, (a) tlie fieldfare; {b) the kingfisher,
Alcedo ispida ; (4) -bonnet, the blue tit, Parus caeruleus ;
(5) -darr, the black tern, Hydrochclidon nigra; (6) -dickie,
the hedge-sparrow. Accentor modiilaris; (7) -dove, the
rock-dove, Columba livia; (8) -dunnock, see -dickie; (9)
-felt, see -back; (10) -fly, a bluebottle or flesh-fly; (ii)
•gill, see -bill ; (12) -gled, the hen harrier, Circus cyaneus,
(13) -grays, a cross between black Galloway cattle and
white shorthorns; (14I -jack, see -back; (15) -jay, the
jay, Garrulus glandarius; (]6) -kite, see -gled; (17I
-niaa, the common gull, Larus fuscus ; (18) -merlin, the
sparrow-hawk, .-/a//>//<'r ;ni;(A- ; (19) -mope, see -bonnet;
(20) -neb, the wigeon, Mareca penelope; (21) — oxeye, sec
■bonnet ; (22) -poll, a variety of salmon ; (23) -rock,
the wild pigeon, Columba oenas ; (24) -shells, the shell-
fish Lanthina fragilis ; (2^) -sleeves, see -gled ; {26)
-skitters, a large variety of jelly-fish ; (27) -sparrow, see
■dickie ; (28) -spick, see -bonnet ; (29) -tail, sec -back ;
BLUEBELL
[312]
BLUE HAWK
(30) Blue Tom, see -dickie; (31) -wing, (a) see -back ; (b)
an artificial fly; (32) -yaup, see -back.
(i) w.Yks. //^v. JlWs. l,an. SciciireGossip(i882) 164; (G.E.D.)
CUs.'^, Shr.^ (2) Cum. The fishermen hereabout call them
'dowkers' and ' bluebills," Watson Nature and IVJaa/t {i8go)
vii. (3, a) Dev. Swaikson Birds (1885) 5. Cor. Rood Birds
(1880)314; Cor.3 {b) a.lr. Science Gossip {iWz) ^l. (4) CId.
(Jam.), N.I.' w.Yks. Swainson, 33. mi.Wot. Borrow' s Jrn. [TAi^y.
3, 1888). Shr.' (5) Nrf. Cozens-Hardy Broad Nrf. (tags'! 49.
(61 Rnf. Swainson, 29. (7) n.Yks.iA. 168. {&)^.Y^s. Leeds Merc.
S/(/>/>/. (Nov. 7, 1891). (9 Ir. Swainson, 5. (10) Sc. (Jam.) (ii)
Nrf. Cozens-Hardy Broad Nif. (1893) 43. (12) Sc. Swainson,
132. Gall. [The head keeper] hates the Blue-gled with a deep
hatred, Crockett Bog-Myiile (1895) 422. (13) Cum. (EW.P.)
(14) Cum, Upon its arrival we first note the ' blue-jack ' in upland
pastures, Watson Nature and IVdcrafI (1890) xx. (151 Lnl.
Swainson, 75. (16; Sc. I'i. 132. (17) Sh. I. ('6. 207. (i8'iPer.!6. 137.
{ig) -w.Wov. Berroiv's Jrii. (Mar. 3, 1888;. (20) Nhb.' Blue-neb
is the name at Belford, Beal, and Fenham Flats district ; called
also the Hue. (2t) Frf. Swainson, 33. (22) Cor.^ Remarkable for
the steel-blue colour of its head and for ascending our rivers (e.g.
the Camel) about Candlemas-day ; hence when appearing in
numbers they are called the ' Candlemas School.' The great
majority are males or kippers; Cor.'^ [All migratory fish of the
genus salmon, whether known by the name salmon, . , . blue pole,
... or by any other local name,S/«/. 24 & 25 Vic. c. 109. §4.] (23')
Lei.* Called also the ' rock,* ' rock-pigeon,' or ' rock dove.' Nlip.*
Shr.' A gamekeeper's term. (24) Dev. Very fine living specimens
, . .(called by the country people 'blue shells') are brought up by the
ocean currents, 11. Dev. Handbk. (1877) 56. (25) Sc. Swainson, 132.
(26) Ken.i In use at Folkestone. (27) Sc. Swainson, 29. (28)n.Dev.
ib. 33. (29) w.Yks. i7>. 5. Nhp.i, w.Wor.i, s.Wor.i, Hrf.2 Dev.
BowRiNG Z-rt;i^. (1866). (30J Sc. Swainson, 29. (31, f?) War.^
(b) Nhb.i Used by anglers on North-country streams. (32) Sc.
Swainson, 33.
7. Fig. in comp. (i) Blue-belly, a Protestant dissenter;
(2) -cat, one suspected of being an incendiary; (3)
-devilled, in a fit of delirium tremens ; (4) -devils, low
spirits; a\so delirium tremens; (5) -month, see below ; (6)
-need, dire necessity ; (7) -uns (ones), delirium tremens.
(i) Ir.The Black mouths and Blue-bellies aregoneintoget a share
of it. Carleton 7")-aiV.s Peas. (1843I 1. 347. (2) Wil.' Hehasthename
of a blue cat. See Lewis's Cat. (3) Wm. He's bluedivilled hauf o' his
time i^B. K.). (4) Rnf. He's ill wi'delirium tremens. What vulgar folk
ca' the blue deils, Barr Po«;i5 (1861) 114. n.Yks. (W.H.) Slang.
Farmer. (5) N.I.* Blue-month. It happens longer or shorter,
from the time that the owl pratis [potatoes] goes out, an' the new
ones is not come in. Uis. We have dogs' days, hunger and aise,
through the blue month [July], Chambers Jrn. (1856) 139. w.Yks.
If I had sat there a blue month, there'd have been nought to
grumbleat, Snowden \Vcaver{i8Qi(>)v . (6) w.Yks. Leeds Merc .Suppl.
(Feb. 9, 1884) 8 ; w.Yks. ^ It must be blooaneed or they would
not turn out on such a night as this. A man . . . when he came for
his money used to say, ' It's nowther for want nor for scant, but
fair daan blooaneed.' (7) w.Yks. 3, Chs.'
8. Fig. in phr. (i) a blue day, one on which any uproar or
disturbance has taken place ; a day of misfortune; (2) as
blue as a whetstone, holding extreme Tory views.
(il n.Sc. It wiz a blue day i' the market, for there wiz naething bit
diinkan an' fechtan. My lass, it'll be a blue day for you fin [when]
yer mistress wears avva (W.G.). Rxb. (Jam.) (2) Glo.'
BLUEBELL, sb. Sc. and var. Eng. dial. Applied to
the following plants with blue bcU-shapcd flowers : (i)
Campanula rotundijlora, harebell ; the ' bluebells of
Scotland ' ; (2) Scilla nutans, wild hyacinth ; (3) Vinca
major, periwinkle.
1 1 Ayr. Where the bluebell and gowan lurk, lowly, unseen,
Burns Their Groves o Siveet Myrttes. Cum.', ne.Yks.. Der., s.Not.
(J.P.K."), Hrt., Dor., Dev.< ( 2) Nhb., Dur., Cum., Yks., Lan.,
Chs.', Der.2, Lin. (I.W.), Rut., Lei., War., Wor. ij. W.P.I, Shr.',
Glo.i, Oxf., Bck., Hrt. i,G.G.), Ken. (P.M.), Dor., Dev.", Cor.
(3) Dev.*
BLUEBONNET, sb. Sc.
L In plant-names : (i) Cenlaurea tnontana; (2) Scabiosa
succisa, devil's-bit.
(i) sw.Sc. Garden Wk. (1896) 112. (2) Sc. (Jam.)
2. A man's cap ; hence a Scotsman.
Sc. UoGG Jacob. Ret. (ed. 18191 '63 ; ^'1 the blue bonnets are
over the border, Scott Sn^. s.Sc. In former times used as a charm.
esp. for warding oIT the evil influence of the fairies (Jam. s.v.
Bonnet).
BLUE-BOTTLE, sb. Nhb. Yks. Lin. Shr. Bck. Nrf.
Ken. Sur. Sus. I.W. Wil.
1. The blue titmouse, Parus caendeus. Cf. blue-cap.
Nhb.'
2. In plant-names : (i) Campanula rofundifolia (Bck.) ;
(2) Cenlaurea cyanus, blue cornflower (Yks. n.Lin.' Shr.'
Oxf. Wil.); (2) Ecliiunt vulgare (Nrf); (4) Scilla nutans,
wild hyacinth (Bck. Ken. Sur. Sus.' I.W. Wil.').
(2) w.Yks. T'corn feald be chock full o' blue bottles an' head-
aches (W.F.). n.Wil, The beautiful Blue-bottle flower, than whose
exquisite hue there is nothing more lovely in our fields, Jefferies
IVild Life U8791 49. (4) Ken. (P.M.) ; Science Gossip (1881) 211 ;
Ken.', I.W. (C.J.V.)
[2. (2) Cyanus flos is called Blew-bottle, Blew-blow
Corne-floure, & hurt-sickle, Gerarde Herb. (ed. 1633)
734-]
BLUE-BUTTONS, 5^1. Applied to various plants with
round, blue flowers : (i) several varieties of Cenlaurea (.'),
cornflower (Stf) ; {2,) Jasione mo)itana, sheep's-bit (Cum.
Wil. Dor.) ; (3) Scabiosa arvensis (Cum. Wil.') ; (4) S.
columbaria (Wil.') ; (5) S. succisa, devil's-bit (Cum.' Yks.
Chs.'^ War.) ; (6) Vinca major, periwinkle (Dor. Dev.*) ;
(7) V. minor ( Dev.*).
(i) Stf. Reports Agric. (1793-1813). (2) Dor. (G.E.D.) Wil.
Sartim Dioc. Gaz. (Jan. 1890) 6. (6) Dor. (C.V.G.)
BLUECAP, sb. Sc. Yks. Lan. Stf Nhp. Shr. Ken.
1. The blue titmouse, Parus cacruleus.
Sc. Swainson Birds (1885) 33. w.Yks. Hl/.r. IVds. Shr.l
2. In plant-names: (i) Cenlaurea cyanus, cornflower;
(2) Jasione montana, sheep's-bit ; (3) Scabiosa succisa,
devil's-bit.
(i) Nhp. Summer's blue-caps blossom 'mid the corn, Clare
Village Min. {1821) II. 1^1 ; Nhp.', Ken. (2) w.Yks. Lees /VoT-n
{i888i 313. (3) n.Cy. Grose Suppl. (1790). e.Yks. Marshall
Rur. Econ. (1788). ne.Lan.'
3. A blue stone found in digging for ironstone.
Stf. (K.) ; Stf.'
BLUE-COCK, sb. Hrt. A young salmon.
Hrf. The blue-cock comes up from the sea very late in the season,
and is in condition in late autumn. It is so called from its bluish
head and shoulders. The name is in gen. use along the Wye
(H.C.M.). [The form blue-cap, given as a w.Cy. word in Ray's
Correspondence 1,1677) 127, ed. 1848, is not known to our corre-
spondents.]
BLUEGO"WN, s«. Obs. Sc. A licensed beggar. Cf.
beadsman.
Sc. A slouched hat of huge dimensions ... a long blue gown,
with a pewter badge on the right arm ; two or three wallets, or
bags, slung across his shoulder, for holding the dilTorent kinds of
meal, when he received his charity in kind ... all these marked
at once a beggar by profession, and one of that privileged class
which are called in Scotland the King's Bedesmen, or, vulgarly.
Blue-gowns, Scott Antiquary (1816) iv ; This order is still kept
up. Their number is equal to the number of years which his
Majesty has lived ; and one Blue-Gown additional is put on the
roll for every returning royal biithday. On the same auspicious
era, each Bedesman receives a new cloak, . . . with a pewter
badge, which confers on them the general privilege of asking alms
through all Scotland. . . . With his cloak, each receives a leathern
purse, containing as many shillings Scots (viz. pennies sterling)
as the sovereign is years old, ib. Advertisement (1829). Elg. A
Blue-gown advanced, and very respectfully presented a paper to
me, CouPER TourificatioHS (1803) I. 88. Ayr. Often on the roadside
he fell into discourse with travelling tinkers, blue-gowns, or old
soldiers, Galt Sir A. Wylie ( 1822 1 iv ; Just the blue-gown badge
an'claithing, Burns To j. Rankine. Lth. When blue-gown bodies
loudly skirl, Bruce Poems (1813) 15.
BLUE HAWK, sb. Sc. Irel. Cum. Yks. Glo. Oxf. Brks.
Bck. Nrf Sur. Hnip. In bird-names: (i) Accipilcr nisus,
sparrow-hawk ; (2) Circus cyaneus, hen harrier ; (3) F'alco
aesalon, merlin; (4) F.peregrinus, peregrine falcon.
( 1 1 Slg., c Lth. Swainson Birds{iS85) 136. Cum. By no means
the only one of its kind, for there ai'c four or five ' blue-hawks,'
Watson Nature and ll'ilcra/l 1 1890) viii. w.Yks. Swainson, 136.
Glo.i Oxf., Brks., Bck. Swainson, ib. (2) e.Lth., Wkl. il>. Nrf.
Cozens-Hardy Broad Nrf. (1893) 43. Sur. Blue hawk and Ring-
BLUE ISAAC
[3T3]
BLUNDER
tail, so the woodlanders term the male and female harrier, Dtachv.
Mag. (1890, 463. Hmp. Wise A'rai FoiesI ,1883' 268. ,3 n Yks.
Atkinson Diit. BiiJs' E^j^s; Swainson, 139. (4) ra.Ec, Ir. /i.
138-
BLUE ISAAC, sb. Won Hrf. Glo. The hedge-sparrow,
Accentor viodiilaris. See Aichee.
Wor. Smith Biids (1887) 143. w.Wor.' s.Wor. A. Porson
Quaint li'ds. (18751 12; (H.K.) Hrf.= We had fund a blue
Isaac's nest in the hedge, 44. Glo. Ct. (1851) ; (A.B.) ; Glo.'
BLUENS, see Blowings.
BLUESTER, sb. S. & Ork.' A bkiish peaty soil.
Also in coiiip. Bluester-peats, peats cut from ' bluester.'
BLUE-VINNY, sb. and adj. Wil. Dor. Soni. Dov.
1. sb. Blue-mouldy Dorset cheese. sc.Dor. (C.W.) See
Vinny, i'.
2. adj. Of cheese : covered with blue mould.
Dor. Us do want a pen'orth o' blue-vinny cheese, Hare Vill.
S/iret (1895") 231 ; Barnes G/. (I863^.
Hence Blue-vinnied, adj. mouldy, mildewed.
Wil.' Dor. 'Twould be a pity to let such things get blue-vinnied,
Hardy Ti-iiiit/>cl-Major (1880) xx; Dor.' w.Som.i Eliie viin-ud.
Dev. DcieelikeblucvinniedDarset cheese? Hlv/ett Peas. S/>. {iSgz').
nw.Dev.t
BLUEY, sb. Nhb. The hedge-sparrow, Accentor mo-
diilaris ; the blue titmouse. Paras cacnikus. See Blue-
bottle, Blue Isaac.
NUb.i The hedge-sp.Trrow is called Hedg}-, Fieldy, Spowcy,
Smokey, Smotty, and Bluev.
BLUFF, V. and sb. Niib. Yks. Dcr. Lin. Lei. Also
written bluffe N.Cy.^ fbluf.]
1. V. Obs. To blindfold. See Bluft.
n.Cy. (K.) ; N.Cy.^ Nhb. Grose (1750^ w Yk?.^^
2. sb. A shade or covering for the eyes ; m //. a horse's
blinkers.
w.Yks.2 Der.i BIufTs of a coach-horse. swLin.iThcy cut a
hole in his blulT to let him see a bit. So the game is called
Blindman"s Bluff. Lc;.' [Morton Cvilo. Agvic. (1863}.]
[1. Bhiffe, to blind- fold, Coles '(1677).]
BLUFF, nr//. Yks. Hmp. Dev. [bhtf, bltjf.]
1. Broad and fat, esp. with respect to the tace ; red-faced.
e.Yks. Spoken of a boy or girl, Marshall Riir. Ecoii. (1796).
Hmp.i [Grose (1790) MS. add. i^C.)].
2. Surlj', churlish.
Dev. Wills w. Tiiiin (Mar. 12, 1886I 6; Dev.'
[2. Black-brow'd and biufl', like Homer's Jupiter,
Drvden ( Ioiinson).!
BLUFFIN, V. Chs. Stf. [bluTin.] To bluster, to
swagger. Stf
Hence Blufilnin, adj. Stout.
s.Ch?.' Soa' Cm Soa- gy'ets li big wensh. — Aay, oo^z i1 big-
bliif inin thingg- [So-an' So gets a big wench. — Ay, hoo's a big
blufllnin tiling^.
BLUFFIN, see Bleffin.
BLUFFLE-HEADED, //>/. adj. Sc. (Jam.) Having
a large head, stupidlookin";.
BLUFFY, adj. War. fblufi.] Puffed, swelled.
War. 2 s.War.' .'\Iv hands are as blufiy as blully.
BLUFT, V. and sb. Yks. Chs. Der. Not. Lin. Lei. War.
[bluft.]
1. V. To blindfold. A\soJ!i^. to deceive, hoodwink.
n.Yks. Wat ev y.T bluftid t'ud miar [mare] for? (W.H.) w.Yks.
They bluftcd me, an led me throo a varra long passage, Bywater
Sheffield Dial. (1839) 229 ; w.Yks.^^ Chs.' Cows which arc given
to rambling and breaking through hedges may freq. be seen with
a square piece of sacking hanging from their horns over their eyes
to prevent them seeing anything in front of them ; they are said
to be bluffed. What! thar't tryin for t'bluft me, art ta ? Ctis.^
In the game of blindman's buff: ' It is j'our turn to be bluffed' ;
Chs.^, Der.' *, nw.Der.' s.Not. 'Es got one eye bluffed. I.cf's
play at blindman's bluftcd. Who'll be bluffed ? (J.P.K.) Not.'
sw.Lin.' They bluft the child. My lass gets bluffed sometimes.
The bull was bluffed to prevent him being frigl'.tcned. Lei. Its
moi tun tu bi bluoffid (C.E.') ; Lei.' Aa'm glad yew'n got that
theer bull o'yourn bluffed. War. (J.R.W.) ; War.3
2. To muflle church bells.
Chs.' Der. In the church at Chapel-cn-lc-Frifh. near Buxton, is
a table of fees to be paid for having the bells rung, e. g. — Tolling
4rf. an hour. If bluftcd, double dues, A', (y Q. (1880) 6th S. ii. 310.
VOL. I.
3. sb. A blinker; any kind of covering for the eye.
s.Not. A see ycr got a bluft on. What's the matter with yer
eye? J.P.K) Not.', n.Lin.' Lei.' The bluft o' the broidlc.
Hence (i) Blufter, sb. a horse's blinker; (2) Bluft-
heller, a halter to which blinkers are attached ; (3)
Blufty, sb. the game of blindman's buflf.
(1 w.Yks.3, Der.2. nw.Der.', Not.' Lin. N. V Q. (1880) 6th S.
ii. 457. n Lin.', Lei.' (2 n.Lin.' (3 Not', Lei.', War.'
BLUIFY, V. Hrt.' [binifai.] To become blue.
Hrt. My hands are quite bhiificd with the cold (H.G. >
BLUIT, sb. N.L' Fish-name ; a species of skate or
tiiornback.
BLUITER, -J. Sc.
1. To do work in a bungling manner. Hence Bluitcrin,
ppl. adj. clumsy. Biilf.'
2. To make a rumbling noise. Hence Bluitcr, sb.
a rumbling noise. S. With prep, up : to dilute with too
much water. Sc. (Jam.)
BLUITERED, ///. m^'. Cum. Injuriously alTcctcd by
drinking.
Cum. Aw bais'd, an' bluitcrt, an' queerish, Anderson Ballads
(1O05) 11. 170, ed. 1820; Cum.'
BLUN, (7(//'. Lan. Also in form blund Lan.^ [blun(d.]
Blind, also jiff. Cf blound.
Lan.' e.Lan. ' A person so deeply in love as to be insensible to
the obvious defects of the beloved is said to be blun.
BLUNDER, V. and sb. Van dial, usages. Also written
blunther BniV.
1. V. Of water or other liquid : to disturb the sediment,
to make turbid or muddy.
Yks. So y^ beer or ale when joggd in the bowle is said to be
blundrcd drink, and beer all blundred (,K.). n.Yks. The liquid
alum was beginning to come thickened and muddy, blundered, as
Adam said, Linskill Hctvoi Hill (18861 Ixii ; n.Yks.' Moolher,
t'bairns ha bin an' blundered t'waffer, while its a' 's thick as soss;
n.Yks. ^ e.Yks. Marshall A'l/r. £10;;. (1756'. ra.Yks.' n.Lin'
Pieiise sir, sum lads lies been blundcrin' th' wattcr e' Saaint John
Well.
Hence Bhind(e)ry, adj. muddy.
n.Yks. T'wa'.tcr's blundry cfter t'rain (I.W.).
2. To mix incongruously ; to disarrange ; to upset the
mechanism of a watch, lock, &c.
n.Yks.' Tak' heed, !nd, or fhee'll blunder t'lock wi' thoraud kays;
n.Yks.^ ni.Yks.' Wiicn unskilful hands lia\'c thrown a click out
of order, in iiUcrfering with its mechanism, they liave blundered
it. Of small shot, of different sizes, it will be said. ' Don't go and
blunder them pellets.' w.Yks. To concoct mistaken ingredients
would be to 'blunder' them (,C.C.R.).
3. To move awkwardly and noisilj' ; to sttimble ; to
make a noise ; sometimes with prep, about.
Bnff. (W.G.\ War.2, s.War.'. Oxf.' .1/5. add. Ken. The old
cat went blundering about 1 D.W. L.) ; Gooin' through de mcddcr
[meadow] in dc dark I blundered right over a waffle set acr.iss
do footway (^P.M.) ; Ken.' He was here just now blundering abouL
£U3.'
4. To hurry over anything.
Suf. I blundered and done it [with an idea of its being pretty
well done after .all], e.An.Dy. Times ^1892) ; 1 took and blundered
after him fC.T.).
5. With prep, oiif, to puzzle out. Hrf.'^
6. sb. A loud noise, as of falling or stumbling.
EnfT. The nickums o' loons cam in wi sic a blunther it they
waukont the bairn i' the craidle (W.G.). Ken. (.P.M." ; Ken.'
I knows derc's some rabbits in de bury, for I hcerd dc blunder o'
one. Sur.' Sus.' I heard a terrible blunder overhead.
7. Coiiip. (i) Blunder-a-whack, one whose carelessness
has brought on disastrous consequences ; (2) -buss, (3)
•guts, a clumsy, blundering person ; (4) -head, (5) -pate,
(6) -skull, a foolisli fellow, a blocklicad.
(i) w.Yks.5 (2) w.Yks.* Hrf.* I am such a blunderbush in
the dark. (3' e.Lan.' Chs.' Blunder yed. Slang. Why didn't
you, blunderhead? Dickens O. Twist ii85o~) 1. (5 s.Chs.' Ills
tookn u gild yed til piit au' dhaat' tugy'cdh-ur ; mahy blinrdurpai-t
wud-)nu doo if [It's tooken a good yed to put aw that together;
my blundcrpafe wouldna do it\ (61 ib.
[2. Who had blondred these thyngcs on this facyon :
qui a pcrturbc ccs choses en ccste sorte ? Palsgr. 4.
To h\\.\\\<\cr,praccipilantcr aliquid agcrc, Coles (1679;.]
s s
BLUNGE
[3Ml
BLUSH
BLUNGE, V. and sb. Yks. Chs. Stf. Slir. [blung.]
1. V. To knead or stir vigorously any plastic or half-!iquid
substance ; to mix, disturb.
w.Yks. .'J.B.) Chs.i A farmer's wife does not like, even for a
good customer, to blunge in her milk after it has been sieved and
put away in the pans. s.Chs.' To 'blunge' in milk or cream is to
dip some vessel into it which will make a mess in it. We cannot
speak of blunging in whey, because no idea of messing such a
liquid is possible. Stf. [In the pottery trade] They drudged, . . .
'blunging' it [clay] in the sun-pan. Sat. Revieiv (1888) LXV^I. 11,
col. I ; Stf.^ Misis, wun jou dzust blundi mi a bit a peist. Shr.'
Jenny, be sharp an' blunge up a bit o' dumplin' for the lads.
Hence (i) Blunge, sb. a mess or muddle; (2) Blungy,
adj. sticky, dauby.
(^i) s.Chs.l We speak of a skein being in a ' blunge' or tangle.
To make a blunge of anything. (2) w.Yks. Cooking ingredients
mixed or messed are said to be blungy (S.N.\
2. sb. A mixture of farm-yard manure and water, used
to sprinkle over the land. w.Yks. (J.B.)
BLUNDER, 5i. Chs. Stf [blungarl.]
1. The stick or pole used for ' blunging ' in making
pottery or at the flint-mill.
Chs.' It consists of a wooden handle about twelve feet long,
with a triangular plate fixed at the end. Its use is to stir tlie slop-
flint. Stf.2
2. Potter_v term : the large tub with revolving arms into
which the liquid clay is poured.
Stf.^ The arms are set into motion, and thus all the elements
composing the slip [or liquefied clay] are ' blunged ' into a con-
sistent whole.
BLUNK, v} and sb} Dcv. A'.so in form blenk,
blenky Dev.
1. V. To snow lightly.
Dev. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) n.Dev. Or whan snewth or
blunketh, E.vni. Scold. (1746) I. 124 ; Now let it blank, us ban't
afraid. Rock Jim an A^eii {i86-]) st. 25. Dev.* Et blunk'd at the
same time, an the weend hulHed an hulder'd et in wans eyes, 18.
2. sb. A flake of snow.
Dev. Now and again a big blunk fell and clung against her cheek,
Chanter IVilch (i8g6) ix. nw.Dev.' A blunk o' znaw.
3. A spark of fire.
Dev. There idden a blunk ov vire yer, an' us ant agot no lucifers,
Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892"!. n.Dev. A blunk o' vire skrent Chrise-
more Nan, Rock Jim an Nfll (18671 st. 108. Dev.* I, wan a
com'th in, sliiv'd way the cold, a can't come nare a blunk o' vire,
15. nw.Dev. A blunk o" vire.
BLUNK, V.2 and sA.^ Nhb. Yks. Written blonk Nhb.
w.Yks.s [blur)k, bloijk.]
1. V. To scowl.
w.Yks. Tha needn't blonk at me, I've bed nowt to do with it
(H.L.); w.Yks.3
Hence (I) hloviky, adj. sulky, scowling; (2) Blunkit,
ppl. adj. scowling, frowning.
(i) w.Yks.^ i2) Nhb. Dowf an' blunkit grew his look, Richard-
son Borderers Table bk. (1846) VI. 556.
2. sb. A scowl, a frown.
w.Yks. He puts on his blonk an' he's his old grandfeytherovver
agean (H.L.).
BLUNK, v.^ Sc. To spoil a thing ; to mismanage
any business (Jam.).
Hence Blunker, sb. a bungler.
Sc. The blunker that's biggit the bonnie house down in the howm,
ScoiT Guy M. (1815) iii.
BLUNK, sb.^ and adj. e.An.
1. sb. A fit of squally, tempestuous weather.
Nrf. Gkose (1790) MS. add. iR, ; Marshall /?!<»•. £'(-0/1.(1787 .
2. adj. Squally, tempestuous.
e.An.i, Nrf.i
BLUNK, sb.* Sc. A small block of wood or stone ;
alsoy;^'-. a dull, lifeless person.
Bnff.' Abd. An' sieth it is but hamell pen't Like bladdrin blunks,
Tarras Poems ■ 1804") 35 (Jam.").
Hence Blunkart, sb. a small block of wood or stone,
aso Jig. a thick-set or stupid person. Bnff.'
BLUNT, sb.^ e.An. Wil. Som. [tlBnt.J
1. A storm of snow or rain.
e.An.i ■Wil.' A cold blunt. Som. W. & J. CI. (1E73),
2. A snowflake.
Som. (J.S.F.S. ; (F.A.A.')
BLUNT, s6.° Suf* Term used by boj's in spinning
tops ; an unsuccessful attempt, when the top flies away
out of the hand without spinning.
BLUNT, sb.^ Rxb. (Jam.) A stupid fellow.
BLUNTEN, V. Yks. [bluntsn.] To make blunt.
e.Yks. T'bill's gotten sadly blunten'd (M.C.F.M.). m.Yks.'
BLUNTIE, sb. Sc. A stupid person.
Abd. I. just like to spew, like blunty sat, Koss He/enore (1768) 37,
ed. 1812; iW.G.) Ayr. They snool me sair, and baud me down.
And gar me look like bluntie, Burns O for ane and tiveitty, st i.
BLUNYIERD, sb. Slk. (Jam.) [Not known to our
correspondents.] An old gun.
BLUP, sb. Sc. (Jam.)
1. A misfortune brought on through want of foresight.
Hence Blupt, pp. overtaken by any misfortune which
might have been avoided bj' caution. Twd.
2. One who makes a clumsy or awkward appearance. Lth.
BLUR, sb. and v. Cum. Yks. Chs. Der.
1. Coiiip. Blur-sheet, blotting-paper. n.Yks.'
2. A blunder, a mistake, a spoilt piece of work.
e.Yks. 1, Der.'
3. A deception, a blind.
s.Chs.' Ahy daaytid dhi d thingk- dhur wuz siim bluur, soa"
ahy tuwd um au* iibuwt it streyt aaj't [I dated they'd tliink
there was some blur, so I towd 'em aw abowt it streight ait].
4. V. fig. To defome. Cum.'
Hence Blurred,///, adj. defamed.
n.Yks.2 A blurr'd name.
BLUR, see Blare, Blood.
BLURA, sb. Ubsol. Sh.I. In phr. lo be in iliira, to
be connected with, in company with.
Sh.I. In rare use. I wadna be in blura wi' him, he's dat ill-
vicket [so malicious] crater (K.I. ^. S. & Ork.'
BLURCH, sb. Lin. A stain or blot on the character.
See Blur, L
Lin. Poor lass, it'll be a blurch for good (^M.P.).
BLURRY, sb. and v. Yks.
L sb. An error, mistake; a.\so Jig. a premature birth.
w.Yks. Shoos bed a blurr}' (B.K. ) ; w.Yks.^^
2. A scuffle ; a scramble.
w.Yks. It makes all hurry and blurr\-, Byw.\ter Shefvild Ann.
\ 1856) I ; Dun yoa see, I'd been aht just afoare t'blurry tuk place,
jradsley Jack {1866 vii.
3. To commit an error. w.Yks ^
BLURT, V. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Not. Also written
blirt Wm.' n.Yks.= ; blort Nhb.' [blart, blat.]
1. To sputter, to jerk out by degrees, to speak hastily
and incoherently.
Nhb.', "Wm.' n.Yks.l He blurted it all oot, bit by bit ; n.Yks.2
It was blirted out. w.Yks.^ One who has got something to say,
but cannot express himself readily, ' blurts it out be bit an' bit.' If
there is neither sense nor argument in what he sa\'s, he ' does nowt
but blurt.' In the same way an impulsive, fiery-natured, quick-
speaking man, when angry, doesn't talk, but ' blurts.'
Hence Blortin, ppi. adj. sputtering.
Nnb.' A blortin cannlc.
2. To burst out crying.
Cum.' ; Cum.3 It no'but wantit anudder wQrd or two to mak"
her blurt reet oot, 152. Not.'
BLURY, adj Nhb. Wm. [blari.]
L Of the weather : cold, sharp, windy. Nhb.'
2. Of persons : talkative, garrulous. Wm.'
BLUSH, sb.' and -.'.' n.Cy. Yks. War.
1. sb. Appearance, resemblance.
N.Cy.' w.Yks.' An shoe hedn't been bedizen'd an trans-
mogrified, shoe wod a hed a feaful blush of her mother, ii. 296.
War.' [He has the blush of such a person (K.).]
2. V. To resemble, to be like in appearance.
n Cy. One blushes another (K.*) ; Grose (17901; N.Cy.''
BLUSH, sb.^ and v.'' Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. [bluj.]
1. sb. A blister.
Nhb. Gkose (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Nlib.' Aa've a blush on me
foot wi' waakin. Cum. Think on and bath t'auld mecr's showl-
dhers ; there's a big buish in and under that daft new collar
(J-Ar.).
BLUSHED
[315]
BO
2. V. To blister.
Bwk. I've blushed my hand Jam."'. N Cy.' Me walkrd till his
feet were bluslit. Nhb.i He blushed his hand wi' pullin' the l)oat.
n.Yks.2 It's all blusli'd.
[A spec, use of lit. E. l>/iis/i, a reciclcning. So Du.
bliiystrr, blister (Hexham) is cogn. w. LG. bleiisleni, to
flame (Bekghaus).]
BLUSHED, />//. ^<^^". Obs.t Ken. Of wheat : stained.
Ken. The wheat, notwithslandingf this precaution [of rcmovinp;
tlie smutty ears], being a little blushed, Annals .Igric. (1784-1815
XVI. 312.
BLUSHIN, sb. Sc. Irel. Also written blushion,
blushon. A blister or gathering on the hands or feet.
Sec Blush, sb^
Dmf. (Jam. ) Ant. Grose digo' MS. add. C); I think I have
heard them called dog's blushins, Ballytt]ena Ohs. (18921.
BLUSTERATION, .sA. Cum. Lin. Also written blus-
tration n.Lin.' Talk, noise, the act of blustering.
Cum. And meakcs a blusteration, Gilpin Sngs. ( 1866:1 345.
n.Lin.' You sea we've gotten oor man i'to Parliament for all the
blustraation of you Tories.
BLUSTERLY, ndj. Lin. [blustali.] Of weather:
stormj' ; alsoy?.^. violent in temper or language.
n.Lin.^ It's been the blusterliest summer e' all my time.
BLUSTEROUS, adj. Sc. Yks. Chs. Oxf GIo. Ken.
Hmp. Also written blustherous e. Yks. ; blustrous Chs.'
Glo.' Ken.' Of the weather : boisterous, windy.
Ayr. A \-era blusterous nicht, Service Dr. Diigiu'd {i8S-]) 251.
e.Yks. We've had a varry blustherous day, Nicholson F/i-S/i. 92 ;
e.Yks.' MS. add. (T.H.) Cli?.'^, s.Chs.' Oxf.i And every
moment blows blusterous winds, Sng., MS. add. Glo.' Ken.*
You'll find the wind pretty blustrous. Hmp. Grose ,1790^ MS.
add (C.)
BLUSTERSOME, ar^j. w.Vks.* [blu'stssam.] Of
weather : rainy and stormy in fits and starts.
BLUSTER-WOOD, sb. e.An. The shoots of fruit-
trees or shrubs that require to be pruned out.
e.An.i, Nrf.i, Suf.'
BLUSTERY, adj. Yks. Written blusthery e.Yks.
Stormj", windy.
n.Yks.' Very windy to-day, Willy. — Aye, 't's blustery ; n.Yks.*
Blustery weather. ne.Yks.' It's a bit blustthery. e.Yks.' MS.
add. (T.U.) w.Yks. Banks IVk/Jd. ll'ds. (1865).
BLUTCH, see Bletch.
BLUTE, sb. Sc. (Jam.) [Unknown to our corre-
spondents.] An action ; gen. used in a bad sense.
n.Sc. A ftiil bhitc.
BLUTH, sec Blowth.
BLUTHER, II. Sc. (Jam.) To make a noise in
swallowing liquid.
BLUTHER. see Blather.
BLUTTER, V. Sc. (Jam.) Wm. Also written bluther
Sc. [blu't3(r).j To make a noise in swallowing; to flow
unsteadily as liquid from a bottle that is very full.
Wm. It o' bluttered oot o* ower mi ( B. K.\
BLUTTER, sb. Sc. Also written bluiter, blluiter.
A dirty, clumsy, untidy person ; a noisy talker.
Sc. There will be Tarn the blutter. Herd Col/. (1776') II. 24
(Jam.). n.Sc. He's a nasty blluiter o' a chiel, that's cum t' be
shepherd t' the laird (^W.G.). Ayr. The great bluiter bauds her
wi' his clavers. Service A'olandnitts (1890) 3.
BLUTTER, see Blather(s.
BLUTTERBUNGED, pp. Lin. Confounded, over-
come by surprise.
Lin. A preacher in chapel g.ive out his text, ' Behold the Bride-
groom cometh.' Just then in walked a newly married couple. . . .
The whole thing so upset the orator, that quoth he, ' Well, mi
brethren, I'm clean blutterbunged! ' Lin. N.iX Q. (Jan. 1890; H. 3a.
BLUV, see BHv.
BLUZ, V. Wm. Lan. [bluz.] To strike ; to turn the
sharp edge of a tool by rubbing it against something
harder.
Wm. En bluz'd 'im . . . tehl ah hardly ked speak, Blezard Sttgs.
(1848)34. e.Lan.' s.Lan. Bamford ZJiVj/. 1850^.
BLUZZ, i^. and si. Lan. Nhp. Also written bluz Lan.
L V. To blindfold, to blind ; to veil, to shade.
m.Lan.' Nhp.' He could not distinguish the person who was
robbing his house, for ' the window was bluzzed with a cloth
before it.'
2. sb. Blindman's buff; also in cnmp. Bluzz-boggart.
Lan J.W.O. ; Lan.^ m.Lan.' Bluzz-boggarl's same as Blind-
mon's buff, an' a rare game id is, too. Ntip.' Come, let's have a
game at bluzz.
BLY, sb. e.An. Ken. Sur. Sus. Also in form bligh
Ken. ; blee e.An.' Nrf ' [blT, blai.] A faint likeness or
resemblance, a ' look of.'
e.An.' That boy has a strong blec of his father. Nrf Ess.
That boy has the bly of his grandfather (M.I.J C). Ken. I know
him by his bly (K.) ; Still in common use (P.M.) ; Don't you
see him like his grandfather ? — Well, scarcely a likeness, but I do
see a bly when his head is in certain positions 1 II. M ; Ken.' Ah !
I can see who he be ; he has just the bly of his father ; Ken.' He
has the bly of him. Sur.' ' He's got a bly of his father ' means he is
somewhat like. 'He favours his father" means he is very like.
Sus. You favour your father, but I can see a bly of your mother
now and then, Monl/ih PtI. i'1874'i 180 ; Sus.' 1 can see a bly of
your father about you W.D.P.) ; Sus.*
[Bly and blee repr. two forms of the same OE. word.
Bly repr. OE. bb'o/i (cp. t/tii;/i w. OE. }>coh), while blee
repr. OE. blco, to which form is due the conunon poetical
ME. blee, colour, appearance. If all my blee be as bright
As blossome on brere, York Plays (c. 1400) 220. The Ken.
form bly {bligh) occurs in the poems (c. 1320) of W. of Shore-
ham (in Kent) : He ne changede hys blye, 103 (M.\tzner).]
BLY AVE, see Blow.
BLYBE.i'. Sc. [bllb.] To drink much and frequently,
gen. of spirits.
rnfl.' He biybit a' day at fuskj', an' afore even he wiz blazin'-fou.
Hence (i) Blybe, sb. (a) a large quantity of liquid, (b) a
drunkard; (2) Blyban, 56. the act of drinking spirits. Bnfi".'
BLYBER, V. Bnfl' To drink heavily. Hence Bly-
beran, vbl. sb. the act of drinking.
BLYDE, see Blithe.
BLYPE.iA. Sc. [blaip.] Ashredofskin.
Sc. The skin is said to come ofl" in blypcs. when it peels in coats
or is rubbed off in shreds ' Jam.\ Ayr. Till skin in blypes cam
haurlin AfT's nieves, Burns //nZ/o.-treii 1785 sL 23. Draf He flogs
awa* wi' a' his micht, Till skin in blypes gaes fleein', Quinn
Hcal/irr (ed. 1863* 144.
BO, s6.' Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Lin. Also Ken. Also written boh n.Yks.'; bow Irel. ;
bu (Jam.) ; boo S. & Ork.' [b5, bu.]
1. A hobgoblin, a sprite.
Sc. (^Jam.) E.Lns. A female spirit who comes to warn a famil3- when
a member is about to die 1 P.J.M.^. Nhb. Richardson Borderer's
Table hk. 18461 VI. 59. Wm. An auld mcar'll startle an throw off
her rider When she hears the dread sound of the terrible Bo,
Whitehead Leg. (1859^ 30, ed. 1896. n.Yks.', w.Yks.'. ne.Lan.',
Chs. K.) Lin. I3o, terriculamcntum, vox agri Line, propria, asono
nutricum infantes territantium, Skinner i 1671).
2. Coiup. (i) Boh-boggle, (2) -boh, a fearful object, a
hobgoblin; (3) -boy, a scarecrow, 3.\so Jig. \ (4) -chap,
a name used to frighten children ; a giant, a kidnapper,
'black man'; (5) -cow, a scarecrow, a bugbear; (6)
•creature, see -chap; (7) -crows, (8) -crukes, scarecrows
set up in the fields ; (9) -fellow, see -chap ; (101 -ghosts,
apparitions in human oranimal shape; (ti) -lo. (12) -man,
a name used to frighten children ; a kidnapper, black
man; a fairy, a hobgoblin, the devil, a ghost; (13) -sweep,
the chimney-oweep, as a terror to children ; (14) -thing,
a phantom, a fearful appearance; (15) -woman, an ugly
old person, a witch.
(1,2 n.Yks.' (3) Ken. The beggar's bo boy spied him out,
Nairne Tales (1790) 52, ed. 1824; iP.M.) ; (E.R.O.); Ken.' (4)
n.Yks.* (5) Sc. Jam.) -6, 7,8,9, lo^ n.Yks." (Hi Nlib.' The
Bo-lo will get you ! 1 12' Sc. A goblin, the devil (Jam.). S. & Ork.'
A good fairy, supposed to assist the family at Yule by threshing
the corn while the household are asleep. Ir. (A.S.P.) ; iG.M.H.)
N.I.' n.Cy. Dcnham Tracts yed. 1895) II. 78 ; N.Cy.', Nlib.', Dur.l
Cum. Spoken of to frighten children (M.P.); Cum.' n.Yks.= A
boh-man's face, a mask. w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Sii/>pl. i Nov. 14,
1891 1 ; w.Yks.* ( 13 n.Yks.2 : 14' ib. It was a kind of bob-thing.
We have the Knocky-boh, who taps behind the wainscot, and
frightens the juvenile portion of the household. 1,15) il). She garbs
herself like an aud boh-witch.
S S 2
BO
[316]
BOARD
BO, sb.^ Sc. Cor. [bo, to.] An exclamation intended to
cause fright or surprise.
1. In pii^r. to sny ' bo ' to your blanket.
Sc. He dare not say ' bo ' to your blanket, that is, he dare not offer
you the least injury, Kelly Prov. (1721 ) i J.^M.).
2. Coiiip. Bo-geek, the game of bo-peep. In pi. tricks,
'larks.' See Geek. Cor."^
BO, see Boo, Bor.
BOA, see Bor.
BO AC, see Boke.
EOAD, see Bode.
BOADER, see Bodar.
BOAG, V. Obsol. Sc. Of a shoemaker : to go out to
work in the house of an employer.
Kcb. Heard lately from a shoemaker in the parish of Balmaghie
(W.G,\
BOAK, see Balk, Boke, Bolk, Balk.
BOAKEN, see Boken.
BOAKIE, sb. Sc.
1. A sprite, hobgoblin. Cf. boggart, bogie, bogle.
Bnflf. In common use (W.G,). Abd. (Jam.) Per. In occas. use
(G.W.).
2. A scarecrow ; an oddly dressed person.
Bnff. ( W.G. ) Abd. A 'tatie boakie ! G. W.).
3. T>neA ntiicns nasi. Abd. (G.W.)
BOAKIN WASHING, see Buck.
BOAL, see Bole, Bowl.
BOAM, V. Som. To draggle, to trail along. Cf.
balm.
Som. How theck umman's frock's a-boaming, Pulm,\n Stretches
(1842) 83, ed. 1871. [Not known to our correspondents.]
BOAN, V. Yks. [bosn.] To nag at, to trouble with
reproachful reminders.
w.Yks, Shoo wor alius boanin' at him f'.T.R.) ; In common use.
Tha'U dew nowght withaht Ah'm alius boaning at tha (S.K,C.) ;
A' sail boan tha till a' get it (J.S.J.).
[Prob. fr. bone, sb,, in the phr. ' a bone of contention,' in
allusion to the strife which a bone causes between dogs ;
or in the pit 1: 'to have a bone to pick,' to have a disagree-
able matter to discuss.]
BOAN, see Bone.
BOAR, ,s7;. Irel. Cum. Yks. Lin. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf.
I.W. Wil. Dor. Som. [boafr).]
1. In conip. (ii Boar-seg, 12) -stag, a boar castrated when
full-grown. Cf. barrow, bull-stag.
(I) Cum.', n.Yks. T.S.), n.Lin.i, Shr.»2 (2 1 War.3, se.Wor.l,
Hrf. (,W.W.S.) I.W.2 I be gwyne to kill a wold boor stag. Wil.',
Dor.', w.Som.^
2. A hedgehog. Wxf.'
BOAR, see Boor, Bore.
BOAR-CAT. sb. Ken. [bos-kcet.] A tom-cat.
Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.i
[The males will kill the young ones, if they come at
tliem like as the Bore-cats, Topsell Hist, of Foiire-footed
Beasles (1607) in.]
BOARD, si.i Sc. Irel. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Lin. Also
e.An. Som. Dev. Also written tode (II.m.l,); booard
n.Yks.'^; bord Wm. ; borde Wxf.' Nhb.'; buird Sc.
[bord, boad.]
1. A table.
Fif. There's nae time for conrtin' when gowff's on the board,
M'Laren Tibbie (1894) 83. S!k. [The tailor] loupt aff the buird
like a puddock, Cur. North Nodes (ed. 18561 IV. 84. Wxf.i
v/.Som.' Usually applied to the table-top, and not to the entire
piece of furniture. Very freq. called 'table-board' (q.v.) when
the entire table is referred to. They always used to put up the
girt frying-pan vuU o' taties, tap the board for breakfast.
Hence (i) Boarding, vbl. sb. putting food on the table;
(2) Borderer, ii , obsol., a servant in husbandry who boards
or lives in his master's house.
(i: Lan. Boarding's t'bestlaving.says ourprovcrb,KAY-SHUTTLE-
WOKTH Scarsdale 1860) I, 24. [Not known to our correspondents.]
(2) Suf. Obsol. F.H.)
2. Co;«/,(i) Board-cloth, table-cloth; (2) -end, table-end ;
(3) -head, head of the table.
(i) Sc. (Jam. Sicpfil.) Nhb.> Obs. Wm. Spin tow for bord
daiths en sheets, Wheeler Dial. (1790; 13. u.Yks.^ n.Lin.'
Obs. eAn.i w.Som.' By far the commonest name in the Hill
country. Lat-s aeu sum brak-sus, navur muyn dhu boo urd-klaalh
[let us have some breakfast, never mind the table-cloth], Dsv.
He [a table] wid'n be so bad nif we'd a-got a boardcloth vor to
put 'pon un, Reports Provinc. (1885 88. (2) Sc. I like not to be
treated like a liar or a braggart at my own board-end, Scott Lrr^.
Monty. (1830) iv. Ayr. Sittin' at yon board en', Burns Rattlin\
Roann' Willie (1787). (3) Lnk. The letter-gae of holy rh3'me Sat
up at the burd-head, Ramsay Chr. Kirk (1716) c. ii. st. 16.
3. A railway signal.
Slang. The average railway man of intelligence calls signals
' boards,' that is if he does not apply the alternative term ' sticks,'
Tit-bits ;Nov. i, 1890 55.
4. In phr. (i) to get on board [into.xicating drink], to drink
heavily, to swill ; see Aboard ; (2) tender board, dead and
buried.
(i) Abd. As they gat on board their beer, they bann'd like lairds,
Shirrefs Poems (,1790) 214. (2) n.Ir. (M.B.-S.)
[1. Hir bord was served most with whyt and blak,
Chaucer C. T. b. 4033 ; At board he fed not, Shaks. Coiti.
Err. V. i. 64. 2. (1) Therof may they make shetes, bord-
clothes, towels, Fitzherbert Hi.sb. (1534) 96; Iwull also
he haue too fyne bordeclothes, JVill (1424), in Earl.Eitgl.
Wills, ed. Furnivall, 56.]
BOARD, si.2 Nhb. Dur. Yks. Also written bord Nhb.'
w.Yks. [bSrd.]
1. A working-place or passage in a coal-pit, excavated at
right angles to the line of cleavage of the coal.
N.Cy.' Nhb. In b\-e thej- bumm'd me in a crack, And left me i'
ma faither's board, Wilson Pi/iiiaii's Pay (1843)27; The space
allotted gen. to one man to work in, ib, Gt. ; Nhb.' There are
' narrow boards,' ' travelling boards,' ' stow boards,' ' the mother's
gate, or common going board,' &c. A ' wide board ' is a pillar in
length and four or five yards iii width— a ' narrow board ' not more
than two yards wide. Nlib., Dur. J.C. Coinpleat Collier (1708) 42 ;
Exploring boards, Borings and Sinkings (1881) II, 317. n.Yks.
(J-J.B.)
2. Comb, (i) Board-gate, same as board ; (2) -room, the
width across an old board; (3) -way, a road driven in the
direction of the cleat, at right angles to the cleavage of
the coal ; (4) -way's course, the direction at right angles
to the line of cleavage or cleat of the coal.
( I) w.Yks. iS.J.C, ) (2) Nhb.i (3') -w.Yks. i,S, J.C.) (4"! Nhb.l
Nfab., Dur. Greenwell Coal Tr. Gl. 1^1849;; Boiings and Sinkings
(1878, 1. 52.
3. Phr. Board-and-ivall principle, a sj'stem of working
coal by galleries called walls, and intervening work-places
called boards.
[G/. Lab. (i894\]
BOARD, t).' Irel. Lan. Som. Cor. [bead.]
1. To place upon the counter, to produce.
Lan. Squelcher boarded his eighteenpence, Brierley Out of
Work, i.
2. In games : to clear the board, take the winnings.
w.Som.i Boaurdz aay dhu boa-urd ! [I claim the board J.
Hence (i) Board 'em, />/«', an old-fashioned round game
of cards ; (2) Boarded, ppl. adj. condemned as a forfeit to
pay for the whole company.
', I . Cor. /7/i-Z.o;-fy))j.(i886)IV. 125: Cor.' Pl.iyed by any number
of players from two to eight ; there must not be less than six fish
in the pool. The highest card of the original suit, if not trumped,
takes the trick and one or more fish, according to the number
staked ; Cor.^ (2) Cor. Should you play and fail to take a trick
you pay for the whole company and are said to 'be boarded,'
Flk-Lore Jrn. (1886) IV. 125.
3. To call before a board or committee.
N.I.' What ails you at the man ? — Sure he boarded me an' got me
the sack,
BOARD, i<,2 ircl. Wil. [bead.]
1. To accost a person.
N,I.' Ant. To accost, mostly for money or drink. I'll board
him for a tanner J.S,). Slang. Smyth Sailor's Wd. Dk. (1867) ;
(Farmer).
2. To scold.
Wil.' Occas. used. Her boarded I just about.
[1. I will board her, though she chide as loud As thunder,
SiiAKs. T. Shreii', i. ii. 95.]
BOARD
[317I
BOB
BOARD, v.^ w.Yks. [boad.] To cut an artificial bed
in the stone as it lies in the quarr)'. (T.K.I I.)
BOARDEN, aiij. Lin. Also Wil. Som. Dcv. Also
written boarding Dev. ; bouarden Wil. [boa dan.]
1. Made of board.
n.Lin.' Tlicrc is a bridge in the parish of Rottcsford which was
built of stone about twenty-two years ago, but as it replaced a
timber structure it is still called the Boiirden Brig. sw.Lin.' So
you've gotten a boarden floor. Wil. Slow Gl. (1892". Som.
W. & J. a. (1873). w.Som. The termination n, en, or ten . . .
is ahnost invariably added to a noun to denote the material of
which the article described is made, ... as boo'urdn, Elworthy
Giaiii. (1877) 18; w.Som.' U boourdn purtee'shn [a partition
made of board].
Hence Boardening, sb. wood made use of for fitting up
a building.
n.Lin. • Boards are called ' boards ' when not in use, but ' boarden-
ing' when empIo3"ed. We mun hev' sum boardenin' fixed up
atwean th' corn-chaambcr an' the malt-hoose.
2. Coiiip. Boarding-bridge, a plank laid across a running
stream, as a substitute for a bridge ; (2) Boarden-tray,
a shelter for the ewes and lambs, constructed of hurdles
and boards. See Tray.
(i) Dev.' Also called Clapper. (2" n Lin.'
[1. Olyfants . . . With ilkane bunden on his bake a
borden castell, IVais Alex. (c. 1450) 3602. Board + -en , as
in icooden.]
BOARD-SCHOOILER, sb. Yks. [bo3d-skuil3(r).]
A Board-school boy.
w.Yks. Onny Booard-schooiler nah-a-days wod a licked him
inta fits, Cudworth Vinl. Skc/c/ies (1884) 33.
BOARD YOU ! />/;/•. e.An. Pass the bottle on !
e.An.' Wlien one harvester wants to drink after another, he
calls ' board you.' [Not known to our correspondents. J Slang.
Nautical, Farmer.
[Barrere has the following: Board him (nautical),
a colloquialism for, I'll ask, demand him. See Board, I'.^J
BOAR-NECKED, (7^'. Nhp.' Of sheep: affected with
a disease which causes the neck to be bowed.
BOAR'S FOOT, sb. s.Bck. Helkborus viridis, green
hellebore.
BOAR THISTLE, sb. Chs. Stf Lin. Wor. Shr. Bck.
Hrt. e.An. Ken. Hmp. Som. Also in forms boar-distle
w.Som.'; bo-fissle Chs.' s.Chs.'; bore-thistle Ken.;
bo-thistle Chs.' ; bow-fistle Cum. CaiditKs lanccolalus,
a common purple-flowering thistle. See Bur-thistle.
Chs.', s.Chs.' sw.Lin.' So called in distinction to tlie smooth,
or soft-prickled, Sow Thistle. Midi. Marshall Riir. Ecoii. (1790)
II. Shr.' Boa-ur' thiss'l. Hrt. Elus Mod. I/i:sl>. (1750) IV. i.
e.An.' Su£ Science Gossip (1883: 113. Ken. Sometimes called
Gore Thistle (P.M.). Hmp.' w.Som.' Boo-ur diisd, duysl, daash'l.
BOAR"WARD, rt(^'. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written
borrid Som. Dev.'; borrod nw.Dev.' ; burred w.Som.'
[boa'rsd.] Spoken of a sow ; maris appetens. Cf bull-
ward.
Dor. Barnes Gh (1863^ ; Jennings Obs. Dial. tv.Eiig. dS^s' ;
\V. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.' Buurud. Dev.', nw Dev.' Cor.
GROSF.(i7go) MS. add. iC.) ; Monthly Mag. ( 1808) II, 423.
BOAST, v.^ w.Yks. [boast.] To dress stone with
a mason's broad chisel. Hence (i) Boaster, sb. a chisel,
about two inches broad, for dressing stone; (2) Boasting,
vbl. sb. dressing stone with a boaster. (J.T.)
BOAST, v.'^ and sb. Obs. ? Sc. (Jam.) Also written
boist. 1. V. To threaten. 2. sb. A threatening.
[1. And sum time begun to boist hir with deith, Bel-
LENDEN Lhiy (1533) 101 ; The tree branglis hosting to the
fall, Douglas Eiteados (1513), cd. 1874, 11. 105.]
BOAST, n^'. Irel. Hollow ; decayed or empty inside.
Cf bos.
Ant. iJ.S.) Dwn. (C.H.W.) s.Don. Simmons Gl. (1890).
Wmh. That's a boast tree. A boast potato (W.M.).
[Prob. repr. ME. borsHeit), burst.]
BOASTIVE, adj. Slf^ [bou stiv.] Boastful, pre-
sumptuous.
[How must his fellow streams Deride the tinklings of
the boastivc rill, Shekstone ll'ks. {iTnJ I. 278.J
BOAT, sb. Sc. Lin. Glo. Bus. Wil. Also written boit
(Jam.).
1. A segment of apple or orange ; so called by children.
Wil.'
2. Comb. (1) Boat-chocks, the blocks of wood on which
a boat rests when on land or on the deck of a vessel ; (2)
-man, a hemipterous water-insect, NotoitecUi glaum; see
Back-swimmer ; (3) -'sdraw, the indentation which the
keel of a boat makes when she is drawn in and out of the
noost ; (4) -stick, the pole of a boat ; the mast of a small
sailing-boat ; (5) -swain, a name applied by sailors to birds
of the genus Lcslris, or Stercoriiis; a skua; (6) -whistles,
Fiiciis vcsiculosiis, bladder-wrack ; a marine plant iiaving
little hollow vesicles, which boys make into whistles.
(i) n.Lin.' {2 ) Sus. Gf;i/. Jl/«^^. 1 May, 1890} 463. 3 S. &Ork.l
(4i Sc. iJa.m. Siifi/il.) (5) Sh.I. SwAiNSON Birds 11885 211.
[The fishermen and sailors on our coasts call it [Richardson's
Skua] the Boatswain, as indeed they call almost all birds with
pointed tails, because they carry their ' marline spike,' the boat-
swain's emblem of office in the merchant service, Smith Birds ^1887)
540.] (6) Glo, Grose (1790 MS. add. ! H.)
3. A tub for meal or meat ; a pickling barrel.
Sc, Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863 1 ; ;A.\V. 1
4. A wooden skimming-dish for taking the butter from
the surface of whey.
Lth. Milk vessels of all kinds, — skimmers, boats, Stratiiesk
More Bits ed. 1885 ) 109.
BOAT, V. Lin. To enter a boat. Hence Boater, sb.
a horse which will enter a boat.
n.Lin.' A horse i: said to ' boat well ' or ' be a good boater 'when
it willingly goes into a ferry-boat.
BOATY, sb. w.Yks. [bos'ti.] A canal-boat man.
w.Yks. Iz nobad a boati (J.W.).
BO AX, see Balk.
BOB, sb} and t'.' Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also
in form bab (Jam.), [bob, Sc. also bab]
1. sb. A bunch, a cluster of flowers or fruit ; a nose-
gay-
Sc. The rose an hawthorn sweet 1 11 twine To make a bobb
for thee, Hogg Moiiiil. Bard ^1807) 198 iJam.I. Lnk. This bab
o' the heather an' bonnie bluebell, Hamilton Poems 11865 23.
NUb. I pu'd her a posic o' gowans An' laid them in bobs at her
feet, Richardson Borderer's Table-bk. (1846, VI. 317. w.Yks, Ta
May, ah leave full run ta all me gardins, at get llaars ta mack
May bobs on, Tom Tkfddlehoyle Bainisla Ann. (1868 4 ; A bob
o' ling, Preston Mnsins (1878) 59; w,Yks,' ; w.Yks.^ A bob of
cherries ; w.Yks.^ Wassail bob, the bush carried by wassailers at
Christmas. ne.Lan.' Chs.' Clover is said to be in bob when it is
in flower. Lin. Miller & Skertchly /"cH/di/rf (1878) 126. Glo.
Clover bobs (S.S.B.).
2. A small quantity of grass, corn, or other crop, growing
more luxuriantly than the rest.
Bnff.' The hail fecdle [field]'s fou o'bobs.
3. A beam or crank of a steam pumping-englne ; the
weight on a plummet ; the pear-shaped piece of lead at
the end of a mason's level.
Nhb.' Called aT bob, or a V bob, or an L bob, according to its
form. n.Lin.', e.An.', Suf.' Cor. Aw, that thcere is our Bob, ef
he dedn't go up and down we should be all drowned and the mine
too, Tregellas Tales (i86o; 146; The gigantic bob was rising
and falling in response to the throb of the engine at its back,
Peakce Esllier Penlreadi (i8gi bk, i. i; Cor.»2
4. Coiiip. Bob-engine, a pumping-engine consisting of
a water-wheel and two beams or ' bobs.'
Cor. Drew //is/. Cor. (,1824; I. 616.
5. pi. Steelyards.
w.Som.' Uuin daewn tu Bdoch ur Eodz, un aa's-n plaiztu 1ai"n
mee liz baubz [run down to Butcher Wood's, and ask him (to)
please to lend me his bobs],
6. A small piece of wood used in warping chains by
hand, to keep the hand from the friction of the threads
composing tlie warp.
w.Som.' Called sometimes a hand-bob.
7. A knob, a lump ; a knot of hair.
Cum. A greet bob on t'top or fboddem, wadnt let it stand,
Farrall Belly Wilson (1886, 3. w.Yks.=3 n.Lin,' She duz her
hair e" a little bub o' weiik daays. Wor. (^J.W.P.)
BOB
[318]
BOB
8. A tassel, knot of ribbons ; a round ornamental pro-
jection.
Sc. Cuddie ... in ... a cocliit hat with a bab o' blue ribands at
it, Scott Old Mortality (1816; x.xiv. N.Cy.i Nhb.i Bob o' ribbons.
Win.', e.Lan.i
9. A small insect, a louse, beetle.
Hmp. Meary mayn't go to school wliile she's so many bobs in
her head, teacher says (W.M.E.F.) ; Hmp.i, I.W.i
10. Comp. (i) Bob-comb, a large comb with long teeth
used in securing the ' bob ' of hair ; (2) -grass, a species
of oat-grass, Bromiis mollis ; (3) -heads, the name given
to the heads of several flowers, clover, thistle, &c. ; (4)
•light, twilight; (5) -snarl, a tangle; (6) -wires, a trap
arranged at the entrance of a pigeon-cote, to catch stray
birds.
(I) w.Yks.s (2^ Wil.i, Dor. (C.W.) (3) Chs.3 (4) Ken.12
(5) Som. W. (?i J. Gl. (1873). (6) w.Yks. I've seen a streg [stray
bird] over yonder ; run in ancj let down t'bob-wires and perhaps
we'll cop it (H.L. ).
11. In phr. (i) Bob-a-lantern, a turnip lantern; (2) -oak
day, Royal-oak day. May 29.
! I : War.= (2) Wm.i On this day the boys carry about bunches
of oak-foliage. ne.Lan.^
12. V. To form into a cluster or knob ; hence to set in
order.
n.Lin.i Bob up thy hair, lass, it's all aboot thy faace. Bob up
that stack eavins, or all th' watter will run down th' sides when it
raains. Nhp.^ Bob up 3'our hair.
13. To grow in an unequal manner, small quantities of
the crop being more luxuriant than the rest.
Bnff.i The corn in that park's a' beginnin' to bob.
Hence Bobbit, adj. full of luxuriantly growing patches
of crop. ib.
14. To put a child into short clothes. Suf. (F.H.)
Hence Bopped, ppl. adj. said of a baby when it is short-
coated. e.An.*
[1. A bob of flowers, ^or^tow. A bobbe of leaues,/;-o«-
ditnni, Levins Mauip. (1570) ; A bob of grapys, holms,
Calli. Angl. (1483). 3. Billeboqiiet, a bob, a bullet hanging
by a line from the middle of a stick hollowed at the one
end, or both, for the receiving thereof, Cotgr. 9. Thyse
ben his baytes ... in Apryll . . . the stone flye, the bobbe
under the cowe torde, Trealyse of Fysshynge (c. 1425),
ed. Satchell, 26.]
BOB, sb.'^ and v.'^ Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
[bob.]
1. sb. A slight blow, a slap ; a mark, a butt.
Sc. (Jam.), ne.Lan.l s.Lan. It's better nor a bob i' th' e'e wl'
a brunt stick (F.E.T.). Der.», s.Not. (J.P.K.) e.An.l A bob i' the
chops. Nrf.i, Suf.i [A bit and a knock (or bob) as men feed
apes, Ray Prov. (1678) 226.]
2. Fig. A taunt, mock.
Sc. (Jam.) Abd. But fouk that travel mony a bob maun bide,
Ross Hclcnore (1768) 72, ed. iSia.
3. A catch, throw.
w.Yks.^ Gie us a bob.
4. Comp. (i) Bob-buttons, see below; (2) -marble, a
large marble used to play at 'boss and span'; (3) -off,
a game of marbles.
(i) Cor. The giants of Trecrobben and St. Michael's Mount
often met for a game at bob-buttons. The Mount was the ' bob,' on
which flat masses of granite were placed to sei-ve as buttons, and
Trecrobben hill was the 'mit,' or the spot from which the throw
was made, Hunt Pop. Rom. w.Eiig. (1865) I. 25 ; Cor.^ A button
is placed on a stone. At this stone another is thrown, the object
being to eject the former stone, letting the button fall to the ground.
The players in turn cry ' shank ' (backj or' eye ' (front), and if the
button falls with the side named upwards, it belongs to the one
who cried it. (2) Nhp.' (3) Stf.^ Each player puts on a line the
number of marbles staked. Then each takes his ' bobber,' a smooth
kidney-stone, toes another line some distance from the marbles,
and ' bobs ' or throws it gently at the line of marbles. If he knocks
any ofT the line, they become his.
5. V. To hit, to strike lightly.
w.Yks.2, Not. (W.H.S.) s.Not. There is a forfeit-game in
which the giver of the forfeit is covered with a sheet. "When he
is tapped on the head by one of the company he cries out, ' Brother,
I'm bobbed.' ' 'Who's bobbin thee, brother ? ' 'Whereupon the
former has to guess by whose hand he was bobbed (J.P.K. ).
6. To poke, push through; to make hearth-rugs by
slipping a piece of cord through small slips of cloth.
s.Ctis.' Elp mi ky'aar'i dheyz pahyz tu idh oon, tin diijnu bob
yur fingg-urz thr6o)th kriist [Help me carry theise pies to th'
oon (oven), an' dunna bob yur fingers through th' crust]. Stf.^
Moind, Bil, az dhi dustnar bob dh' end a dhat dhiar poul thiau sum
windar. In making rugs, as each slip of cloth is ' bobbed,' the cord
is bobbed through a sheet of canvas or strong calico which forms
the foundation of the rug. 'Wei you an gotn a nois rug; an ya
nitid [knitted] yar bits on ar bobbed am ?
7. To toss, to throw for another to catch.
w.Yks.^ Bob that dog owcr t'brigg an' see if it'll swim. Bob that
bawal here. s.Lan. Used by boys (F.E.T.). Stf.^
8. In phr. (i) Bob and hit, (2) — and span, a game of
marbles ; (3) — inio cap, a children's game ; (4) bobbing
oiil, a game of rnarbles played with several marbles in
a ring and a large iron taw.
(i) s.Lan. Played by boys on their way to school, &c. It consists
simply of each boy trying to hit the other's bobber, each playing
in turn as they run along (F.E.T.). (z) Stf.^ The boy, whose turn
it is, will ' bob ' or gently throw his marble at his fellow-player's
marble ; if he misses it, but can span with his hand the distance
between the two marbles, he claims the other by virtue of the 'spon.'
(3) w.Yks.5 (4) w.Yks. (J.T.)
[1. Pinches, nippes, and bobbes, Ascham Sclwlemasler
(1571), ed. Arber, 47 ; Becquade, a peck, job, or bob with
a beak, Cotgr. 2. A bob, sauna. A dry bob, dicleritim,
Coles (1679) ; Riiade seiche, a dry bob, jest, or nip, Cotgr. ;
I have drawn blood at one's brains with a bitter bob,
Alex, dr' Campaspe, II. 113 (Nares). 5. 'With the bit of
his blade he bobbit hym so, Desl. Troy (c. 1400) 7316.]
BOB, v.^ and sb.^ Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
Also in forms bop e.An.' Nrf.' Suf.' ; bobby Som. Dev.
[bob, bab.]
1. V, To pop in and out, or up and down ; to move
quickly.
Sc. Everything . , . was floating, . . . her carpet shoon that weer
bobbing up and down like wee boats, 'Whitehead Daft Davie
1^1876) 138, ed. 1894. Bnff.' He bobs richt ill fin he's ridin'. A
saw something bobbin' up an' doon amo' the wattir. Fif. She
lookit like a lump o' copper bobbing up an' doon in a sea o' gowd,
Robertson Provost (1894) 22. Yks. A wildish-looking fellow
bobbed his head in, T. Toddle Aliti. (1875) 9. w.Yks. One heead
just bobbin' up aboon another, Yis. IVkly. Post (Feb. 22, 1896) ;
It wor bobbin up and daan. Hartley Clock Aim. (1875) 36;
w.Yks.s 'When ad said that, ah bobb'd off. It's herlevcn o'clock
ah see ; I mun be bobbing. Lan. In the Wigan district, as the
colliers approach the pit, before going down, one of their number
is told off, hat in hand ; and each man who is willing to ' play '
bobs his finger in the hat as he passes, Gl. Lab. (1894). s.Not.
He bobbed round the corner out of sight. He kept bobbing about,
so as I shouldn't hit him (J.P. K.). Nhp.' Their noses now peep
from the ground And tliere the tails bob in, Clare MS. Poems.
Brks.' The bird bobbed just as I shot. Som. Wher thay [puddings]
bobbied about just like fishes, ' Agrikler' Rhymes (1872) 12. Dev.
Her bobbied down behind the wall (R.P.C.).
Hence Bobban, vbl. sb. the act of moving quickly up
and down.
Bnfr.l The bird ran amo' the girs, an' keepit a bobban up an'
doon o' its hehd.
2. To dance. Cf. bab.
Sc. If it wasna weel bobbit, we'll bob it again, Scott Midlothian
(i8i8) xl. Fif. She whirl'd like whirligig, and reel'd, and bobbed
and skipt, Tennant Aiister (1812) xli. Lth. Games are pla3'ed
among your feet, Reels are bobbit in the sheet, Ballantine PocHii
(1856 1 302. Gall. (A. 'W.)
Hence Bobbing, vbl. sb. the act of dancing.
Sc. 'Wi' bobbing, Willie's shanks are sair. Herd Coll. (1776) II.
ir4 (Jam.).
3. To stoop down, to duck the head.
s.Not. He bobbed his head down under the table (J.P.K.\
n.Lin.' He was on th' top o' th' coach, an' didn't bob his head, as
he went under th' archway. e.An.i Nrf. That doorway is rarely
low — mindyow bop yar hade when yow come in (W.R.E.); Nrf.'
Suf. Hinder come our master, bop down, don't he'll see ycr
(M.E.R.) ; (C.T.) ; Suf.' Ded ycow see that there guse bop under
the gate wah ?
BOB
[319]
BOBBKROUS
4. To curtsey, bow low.
Fif. The fisher-knicht, . . . they bob Afore him wi' a brattle, Ten-
NAXT Papistry (■l&2^]^ 160. Ayr. Opening the door at the same time
he bobbed his head, G\i.t Sir A. JFv//V;i8a2 ix. Lth. Out came the
auld maidens a' bobbin' discreetly, Ballantine Poems {1856) 54.
n.Cy. (K.1 Lin. The little gells bobs to ma holTens es I be abroad
i' the laanes. Te.nnyson Spinster's Siveet-arts (18851 St. 17. Wor.
(J.W.P.) Nrf. Yow naadn't bop tu me, A.B.K. IVnghl's Fortune
(1885) 53. Som. Mrs. Sandboy bobbed an obeisance at every
word, Raymond Love and Otiiet Life (,1894) 201.
5. sh. A quick, sharp motion.
Bnff.' He ga's han' a bob up abeen the wa".
6. A dance.
Sc. The bob of Dunblane, Scott Midlothian (1818I xl. Frf. Hey
the jig o' Ballangeich, Hey ! the bob o' Fettercairn, Laing Wayside
Firs. (18461 III.
7. The refrain of a song, a chorus.
Nhb. ' Come help to bear bob in my song, Genuine Tom Whittell
(i8i5\
8. A curtsey, obeisance ; a nod.
Ayr. Andrew, on entering the room, made a bob with his head
for a bow, Galt Sir A. IVylie (,1822) ix. Gall. (A.W.\ Oxf.',
Brks.i
9. Coiiip. (1) Bob-apple, see below; (2) -cherry, (a)
a children's game consisting in jumping at cherries sus-
pended above their heads; (b) tlie game of taking a
cherry-stalk between the teeth and trying to get the
cherry into the mouth without using the hands.
(I Glo. An apple is stuck upon one end of a stick and a lighted
candle in a slit at the end, which hangs upon a small cord fastened
to a beam, and swings round, at which children bob with their
mouths open, and often burn their cheeks or hair, by missing the
apple. Otherwise called Snap-apple, Grose (1790) MS. add.
(H.1 Dev. At bob-apple any boy may jump for the fruit, till it is
carried iway, Baring-Gould UrilJi (1891) II. xxxv. (a, o) [Grose
(1790) MS. add. (M.)] (A) Brks.'
BOB, sb.* and v.* Brks. Hmp. Wil. Colon, [bob.]
1. sb. A timber-carriage ; the hind pair of wheels with
the long pole or lever attached thereto.
Brks.' A timber-bob is often shortly called a ' bob.' Hrap.^, Wil.*
2. CoDip. Bob-sled, sb. a rude sledge used for drawing
logs out of the wood.
[Can. Dartnell c& Goddard Gl. ; The logs are loaded on bob-
sleds and taken to the mills, Eng. Il/iist. Mag. (Sept. 1892) 88a.]
3. V. To carry on a timber-carriage.
Hmp.i We can bob that tree home.
BOB, sA.5 Sc. Ess. Also bab Sc. [bob, bab.]
1. The most sprightly and best-dressed lad or lass.
Sc. Lizzie Wha shene [shone] the bab o' a' the boon. She was
sae buskit braw, A. Scott Poems (i8o8j 98. Ayr. Heard very
seldom 1 J F.l.
2. A familiar name given to a friend.
Ess. Still used (H. H.M.I ; Ess.l
BOB, sb.^ Cor. Colon, [bob.] A very young calf
before it has found its legs ; a very young child ; gen.
used with staggering.
Cor. I M. A.C. ) ; Cor.^ A fine fat calf (none of your ' staggering
bob,' three weeks old), Botterell Trad. 3rd S. 163. [Aus., N.S.W.
No calves given in, except regular staggering Bobs, Boldrewood
Colon. Ri/ormer ijSgo) III. xxiv.]
BOB, sb.'' Slang. At Winchester School : a large
white jug, holding about a gallon.
Slang. Shadwell H'yte. SAk/^ (1859-1864) ; (A.D.H.I ; Cope
Gl. ; Each end and Praefect's mess had their beer served up in
a large while jug or ' bob,' Mansfield School Life (1870) 85.
BOB, 5*.^ Obs. Nhb. A caster or trimmer of coal
on board ship.
Nhb. May he live to cheer the bobs That skew the coals to
shivers, Gilchrist Sngs. (1824) 15 ; Not now in use, and perhaps
at no time a word in regular use (R.G.H.i ; Nlib.'
BOB, v.^ Nhb. Wm. Yks. Stf. Nhp. e.An. [bob.]
1. To deceive, disappoint, cheat; to balk; to turn aside.
Nhb. Aw thought to get sum Nabob grand, Aw's bobb'd wi' fair
au'd Nick, 'Ro-ason Sngs. ofTyne- 1819 159. Wm'Ile bobt t'hcear
i' t'looan [he turned back the hare in the lane]. w.Yks.' To bob
a hare. Nlip.*, e.An.*, Nrf.*
2. To play truant.
Stf.2 Ei, ladz, lets bob tsdi on gu sei dh' kalvori [cavalry].
Hence Bobber, 5&. a truant, one who habitually plays
truant.
Str.2 Ei sez ez ai [how] ei "z stopin awi fram skou for moind dhear
babi ; bar oi think ei'z a bobar.
[1. To bob, to cheat, B.\iley (1721) ; You shall not bob
us out of our melody, Shaks. Tr. &-• Cr. in. i. 75; Avoir
le iHoine, to be cousened, gleekt, bobbed, Cotgr.]
BOB, i'.8 Sc. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Lan. Nhp. War. e.An.
Sus. Also in form bab Sc. (Jam.) Nhb.' e.x\n.' Nrf.'
Suf.' ; baub Bwk. [bob, bab.]
1. To fish, esp. without float or hook, and with a bait of
a number of worms strung upon a piece of worsted and
tied in a bundle.
Wm.', w.Yks.' e.An.'; e.An.* He baited his hook with a dragon's
tail, . . . and bobbed for whale. e.Sus. Hollow.ay.
Hence (i) Bobber, sb. (a) the hook used in flj'-fishing,
as distinct from the trailer (q.v.) ; a fishing float ; (b) a
poacher, one who catches salmon with a ' bob-net ' (q.v.),
the use of which is illegal; (2) Bobbing, vbl. sb. a mode
of catching fish or crabs without rod or hooks.
{1. a\ Sc. (Jam.) Lan. It's a little lad watchin' th' bobber ov his
fish-line, Ferguson Moudyivarp's Visit. 10. (4) Bwk. R.O.H.)
(2 Lan. Aw could like to go a-bobbin' i' the mornin', Waugh
Rambles in Lake Cy. (1861 iii ; Lan.', Nhp.l. War.^. Nrf.', Suf.'
2. Comp. (i) Bob-net, a long salmon net, floated with
corks, fixed by a stone or anchor at one extremity in
the river, to a post or ring on shore : the use of this net
has been prohibited since 1857 ; (2) -rod, a fishing-rod.
(i) Bwk. A bawb net or bob net is a moored or fixed engine,
and even when it was legally used was fixed in an eddy. Hence
' bob,' from the bobbing or dancing [of the floats ?] caused by the
eddy, or by the strike of the fish (R.O.H. ). Nhb. ^W.H.H.) :
Nlib.i In fishing for sea trout ofl" rock ends they use a bab-net of
five inch mesh, in which the fish are caught by the gills, Oliver
Rambles (1835) 221. (2) Lan. So, off they set wi' the bob-rods
i' bond, Waugh Rambles in Lake Cv. (1861) iii.
BOB, V.'' and sb.^ m.Yks.' [bob.] 1. v. To surprise.
2. sb. A surprise.
BOB, int. Suf. Slang. Stop, that's enough !
Suf. Bob ! bob! orbobj-ou! A child is so addressed to stop
him when he is drinking too much. In the harvest-field it means
' have done with your draught, and let others have a turn ' : F. H. 1.
Slang. ' Say when,' said Bonko, taking up a flagon of whiskey,
and commencing to pour out the spirit. . . . ' Bob I ' replied I, Mud.
Society (June 6, 1889) (Farmer).
BOBA'W, ;■/;/. Not. An exclamation to children :
don't touch, don't meddle. See Baba.
s.Not. Bobaw ! baby mustn't pull mammy's hair ( J.P.K.X
BOBBANT, aiij. Obs. Wil. Of a girl: forward,
romping.
Wil. BRtrrON Beauties (jSss); Wil.l
BOBBER, 5*.' Shr. A term of familiarity.
Shr.2 Well bobber, how bin 'e ?
BOBBER, Ai.= Yks. Clis. Lan. [bo'bafr).]
1. A large marbles o''4 ins. in circumference, made some-
times of iron or stone, but more commonly of burnt clay.
Lan. ' Bobber' and ' dobber ' were used simultaneously, but the
latter word was most common (S.W. 1 ; (F.E.B.) Chs.'
2. A special sort of bowl ; a lob.
w.Yks. The rustic cricketer had been content with slow ' bob-
bers,' Burnley Sketches (1875'; 165 ; Still used (M.F.).
3. In phr. Bobber and kibbs, a children's game.
Lan. Groups made dirt pies ; clusters played ' bobber and kibbs,'
Burnett I/aworlhs (18871 vi; (F.E.T.) ; It is played with a • bob-
ber' I q.v.) and 6 or 8 ' kibbs,' small cubes of earthenware. The
kibbs are spre.id on the ground 1 a hard surface', and the player
bounces the bobber and picks up a kibb. He must then catch the
bobber, bounce it again, pick up a kibb, and so on until all the
kibbs are held in the hand. The game is mostly played by girls
(F.E.B.) ; .Seldom played now iS.\V.\
BOBBER, adj. Cum. Chs. Der. Ibo-bafr).] In high
spirits, saucy, pert ; venturesome, bold. See Bobberous.
Cum. LiNiuN Lake Cv. (1864^ 297. Chs.' 2^, Der.'
BOBBEROUS, adj. Obsol. Nhb. Yks. Chs. In high
spirits, elated, ' cock-a-hoop.' See Bobbersome.
N.Cy.', Nhb.' w.Yks. HurroN Tour to Caves 1781) ; w.Yks.'
Thouz seea bobberous an keckahoop wi thy twelve groats, ii. 301.
Clis.i = 3
BOBBERSOME
[320]
BOBBISH
BOBBERSOME, adj. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Shr.
In hi?h spirits, bold, forward, venturesome ; impatient.
N.Cy.', Nhb.i, Win.i, w.Yks.^^ Lan. What dust think abeawt
mi cap? isn't it bobbersome ? Brierley 7a/«s (1854) II. 194 ; Lan.i
To comparen me to an urchon [hedgehog]. Is not it like running
me deawn, an a bit too bobbersome 1 Tim Bobbin Wks. (1750)
ItiUod. xxxviii. ne.Lan.', e.Lan.i, Chs.^ Shr.i Dunna yo be too
bobbersome \vi' yore money.
BOBBERY, sb. In gen. dial, use in Eng. Also in
form baubery e.An.^ ; bubbery N.Cy.^ Nhb.' [bo'bari.]
A noise, disturbance ; a quarrel, dispute.
N.Cy.' Nhb.i What's aa this bobbery aboot ? e.Yks.l Lan.
Let's not kick up any bobbery, Staton B. Shuttle Boivtun, 62. I.Ma.
What's the bobbery between the pair of you ? C.\ine Manxman
(1894^ pt. III. ix. n.Lin.i, Brks.», e.An.'^, Suf.i Ess. Gl. (1851^
Ken. You ain' got no call to kick up such a bobbery (P.M.) ; Ken.',
Sus.2, Hmp.i Som. There's a fine bobbery over to Paris in France,
Raymond Love and Quiet Life (1894) 25. w.Som.i There was a
purty bobbery way em, sure 'nough. Dev. Tliere's a purty bob-
bery up tu ouze. The young miss 'ath amarried tha groom,
Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892). w.Cor. Common (M.A.C.). Cor.2
S'ang. I heard something yesterday of his kicking up a bobbery
in the kitchen. Barham Ingo/dsby {i86^) Spectre of Tappington.
[Aus., N.S.W. If you make a bolt of it now there'll be no end of
a bobberv, Boldrewood Robbery (1888) II. xi.]
BOBBIES'-EYES, sb. pi. Hmp.' The speedwell,
Veronica chaniaedrys.
BOBBIN, sb} Sc. Uur. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Lin. Wan
Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. [bo'bin.]
1. A wooden tube or cylinder upon which yarn is
wound in weaving or spinning.
Slk. (Jam.), Dur.i w.Yks. (J.MO ! The bobbin is placed upon
the spindle, and the yarn is spun and wound directly on to the
bobbin (W.T.). Chs.i
2. A piece of pressed gunpowder, used for blasting
coal, in shape not unlike a full ' bobbin ' of thread. n.Stf.
(J.T.)
3. A white, round string or tape used to strengthen the
hem in many garments.
w.Som.i A running tape in a pinafore or the string of a baby's
cap is a bobbin. Dev., Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 423.
4. A String with a knob at the end attached to a door-
latch, by which the door can be opened from the outside.
War. i^J.R.W.) Dor. We thought we heard a hand pawing
about the door for the bobbin. Hardy Madding Croud (,1874) viii.
Som. Sweetman IVincanton Gl. (i885\ w.Som.'
5. Comp. (i) Bobbin-engine, a contrivance by means of
which several threads can be wound at the same time in
spinning; (2) -gun, a toy gun made out of a weaver's
wooden bobbin ; (3) -hat, a silly fellow ; (4) -lad, a boy
who provides the weavers with weft ; (5) -ligger, a boy
employed to put or ' lig ' bobbins on a rail on the spinning
frame ; (6) -mill, a mill or factqry lor the manufacture of
bobbins ; (7) -pegger, see -ligger ; (8) -pegging, putting
the bobbin on the rail on the spinning frame ; (9) -sticker,
a round tube used to wet the bobbins by sucking the
water through them ; (10) -turner, (a) a man who makes
bobbins; (b) a useless cftcniinate fellow; (11) -wheel,
an old-fashioned arrangement consisting of a large and
small wheel, for winding yarn on to a bobbin ; (12) -wood,
wood suitable for the manufacture of bobbins, usuaily
the stems of apple, pear, or other hard woods.
(i) w.Yks. (J.T.) (2) Lan. He'd ha' done mooar wark wi" a
bobbin-gun nur they'd ha' done wi' a sixty-eight peawndhur,
Brierley Z)msyA'ooi(i859)i6; Ois.'SW.) s.Lan. (F.E.T.) (3)
Lan. If t'olfers it m.i au'll slat it i' thi' face, thcaw grate bobbin-hat,
Brierley Day Out (1859) 42. (4) w.Yks. Then come the bobbin
lads, as the httle saucy urchins who provide the weavers with weft
are called, Burnley Bradford Life (1872) Day in the Mill. (5) ib.
(F.R.) (6) Chs.i The trade is now dying out, owing to the use of
iron or tin for bobbins. (7. w.Yks. (F.R.) (8) ib. He'd risen to
bobbin-pcggin, Illingworth Clayton Ann. (1878) 52. (9^ ib.
(D.L.i (loi Chs.' Many factories maintain, or used to maintain,
a bobbin turner. (11) w.Yks. iJ.M.) (12) Ch&.i sw.Lin.' Excel-
lent underwood, consisting of 26 acres of bobbin-wood, &c.
BOBBIN, si.2 Ken. fbobin.]
1. A small bundle of brushwood used for firewood,
measuring from 12 to 16 ins. in length and about 3 ins. in
diainetcr. Cf. bavin.
Ken. (D.W.L.) ; (P.M.) ; Ken.l
Hence Bobbiner, sb. a dealer in bobbins or bavins.
Ken. (W.D.P.)
2. Comp. Bobbin-tng, a light framework of wheels, with
an upright stick at each of the four corners, used for
carrying ' bobbins ' about for sale.
Ken. (P.M. ■; Ken.'
BOBBIN-COCKER, sb. _ Obs. Lan. Also in form
bobby-. A travelling glazier, gen. used contemptuously.
Lan. He says at he'll oather be a sailor or a bobby-cocker,
Waugh Chimn. Corner (i8-]i) 158, ed. 1879; Quite common forty
years ago in the Bury district, Manc/i. City JVetvs (Dec. 12, 1896);
(S.W.)
BOBBING-CHARGE, sb. Lon. The payment of one
penny by a porter in Billingsgate Fish IVlarket for the
privilege of carrj'ing bought parcels of fish for the
buyer.
Lon. Gl. Lab. (1894).
Hence Bobber, sb. a man who stands on a bench by
the salesman and receives the bobbing-charge. ib.
BOBBING-JOAN, sb. Nhp. Dev.
1. An old country dance.
Nhp.2 [To dance bobbing Joan, Grose (1790) MS. add. (II.)]
2. A gay, sprightly girl.
Dev. Aw, whot a bobbing- Joan thee art, Polly ! Wait a bit, m'
dear, till vii'ni married ; yu'll 'ave tii stap they hanlics, IIewett
Peas. Sp. (1892) ; Not common (R. P.C.I.
[1. Don't let your Niece sing ' Bobbing Joan' ! Bariiam
Ingoldsby Leg. (1840) Ne/l Cook ; Strike up Bobbing Joan,
Or I'll break your fiddle. Hop Garland (1756) (Nares).]
BOBBING-NEEDLE, sb. Sus.^ A bodkin.
BOBBIN JOAN, sb. Nhp. Cor. Also in form Bobbin
and Joan Nhp.'
1. The wild arum, Arum jnaailahini.
Nhp.' Prob. [so called] from the fancied resemblance to a lace-
maker's bobbin. Called also Lords and Ladies, Cows and' Calves,
Bulls and Cows, Dog-bobbins, and Lamb's-lakens ; Nhp.-
2. A round excrescence on potatoes ; the seed of
potatoes.
Cor. Thomas Randigal Rhymes (1895) Gl.; Cor.^ MS. add.
BOBBIN-QUA"W, sb. Sc. Also in form babbanqua
Bwk. A quagmire ; a spring over which a tough sward
has grown sufficient to support a person's weight.
Rxb. So named from its quaking or bobbing under a person's
weight (s.v. Quaw) (J.^M."!. Bwk. Stalk'd awa. And vanish'd in a
babbanqua, Henderson Pop. Rhymes (1856) 8 ; Near its northern
extremitv a quagmire, or babanqua. ib. 9.
BOBBINS, sb.^ pi. Sc. Bck. (1) The wild arum.
Arum maciilaliim (n.Sc.) ; (2) Nymphaea alba, water-lily
(n.Bck.); (3) The bunch of edible foliaceous ligaments
attached to the stalk of Badderlocks or Hen-ware, Fucus
esciiUiiUis (Jaji.).
BOBBINS, A-6.^/i/. Dev. Various reptilian vertebrae.
Dev. Several of these bones found by a man working in a stone
delph were described to me as bobbins, N. & O. (1877) 5th S.
vii. 116.
BOBBIN 'WINDING, />/;r. Lan. A term of disparage-
ment or ridicule.
Lan. That's all bobbin winding (S.W.). e.Lan.'. s.Lan. (F.E.T.)
BOBBISH, adj. Chs. Stf. Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. Brks.
Bdf Lon. Hut. e.An. Ken. Hmp. Wil. Som. [bobij.]
1. In good health and spirits, lively, cheerful ; gen. used
with pretty.
Chs.' 3 s.Chs.' Wei, aay bin yi au- dhiis mauTnin ? — Oa-, bobish
[Well, hai bin ye aw this mornin' ? — Oh, bobbish]. Stf. on aiz
moSar Dainz Sis morning ? — Ou, bobis loik. Lei."- Nhp.'; Nlip.^
How bist 'e ?— Purty bobbish, thankee. War.3, Shr.' 2, Brks.'
Bdf. Its purty goodish, bobbish, like, Y-Li-ls Pronunc. (1889) V. 206.
Lon. When times were ' pretty bobbish,* they clubbed together
for a good supper of tripe, Maviiew Lond. Labour (1851) 11. 42.
Hrt. (T.P.F. ■), e.An.', Suf.' Ess. He now declared That he was
bobbish, Clark y. A'o<i/Ys(i8.-i9) 16. Ken. (P.M.), Hmp.' Wil.
DRiTT0NZ;ra/r/.Ys;iS23) ; Wil.' Som. (J.S.F..S.) ; (F.A.A.)
Hence Bobbishly, adv. pretty well, clever!}'. e.An.'
2. Conceited, foppish. Stf.^
BOBBIT
[321]
BOD
BOBBIT, /i/i/. adj. Sc. [bobit.] Having an uneven
surface ; ornamented with tassels. Cf. bob, sb}
Lnk. Wale out the whitest of my buljbit bands, Ramsay Genlle
S/iep. (1725) II. i. Edb. i,W.G.)
BOBBLE, sb} Cor. [bo-bl.] A pebble.
Cor. A^. &■■ Q. (1854) 1st S. X. 179 ; Thomas Randigal Rhymes
(iSps) Gl.; Cor.'2
[Repr. ME. pobbel, a pebble. For vche a pobbel in
pole . . . Watj Enierad, saH'er, o^cv gemme gente, The
Peart (c. 1360) 117, in Atlil. P. 4. OE. papol (popd) -slaii,
pebble.]
BOBBLE, si.^ Ayr. (Jam.) A slovenly fellow.
BOBBLE, sb.^ and v. "Wor. Som. Cor. [bobl.]
1. sb. A ground swell of the sea.
Cor.' An ugly bobble in the sea ; Cor.*
2. V. To bob up and down. ^
s.Wor. (H.K.), Som. (.VV.F.R.), Cor.*
BOBBS, sb. pi. Stf. Clay in which potters stood their
wares to prevent them from sticking to the ' shrager.'
Stf. (K.) ; Stf.i
BOBBY, sb.^ War. Wor. Dev. [bobi.] The robin.
War. 2, s.War.i, Wor. (J.W.R), Dev.^
BOBBY, s6.* Sc. [bobi.]
1. A grandfather.
n.Sc. Oa*'') Abd. And the tvva bobbies were baith fidging fain,
That they had gotten an oj-e o' their ain, Ross lldenore (1768) 11,
ed. 1812 ; Not usual (G.W.X
2. A familiar name for the devil ; .if^M. used with aiild.
Sc. (Jam ) Abd. He'd meet auld Coby, ere he met wi' me,
Shirricfs Poems (1790) 87 ; (A.W.)
BOBBY, .si.3 Nhb. [bo'bi.] The 'pink of perfection,'
neatness, smartness.
N.Cy.' Nlib.' An' Willy thou, wi' the jacket blue. Thou was the
varra Bobby, O ! Selkirk Swaluell Hoppiii (c. 1843).
BOBBY, adj. Chs. Wor.
L In good health and spirits. Chs.^ See Bobbish.
2. Smartly dressed, ' brushed up.'
ne.Wor. She's quite bobby in her new hat (J.W.P.),
BOBBY-COCKER, see Bobbin-cocker.
BOBBY-DAZZLER, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. [bobi-
dazlslr).]
1. Anything striking or excellent of its kind ; a fine,
handsome woman.
w.Yks. Mi new frock's a reight bobby-dazzler (S.K.C.). Lan.
N. & Q. (18661 3rd S. X. 290. m.Lan.' A lass is a bobby-dazzlcr
when hoo's gctten a new frock on. s.Chs. ' Dhur wuz u bob-i-
daaz lur ut dhu stee-shun dhus mauTnin; 60 woz u buk-sCim l.ias
[There was a Bobby-dazzlcr at the station this mornin' ; hoo was
a buxom lass]. Stf.* Wei, Jim, thci ast marid 3 bobi-dazlor !
You mun kum an sei ar nou os ; its a reglar bobi-dazlar.
2. A silly person or saying ; a m.id action.
w.Yks. He s nobbud shot a man. — Gow, that's a bobby dazzler !
Leeds Sol. Jni. (Dec. 1895) 3, col. i. s Chs.' Wei, ey )z li praal-i
bob'idaaz'lur [Well, hey's a pratty bobby dazzler]. Well, that's
a bobbvdazzler, that is.
BOBBY-WREN, ii. Nrf. The wren, Troglody/es par-
vtitus.
Nrf. Swainson Birds (1885) 35.
BO-BELL, sb. Lan. A little bell given to a child as
a plaything.
Lan. :S.W.\eLan.l
BOB JOLLY, phr. Suf. A mess ; the result of leaving
things to take care of themselves.
Suf. Raven Hist. Suf. (1895) 264 ; Very common among elderly
people. It implies not inaction, but action of the wrong kind.
He made a reg'lar bob jolly of that job ( F.H.).
BOB-O^WLER, sb. Stf War. Wor. Also in form bob
bowler War.* ; bob-howler War. ; bob-owlet War.^
s.Wor.' ; hob-bowler War. Any large moth. Cf. owl
(a moth), oulud.
Stf. I G. E. D. ) ; The th ick-bodied moths are called ' Bob-owlcrs,
Science Gossip (1878) 283. War. In some parts of the country,
and s.War. esp., also called ' Hob-Bowler.' D'ham. Dy. Mail
(Feb. 19, 1896); War.*3 s.Wor. (H.K.) ; s.Wor.'
BOB-ROBIN, sb. Sc. War. Won Wil. [bo'b-robin.]
The robin redbreast, Erilhaais iid/mda.
Sc. Swainson Buds 11885 13. War.^ w.Wor. It be our
beadle, sir, that be, though he baynt much to look at now — not
VOL. I.
more than a young Bob robin, as he hasn't got his red breast,
Benow's Jrn, (^Mar. 10, 1888). Wil. Never called robin simply
(^K.M.G.).
BOB'S-A-DYING, phr. Nhb. Yks. Dor. Dev. Also in
forms bobs-a-dial, bobs-a-dilo e.Yks.' A great ' row' or
racket ; boisterous merriment.
Nhb.' What a liob's-a-dying they made ! e.Yks.' Dor. She
used to kick up Bob's-a-dying tA the least thing in the world,
Hardy Greeinvd. Tree (1872) vi ; She threatened to run aw-ay
from him, and kicked up Bob's-adying. and I don't know what,i'i.
Elhctberia (1876) II. 309. *Dev. Ef thee arten ago out lU work
avore yer vather cometh iiitii ouze, there'll be bobs-a-dying wi' 'e,
Heweit Pens. Sp. (1892 .
BOBY, sZi. Ken. Dor. A ' scry' or sieve for separating
tail barley from head. Also used attrib.
Ken. Gen. called barley boby ; sometimes 'boby ' or 'buby scry'
(P.M.i. n.Dor. (S.S.B.)
BOG, int. Not.* [bok.] Word of command addressed
to a plough-horse : turn to the left !
BOCHANT, adj. Obs. Wil. Of a girl: romping,
forward.
Wil. Grose (1790") ; Obs. (G.E.D.) ; Wil.'
BOCK, V. Cor. [bok.] To shy. See Balk.
Cor.' The horse bocked at the hedge.
BOCK, see Boke.
BOCKEN, see Boken.
BOCKIE, sb. S. & Ork.' [bo ki.] A hobgoblin.
[Cp. Norw. dial, bokkc, a holigolilin, spectre (Aaskn).]
BOCKING, sb. Lan. [bo'kin.] A kind of coarse
flannel, or unfinished cloth.
e.Lan.' s.Lan. Bamfhud Dial. (1854').
[So named fr. the village Bocking in Essex. Colchester
and its neighbourhood was once well known for its
manufacture of baize; see Chambers Cyclop. (1788) s. v.
Bays.}
BOCKLE, sb. Cor. [bo'kl.] A supernatural appearance,
a cross between ghost and goblin. Cf boggle.
Cor. The minors believe them the restless souls of the Jews
who formerly worked in the tin-mines, Botterell Trad. 3rd S. 193.
BOCKLE, see Buckle.
BOCO, ii. Sus. Also written hocoo. A large quantity ; .
used principally offish : a good haul.
Sus. The Hastings fishermen have ' bocoes ' of fish, Tendall
Guide to Hastings; When we have a good haul of fish we call it
a bocoo (A.S.P.l; Muulhty Pkt. (1874) 178; He leathered de boss
wud he's gurt stout wip till a boco ov fob hung on un, Jackson
Suiillm-ard Ho ;i894) I. 389 ; Sus.'
[Fr. biaucoiip, a great deal, much.]
BOD, v."- and si.' Yks. [bod.]
1. V. To do odd jobs ; to potter about in a leisurely
manner.
w.Yks. One o' them *ats alius boddin an' doin jobs they niver
saived ther time to, Hartlbv Clock Aim. (1867) 43: T'owd
gardener o' t'spot happened to be boddin .-ibaht, Yks. ]Vl.ly. I^ost
(Mar. 14, 1896) ; Seldom used except by farmers or old men,
Leeds Men: Siippl. (Dec. 27, 1890:; (P.H.R.); J.T.)
2. sb. An amateur repairer, a Jack-of-all-tradcs.
w.Yks. He's nobbut a bit ov a bod at his wark (.iE.B.); Leeds
Merc. Siippl. iNov. 14, 1891).
3. Work done by an inexperienced Jack-of-all-trades.
Cf. bodge. w.Yks. (J.T.)
BOD, s6.* Sc. Obs. A person of small size, a dwarf.
Cf bodgel.
Sc. I Jam.) Abd. In use fifty years ago, esp. as a nickname for
a short man (J M.).
BOD, sb.^ Sc. [bod.] A personal invitation.
Sc. Distinguished from Bodeword, which denotes an invitation
by means of a letter or messenger (Jam.).
[Cp. ME. bod, bode, message. Joscp . . . sende? ¥e bode
¥at he liue¥. Gen. &^ E.i: (c. 1250) 2383. OE. bod.]
BOD, sb.* S. & Ork.' [bod.] The motion of the sea
fretting upon the shore, or in a heavy swell ; the impetus
given by a wave to a floating object.
[ON. bodi, a breaker announcing hidden rocks ; a fig.
mg. of boji, a messenger, a foreboder (Fritznek).
BOD, i'.* Nhb.' [bod.] To command.
[Cp. ON. boda, to bid, order.]
T t
BOD
[322]
BODE
BOD, /"/. Lin. An exclamation of surprise or pain.
n.Lin.' Bod lass ! bud thoo did mak my heart to'n oher.
BOD(E, sb. Sc. In prov. phr. New bod, new shod,
afresli, with renewed effort. See Bode, sb.'^
Sc. A common phr. in regard to anj'thing in which one has not
succeeded on a former attempt, ' I'll begin new bod, new shod'
(Jam.). n.Sc, The phr. in common use is * New shot new bode/
as ' He left off drinkan, but he's at it again, new shot new bode'
(W.G.).
BOD, see Bad, Bode.
BODACH, sb. Sc. Irel. Also written bodagli, boddagh,
bodough Irel. [bodax]
1. An old man. Sc. (Jam. Suppl.)
2. A churl ; freq. a wealthy churl, a miser.
Ir. Hut ! he's none of your proud, upsthart bodaghs, Carleton
Trails Peas. (,1843') I. 15; (G.M.H.) ; A term of contempt in
common use (P.J.M.). Wxf. Many a purse-proud bodagh and
hoity-toity farmer's wife, Kennedy Banks Boro ( 1867) 161. Tip.
Put himself in the way of being insulted by any old boddagh,
KicKHAJi Knockiiagmv, 353.
3. A familiar name for the devil. (Jam. Suppl.)
4. A spectre, hobgoblin.
Sc. I have seen the Bodach Glas [Grey Spectre], Scorr JVaverley
(1814) lix. n.Sc. In ye binna quayet the bodach ill cum doon the
lum an' tak ye (W.G.).
5. A person of small stature.
n.Sc. The new doctor's jist a wee bit bodach (W.G.).
[1, 2. Gael, bodach, an old churlish man, a countryman
(Macleod & Dewar) ; also Ir. (O' Reilly), 4. So used
in Gael. (M. & D.)]
BODAGH, see Bodach.
BODAR, sb. Obs. Ken. Also written boader. An
officer of the Cinque Ports charged with the duty of
conveying official messages, levying sums of money, and
executing warrants.
Ken. Item, paid to the Boader when he brought proclamation
concerning his Majesty's pleasure to lay aside a hostility with the
King of Spaine, Dec. 13, 1631, Woodruff Hist, Fordmkh, 42;
Ken.i
[Der. of ME. boden, to announce ; OE. bodiaii ; cp.
Bod, i^.«]
BODDAGH, see Bodach.
BODDEN, see Bodin, Burden.
BODDER, sb. and v. Cum. Wm. n.Yks. Lan. Dial,
pron. of bother.
BODDLE, sb} Obsol. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Stf. Der. Lin. Also in forms baudle w.Yks.^ Der.^ ;
booadil n.Yks.^ ; boadle w.Yks.'; bodle Sc. Dun' Cum.
w.Yks."* Lan.' Chs.' nw.Der.' n.Lin.'; bodwill n.Yks.^ ;
bogle Stf.2 [bodl, bodl, b(?3dl.]
1. A small copper coin, worth two pennies Scots, or
one-sixth of an English penny; used in the sense of a
comparatively worthless thing.^
Sc. They wad hae seen my father's roof-tree fa' down . . .
before they wad hae gien a boddle a' piece to have propped it up,
Scott S/. Rouatt (1824 1 ii. Abd. The ne'er a boddle mair I'll spend
On ale or liquor, Beatties Payings ( 1801 ) 38, ed. 1873. Fif. For
Paip's anathema orbanCar'dnotabodleonie man, '\zun\^t Papistry
(1827) 212. Dmb. The dead languages are no worth a boddle
to onybody, Cross Disruption (18441 x. Ayr. Fair play, he car'd
na deils a boddle. Burns Tarn o' SImnter (,1787) 1. no. n.Cy.
Border Gl. {Cotl. L.L.B.); Grose (1790. Nhb.> Dur.' I have
heard the coin spoken of, and have some reason to believe that it
must have been in use in Teesdale in the early part of last century.
' I dinna care a bodle for ye.' Cum. When I was a boy a catch
question was, ' If one pound and half of butter cost ^d., how much
per pound was it ? ' The answer to be given in money — twopence and
(our bodies, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 3, 1891). n.Yks.* I wadn't ware
a booadil on't ; n.Yks.^ w.Yks. I don't care a bodle, Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (Dec. 27, i8go) ; Aw vvill'nt gie thi a hawpn'y — noa yet
a bodle ! Hartley Tales, 2nd S. 59 ; w.Yks.'* ; w.Yks.^ He pays
a penny bodle for his land [a penny and a half-farthing per yard] ;
w.Yks.* Lan. Aw'll not bate a bodle, Waugh Siicck-Bant (1868)
iii : Lan.' 1st naw hav one boadle t'spere o meh hoyde silver,
Tim Bobbin U'ks. (ed. 1750^ 55. Chs.' Stf.* Oi anar gotn a
bougl [1 haven't a farthing]. nw.Der.' n.Lin.' I don't care a bodle
for naaither you nor him.
2. A bad farthing. Der.'
3. Comp. Boddle-pieces, small coin, a paltry sum of
money.
Sc. You are to hang for a dirty murder about boddle-pieces,
Stevenson Catrioim 1 1895) vi. Lan. An old saying was 'He's not
worth a bodle-piece,' Mamb. City Aews (Dec. 12, 1896^.
BODDLE, sb.' n.Cy. A small iron instrument which
woodmen use for peeling oaks and other trees.
n.Cy. (Hall.) Nlib. I believe this term is still in use (R.O.H.) ;
Nhb.i
BODDLE, sb.^ Ess.' Dial. pron. of bottle.
BODDLE, see Buddie.
BODDLE-PIN, sb. Nhb. A large pin for fastening
clothes together.
n.Nhb. Also called beggar's pin (R.O.H.).
BODDOM, sb. and v. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. 'Wm. Yks.
Lin. Dev. Also written boddum S. & Ork.' Dur.' Cum.'
ne.Yks.' e.Yks.' w.Yks.' ; boddam Cum. Wm. w.Yks.
Dev. ; boddim Elg. Dev. ; bodm Wm.' Dial. pron. of
bottom.
BODE, s4.' Obs. ? Sc. n.Cj\ A portent. See Bode, i'.'
Ayr. Mizy . . . was just an oracle of sagacity at expounding
di-eams and bodes, Galt yliin- Paristt fi82i) iii. n.Cy. iHall.)
[The oule eek, that of dethe the bode bringeth, Chaucer
Pari. Follies, 343.]
BODE, sb.' Sc. Nhb. _Dur. Cum. Also written bod
(Jam.) ; bwode Cum.' [bod.]
1. A bid, a price offered. Cf bud. See Bode, v.'
Sc. It is time he were gane, if he doubles his bode that gate,
Scott Nigel (1822) xxxi. e.Sc. Tamwas aye the first to put a bode
in for flag-money, Setoun Sunshine (1895) vi. Bnff. \n gen. use
(W.G.). Abd. Seem ye content to hald her to her bode, Ross
Helenore (1768) 55, ed. 1812 ; In common use (W.M.(. Ayr. 1 m.\v
as well give a bode too ; so I say fourteen hundred, Galt Entail
(1826) xxxvi. Edb. I would on no account or consideration give him
a bode for the Hessian boots. Mom Mahs/c IVaucli (1828) 56. N.Cy.'
Nlib.' ' Will any one give me a bode ? ' asks an auctioneer. ' An un-
lucky bode ' is a bid which happens to be made for anything not for
sale. A horsedealer in passing a farm took a fancy to a horse which
he saw and made a bode ot ;£6o for it. The farmer said it was not
for sale, and that no money would induce him to part with it. Next
day the horse was found dead in a field, where it had impaled itself
on a sharp stob. This was said, in the year 1888, to have been owing
to the ' unlucky bode.' Dur.i Cum. Pyoi/.Thou'U have war bodes
ere Belton [May-day] (K.) ; Cum.'
Hence Bodeable, marketable, likely to be bid for
(Jam.).
2. The price asked by the vendor.
Sc. Yc're ower young and ower free o' your siller — ye should
never take a fish-wife's first bode, Scott Antiquary (18161 xxxix.
[1. pe beggere (buyer) ecne^ his bode, and swere'S Jiat
he nele more geuen, Horn. (c. 1250), ed. Morris, IL 213.
OE. bod.]
BODE, v} Sc. Nhb. Wm. Also Glo. Oxf. Brks. Dev.
Also in forms boad Glo.; booard Brks.'; boord Oxf;
bord Glo.' [b5d.]
1. To foretell, announce ; to portend.
Sc.Winterthunder bodes summer hunger, Ramsay Prov. (1737);
Dirt bodes luck, Henderson Prov. (1832) 13. n.Sc. Swecrfowk's
aye bodin ill weather ( W.G.). Elg. The gowden cock ; He bodes
the coming light, Couper Touripcations (180;^) i. Kcd. The stormy
sky abeen 'im Boded forth the stormy life That awaited Littlcfirlot,
Grant Lays (1884) 80. Nhb. It bodes ill for the lad's future.
In common use (R.O.H. ). Wm. It bodes bad luck when ya pyatt
[magpie] flees ower t'rooad 'at front o' yan (B.K.). Glo.i Oxf.'
Dhai evi kluuwdz boo'rdz rain [They 'eavy clouds boords rain].
Um wunt kuum aa rtuur aul, uuy boo rdz ['Em wunt come arter
all, I boords]. s Oxf.'I boords wet,' said theshepherd,sententious!y,
Rosemary Cliiltcrns (18951.
Hence Boded, ppl. adj. 'overlooked,' marked for death.
Obs.
Dev.' A look'th a-boded, that's a zure thing, es vlcsh hang'th so
flabby about en, 20.
2. To expect, look for ; to desire.
Sc. God send you the warld you bode, and that's neither scant
nor want. Bode gude and get it, Henderson Prov. (1832) 72, 104 ;
Bode weel and hae weel, Cheviot Prov. { 1896) 64. n.Sc. Bode
a silk gown an' ye'U get a sleeve o't (W.G.). Abd. Bode a house
o' gold an'ye'llgetacabero't (G.W.); (W.M.) Glo. Boad a bagg.
BODE
[323]
BODIN
and beam' [an ill hap falls where it is feared], Smyth Lives of
Berkilrys 1 ed. 1883-51 III. 32. Oxf. I don"t bode rain (W.H.Y.).
Brks.^ I dwo-ant booard no raain to-daay.
Hence Boding, vbl. sb. desiring, striving for.
Per. Boding o' a gown 0' gowd, We'll maybe get the sleeve,
NicoLL Poems (1837) 167.
3. To betoken, to signify.
n.Sc. He cam into the meetan wi' a face as red's a coal. A kent
that bodit naegueede(W.G.). Lth. Their red-faced drivers breathe
steam through the weet, That bodes a fire in their drouthy insides,
Ballantine Poems (1856) 23.
[1. Hi . . . bodeden ures hlafordes to-cyme, Hoiu.
(c. 1175) ed. Morris, I. 235. OE. bodiaii, to announce.]
BODE, v.^ Sc. To oftcr with insistence. Cf. bode, sb.'
Sc. He did na merely offer, but he boded it on me (Jam.). n.Sc.
He bodit a five poun-note on im fin he peed awa (W.G.). Dmb.
I'll no bode siilcr on ony body, Cross Di&ruptwii (1844) xviii.
Hence Boden (bodden), ppl. adj. in prov. phrases :
proffered, promised.
Sc. Boden gear stink aye [promised goods are of little avail],
Kelly Co//. /'rat;. (1721) 43; Ramsay Pcou. (1737) ; Grose (1790
MS. add. (C.) [He that lippens to boden ploughs, his land
will lie ley, Ray Prov. (1678) 391, ed. i860.]
BOD(E, V? Yks. e.An. Pict. oi bid, to offer a price.
e.An.' He bode me 2S. Suf.' I bod em tew shillings for't.
Hence Bodden, pp. offered as a bid. Cf. bid.
n.Yks.^ Ah'd ten pund an' a crown bodden me.
BODE, see Board.
BODEMENT, sb. Dor. (?) An ill omen. [Not known
to our correspondents.]
Dor. Breaking a key is a dreadful bodement, Hardy Madding
Crowd (1874) xx.xiii.
BODEN, see Bodin.
BODE(N, see Bide.
BODE'WORD, see Bodword.
BODGE, s6.' Ken. Sur. Sus. [bodg.]
1. A flat oblong scuttle or basket, of wood or iron, used
for carrj'ing garden produce, coal, refuse, &c.
Ken. Also called trug ^P.M.) ; (W.H.E.) ; Ken.' The bodge now
holds an indefinite quantity, but formerly it was used as a peck
measure. Sur.'
2. An odd measure of corn, left over after the bulk has
been measured into quarters and sacks.
Ken. Dere's 20 quarter un' a 'a'f, un' dat dere bodge (P.M.) ;
Ken.' Just carry this bodge of corn to the stable.
3. A water-barrel.
Sus. (F.K.E.); Sus.'
[2. To the last bodge of oats and bottle of hay, Jonson
New Inn (1631) I. i, ed. Cunningham, II. 346.]
BODGE, sb.^ Yks. Chs. Stf. Lin. War. VVor. Shr. Brks.
Lon. e.An. Wil. [bodg.]
1. A clumsy piece of workmanship ; anuntidy or clumsy
patch. Cf botch.
s.Chs.' Of clumsy sewing : Sey wot u boj <5oV maid on it ! [sey
what a bodge hoo's made on it !] Stf.' ; Stf.' Oi set th' journey-
man o' puttin a fresh tap on, an c's made a reg'lar bodge on it.
n.Lin.i, War.^, Wor. (J.W.P. 1, Shr.' Brks., Lon. A swelling,
or thick place, especially in anything made of cloth, cotton, leather,
or any similar material, generally caused by bad mending. 'You
could put a piece on outside, and braze it [broken wheel of a
bicycle] together; but then that makes a bodge' (W.H.E.\ Nrf.
If I wus to imitate to mend it, 'twould only be a bodge after all
(W.R.E.). Suf. A regular bodge of a job (M.E.R.) ; Suf.' Dew it
kiender tidily now, an don't make a bodge on't, Wil. (W.H.E.)
2. A clumsy worker.
w.Yks. He's nobbut a bodge ! Leeds Merc. Siipfil. (Nov. 14, i8gil
Hence (i) Bodger, sb. a clumsy, unskilful worker; (2)
Bodging, vbl. sb. doing odd jobs, bungling; (3) ppl. adj.
clumsy, badly done ; (4) adv. in a bungling fashion.
(i) Stf.2 War.2; War.3 He is such a bodger at his work. (2)
w.Yks. He was particularly good at ' bodgin' abaht,' Hartley Clock
Aim. (1874) 34. s.Ctis.' Layk uz iv do kud'lnu wuurk widhaayt
boj'in [like as if hoo couldna work withait bodgin']. (3) w.Yks.
It's a bodgin' job (iE.B.^ ; Leeds Mcrc.Sii/>/>l. (Nov. 14, 1891^ Stf.2
What a bodgin job thei's meed u that bit o' peentin'. (4) Suf.'
3. Fiff. Nonsense.
Stf.^'lt's all bodge !
[1. Sbossi, bodges, or bunger-Iike workes, Florio ( 1598).]
BODGE, K.' Yks. Chs. Stf Not. Lin. Rut. Nhp. War.
Wor. Shr. Hrf e.An. [bodg.]
1. To repair awkwardly ; gen. to do work clumsily or
roughly.
w.Yks. Don't get Jack to du t'job. he'll nobbut bodge it, Leeds
Merc. Siippl. (Nov. 14, 1891); w.Yks.* What's tuh bodging at
pretha? 'Bodge' differs from 'botch' in that while the latter
implies more of awkwardness, the former has more of the ludicrous.
A man m.ny be ' botching ' in the matter of real work, but hardly
'bodging' in it. s.Chs.' Used of sewing. Stf.^ Mother, oi wish
yo'd just bodge mi this hole up I moi dress. Not. (J. II. B.) ; Not.'
n.Lin.' sw.Lin.' Either bodge the old one up. or make it all new.
Rut.i, Nhp.', War.2, Wor. J.W.P.) Shr.' I canna-d-awilde to
mend it properly, so I mun bodge it up. e.An.' Nrf. (W. R. E. );
Nrf.i Suf. (F.H.) ; Suf.'
Hence (i) Bodger, sb. a clumsy tailor; (2) Bodgin, ppl.
adj. used as adv. : in a bungling manner.
(i) War. (J.W.R.) ; War.' Suf. The warmest burgess wears
a bodger's coat, Crabbe Doroitgh (iSiOyj (M.E.R.) (2) Suf.
(M.E.R.); Suf.'
2. To fill up holes in a hedge with croppings called
browse. Cf boodge.
H.f. (W.W.S.^ ; Hrf.2
3. To press down, to ram.
n.Lin.' Mind an' bodge th' muck aroond that stohp well, or it
weant stan fast.
4. To do odd jobs ; to fidget about. Cf bod.
w.Yks. Whether onny on ya's bodged abaht mitch for t'wife,
SaiiiiUrer's 5a/f/;f/ (1881 1 50 ; Of one with a restless disposition
it would be remarked ' He's always bodging about on his feet
(B.K.1.
5. To boggle, to fail. e.An.'
[1. Bodge, to botch, to patch. Levins Maiiip. (1570) ;
Bodge or botch olde clothes, sarcio, Huloet (1552).]
BODGE, V.' Stl. Sus. (?) In phr. Co bodge, or bodge
azvay, get along ! nonsense !
Stf.' Oh— goo bodge thee! Oi've had enough o' thoi bletherin.
Sus. Bodge awa wid ya, Jackson Soutlnvard Ho (1894) I. 251.
BODGE, v.^ and sb.^ Stf War. Wor. Glo.
L V. To prod, or pierce with a pointed instrument.
Stf.' s.Wor. 'A udn't shift till thahv bodged 'im, a wuz despret
standy (H.K.). Stf., War., Wor., Glo". NorVhall Flk-Plir. (1894).
2. sb. A push with the end of a stick ; a goading.
s.Wor. 'E gan the cow a bodge to make 'er muv (H.K.).
BODGE, see Bulge.
BODGEL, sb. Sc. A little man. Cf bod.
Bnff. (W.G.), Lth. (Jam.)
BODGER, i4.' "yks. [bo'dgaCr).] A schoolboy's marble
of the commoner sort.
w.Yks. Also called Stoaandy, Leeds Merc. Siippl. i^Nov. 14, 1891).
BODGER, 56.' II rt. See Badger, s6.'
Hrt. Ellis Mod. Hush. (1750).
BODIKINS, ;■;;/. Obsol. Lan.e.An. A disguised oath,
expressing geii. surprise or anger. See Odsbodikins.
Lan. Occas. in use by ver}' old people. ' Ods botlikins ' ^S.W.) ;
Roby Trad. (1872I if. 88. e.An.' Suf. (F.H.) ; Not used now,
but heard some years ago (M.E.R.X
[Bodykins, Master Page, though I now be old and of
the peace, if I see a sword out, my finger itches to make
one, SiiAKs. Merry ]V. 11. iii.]
BODILY, adv. Nlib. Wm. Lin. Ken. [bodili.]
1. All at once ; entirely, completely.
Nhb. Aal on yc gan, noo, bodily [said to a crowd of people in
clearing them off] (R.O.H.'). Wm. Ah's bodily weary wi' thi
alius grunilin' (B.K.) ; Wm.' Tom's boddily ruined. n.Lin.' He
carriefl all th' plums awaa^' bodily.
2. Phr. Bodily ill, ill of a disease affecting the general
health, as opposed to a local ailment.
Ken. (^P. M.l ; Ken.' A person ill with bronchitis, fever, shingles,
would be bodily-ill ; but of one who had hurt his hand, sprained
his ankle, or broken his leg, they would say : ' Oh, he's not, as
you may say, bodily-ill.'
BODIN, ppl. adj. Obs.? Sc. n.Cy. Also written
bodden n.Cy. ; boden (Jam.) S. & Ork.' ; bodyn (Jam.).
Prepared, provided.
Sc. Bodin in all that effeirs to war as if they were to do battle
for a kingdom, Scott Monastery 1 1820) xxxiii ; The waddin was
bodin wi' guests, Henderson Si. Mali. (1862) xxii. 10 ; For my part
T t 2
BODKIN
[324 J
BOFF
of the feast It is well knawin I am well bodin, Ramsay Tea-Table
Misc. (1724) I. 176, ed. 1871; A young woman is said to be
' weil bodin the ben ' when she has laid in a good stock of clothes,
&c. ijAM.) S. & Ork.i n.Cy. Border Gt. 1 Coli. L.L.B.)
[Stude wacheing, bodin with bow, spe3T, and targe,
'DovGi-AS Encados (1513), ed. 1874, iii. 222; I trow he
suld be hard to sla, And he war bodyn all evynly,
Barbour Bruce (1375) vii. 103. ON. bbiiitn, ready, pre-
pared for service, pp. of bjuSa.]
BODKIN, sb} Not. Lin. Dev. [bo-dkin.]
1. In thatching : a wooden tool for holding down the
thatch during the operation of paring. nw.Dev.'
2. The case in which scliool-children keep their pencils.
sw.Lin.l Probably so called from its likeness to a bodkin case.
3. A team of three horses, yoked two abreast behind,
and one in front.
sw.Lin.' Sometimes called Unicorn. We have been ploughing
bodkin to-day.
4. Conip. (i) Bodkin-fashion, of yoking horses : two
behind and one in front ; (2) -team, a team of three
horses yoked two behind and one in front.
(i^ Not.3 (2) n.Lin.i
BODKIN, sA.2 Som. Also written batkin. A bar
forming part of the harness for a plough, the horses
being attached one to each end, and the plough fastened
by a chain to the centre.
Som. W. & J. CI. (1873). w.Som.i In working with oxen no
baud 'kin or baat'kin is needed, because the leading chain passes
direct from the suU to the centre of the j'oke. [Bodkins, draught-
trees. Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863).]
BODLE, see Boddle.
BODLER, sb. Nhb.i [bo'dlar.] A large pin, used to
fasten a shawl or plaid. Cf. boddle-pin.
BODLEY, sb. Dev. A kitchen range or stove, named
after its inventor, Geo. Bodley.
Dev.^ An ornamental cast iron fireplace, used in the best
kitchens of larm-houses, taking the place of the old-fas!iioned open
heartli. nw.Dev.^ The universal name for a particular form of
cooking range, which comprises an oven and a fountain on either
side of the fireplace. s.Dev. (^F.W.C.)
BODM, see Boddom.
BODOM, sb. (Jam. Siippl.) Also written bodoum.
A tub, barrel ; also a ship. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.]
[ON. bo^n, a barrel ; cp. Norvv. dial, buna (for budnn^,
a w-ater-vessel (Aasen). Cogn. w. OE. bycleti; MHG.
biilen (Lexer).]
BODOUGH, see Bodach.
BODWILL, see Boddle.
BODWORD, sb. Obs. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Also written
bodeword (Jam.) n.Yks.''
1. A message, invitation ; a precept ; cf. bidding, bod.
Sc. (Jam.), n.Sc. (W.G.), n.Yks.2
2. An ominous or ill-natured message, a prediction or
portent. Cf bode, sb.^ [Not known to our corre-
spondents.]
Sc. They maun ken little wha never heard the bodword of the
family, Mamoge (i8i8) II. 30 (Jam.\ n.Cy. Grose (1790) MS.
add. i.e.-, {U. , and ■ P.) ; N.Cy.^ Nhb.' Probably obs.
[1. He spak with him . . . With glaid bodword, thar
myrthis till amend, IVallacc (1488) 11. 344; Codes bode-
wurd bringe ic. Gen. 6-= E.x. (c. 1250) 2880.]
BODY, sb. Van dial, uses in Sc. Ircl. and Eng.
Written bodie Sc.
1. A person, any one, oneself; f;cii. implying that the
person indicated belongs to the humbler classes, or is in
some way an inferior.
Sc. A crack in the Parliament House with other lawyer bodies,
Stevenson Calrioiia (1895) ii. Abd. Noo beast an' bodie will be
brawly sair'd, Ciiidnian o' Iiiglisitinil! (iS-j^) 28. Fif. Great bangs
of bodies thick and rife, Gaed to Sanct Andrae's town, Tennant
Pafiislry (1827) i. Dmb. If a body may use the freedom o' sayin'
sae, Cross Disniptioii (1844) ii. Ayr. Yet crooning to a body's
sel Does weel enough, Burns E/l tu Lapraik (Apr. i, 1785). Gall.
That's the cunnin' o' the body, Crockett Bog-Myrtic (1895) 200.
Uls. Uls. Jrn. Arch. (1853-62). Nhb. Neythur body nor beast
Eoud be owre positive, Richardson Borderer's Table-bk. (1846
VII. 136; Nhb.^ Times ha'e been when a body's been axt out te
tea, Charlton Ncivc. Improvements, Cum. A young laady boddy,
Farkall Bctly Wilson 1^1886) 82. Wm. Hoo cud a body see it et
w^^X, Spec. Dial. (1883^ pt. iii. 2. n.Yks. It was t'best thing a boddy
cud hev, TwEDDELL Clcvcl. Rhymes (1875) 10. w.Yks. Ah wisht at
a boddy cud but a hed a good shive on it, Tom Treddlehoyle
Bainisla Ami. (1859)4 ; w.Yks.^ Lan. It looks too much for one
body, Brierley Cof/crs, xv. Chs. ' She's just such a sharp, stirring
sort of body — ' ' Lady,' said Miss Pole, Gaskell Cran/ord (1853)
viii. Der.' ; Der.^ s.v. Gradely. nw.Der.^ s.Not. I expect you're
too proud to-night Ut talk to a body. Prior Renie (1895) 23.
n.Lin.i, War. (J.'k.W.), Hrf.' Glo. Hewon'tlet a body be (.A B.) ;
GI0.2 w.Som.' A body widn never think they was gwain to be zo
atookt in. Dev, A body don't stop to think of persons then,
Chanter IP'iiJi (18961 14. [U.S.A., Teu. A body can't git along
here, Dial. Notes (1895) 370.]
2. A little or puny person.
Sc. He's but a bodie i^Jam.).
3. In pi. the children, in a fairly numerous family.
Frf., Fif. \n gen. use (J.F.). Fif. Ane of tlie bodies is no weel
(Jam.).
4. Obs. A simpleton.
n.Cy. Grose (1790); N Cy.* Yks. (K.) ; Bailey (i72r\
5. The abdomen.
e.An.^, n.Lin.* sw.Lin.^ I followed him up well with hot bags
at the bottom of his body. w.Som.i Shd puut u llan'een raewii
dhu baudee oa un [should put a flannel round his stomach].
6. The place next to the shaft-horse in a team, the
middle place in a team of three.
Glo.' I shall put the colt in the bod}-, he can't harm there.
7. A large quantity.
e.An.' A body of rain.
8. Coitip. (i) Body-bent, stooping from old age;
(2) -brussen, flatulent, ruptured ; (3) -bun, bound in the
bowels; (4) -clicker, a body-snatcher; (5) -clothes,
wearing apparel, as opposed "to bedclothes ; (6) -clout,
a piece of iron which adjoins the body of a cart or tumbrel,
and its wheels ; (7) -gargle, a fever to which cows are
subject ; (8) -l-.orse, the middle horse in a team ; (9)
-shappers, makers of garments ; (10) -staff, a piece of
wood on the body of a wagon.
(i) n.Yks.2 (2) n.Yks. Leeds Merc. Snppl. (Xov. 14, 1891).
(3,4) n.Yks. 2 (51 n.Sc. It is v^ry common to hear the question
when one dies, ' What will be done with his [her] bodv-clothcs?*
(W.G.) Abd. (W.M.);' (G.W.) (6) Shr.2 (7) Chs.i, s.Chs.»
(8) n.Lin.i, Lei.' Nhp.' In some parts of the county the team is
not used unless the team consists of four horses, in which case the
shaft horse is the thiller, the second the body-horse, the third the
lash, and the fourth the leader or fore-horse; Nhp.^, War, ( J.R.W.),
War.^. s.Wor.' Glo. Smiler was in the body yesterday, Lewes
Prov. JJ'ds. [ 1839 I ; Glo.', Oxf.i Brks.' The horse next in front
of the ' thiller.' Bif.BATCHELOR Anal. Eng. Lang. (i8og\ I.W.'*
Dor. Barnes Poems (1863) Gl. (s.v. Hoss\ Som. 'W. Sc J. Gl.
(1873V w.Som.i Baud-ee au-s. When breaking a colt to harness,
it is usual to put him in this way between two steady horses.
This is called putting the colt in the body in distinction to in the
shafts. [Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863^] (9) n.Yks.^ (10) War.
(Hall\ Wor. (U.K.)
9. Phr. (I) A' body's bodie, a universal favourite, one easily
swayed by others, a time-server ; (2) body o' me, an ex-
clamation of surprise ; (3) body of trade, a miscellaneous
assortment of things ; (4) out of the body, intensely
anxious.
II I Lih. She smiled an' she smirkit till a', man, Growing a' body's
body, baith muckle and wee, Ballantine Poems (1856) 85 ; Often
used disparagingly of a time-server (A.W. 1. (2) Lan. Bod3' o' me,
but you're grown wouudily humoursome, Rosy Trad. (1872) II.
301. [Body o' me! that was old Ben Block, Smollett 7?. /^a«rf<i(ii
(1748) xxiv.] (3) Cor. He went to a cupboard and looked out a
body of trade, sure 'nough, Tregellas Tales (1868) 35. (4) Dmb.
I am just out o' the boddie to sec the monster, Cross Disruption
(1844^ xiii.
BODY-LIKE, adv. Sc. With the whole body com-
plete.
Abd. For all the din she was na dead ; But sitting body-like, as
she sat down, Ross Uclcnorc (1768) 65 (Jam.).
BOES, see Boo.
BOFF, sb. Yks. [bof.] An alarm, a sudden shock.
w.Yks.3 When a lad instructed to alarm a colt by saying ' Boh!'
BOFF
[325]
BOG-BEAN
frigrhtened it completely, the horsebrcaker exclaimed, ' Nay, lad,
that was too grct a boll' for a foil ' [foal].
BOFF, V. Lan. Chs. [bof.] To balk, to head off.
n.Lan. T'fox was ransn' daiin dhis liinii on A boft it, an dhan
t'dogs gat it (W.S.\ Chs.' Aw were just springin to jump, but
he shaitcd ait suddenly an' bofTt me.
BOFFLE, 5/). and j;. Hrt. e.An. Ken. Sur. Sus. Also
written buffle Hrt. e.An.' [bo fl.]
1. sb. A confusion, blunder, mistake.
Nrf. That'll hull him in a buffle, Cozens-Hardy Broarl Nif.
(1873^ 86. Suf. He was all in a bullle (F.H.). Ken. (P.M. , ;
Ken.' If you both run the saamc side, ye he saiifc to liave a bofflc.
Sur.* Sus. Doant ya maak a bollle ov it, Jackson Sotitlnmrd Ho
11894'! I. 200 ; Snsi' If you sends him of a errand he's purty sure
to make a boffle of it.
2. V. To confuse, puzzle, baffle. See Baffle.
Hrt. He was regular buffled like (H.G.). e.An.^ He was kinder
daarntcd and buffled like. Nrf. (A.G.F.)
BOFFLER, sb. Nlip. [bo-fl3(r).] A gaiter, legging.
See Baffles.
Nhp.i The legs of old worsted stockings, or twisted haybands,
applied as gaiters, for agricultural labourers, to protect the feet and
legs from snow ; also called Hoggers and Skoggers, q.v.
BOFIN, sb. Not. A dolt, a dullard.
Not. CW.H.S ) ; Not.i
Hence Bofen-head, a blockhead, a stupid person.
Not. Hole Memoirs (1892' 193.
BOFT, V. Cor. [boft.] Pret. and pp. of vb. to buy ;
bought.
Cor. I boft a new suit. Hicham Dial (1866) 6; And the doat
figs I boft, Dixon Sngs. Eiig. Peas. (1846) 193 ; We haven't boft
no dome for more than thirty eers, Tregellas Tales (ed. 1865)
96; Cor.2
Hence Boften, ppl. adj. Of bread, &c. : bought, not
made at home. Cf. boughten.
Cor.i Boften bread. 'As plum [soft] as boften dough' — applied
to a very foolish person.
[ Pron. of bought, with / for gh as in cough, laugh. Boften
'=bo/t (pp.) + -eii, adj. suff.]
BOG, sb.^ Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks. I.Ma. Chs. Lin.
Wor. Pern. Nrf I.'W.
1. Used altrib. in coiiip.. esp. in names of plants growing
in bogs or marshes: (i) Bog-bell, Aitdrotucda polifolia,
wild rosemary ; (21 -berry, V^acciniwn o.xycoccos, cran-
berry ; (3) -bleater, Calliiiago cnclcslis, the snipe ; (4)
-bull, (5) -bumper, (6) drum, Botatints stellaris, tlie
bittern; (7) -flower, Cardaiiiiiic pralciisis, ladysmock ;
(8) -ginger, Polygoitiiin hydiopiper; (9) -gled, Circus
acrugiiiosus, the marsli-harrier ; do) -hay, liay which is
gathered from uncultivated and marshy ground; (11)
•hole, a place for rubbisli or refuse of any kind ; an ash-
pit; (12) -hop, Mcnyanthcs trifoUata \ (13) -hyacinth.
Orchis ttiascula, 'Adam and Eve,' q.v.; (14) -mint,
a variety of the species Mentha; (15) -myrtle, Mynca
gale; (16) -nut, see -hop; (17) -onion, Osuniuda trgatis,
'flowering' fern ; (t8) -reed, a reed-pipe ; (19) -rhubarb,
(20) -s'-horns, Petasites Vulgaris ; (21 ) -spink. see -flower ;
(22) -stacker, a goblin, a ghost; (23) -stalker, an idle,
lounging fellow ; also in plir. to stand like a bog-slalkcr,
to be in a dilemma, not to know wliich way to turn ; (24)
-strawberry, Coinaniin paliistie, marsh cinquefoil ; (25)
-thrissle, the thistle Cardiius pahistris ; (26) -trefoil, see
-hop ; (27) -trotter, a raider, moss-trooper ; (281 -violet,
Piiiguiciila vulgaris, butterwort ; (29) -wood, the remains
of trees found in peat-bogs.
(O w.Yks. Lees Flora Ii888~i 318. (2^ Ir. She made a fiirit of
looking for bog berries, Barlow Iitylts ( i8ga) 217. (3) Ir. Swain-
son Birds (1885') '92- (4) n.Lin.' (51 Sc. The redoubted fiend
laughed till those on the top took it for the great biltcrn of the
Hartwood, called there the Bog-bumper, Hogg Perils o/Afa>i ( 1822)
111.25 (Jam.>; Swainson iiirrfs (1885'! 146. n.Lin.' Nrf. ' Were
there any bitterns hereabouts when you were a boy?* After much
explanation; * Why, you must main I5og Bumpers,' Jessopp A ready
(1887) ii. [FoRSTER Swallow < 1817183. | 1,6 1 Sc.Ir. Swainson fJiit/s
(1885) 146. 1,71 n.Yks.(I.W.) (8)s.Pem.LAWsLiMet'iii;.(i8S8)
419 (9) Sc. (Jam. ) e.Lth. Swainson Birds (1885)131. (10)
Riif. Wilson View Agrie. (1812 ii2'Jam.). (11) ne.Wor. Theonly
name in use (J.W.P.). da') n.Cy. (13') Kcb. Garden \Vk. (1896)
112. (14) Ir. An' the scent o' the bogmint was sthrong on the
air. Barlow Bog-land (1893") 47. (15 Sc. Where the kingdom of
Galloway's blest With the smell of bog-myrtle and peat, Lang
Rhymes a la Mode. I.W.' (16) Sc. (Jam.) (17I Ir. Cjih.
A homely specific for outward application to sprains or swellings.
This fern was so plentiful thirtj-fivc years ago in w.Cum. that the
fronds were used for covering potato-carts when sent to market
(E.W.P.) ; Cum.' (18) Lth Hoskelpitthe herd, on his bog-reed to
croon, Ballantine Poems (1856) 55. (19, 20) Lin. The hollow
stalks are used by diildren as horns or tnimpcts. (21) Nhb.'
Called also Pinks, or Spinks, Mayflower, and Cuckoo flower. (23)
ih. (23) Lnk. William's a wise, judicious lad. Has ha\ins mair
than e'er ye had, Ill-bred bog-stalker, Ramsay Poems (cd. 1800)
II. 338 (Jam.). Sc. 'To stand or look like a bog-stalker,' said to
be borrowed from the custom of going into bogs ... in quest of
the eggs of wild fowls (Jam.). Nlib.' He wis stannin just like
a bog-stacker. (24) I Ma. (25'! Nhb.' (26) Ifks. (27) w Ir. I'd
be long sorry to let sitch a mallet-headed bog throtter as yourself
take a dirty*advantage o' me, Lover Leg. (1848) I. 232. Cum.*
During the eventful periods of the northern raids, the borderers
were occasionally called Bog-trotters, from being obliged to move
across the extensive mosses in a gentle trot, when a heavy tread
or a short stand would cause immersion or destruction in the
bog. (281 n.Cy. Grose (i79o\ Cum. e.Yks. Marshall Hur.
£fO«. (1788). (29^ N.I.' Chs.' The timber found in bogs consists
chiefly of oak (which is blackened), of birch, and of pine. They
are all used for fuel ; but the straight stems of the pine are cloven
into laths for plasterers' or slaters' use.
2. Fig. A dilemma, a quandary.
Chs.' Oo towd me th' same thing o'er and o'er again till a wur
a\v in a bog.
BOG, 5/; * Chs. [bog.] A bunch of rushes, a tuft of
growing grass.
Chs.' ; Chs.3 A partridge leeted near yon bog. s.Cbs.*
BOG, sb.^ Sc. Yks. Lin. [bog.]
1. A puifj' swelling.
n.Vks.' ' I'uir lahtlc thing! It's head's all iv a bog!' of a child
born with great difficulty, and one side of whose head was in a
state of soft, pufly swcllin,g.
Hence Bog-bellied, adj. corpulent, protuberant. e.Yks.*
2. Coitip. Bog-spavin, a soft swelling on a horse's leg.
Frf. These enlargements are termed wind-galls, bog-spavin, and
thorough-pin. Stephens Farm Bk. (ed. i849> 342. n.Lin.'
[Cp. boggisshe, tuiiiidus. Prompt., ed. Pynson (1499).]
BOG, !».' Sg. Irel. Chs. Der. Not. Also written bag
Chs.* ; bug Not. [bog.] To stick in the mire ; also Jig.
to dumbfounder, to confuse.
Abd. Better ye were mir'd or bopget, Shirrefs Poems (1790)
332. Ir. Where my horse would be found bogged, Time ^Mar.
iSSg") 313; It's on'j- bogged and drenched we'd git, Barlow
Liscoiniel 1 1895^ 45. Chs.' That fair bags me. s.Chs.' Yoa)n bogd
im [Yo'n bogged him]. Der. Baltli.-isar was a native and was not
to be bogged by dialect. Cushino Voe (18U8) ix. s.No'. The boss
wouldn't goo down to the pond for fear o' gettin bugged (J.P.K.).
Hence Jig. Bogging, vbl. sb. defeat in a contest of
wit, &c.
Ir. The terms of defeat or victory, according to their applica-
tion, Avere called sacking and bogging, Carleton Trails Peas.
(1843I I. 275.
BOG, v.^ Chs. Nhp. Bdf. Hnt. Also written bug
s Chs.* [bog.] To go, to budge, to move off; to remove.
6V«. foil, by ajpl Cf. bodge, v.^
s.Chs.' To bog a thing olf into the lumber-room. Nhp.* Come,
hog oH"; Nhp. 2 Bdf. He is hogin olT, Batchelor Anal. Eng.
Lang.[\So!)) 126. Hnt. (T. P. F. )
EOG, I' » Ess. [bog.] To boast.
Ess. Tians. A„/i. Soe. ( 1863^ II. 183 ; Gl. (1851) ; Ess.*
Hence Bog, sb. a boast, boastfulncss.
Ess. Their bog it iiuver ceases, Clark J. JVoakes (1C39) 3-
[Cp. liogge, bold, forward, saucy, Bailey (1721). Cogn.
w. OE. boi;iaii, tt) boast. Liber Scint. xlvi.]
BOG BEAN, sb. Also written -bane LMa. ; boagbane
Irel. (1) Meuvautlies Irifnliala, marsh trefoil; see also
Bog-hop, -trefoil (N.I.' sw.Cum. w.Yks.' LMa. Nhp.'
War.) ; (2) /-')7;«;//(/y(;/7«o,sYj, bird's-eye primrose (n. Yks. |.
(1) LMa. The bogbanc to the rushy curragh, say I, Caine
Mau-xman { 1 894 ) 358.
BOG-BLUTTER
[326]
BOGGLE
[Bog (a morass) + bean. Gerarde tells us that ' the later
Herbarists call Marish Trefoile Trifolhim pahtstre, and
Palitdosimi: Herb, ed. 1633, 1194.]
BOGBLUTTER, sb. Sc. Irel. Also written -blitter,
-bluter Sc. ; -bluiter Ldd. The bittern, Botaiinis stel-
laris.
Sc. Hitherto nothing had broken the silence around him, but
the deep cry of the bog-blitter, or buU-of-the bog, Scott Guy M.
(1815) i. Ldd. (J.S.) [SwAiNSON Biids (1885) 146; Johns Brit.
Birt/s (iB62\']
BOGEY, sb. Won [bo-gi.] A scythe. Wor. (E.S.)
BOGEY, see Bogie.
BOGFOUNDERED, pp. Chs. Also written -fown-
dered s.Chs.', -founded. Perplexed, bewildered.
Chs. She told him . . . she was bogfounded in the matter,
Allrincham Guard. (Feb. 29, 1896}; Chs.i3 s.Chs.i Ah.m faerli
bog-fuvvndurd [Ah'm fairly bogfowndered].
BOGG, see Bug.
BOGGAN, sb. Obs. ? Sc. Also written bogan, boggin.
A boil, a large pimple filled with white matter, chiefly
appearing between the fingers of children in spring.
Sc. He coud hae cur'd the cough an' phthisic, Burns, boggans,
botches, boils an' blisters, PicKEN Poems (,1788} 172 (Jam,).
BOGGAN, see Boggin.
BOGGART, sb.' and v. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf. Der. Not. Lin. Won Also Dev. (?) Also in forms
boggard N.Cy." Wm.i m.Yks.' w.Yks.' ^^ e.Lan.i ; boggat
Yks. Lan. ; bogard Yks. ; boggard w.Yks. ; bugart
n.Cy. ; buggart Lan.' ; bawker nw.Dev. [bo'gat,
bo-gad.]
1. sb. An apparition, ghost, hobgoblin ; an object of
terror.
N.Cy.' Cnm. Linton Lake Cy. (1864) 297. Wm. Ameast
freetend awt cmme wits wie sic a terrable boggart, Wheeler
Dial. (1790"! 39, ed. 1821. Wm.' Yks. In an' aght like Fearnla
boggard, Prov. in Brigkoiise News (July 20, 1889) ; A mon's
a boggart when he's poor, Townley Sags. &c. 5. n.Yks. There
was not a boggart v\'ith which he was not on nodding terms,
Snowden Tales of Wolds (1893) viii ; n.Yks.' w.Yks. Like as
they're flayed wi' bogards, BroNte Shirley (1849) ^ ; Stars is
shinin', moon is breet, Boggard woant cum oot to-neet, Vill. Sng.
Game (W.F.); w.Yks. '^s Lan. Thease wurn th' boggarts ot
n.idy'n thee, TiM Bobbin View Dial. (1740) 11, ed. 1806 ; Has th'
boggarts taen houd o' my dad? Waugh Come IV/ioam {1856) ;
Nearly every old house had its boggart which played ill-natured
tricks on the inhabitants. Singly or in packs they haunted
streets and roads, and the arch-boggarts held revel at every '3-road-
end,' Harland & Wilkinson Flk-Lore (1867) 49 ; Lan.', n Lan.',
e.Lan.i m.Lan.' Th' owd style o' boggart's gooan eavvt o' date
lung sin' ; boggarts as we hev neaw-a-days come reawnd a-collectin'
brass for th' Deoth list, doctor's bills, coyi bills, an' things o' thad
soort. Chs.' Eh ! woman! hi white thee art, as ta seen a boggart ?
s.Chs.' Dhur)z u biig'urt tu bi seen ugy'en' dhu brik'il pits [There's
a buggart to be seen agen the brickkil' pits], Stf.'^ Tel am oi
didnar nou 3Z oi waz 3 bugart ofouor. Der. Nothing but a —
a spook, as Mr. Kneebone calls it. He means a boggart, you
know, Gushing Voe ( 1888) II. v ; Der.^, nw.De .', Not. vW.H.S.)
n.Lin, Th' little oud-fashioncd hoss-slioe i'to his pockit to drive
boggards awaay fra him. Peacock Taales (1889) 127 ; n.Lin.'
Ther' ewsed to be a boggart like a great, hewge, black dog to be
seed agean Nothrup chech-yard. nw.Dev. Mothers frequently
frighten their children away from dangerous wells by saying,
* Doan' ee go there, my dear; there's a bawker in that will,'
Reports Provinc. (1893). [He thinks every bush a boggard, Ray
Ptov. (1678) 232.]
2. Fright, terror, in phr. fo take (the) boggart.
n.Cy. Said of a horse that starts at any object in the hedge or
read, Grose (1790). w.Yks. If shoe took a boggart at owt shoe
would rush (F.P.T.); Yon horse took th' boggart and broke th'
cart-shaft (D.L.); w.Yks.^ She took boggard, fell o'er a straw,
and cut her throat ; w.Yks.^ m.Lan.' Ev'rybody knows as when
a hoss runs away it's t'en 'th' boggarts.' Chs.' Ahr tit took
boggart t'other neet, and bowted up Park Lone ; Chs.^ What did
the donkey take boggart at thee for! Stf.* My horse took
buggart. Der.'
Hence (i) Boggardly, of horses: timid, skittish, apt to
take fright; (21 Boggarty, («) timid, 'boggardly'; (b)
haunted by ghosts and goblins.
(,1) w.Yks. That 'orse o' yowers isn't boggardly (F.P.T.) ;
w.Yks.' (2, a) Chs.' A timid skittish horse is a 'boggarty tit';
Chs.23 s.Chs.', Stf.2, Der.2, nw.Der.' (6) Der. I darena come up
the lone moor by night, for 'tis a very boggety bit, Vernev Stone
Edge (1868) xi.
3. A coward, a timid person. n.Yks.^
4. A scarecrow.
Chs. (E.M.G.) s.Chs.' Ahy)v stiik'n u bug lirt i)th gy'aa-rdn tfi
frik-n)th bridz of [I've stucken a buggart i' th' garden to frikken
th' brids olT]. -Wor. (H.K.)
5. In cotiip. (i) Boggart-barns, haunted barns ; (2)
.feart, superstitious, afraid of ghosts; (3) -flower, the plant
Mercitrialis pcrennis; (4) -freetened, see -feart; (5) -hole,
a haunted hollow ; a mythical place of terror invented
with the idea of frightening children into good behaviour;
(6) -muck, the undigested portions of food cast up by owls ;
(7) -neet, St. Mark's Eve, when ghosts are said to ' walk';
(8) -posy, see -flower ; (9) -stones, white quartz nodules
found in gravel ; (10) -tales, ghost stories.
(I) n.Lan. There are several ' boggart barns' in the neighbour-
hood of Preston, Henderson Flk-Lore ^1879) vii. (2) Lan. Ther's
nob'dy i' Merriton uts as boggart-feart as he is, Brierley Marlocks
1866) ii. (3) Yks. B. & H. (4) Lan. Th' owd lad wur terrible
boggart-freetent, Waugh S}towed~itp, ii. (5) w.Yks.^ Boggard-hoil.
Lan. Near to a place on a highway called Boggard-hole, Harland
& Wilkinson /"/*-Z.ore (1867) 196. (6) Chs.' (7) w.Yks.3 (8)
Yks. B. & H. (9) e.Lan.' When rubbed together these are supposed
to emit a brimstone-like odour. (10) Lan. Nancy has a store of
' boggart-tales,' which are the delight and wonder of the country-
side, Francis Fustian (1895) 281.
6. V. To, take fright; to frighten.
s.Chs.' Ee wuz dhaat biigurtid, iz ydo'ur fae'r stud linee-nd
[He was that buggarted, his yure fair stood aneend]. Tit biigurtid
ut u weyt peepur uz ley i;dhu roa'd [Tit buggarted at a wheite
peeper (paper) as ley i' the road].
[1. A boggarde, spectrum, Levins Manip. (1570). 4.
Like as a fray -boggarde in a garden off cucumbers kepeth
nothinge, even so are their goddes of wod, of sylver and
golde, CovERDALE (1535) Bariicli vi. 69.]
BOGGART, sb? War. The common duckweed,
Lemna minor. See Jenny-Green-Teeth.
War. In use at Birmingham, A'. & Q. (1B70) 4th S. v. 287.
BOGGART, s6.^ vv.Yks.^* The dried moisture of the
nostrils. Cf boggle, bowman.
BOGGIN, s6.' Lin. Also written boggan. One who
acts as an official at the annual ceremony of 'throwing
the hood ' at Haxey, on Jan. 6 ; a Plough-Monday
mummer. See Hood, Plough-bullock.
Lin. The first person that can convey the hood into the cellar of
any public-house receives the reward of one shilling, paid by the
plough-bullocks, or hoggins. . . . The next day the hoggins go
round the town collecting alms and crying' largess.' They are
dressed like morris-dancers, and are yoked to, and drag, a small
plough. The day is concluded by the bullocks running with the
plough round the cross on the Green, Hist. Lin. II. 214, in
A', tr Q. (1857) and S. iv. 487 ; The boggans ... all wear red
jackets, and one of their number is called the ' captain of all the
boggans,' A'. & Q. (1B72) 4th S. ix. 158. n.Lin.'
BOGGIN, sb.^ Sc. LMa. Lin. Also in forms baukin
Sc. ; boagane I. Ma. A hobgoblin, a supernatural ap-
pearance.
Rnf. We never hear o' fairies noo, O' brownies, or o' baukins,
Barr Poems (1861) 49. I. Ma. Witches and boaganes and the
like of that, Caine Deemster (1889) 9 ; In common use ; esp.
applied to the spirits which haunt certain localities (T.E.B.).
Lin. The prisoner frightened the child by telling her he had
seen ten ' hoggins' in the dyke. A', d-' O. (1881) 6th S. iii. 285.
BOGGING, sb. N.L' [bogin.] Black bog or peat
used for manure.
BOGGLE, I*.' Var. dial, usages in Sc. Irel. Eng. Also
Aus. Also in forms boggly w.Som.' ; boughle Wxf
[bogL]
1. Of a horse: to take fright, shy, jib; also fig. to
hesitate ; gen. with prep. at. See Bogle.
Dmb. You needna boggle at taking the assistance that's offered
to ye. Cross Disruption ,1844) xxiii. n.Cy. Grose (1790) MS. add.
I P.) Nhb.' The mear boggled at a haystack. Dur.' Cum.' Ye
needn't boggle at ma ; a'll nit hurt ye ; Cum.^ 'At boggles at lowpy-
baok, rack-ups or shinny, 54. Wra. O't fratchin i' t'world winnot
BOGGLE
[327]
BOGLE
boggle ar freetcn, Sic troubles ez chance ta turn up in a day, S/>ee.
Dial. (1880) pt. ii. 31 ; Wm.' n.Yks. T'hoss boggled and lowp'd
(T.S.) ; n.Yks.' ; n Yks.* Oor bairn raithcr boggles at an unkard
body. I boggled at it. ne.Yks.' e.Yks. Marshall Hiir. Ecoh.
(1788); e.Yks.', w.Yks.'* Lan. Somehow she boggled over the
' Mr. Clegg,' Banks Manch. Man (1881) xxxv ; Lan.' What dost
boggle at it so lung for? ne.Lan.', nw.Der.', Not. (J.H.B.)
n.Lin.' He boggles a deal when he tcks to spellin'. sw.Lin.' He
boggles at anything by the road-side. She boggles at the water.
GIo. I've a-laffed thur afore now to zee how zum on 'em did
boggle at 't, BucKMAN Darke's Sojourn (1890) 56. Brks.' A
boggled a goodish bit avoor I couid get 'un to zaay eese.
Hence (i) Boggle, sb. a fright, fear, or scruple ; an un-
certain movement, esp. in phr. /o take the boggle, to shy;
(2) Boggle-eyed, shy, easily startled.
(I) Bnff.' Nhb. His horse teuk the boggle, and off flew he,
Monthly Cliron. (1887 1 64. Cum. I nivver tak t'boggle at scoaldin',
' GwoRDiE Greenup' Yance a yf«f (1873) 26. Wra.', ii.Yks.^
w.Yks.' His skaddle tit — teuk boggle, ii. 303. ne.Lan.' Der.^
Make no boggles of it. sw.Lin.' She always makes a bit of
a boggle at them. [Aus. You made a boggle about being hand-
cuffed, BoLDREWooD Sydney-side Saxon < 1891) ii.] (a) sw.Lin.'
2. To stumble, to bungle, to blunder.
Lan.', Stf.l, Der.2, nw.Der.' w.Som.' How did the horse go ? —
Middlin like, sir ; but 1 zee I must watch-n, he do boggly 'pen
level ground. Cor.^ I boggled over the knot a long while.
Hence (1) Boggle, sb. a bungle, a blunder, a stumble ;
(2) Boggier, sb. a horse given to stumbling but not
actually to falling, a bungler; (3) Boggling, ppl. adj.
clumsy, blundering.
(i) w.Yks.2 He made a boggle on it. w.Som.' Wuul ! dhiis uz
u puur-dee oa-I baug-l, shoarluy ■ ! [Well, this is a pretty old bungle,
surely !] [The horse] made a bit of a boggle two different times.
(2) Wxf. He is a great boughler of a man (P.J.M.). w.Som.'
(3^ Nhp.' He couldn't get on with his speech, he made poor
boggling work. War.^ He has made a boggling job of it.
3. Cotiip. Boggle-words, hard words, words difficult to
pronounce.
n.Yks.2 Boggle-words, at which our old school-dames were
wont to stumble.
4. To perplex, baffle.
So. He seemed boggled, Stevenson Catriona (1895^1 ix. Lin'
He could read out ony text 'at boggled th' rest wi' shame, 230.
War.3 Even Dr. Sharpe . . . has been boggled over a vision he
had, B^hani Dy. Gazette I Jan. 21, 1896^.
5. To haggle, dispute over a bargain.
e.An.'* Cor.3 Boggled over buying two pennorth of fish for
half an hour.
e. To fail. Nrf '
7. To blink, to open and shut the eyes.
Lei ' The good Saint Anthony boggled his eyes.
8. To quake as a bog.
Bnff.' The grun a' bogglt fin we geed on it
Hence Bogglie, quaking like a bog. Bnff.'
9. To draw anythmg that is being sewn into puckers.
n.Lin.'
[1. To boggle, haesito, tiliibo, dubito, Coles (1679) ; You
boggle shrewdly, every feather starts you, Shaks. All's
Well, V. iii. 232. With the phr. 'to take the boggle,' cp. 'to
take bog at,' to shy at. Daily experience showeth that
many men who make no conscience of a lie, do yet take
some bog at an oath, Sanderson (t 1663) Wks. II. 230
(Uav.).]
BOGGLE, v.'^ Cor. \ho-g\.] To lie.
Cor. I'homas Randigal Rhymes (1895) Gl.
BOGGLE, sb. "Vks. Lin. [bo gl.] The mucous
liardenings in the nostrils. Cf. boggart.
n.Yks.2, n.Lin.'
BOGGLE, see Bogle.
BOGGLER, sb. Der. A night-line for fish.
Der. ^, nw.Der.'
BOGGYBO, sb. Yks. Chs. Also written boggy-boy
w.Yks. A ghost, a hobgoblin ; a scarecrow. Cf. boggle-
bo, s.v. Bogle, 5.
w.Yks. Oh boggy boy, don't tak me, Ah'm t'parson o' Wrose
(S.K.C.V Chs.' 23
BOGHEDY, atij. and adv. Irel. Crooked, misformed.
s.Wxf. I don't like the way she knocked poor boghedy Kj'ra
Koun about, Fenian Nights (Apr. 14, 1894^ 471 ; An' used t) go
as boghedy as a night bee, ib. Mar. 11, 1893"! sgr.
[Cp. Ir. boghaighthe, bent, crooked (O'Riillv).]
BOGIE, si.' In i^f«. use. Also written bogy Brks.'
w.Som.'; bogey w.'li'ks.* Stf.* Not.'; boogie Shr.' [bogi,
boagi.] An object of terror, any supernatural appearance.
n.Yks.*, W.Yks. ^2 Stf.^ Nai dzoni, stop jar blartin Ois minit ar
bougi al av JD, az Sauor az jar bOrn. Not.'. n.Lin.' War.* When
preceded by 'old' the devil is intended. Shr.'. Hrf.'* Brks.' If
'e dwo-ant ke-up still an' go to sle-up Bogy 'ooll come. Hnt.
(T.P.F.) w.Som.' Bogle and Boggle quite unknown. Th' 'oss
jump'd a one zide, . . . jist the very same's 'off he'd azeed a bogy.
Fear'd o' the dark ! hot b'ee feard o' ? D'ee think you'll zee a
bogy ? Slang. Old age is my chiefest bogy, Gilbert Bab Ballads
(1869'! 42.
BOGIE, sb.^ Yks. Brks.
1. An absurdly-dressed person, a caricature.
n.Yks.' What a bogie !
2. A child's name for the reflection of sunlight upon
water thrown upon the walls of a room. Brks.'
BOGIE, sb.^ Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Lan. Chs. Der.
Written boagie N.I.' [bo'gi.] A small, low truck on
wheels ; a trolly.
Sc. A'. & Q. {i'b(x)) 4th S. iv. 570. N.L', N.Cy.' Nhb. Monthly
Chron. (1887) 140; Nhb.' The word is applied to any low truck
for the carriage of casks or other merchandise ; to the small truck
of the platelayer so familiar on our railways ; and to the flat
board, with four small wheels, used by boys in play for running
down a hill. ' In Dean Street, when carts or wlien bogies came
down, The noise made one's heart glad, one's lugs fit to stoun,'
Gilchrist 5h^. of Improvements {tH^^). 'A kind o' hearse on bogie
wheels,' Wilson Captains and Quayside (1840"!. e.Dur.' Cam.
T'policemen whuppt it on tuU a bwogie they'd browt wih them,
Sargisson yoc 5foa/» (1881) 226. Lan.', n.Lan.' Chs.' Running
on two low wheels, to enable workmen, without the aid of a horse,
to move large stones or other heavy materials from one place to
another; Chs. ^, nw.Der.' [Waggons used for conveying metal and
slag from blast-furnaces, Gl. Lab. (1894).]
BOGLE, sb. and v. Sc. Irel. All n. counties to Chs.
Also Lin. Nhp. Som. Also written boggle N.I.' N.Cy.'
Nhb.' Dur.' Cum. Wm.' n.Yks.' =» e.Yks.' m.Yks.' Lin.
[bo'gl, bogl.]
1. sb. An apparition ; a ghost, hobgoblin, spectre ; any
object of terror, a bugbear.
Sc. I am feared to gae in the dark for the bogle, Scott Bride of
Lam. (,1819) vii ; I am but a child frighted with bogles, Stevenson
Catriona (1892) vii ; When witches ride the air and a' the bogles
are about, Roy Horseman's IVd. (,1895) i. Per. Was I fear'd that
the bogles would steer me? Nicoll Pocmis (1837I 129, ed. 1843.
Rnf. Wha hae never seen a bogle Maun hae lived a canny life,
Neilson Poems (1877) 37. Ayr. Lest bogles catch him unawares,
Burns Tam o' Sbanter {i-jgo) 1. 86 ; Gaist nor bogle shall thou
fear, ib. Hark the mavis. e.Lth. Goupin at Simpson as if he was
a bogle, Hunter /. Inwick {1B95) 27. Bwk. The bogle in the
Billy-myre,Wha kills our bairns a', Henderson Po/>. Rhymesii&^e)
2. Gall. An' in that way I wad get the better o' the bogles,
Crockett Moss-Hags (1895) xxiii. N I.' n.Cy. Grose (1790);
Border Gl. {Coll. L.L.B.) Nhb.' The boggle is always a personality,
having a proper name, and haunting a certain spot. Dur.' Cum.
A boggle's been seen wi' twee heads, Anderson Ballads {1808) 8;
A girt white boggle without head or neck, Dickinson Cumbr.
('875)233. Wm. Defi'd the dcevil and his imps, And o' the boggle
tribe. Whitehead Leg. (1859) 12; Aa saw theer t'bogle— thee
knaws, t'bogle o' Bleacliff Tarn, Ward R. Elsmere (,1888 bk. i. x;
Wm.' Yks. (K.) ; The bogle, in the form of a grey cat, flew past
him, Henderson /V*- /.or (1879'! vii. e.Yks. Hez thoo ivver seen
a boggle ? Wray Nrstleton (1876) 210 ; Aye, what a do we had
oot o' Billy Swabj' an his malak wi' Bonnick boggle, Nicholson
Flk-Sp. (1889) 32. Lan. Else we shall see bogles, Roby Trad.
(1872) II. 358. Chs. Kleered wi' a bogle in Shotwick lone. Banks
Prov. House {186$) 140, ed. 1883; Chs.' Lin. Theer wur a boggle
in it, I often 'eerd 'um mysen, Tennyson A'. Farmer, Old Style
(1864) St. 8; You felt scared for dread of boggles. Peacock
R. Skirlaiigh (1870) I. 49. n.Lin.' What's 'ta scar'd on, bairn ? duz
'ta think as a boggle 'all get 'ta? Nhp.' Som. The t'other was
laafen like a bogle, Leith Lemon Verbena (1895 1 154.
Hence (i) Boglie, haunted ; (2) Boglesome, shy,
skittish.
(i) Sc. Up the Warlock glen, down the boglie Causie. An thro'
BOGLE
[328]
BOIL
a' the warld I'd follow my lassie, Cromek Remains (1810) 94
(Jam.); It's an unco bogilly bit, Scott ZJ/*.£);iw^/ (,1816) ii ; To
be alane in a boggly glen on a sweet summer's night, Bliukiv. Mag.
(Aug. 1820) 515. n.Yks.^ (2) Nhb. A sivittish horse is said to be
boglesome, N. if Q. (1855) ist S. xi. 440.
2. A scarecrow.
Sc. Turn yersel into a tattie bogle an' they'll never see ye,
Dickinson Kirk Beadle (1892) 57; And you standing there like
a straw bogle, Stevenson Catiioiia (1892) xii. Ayr. A knock-
kneed potato bogle o' a dominie, Galt Lairds ('1826) xix. Lnk.
Gie it to your granny for a tatie bogle, Fraser ]Vliaiips (1895 )vii.
3. A game of hide-and-seek played by village boys and
girls ; known also as Bogle-aboiit (the) stacks or biis/i.
Sc. I circumvented them — I played at bogle about the bush wi'
them— I cajoled them, Scott IVaverley (1814) Ixxi. Slk. 'Bout
stacks wi' the lasses at bogle to play, Elliot Floimrs Forest (1755).
Gall. I play at bogle wi' the lasses, Crockett Raiders 1.1894) xlv.
N.Cy.' Nhb.i 'Playing at boggle' is to startle by sudden and
unexpected appearance as in this game round the stacks in a
'stagarth' [stack-garth]. Dur.', ne.Yks.'
4. A supper-cake eaten on Bogle-day, March 29.
Sh I. Manson Atiii. (1893).
5. C0H//1. (I ) Boggle-beast, a formidable beast; (2) -beck,
a haunted stream ; (3) -bee, a nursery bugbear ; (4)
-blundered, lost in the dark; (5) -bo, a hobgoblin; (6)
-boggart, an elf or fairy; (7) -bush, a child's game of
hide-and-seek; (8) -chased, pursued by phantoms; (9)
•dafted, see -blundered ; (10) -day, March 29; (11) -fits,
vague fears, nervous depression ; (12) -flayed, afraid of
ghosts; (13) -gloor, the glare of the 'barguest,' or 'saucer-
eyed' being; (14) -hole, the den of the hobgoblin; (15)
•howl, the yell of the 'barguest' ; (16) -hunter, one who
harasses himself with imaginary difficulties; (17) -pressed,
oppressed by nightmare, hag-ridden ; (18) -rad, afraid of
ghosts; (19) -room, a haunted room; (20) -stone, a
haunted stone ; (21) -trail'd, led astray as by a will-o'-the-
wisp.
11,2) n.Yks.2 (3) Nh-j., Du". Brand Pop. Antiq. (1777) 116.
(4) n.Yks.2 (5 Lth. An' the gruesome tale o' bogle-bo, Smith
Merry Bridal i i866j 74. Edb. Or has some boglebo gicn ye a fleg,
Ramsay Sandy 1 1721). N.Cy.' My mammy said if I wad na gan,
She would fetch the boggle-bo, Siig. n.Yks.^, e.Yks."^ Lin.
Terriculamentum, vox agri Lin. propria, a sono nutricum infantes
territantium, Skinner (1671'. (6) Yks. White Moiilli in Yks.
{1888) xiv. (7, 8, 9) n.Yks.2 (10) Sh.I. In most districts delving
begins, Manson W/h». (1893) ; (K.I. "i (11-17) n.Yks.2 (181 Kxb.
(Jam.) (19) n.Yks.2 (20) Wm. By haunted cairns and bogle
steaynes. Whitehead Leg. (1859^ 11. (21) n.Yks.*
6. V. To bewitch, enchant, ' bamboozle.'
Sc. To bogle us . . . into that degree of compliance with the
council-curates, M'Ward Coiilciidii:gs (1723") 69 (Jam.).
[1. Leaue boggles, brownies, gyr-carlings and gaists,
MoNTGOMERiE Flyting (c. 1600) 661, ed. Cranstoun, 82;
The luf-blenkis of that bogill, Dunbar The Tita Mariit
(c. 1505) III, ed. Small, II. 33. 5. (5) Boggleboe, a bug-
beartofright children, a scarecrow, Bailey (1755); Boggle-
boe, ntamiuciis, tcrnculatneiitmn, Coles (1679).]
BOGLE, see Bodle.
BOGUISH, adj. Gall. [bogij.] Of land: soft,
spongy.
Sc. Mossy boguish ground. Life of Peden (1725); (S.R.C.'i;
Looked across some mossy boguish ground to a range of rugged
lieathery mountains, Crockett Raiders (1894) iii.
BOH, see Bo.
BOHDER, see Boulder.
BOHEREEN, see Bcreen.
BOH-GHOSTS, see Barghest.
BOHOG, sb. N I.' A rude shed, under which the
priests said mass during times of persecution.
[Ir. liolhoi;, a hut, a little tent, der. o( both, a hut.]
BOHOLA'WN, sb. Iiel. The rag-weed, Senccio
Jacoboea.
Ir. And he about the hcighth of a sizeable boholawn, Barlow
Lisconnel {iBg%) x.
[Ir. and Gael. biiadht;halhin, ragwort (Macbain).]
BOICH, V. and sb. 'Lnk. (Jam.)
1. V. To cough with difliculty. Hence (i) Boicher, sb.
one who coughs with difficulty; (2) Boichin, vbl. sb. a
continuation of coughing with difficulty.
2. sb. A short, difficult cough. Cf. baichie, bechle.
BOIKE, s6. Pem. [boik.] A small burden of furze.
s.Pem. Go an' fetch a boike of furze to choffe (W.M.M.).
[Wei. baich, a burden ; cp. Bret, beach (Du Rusquec).]
BOIKIN, s6.^ Sc. [boikin.J A bodkin.
Sc. (Jam.) Bnff. (W.G.)
[ Boydekyn, siibiicttla, perforatorium, Prompt. The word
occurs in Chaucer in the sense of a short, pointed weapon.
With panade, or with knyf, or boydekin, C. T. a. 3960.]
BOIKIN, sb.'^ Sc. (Jam.) [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] The piece of beef called the brisket.
BOIL, sb. Sc. Irel. Yks. Lan. Lin. Also Cor. Written
beuheyle Cor.'^ ; bile Wxf n.Lin.'
1. The state or condition of boiling ; the boiling point.
Sc. Bring your copper by degrees to a boil. Maxwell Set. Trans.
(1743) 372 (Jam.). N.I.' The pot's comin' to the boil. w.Yks.'
nLin.' Put it upo' fire an' gie it a boil.
2. In phr. (i) at the boil, nearly boiling; (2) on the boil,
fig. on the loose; (3) all in a boil, to be hurried or
excited.
(i) Sc. (Jam.) N.I.' It'sjust at the boil. (2) w.Yks. In common
use in Huddersfield (S.W.). Lan. I geet it . . . from an owd man
as wor on th' boil, Westall Bircli Dene ( 1889) II. 6. (3") Cor.^
3. Comp. Boil-house, an outhouse for boiling potatoes or
clothes. n.Yks. (I.W.)
4. A continual course or stratum of alluvial rich ore.
Cor. A regular boil of ore (M.A.C.) ; Cor." MS. add. ; Cor.3
5. A collection, a heap of money.
s.'Wxf. He left a big bile after him (P.J.M.).
BOIL, V. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Written
beil- s.Chs.i; bile Brks.^; bwile Nhp.i Shr.i Oxf.i
1. In phr. (i) to boil out, to waste in boiling; (2) — over,
fig. to make a scandal; (3) — upon, to boil with; (4) — the
dinner, (5) — the pot, to cook, prepare the dinner ; (6) gar
the pot boil, to have sufficient food ; (7) heep the pot boiling;,
(a) to keep alive, to live; (A) to keep a game going; in
gen. use; (8) to ivant a boiltd halfpenny, said of a person
thought to be weak or silly ; (9) boiled milk, bread and
milk; porridge made of oatmeal and milk; (10) boiled
treacle, to^y made of boiled treacle; (11 1 boiling-peas, peas
for culinary purposes; (12) boiling upon the fresh, (13)
boiling on the leach, old salt-making terms.
(11 se.Wor.i (2) n.Lin.' ' If I'm not sorely mista'en th' pot'U
boil oher afoore long,' said when a quarrel or a scandal is antici-
pated. (31 N.I.' Take some of that herb boiled upon sweet milk.
(4) s.Lns. It's time to bile the dinner (P.J M.). (51 Nhp.' Brks.' If
I dwoant ketch a rabbut to-night I shan't hev nothin' to bile the pot
to-morrer. Oxf.' Bist a gwain to bwile th' pot to-day > (6) Abd.
Then ye'll gar the pottie boil, I will engage, Ogg IVillie IValy
(1873) 172. 17, n) Shr.i Behappen they'n find it easier to get
married than to keep the pot bwilin. [b) Gall. (A.W.) (81 s.Chs.'
Yu ky'ai ki sof'ti, yoa' waan-tn u beyld ai-pni [Yo caky softy, yo
wanten a beiled ha'penny], (g) N.I.^ Yks. You'll want some-
thing soft for breakfast ; will you like porridge or boiled-milk ?
(F.P.T.) (lo) w.Yks. Doant yo goa an' rive ma ta pieces, ta lap
boil'd trackle in, Tom Treddlehoyle Tlmwts (1845) 4. (11 1 Ken.
P"^ boiling peas to the poor house, Iialf a bushel, 2s. 6rf., Ptiiekley
Overseers' Ace. (P.M.I 1,12) Chs.^ They continue their fire as much
as they can, till halfe the brine be wasted, and this they call boy-
ling upon the fresh, Philos. Trans. (1659) 1064. (13) ib. They
boyle fast here (which they call boyling on the leach, because they
usually all this time lade in their leach-brine), ib.
2. To well up, gush out.
s.Not. When we'd sunk the well about twenty feet the waiter
begun to boil up ( J.P.K.).
Hence (i) Boiling, prp. full of, teeming with; (2)
Boiling-spring, sb. a spring which gushes out of the
ground and overflows.
(i) Cor. This blanket is boiling with fleas (M.A.C); Cor."
(2) n.Lin.' Ye sea Moor- Well's a boilin' spring, so it niver faails.
3. To drink oneself stupid, to fuddle.
Lan. You'd happen like to boil me too ? — Nay, there'd be no use
i' that. You boil yersel', Dick, Westall Birelt Date (1889) II. 164.
4. To render flabby.
s.Not Vegetables are said to be boiled, after a severe frost
fj P K.).
BOILEN
[ 3-9 1
BOKE
BOILEN, f. c.Yks.' pp. ol to Loil.
BOILER, sb} Sc. Yks. Nrf. Suf.
1. A large kettle.
Abd. Very coimnon (G.W.). Fif. A bright fire of peat and coal
. . . burncil bcntalh a big kettle (' boiler,' they called iti, Barrie
iif/i/(i888) ii.
2. A tin pan, a vessel of iron, tin, or copper, with a lid
and handle ; a saucepan.
n. & e.Yks. In Holderncss a ' boiler' is always a two-handled pan.
but ill m.Yks. the word is used of one or two-handled pans (R.S ).
w.Yks. ii'.Yks. Mag. (1871) I. 30; (,B,K.) Nrf. Cozens-Hardy
Bioatl iXif. (1893") 22 ; tH.C H.) Suf. vK.II.)
BOILER, s/j.^ n Cy. Chs. A salt-making term : the
man who makes stoved and butter-salt. Chs.'
Hence Boilary, sl>. a place where salt is boiled.
n.Cy. HoLLoWAY.
BOILING, sb. In ^'c;;. dial, and colioq. use in Irel. and
Eng.
1. A quantity sufficient for boiling at one time.
Dur.' A boiiin o' tatics. Nhp.' War.^ A boiling of cabbage,
clothes. &c. Sus , Hnip. Holloway.
2. Fi]i;. A ' batch,' the whole party, quantity, gen. used
with ii.<liole.
Wxf. A whole bilin of novel-reading girls, Ken.nedy Evenings
Dn^'trv[jS6g 159. s. Wxf. They kcin to a wooden hut, an' in with
the whole bunch an' bilin of them, Il'l/y. fnilf/'ein/cnt {Dec. 23. 1895 .
Cum.' Wm.' I keearn't a laidin lir t'hccal boiiin. w.Yks.' Lan.
If I don't be a match for the whole bilin", Bkierley Colters, vii.
iie.Lan.', Not,', Lei.' Nlip.' The whole boiling of 'em are bad,
War.2 Frank's the best of the boiling; War.^ I've sold the turkeys,
llie whole boiling of 'em. Lon. The whole boiling got up at Bow,
'J'/ie Piople (June 16, 1889" .(, Ess. He'd sich a family, he coon't
Ha' brotcup the whole biliiig, Clauk/. A'o«/r.s-: 1839, 6; G/, 1 1851 .
Sus., Hmp. Holloway. I.W.^ All the hool bvvilen on us veil outin
the middle o' the road, 120, Dor. Td hike out the whole bwoilen
o'm', Barnes G/. (i863>. w,Som.' Bceulz u waeth' dhu woal
bwuuy lecn oa-m — puut um cen u bai'g-n shee'uk um airl aup
tiig.idh'ur [Bill is worth all the rest, (if yon) put them in a bag and
shake them .ill up together]. De>'. He turn'd th' whole bvvoiling-
o'-'m out o' houze, Puljian Sh/c/ies (1842) 82, ed. 1871. Cor.'
The whole boiling of 'em were there ; Cor.*
BOILTA, sb. S. & Ork.' Short, stunted barley.
BOILY, sb. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lin. [boili.]
1. Food prepared for infants, boiled milk and flour or
milk and bread.
Nhb.' He the brats of their boilcy will bilk, Sng. TwecilsiJe.
Cum. It's time thoosud be gittan hisboiiiesriddy ^E.W.P.). n-Yks.'^
e.Yks. (R.S.) ; e.Yks.', w.Yks.5, n.Lin.'
2. Fiff. A country bumpkin.
e.Yks. Nicholson Flk-Lore [ci. 1890'! 97.
BOINE, sb. Obs. Ess. A swelling caused by a blow.
Ess. Grose (1790) ;I/5.a(/£/. (P.); ^C); Kay (1691); G/, (1851) ;
Ess.l
[OF. biiyite (now bi'fftie), a swelling on the head caused
by a blow (Hatzfeld).]
BOINE, see Boyne.
BOISE, see Boose.
BOISERT, sb. SIk. (Jam.) [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] A louse.
BOISON, see Bauson.
BOIST, i6.' and v. Ken. Sur. Sus. Also in forms
baist, beist Ken.' ; bist Sus. ; byst Ken.' ; byste Sur.'
Sus.' [boist, beist, bist.]
1. sb. A temporary or makeshift bed ; a rough bed made
by hop-driers during the hopping season.
Ken. (.P.M.) ; Ken.' 2, Sur.', Sus.'
2. A settle, sofa.
Ken.' Sus. In front you may often see the settle or bist, as it
used to be called, Heath Eng. Pens. (1893) 187.
3. The framework of a bed with webbing. Ken.'
4. V. To lie down in the daytime.
Sus.' I was quite took to [ashamed] to think you should have
come in the other day and found me bysted.
[The same as ME. buisfc, a bo.K. Boystc, or box, /iv,
akibtislniin, Prompt. OFr. boiste (mod. boile\.]
BOIST, sb.' and at/j. e.An. Cor. [boist.J
1. .s/a a swelling. e.An.', Nrf
VOL, I.
2. Corpulence. Cor.' Cf. bustious.
3. (ii//. Fat, corpulent. Cor.*
BOISTEROUS, ad/. Suf Extravagant, iax-ish.
Suf. You don't want to be [liave no need to be] too boisterous
with that gravel (C.G B.) ; In everyd.ny use (F.H.).
BOISTINS, see Beestings.
BOIT, .s6.' Sc. Iboit.l A cask or tub used in curing
butcher's meat or for holding it after it is cured.
Sc. (Jam.), Ayr. J.F.), Rxb. (W.G.)
BOIT, sb.' and v. Som. Dev. Also written bait
w.Som,' [boit,J
1. sb. A bait, a lure ; a meal or refreshment.
Som. They use th' zilver hook ver boit, Pulman Stele/ies C1842)
8, ed. 1853. w.Som.' nw.Dev. I had a boit o' bread an' cheese
CR.P.C.%
2. A business, job.
w.Som.' Aayv ugut u puurdeebauyt yuur, a<rn ecs? [I have a
pretty job here, have I not ?] Nif that there idn a darn'd purty boit
vor anybody to start way a Monday mornin.
3. V. To bait.
w.Som.' F.z hook now 'c've boitcd, an' at et he goos, Pulman
Sketi/its 1842; 7. n Dev. I on'ny slapped vor boit my 'osses
R.PC).
[1. OCorn. iw//, ' cibus, esca'; OBret. fo<'/, sec Stokes
(in Fick*) 165; cp. Wei. bivyd, food (Davies) ; Bret.
boital, 'nourriture' (Du Rusouec). Hence OFr. boille,
bait, boete (mod. boiielte), see Hatzfeld.]
BOITLE, sb. Obs. Dor. A blockhead. Usually in
coiiip. Boitle-head. Cf beetle-head.
Dor. A'. & Q. ,1883) Olh S. vii. 366; (^C.V.G.)
BOIZON, see Bisson.
BOKANKI, sb. Dur.
1, A term applied by boys to any one guilty of a mean
or cowardly action.
Dur. ' Run away, Doctor Bokanki I ' This saying arose from the
circumstance of Dr. Waller Balcanqual, Dean of Durham, in the
time of the Civil Wars, fleeing avv.ay from the city with extreme
precipitation, after the battle of Newburn, for fear of the Scots,
Brockie Leg. Dur. (i886j 237 ; Surtees Hist. Dtir. I. Pref. 96, in
Denhain Trats (ed. 1892) I 41.
2. Phr. to vanish in a bokanki, to take precipitate flight,
after the manner of Dr. Balcanqual. ib. (R.O.H.)
BOKE, v} Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf, Der. Shr. [bok, boak.]
1. To thrust at, as with a rail or stake.
e.Lan.', Chs.^ Stf,^ lor diust aud Ms kait saft i Si and, an if
bul cumz aiiior M, bouk it at im. Shr.' "E pooled a slake out o'
the 'edge an' boked .at 'im. To boke is a heavier action than to
poke, A man bokcs with a rail or other thick piece ol wood, and
pokes with a light stick.
2. To point, csp. to point the finger in derision.
w.Yks.2 Lan. If he wcr to boke his gun at it, Wauch OtvJ
Cronies (1875) 260 ; (S.W.) ; Lan.' I went quietly up to him, an'
boked my finger at his oppen e'c, Waugh Chiinn. Comer {i%-]^).
Chs. When she wanted anything she just boked her finger at the
chimney-piece lE.M.G.) ; Ray (1691 "i ; Chs.' s.Chs.' Fc boakt
iz fingg-ur aaf mi [He boked his finger at me]. Stf.', Der.',
nw.Der.'
3. To offer.
Chs. I boked it at you once or twice, but you did not notice it
(E.M.G.V
4. To grope in the dark without a light ; to stare in
a half-blind way. Also of a horse: to shy. Cf talk.
s.Clis.' Shr.' 'E wcntalung the rijoad bokin an' startin'at every-
think.
5. To bend.
Lan. Say thank j'o', an' boke down they ycd thus, Lahee
Acquittal tiSiB^) ■>..
[1, On the reverse [of the coin] a bull boaking with his
homes, Holland Camden (1637J 99 (Day,). 2. To boke,
to point at, Hailev ( 1770).]
BOKE, V.' and sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Chs. Dor. Not. Lin. Peni. e.An. Ken. Sus. Also in
forms balk Yks. Not.'* Pern. : bauk, baulk Yks. ; boac
Chs.2^; boak In Yks. n Lin.' ; bock Sc. ; bolk n.Yks.' ;
tooak n.Yks.* e.Yk.s.' ; boiich Der.* nw.Der.'; bouk
N.Cy.' Nhb.' ne.Lan.'; bowk N.Cy.' Nhb. Cuin.^ Der.«
[bok, book, tak.]
u u
BOKE
[330]
BOLDEN
L V. To retch, vomit ; to belch, eructate. Also Jig.
to sicken. . , ,
Arf. His Grace would curse because it made him bock his break-
fast, MuNRO Lost Pibroch (1896) 232. Abd. Some were buokin
ahint the door, Beatties Parings (1801 ) 23, ed. 1873 ; Ance thae
blades are yokct, And a' their venom fairly boket, Shirrefs Pocwjs
(1790'. 346. Ayr. Thro' the mining outlet bocked Downheadlong
hurl, Burns Winter Night V1785) st. 2. Lth. Auld Hornie groan'd,
an' pech'd, an' boakit, Smith Merry Bridal (18661 99. Slk. They
would bock the best byuck that ever was bun', Chr. North Noctcs
(ed. 1856 I III. 80. Rxb. The tiger, like to boke, Riddell Poet.
IVks. {1%T1) I. 230. N.I.l, Uls. I M.B.-S.) Ant. Balhmena Obs.
(i892l;'J.S.l Ant., Dwn. C.H.W.) s.Don. Simmons G/. (1890).
N.Cy.i2 Nhb. He went bowking about, but the beef still remained,
Marshall Sngs. (1829) 13; Ne mair we'll bouk wor boily now.
But suen be safe at Lunnin, Gilchrist Sh^s. (1824") 10; Nhb.'
Ov aa things aa like a geuse to eat, 'cas it bouks up se fine. Cum.^
He seeken't at meat, nay he'd bowk at a speiin, 161. n.Wm. Ah
cud ha bockt mi heart up at yon medsin i^B.K.). n.Yks. Ah fair
bauk'd at it CT.S. < ; n.Yks. >2 ne.Yks.' e.Yks. Ah ommast balkt
mi heart up, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889') ; Marshall Riir. Econ.
(1788) ; e.Yks. 1 w.Yks. Soa nivver booak at t'nastiest pill, Leeds
Merc. Siippl. (Nov. 14. 1891 ; w.Yks.'^, Chs.'s, Der.2, nw.Der.i
Not.* You make me balk. Lin. Vo.x agro Lin. familiaris, Skinner
(1671); (K.^ n.Lin. Sutton fFi/s. 1881); n.Lin.' sw.Lin.' I was
that sick and badly, I had to boke. s.Pem. A was bawkin' tre-
mendews (W.M.M.) ; Laws Little Eng. (1888) 419. e.An.i, Nrf.i,
Ken. K.), Sus.i
Hence (il Boking, vbl. sb. (a) the act or effort of
vomiting; (b) an ejection from the stomach into the
mouth ; the vomit ; (2) Bouking-full, a({/. full to reple-
tion ; (3) Boaky, adj. inclined to vomit or nauseate.
(i, a) Sc. Even between the bockings of the sea-sickness, she
was aye speaking, 5/frt/K-ZJo(i/(i822j 76 (Jam.). Ayr. If Ihg hock-
ing the soul out o' the body be only pleasure, Galt Sir A. Jl'ylie
(1822) xiii. n.Yks.*, Der.*, nw.Der.i [b) Nhb. Then bowkins o'
boiley went fleein' aboot, Robson Coll. Tyneside Sngs. (1872) 330.
(2) Nhb. The term is seldom heard and is then only used in the
coarsest speech (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.l (3) n.Yks. (I.W.)
2. To cough violently.
Wm. (^B.K.j e.Yks. 'Very common (R.S.). w.Yks. (C.W.H.)
Hence Baulking, vbl. sb. a twitching in the throat when
talking.
w.Yks. Yks. IVkly. Post (Nov. 7, 1896).
3. sb. An eructation, a belch; a drink or 'booze' to
the extent of vomiting.
So. When he return'd he got it oo'r Without a host, a bock, or
glour, Cleland Poems (1697) 105 (Jam.). Fit It wad a Nazarite
provokit To break his vow and tak' a bok o't, Tennant Papistry
(18271 100. ne.Lan.i s.Pem. I've got the sowar bokes miserable
bad (W.M.M.).
[These forms repr. two cognate Germ, types. The
forms bouk, boivk, bolk, repr. M E. bolken, biilken, ' eructare ' ;
cp. MLG. bolken, 'mugire' (Schiller-Lubben). The
forms balk, bank, point to OE. bealcan, 'eructare' (cp.
freq. bealcet/an).]
BOKE, see Balk, Bouk.
BOKEN, v. Win. Yks. Also in forms boaken w.Yks.' ;
bocken Yks. ; booaken Wm.' n.Yks. [bokan, boa'kg.j
To retch, to strain in sickness ; to vomit.
Wm.' A booak'iid au neet but gat nowt cop. Yks. Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (Dec. 27, 1890 . n.Yks. A du feel seek [sick] as tho a sud
omost booken mi hart [heart] up (W.H.). ne.Yks.' Sha booaken'd
hard. m.Yks.' w.Yks. Watson //is/. ////v. (17751 534; Ah can
eyt and drink as weel as ivver Ah cud i' my life, bud when Ah
think abaht wark, my heart fair boakens at it (M.F.) ; (S.K.C.);
w.Yks."'5
Hence Boakening, vbl. sb. retching ; a motion of the
body, indicating that a child is going to vomit.
n.Yks. (W.H.) w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 8, 1884).
[ME. Ao/^Mt";;, 'eructare,' see Ps. (c. 1290) cxliii. 13, ed.
Surtees Soc. (Matzner).]
BOKEY, adj. e.An.' « Also in form boaky e.An.*
Proud, conceited, saucy.
BOKIEBLINDIE, sb. Sh. & Or. I. The game of
Blindman's buff, ' Blind-buck.'
Sh.I. I K.I.) Sh & Or.I. 'Jam. Suppl.) ; S. & Ork.l
[Cp. Norvv. dial, blindcbtihk, blindman's buff (Aase.n) ;
Dan. blindebnk.]
BOKY, adj. Nhb.^ Soft.
BOLCH, I'.', sb. and adv. Yks. Der. Not. Lei. Nhp.
War. Wor. Bdf Hnt. Also in forms balch Nhp.'; baltch
Den* nw.Der.'; baulch War.*; bolsh e.Yks.' Lei.'
[bo'ltj, bolj.]
1. V. To fall heavily ; to throw down with violence, cut
down.
e.Yks.', Der.*, nw.Der.' s.Not. Ah wor mekkin' a water-
cestern, an' it bolsht in on me (J.P.K. ). Lei.', Nhp.', War.
iJ.R.W.) Bdf. When I've bolched the thistles, then the cattle
eat them (J.W.B.). Hnt. (T.P.F.)
2. To plunge growing plants in pots into a bed of mould.
Nhp.' You had better balch those pots of geraniums.
3. sb. A heavy fall ; the sound caused by a heavy fall.
e.Yks.', Lei.' ne.Wor. I put me foot in a hole an' come down
such abolch (J.W.P.'i. Bdf. What abolch he came down (J.W.B.).
4. adv. Heavily, suddenly.
Lei.' A went bolsh i' the cut. Nhp.' He came down full balch.
War.* To fall ' baulch ' is to come down on to the buttocks or
stomach. ' The pony shied, an' I come down baulch.'
BOLCH, i;.* Yks. [bolt/.] To poach eggs.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 14, 1891).
Hence Bolched, pp. poached.
w.Yks. To ask whether you would have your eggs bolch'd, is to
inquire whether j'ou would have them broken before they are
boiled, Watson Hist. Hlfx. (1775) 535 ; w.Yks."
BOLCHDJ, see Balchin.
BOLD, V. Sc. In phr. to bauld the glead, to kindle or
blow up the fire.
Rxb. When I . . . Shall scarce impart what wind, I fear, Might
bauld a glead for H y, A. Scott Poems (1808) 145 (Jam.).
[He tase the knyghte bi the swire, Keste hym reghte
in the fyre The brandes to balde, Sir Perceval (c. 1400)
792, in Thornton Rom. (1844) 31. The same as OE. beal-
dian, to show oneself bold. J
BOLD, adj. and adv. Sc. Irel. Yks. Lin. Nhp. Suf
Amer.
1. In phr. bold as brass, impudent, daring. In gen. colloq.
use.
Gall. Upstanding as bold as brass on the edge of the cliff,
Crockett Raiders (1894'! v. w.Yks. Noa, Dick said, as bold as
brass, Hartley Tales. 2nd S. 145 ; A common expression for an
impudent person is ' He's as bold as brass ' (J.T.). Suf. (F.H.)
2. Of children: naughty, fractious, ill-behaved.
Ir. G.M.H."! ; A naughty, fractious child, however timid, shy,
and devoid of spirit, is called ' a bold child,' TV. & O. (,18831 6th S.
viii. 67. [They rebuked him if he was bold, as he often was,
Tuackekav A'ca'coDifi", 17.]
3. Of a fire: big, great.
Sc. In many parts of the country, the kiln men will not allow
their fire to be called a bold fire, Monthly Mag. l,i8oo> I. 324.
Abd. Fesh twa-r-tliree peats to mak' the fire mair bauld, Cnidman
Inglismnill 1 1873) 46.
4. Of wheat in the ear : large, fine, well-filled out. See
Boiled.
n.Lin.' sw.Lin.' The corn is so bold, I believe it'll yield well.
The corn's a bit bolder to-year. Nhp.'
5. Freely, plentifully.
[U.S., Ten. The spring don't flow so bold as it did, Dial. Notes
(1895; 37°.]
BOLDACIOUS, adj. Dev. Cor. Also written boulda-
cious Cor.' ; bowlddacious Dev. Cor.* Audacious, bold,
brazen, impudent.
Dev. He'm the most bowldacious pusson in Debbensheer,
Phillpotts Dartmoor (1896) 215. Cor. Th' ould bird had got
ha'f-way round, . . . gettin' more boldacious an' ondacent wi' ivery
step, ' Q.' 7">ov Toivn (1888) xi ; A bowldacious wumman shouted
out ' Stop ' T. Towser ^1873) 22 ; Cor.' ; Cor.* You bowldacious
hussy.
[Repr. a welding together of lit. E. bold and audacious,
(q.v.).]
BOLDEN, V. Sc. Yks. Also written bowden n.Yks.*
[bou'dan.] To take courage, to put on a bold face ; to
embolden.
Sc. Magnus Reidman was rather boldened and kindled up with
greater ire, Pitscol/ic (17281 26 (Jam.). n.Yks.' He bowdened
oop te 't bceast, agin he'd bin a man ; n.Yks.* Bowden tiv her,
man! faint heart nivver wan fair lady. m.Yks.'
BOLDER
[331]
BOLL
[Tliis sense is due to the old rejl. use of boldeii, to take
courage. I boldencd niysell'e, & ofl'rcd a burntollcr-
ynge, Coverdale {1535) i Sam. xiii. 12.]
BOLDER, sb} Cor. A very bold person.
w.Cor. I used to peep in through the door — I was a bolder in
those days (M.A.C.). Cor.3
\Bold (adj.) + -fr, the pers. sufF. ; cp. southerner, out-
sider.]
BOLDER, sb.'^ Cum. Yks. A loud, resonant noise or
report.
Cnm. The bolder of a cannon, Linto.n Lake Cy. (1864) 297.
n.Yks.i
[Da. bidder, noise, crash ; cp. Norw. dial, balder, a loud
noise, baldra, to crack, to rattle (Aasen).]
BOLDER, see Boulder.
BOLDERING, see Buldering:.
BOLDIE, sb. Sc. The chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs.
Abd. SwAiNsoN' Biids dSSs) 63.
BOLD MAKING, vbl. sb. Som. Dcv. The acceptance
of an invitation to take refreshment; taking a liberty;
intrusion.
w.Som.' Dhangk ee, neef tiid-n tu boa'l makeen [thank you, if it
is not too bold malting]. On going away after a repast, I have very
often heard : Dhangk ee vur muy boa'l mak'een [thank you for
my bold making], Dev. Rcpotis Pmviiic. (1881) g.
BOLDRUMPTIOUS, adj. Ken. Presumptuous.
Ken. iP.M. i; Ken.' That there upstandin" boldrumptious
blousing gal of yours came blarin' down to our house,
[A welding together of bold (a.d].) and ntnipiis (sb.), the
suflf. being due to the -tiinfi/iioiis of presiiiit/>/i<oiis.]
BOLE, sb.^ Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Also written boal Sc.
In ; bowel- N.Cy.' Nhb.' Dur.i
1. A small opening in the wall for the purpose of letting
in light and air.
Sc. Open the bole wi' speed, that I may see if this be the right
Lord Geraldin, Scott Antiquary (1816) xxxii, Frf. There is no
saying when the remains would have been lifted tlirough the ' bole,'
or little window, Barkie Lichl (1888) xi. Lnk. They found the
child sticking in a narrow slit or bole, Hamilton Poems (1865)
aoi. Lth. His weaving shop had . . . two smaller boles at the end
which were hinged like doors, Strathesk More Bits (cd. 1885) 10.
2. Comp. Bole-hole, a small aperture in the wall of a barn
or stable for giving light.
Lnk. Jamie sees the light shining through the bole-hole, Fraser
IVItaiips (18951 viii. N.Cy.i. Nhb.', Dur.'
3. A small press or cupboard in the wall, used for holding
small articles in constant use.
Sc. A drap o' cauld sowens sitting i' the blind bole. Chambers
Pop. Rhymes (1870 27 ; He next went to a bole behind the gray
mare, seized a currycomb, Ochiltree Raiburii { iSgs) iii ; John
had some books ... in the window bole behind him. Whitehead
Da/I Daine (1876) 311, ed. 1894. Bnff. Tell me this instant,
where is your shirt ! — It's in the bole on the stair. Smiles Naliir.
(1876) i. Frf. A little hole, known as the 'bole,' in the wall
opposite the fireplace contained Crce's library, Barrie Licht
(1888) vii. Ayr. There sat a bottle in a bole Beyont the ingle
lowe, Burns IVeary Ptwd. N.I.' Ant. Baliyniena Obs. (1892).
S.Don. Simmons GI. ('i8go\
BOLE, sh.'^ Yks. [b9l, b9sl.]
1. The ball or fleshy part of the hand or foot. See Ball.
e.Yks. Obsol. The palm of the hand is known as the bole of
the hand, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889) 54 ; In everyday use (R.S.I.
2. The ball-shaped stomach of the crab, with its
surrounding claw-insertions in the midst of its covering
shell. n.Yks.*
[OE. bulla, any round vessel ; cp. OFris. bolla, used of
rounded parts of the body; as, for instance, kiie-bolla, the
bend of the knee ; sirot-bolla, the throat-boll (RiciiXHOFEN).
Cp. MUG. hini-bnlle. the brain-pan (Lexer).]
BOLE, sb.^ Nlib. Wm. Yks. Dcr.
1. A place, usually a round cavity on the summit of a
hill, where lead was smelted before the introduction of
smelting mills.
Wm.'The bole was filled with ore and wood, which was ignited
and blown by the wind. Der. Manlove Lead Minis ^1653) Cl.\
N. & Q. (,1889 7th S. viii. 153.
2. Comp. (I) Bole-hills, (2) -stids, heaps of metallic
scoria, which are the remains of the ancient method of
smelting lead in the open air.
(ij N.Cy.', Nhb.', w.Yks.^, nw.Der.' (a) Der. Manlove Lead
Mines '1653) Gl.
3. Obs. A limekiln.
Nhb. Limestone on the ground seven miles from bole (1724), in
Dixon H'lnllinghani I'ale 1895^ 146; Nhb.'
[Prob. a spec. mg. of lit. E. bowl; see Bole, sb.^]
BOLE, sb.* and v. S. & Ork.' 1. sb. A dense cloud of
smoke. 2. v. To burst out, as a volume of smoke. Hence
Bolin, />;•/>. sending forth much smoke.
BOLEY, V. Irel. To herd cows on a distant pasture
for a few weeks.
S.Don. Simmons Gl. (1890). s.Ir. Not used now as an ordinary
Eng. word (P.W.J.).
[Cp. Ir. biiailidh, a cow-house, dairy (O'Reilly).]
BOLGAN, sb. Sc. (Jam.)
1. A swelling that becomes a pimple. Rxb.
2. Comp. Bolgan-leaves, the nipple-wort, Lapsaiia
communis.
Sc. Supposed to be efficacious in removing swellings.
[Cp. ON. botgiia, to swell (Fritzner) ; Da. biiliie.]
BOLJOSS, sA. Stf. A clumsy failure in workmanship
or diplomacy ; a mull.
s.Stf. What a boljoss Joe made o' fixin that gate (T.P.).
BOLK, ad/. Cor. Firm.
Cor.' : Cor.2 MS. add.
BOLK, see Boke.
BOLL, si.' Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. I.Ma.
Also in form boal Nhb.'; bole N.Cy.'; bou Nhb.'; bow
Sc. Nhb.' [bou, bu.]
L A dry measure of capacity, varying from two to si.x
bushels.
So. Four bows o' aitmeal, twa bows o' bear, Scott Old Mor-
tality (1816) XX ; I have threshed out about half a boll. White-
head Daft Davie 11876) 341, ed. 1894. Frf. The quality of
nutritive matter derived from a crop of potatoes ... of about
25 bolls per acre, Stephens Farm Bk. (1849; I. 275. Per.
Nearly 6 imperial bushels, Farmer's Jrn. (Nov. 9, 1827). Ayr.
He has a purse o' gold as big as a boll o' potatoes, Galt Sir A,
fVylie (1822) Ixxxviii. Gall. He gets three an' twenty pound in
the year, ... a bow of meal, a bow o' pitatas, Crockett Stiekit
Min. (1893) 274. Kcb. A score bow o' meal joost new hame
frae the miller, Armstrong /><f/ciiV/f (1890" 150. Ir. Fourbushels,
Farmer s Jrn. i Nov. 9, 1827'. N.Cy.'^ Nhb. What is called a
boll of corn in Hexham Market contains four Winchester bushels,
the customary number in other places being only two. Denhans
Tracts (ed. 1892) I. 278 ; Nhb.' At Alnwick, a boll of barley or
oats was six bushels; of wheat two bushels. At Hexham, a boll
of barley or of oats, five bushels ; of peas, rye, or wheat, four
bushels; at Newcastle, two bushels; at Wooler, six bushels;
there called the ' aad bow ' (or Scotch ball). 'The Coal Boll has
been raised upon a measure equal, probably, to that of corn.
When " barrows" were brought into use, the quantity conveyed
increased, and along with it the boll also increased,' Taylor Arch.
Coal Tr. (1852). Nhb., Dur. The coal boll contains 9676 8 cubic
inches, or 34.899 imperial gallons, and - 2.2083 cwt., Nicholson
Coal Tr. Gl. (1888). Dnr. A boll of salt (K.). Cum., Wm., Yks.,
I.Ma. Morton Cyclo. Agnc. (1863).
2. Comp. (i) Boll-price, a price paid to 'screeners'
according to the amount of stones, &c., picked out from
the coal ; (2) -sackful, a large sackful.
(i 'i Nhb. * Screeners ' may be paid cither at a rate per daj' or at
a rate per boll, or measure, for the quantity of impurities picked
out. In the latter case they are said to be paid ' boll-price ' for
their wages I R.O.H.). Nhb., Dur. Nicholson Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
(21 Lth. Auld men that comes home frae India bring wi' them bow-
sackfu's o' siller, Strathesk Blinkbonny ed. 1891) 130.
[L Item pd. for ten boulcs of coles for the infected
people's use, 5s., Gateshead Church Bks. (16461, in Nhb.';
Hanniball . . . send thre bollis to Cartage, Barbour
Bruce (1375) m. 211. Prob. the same word as lit. E. bowl
(OE. bolla).]
BOLL, sb.'^ Sc. Irel. Nhb. Lin. Lei. Also in form
bow Sc. (Jam.) ; bowle Nhb.' The seed-vessel of flax.
Knr. It [a small shellfisls] is precisely of the appearance and size
of a lint-seed boll at a little distance. Statist. Ac . VI. 166 vJam.).
Ant. Grose (1790; MS. add. t^C.) Nhb.' Obs. n.Lin.'
V U 2
BOLL
[332]
BOLT
Hence Boiled, ///. adj. Of corn or flax : ripe, in pod, in
seed.
Lin. Still used, Streatfeild Lin. and Danes (1884') 317. n.Lin.'
Lei.i The grains [of wheat] are so boiled they are ready to jump out
of the ear.
[A boll of flax, Lini ailinus, Coles (1679) ; The bolles
of flaxe . . . made drj'e with the son, to get out the sedes,
FiTZHERBERT Hiisb. (1534) 96 ; The flax was boiled,
Bible E.x. ix. 31. The same word as bowl (OE. bolla).
Cp. MHG. boUe, a bud (Lexer).]
BOLL, sb.^ n.Cy. Lan. An object of fear, a goblin.
n.Cy. Dmiiam Tracts (ed. 1895) II. 78. Lan.'
BOLL, sb.* Irel. A head of cattle.
Mea. The deputy sovereign grasses five heads of cattle fcallcd
'bolls') for every two grazed by the portreeves and burgesses,
Athenaeum (March 3, 1883}.
BOLL, V. Yks. To pour out. Cat. used with prep.
out.
Yks. (R. H.H.) e.Yks.i Tak hod o' can an boll ya! oot.
Hence Boiler-cut, ^7). one who pours out.
Yks. In the harvest and hay-field, ' t'boUer-out drinks fust'
(R.II.H.).
[The same as lit. E. bowl (OE. bolla).]
BOLL, adj. w.Yks.^ [bol.] Left-handed. Also called
Boll-pawed. See Ballock, adj.
BOLLARD, sb. Dor. Naut. [bo-lad.] A wooden or
iron post on a ship, or quay, for securing ropes.
Dor. Standing by a bollard a little farther up the quay, Hardy
Trumpet-Major (1880) x.xxiv ; Tuesday's gale hev loosened the
pier; the bollards be too weak to make fast to. ib. Elhelberta (1876)
II. xlv. Naut. Smyth Sailors U'ord-bk. (1867) 115.
[Bollard (with shipwrights), one of the large posts set
into the ground on each side of a dock, to which blocks
are fixed, for the convenience of getting the ship into it.
Ash (1795'-]
BOLLAS, see BuUace.
BOLLING. sb. Obs. e.An. A pollard tree.
e.An.' [Boiling trees is used in all countries for pollard trees,
whose heads and branches are cut off, and only the bodies left,
Ray (1691) s.v. Boll (of a tree).]
BOLLINTON, see Bolliton.
BOLLITON, sb. Yks. Also written bollinton e.Yks.^
[bolitan.] In phr. to give bolliton, to inflict punishment
or chastisement.
e.Yks. Still in use in the more northern parts of Holderness.
Bolliton is the local pronunciation of Bridlington (^R.S.); e.Yks.'
BOLLOCK, see Ballock.
BOLSH, adj. and v. Yks. [bolj.]
1. In camp. Bolsh-bodied, stout.
w.Yks. Shoo's a bit bolsh-bodicd (B.K.) ; (G.B.W.)
2. V. To kill by overfeedmg.
w.Yks.^ Tha'll bolsh that if tha' doesn't mind.
BOLSHIN, see Balchin.
BOLSTER, sb.^ and v. Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs. Nhp. War.
Shr. Hmp. Som. Dcv. Cor. Also written balster Hmp.';
bowster Yks. Lan.' Chs.'
1. sb. In comp. (i) Bolster-drawer, a pillow-case or slip;
(2) -head, a silly, soft-headed person ; (3) -pudding, a jam
'roly-poly ' pudding.
(i) Yks. Yks. N. & Q. (1888) II. 15. {z] Lan. Aw owt to o had
moor scnce, than leov a bovvster-yed loike yon it th' heawse,
Wood Hum. Stetc/ies, 16; He's sure to be punce't for't, oather bi
one bowstcr-yed or another, Waugh Yetlt-Bobs (1867; i ; Lan.',
Chs.' (3) War. ( J.R.W.), Hmp.', Wil.', w.Cor. (,M.A.C.)
2. The cross-piece or rail between the axle-tree and
body of a cart or wagon.
Nlip.', w.Som.', nw.Dev.', Cor.^
3. A carriage for timber ; a loose piece of wood in a
timber-carriage on which the end of the log rests.
Lan.' w.Som.' The use of the bolster is to jiennit the forc-
Vvhcels to ' lock' without disturbing the burden fixed to it.
4. Coinp. (i) Bolster-chain, a short, strong chain, one
end of which slides on a strong bar fixed to the 'futchels'
(q V.) of a timber-carriage, and the other end is fastened
to the end of the tree to be carried ; (2) -piece, a support
at one end of a log, used by sawyers.
w.Som.' The use of the bolster-chain is to hold up and keep
steady the front of the fore-carriage, to which the shafts are hinged.
5. That part of a mill on which the axle-tree moves.
Sc. (Jam.) Abd. (W.M.)
6. A solid lump of steel or other metal, between the tang
and the blade of a knife.
w.Yks. We'd none a yer werligig polishin ; nor Tom Dockin
scales, wi t'bousters cumin off, Bywater Shcjfield Dial. (1839) 14;
w.Yks.2 [In forged blades bolsters are formed from the solid iron
welded to the steel blade, Gl. Lab. (1894).]
7. Comp. Bolster-stone, a stone used by grinders in
grinding the bolsters of knives. w.Yks.'^
8. V. To prop up or support ; to heap together. Also
ustA Jig. \n gen. \ise.
Lin. The fences all on 'em bolster'd oop wi' the windle that
night, Tennyson Oii'd Rod 118891. Nhp.' I've bolstered him up a
little while, but I think it will not be long before he fails. Shr.^
Bolster 'em up in a ruck anenst the wall.
9. To set up the fore-carriage in its proper position, when
loading a timber-carriage. w.Som.'
[3. Cp. Sw. dial, bolster, a beam used for supporting the
bed of a carriage ; also, a beam on which floor-boards
rest (RiETz).]
BOLSTER, sb."^ Obs. n.Lin.^ A bolt ? [Not known
to our correspondents.]
[For making ij lockes and bolsteres, Leverton Churchw.
Ace. (1503), in Archaeologia, XLI. 341.]
BOLT, sZ).' Yks. Dev. A kind of arrow. In phr. (i)
as straight as a bolt, very straight, upright ; (2) to shoot
one's bolt, to be exhausted ; (3) Bob makes bolts and Tom
shoots them, one makes excuses and the other applies
them; (4) a fool's boll is soon shot, a foolish speech carries
no weiglit ; (5) tliis bolt never came out of your bag.
(i) e.Yks. Nicholson Fli-Sp. (18891 21. (2; Dev. ' I've shot my
bolt too, neighbour ! ' says the defeated sportsman to his comrade
in distress, Whyte-Melville Katerfello (1875) xxiii. (3) n.Yks.2
e.Yks.i MS. add. (TH.) (4) n.Yks.= A feeal's bolt is seean shotten.
[(K. 1] (5) w.Yks. Prov. in Brigliouse News (July 23, 1887I.
[(i) Cp. Chaucer: Long as a mast, and upright as a bolt,
C. 7'.A.3264. (4) Sottes bolt is sone i-scohte(v.r. i-scoten),
Prov. Alfred (c. 1275) 421, in O. E. Misc., ed. Morris, 128.
OE. bolt, a crossbow arrow ; cp. MHG. bolz ; die glossen
verdeutschen catapulta durch bolz, u. aus piilta 1st bols
durch umdeutschung entstanden (Lexer) ; see Diefen-
BAcii Gloss. (1867).]
BOLT, 5/).= Sc. Lan. Won Oxf Brks. Ess. Hmp.
Som. Written bout, bowt (Jam. SuppL).
1. A roll of cloth, fustian, canvas, &c., containing 28 ells.
w.Sc. (Jam. Stippl.)
2. A bundle of osiers, of various dimensions ; a truss of
straw from 12 to 14 lbs.
Lan. [At the rush-bearings] the rushes are laid transversely on
the rush-cart and are cut by sharp knives to the form desired. The
bolts, as they are termed, are formed of the longest rushes tied up
in bundles of about 2 ins. in diameter, Hone Year-Bk. (1832) col.
1 105. w.Wor.' From 12 to 14 lbs. Oxf.' MS. add. Brks. 42
inches round, 14 inches from the butts, Morton Cycle. Agric. (1863).
Ess. A bundle of which 80 make a load, ib. ; Kennett Par. Atitiq.
(1695). Hmp. 42 inches round at the lower band, Morton Cyclo.
Agric. (1863). Wil.' In basket-making, a bundle of osiers 40
inches round. Som, (^W.F.R.)
3. Comp. Bowt-rushes, choice rushes used in the making
of rush-carts. Lan.'
BOLT, sb.^ Yks. Wor. Sus. Hmp. Cor.
1. Wood cut into pieces for lath-making.
Bus. (F.E.S.), Hmp.'
2. A narrow, walled passage between houses.
n.Yks.'=, ra.Yks.'
3. A stone-built drain ; a dam in a brook, the door of
which can be drawn up for the water to pass through.
Wor. -H.K.), Cor.' 2
BOLT, v.^ Sc. Nhb. Yks. Der. Lin. Also Dev. Also
written boot Dcr.' ; boult N.Cy.' Nhb.' n.Yks.= [bout,
but.]
1. To sift flour through a sieve or fine cloth.
Nhb.' e.Yks. Obs. Nicholson Fti-Sp. (1889). w.Yks.', Der.',
n.Lin.', Dev.^
BOLT
[333]
BOLTING
Hence (i) Bolted, ppl. adj. sifted, refined ; (2) Bolter,
sb. (a) a miller ; (i) an oak chest in which ground corn
was separated into fine flour, bran, and pollards ; (c) the
cloth round a bolting mill ; (3) Bolting, vbl. sb. the
process of sifting meal.
(l) Sc. There were twal' and twal' \vi' baken bread, And twal'
and twal' wi' bouted flour. Scorr Minstrelsy (1802) 362, ed. 1839.
Nhb.' White flour and white bread were formerly called ' bolted '
or' booted.' An advt, of 1828 reads,' Hay and Maclain, Bolted bread
bakers, &c.' A booted-loaf [was] niadespcclally for the'cryin'oot,'
the timewhen an increase in the family occurred. (3,0)16. (6 Ken.
Obsol. (P.M.) (c) [Kennett Par. A>iliq. (1695).] (3) Sc. Sifting
our mclder and in bolting it too, Scott il/oMai7f;3'( 1820) viii. n.Lin.i
2. Conip. (i) Boult-cloth, the cloth used in sifting meal;
(2) -house, the place in which flour was sifted.
(I) Sc.(Jam. S»/'//.) N.Cy.' !2)n.Yks.2
3. Fig. To examine, get to the bottom of.
n.Yks.2 Let us boult it ouU
4. To sort or count.
Dev. Native of Rockbeare : ' I have bolted the clothes, ma'am,'
meaning she had sorted them for the laundress. In constant use.
Reports Provinc. 1 i88g ; Dev.*
[1. To bolt me.'oX. farinam cemere, Coles (1679) ; Pouder
of the roots of Orrice . . . searced or bolted into most fine
dust, Gerarde Herb. (ed. 1633I 912. (2, c) A bolter
(sieve), retictiliim, cribniiii pollinariiim, Coles (1679) ;
Eslaiitine, a strainer, searce, boulter, or boulting cloth,
CoTCR. 3. If truth were truely bolted out, TussER //«5A.
(1580) 152; But I ne can not bulte it to the bren, Chaucer
C. T. B. 4430. OF. bidder, to sift, for biireler, fr. bure, a
cloth used for sifting (Hatzfeld, s. v. Blii/er).]
BOLT, f.'' Van dial, uses in Eng. Also written boult
Kcn.' = ; bout e.Lan.^ Shr.' ; bowt s.Chs.' nw.Der.'
1. To run away, depart quickly; to abscond. In geii.
colloq. use.
Lan. Aw paik'd miscl up an' bowted afoor he'd toime to ax ony
qiieshtuns, Ferovso^i Afoiidyzfc"'/', 18. ne.Lan.', e.Lan.' Chs. We
sixpunse payd an bouted in a spot, C/is. N. if Q. (18S1) I. 173.
nw.Der.' n.Lin.^ Hebohtedawaay assoon as we clapt eeson him.
War.^ He was 'prentic'd to a tailor, but he bolted for a soldier.
w.Wor. He's two holes in his coot — one to go in at and the tother
for boltin', ]V'or. Jni. 1 Mar. 10, 1888). Shr., Hrf. Bound Prov.
Brks.' Slang. She's bolted and left me here to starve, Haggard
Col. Otinriteli 1888) HI. v.
2. Of a horse : to run away, to shy, to swerve.
nXin.' He was a good 'un to goa, but he bolted reightroond at
ivcry stoan heap as he past. Shr.' W'y that 'orse as 'e bought las'
far bouted o'er the 'edge, an' throwed 'im. w.Som.t
Hence Bolter, sb. a horse that shies.
nLin.i Slir.' That 'orse wuz al'ays a bouter.
3. To put to flight, esp. to drive a rabbit or fox, iS:c., froin
its burrow.
ne.Lan.' s.Chs.t Iv yoa' bin'"u of, ahy)l buwt yfi [if j'ou binna
off, I'll bowt y6]. Brks.i To bolt a rabbit is to drive it quickly
from the warren into the open. w.Som. ' Faeumus leedl biich tu
boalt u fauks [famous little bitch to bolt a fo.\]. Rabuts d-au vees
boa'ltee bas een vrau'stee wadh'ur [rabbits do always bolt best in
frosty weather]. [Maver Sfitsiiin's Direct. {18^5) I43-]
Hence Bolting-hole, sb. a hole by which a rabbit makes
its escape. w.Som.'
4. Coiiip. (i) Bolt-cart, a cart swung below the axle
instead of above it; (2I -hole, a hole by which a rabbit
makes its escape when pursued; also usedyrg'., any means
of escape.
(i) Not.2 (2) s.Chs. (T.D.) Not. He's maybe gotten a bolt-
hole o' t'other side LC.M). n.Lin.' Th' sarvant chaps stoal th'
corn for th' herses thrif a boht-hoale behind th' machine. Thoo'll
just hev' to gie in, Jack, becos we've maade all bi>ht-hoales agen
thfi an' thoo can't get oot o' this business. Nlip /^. War.^
5. Of the eyes: to protrude, start out of the head.
Wil. (G.E.D.) ; A portrait was a good one, but ' his eyes bolt
so,' meaning thereby full, staring eyes, that seem to start out of
the head, Jefferies Hdgrw. (1889) 189. Slang. My daughter has
lots of pluck, but her eyes are bolting out of her head this morning
. . . after last night's work, Shart Master 0/ Ii(itl:l;elly{i888) II. xiii.
Hence Bolted, ppl. adj. prominent, protruded.
Wil. 01 a little girl they said she was pretty, but slie had bolted
eyes, Jefferies Hdgrw. (1889) 189 ; (G.E.D. >
6. Of plants : to run to seed.
e.An.' Suf. My onions, spinach, and radishes have all bolted.
Very common (F.H.).
7. To speak suddenly, unadvisedly.
n.Lin.' He bolted oot all he knew, though we bed tolled him to
keap squat.
8. To swallow food hastily without proper mastication.
In gen. colloq. use.
n.Yks. (T.S.J s Not. How that child does bolt her food (J.P.K.).
n.Lin ', Lei.*, Nlip ', e.An.' Hmp. Holloway. Colloq. Courtiers
were bowing and making legs. While Charlei' le Roi was bolting
eggs, Barham Ingoldsby (1864) Truants.
9. In phr. lo bolt pork, to cut it in pieces so as to swallow
it without mastication.
Ken.2 Ken , Sus. Grose (1790) Siippl.
BOLT, v.^ Lei. Glo. To truss straw. Cf. bolt, sb.^
Lei.' Glo. Marshall y^Hr. iTfoH. (1789 ; Gl. (,1851 ; Glo.'
BOLT, adv. Yks. Lin. War. In phr. (1) bolt at, or
upon, straight at, with violence, suddenly, precipitately;
(2) — on end, upright. Cf. bolt, sb.^ (i).
(i) nLin. Sum'ats cum'd tearin' along th' strcat, an' bolt at th'
chappil door, 1'eacock Tales and Rhymes (1886) 131. War.*
Colloq. 1 came bolt upon Dizzy as I went into the Athenaeum,
Lilt. M. Arnold \i8g~i) II. 144. ^2) e.Yks.' n.Lin.' He deed e'
his chair sittin' up bolt-on-end.
BOLTA-STONE, sb. Sh.I. A stone of about 16 lbs.
weight attached to the buoy-ropes for sinking the long
lines at the ' Haaf
S. & Ork. ' Termed also cappie stane (q.v.).
BOLTED BREAD, sb. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Dcr. In
form booted N.Cy.' w.Yks.' Dcr.'; bouted Cum. Wm.'
Bread made of sifted meal mixed with rye. Cf. bolt,
I/.' 1 (i).
N.Cy.' Nhb. Grose (i-igo\. Cum. .Some stiv'd the keale wi'
bout'd bread, Gilpin Pop. Poetry (1875 204. Wm.', w.Yks.',
Der.'
BOLTEEN, sb. Irel. The stick of the flail.
s.Lns. With a whack from Pat. a thwack from Mat, The bolteens
quickly fly, //-. Aoinitis (1894) "6.
[Ir. buailtin. that stick of the flail which strikes the corn
in threshing, fr. buailini, I strike, thresh (O'Reilly).]
BOLTEN, V. e.Yks.' pp. of fo bolt.
BOLTER, v.'^ Nhp. War. Bdf. e.An. Of snow, dirt,
&c. : to cohere, coagulate ; to form into lumps. Cf. baiter.
Nhp.' War.^ Dirt collected on the hairs of a horse's leg and
forming into hard masses is said to bolter.
Hence (i) Bolted, ppl. adj. of a bump: raised; (2)
Boltered, ppl. adj. coagulated, formed into lumps.
(He.An.' (2)War.^ Bdf. BATCHELORyJua/. £>/^. /.n/i^. (1809).
BOLTER, t'.' Lei. [bolt3(r).] To chip or splinter.
Lei.' The fire-bricks always bolter in a frost.
BOLTHER, sb. e.Lan.' [bolba(r).] River drift;
macadamized stones. Cf bolter, v., boulder.
BOLTING, sb. War. Wor. Shr. llrt. Glo. Oxf Wil.
Also in form boltin War.= Shr.' Glo.' Wil.' ; bolton Oxf.' ;
boulting Shr.'^ Wil.'; boutin Shr.'^ [boultin, boutin.|
A bundle or sheaf of straw, varying from 12 to 24 lbs. in
w^eight. Cf batten. See Bolt^ sb.'^ 2.
w"ar. (J.R W.) ; War.* w.Wor.' s.Wor (U.K.) ; (F.W.M.W.)
se Wor.' The boltings (12 to 14 lbs. weight; of best and longest straw
are tied with two bands, those containing the short and inferior
straw wilh only one. What a fright thu bist, wench ; thee look'st
like a baowtin' tied o' one bond. Shr. An they gotten a boutin o'
straw, Burne FlkLore (1883) vi ; Shr.' Said of an uncomely
woman-servant,' 'Er wuz jest like a boutin o' straw OOth one bun'
round it ' ; Shr.' Fach a boutin o' straw. Shr., Hrf. Bound Prov.
(1876). Hrf.'2 i.( lbs. Glo. 24 lbs., Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863) ;
(A.B.); Glo.', Oxf.' Wil.' A sheaf of five or ten ' elms' (q.v.),
prepared beforeliand for thatching.
BOLTING, vbl. sb. n.Cy. Yks. Lin. Hrt. Sur. Also
written booltin- w.Yks.* ; boulting- Hrt. [bou'ltin,
boutin.]
1. The coarse meal which is sifted from the flour. See
Bolt, t'.'
n Lin.' Sur. Do look at the boultings, sir ! IIoskyns Talpa
,1852) 139. ed. 1857.
2. Conip. (i) Bolting-cloth, a cloth used in mills for
BOLTON QUARTER
[334]
BOND
siftin" meal ; (2) -house, the place in which meal is sifted ;
(3) -hutch, (a) the tub, box, or enclosure into which meal
is sifted; ib) a sieve for flour in a sifting-machine ; (4)
•mill, a hand-mill for sifting; (5) -on, meal wasted in
making oatcake.
(I Lin. Thompson Hist. Boston (1856") 142. n.Lin.^ (2) Yks.
Yks. N. & Q. (1888) II. e.Yks. In the bowting house: one
bowling tube, Best Riii: Ecoii (1641) 172. (3, n i n.Lin.' In the
boultinge house, one dough trough ij bolting-wittches, Union
Invent. (1620) 29. (b) Hrt. Ellis Cy. Hsuf. (1750) 188. (4)
n.Cy. Grose (1790) MS. add. (P.) [KzimETT Par. Antiq. (,1695).]
(5 w.Yks.3
BOLTON QUARTER, phr. Obs. Lan. Death with-
out mercy.
Lan.May2, 1644. Bolton was taken. . . . Manyasweet saint slain :
no quarter would be given, so that it grew into a prov. 'Bolton-
quartcr,'AMnROSE Media (1650) 72, in A'. & Q. (1888) 7th S. v. 406.
BOLTON TROTTER, sb. Lan. Written Bowtun-.
One who practises on another the kind of chaff common
in Bolton.
Lan. Well then, aw sed, to kom tuth po3'nt, 3-o'r Bowtun trotturs,
Ormerod Felky fro Rachde (1851) 62, ed. 1856; In use among
working people (F.E.T.).
BOLUS NOLUS, //;>-. Dev. Nolens volens, 'willy-
nilly.'
n.Dev. Tes thesi bolus nolus wut ha' ma? E.xni. Crtshp. (1746)
1. 401. Dev.3 Still used.
BOLY, sb. e.Lan.' A word of fright addressed to
children, a ' boggart,' hobgoblin. Cf. boll, sb.^
[He came . . . raving at the bellies and bolleroys . . .
and said, The hollies plagued him, Trial E. Aniohi (i-jz^)
in Howell's Stcife Trials (1812) XVL 737 (N.E.D.).]
BOMACIE, sb. Sc. Thunder.
Ayr. ' It looks like a bomacie,' it bodes a thunder-storm f Jam.V
BOMAN-TEG, sb. Som. Dev. Putty, varnish, &c.,
used by carpenters to fill up and cover over bad joints or
defective wood. See Beaumontague.
w.Som.'That's what we calls boman-teg[boamun tag*], so hard's
any 'ood or ire. nw.Dev.' Called also Charity, because it covers
a multitude of sins.
BOMARISKIE, sb. Sc. The herb, Ononis arvensis.
Cld. Sometimes called wild licorie i,Jam.).
BOMBARD, sb. Obs. >. Sc.
1. Cannon.
Fif. Their twa bombards on the ground Were thunderin' wi' an
awsome sound, Tennant Papistry 1,1827) 218.
2. CoiJip. Bonibard-shot, cannon shot.
Fif. They . . . split the crowd wi' shank and showther, Like
bombard-shot a-birrin, ib. 110.
[1. Bombard, a great gun or piece of ordnance, Bul-
LOKAR (1680); All them that ben archers, and haue
bowes, gonnes, bombardcs, Caxton Reynard (1481), ed.
Arber, 58. OFr. bombarde, ' grosse piece d'anillerie '
(La Curne).]
BOMBARREL, see BumbarreL
BOMBAZE, see Bumbaze.
BOMB-BOAT, sec Bumboat.
BOMBLE, sb} Som. A log of wood hung round a
cow's neck when the animal is 'breachy' or inclined to
break fence. Som. (W.F.R.)
BOMBLE, sb.^ Q\o} The potato-apple.
BOME, V. I.W. Dor. Som. [b5m.] To swing about,
carry loosely ; to swagger in walking.
I.W. A griskin on her head homes, Moncrieff Dream in Gent.
Mag. fiSea) ; I.W.i; I.W.= He homed into church as if he was
Lord Holmes.
Hence Boming, (i) ppl. adj. hanging down, like a
woman's long hair; swaying about; (2) vbl. sb. roaming
about, loitering.
(i I Dor. A 'homing tree' is one too slender to stand upright
(O.P.C). Som. W. & J. Gt. 11873. (2, Dor. Tired out wi'
boaming about the country. Hardy Elhclherta ; 1876) I. i ; Arne
[run] straight home from school, don't cego boming about (H.J. M.).
[Cp. the use of boom (vb.) as applied to a ship. A ship
is said to come booming, when she makes all the sail she
can, Phillips (1706J.J
BOMESWISH, adv. I.W. At full speed, headlong.
See Bonneswish.
I.W.^ I met wold varmer Taalor and hes missus in their new
pony caart gwyne bomeswish over Staplers.
BOMILL, sb. Abd. (Jam.) A cooper's instrument.
BOMMOCK, BOMMUX, see Bammock.
BOMULLO(CK, see Bamullo.
BON, adj. Obs. (?) Sc. Gratuitous. See Boon, sb.'^
Sc. He that trusts to bon ploughs will have his land Ue lazy,
Kelly Colt. Prov. (1721) 149.
BONALLY, sb. Sc. Good-speed, farewell ; also, a
farewell dinner or supper.
Sc. Here is your bonally, my lad, Scott Pirate (1821) iv ;
Bonaillay, applied to a meeting by friends to entertain one, as at
dinner or supper, from respect, who is about to leave his place of
abode, A^. & Q. (1872) 4th S. \yt.. Qi-j.
[Bonalais drank rycht glaidly in a morow, Wallace (1488)
IX. 45. Fr. bon allcr, a good going ; cp. bon voyage.^
BONAUGHT, sb. Irel. A tliick round cake made of
oatmeal, baked on the clear turf coal, and often used on
the first making of meal after the harvest.
N.I.i. Ant. S.A.B.)
[Ir. bonnach, an oaten cake (O'Reilly). The same word
as Sc. bannock (q.v.) ; see Macbain.]
BONCE, sb. Hmp. Dor. Som. Also in form boncer
Hmp.' [bons, bons3(r).] A very large marble, a stone
ball. Cf bounce.
Hmp.i Used to strike marbles from a ring. Dor.^, w.Som.i
BON-CRAB, 5/). Cor.i'^ [bo-n-kraeb.] The female of
the edible crab, Platycarciniis pagitnis.
[Bon prob. means ' female.' Cp. Wei. btin, woman, In
and Gael. Acah.]
BOND, sb.'^ Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. [bond,
bon.]
L A wisp of twisted hay or straw used for binding up
sheaves of corn, trusses of hay, &c. Cf. band, sb.^ 4.
se.Wor.' Shr.i I'he bond is that as ties the corn into bundles,
Acad. 0/ Armory, bk. in. iii. Hrf.^ GIo. The straw's so dratted
rotten we can't make a bond wi' it to tie wi', Buckman Darke's
Sojourn (1890) 195 ; GIo.', Oxf.* Ken. Bonds are gen. made in
the foil, way — two handfuls of corn-stalks are taken with the
stalks of straw arranged regularly and the ears of each together
at the same end : the two lots of stalks are then twisted together
at the ears (P.M.'i ; Ken.' Where's Tom ? — He's with feyther
making bonds. Sus.' [The sheaf opens wider and lets the rain
into the bonds. Lisle Husbandry (.1757) 209.]
2. The tire of a wheel ; a band or hoop of any metal.
w.Som.' Sheaves and faggots have binds, not bonds. A mere
fastening, however strong, as a chain, is not a bond. Plai'zr kn
ur ae- u baun puut pun dhu pluump ? dhu vrau-s-v u-kraak-n
[please, sir, can we have a bond put on the pump ? the frost has
cracked it]. nw.Dev.'
Hence Bond, v. to put a tire upon a wheel, to fit an
iron ring upon anj'thing. w.Som.'
3. Conip. (i) Bond-course, a heading-course, a course of
bricks or stones inserted at intervals crosswise in a wall
for the purpose of tying the other courses together;
(2) -stone, [a] a large stone put in a rubble wall for the
purpose of tying the other courses together ; (b) a land-
mark, a boundary.
(O n.Lin.i {2, a) ib. (b^ n.Dev. Grose {I'jgo) MS. add. {H.)
BOND, sb.^ and v. Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
L sb. Obs. An agreement between coal-owners and
their men by which the men were obliged to work under
stated conditions for twelve months.
Nhb.' Nhb., Dur. Nicholson Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
2. Couip.(i) Bond-money, earnest money, or 'arles' given
on engaging a servant ; (2) -prices, the prices agreed to
as set forth in the bond ; (3) -(s-man, a surety, one who
gives security for another.
(i"! Nhb.' (21 Nhb., Dur. Nicholson Coal Tr. Gl. (1888). fs'l
n. Yks.' What's thou to be surveyor, George ? An' wheea's tha'
bon's-man, man ? Lan. The baillies . . . agreed to go away if he'd
find 'em a bondsman, Waugh Rambles in Lake Cy. (1861) iiL
3. V. To mortgage.
Rnf. I've heard that his property's bonded. That's no very
likely, I troo, Barr Poans (1861) log. Gall. I got tlje place
BOND
[3351
BONE
quietly bonded, and bought him old Dr. Aitkin's practice . . . with
the money, Crockett S/i.tit Miii. (1893) 8.
[Legal senses of Bond, sb}]
BOND, sA.3 ois.? Nhb. In coiii/>. (i) Bond-darg, a
day's labour rendered to the lord of the manor or to the
landlord, sec Darg ; (2) -ryding, the name of some piece
of ground which had been ridded or cleared of wood, and
for which its owner was bound to do certain services to
his lord. Cf. boon, sb.'
(I) Khb.i A remarkable custom, derived from the feudal system,
is still observed at Great Whittington. The freeholders are
obliged to send seven mowers and fourteen reapers to Halton
Castle for one day every year, when called upon. It is called the
' bond darg.' The labourers receive no wages, but are plentifully
supplied with victuals and drink, Mackenzie & Dent I/iit. Nhb.
(i8ni Bid. (si Nhb.'
BONDAGE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Also written bonage,
bonnage Sc.
1. Service rendered as part-payment to a land-proprietor
by his tenant, or to a farmer hy a cottager. Cf. boon, sb.'^
Kcd. Bonage . . . was exacted either in seed-time, or in ploughing
and harrowing the proprietor's land, or in summer in the
carriage of his coals, . . . and in harvest in cutting down his crop,
Agr. S:t>v. 213 (Jam.X Nhb. Jane wrought the 'bondage' on
the farm where her brother was 'hind,' and worked from 6 a.m.
to 6 p.m. for the handsome sum of fifteen-pence, Weddle Boidager
in Cent. Mag. (Nov. 1896": 433; Nlib.' A relic of the olden time
still lingers under the name of the ' bondage sj'Stcm,' entailing, not
serfdom, but the necessity of finding e.\tra labour in field work,
RODERTSON Hist. (,1872).
Hence Bondager, sb. a female field-worker whom the
hind covenants to supply on his engagement to a
farmer.
Sc. Tibby had been a bondager on one of the Hirscl Farms,
WniTEiiE.\D Daft Davie (1876) 100; Every person who held
a cottage as part of his or her yearly agreement was bound to
provide a full-bodied out-worker or bondager for service on the
farm, Lu.msden Sheep-heael, 32; Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
N.Cy.' Nhb. The bondagers puH'd turnips for fovverpence a day,
CiiATT Poems (.1866) 87 ; Heath Eiig. Peas. (18931 86.
2. Comp. (i) Bondage-hook, a tenant bound by the
terms of his lease to reap for the proprietor in harvest ;
(2) -peats, fuel with which a tenant is obliged to furnish
his landlord, according to the terms of his lease. Abd.
(Jam.)
[1. If the nief were once free and clearly discharged
of bondage (clcerment discharge de villenage) to all
intents, she cannot be nief after, Tcrmes de la Ley (1671),
cd. Blount, 473. OF. bondage, vilaine tenue (Roquefort).
Cp. MLat. bondagiuiii. Boiuiagiiim or vi//eiiagiitin, Skeke
E.vpos. Termes "(1641) 22. Prom ON. buudi, peasant,
husbandman.]
BONDER, V. Chs. [bo'nd3(r).] To wander aimlessly
about.
s.Chs.' It s jiist lahyk dheyz laadz un wen'shiz ; dhai lahykn
tii goa" bon'durin ubuw't aaf'tur daa'rk [It's just like thcise lads
an' wenches ; they liken to go bonderin about after dark].
BONDLAND, sb. Sus. Old cultivated or yard-lands
as distinguished from assart-lands.
Sus.* Used in Framficld and Ma^'field; Sus.^
[OE. boiide-Uiiid, land held by bondage tenure. OE.
buitda, ON. buiidi, husbandman ; sec Bondage.]
BOND-NUT, sb. Suf ' A cobnut. [Not known to our
correspondents ; prob. the same as bong-nut, q.v.]
BONDSFOLK, see Boond.
BOND-SUCKEN, «(/y. Obsot. Cum. Of a farm: held
on the condition of having all the corn grown upon it
ground at the manorial mill.
Cum. Than to t'bond-sucken mill tak't to old Robin Peel,
Dickinson Ciiiiibr. (18761 254 ; Cum.'
[Socome, an old law word, signifying the custom of
grinding at the lords mill ; and there is Bond- Socome,
where the tenants arc bound to it, Blount (1670). Bond
repr. OE. buiida, ON. hoitdi, peasant, landholder, as in
bond/and (q.v.). Sucken rcpr. ME. so/r;;, a district. Of
Banneburics sokne, P. P/owinan (c.j in. 11 1. OE. socn,
jurisdiction.]
BONDY, sb. Yks. A simpleton. [Prob. misprint for
' body '; Ray copied by later Glossaries.]
Yks. Kay (,1674; ; /{'(/s. /rout 18I/1 Cent. Diet, in Lceeis Merc.
(Feb. 9, 1884'!.
[Bondy, Yks., simpleton, Coles (1677).]
BONE, sb. Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. Eng.
1. Obs. ? A bobbin for making lace.
n.Cy. (K.) ; Grose ( 1790) ; N.Cy.* Bck. The lace-makcrs still
call their work ' getting their bread out of the bones ' (Nares,
1822).
2. A drift of snow left in a sheltered place after a general
thaw.
Der.'* Bones of snow. nw.Der.'
3. With adj. bad: an evilly disposed person, with an
inbred badness.
Cum. I J. P.) ; iJ.A.) ; Cum.' He's a bad bcann.
4. Of land: hardness, firmness.
Not.' Farm labourers will speak of the bone being out of the
land when the frost has left it. War.^
5. In phr. (i) fo have a bone in the arm or leg, an excuse
given to children by a person unwilling to do what has
been asked of him ; in gen. use ; (2) to have a bone to pick
with a person, to have a cause of complaint against him ;
in gen. use ; (3I to make no bones of, to make no difficulty
of ; in gen. use ; (4) to make old bones, to live to an old
age.
VI) Chs.* Nay, choilt, aw canna toss the', aw'vegetten a bone i'
my arm. Oxf.' MS. add. Brks.' I caant do't vor 'e now I've
a-got a bwun in my leg. (2) n.Lin.* Colloq. I have a bone to
pick along with jou, George ! Baring-Goulu Melialali [1885) 85.
(3) Wm.' ric mak necah beeans on't. w.Yks. I'll tak tul't an'
mak' no boans abaht it, Cudwoktii Sketclies (1884) I3 ; w.Yks.'
Maad naa baans on't, ii. 341. Lan. An' he mays no sma' booans
on't, thae sees, Kav-Siiuitleworth Searsdale (i860) II. 107.
Der. They made no bones about it, but just went like two scared
deer over the wall, Gushing Foe 1^18881 I. viii ; Dec.*, nw.Der.',
Not.' n.Lin.' He maade noa boiins atoot it, but lock'd up th'
j'aate-stead at once. Nhp.', War.^, Hrt. iG.G.) Nrf. I'd niver
make no bon's about that (,E. M.). Dev. He made no bones of
telling me about it, poor chap! Stooke Not E.vactly, vi. (^4) Lei.'
Ah nivver med count as a'd mek o'd boons. War.^
6. Comp. (i) Bone-bad, thoroughly bad; (2) -blast,
a disease of the bone ; (3) -dog, the common dog-fish,
Spiiia.x acanthias ; (4) -dry, dry as a bone, verj- dry ;
(5) -enterin', of cold weather : sharp, penetrating to the
bone; (6) -flower, the daisy, Bellis perennis, cf banewort
(i) ; (7) -healthing, inflammation in the bones; 181 -hugg-
ing, carrying corpses to the grave ; (9) -idle, (10) -lazy,
extremely idle; (ii) -lean, having the bones projecting;
(12) -picked, lean, cadaverous; (13) -pins, pins made of
mutton bones formerly used for fastening roofing slates ;
(14) -sore, aching with fatigue ; (15) -tired, very weary.
(i) n.Lin. Them boanc-bad uns knaws nowt aboot. Peacock
Taates (,1889) 37. (2. Not. I'm very much afeard it'll be a bone-
blast (L.C.M.); Not.3 (3) Sus. (F.F..S.) [Satchell (1879I.]
(4) Rnf. An auld neebor hove in sight, Bane dry himsel' An'
spread abune me, drookit wliicht. His big umbroll'.'V'oUNG Pictitres
(1865) 128. N.I.', n.Yks. I.W.i, n.Lin.', Nhp.', 'War.^, e.An.'
Cmb.' \ou may take them things ofl'the line now — they're bone-
dry. Nrf.' (51 Lin. It's been so bone-cnterin' cowd nobody's
coined to get nowt done, Peacock J. Marten/ic/d ^iS-js) I. 114. (6)
n.Cy. Grose (1790). w.Yks. lIunoN 7'oi<r to Caves (1781).
ne.Lan.' (7) n.Dev. Urchy Thorn's bonehcalthing's gan, RoCK
y/»i n«' AV//(i867i St. 65. 18. w.Yks." (.ge.Yks.' w.Yks.
(S.K.C.); w.Yks.'' Stf.* Th.it chap'll nivver diu any good. lICI's
just bone-idle. Not.' n.Lin.' He's strong enif fcr onything, but
he's boane-idled. sw.Lin.' He's a real bone-idle old fellow.
War.^ Slang. 1 slapped 'is face for a bone-idle beggar! Kii'Ling
Badalia (1890- 5. (, 10' Hrf.", e.An.' Cmb.' I don't know what
I shall do wi' y'r — you're thoroughly bone-lazy. (11) Cmb. It
will fatten a bullock or horse though put unto it bone lean,
Marshall Reviciv Agiic. (1814) IV. 640. (i2~i n.Yks." (13
Nhb.' Ois. (141 n.Yks.", Chs.'", e.An.' (15 n.Cy. Poetry Prov.
in Com/:. Mag. (18651 XII. 31. e.An.', Suf. .F.H.)
[1. Bones, bobbings, as bone-lace, i.e. bobbing-lace,
Bailey (1721); Now for women . . . they have curious
needleworks, cut-works, spinning, bone-lace. Burton
Anat. Mel. (1621), ed. 1896, 11. 112; The free maids that
BONE
[336]
BONEY
weave their thread with bones, Shaks. Tivelflh Nt. u. iv. 46.
5. (i) I can't go, for I have a bone in my leg, Swift Pt>/;/f
Co>iv. (c. 17061 III. (Dav.) (2) I have given him a bone
to pick. Inject scrnpnhiin hoiiiiiii, Robertson Pliras. (1693).
(3) He made no bones of it to run away from the fire, ib. ;
My maide . . . shall make no bones to deliver you this
male, RiCHE /«;-«t'f// (1581) (Nares). 6. (6) The daisies
doe mitigate all kinde of paines, but especially of the
ioynts, and gout, Gerarde Herb. (ed. 1633) 637 ; Consolida
minor . . . ossa fracta consolidat, angl. bonwort, Alphita,
45-]
BONE, v} Yks. Chs. [bean.] To annoy by repeated
dunning, or by constant solicitation ; freq. with prep, at,
or on.
w.Yks. I doan't like to see a lot o' chaps boanin' at wun d' ther
shopinaites for a fooitin', Frogland Olin. (1S63) 16; He'll bone
thuli wol thah pays him ivvTy awpny. Tom knew ah'd a seacrit,
an' he boned at muh wol ah tell'd him what 'twor. T'parson
keeps bonin' muh ower nut bein' teetotal, Leeds Merc. Sttppl.
(Nov. 14, 1891). s.Chs.i Yoa' shiidn u boand upon- im, wen
yoa" noa'd ee)d dim braas* iibuwt im [Yo shoulden ha' boned
upon him, when yo knowed he'd the brass abowt him].
Hence Boner, sb. one who annoys by constant solicita-
tion.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Siippl. (Nov. 14, 1891').
BONE, v.'^ Chs. Lin. Nhp. War. Wil. Som. Also in
form bourne Wil.' ; bun Nhp.' To take the levels of land
for draining, to measure in a straight line.
Chs.' Nhp.' A boy, who was assisting in measuring a piece ol*
land, was directed to place one stick in a line with another,
when lie said, * I've got a good eye, I can bun it well.' War.
(J.R.W.) Wil.' w.Som.' Yiie boa'un un yuur-zuul, yiie-ul zeon
zee wur ijz trtie* ur noa [you bone it yourself, you will soon see
whether it is true (straight) or not].
Hence Boning.stick, an instrument used or setting
out the depth of drains or other cuttings in the soil.
n.Lin.'
[Cp. OFr. banner (mod. borner), 'garnir un terrain de
bornes pour en marquer la limite ' (Hatzfeld) ; fr. OFr.
bodne. Low Lat. bodina, 'meta, limes' (Ducange).]
BONE, V? In gen. dial, and colloq. use. To steal, to
seize or detain by force ; also/Zo-.
Chs. Slieaf 1879- '■ ^S?- Stf." If you wontan far sei ar gafar,
3*ou mun bun im fost thing av a mornin, ar its o up. nw.Der,'
Not. 'J H. B.), War.3 Dev. He has boned my purse. Wills
w. Times (Mar. 12, 1O86) 6. Cor.2 MS. add. [Aus., N.S.W. 'What
do j'ou think they're up to now? . . . Sticking up a bank, or
boning a flock of maiden ewes to take up a run with ? Boldre-
wooD Robbery (i888) I. vi.] Slang. But from her grave in Mary-
bone They've come and boned your Mary, Hood Man's Gliost;
Egbert . . . demanded a shilling of me on the ground that his
pocket-money was boned from him, Dickens Blk. House (,1853)
viii. Cant. Life B. M. Careiv (1791) Gl. ; And the soldier who
bones for himself and his crones should be boned hke a traitor
himself at the block, LvrroN Paul Clifford ',1848) 123.
BONE-CART, sb. and v. Wm. Yks. e.An. Also
written baan- w.Yks.' ; beean- Win.' n.Yks.
1. sb. The human body, esp. in phr. to rattle, bang, or
sharpen the bone-cart, to thrash.
Wm.' n.Yks. Ah'll sharpen thy beean-cart for thee, if thou
doesn't be off (I.'W.). w.Yks. I'se a bit hasty, an' I've knawn
when I've banged a fellow's baan-cart black an' blue for spilling
t'board when he wor licked, Jabez Olipliaiit (1870) bk. v. iv ;
w.Yks.' I'll rattle thy baan cart. e.An.' I'll baste your bone-cart.
2. V. To carry on one's shoulder.
e.An.' Nrf.' I coudn't av a ho'-se, so I was fohst to bone-cart 'em.
BONEEN, sb. Irel. Also written bonyeen Wxf. ;
bonneen Tip. A j'oung pig.
Ir. What's that you have dragging there behind you ? — A
boneen, sir, Lever CIi. O' Ma I Icy {i8.ii') l.xxxv. Dwn. The boneens
are squealing behind, Hume People Dwn. Ant. 1 1874) 23. w.Ir.
'I he relative number of cows, turkeys, feather-beds, boneens,
black pots and the like, producible upon cither side. Lawless
Grama (1892) I. iv. Wxf. Who owns these bonycens, my brave
boy? Kennedy Banks Boio (1867) 212. Tip. Pliil carried a
bonneen under his arm, KicKn.\M Knnckna!;ow, 59.
[Ir. banabhin, a sucking-pig (O'Reilly) ; dim. oUmnabh,
banbh, a pig; Wei. baniv (Macbain).]
BONEFIRE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Wm. Yks. Lin. Also
written ban.fire N.Cy.' w.Yks. ; bane.fire Dur.' ; beean-
fire Wm.' n.Yks. ; baan-fire w.Yks.' A bonfire.
Rxb. For the annual midsummer banefire, or bonfire, in the
burgh of Hawick, old bones were regularly collected and stored
up, down to about 1800, Heslop Gl. (1892). N.Cy.' Nhb. The
bonefire is still maintained at Whalton, and was lighted as usual
on July 4, 1895. The faggots are brought to the outskirts of the
village and are invariably dragged thence by hand ; never carted
through the village to the site of the fire (R.O.H.) ; Nhb.' The
Mayor's muckle banefire set on flame, Stuart Joco-Serions Disc.
(1686) 18. Dur.' Applied usually to the fires kindled to celebrate
Nov. 5. Wm.' n.Yks. They mak a good beeanfire, Tweudell
CUvcl. Rhymes (1875)5. w.Yks. Willan List IVds. (181 0;
w.Yks.' n.Lin.' At the bonfires on the fifth of November it was
a practice to throw one or two fragments of bone among the
glowing embers, Archaeol. XXIII. 42. sw.Lin.'
[A bone-fire, focus triiinip/ialis or laetttiae. Ignis festus.
Coles (1679) ; The said Felloship of Cookes shall yearelie
. . . mainteigne and keep the bone-fires . . . one bone-fire
on the Even of the Feast of the NativitieofSt.John Baptist
. . . and the other on the Even of the Feast of St. Peter,
Ord. Cooks Neivcastle (1575) in Brand Pop. Ant., ed. 1849,
I. 318; A banefyre, ignis ossiuni, Catli. Angl. (1483).]
BONEN, rro)'. Dev. Cor. [bo-nan.] Made of bone.
Dev. Reports Provinc. (1881) 10. w.Cor. The knives had bonen
handles iM.A.C.).
[Bone + -en, adj. suif., as in -wooden.]
BONER, sb. Slang. At Winchester School. A blow
on the back.
Adams tVvkchamica (1878) 417 ; Cope Gl.
BONES,' sb. pi. Yks. Chs. Rut In phr. to be on the
bones of, to fall a-bones of, to abuse, attack, assail.
w.Yks. He's always on t'bones o' mi (B.K.). s.Chs.' A gentle-
man who had sharply taken to task a disturber of a political
meeting was said to ' fau- uboa-nz on im ' [faw a-bones on him].
Rut.' She fell a-bones o' me and call'd me ever so.
BONESHAVE, sb. Obsol. Som. Dev. Also written
boneshaw Som. ; bonesheave Dev.
1. Sciatica.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (i873\ w.Soni.' Boo-un shee-uv. Dev.
She . . . suffered cruelly from the ' bone-shave,* Madox-Brow.\
Dwale Bbtth (1876; bk. i. iii ; 1 be main sartin I got tha bonesliave
in my hip, vur I can't git up nur zit down. On the bank of a
stream, on a bitterly cold winter night, old John Roden, a martyr
to sciatica, stretched himself out, head against stream, in the hope
that ' tha waiter wid car tha boneshave down tii tha zay.' At his
side was laid an ashen staff. Two women on opposite banks,
with joined hands stretched over Jack and the stream, chanted in
monotone ; ' Bonesh.ive right, Boneshave strife ; As tha waiter
rins by tha stave, Zo follow boneshave.' Then silently departed
in opposite directions, leaving John Roden to get home ' za zune
as his boneshave wuz ago.' Needless to state, 'boneshave sticked
tu en,' and ere daylight death had carried him away to a painless
home, Hewett Peas. Sp. (,1892); Still-liquors have the reputation
of being 'rare glide physic vur 'osses and buUicks.' T'ath abin
knawed tu cure tha boneshave in man ! ib. 128 ; 'Tis just the
boneshave I've got ; it strikes you in your bones, it does,
O'Neill Idylls (1892) 38; Dev.' n.Dev. Is dedn't mean the
bone-shave, E.xtn. Scold. (1746) \. 23; The Exmoorians when
afflicted w-ith sciatica used the foil, charm to be freed from it: —
The patient must lie on his back on the bank of a river or brook
of water, with a straight stafl' by his side, between him and the
water, and must have the foil, words repeated over him :
' Bone-shave right, Bone-shave straight. As the water runs by the
stave, Good for bone-shave, 16. Note (ed. 1778) ; Urchy['s got]
tha bone-sheave. Rock Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 10 ; Black Fill-
Medicine (1883) vi.
2. A horny excrescence on the heel of a horse.
Som. TV. i^ O. (1894) 8th S. vi. 65. n.Dev. Grose (i790\
[Conn. w. obs. E. boneshaiv (hip-gout). With bock-
blood and beanshaw, Montgomerie Flyting (c. 1600) 304,
ed. Cranstoun, 70; ))e bane schawe, osscdo, Cath. Angl.
(1483) ; Bonscliawe, sckcnessc. Prompt. Pare).]
BONE-TICKLE, see Banstickle.
BONEY, adf w.Yks. [boani.] Of cloth : harsh or
hard to the toucli.
w.Yks. We sometimes use the word boney about cloth that
handles hard, lean, or bare — not full in the hand (S.N.).
BONGAIT
[337]
BONNY
BONGAIT, V. Cum. To fasten. [Unknown to our
correspondents.]
Cum. Gl. (1851); I.iNTON Lake Cy. (1864) 297.
BONGAY, sb. Suf. Also written bongy. The horse-
chestnut, Aescuhts hippocastanutn.
Suf. I copped a stone and knocked down two bongies (M.E. R.) ;
N.ty Q. [ 1874) 5th S. ii. 326.
BONG-NUT, sb. Suf. A large filbert nut. (F.H.)
BONGRACE, sb. Obs. Sc. Nhb.
1. Akindof shade worn on the front of a woman's bonnet
in order to keep the face from tanning.
Nhb. ^ This article of costume is yet in regular use among the
women workers in the fields, but the old name is nowadays lost
to us, and it is commonly called an ' ugly.' ' Her bongrace was of
wended straw, From the sun's beams her face to free,' Sng.
Bagpiper.
2. A large straw bonnet.
Sc. Her dark elf-locks shot out like the snakes of the gorgon,
between an old-fashioned bonnet called a bongrace, Scott tiny M.
(1815) iii ; I thought unco shame o' myself the first time I put
on a married woman's bongrace, ib. Midlolhiati 1818) xxvii.
[1. U>iibracuhim, a shade, a bongrace, Coles (1679);
Cornelte, a fashion of shadow, or boongrace, used in old
time, and at this day, by some old women, Cotgr.
2. I'll give thee, gloves and a bongrace to wear, D'Urfey
Pills (1719) I. 327. Fr. bomte-grace, the uppermost fl.ip
of the down-hanging tail of a French-hood (whence belike
our boongrace) (Cotgr.).]
BONHAM, sb. N.I.' A pig of six or eight weeks old.
See Bonuv.
BONKER, sb. e.An. Also written bonka e.An.';
bonkka Ess. ; bonnka Nrf ' Suf.' [bo'rjksiri.] Anything
very large ; a big, strapping person, freq. applied to young
girls. Cf. banger.
e.An.i.Nrf.' Suf. That's a bonka of a lie. I had not fought him
long before I gave him a bonka (F.H.) ; Suf.' Ess. An' my book
'ool sich a bonkka be, Clark J. Noakes (1839) 34; Gl. (1851) ;
Ess.i
BONKER, V. Suf To pay up.
Suf. He bonkaed [or bonkered] up handsomely (F.H ).
BONKER, see Bunker.
BONKY, see Banky.
BONNAG, see Bannock.
BONNAR, sb. Ubs. ? Sc. A bond.
Sc. And took three rigs o' braw land And put myself under
a bonnar, Jamieson Pop. Ballads (1806; I. 31a,
BONNESWISH, adv. I.W. Rapidly, swiftly, in phr.
/o go boiineswis/i. [Perh. misprint for boiiieswis/i, q.v.J
I.W. ' There they goes bonneswish.
BONNET, sb. and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
[bo'nit, bo'nat.]
1. A man's cap.
Sc. To adopt the trews .... brogues, and bonnet, Scott
IVaverley (1814) xxiv ; Ae chiel, \vi' bannet then gaed roun' To
gather in . . . The bawbees, Allan Z.///5( 1874) 7. Bnff. Hefound it
was a big black beetle trying to work its way in between his skin
and his bonnet, Smiles A'a^nr. (1879) iv. Abd. Wi' bonnet cock'd
somewhat ajee, Beatties Parings 11813" 25. ed. 1873. Kcd. His
bonnet wi' the scarlet lap . . . He pu'd upon his shinin' pow.
Grant Lays (1884") q8. Frf. Peter Tosh, you've forgotten to take
off your bonnet, Barrie Miitii/rr (1893 xxxi. Rnf. A tattered
bonnet on his croun Lets in baith win' and weet, Barr Pocitis
(1861)5. Ayr. His bonnet reverently is laid aside, BtJRNs
Cotter's Sat. Night (17851 st. 12. Nhb. His bonnet wi' blue ribbons
braw, Graham Aloorl. (1826) 22.
2. A tin, sheet-iron, or steel cover to protect the gauze
part of certain safety-lamps, such as the Marsaut.
Nhb., Dur. Nicholson Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
3. A primitive porch formed of two ' flags ' inclined
towards a point over a door. w.Yks. (S.H.B.)
4. A large head of a nail. Cor.' MS. odd.
5. Comp. (1) Bonnet-fecht, a fight in which caps are
used as weapons ; (2) -laird, a yeoman, a small landed
proprietor; (3) -lug, the ear which is more visible when
the cap is worn on one side of the head ; (4) -piece, a gold
coin issued in the reign of James V. Obs.
(i 1 Sc. (A.W.) (a) Sc. Meg Dods had the honour of refusing
VOL. I.
two bonnet-lairds, Scott St. Ronan (1824) i ; The sister of a
neighbouring bonnct-laird, Stevenson Hemiiston in Cosmopolis
(Jan. i8g6) i. Inv. Obs. (H.E.F.) Kcd. Gin ye get yer cousin's
siller, Hame return a bonnct-laird, Grant Lays (1884) 38. Ayr.
The first witness . . . gained the love and affections ... of one
of the jurors, an old bien carl, a bonnct-laird, Galt Entail {1823)
Iv. 3) Abd. He cocks his bonnet-lug sae smart, And wears his
claes sae neatly, Shirrefs Poems (1790) 282. (4) Sc. The
common gold coins of this reign (known by the name of bonnet-
pieces) . . . are extremely beautiful, and little inferior to the finest
medals, Nicholson Hist. Lib. (1702) 300 1 Ja.m.) ; Julian Avenel
loves the glance of gold bonnet-pieecs, Scorr Monastery (i8ao)
xxiii.
6. In phr. Ci) to be not worth a dad of a bonnet, expression
of contempt ; (2) to dad with the blue bonnet, to exercise a
counter-charm, to ward oft" the evil influence of fairies;
(3) to fill the bonnet of another, to be equal to him in any
respect; (4) to rive the bonnet of another, to excel, to be
superior to (Jam.).
(i) Sc. It's no wordie a dad of a bonnet, Blaekw. Mag. (Apr.
i8ao) 344. (2) When a cow happened to be seized with any
sudden disease . . . she was said to be elf-shot, and it was
reckoned as much as her life was worth not to dad her with the
blue bonnet. (3) May every archer strive to fill His bonnet. Poems
on Comp. of Archas (1726) 33; He'll ne'er fill his bonnet.
(4) He winna rive his father's bonnet.
7. 'o. To knock a man's hat over his eyes.
w.Yks. Some . . . made a dash like scamps did at Doncaster to
bonnet me and rob me, Fetherston Farmer, 42.
BONNET-FLEUK, sb. Sc. The fish, Pleuronectes
r/ioinbiis.
Sc. Found in the Firth of Forth (Jam.). [Satchell (1879).]
BONNETIE, sb. Sc. The little grebe, Tachybaptes
flitvialis.
Sc. From the bonnet-like appearance of the tuft of feathers on
its head (J.M.I Frf. Swainson Birds V1885) 216.
BONNIVOCHIL, sb. Sc. (Jam.) The Great Northern
Diver, Culynibtts glacialis.
w.Is. The bonnivochil ... as big as a goose, having a white
spot on the breast and the rest parti-coloured, Martin Description
(1716)79-
[Cp. Gael, biir-bhiiachaill, the bird called the Northern
diver, for nuiir-bhuachaill, herdsman of the deep, fr. the
warning it gives before a storm (Macleod & Dewar).]
BONNY, fl^'., nrfy. and ;'«/. Sc. Irel. All n. counties of
Eng. to Der. Also Lin. Rut. Lei. War. Slir. e.An. Ken.
Sus. Hmp. I.W. Also written bonie Ayr.; bony Ir. ;
boanie Sh.I. [bo'ni, boni, buni.]
1. adj. Beautiful, handsome, pretty, fine, pleasant to
look at.
Sc. A bonnie bride is soon busket, Kelly Coll. Prov. (1721^ ;
This is the last rcise that ITl ever cut in the bonny woods of
Ellangowan, Scott Guy M. (18151 viii; Twa shillings Scots: no
pickle mair ; and there are twa bonny callants hingin' for't,
Stevenson Catriona \ 1895) iii. Sh.I. A bunch o boanie flooers.
Burgess liasmie \ 1892 125. Elg. Labour's bonny white-wash'd
cot, CouPER Toioifications (1803 1 L 11. BnSf. See, mother, sic
a bonnie beastie I've gotten, S.miles Nattir. (1879) ii. Frf. I'm
thi^iking your leddyship. as you're the bonniest yonrsel, Barrie
A/m;s/fr(i89i)iv. Per. Ay, they're bonnie kebbocks.lANMACLAREN
Auld Lang Syne (1895 14. Ayr. I was the Queen o' bonie France,
Burns Lament of Mary 1^1791) st. 4 ; As fair art thou, my bonie
lass. So deep in hive am I, ib. A red, red rose. Lnk. I've made it
lang a rule to pa.ss Nae kintry house where there's a bonny lass,
Black palls of Clyde 1 1806^ 129. Bwk. Ordwcil's a bonny place,
Stands upon the water, Henderson Pop. P/iymes (1856:1 22. Ir.
My bony light horseman in the battle was slain, Old Sng.
(P.J.M.) Ant. ' A'll buy you a bonny new naethin' an' a whustle
on the end of it,' is a promise frequently made to children when
one is going to a market or fair, Ballymeiia Obs. (1892^ n.Cy.
Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; N.Cy.* Nhb. Lord bliss thor bonny
feyces a', Robson Evangeline (1870) 333 ; Nhb.' What a bonny
bairn! A bonny hoose. A bonny horse. ' My bonny keel laddie,
my canny keel laddie. My bonny keel laddie for me, O ! ' Old Sng.
Dur.', e.Dur.' Cum. Yet thecr not yen 'at can compare Wi' bonny
smurking Sally, Relph Mise. J'orms (1743") 118; Gl. (1851) ;
Cum.' It's a bonny consarn. Wni. Where nature's bonny queen,
Clean caps man's art and painter's skill, Whitehead Leg. ' 1859)
6. Yks. A little wurd is a bonny wurd, Brighotise Neu'S ijuly io,
X X
BONNY
[338]
BONOCH
1889). n.Yks. Lo, thoo art bonny, mah luv, Robinson Srtg. Sol.
(i860) i. 15 ; n.Yks.i A ! what bonny claes ! A bonny lahtle chap !
n.Yks.3 e.Yks. Marshall /?»)•.£■( OK. ( 1 788\ w.Yks. Her old
sweetheart wi bonn}' Jane, Stud laughing as shoo past, Dolly's
Gaoti 18551 10; If he proves as gooid as shoo's bonny, they're
worth havin. Hartley Clock ^ hit. (1896) 13. Lan. A bonny seat
as e'er a mortal seed, Bealey Eawr Bessy, 5. ne Lan. These bonny
een o' thine, Mather Idylls (1895) 258. n.Lin.' C 's wife is
a very bonny woman, I reckon. Them's th' bonniest carrots I ve
seen to year. 'The cuckoo is a bonny bird, She sings as she flies,'
Siig. Riit.1 But she's a bonny woman, she is ! War.^ What a bonny
baby !
Hence fi) Bonnily, adv. finely, nicely, beautifully ; also
used ironically ; (2) Bonnyish, ac/j. fair, comparatively
fine ; (3) Bonnyness, sb. beautj'.
(i) Sc. We would have bonnily outmanoeuvred them, Stevenson
Catnona (1895) xiii. Rnf. Blink boiinilie, thou eenin' star !
Allan Ev. Hours (1836) 137. Ayr. His w^ee-bit ingle blinkan
bonilie. Burns Cottar's Sat. Night 1 1785) st. 3. Lnk. The gowans
ghnt fu' bonnilie beside the castle wa'. Thomson Leddy May
(1883 I. Lth. Amang the shaws o' auld Kinneil The blackbird
sang fu' bonnilie, Smith Merry Bridal (1866) 129. Nhb.^ Yor
gettin' on bonnily wi'd. aa see. Cum. Right bonnily he burnt,
nor ninch'd a bit, Relph Misc. Poems { 1743 23. n.Yks.^ It hurts
me bonnily. e.Yks.^ Ah's bonnily thenks tha. Ah's bonnily
vexed, MS. add. (TH.) w.Yks.', Der.=. nw.Der.i (2) n.Yks '
Thae's a bonnyish lot o' j'ows; n.Yks. ^ There'll be bonnj'ish deed
[great stir or doings]. m.Yks.' (3) Sc. Her bonnyness has been
foreseen In ilka town, baith far and near, Ramsay Tea-Table Misc.
(1724) II. 188, ed. 1871. Abd. For bonyness and other gueed out-
throw They were as right as ever tred the dew, Ross Helenore
(1768) 10, ed. 1813.
2. Used ironically : fine, pretty.
Rnf. She had better tak care o' her language, Or I'll gie her
a bonnie bet face, Barr Poems (1861') 113. Dmf. Gif this be
sae, as some believe, A bonnie job I'm makin', Quinn Heather
(ed. 1863) 252. Gall. Ye are makkin' bonny fuies o' yersels,
Crockett Stickit Min. ( 1893) 27. Nhb.' Ye've made a bonny mess
on't, noo. Here's a bonny go. e.Dur.^ Wm.^ A bonny fella
thoo is ! n.Yks. A bonny gahing on there was, Tweddell Clevel.
Rhymes (1875 ; 12 ; n.Yks. ^ The expression ' bonny corpse ' slj'ly
points at a little complacency on the part of the enriched survivor
in regard to his friend's removal. ne.Yks.'Aw! Thoo's brokken
t'pankin' ; noo there'll be a bonny ti-deea aboot it. e.Yks. Tl.oo's
a bonny honey ti sthrike at thi awn fayther, Nicholson Flk-Sp.
(1889) 89; e.Yks.i He's gotten hissen intiv a bonny mess.
■w.Yks. Awm in a bonny pickle this time. Hartley Grimes' Trip
(1877) I ; He made a bonny to do ovver his owd jacket nut being
mended (B.K.) ; w.Yks.' Thou's a bonny fellow; w.Yks.^ That's
a bonny come up ; w.Yks.^ To have walked leisurely down to the
station, and then found that the train had just that instant started,
would be pronounced 'a bonny goa.' Lan. Then he'll . . . get
dropped on, and a bonny hobble he'll be in, Westall Birch Dene
(1889) II. 19. s.Chs.' Well, yo'm a bonny fellow. A bonny mess
yo'n made on it. nw.Der.'This is a bonny mess n.Lin. Thaay'd
bonny wark wi' him. an' noa inistaake, Peacock Tales and Rhymes
(1886)93; n.Lin.' You're a bonny creatur, 3'ou are; this is the
tho'd time you've plaayed traun.
3. Well in health,, plump.
w.Yks.* s.Chs.' Oo z gon in-tfl kweyt u bon-i wiim'un ; tin
sich u lit'l weyt-fee'st wensh uz 60 woz ! [Hoo's gone into queite
a bonny woman ; an' sich a little wheite feeced wench as hoo
was!] Stf.2 Ast sein ar Sal'z wens leitli ? sr iz getin a foin boni
wuman. sw.Lxn.' He's gotten a strange bonny man. Lei.' Shr.'
Betty Jenkins praises 'er pastur's ; whad a bonny OOman 'er's
gwun ! e.An.' Nrf. ' John Smith's mawther looked rarely bonny.
4. Of quantity: fair, considerable.
n.Yks.' How far is it to Whitby, my man ? — Eh I it's a bonny bit
yet ; n.Yks.^ Ay, he's a bonny bouk. Stf.2 Wein ad 3 boni lot a
teitorz iMs iar, sz big sz tarinits.
5. Bright, cheerful, pleasant.
Yks. Grose (1790, MS. add. 1 P.~) Der.2 e.An.' We do net
include in [the word] the idea of comeliness. Ken., Sus., Hmp.
Holloway.
6. Comb, (i) Bonny deal, a great deal ; (2) — dies,
trinkets, toys; 13) —goo, spirited, lively; (4)— laken,
a picture in a book, an illustration ; (5) — like, fine, good
to look at ; (6) — penny, a considerable sum ; (7) — seet,
a great deal ; (8) — wee, a good while.
(I) w.Yks.' n.Lin.i Ther's a bonny deal o' taaties to year.
Ther's been a bonny deal o* rain cum'd this maaydaay-time. (2)
Sc. Grose (1790) MS. add. ;C.); The auld Bluegown that
mends all their bonnie-dies, Scott Antiqiia>y {1816) ■s.-a.i. e.Lth.
Bide a wee, hinnies, an' ye'U get a' thae bonny-dies for naethin.
Hunter /. Inn'ick (1895) 91. (3I I.W.' That's a bonny-goo
gelding: I.W.2 That's a bonnygoo boss o'yourn, varraer. (4' Dur.
T'four sides ez a' cuver'd wu what we ca' i' beaiks, bonnylakens,
Egglestone Betty Podkins' Lett. (18761 8. (5) Sc. A bonnie-like
thing it was, ... to see me, . . . raised up abune the folk's heads,
Whitehead Daft Davie (1876) 240, ed. 1894. n.Yks.^ (6) e.Sc.
Her widow's weeds cost her a bonny penny, Setoun Sunshine
(1895) 245. n.Yks. (I.W.) ; n.Yks. ^ It will cost a bonny penny.
e.Yks.' n.Lin.' I reckon he's lost a bonny penny oher that theare
incloasin' job. (7) w.Yks. But t'moast ta t'railway stashan be
a bonny seet, Bairnsla Ann. (1859'! 24: w.Yks. A good deal at
wark at they do wi ther hands ad be a bonny seet lazier for em,
ib. (i86i'l 39. (81 Lnk. She stood a bonny wee, then ran away,
Black Falls 0/ Clyde (1806) 107.
7. In phr. bonny and, used with ffrfi'6. force before another
adj. : very, exceedingly. Cf brave, braw.
w.Yks. Th' owdest brother an' sister luk bonny an faal. Bicker-
dike Beacon Aim. (1873"; They luckt varry weel, an' awve noa
daat felt bonny an praad. ib.
8. adv. Prettily, fairly, finely, well.
Elg. I gat a letter frae hersel'. Blue-edged — an' bonny did she
spell. Tester Poems 11865) '20. Frf. He began bonny, flinging
himself, like ane inspired, at the pulpit door, Barrie Minister
(1891) iii. Fif. His spanglet glairj'-flairy vest . . . He button'd
bonny round his waist, Tknnant Papistry (1827) 42. Gall. The
House of Earlstoun sits bonny above the waterside, Crockett
Moss-Hags ( 1895) iv. Nhb. That smiles i' her face sae winsome
bonny, Chatt Poems (1866) 79. n.Yks.^ Bonny is that bonny diz.
Deny it if j-ou can. ne.Yks.' e.Yks.' Hoo's thy wife ? — Oh, she's
bonny. w.Yks.' Them men'U hev a bonny easy peddle, ii. 305.
Nrf. She's getting on bonny, Sir, Jessopp Aready (1887) vii.
9. int. An exclamation.
Yks. ' Bonni ! ' savs Jack, Ingledew Ballads (1860) 274.
BONNY, sb.^ "Yks. [bo-ni.] A swathe rake. Also
known as bonny-rake, a kind of large hay-making rake for
the hand, with a short handle and large curved iron teeth.
n.Yks. (I.W.), w.Yks.2 s.Not. Called elsewhere a drag-rake
(J.P.K.).
[Prob. due to Irish field-labourers. Cp. Ir. biiana, a
mower, reaper ; A;((7/«, to reap, mow (O'Reilly!. Cp. also
Celtic Corn, bony, a hatchet ; see Stokes Corn. Gloss.
in Trans. Phil. Soc. (1870!.]
BONNY, sb.^ Wxf.' Also written boney. An able
person.
BONNY, s6.^ Sc. (Jam.) A small quantity of anything.
Rnf, Rxb. But bonny o't like Bole's good mother, Kelly Prov.
(1721) 72.
BONNY BIRD EYE, sb. Cum. Name given to various
plants: (1) I'eroniia r/uimoedrys, speedwell ; (2) Pn'innht
farinosa; (3) Ca)da}nine prate)!sis, cuckoo f[owev.
{1) Cum.' (2; Cum. Hutchinson Hist. Cum. (,1794) I. App. 40.
(3I Cum.'
BONNY CLABBER, s6. Obs. Irel. Chs. Also written
boni thlobber Chs. Sour milk which has become thick.
Ir. It is of a pleasant sub-acid taste, very agreeable to the palate,
N. & Q. (1872 4th S. ix. 297. Uls. Ulster Jiti. Arch. 118541 II.
283. Chs. Boni Thlobber is good milk gone thick. Holme
Armory 1688 . III. 335.
[Bonny clabber, sour buttermilk. Ash (1795); We scorn,
for want of talk, to jabber. Of parties o'er our bonny-
clabber. Swift (Johnson) ; To drink such balderdash or
bonny-clabber, Jonson Neiv Inn (1631) i. i, ed. Cunning-
ham, II. 342. Ir. Inline, milk, cldba, thick (O'Reilly).]
BONNY WALLIES, sb. pi. Sc. Also written -wawlies,
bonywalys. Toys, gewgaws. See Wallies, sb. pi.
Sc. Herd Coll. Sngs. U776 Gl. ; Grose (1790'! MS. add. (C);
A pleasanter abode than Glenallan House, wi' a' the pictures and
black velvet, and silver bonny-wawlies belanging to it, Scott
Antiquary (1816) xxix ; If you promise my Lord sae mony of these
bonnie wallies, we'll no be weel hafted here before we be found
out, ib. Pirate (1821) v.
BONOCH, sb. Sc. A binding for a cow's hind leg
when she is being milked.
Sc. You're ane o' Cow-meek's breed, you'll stand without a
bonoch, Kelly Prov. (1721) 371.
BONSPIEL
[339]
BOODLE
BONSPIEL, sb. Sc. Also written bonspeil Lth. A
contest at curling.
Sc. He never . . . gave another glance at the Bonspiel, though
there was the finest fun amang the curlers ever was seen, Scott
Guy M. (1815) xxxii ; N. & Q. U872 4lh S. ix. 217 ; The bonspel
o'er, hungry and cold, they hie To the next ale-house, Graeme
Poems Jam.'). Inv. (H.E.F.) Lth. Our chief, whase skill an'
steady arm Gain mony a bonspiel dinner, Cries, 'Open wide!
Stand offbehin' !' Curlers' 5h^., Sthathesk More /jY/sved. 1885)34.
[In the 16th cent, the word is used of a set match at
some game. Certaiiten, a strife or bonspalc, Dun'can
ElyiH. (1595) ; The kineis mother . . . tuik ane vvaigeour
of archcrie vponn the Inglishinanis handis, contrair the
king liirsone. . . . The king heiringof this bonspeill of his
mother was vveill content, Lindsay Cron. Scot. (c. 1565)
348 (Jam.).]
BONUV, sb. Irel. Also written boniv, bonnive. A
3'oung pig. Cf. bonham.
Ir. ' I think the little pigs — the— the — Bonuvs,' says Mona,
mildly, going back to the Irish term for those interesting babies,
J [u.SGEKFORD Mrs. Geoffrey [^lW.^) 270 ; Three cows, and six sheep,
five fat bonivs, Lucas lioinaulic Lover in Clta/inians Mag. (Oct.
1895!. Tip. Nor a pig, nor a bonnive. Kickham Kiiocknago!v, 30Q.
[ir. banabh, a sucking pig (O'Reilly). See Boneen.]
BONX, V. e.An. [boqks.] To beat up batter for
puddings.
e.An.'. Nrf.' Ess. Gl. (1851) ; Ess.»
[Cp. Du. boiikcit, to beat (Muller).]
BONXIE, sb. Sc. The common skua, Stercorarius
caloirhactes.
n.Sc. Its northern name is Bonxie, JoUKsBri/ Birds (1862') 593.
Sti.I The habits of the Bonxie are the same as those of the Richard-
son, Science Gossip (,1865) 273; Svi^ainson Birds (,1885) 210.
S. & Ork.>
BON'Y'-PRICK, sb. Lan.^ n.Lan.' Written beeany-
prick. The stickleback. Cf. banstickle.
BOO, sA.' Irel. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Cor. Also in form
boe(sShr.'; booey Cor.^ ; bouey Wor. [bu.] A louse.
Cf. bug.
N.I.i Wor. 'Wright. Shr.», Hrf.2, Cor.12
[Fr.pou, poiiil (in Montaigne), a louse, see Littr£.]
BOO, si.* Sh.I. A spell of weather, csp. if fine.
Sh.I. (Coll. L. L.B.) S. & Ork.i A boo of waddir.
BOO, sb.^ Sc. Also written bu (Jam.). A bull; in
coiiip. (i) Boo-helly, the fifth day before Christmas; (2)
-lady, a cow : (31 -teind, a tithe on cows.
(1 ) S. & Crk.' Boo hclly is a sort of holiday, on the observance
of wiiicli the future safety of the cows was supposed to depend.
(2)Sc. (Jam.) (3-) S. & Ork.i
BOO, .s/).* Ags. (Jam.) [Ku.] A farm-house; a village.
Ags. Used in conjunction with the proper name, as ' the Boo of
Ballingshaw.'
[Norw. dial, bol, farm-house, residence (Aasen).]
BOO, V. Sc. Irel. Yks. Lan. I. Ma. Der. Brks. Also
written bo, bu (Jam.), [bti.]
1. To roar, cry ; to talk noisily.
Sc. He boo'd awa' for an hour an' tell'd lis naething fjAM.
Sk/i//.). w. Yks. He's booing like a cauf 1 S.K.C.V I.Ma. Not to
be hidin' in yandhar place And booin like a sort o' disgrace,
Browne Doctor y^iiB-]) x.xxv. Der.*, nw.Der.'
2. Of cattle: to low. Abd. (Jam.), e.Lan.'
Hence (i) Boo-hoo, (a) v. to cry, esp. in contempt ; (b)
sb. a cry of derision ; (2) Booing, vbl. sb. shouting ; a
disorderly noise ; the lowing of cattle.
(i, rt) Kcd. O' gin I were a bairn again I think I wad boo-hoo,
Grant Lays (1884) 18. e.Ltli. Gillespie's pairty behaved Ihcirsels
maist unseemly, hissin an' boo hooin, Hunter J. Iiiwitk (I895^ 29.
(6) Rjcb. I wouldna gi' a boohoo for you (Jam.). (2) Ir. Some chaps
began booin' an' shoutin'. Barlow Bogland (16^2) I3°. Brks.'
BOOAD, V. n.Yks.* [buad ] To imbibe beer. [Not
known to our correspondents.]
BOOADIL, see Boddle.
BOOAK, see Boke
BOOAN, see Abcon.
BOOARD, see Bode.
BOOAS, see Boose.
BOOBISH, (?«>•. Cor.23 [bfi bij.] Lubberly.
BOOBUS, 56. Cor." Also in forms booba, boobun.
[bubas ] A wick for a small lamp.
BOOBY, sb. Lin. Lei. Brks. e..An. Ken. Sus. Hmp.
Soin. Dev. Slang. Also written bubby Lin. Lei.' [bii bi ]
1. An idle fellow; a big child given to crying.
Dev. Gkose (1790I MS. add. ili.) nw.Dev.' I wuddn be sich a
booby cef I waz you. Also called Cry baby. Looby.
2. In phr. to beat the boo/>y, to warm oneself by striking
the outstretched arms across the breast.
Ken. iP.M.); (H.M.)
3. A bundle of straw used for setting fire to furze, &c. ;
a bundle of rags used for smoking bees. Also in comp.
Booby-wad.
Dev. Make a booby-wad, Jan, and putt'n up in tree vor zmauk
the beggars out. Light the booby, and us'll zoon zet the vuz
avire, Reports Proviiic. (1895^
4. Coisip. (i) Booby-hutch (-otch), (a) a simpleton ; {b)
any clumsy carriage, usually one with a cover; see also
below ; (2I -trap, a jug of water, &c., balanced on the top
of a half-open door, so as to fall upon a person entering.
\n gen. use as slang.
( I , n) n.Lln.' Cnib.' What do you stand giggling there for— you
great booby-hutch? (il Lin. Brookes T'iflffc, 4. s.Lin. (J.T.B.)
Lei.' [Used of] a hand barrow, a small deep cart, a sentry box, or
any movable ' coop" or ' hutch ' of any kind intended for the use of
a single human occupant. The carts drawn by dogs before the
passing of Martin's Act were often so called, e An.'. Nrf.' Ken.
(P.M.) ; Ken.' Sus., Hmp. Holi-owav. w.Som.' B6o-bee uuch is
a very common name for any quaint, uncomfortable vehicle. Of
an old-fashioned chaise: 'Where in the wordle d'ye pick up
thick there old booby 'utch ? ' 12) Brks.' Slang. Nothing more
amusing than the young gentlemen's apple-pie beds and booby-
traps, Standard (Aug. 3, 1889) 5, col. 2.
BOOCE, see Boose.
BOOD, V. Sc. Irel. Also in forms bit, boot, boud,
bud, but (Jam.) ; see also below. [biJd, biit ; bud, but ;
bit, bit.]
1. Pret. (occas. used as pyes.) Must, ought, used of moral
or logical necessity.
Sc. He had bit to lie doon, for he couldna staund, Swan Gales of
Eden (1895) xiv. e.Sc. He bid to set him sails an'steer wi' the wind,
Setoun 5H)is/imc (1893 i 45. Abd. When she yeed hame. Boot say
she tint it, nor durst tell for shame, Ross Helenorc (1768) 16, ed.
1812; In common use. He bit till ha' broken the window. He bitna
ta dec't [was not allowed to do it] (P.G.) ; He becd 'a be thocht
saucy, Alexander yo/i)i"_v Gibb (1871) xxxviii. s.Sc. Byd implies
a logical or natural necessity ... in this respect differs from iiia-H,
maun, which expresses a necessity dependent upon the will of a
person, Murray /5m/. (1873^ 218. Rnf. Cupid was resolved on fun
And fun he but to hae, Barr Poems ( 1861 ; 204 ; As their father bet
to gang, Sae maun his callan.= leal, Young Homely Pietuns (1865)
14. Rxb. And ilka ane boude hae her joe, RiDDELtPof/. Wks. (ed.
1871 ) II. 142 ; I"u' weel I ken'd a' night she budna stay, A. Scott
Poems (1811) 96 (Jam.). Gall. I kenned that it hood be something
else that was makkin him sac brisk, Crockett Stickil Min. (,1893)
loi. N.I.' 1 here be to be another man got to help. He be to do
it. Ant. It be tO be Jane did that, Ballymeua Obs. 1 1892).
2. In phr. biie/e (to) be, a necessity, a compulsory action.
s.Sc. It's a byd-tui-bey or byd-bey, Murray Dial. (1873) 218.
CId. (Jam.)
[And armed bud fain all bee for angwischis o bestis,
PVars Ale.v. (c. 1450) 3793; Now bud it be alle in like
thynne, York Plays (c. 1400) 43. BiiJ, contr. fr. behoved.]
BOODER, see Boulder.
BOODGE, V. Obs.? Ilrf. To stuff bushes into a
hedge.
Hrf. Bound Prov. (18761 ; Hrf.'
BOODIE, sb. Sc. Irel. [b5di.]
1. A ghost, hobgoblin.
Sc. He rins .is gin I war a hoodie, Macdonald /?. Falconer ' 1B6Q)
ii ; Grose (17901 MS. add. (C.) Bnff.' Abd. About the time o'
night that the boodles began to gang, Forres 7";/. (1742 16.
2. Coiiip. (1) Boodie-bo. (2) -man, a bugbear, a bogey.
(i"i Abd. Jam. "I (2! Ir. i,G M.H.)
3. A small and unattractive person. Dnfl?
BOODIE, see Bod.
BOODLE, see Buddie.
X X 2
BOODY
[340]
BOOL
contempt and
BOOT)Y,_sb. Nhb. Dur. Also Nhp. (?) Written tow ie
e.Dur.' [budi.]
1. A broken piece of earthenware, used by children for
decorating their play-houses, &c.
Nhb. The Gyetshid Cooncil's geyn ti pot like little bits ov boodie,
Nixon Gateshead Ahit. 118831 ; Nhb.' A whirlwind cam an' myed
a' souse, Like heaps o' babby hoodies, Thompson Jimmy Jonesons
Whorry. Nhp.i Used by female children as ' play platters,' or
* pla}' planchions.' Not ^c«. e.Dur.'
2. Conip. (i) Boody-house, a play-house decorated with
bits of earthenware ; (2) -pots, pieces of broken china.
. (i) Nhb.i, Dur.l (2) Dur.l
BOODY ANKERS, mA Nhb. An exclamation of sur-
prise or delight.
Nhb.' Boodyankers ! here's a traikle barl brust [chorus of
juveniles at a shop door].
BOOEY, see Boo.
BOOF, sb} Yks. Lan. Also written bufe e.Yks. ;
buff e.Lan.' ; bugh n.Yks.' ne.Yks.' [biuf, bSf, biaf.]
1. The bough of a tree. See Biff.
n.Yks.' ne. Yks.' T'stee "whemm'ld, an t'beeaf brak, an' ah
tumm'ld soss inti t'beck. e.Yks. M.^rshall Ruk Econ. (17881.
Lan. I clam hop tree in o' snift. ... Us soyne us e geet to th' boof
I thawt I'd hutch forrut, Paul Bobbin Sequel (1819) 14 ; Lan.'
e.Lan.'
2. The shaft of a cart.
s.Lan. Bamford Dial. (1850). Lan.'
BOOF, sb.^ Sc. Lin. Also written bouff BnflF.' A
stupid, clumsy fellow.
Bnff.' Lin. SliLLER & Skertchly Feiilaiid (1878) iv ; Lin.'
Now then, boof, where are you coming to *
Hence Bouffin, sb. a big, stout person.
Bnff.' The word conveys a slight notion of
ill-will.
BOOFF, sb. and v. Fif. (Jam.) 1. sb. A stroke causing
a hollow sound. 2. v. To strilie, esp. with the hand, so
as to cause a hollow sound.
BOOG, see Bug.
BOOGE, see Bouge.
BOOGHT, see Bought.
BOOGTH, see Bougth, Boukth.
BOOIN, sb. w.Yks. [buin.]
1. A booth or tent where wares are exposed for sale.
w.Yks. Common at Wakefield, Yks. Il'/c/y. Post [Sept. 19, 1896).
2. A cow-Stall.
w.Yks. Olisol. or obs. (M.F.) ; w.Yks.3
BOOIN, see Boon, Bowens.
BOOIS, see Boose.
BOOIT, see Boot.
BOOK, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also
written beuk Sc. Cum. n.Yks.^ ; bulk Sc.
1. The Bible. In phr. to take the Book, to conduct family
worship ; to lift the Books, to withdraw from a church.
Sc. Seat himself in the preacher's place, and take the Beuk,
Cromek Remains (1810) 19 1 Jam.). Per. When the supper-time
was o'er, The Beuk was tane, Nicoll Poems (1837) 83, ed. 1843.
Frf. I'll tak' the Beuk, an' the psalm-beuk in bye, Laing IVayside
Firs. (1846) 28. Ayr. Cry the book is wi' heresy crammed,
Burns Kirk's Alarm • He saved a public scandal by lifting his
books and .. .resigning his membership, JoHNsroN AV/ixaZ/if (1891)
II. 125. Lnk. We'll through the window look. And see if they're
to bed — They're at the book! Black Falls of Clyde {iio6) 105.
Gall. Hoping he would get his porridge before the ' Bulk ' came on,
Crockett Bog-Myrtle < 1895) '83 ; ' Taking the Beuk ' is a familiar
phr. (A,W.) Ciim. The Beuk saj-s God hath meade o yen blood
a' the nations o' the earth. Burn Fireside Crack (1886) la. Sus.'
The Bible is almost always thus spoken of by old people. ' I
always read a bit of my Book before I goos to bed.'
2. A rate or assessment. Obs. Sus.'
3. Camp, (i) Book-body, a learned person; (2) -cham-
bers, see below ; (3) -lare (lear), see Book-learning ; (4)
-leared, (5) -learned, educated, learned ; (6) -learning,
knowledge gained from books; schooling; (7) -wise,
educated, learned ; (8) -worm, a registrar of births.
(i) n.Yks.2 (2) Slang. In Winchester School, a particular time
for preparation of work on certain days in summer, spent by
college boys in their 'chambers,' and commoners in their hall
(A.D.H.) ; Thetimes were9-nam.and3-5 p.m. on'remidays.'and
3-5 p.m. on 'half remidays,' Shadwell IVyke. Slang (1859-1864).
'31 Sc. A man who has never been taught to read says* I gat nae
buik-lare' (Jam.) ; My legs and arms stood me in more stead than
either my gentle kin or my book-lear, Scorr Leg. Mont. (1830) ii.
Edb. A truer judge on anything connected with book-lear . . ,
does not breathe the breath of life, MoiR Mansie IVauc/i (1828) i.
Gall. He's fu o' buik-lear, but wi' little gracious experience,
Crockett Slickit Min. (1893) 67, n.Yks.^ (4) Sc. I'll tell you,
but a lie, I'm no book-lear'd, NicoLPoe;»s(i739l84 (Jam.). Abd.
Book-lear'd men, like you, ha'e clearer een, Shirrefs Poems
(1790) 124. (5) Abd. Buik-Ieern't fowk like 'im, Alexander
Johnny Gibb (1871) xxx. Cum. Yer buik-larn'd wise gentry,
Gilpin Ballads (1874) 144. n.Yks.^, e.An.2 (6) Oxf ' MS. add.
Sur. No class perhaps in which there is less of what is called
' book-learning,' Hoskyns Talpa V1857) i8r ; Snr.' I don't see the
good of all that book-learning. {7) n.ifks.^ (s.v. Beuk-leearnt.) (8)
Rnf. Thinkin' o' my wife an' bairnie, I'd be aff . . . Whan the
beuk-worm taen to warn nie, Neilson Poems (1877) 38. [Not
known to our correspondents.]
4. In phr. (i) Book of hard names, an account-book ; (2)
to be in or out of one's books, to be in or out of favour ; to
owe money ; (3) to say off book, to repeat.
(O War.2, se.Wor.i 12 1 n.Lin.', Nhp.', War.3 (3^ w.Yks.'
5. In pi. a pack of playing cards.
ne.Yks. In common use vM.C.F.M.). w.Yks. (M.F.), War.^
BOOK, V. Sc. Also written beuk, buik. To register
a couple in the Session records, previous to the procla-
mation of banns.
n.Sc. (W,G. ) Abd. She a bride was lately beukit, Still Cottar's
Sunday (1845) 58 ; Auld Tam Gray has buiket young May Mason,
Giiidman Inglismaill (1873I 38. Frf. Our friend Archie Allan was
beuket yestreen, Laing Wayside Firs. (1846) 22. Ayr. His
brother and Betty Bodle were to be bookit on Saturday, Galt
Entail (1823) xxvii.
Hence (i) Buikit, ///. adj. ' booked ' for proclamation of
banns; (2) Booking, I'W. 56. the act of recording the names
of a couple for marriage ; also a feast held on that occa-
sion ; (3) Bookan-nicht, the evening on which names are
' booked.'
(il Kcd. I'm a buiket man as surely As the sexton rings the
bell. Grant Lays (1884) 88. (2) Sc. The merry-making is held in
the home of the bride after the act of booking has been accom-
plished (Jam. Siippl.). Abd. Peter had gone to Jonathan Tawse on
the buikin nicht, Alexander Johnny Gibb (1871) xxxix. Ayr.
We can arrange a' about the booking, and the buying o' your
bridal braws, Galt Lairds (1826) xxx. (3I n.Sc. On this night
there used among some to be a little feast (W.G.).
BOOK(TH, see Bouk(th.
BOOL, sb.'' Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wni. Yks. Lan. Der.
Lin. Lei. War. Won e.An. Also written boul Sc. ; bule
N.Cy.' Nhb ' Cum. Wm.' Yks. Lan.' e.Lan.' Der.^ nw.Der.'
Lei.' War.3 Wor. [bill, biul.]
1. The curved handle of a bucket, kettle, &c. Cf bail,
sb}
Gall. A tin can that she was carryin' by the bool, Crockett
Raiders (1894) xxiii, N,Cy.', Nhb.' Cum. This bucket it's sae
full, wulta tak hoal o' t'tudder seyde o' t'bule (E.W.P.). Wm.
T'fella let his creak doon t'chimli, en tudder heeaked it ont pan
bool en off t'pan went up t'chimla, Taylor Sketches (1882) 15;
Wm.' The part of a corfe [miners' basket] about which the clives
are clasped for hoisting. w.Yks. A tin cup wi a lang bule to it
[a saucepan] (A.C.) ; T'bool o' this boocket is cowd (F.P.T.). Lau.
Th' ghreyt black two bule'd sylibevvk pot, Paul Bobbin Sequel
(1819) 40 ; Lan.' At Lancaster [applied to] the flat wooden handle
of an osier market-basket. n.Lan. T'pan bul's brokn (W.S,).
ne.Lan.', e.Lan.' Midi. Marshall Rur. Econ. (I796^. Der.^,
nw.Der.', Lei.', War.3 ne.Wor. 04so/. (J.W.P.) Suf. (F.H.)
2. The handle of a cup or jug.
Sc. ' To come to haund like the boul o' a p"int stoup' is a prov.,
indicating that a thing comes as easily and pleasantly as a handle
of a drinking-vessel does to the hand of the toper, Grose (1790)
MS. add. {C.) Edb. As plain as the bool of a pint stoup, MoiR
Mansie IVauch (1828") i. Lan. Still in common use, but being
rapidly supplanted (S.W.).
3. A movable handle for lifting a pot ; a pot-hook.
Usually '\n pi.
Sc. Also called clips (Jam.). Or.L The bools hang ower his
breest, Doun f'ae the pot, Paely Toral's Travellye (1880) 1. 155, in
BOOL
[341]
BOON
Ellis ProMMMC. (1889') V. 801. Abd. Rax doon the bools, link up
tlie criiik, Hang on yer tatie bree, Goodivi/e (1867 st. 39. N.I.'
4. The bow of a key, or of scissors. N.I.'
5. A child's hoop.
ne.Lan.* n.Lin.^ When we was bairns, we ewsed to go5 to th'
coopers an" buy wooden cask hoops for bools.
6. The iron staples on a boat's oars for working on the
thole-pins. Nhb.'
7. The iron plate attached to the oars of keels and
wherries.
Nhb.» The bool has a round eye in its centre, and through this
the tholc-pin passes.
[1. Y* boule of a potte, ansa, capulnm. Levins Manip.
(1570). Cp. Du. bogel, a collar of yron (IIe.xham) ; MLG.
bogcl, a ring, a curve (Schiller-Lubben) ; Bavar. dial.
bugel, 'annulus' (Sciimeller).]
BOOL, sb? Sc. A term of contempt for an old man ;
a thick-set man or boy.
Sc. Some said he was a camsheugh bool, Wilson Poems (1790)
203 (Jam.). n.Sc. He's a keen bool o' a fairmer iW.G.). ne.Sc.
Mr. Wilson, that wis schulemaister afore ye, wis a gay surly bool.
Grant Keckhton, 96. Edb. The father looked to be a rich old bool,
MoiR Mansie IV'aiich (1828) xvii.
BOOL, v} Sh.I. Of fish : to play on the surface of the
water.
Sh.I. 'At bool an jimp, Burgess Itasmie (1891) loa ; (Coll.
L.L.B.) S. &Ork.i
[Norw. dial, bola, to bubble ; bola, a bubble (Aasen).]
BOOL, v.^ Sc. (Jam.) Also written bule. To weep
with continuous noise ; to drawl in singing.
r.xb. To bule an' greet. Bulin' at a sang. ' Ere ever I wist he
has my bannet whipped aff, and is booling at a sawm [psalm],'
Hogg Brownie of Bodsbeck l,i8iC) II. 47.
[Singing-men that . . . in churches or chapels may roar,
bool, bleat, yell, Becon (1563) IVks. II. 390 (Dav.). Cp.
Sw. bola, to bellow, to low (Widegren).]
BOOL, see Bole, Boul, Bowl.
BOOLAAG, sb. Sh.I. A race, kindred, family; a
breed of cattle.
S. & Ork.' The word is used only in a disreputable sense.
[Cp. Sw. bolag, partnership, cohabitation (Serenius).
Norw. dial, biilag, joint housekeeping (Aasen).]
BOOLACH, sb. Sh.I. A pimple.
Sh.I. In common use (K.I.). S. & Ork.'
[Cp. Norw. dial, bola, a pimple (Aasen). See Bool, t'.']
BOOLED OARS, plir. Irel. A kind of oar used by
the Scotch quarter fishermen at Carrickfergus. See
Bool, sb.^ 6.
N.I.' Booled oars are those which row, two at one beam ; upon
each oar is fastened a piece of oak timber, the length of such part
of the oar as is worked within the boat; which timber enables
them to balance the oar so that they row with greater ease,
McSkimin Hisl. Carrickfergus.
BOOLER, sb. Yks. Lan. [b5l3(r).] A child's hoop.
See Bool, sb} 5.
n.Yks. {I.W.I, e.Yks.' Lan.* The hoop is gen. made from
pieces of wood similar to those used for the handles of osier
market-baskets.
BOOLIES, .s6. />/. Nhb.' Potsherds. See Boody.
BOOLY, see Bully.
BOOM, sb. Suf. [bum.] A blow. Hence Boomer,
sb. a hard blow.
Suf. Say that again, and I'll give you a boom in the eye. He
hit me a reg'lar boomer i^F.H.).
BOOM, num. adj. Obs. Wm. Also written buom,
buum. Fifteen. Lsed by shepherds when scoring sheep.
Wm. Used in combination with Yaan, Tyaan, Taed'ere, Maedere,
to form the numerals 16 [Yaan-e-boon], 17, i8, and 19, Traits.
Cum. Arch. Soc. (1877) 390; Lucas Sitid. Nidderdalt (c. 1882) 38.
(Cp. Wei. piiiup, five ; pymtlieg, fifteen.]
BOOMER, s6.' War.* Anything very large of its kind.
Cf. banger.
BOOMER, 5*.^* Obs. Nhb. Smuggled gin.
N.Cy.l (,ed. 2, s. v. Boomeri. So called from a place in Nhb.
(Boulmer). Nhb.' The connection of Boulmer with smuggling
was formerly proverbial; not only [in] gin, but all kinds of taxed
commodities.
BOOMETREE, sb. Nhb. Applied specifically to a
large tree.
Nhb. Tales Hist. Alnwick (1868) II. 148 ; The name is given to
a great tree in the township of Ulgham R.O.H.) ; Nhb.' A
venerable [ash] tree which stood in the wall of the churchyard at
Ahiwick. It was blown down on 17th February, 1836.
BOON, sZ>.' Sc. Irel. Nhb. In form buind Dmf. (Jam.)
[bun.]
1. A band of reapers, ' shearers,' or turf-cutters. Cf.
bond, sb.^
Dmf. The absurd nonsense of 'a boon of shearers' being turned
into large grey stones on account of their kemping [striving',
Brand Pop. Aii/ii/. (ed. 1849) II. 33. Dmf., Lth. Jam.) Rxb.
Wha shene the bob o' a' the boon. She was sae buskit braw, A.
Scott Poents (1808) 98. N.I.', Uls. (M.B.-S.) Ant. There may
be five, six, or more or less reapers in a boon, each shearing his
ridge of corn, Ballynieiia Obs. (1892) ; (S.A.B.") s.Don. .Simmons
Gl. (1890). Nhb.' There is a contest among the maidens in the
boon or gang of reapers. Brockie Leg. iii.
2. Camp. Boon-dinner, dinner given on the harvest-field
to a band of reapers.
Sc. The youths and maidens . . . waited a serious and lengthened
blessing from the good-man of the boon-dinner, Blackw. Mag.
(July, 1820) 375 (Jam.).
BOON, i-A.= and v. Obsol. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Chs. Der. Not. Lin. Rut. Also Ken. Wil. Also in
form been S. & Ork.'; bean m.Yks.'; beun N.Cy.* Nhb.' ;
beunn Cum.' ; booin w.Yks.^ ; 'booyn w.Yks.*
1. sb. Service, in kind or in labour, paid by a tenant to
his landlord, or to the lord of the manor.
N.Cy.', Cum.', n.Yks.'2 w.Yks.'; w.Yks.* Fowl and sometimes
labour given over and above the rent.
2. Voluntary help, given to a farmer by his neighbours,
in time of harvest, haymaking, &c.
n.Cy. Grose (1790"). Wm.' Yks. Come, let's give him a boing,
Leeds Merc. Stippl. (Nov. 8. 1884) 8. w.Yks. Scatcherd Hisl.
Morley (ed. 1874) 168 ; w.Yks.^ Given to a new tenant, or to one
behindhand with his work ; w.Yks.* To give a booin'. Der.',
sw.Lin.'
3. In pi. Highway rates.
Lin. N. & Q. (1884 6th S. x. 74.
4. Contp. (i) Boon-coals, coals distributed to the poor;
(2) -day, (a) a day of gratuitous help given to a neighbour ;
(b) a day on which tenants were obliged to work for the
landlord ; also the service so rendered ; (c) a day when
parishioners repair the highway ; (3) -hook, the harvest-
work which a tenant was forced to give his landlord ; (4)
•man, a dispenser of gifts ; an almoner ; (5) -maister, a
sur\'eyor of highways ; (6) -plough, (71 -ploughing, a day's
work of ploughing, given to a farmer in need of help, or
to a landlord ; (81 -service, personal service to a landlord ;
(9) -shearing, voluntary assistance in shearing; (10)
-wain, a highway cart; (n) -work, service rendered to
a landlord in payment of rent; see also below.
(i) Not.* (2, «i Nhb.' On these occasions the teams vie with
each other in appearance and in the work of the day. Horses are
specially groomed and gaily decorated with rosettes and coloured
ribbons. Cum. (M.P.I Wm.' Yks. TK U'kly. Post (1883).
m.Yks.l, nw.Der.', sw.Lin.' (i) N.Cy.' Vast quantities of land in
the H. counties, particularly in Cum., arc held under lords of
manors by customary tenure, subject to the payment of fines and
heriots, and the performance of various duties and services on the
boon-days. Nhb.' Cum. Tenants arc bound to the performance
of various ser\'ices, called boon-days, such as getting and leading
the lord's peats, plowing and harrowing his land, reaping his
corn, haymaking, carrying letters. Sic, Reports A gric. (1793-1813', ;
Cum.' n.Yks. To lead or carry with their teams, in the customary
days, called boon-days, Tuke .Igric. 1800) 61 ; n.Yks.' Chs.'
Ken. So called on the Winchelsea estate some years ago. The
service was rendered by horses and men, for a certain number of
days in the year (P.M.). Wit.' Certain d.iys during winter on
which farmers on the Savcrnake estate were formerly bound to
haul timber for their landlord. (r) Yks. Grose (1790I MS. add.
(P.) e.Y^a. Leeds Merc. Siippl. (Nov. 21,18911; e.Y^a.^ MS. add.
(T.H.) ne.Lan.', n.Lin.' (3^ S. & Ork.' (4) n.Yks.2 Obs. (5)
n.Lin.' (6) Wm.' We're gaan to hev a boon-ploo nesht week.
Lan.' n.Lan.' A custom of very frequent occurrence in Furness.
[The day] ends in jollity, the recipient finding entertainment for
all. (7; Cum. Every spring there are numerous instances of Boon-
BOON
[342]
BOOSE
ploughing days (M.P.). Wm. (B.K.), neXan.l (8) Lan. Many
farms are held by leases on three lives . . . and a small annual rent
reserved, and sometimes an addition of boon-services, Marshall
Review ^I8I8) I. 275. (9) Lan.' (ro) Lin. N. <&- g. 1 1 884 i 6th S. x.
74. di") n.Yks. In the wa3' of boon-woik he had to give two
days' labour, hoeing or weeding, Atkinson Old Whitby (1894)
174. Chs. Almost every farmer had formerly to do a certain
amount of what was called boon-work, Clis. N. & Q. (1883)
III. 7 ; Chs.' Fast becoming 065. In farm agreements of thirty or
forty years ago there was almost invariably a clause binding the
tenant to do a certain number of days' boon-work for his landlord,
the number of days being reg:ulated by the size of the farm.
Before the present Highway Act came into force, farmers used to
work off a portion or even the whole of their highway rates by
doing boon-work upon the roads. It was formerly very much the
custom for the farmers in a parish to club together to cart the
year's supply of coals for the blacksmith ; and this also was
spoken of as boon-work. As an equivalent the blacksmith often
sharpened the plough irons free of charge ; Chs.^ In former times
the tenant kept acock for his landlord, and a dog. The landlord's
geese and pigs were turned into the tenant's fields after the crops
were removed. A tenant also brought his landlord every year
a cheese or a goose.
5. V. To render voluntary help to a neighbour.
Der.* Rut. ^ To help another, e.g. in getting in hay.
6. To render service for a landlord.
n.Cy. Grose (1790) ; N.Cy.=, \hb.i, n.Yks.l [(K.)]
7. To mend a highway.
n.Der. N. tr O. (1880 6th S. iv. 358. Lin. Morton Cydo. Agiic.
(1863) ; Streatfeild Lin. and Danes (1884) 318 ; Vox agro Lin.
usitata. Skinner (1671). n.Lin. Sutton IVds. (1881) ; n.Lin.i I'd
hev all Cheches puU'd doon to boon th' roads wi'.
Hence Booning, vbl. sb. rendering service, (1) to a
neighbour, (2) to a landlord, (3) on the highway.
(i)w.Yks.5 Nhp.i Going a booning. sw.Lin.', Rut.' (2) w.Yks.'
It [a cart] wor crazy an wankle enif wi' boonin for t'landlord, ii.
s86. Lin. This kind of service was rendered esp. to clerical land-
lords ; and many farmers agree, as part of their rent, to lead so
many loads of coal or anything else from the market town, to find
horses and waggons to lead their landlords' hay, and to perform
other such work, N. CT Q. (iSBi") 6th S. iv. 13. (3I Lin. Morton
Cydo. Agiic. 1 1863) ; Farmers who preferred it might work out
all or part of their rates by sending a man with a horse and cart
to lead gravel or do other work on the roads. ... At the end of the
week [credit was given] in a proper account book to the various
parties for so many days' booning. A', if O. (1881) 6th S. iv. 13.
[1. Cone'e, a boon, or bound ; a toilsome and drudging
daies work, lent unto a friend, or (more prop.) due by a
vassal or tenant, Cotgr. 4. (2, b) The custom was here
for the natives and cottagers to plow and harrow for the
lord, and to work one boon-day for him every week in
harvest, Blount Aiic. Tenures (1679) 153. 7. To boon,
vias hyeme corntptas acslate reparare, Coles (1679) ; Item
for bred to the boners att Epurstenour for castyng erth
and beyrers yerof by iii dayes the xij*'' day of Marche,
xjrt, Nott. Rec. (1494) III. 273. ON. boit, a prayer; cp.
OE. bm, a prayer, as in ben-np, the service of reaping
gratuitously ; see Bene, si.]
BOON, see Aboon, Bun.
BOONAVARA, sb. S. & Ork.> In phr. to keep in
hoonai'aia, to reserve, to economize.
[Cp. ON. blinadr, housekeeping, equipment, and vara,
wares.]
BOOND, sb. S. & Ork.i Also in form bond-. A
peasant, a small farmer. Also in comp. Boonds-folk,
peasantry, country people.
[ON. bondi, peasant, husbandman.]
BOONDED, see Bownfd.
BOON-HEAD, BOONMOST, see Aboon.
BOONYED, ppt. adj. Or.I. Equipped, in complete
order.
Or.I. Still used. Boonycd f'ae tap to tae, Ellis P/oHK«f. (1889')
V. 805, 810. _
[Cp. O'H.biia, to make ready ; biiinn, pp. ready; bmiadr,
equipment.]
BOONZY, inl. Yks. [bunzi.] Exclamation of sur-
prise.
e.Yks.' Boonzy ! what's up noo!
BOOR, sb. Lin. [buafr).] The woody material in
which the fibre of flax and hemp is enclosed.
n.Lin. 1 When the flax was to be prepared for use, the seed was
taken from it by means of a mill ; the boor was taken from it by
other machines, Stonehouse /. A.xiwhne, 29.
BOOR, V. Oxf.i Brks.i [bua(r).] To walk very fast,
in phr. boorin" along.
BOORD, see Bode.
BOORDLY, see Buirdly.
BOOREY, sb. Nhb. Also in forms bowery, brewery
Nhb.' ; bowrie e.Dur.' [biiri, biiari.] A ring of marbles ;
a game at marbles.
Nhb. Aw mun noo set ye on tar in The gam' o' the boorey o'
life, Keehnans Ann. (1869I 23 ; Nlib.' A ring is drawn, and on
its circumference and in its centre are placed common marbles.
The player ' fires' from the ' past,' or starting mark, and all the
marbles knocked outside the ring become his own. The marble
rests where it has stopped till the next player has had his 'shot.'
When all the shots but one have been cleared, the player next in
order has the option of 'a lie'; this is done by laying his ' tar'
inside the boorey and close to the ' shot.' At his next turn he
' fires * so as to knock out the * shot' and lay his * tar ' as near as
possible to the ' tar ' of the player who holds the greatest number
of shots, at which he now ' fires,' and if he makes a successful hit,
or ' kill,' he wins the game. e.Dur.^
[Boorey, breivety, ' a ring,' may be compared w. burrow
and brough, a circle of light about the moon ; see N.E.D.
Burrowe, orbiculus, also Burvvhe, sercle. Prompt.]^
BOORICK, see Bourach.
BOORLY, adj. and adv. Obs. ? Nhb. Yks.
1. adj. Of persons : rough, boorish. [Not known to our
correspondents.]
n.Cy. Grose (1790) Siippl. ; N.Cy.i, Nhb.>, w.Yks.i
2. adv. Clumsily, roughly.
w.Yks. Spreead table-cloth a bit boorl}-, Carr Horae Mom. Crav.
(1824) 23, ed. 1834.
BOOR-TREE, see Bour-tree.
BOOS, sb.pl. S. & Ork.' The shoulders of a horse.
[ON. bogr, the shoulder of an animal. Cp. OE. bdh
(bog-), the shoulder (of a ram), a bough.]
BOOSCHT, sb. Bnfi: [bujt.] A small and lively
person ; a talkative person. See Buist.
Bnff.i He's a gangin' booscht o' a mannie.
BOOSE, sA.i Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Der. Lei. Also written beace e.Yks. ; beeas, bewce,
bewse w.Yks.; beuss Cum.'; bis Ant.; boise w.Yks.;
booasWm.; booisw.Yks.; bouse Nhb.; booyse w.Yks.";
buess N.Cy.i Nhb.'; buis(e Nhb.' Cum.; buse N.Cy.'
Nhb.'; buos Cum. [bus, bius.]
1. A stall for a horse or cow ; the upper part of the
stall, where fodder is placed. See Boost, Boosing,
Boosy.
N.I.i Ant. Ballyniena Oh.':. (1892). n.Cy. Grose (1790) ; N.Cy.'
Nhb. Each [wagon] drops its burden into the bouse-teams ; that
is, into a range of open stalls. White Nlib. (1859 I46 ; Nhb.' A cow
boose. A hay boose. s.Dur. (J.E.D.) Cum. Their iiaigs frae th'
buoses brought, Stagg Misc. Poems (1805) Brideivain ; Cum.'
Wm. He lies a conny hause. . . . boos swept en band hung up,
Wheeler Dial. (ed. 1821)53; ^'^" [cow] wod gang intet rang
booas. Spec. Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 4 ; (B. K.1 ; Wm.i Yks. Thoresby
Ac//. (1703). n.Yks. Tec yon bullock up i't far buse (W H 1. e.Yks.
Marshall Rur Econ. (17881. w.Yks. There you see the Redstake
in the Bewse, Lucas Slud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) 31 ; He braads
o' th' dog i' t'boose [is like the dog in the manger], Carr Home
Mom. Crav. (1824') 24 ; w.Yks.' Tlicre's roum cnif an booses plenty
theear, ii. 293 ; w.Yks.^^^ Lan.' n.Lan. Dhat rod kau bus iz ausr
lail for hsr (W.S > ; nLan.'. ne.Lan.', e.Lan ' Chs.' Go likes the
boose, but not the ring-stake, Prov. 453 ; Chs.^^ Der.' When
a man weds a second wife, older [than] and perhaps not so hand-
some as the first, they say, ' he has put Browney into Cherry's
bouse '; Der.^, nw.Der.', Lei.'
2. Comp. (i) Boose-cheese, cheese made before the cows
are turned out to grass in the spring; (2) -head, the head
of a cow-stall ; (3) -seal, a piece of wood or a chain, by
whicli a cow is fastened in the stall ; (4) -stake, a stake in
a cow-house.
(I) Chs.' Called occas. 'Boozy cheese.' (2) n.Yks. Noo at
we've gitten beos oot we mun hev't buse-heeads clean'd oot
BOOSE
[343]
BOOT
(W.H.). (3) e.Yks. Leeds Merc. Siippl. (Nov. ai, 1891) ; w.Yks.a
^4) w.Yks.23
3. Fit;. A seat at table ; a bed ; a situation, place,
position.
Ant. A snuf» boose, Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) N.Cy.', Nhb.'
Cum.. Wm. When a child is born in houses where attendance is
limited, it used to be jestingly observed th.it the ne.xt youngest
'must now stand in Hawkie buise,' i.e. farther olT its mother{M I'. .
w.Yks. He's lookin eawt fur a bcttur boose (D. L.). Lan. Arc yo
getten sattJe"t into yor booses ! Waugh Owd Crunies, 215. e.Lan.
I Of the rejection of an M. P. at election time :] They'll ha' to find
him anotlier boose. A'. & Q. (,1874) 5th S. i. 6. Der.2
4. In phr. /o get iiilo Cherry's boose, to get into a ' warm
berth' or comfortable situation. Clis."'^
Hence Boosey, adj. Of cheese: having the flavour and
consistence of a 'boose' cheese.
Chs.' 1 think it tayses rather boosey.
[Boose, a word us'd in some places for an ox-stall or
cow-stall, Phillips (1706); Boose, stall, boitile. Levins
Manip. 1 1570) ; Watj neuer so blysful a bour as watj a bos
)enne, Cleanness {c. 1360) 1075. in Allit. P., ed. Morris. 67.
OE. "bos (whence bbsis. see Boosy, sb.)\ cp. ON. bass,
G. banse ; see Bense, sb?\
BOOSE, sb? and v. Sc. Also written booce. [biis.]
1. sb. Force, energy ; a bounce.
Sh.I. .Coll. L. L. B.j S. & Ork 1 To come into a house with a
boose. Bnff. He cam in wi' a booss (W.G.).
2. V. To bustle about, to be violent in action ; to push.
Sh.I. A lyrie comes an booses trou da steid [a red coal-fish conies
and pushes through the mass], Burgess /fai»ire{i89ii 102. Bnff.
She took the bung an boosst but an ben the fleer as gehn she wiz
widd OV.G.).
Hence (i) Boosam, adj. busy, active ; (2) Boosan, vbl.
sb. bustling, moving about ; (3) Boosin,///. adj. bouncing,
active.
(i) S. & Ork.* (a'l n.Sc. Sic a boossan oot an in she keepit a'
day (W.G.). (3) Sh.I. But an ben, Boofin Baabie [Barbara],
Burgess 7?as>Ki« (1891) 51. S.&Ork.i n.Sc. She's a boosin lass
(W.G.).
[Cp. Sc. poiiss, to push ; Fr. poiisser.]
BOOSE, see Booze.
BOOSEN. see Boosing.
BOOSEY, see Boosy.
BOOSHIE, in/. Sh.I. A call to cows.
Sh.I. In common use 1 K.I.~) ; S. & Ork.'
BOOSING, sb. Chs. Der. Lei. Nhp. War. Glo. O.xf.
Som. Also written boosen Der.*; boozing Chs.' Nhp.';
bosen Der.* ; bossin War. ; bousen Oxf. ; bouzen Glo.' ;
bowsen Glo. ; bowsin Som. [buzin.]
1. A cow-shed ; a cattle-stall ; a feeding-rack or cattle-
trough. See Boose, Boost, B osy.
Midi. Marshall Riir. Econ. (1796 . Der.*, nw.Der.', Lei.'
Nhp.' You need not feed the cows, there's hay left in the boozing ;
Nhp.* War. (J.R.W.) Glo. Owld Dan'l starts off fur the
bowsen, an' fetches hisself a stick for to drive's cow back wi',
Buckman Daike's Sojourn 1 1890 .xv ; Very common in m. Cottes-
wolds, but does not seem to be used in the Vale (.S.S.B.) ; Glo.'
Oxf.' A feeding-rack for cows placed against the whole length of
a wall, or building, often made of ' nut-tree ' wood, and built from
the ground, MS. add. Som. V^. & J. Gl. (1873).
2. Conip. (I) Boosing-field, a field close to the cow-
houses, used for feeding the cattle ; (2) -stake, a stake to
which cattle are fastened in a cow-house.
(,1) Chs. Chs. N. & Q. (1883) III. 8 ; Chs.' The Chs. custom of
tenure of a farm is to enter and leave the land on the and of Feb..
and the house, buildings, garden, and boozing fieUl on the 12th of
May. The boozing field is selected by the landlord, and is gen.
as near as possible to the outbuildings for the convenience of
turning the cattle out to water and for exercise. (21 MidL Mar-
shall/?i<r. £fO«. (1796). CYis. Chs. N.tf Q.yi&8aj\. sag. Der.*,
nw.Der. '
BOOSSOK, see Bussock.
BOOST, sb. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Not._ Also
written beust, bust N.Cy.' Nlib.' ; buist Cum. [bust!
1. A cow-stall ; a manger at the head of a stall. See
Boose, Boosing, Boosy.
N.Cy.', Nhb.', Cum. (J.Ar.\ w.Yks.* Lan. Morton Cyelo.
Aghc. Lan.' One of the everyday prov. in use here [Goosnargh,
in the Fylde] is : ' A famine begins in the cow boost,' Fishwkk
Hisl. Goosttari;/i{i8Ti) xi. e.Lan.', Chs.', Not. ^W.H.S.)
2. A bed. m.Lan.'
3. Fiff. A place, 'berth,' position.
N.Cy.', Nhb.' w.Yks. He's got a good boost (S.O.A.) ; w.Yks.*
Sometimes used in a secondary sense, as when a father, playing
with his children, says ' Come into t'boost ' [between my knees].
BOOST, V. Sh. &. Or.I. and svv.Sc. Also written
buist, bust, [bust.] 3rd sing, (iinprop. used in isl sing.)
Must, ought, used of moral or logical necessity. See Bood.
S. & Ork.' Cr.I. (Jam.) Ayr. When in my wooing pride I like
a blockhead boost to ride. Burns Iitvenloty (1786); I fear that
with the geese I shortly boost to pasture, ib. Dreant (1786^. Dmf.
He beside himsel' buist be, QuiNN Heather Linlie (,ed. 1863) 79.
Wgt. He bust to do't 1 Jam.).
[Him bus haue warnes him with of wit & of mynde,
Wars Ale.x. (c. 1450I 3354 ; This bus duly be done, Dest.
Troy (c. 1400) 5643; For o[er writhes bos ('most' in
Cotton. MS.) o[er tymber make, Cursor M. (c. 1300)
333. Bos contr. fr. behoves^
BOOSTERING, adj Som. Dev. Cor. [boestarin.]
1. Bustling, active ; labouring so as to perspire.
w.Som.' Her'sa maain boosterin sort of a umman. n Dev. Wone
mussen olweys be a boostering. must a ? E.xin. Scold. , 1746) I 295 ;
's a bibbling, boostering, brindcd chap. Rock Jim an' Nell 1,1867)
St. 85. Dev.l
2. Of work: hard, exhausting.
Cor. 'Tcs boostering work, J. Tuenoodle Spec. Dial. (1846) 41 ;
Cor.i*
BOOSTIS, see Bustious.
BOOSY, sA. Yks. Chs. Stf. Der. Won Shr. Ilrf. Also
written boosey Der. w. Won' Shr.'* Hrf.* ; boozie(K.);
boozy Chs.' s.Chs.' [biizi.]
1. The manger of a cattle-stall ; a division in a cow-shed.
See Boosing, Boost.
Chs. (K.~l, s.Chs.i, Stf.*, w.Wor.', Shr.'* Hrf. [On the vigil
of Twelfth Day] n large cake is put on the horn of the first ox [in
the stalls]. . . . The ox is then tickled, to make him toss his head :
if he throw the cake behind, then it is the mistress's perquisite;
if before (in what is termed the boosy . the bailiff himself claims
the prize. Brand Pop. Anliq. (ed 1849 1 I. 30; Hrf.'*
Hence Boozy up ! /«/., an exclamation used to cows
when they arc required to move to one side in the boosies.
s. Chs.'
2. A meadow lying near the cattle-sheds; gen. called
Boosypasture, q.v.
Der. Reports Agric. (i793-i8i3\ Hrf.*
3. Used attrib. in conip. (il Boosy-cheese, cheese made
before the cows are turned out to grass; (2) -field, (3)
grass, (4) -land, (5) -pasture, grass lying near to the
cow-sheds, see below; (6) -stake, the stake to which a
cow is fastened in the stall ; (7) -trough, a trough contain-
ing the cow's ' licking.'
(_i) Chs. '3, s.Chs.' (a)Chs.' (3I [A'. <V £>. (1850) ist S. ii. 133.]
(4'! Stf. (J.A.L.) (5") w.Yks.* On a change of tenancy the outgoing
tenant has the privilege of retaining or using between the second
day of February and the third day of March certain land adjoining
the buildings on his farm. This is called boosy pasture. Chs.**
s.Chs.' Also called altlet [outlet]. Der. Reports Agric. (1793-
i8i3\ Wor. The custom is for the tenant to have the right of a
certain portion of the premises, two rooms in the house, and boosey
pasture until May i succeeding the termination of the tenancy,
Evesliam Jnt. (Sept. 19, 1896;. w.Wor.' Shr.' Ground claimed
by the off-going tenant at Lady Day for the use of his cattle up to
the first of M.iy, on which to consume hay, turnips, and such
produce as is not allowed to be taken off the farm; Shr.* i,6)
Chs.', Stf.*, Shr.' (7) Chs.'
4. Fig. A bed. Der.*
[OE, busig [bosih); see Lind. and Rushw. Gospels,
Luke xiii. 15; a der. of *6os; sec Boose, sb.^\
BOOT, si»,' Sc. Cum. Yks. Lan, Lin. Nhp. Wan e.An.
Ken. Sun Sus. Dev. Also written beut¥Cum.'; booit
w.Yks. ; beet Abd.
1. A long boot reaching above the knee.
n Lin.l Used by farm labourers in cleaning the ditches near the
Trent. ' I'll hev that thcare drean clean'd oot atween them two
fohertcen aacre, as soon as 1 can borra' a pair o' boots."
BOOT
[344I
BOOTS AND SHOES
Hence Beetikin, sb. a heavy hobnailed boot.
Abd. Used gen. by farm servants (P.G.) ; The heavy beetikin on
either foot, ALZXAtiDZU Johnny Gibb (1871) iii.
2. Comb, (i) Boots-and-stockings, a mild form of oath ;
(2) -hose, coarse worsted hose, without feet, formerly
worn instead of boots; (3) -leg, (4) -legging, a gaiter;
(5) -shoes, thick half-boots ; (6) -stockings, see -hose ;
(7) -strap, a boot-lace.
(i) Lan. It's a tail, by owd boots-an'-stockins ! Brierley Irkdale
(1865) vi. (2) Sc. Boot-hose [were] fixed by a flap under the
buckle of the shoe, and covering the breeches at the knee. Also
called Gramashes(jAM.); His stout legs, accoutred with the ancient
defences, called boot-hose, Scott Si. Ro»an (1824'! xxxvi. Lnk.
His blue boot-hose [he] drew ower his knees, Hamilton Poems
(1865)81. (3) Ken. (P.M.), Sur.i,Sus.' (4) Sus. A long leather
gaiter reaching from boot to thigh (F.E.). (5) Ken. Properly
speaking, boot-shoes are the ordmary boots of to-day, but the term
is gen. applied only to such as are of a thick and heavy descrip-
tion. A man would say he went into the mud over his boot-shoes.
' A pair boot shoes and a hatt granted,' Pbickley Vestry Bk. (Dec.
31, 1783) (P.M.) ; Ken.l ' Boot-shoe high ' is a common standard
of measurement of grass. (61 Cum. A wallet o' drab stripe and blue,
And slung onder t'beiittstockin legs, Dickinson Cimibr. (1876)
S46 ; Cum.i Much worn by elderly men when on horseback about
1800. Also called Hoggers, Fots. (7) nw.Dev.'
3. Phr. (i) As dark as a boot, very dark ; (2) to die ivilh
o«f'5 ioo/s o«, to die a violent death ; (3) to give [the) boot(s,
to kick ; see also below ; (4) the boot is on the other leg, the
case is otherwise.
(i) w.Yks. All wor as dark as a booit. Hartley Clock Aim.
(1889) 17 ; BrighoKse News (Aug. 10, 1889). (2) e.An.l {3)Nhp.2
A kind of punishment to such boys as have carelessly neglected their
duty in the harvest, or treated their labour with negligence. A
long form is placed in the kitchen forming a hedge for the 'hogs,'
as the truant boys are called, to pass over, while a strong chap
stands on each side Wfith a boot-legging, soundly strapping them as
they scuffle over the bridge, Clare Vill. Min. (1821)23. War.
The punishment inflicted with a pair of boots on one laid flat on a
bench, for misdemeanour during harvest time. Brand Pop. Aniiq.
(ed. 18701 II. 21. Nrf. ' Give that varmint Janter the boot.' 'Give
him what ? "Why kick him out, sir,' Haggard Co/. OwanVcA (i888j
I. xii. (4) w.Yks. T'booit'sa t'tuther leg,ah say, Tom Treddlehoyle
Bairnsla Ann. (1859) 31.
BOOT, sb.^ and v. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Der.
Lin. Nhp. Also Oxf Som. Also in forms beeat n.Yks. ;
beuttCum.'; bewt w.Yks. ; beyut Nhb.'; booit w.Yks. ;
bote N. Cy.' ; buit Dur.' Cum. ; bute N.Cy.'; byut Nhb.'
1. sb. Profit, advantage ; help, defence.
Abd. There is nae other boot but it maun be, Ross Helmore
(1768) 178. Lin. I went about it while there was any boote,
but now it bootes not, Bernard Terence [ei. 1629) 78. n.Lin.^,
Glo.'2 [Necessary timber or wood for necessary uses : Plough-
boot, House-boot, Fire-boot, Worlidge Diet. Rust. (1681).]
2. Payment made to equalize an exchange ; something
given into the bargain ; esp. in phr. to boot.
Sc. He has got the boot and the better beast, Henderson Frov.
(1832) 43, ed. 1881. N.Cy.' ; N.Cy.° What boot will you give me
between your old yawd and my filly? Nhb.i !„ bartering horses,
the man with the inferior one will say, ' Aa'll gie ye five pund te
beyut.' In tenancy, the added right to take hay, firing, &c., from
the waste. Dur.' Cum. I'll give my horse, an' five pun' to buit,
for yours (E.W.P.) ; Two duzzan, and ten to beiit, Farrall Betty
IVilson (1886) 9. n.Yks. (T.S.) w.Yks. Ah've swopp'd him a
knife fer this stick an' he's gi'en mha tuppence to booit {JE.B.) ;
'What will tagimma ta booit for mine's better horse still ?' ' Nowt,'
says Tommy, 'I'll swop even hands if ta will!' Bingley Herald
N. &= Q. (1887); w.Yks.'; w.Yks.* He gave me his knife and
a shilling to boot. Lan. To Douglas the tincker for boote betwixt
thre old pannes of my M''" and a new one of his, iij', Harland
GaicW;o>-/>f //a«in C/ie<. 5o(-. (1854") XXXV. 194. ne.Lan.i m.Lan.'
A ninepenny coyl-bucket, an' a hofe-peawnd o' chep tay to boot, is
poor swap for a shillin'. n.Lin.' I'll swap herses wi' y6, and gie y&
my saddle and bridle to boots. Nhp.' I'll have it if you will give
me something to boot. Oxf.' I'll chop my heifer for yourn and
give ee two pun to boot, MS. add. w.Som.' Gi mee vaawur
paewn, vur dhu buut oa un, un yiie shl aeu dhu ai-d tu beot
[give me four pounds for the butt and you shall have the head to
boot (of a fallen tree)]. This is the only form of this word now
current in the dial.
Hence Beutless, adj. profitless, futile.
Cum.' He's gaan a beutless eran'.
3. CoiHp. Beutt-nioney, money given to equalize an
exchange. Cum.'
4. In phr. (i) Into the boot, (2) o' boot, (3) to the boot of,
in addition to, to boot, moreover.
(i) Sc. Your friend would lose his money and run the risk of a
quarrel into the boot, Scott St. Ronan (1824) xviii. (2) Ayr. Tak'
thou the carlin's carcase aff, Thou'se get the saul o' boot, Burns
Henpecked Squire. (3) Sc. All the cushions in Falkland were
placed in his chair of state, and the Provost of Dunfirmline's
borrowed to the boot of all. Scott Nigel (1822) xiii. Abd. My boy
was clear'd. And he found to the boot, A guid roun sum, Shirrefs
Poems (1790) 33.
5. V. To signify, to matter. Used impers.
N.Cy.' w.Yks. Hutton Tour to Caves (1781). n.Lin.' It duzn't
boot a penny to me whether ther's a brig builded oher Bottes-
worth beck or noa. Der.' It boots not. [Itbooteth not(K.).]
6. To barter, exchange.
Glo.' I tried 'im a long time, but he oodn't boot.
[1. When ))e bale is best, f^enne is ))e bote nest, Quoh
Hendyng, Proverbs of Hendyng (c. 1300) 176, in Spec. EL.
H. 40; see also quots. s.v. Bale, sb^ OE. and ON. bijt,
advantage, good, whence OE. bctan, to improve ; see
Beet, z».]
BOOT, see Bolt, Boud, Bought.
BOOTED, ///. rtrf/'. Sus. Hmp. Of corn: imperfectly
grown, so that part of the ear remains enclosed in its
sheath.
Sus. Wheat thus wounded [by frost] seldom has the strength to
clear itself from the blade, and is provincially called booted corn,
Ann. Agiic. (1784-1815). Sus., Hmp. Holloway.
BOOTH, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks Lan. Lin. Glo.
1. A cow-house ; a dairy (?).
w.Yks. Formerly used near Bolton Abbey to denote a cow-shed
(J.N.L) ; w.Yks.2
2. A herdsman's hut. Cf bothie.
Lan. Booths or mansions erected for the residence of herdsmen,
Harland & Wilkinson Flk-Lore (1867) 20a.
3. An outlying hamlet on the edge of the fens.
Lin. Brooke Tracts, 4 ; Lin.' sw.Lin.' Branston Booths, Han-
worth Booths.
4. Comp. (i) Booth-hall, the great hall at Gloucester, in
which assizes were held ; (2) -meal, shop-rent ; (3) -man,
a corn merchant.
(i) Glo. (S.S.B.); Grose (1790'! jl/S. «(/;/. (H.) (2) Sc. iA. 7I/S.
add. (C.) (3) N.Cy.' Nhb.' 1 he Boothmen were incorporated
with the company of Merchant Adventurers in Newcastle. Obs.
BOOT-HALER,s6. Obs. n.Cy. A freebooter, marauder.
N.Cy.', Nhb.'
[A common word in Cotgr. : Batre les chemins, to belay
the way, as purse-takers and boothalers do ; see also
Adventiirier, Balteurs d'estrade, Biilineur, Destroitsseur de
gens, Picoreiir. Boot, sb.'' -1- hater, fr. hale, vb. to haul.]
BOOTHER, see Boulder.
BOOTIE, sb. Or.L Also written booto, boota;
booty (Jam.) ; buitie S. & Ork.' A square woollen cloth
or shawl worn by women over the head and shoulders.
Or.I. Wippin' her booto tae the sae-ttee, Paitv ToraTs Travcllye
(1880) 43, in Ellis Pronunc. (1889) 799 ; iS.A.'S.) S. & Ork.'
BOOTING, vbl. sb. Nhp. A harvest-home custom of
punishing one who has misbehaved in the harvest-field.
See Boot, 56.' 3.
Nhp.' The custum is still kept up at some of the neiglibouring
villages.
BOOTS, sb. pi. Chs. Shr. Caltha paltistris, marsh
marigold.
Shr.' Edgmond children at the present day call the flowers Boots,
as Richard Barnefield— an Edgmond man — did in 1594. Also
called Meadow Bout, May-flowers.
[Caltha paliistris ... in English Marigolds, in Cheshire
and those parts it is called Bootes, Gerarde Herb. (ed.
1633) 818 ; Fine pretie King-cups and the yellow Bootes,
That growes by riucrs and by shallow brookes, Barnefield
Afpec. Shepheard (1594), in IVks., ed. Grosart, 15.]
BOOTS AND SHOES, phr. In plant-names : (i)
Aconitiim nnpellus, monk's-hood (Cor.'^j; (2) Aqiiilegia
BOOTY
[345]
BORDEL
vulgaris, columbine (ib.); (3) Cypripedium calceoltis, lady's
slipper I Dev.*) ; (4) Lotus conikitlalus, bird's-foot trefoil
(Sus. Dcv.*).
■BOOTY, adj} Clis. [bu-ti.] Of soil : sticky.
Chs.i \ rcdj booty sand.
BOOTY, sb. and adj? Obsol. Sc. (?) Nhb. Yks. Wor.
Slang.
1. sb. In phr. to play booty, to play or act falsely, to cheat ;
also to fight Inioty.
Gall. Crockett Raiders (i8g4^xx.\v. n.Cy. The mocltbattle was
always fought booty, Brand I'op. .'liiliq. {^TJT^ 261. Nhb.' Obs.
Sometimes they'll play fairly, and whiles they'll play booty,
Stu.vrt Joco- Serious Disoiirse (1686). w.Yks.^'', s.Wor. i H.K )
Slang. Eachcovevosteazed wilhdoublcduty,'ro please his backers,
yet play booty, Ainsworth Jiookwood, bk. iv. ii. [Grose (1790)
MS. acid. I P.)]
2. adj. Unfair, opposed to fair play.
Wor. An old peasant near E\'esham said that in backswording
it was booty for one opponent to hit another after a blow had been
given which drew blood, and that in wrestling it was booty to
kick or trip an opponent above the knee (E.9. "*.
[1. He had scornfully refused a considerable bribe to
play booty on such an occasion. Fielding J. Andrews
(1742) bk. I. ii ; To play booty, praevaricor, colludo, Coles
(1679). The phr. orig. meant to play into the hands of
confederates in order to share the 'booty' with thcm.J
BOOTY, see Bootie.
BOOYN, sec Boon.
BOOYSE, see Boose.
BOOZE, sb.^ and v. In goi. dial, and colloq. use in Sc.
Ircl. and Eng. Also written boose, bouse, bowse.
1. sb. Intoxicating drink.
Lth. Ower the sang-inspirin* bouse, Croon mony a ditty,
Ballantine Poems (1856) 69. Etf.^ Ei got so fond on iz buz.
War.2 Slang. Farmer.
2. A drinking bout, a drunken frolic ; esp. in phr. on the
booze.
Abd. Can I mak cot for haiidin' sic a booze ? Cfiiidninn In^iis-
niaill 1875) 44. Ayr. And if we dinna had a bonze. I'se ne'er
drink mair. Burns To Mr. J. Kiiiiiedv. Nhb.' He's on the booze.
'We'll hev a royal booze te-day,' Wilson Dici.-v's H'i^ (^1826).
War.* Glo. He's bin on the booze dredful (S.S.B.).
3. V. To drink, to tipple freely.
Ayr. There let him bowse and deep carouse. Burns Sc. Drink
(1786). Edb. He had been bousing about the country side, MoiR
Mditsie Jl'aticti (1828) xiii. Nhb. At tlie public-hoose aw boos'd,
CiiATT Poems (1866) 54; Nhb.i Wm. & Cum.' There we may
.... bouse A wee bit at our ease, 187. w.Yks.-* Lan.' He's
done nowt but booze for a fortnit. e.Lan.', Stf.^ Nhp.' They've
been boozing all day. War.^. Erks.' Ess. We'll booze it away,
dull care we'll defy, Dixon .Siigs. Eiijr. Peas. (1846) 192.
Hence (i) Boozed, ppl. adj. drunk, fuddled; also fig.
soaked, wet ; (2) Boozer, 5/;. a fuddlcr, a sot ; a public-
house ; (3) Boozing, /■/!/. (7(i)'. drunken ; (4) Boozing-ken,
sb. a public-house ; (5) Boozy, a<lj. fond of drink ; tipsy.
(i) w.Yks. (W.F.1, Sti'.^ Nlip.' A countryman, describing his
first voyage, said, * I was boozed all over with the dashing of the
waves.' War.2 (2I Fif. Amid his feir O fellow-bonscrs braw,
Tennant Papistry (1827) 25. Ant. Grose (1790 MS. add. l^C.)
Stf.2 Lon. I pops around [stays] at the boozer, Dy. News (Jan. 4,
1895) 3> <^ol' 7- (3) Slk. You are absurdly represented as a
boozing buflfoon, Chr. North Nodes 1 ed. 1856) III. 178. Ant.
Grose U79o) 'WS. add. (C.) War.^ (4^ Lan. I should take you
for the gov'nor of a boozing-ken, St.mon Three Graces, 6. Slang.
The hovel which they termed their boozing-ken, Ainsworth
Rookwood, bk. ill. v; They have a ' shant of gattcr' [pot of beer]
at tlie nearest 'boozing ken,' M.WHEW Loud. Labour (1851 1 I.
218. (5) Abd. On stufl" like this m.ay we get aften boozy, OcG
IVillic U'niy '1873) 14. Lth. At midnight when bodies get
bouzie, Ballantine A>r.v/5 (,18561 134. Nhb.', m.'Yks.' w.Yks.
Tom bed cum home a bit booscy, Cudworth Skelelies (1884) 29.
Lan. The old nn'll think I'm boosy, Brierley Colters, xiv. Stf.^,
War. (J. R.W.I, Brks.' Glo. He's a bit o' a boozy chap (S.S.B.).
Som. Sweetman H'iiicaiiloii Gl. (1885^ Cor.*
[1. No bouse? nor no tobacco? Massinger New Way
(1632) I. i ; Called for a gage of bowse . . . presently a pot
of ale was put into his hand, Di;kkeu Belmaii (1608) 83.
3. Now bowse a round health to the go-well and corn-well,
VOL. I.
Brome Joi'iall Crew (1652) ii ; The conipanic . . . lye bowz-
ing and bcere-bathing in their houses cverie aftcrnoone,
Nash Pierce (1592) (Nakes). (4) My doxy stayes for me
in a bousing ken, Middleton & Dekker Roaring Cirle
{1611) K.3.]
BOOZE, si.2 Dur. Yks. Der. Also written bouse
w.Yks.'
1. Lead ore in a comparatively pure state.
Dur. Booze separates easily from its matrix, and h.as nr.t to be
' huddled ' or washed. Used in Tcesdale lead mining i^W.W.P.'.
Der. Manlove Lead Mines (1653^
2. Cotiip. Bousesmithcm, small ore as it is washed by
the sieve. w.Yks.'
BOOZING, see Boosing.
BOOZY, sec Boosy.
BOOZY-ALLEY, ;;;/. Nhb. An ejaculation used by
boys.
Nhb.' \c boozy-alley, what a crood thor is !
BOP, sb. Suf.' A child's name for father.
BOP, V. Ken. [bop.] To throw anything down with
a resounding noise.
Ken. (P.M.); Ken.'
BOP, see Bob.
BOPPY,.';/;. e Lan.' [bo'pi.] A child's nnnie for a cow.
BOP-TAILED, adj. Suf [bop-teld.] Bob-tailed, cut
short.
Suf. F.H.); (C.G.B.)
BOR, sb. Cmb. Nrf. Suf Ess. Also written bo' Cmb ;
boa Ess.' ; borh c.An.' Nrf; bour Cmb.' [bpir).] A term
of familiar address, applied to persons of either sex and
of all ages ; neighbour! For the pi. together is used.
Cmb. Ellis Prominc. (1889) V. 251 ; Cmb.' e.An.' One old
woman m.Ty say to another, ' Co', bor, let's go a-sticking in the
squire's plantations.' And the other may answer, 'Aye, bor, so
we will.' Nrf. (G.E.D.'t; I should jest about think j-ow du, Roger,
bor, A.B.K. irrig/il's Fortune (18851 6; 'Well, bor,' I says.
Spilling Giles (1872) 24 ; Nr.''.' It has been wittily observed, that
' togetlier' is the plural of 'tor.' Suf. We address our friends as
Smith bor! Ji ncs bor! e.An. Dv. Times 11892,; Hullo bor!
where beyouagoin'? C.G.B.) ; R.mnbird .•/_i,'r;V. 1S19 303. cd.
1849. Ess. She's waitin' for yer, roun' the corner, bor, Downe
Ballads {18951 lo ; Ess.'
[OE. brir (in gebilr). wh. forms the second element in
neighbour (OE. n'ahbFir). Cp. Ilolstcin biiiir, •chinals
Nachbar" (Jdiotikon] 193.]
BORAL, sb. Sc. Also written bcrale, borell, borrell
(Jam.), [borl.]
1. An instrument for boring; cf breast-bore.
Per. vG.W. >, Etlb. ( W.G. , Rxb. (.1am, )
2. Conip, (I) Boral-hole, a liole made by a wimble ;
(2) -tree, the handle of a wimble.
(i) Slk. His breist was like ane heck of hay; His gobe ane
round and boral hole, Hocc Hunt of Eildon, 321 (^Jam.). (2)
Rxb. (i'4.)
[Borrels for wrights the groce, iii /., MS. fi6ii) (Jam.) ;
Ane knyf andc ane borrel, Conipl. Scut. 115-19) 11. Bore,
vb. -f -(7, as in shovel.]
BORD, sb. and v. Sc.
1. sb. A broad hem or welt.
Sc. (.Iam.), n.Sc. i^W.G.)
2. The border or edge of a Woman's cap ; a band sewn
to the front part of the cap.
Sc. Her mutch is like the driven snaw, Wi bord of braw fine
poarlin, Douglas /'ucfHs (^1806) 145 ,Jam.\ n.Sc. (^W.G.), Fer.
i.G.W.)
3. IK To furnish with an edge of border.
n.Sc. She bordit her mutch vvil ace (W.G.).
fFr. bord, the welt, hem, or selvedge of a garment
(COTGR.).]
BORD, see Board, Bode.
BORDEL, sb. Sc. A brothel. Also in conip. Bordel-
house.
Sc. The fouk 'ill think 'at's gacn by, We keep a bordel house,
Beatties Ai;V;;.i^5 (i8oi') 27. Fif. Let us at the bawd o' Rome.
Her bordcl-house maun down be plucket, Tennant Papistry {i&s-j)
21. Hdg. (Jam.)
[Sum fra the bordcll wald nocht byd. Dundar 'c. 1510^
vy
BORDER
[346]
BORN
ed. Small, II. 204. OF. borciel. Bordeau, a brothel or
bawdj'-house (Cotgr.).]
BORDER(S, sb. Sc. Nhb.
1. The boundary between Eng. and Sc. ; the district
adjoining the boundary on both sides.
Ayr. We'll over the border and gie them a brush, Burns Cock
up your Beaver. Nhb.^
2. Coiiip. Border-watch, the regular patrol formerly
kept to raise the alarm or 'scry' in case of inroad Nhb.'
[1. Gude rewie is banist our the Bordour, Du.nbar
(c. 1510) Poems, ed. Small, II. 227.]
BORDER, V. and sb. e.An.
1. V. To use coarse language, to vituperate. e.An.'^
Cf balder.
2. sb. Coarse, obscene language.
e.An. 2 Give us none of your border.
BORDERED, ppl. adj. Yks. Fenced, confined.
n.Yks. Still used (^T.S.). e.Yks. Some close bordered place,
Best Rur. Econ. (1641) no.
BORDERING, sb. Dev.* Alyssum maritiimim, and
other plants used for borders. Cf. edging.
BORDY-GRASS, sb. Nrf. Suf. Grass growing on the
borders of a field.
Nrf. Master say as bow I may cut that there bordy-grass for my
dickey W.R.E.). Suf. Commonly used here (C.G B.").
BORE, 5A.' Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also
written boir, bor (Jam.).
1. A crevice, chink, a hole.
Sc. I have been fain to draw my sword-belt three bores tighter,
Scott Leg. Motit. (1830) iii ; Frae ilkae bore o' the cradle. The red
blood out sprang. Jamieson Pop. Ballads (1806) I. 178. Abd.
Theywinna miss ahole or bore, Shikrefs Poems (179O) 347; He
staps wi' strac ilk navus bore, Beatties Paniigs (1803) 24, ed.
1873. Kcd. Helter-skelter gush'd the spate Through ilka hole an'
bore. Grant Lays (1884) 7. Ayr. Thro' ilka bore the beams were
glancing, Burns Tarn o' Shatiier (1790') st. 10.
2. An opening or break in the clouds. Also usedyTg-.
Sc. It was the first blue bore that did appear in our cloudy sk}',
B.Mi.LiE Lett. (.1775) I. 171 (Jam.). nw.Abd. The mist's gyaan
aff the Tap o' Noth, An' there's some bores o' blue, Goodwife
(1867) St. 46.
3. In phr. ( i) to take in or up a bore, to reform, turn over
a new leaf; (2) to ivick a bore, in curling or cricket: to
drive a stone or ball through an opening between two
guards or fielders.
(i) Rnf. (Jam.) (2" Sc. s.v. Wick (/A.). Ayr. He was the King
o' a' the Core, To guard, or draw, or wick a bore, Burns Taut
Samson (1787) St. 5.
4. An iron mould in which nails are manufactured.
Stf.2 Shr. Bound Prov. (1876) ; Shr.2
5. Cotitp. (i) Bore-hole, a hole bored in the ground with
iron rods to prove the nature of the strata; (2) -iron, an
instrument for boring holes ; (3) -man, one who swings
the heavy hammer at an anvil ; (4) -passer, a gimlet ;
(5) -rod, an iron rod used for ascertaining the nature of
strata before sinking a pit ; (6) -shore, a hurdle-stake-
(i) Nhb., Dur. About three inches diameter for a borehole is
sufficient, Co»;/>/ra/ Co//(C/- (1708) 3. (2) Bnfr. (W.G.) (3) Elg. A
smiddy boreman though ye be. Tester Poems (1865' 120. (4)
Shr.i (5, Nhb.l The rods are screwed together in lengths, the
end piece faced with a cutting chisel. Nhb., Dur. We have two
labourers at a time at the handle of the bore rod, Conipltat
Co/tier {i 108) 2; Greenwell Coal Tr. Gl. {18491. (5) Wll. Si.ow
Gl. (1892) ; Wll.' Boreshore is a kind of hurdle stake which can
be used in soft ground without an iron pitching bar being
required to bore the hole first for it.
BORE, si.* Wor. Glo. Som. The tidal wave in some
rivers, esp. the Severn and Parrett.
s.Wor.' Also called Flood's-head. Glo. fA.B.) ; Baylis Illiis.
Dull. (1870,. Sora. W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; Jennings Dial. tv.Eiig.
(,1869).
[Prob. the same word as ME. hare, a wave, billow. Se-
bare betes on schip-bord, Mctr. Horn. (c. 1325), in Spec.
E. E. 11. go. ON. biira, a wave.]
BORE, V. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Stf. Also
Som,_ Colon. Written boor Nhb.' [bo3(r).]
1. To pierce, make a hole, penetrate. Also used /iff.
Sc. Women that hac been doing nacthing a' the livelong day,
but . . . boring at a clout, Scott Bli. Dwarf (1816) iii. Nhb.'
Nhb., Dur. Greenwell Coal Tr. Gl. (1849^ Cum. Her een they
bwor'd a body through, Gilpin Sags. 1^1866) 337. Yks. Their
ears were not right bored [were untuneable], N. & Q. (1854)
ist S. X. 210. w.Yks. The sun bores fS.O.A.).
Hence (i) Borer, sb. one whose business it is to ascertain
the nature of strata by boring; (2) Boring-box, sb. a
wooden box at the top of a hole, a little larger than the
hole, which serves to direct the rods in boring ; (3)
Boring-gear, sb. the tools used in boring by hand.
Nhb., Dur. Nicholson Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
2. Phr. (1) to bore one's eyes out, to tire the eyes, as by
overmuch reading; (2) to get bored for the sturdy, used in
expressing contempt for another man's brains.
(I) St'.* (2) Nhb.' Gan away an get boored for the sturdy.
The * sturdy ' is a disease in sheep which affects the head.
3. Of a horse : to rush straight on with the head down
and the bit between his teeth.
w.Som.' [Ans.. N.S.'W. I couldn't stop the brute; she was
boi'ing like a wild bull, Boldrewood Robbcrv 1888) I. x.]
Hence Borer, sb. a horse that rushes straight on with
head down. w.Som.'
4. To swagger about.
Lan. If 3'on isno' James o* Joe's borin about in a suit o' clooas
made out of a green bed-quilt, Brierley H'averlow (1863) 98, ed.
1884. [Not known to our correspondents.]
[3. A horse is said to boar or bore when he shoots out
his nose as high as he can, Bailey (1755).]
BOREEN, si. Irel. In form bohereen'Wxf.' [borrn.]
A narrow lane, a byroad ; a passage.
Ir. The win' I heard . . . keenin' up the boreen behind the house,
Barlow Idylls {1892) 264 ; There was not a dirty boreen that he
had not walked that night, 'i'EATS Flk-Tales (1888I 22 ; He hasn't
sense enough to drive a pig down a boreen (G. I\I.H.) ; Parallel
with the muddy boreen, Carleton Fardorongtia [ 1836'; 236. Uls.
Uls/er Jrn. Arcli. (1858) VI. 41. w.Ir. They presently reached
a narrow track, or ' bohereen,' which led between two lines of
loosely-piled w.ills. Lawless Graiiia 11892') I. igo. Wxf.' Tip.
They made a bohrecn for him up the hall [through the crowd],
Hall /)•<•/. (1841) II. 75.
[Ir. bolharin, a narrow lane, dim. of bothar, a street, lane
(O'Reilly).]
BORERIGHT, see Foreright, 'Voreright.
BORE'S EARS, sb. pi. n.Sc. (Jam.) Also written
boar's ears. The auricula, Primula auricula. See Bear's
ears.
BORE-TREE, see Bour-tree.
BORGE, V. Not.3 To boast. See Barge, v}
BORIER, sb. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written
boryer Cor.'*; borer Cor. [boria(r).]
1. An auger.
Dor. A^. & Q. (1883") 6th S. vii. 366. w.Som.i Plaiz tu lai-n
Taumus u dree-kwaurtur boa-ree-ur [please to lend Thomas
a three-quarter (inch) auger]. nw.Dev.'
2. An iron bar with a wedge-shaped end used for boring
holes in granite.
Cor. Jem was a miner and a decent lad. Could be.-it a borer, or
could drive a gad, Tregellas Tales ( 1B60) 43, ed. 1865 ; Cor.'*
[Bore, vh. + -er. For the dial, forms in -ier, -ycr, cp.
saivyer, bowyer, laivyer.']
BORIS NORIS, adj. Dor. Also written borus-snorus.
Happj'-go-lucky, careless, reckless.
Dor. I like the hearty borus-snorus ways of the new pa'son.
Hardy Greeinud. Tree (1872;! I. 147 ; Barnes Gl. 1,1863); Dor.'
BORKY, see Balky.
BORM, see Barm.
BORN, pp. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also
Colon. Used attrib. in comb, (i) Born call, good reason ;
(2) — devil, a downright rogue; (3) — fool, an innate fool,
clumsy person; (4) — head, («) a young, precocious fellow;
(b) a term of derision applied to a very foolish person ;
(5)— mad, furious; (6) — truth, simple, unvarnished truth.
( i) [Aus. I have got no ' born call ' to be sensitive, Praed
Romame of Slatioii 1 1890) I. vii.] (2) Sc. There's a set of born
deevils in Lunnon, Wilson Tales Border (1836) II. 275. (3^ Nhb.',
e.Yks 1, n.Lin.', Oxf.' MS. add. Brks.' A must be a born vool to
do like tluat ther. w.Soiu.' (4 a, b) Ayr. (J.F.) (5) Cld. (Jam.)
BORN
[347]
BORROW
(6) S.I1-. Book sworn lo tell nothin' but the born tlirulh, Lover
Leg. (1848) II. 475.
BORN, see Burn.
BORN DAYS, plir. In gen. dial, and colloq. use in Sc.
Ircl. and Eng. Lifetime.
Kcd. A' my born days I never Never heard the like o' that.
Grant Lays (1884) 44. Ir. I never seen silch white in my born
days, Lover Leg. (1848) L 213. N.I.' Lns. In all my born days
... I never laid eyes on such a load of victuals, Croker Leg.
(1862) 244. s.Wxf. He axed them in as naybonrly as if he knew
Ihcm all the born days of his life, Shaniivck Mag. (1894) 314.
Nhb.', Dur.', Cum.', Wm.' n.Yks. Ah've kenned a good few i'
mah born daas, MuNBY Kosfi (1865) 56 ; n.Yks.^, e Yk?.' w.Yks.
Aw niver did see sich a caution . . . i' all my born days, Hartley
Clock .-ilni. 1874') 36 ; w.Yks.', e.Lan.', Chs.'^, De.-.^, uw.Der.'
n.Lin.' I wish I'd noht else to do but to smooke bacca like that
o" thine all my born daays. Nhp.', War.'^ Oxf.' s. v. In.
Brks.' I never zin zuch doins in all my born daa3's. Suf. ' M.E. R, •,
Ken. [P.M.~i, w.Som.' Dev. I niver did zee sich a huck-muck
place in awl my born days, Hewett L'eas. Sfi. (1892) ; Dev.' I'd
ne'er the heart to hurt thee nor any kindest thing in all my born
days, 21.
BORNE, V. Lan. Also written toyrn Lan.' To wasii,
rinse ; to ' swill.'
Lan. Come, boyurn thi face un win go, Colm.ns Poems (18591
53 ; Great big clods wurn bein' wesht' deaun th' sides o"th road.
. . . They'd bin boyrnt eawt o' th' sides o' Ih' baukin, Brierley
Tote (1854) 99; Lan.' I'rc primely boyrnt, on os weet as ewer
eh could sye, Tim Bobbin IVks. (ed. 1750) 49. Whatever arto
doin areawt [outside] sich a day as this? What, its enough to
borne th' buttons off thi clooas, Waugh Owd Blanket 11867; iii.
e.Lan.' Always followed by 'out.' s.Lan. Bamford Dial. (1850).
BORNEO, V. Irel. 'Wor. Glo. Sun Sus. Som. Past
tense and pp. of to bear.
Ir. It's only nathral for me t'look afther the mother that horned
an' rared mc. Blackdurne S/on'cs, n. w.Wor. I warn't . . . horned
isterday, S. Beauciiamp Graiillry ^1874) I. 76. Glo. I was horned
there, and lived there twenty-five years, Gissing Both of this Parish
(1889) I. 213. Sur. A family Bible had the children's births
entered as ' Thomas was horned,' &c., N. ^^ O. (1885) 6th S. xi.
175. Sus.l I was horned at the cottage just beyond the pay-
gate (s. V. Native). Som. In tha plaice vvher I wer born'd,
• Agrikler' Rhymes (1872I 14.
Hence Borned, ppl. adj. born.
w.Wor. I baynt such a borned fool as that, S. Beauchamp
Grantley (1874) I. 76.
\Born (' nattis ') -f-ff/, pp. suff. of wk. vbs.]
BORNEDO'WN, ppl. adj. Sc. Depressed in mind,
body, or in external circumstances.
Sc. (Jam.) n.Sc. He's a schr borne-down man wi the death o's
aulest sin [son] (W.G.). Per. Commonly used ^G.W.).
BORN-GULLY, s6. Nhb. A clumsy, inefficient work-
man.
Nhb.'This expression is really ' burn-gully.' Formerly country
blacksmiths were the principal makers of edge-tools, such as axes,
knives, gullies, &c., and many of them attained to great proficiency
in the art of tempering steel. Others, again, not proficient in
their attempts at the business, burnt the temper out of the steel,
and were called in derision ' Burn-gullies." In course of time the
phr. extended to inefiicient workmen in other trades.
[Duni, vb. -^^ gully (a knife), q. v.]
BORN-HEAD, adv. Sc. Straight forward, in an im-
petuous manner.
Slk. Ye may be carrying him bom-head to his honour just now,
Hogg Perils of Man (1822* I. 242 (Jam.).
BORNING, vbl. sb. War. Amer. [b^'nin.] Birth.
War. We've no deaths to speak on. but we've a deal o' bornings,
N. & Q. (1885) 6th S. xi. 46; Well known (W.S.B.). [Amer.
Borning Ground, the country of one's birth. Farmer.)
[A very anom. formation. Born, pp.-f-iwg' (OE.
-uitg)A
BORNS, sb. pi. Sus. ' Born days,' lifetime.
Sus. I never sce'd De loike in all my horns, Lower Tom
Cladpole (1831) St. 85 ; Sus.' I never did see such tedious poor
ground in all my horns is. v. Out-de-way).
BOROUGH, 5i. Sc. Also written borrow (Jam.). In
coinp. (1) Borough-flag, the ensign bearing the arms of
the borough ; (2) — 's-town, a borough or town.
(i) Fif. He saw . . . Their borough-flags that flar'd and flap't,
'Ve.-K:i\ST Papisliy{\62-] 76. (2)Sc.The brawest beau in borrows-
town, Ramsay Tea-Table Misc. (1724) I. 87, ed. 1871 ; 1 ken the
tricks of you burrows town merchants, man, Scott Aj'jc/ 1822 v.
Abd. See what's deein i' the borrow's town, Giiiiltian Inglisiiiaill
(1873) 28. Frf. The lassie was bred in a braw boro igh-town,
I.AING Il'nyside Firs. (1846 114. Ayr. The bclhcrel of some
ancient borough's town, Galt Legatees (1820 26 'Jam.).
BOROUGHMAN, sb. Lon. An inhabitant of South-
wark.
Lon. A Wappineer, a Mile-ender, and a Boroughman arc
terms proverbially used, about the Exchange and Fenchurch St,
to express an inferior order of beings, Horne O.'la Podrida (1820)
I. 135.
BOROUGHMONGER, sb. Sc. [Not known to our
correspondents.] A slang name for a rabbit.
Slk. Fourteen fuds ! Aucht maukins and sax buroughmongcrs I
CiiR. North Nodes (ed. 1856) IV. 151.
[This is a punning use of lit. E. bnroughntonger, the
political term, with play upon the word burrow (a rabbit-
hole).]
BORRAL, sb. Sc. Nhb. The elder-tree, Sambucus
nigra. See Bour-tree.
Sc. (Jam.) Sik. Round the auld borral tree, Hocc Broivnie of
Bodsbeck, x. Nhb.'
BORRAN, sb. Cum. Win. Lan. [boTan.] A cairn,
a heap of loose stones. Cf. burian.
Cum. Hoo he tally-ho't a fox . . . oot ov a borran a steanns,
Dickinson Lamfilugh (1856) 6; Cum.' Wm. T'fox gat inta a
borran o' steans J.M.); Wm.' Piled up masses of broken rock,
and also the remains of ancient buildings when completely thrown
down, are so called. Lan.', n.Lan. I W S.\ n.Lan.'
[A borwcn, ciiiniilus, Levins Maiiip. (1570).]
BORRBUT, si. n.Yks. The Whitby name for the
viviparous fish called the Blenny, Zoarais vivipants. Cf.
bolbut. (T.S.)
[Boir (or bol), of doubtful origin, but cp. Intl in biilcard,
e\.v.-{ but, doubtless the same as lit. E. bull, the name of
various kinds offish ; found also in hahbiil.]
BORREL, sb. Lan. [Not known to our correspon-
dents.] A heap or quantity. Cf. bcrran.
c.Lan.' A borrel o' stai3'aiis.
BORREL, adj. Sc. Rough, rude, clownish.
Sc. Things fitter for them to judge of than a borrel man like mc,
Scott Redg. (1824^ Lett, xi ; I ken I'm but a poor, ignorant, borrel
man, Whitehead Z)rt// /Jnri'i- (1876 1 159, ed. 1894.
[A bigg fcllowe and borrell, Of the colledge of Oricll,
MS. Poems, 17th cent. (Nares); How be I am but rude
and borrell, Spenser Sh. Kal. (1579) Julyc, 96 ; But,
sires, by-cause I am a burcl man, . . . Have me excused
of my rude speche, Chaucer C. T. f. 716. The phr. a
borel man, a plain man, is gen. conn. w. ME. borel or biirel,
a coarse cloth of a brown colour. OF. Zi;/;(/(mod. bureau};
see Hatzfeld.]
BORRID, see Boarward.
BORRILL, sb. ne.Yks.' m.Yks.' Also written berril
m.Yks.' [boTil, ba'ril.] The common gadfly.
[Prob. a der. of bore (to pierce). See Boral, sb.]
BORRO, see Barrow.
BORROW, sb. and -j.' Sc. Nhb. [bora.]
1. sb. .\ pledge ; a surety.
Sc. Made prisoners, ransomed them, or concussed them into
giving borrows to enter into captivity again, Scoit ll^'averley ,1814)
XV, Nhb. His faithful borrowc I will be, Richardson Bordenr's
Table-bk. 118461 VI. 45.
2. Anything borrowed.
Bnff. That's nac ma ain ; it's a borrow. A common saying is, ' A
borrow sudd gyang lauchin hame ' vW.G.).
3. V. To be surety for, to ensure ; to give security to, to
ransom.
Sc. But yet her strength it fails at length, Nae beilding can she
borrow, Ramsay Tea-Table Misc. (1724) I. 190, ed. 1871 ; I'll gie
a' the lands I hae, Bonnie Jean, to borrow thee. Laird of IVar-
ristotin, Mackay (1888).
4. To borroiu one, to urge one to drink. Ags. (Jam.)
[1. Ech of hem had leyd his feith to borwe, Chaucer
C. T. A. 1622 ; Sommc of hir trewe freendes ... to been
hir borwcs, ib. b. 2998. 2. I'll adventure The borrow of a
Y y a
BORROW
348]
BOSK
week, SiiAKS. IFiii/. T. i. ii. 39. 3. The saulis ar borrowit
and to the bhss can go, Chryst with his blud our ransonis
dois indoce, Dunbar (c. 1513) Poems, ed. Small, II. 156.
OE. borh (borff-), a pledge, a surety ; borgiaii, to give
security for, to borrow.]
BORROW,!'.* Yks. To withdraw the timber supports
of the roof of a mine when all the coal has been ' won.'
w.Yks. (J.P.)
Hence Borrowing, vbl. sb. w.Yks. (D.T.)
BORROWED, ppl. adj. Nhb. Yks. Chs. Lin. In pbr.
(i) BoiTOK'cd days, (a) the last three days of March (old
style) : (b) the first eleven days of May ; (c) see — tiiiie ;
(21 — yire, a light obtained from a neiglibour; (3) — time,
the time a person lives after the age of 70.
(I, a N.Cy.' Nhb. • The popular notion is that they were borrowed
by March from April with a view to the destruction of a parcel of
unoffending young sheep — a purpose, however, in which March
was not successful, (b) Chs.' The beginning of Maj' is often very
cold, and one frequently hears it accounted for by thesa3'ing, 'Well,
you see, w-e"re only i' th' borrow-ed da3-s yet,' implying that it is
not really the month of Maj-. (c'l Yks. ' I'se livin on borrowed davs,'
said by a man of 8r, N. tr O. (1854) ist S. x. sir. (2) Nhb.l To
request a light on the morning of the New Year is held as a most
portentous omen. Several will not even allow a borrowed fire to
proceed from their dwellings, Richardson Botdcrcr's Table bk.
(1846 11.288. 1,3) n.Lin. A man who lives on borrowed time lives on
trespass-ground. Ay, all mine is borrowed time, noo (M.P.).
[(i, a) So is it usual amongst us ... to ascribe unto
March certain borrowed days from April, Brow.ne Vulg.
Errors (ed. 1669) bk.vi. iv. See Borrowing days (below).]
BORROWING, ppl. adj. Sc. Irel. n.Cy. Rut. In phr.
(i) BoiToiviiig days, the last three days of March (old
style) ; (2) — ivcalhcr, the first few days of April.
,1) Sc. The bairns' rime saj-s, the vvarst blast of the borrowing
days couldna kill the three silly poor hog-lambs, Scott Midhlhiau
(1818) xxviii; The warst blast comes on the borrowing days,
SwAiNSON Il'ent/ier F/k-Lorc ii8-i3 65. Don. F/t-Loie Jrii. (1885)
III. 278. n.Cy. Henderson Flk-Lore (J879) ii ; N.Cy.' (2) Rut.
' It's borrowing weather.' This expression was used one April,
when we were experiencing some very cold March-like weather
(T.K.B.N.).
[In the Statist. Acct. of Scotland (1791) I. 57, Parish of
Kirkmichael, the minister, mentioning an old man of the
age of 103 years, says : ' His account of himself is, that
he was born in the Borrowing Daj's of the year that King
William came in,' Brand Pop. Ant. (1795), ed. 1849, II. 42;
The borial blastis of the thre borouing dais of marche,
Conipl. Scot. (1549 1 38. Cf. borro-ived days.}
BORSE, see Buss.
EORSEND, see Burst.
BORSHOLDER, sb. Ken. Also in form bosholder;
bostler Ken.'
1. A petty constable, superseded since the introduction
of modern police.
Ken. Still well known to most middle-aged people (P.M.") ; 1794,
April 4. p'' Masf Else as pr Bill due when he was Bosholder [«r],
3s. 6ci., Flncklcy Overseers' Ace. ; Ken.' I reckon, when you move
you'll want nine men and a bostler, shaan't ye ? Ken.*
2. A wooden mace.
Ken. An ancient wooden mace of 'dumb boss'lder' is still kept
in the vestry of the parish church of Wateringbury, near Maid-
stone, N. & Q. (1884) 6th S. X. 446; Ken.' At "Great Chart they
had a curious custom of electing a dumb borsholder. This is still
in existence, and is made of wood, about three feet and half an
inch long ; with an iron ring at the top, and four rings at the sides,
by means of which it was held and propelled when used for break-
ing open the doors of houses supposed to contain stolen goods ;
Ken.2
[The anticnt headboroughs, tithing-men, and bors-
holders, were made use of to serve as petty constables,
Blackstone Co;«»/. (1768) I. 356; Borowhowlders alias
Bursholdcrs (Lamb, in the duties of Constables), Cowell
Interp. (ed. 1637). OE. barges caldor, the chief of a
'borrow,' a tithing or frank-pledge. For OE. borh see
Borrow, sb.]
BORST, 71. Chs.* Past tense of /oi»;-5/.
BORSTAL, sb. Suf. Ken. Sur. Sus. Wil. Also in
form b.stal Suf. Ken.' Sus.'* [b3&tl, bo stl.] A path-
way up a steep hill. Also used aitrib.
Suf. Grose (,1790); Bailey (1721); iP.R.) Ken. Now only
used in conjunction with the name of a particular place (P.M.) ;
Ken. '2 Sur. (H.W.) ; It'll be a bostall road with you an' me,
unless there's give on one side and take on the other, Baring-
Gould Broom-Squire (1896:1 96. Sus. Something in appearance
betwixt a bridle-path and a timber-track, such as is known in those
parts by the old English name, a borstall, Blackmoue Aliee Lor-
raine (1875) ^'-^ ; I^AY (1691) ; Coles (1677); Sus.'^ Wil. He
knew every . . . borstall and farmhouse on the Down, Kennard
Diogenes (1893" ix.
[Borstal, near Rochester, owes its name evidently to
its situation at the foot of the 'borstal' leading up to the
downs. Its OE. name v^'as Borh stcall; see Earle's
Charters (Glossary).]
BORSTEN, i;. Chs.*^ pp. oUo burst ; rapiMveA.
Hence Borsten, ppl. adj.
Chs. Thah gurt borsten cawf, Clough B. Brcsskiftle 1879) 3.
[The dragoun is borstun (diruptus est), Wvclif (1382)
Dan. xiv. 26. OE. borsten, pp. of bcrstan, to burst.]
BORT, sb. Der.* nw.Der.' A band, a thick cord with
which to tie up hay.
[Prob. the same word as bought, the bend of a rope. A
bought plica, Levins Manip. (1570). See Bougiit, sb}\
BORYER, see Borier.
BOS, see Buss.
BOSEN, see Boosing.
BOSEY, adj. and 51!;. e.Som. Also written bozey,
boazy. Used of coarse, long hay, growing under the
shade of trees, or of hay dried so rapidly that it cannot
be pressed together.
e.Som. I bcant gvvain to give 'c much for that long bozey stuff
(GS."; SwEETMAN IVitieaitton Gl. (1885).
BOSGIN, see Boskin, Buskin.
BOSH, sb.''- e.An. [boj.] In phr. to cut a bosh, to
make a fine figure, to make a swaggering appearance.
e.An.' Nrf. Grose (1790J ; N. & Q. (1882) 6th S. v. 38 ; Nrf.'
[Laughing at everybody . . . that does not cut as bold
a bosh as they do, Amherst Tcrrae Fil. (1726) xlvi. 245
(N.E.D.). Steele uses bosli (vb.) in the sense of 'to cut
a dash ' : When to the plain garb of gown and band a
spark adds an inconsistent long wig, we do not say now
' he boshes,' but ' there goes a smart fellow,' Taller (1709)
No. 71.]
BOSH, si.* Shr.' [boJ.] The front part of the head
of a bull or boar. See Bash, sb.^
BOSH, sA.3 Nhb. Yks. Stf. [boJ.]
1. The bottom of the furnace where iron ore is melted,
the part that slopes to the hearth.
Nhb. Ncwcaslle ll'kly. Cliroii. Siippl. (Dec. 24, 1887) 3. Stf.
(K.); Stf.l
2. A metallurgist's cooling-trough.
Nhb. Neweaslle IVkly. Clnon. Stippl. (Dec. 24, 1887^)3. w.Yks.*
BOSHY-MAN, sb. Cor. A fop, a conceited fellow.
See Bosh, s6.'
•w.Cor. O, once I had a shiner. And a boshy man was he,
Thomas Raiidigal Rhymes {i8g^) 25. Cor.'
BOSIE, sb. Sc. [bo zi.] The bosom.
Sc. An' lat them deck thy virgin bosie, Allan Litis (1874) 118.
Abd. I'm truly blest whan prest a while To its leal bosie, Still
Cottar's Sunday ( 1845) 144. Rnf. .Some cuddlin' 1' their raithers'
bosie, Young Pictures (1865) 171. Lnk. Shut ycr e'en again.
Cuddle in a bosie, Thomson Leddy il/rjy (1883) 117. Lth. Then
dinna mc tak Frae that t)osie awa', Ballantine Foetus (1856) 77.
BOSK, ii. and i;. Sc. Yks. Chs. [bosk.]
1. sb. An underwood thicket, a bush, esp. a small bush
of thorn or brier stuck in the fields to prevent poaching.
Cf. busk, sb.
Yks. I'fo. IVIily. Post (Aug. ir, 1883"! 6. Chs.'
Hence Bosky, adj. bushy, shady, wooded.
Sc. The screen drawn in front of the bosky stage, Scott St.
Ronan (1824) xx ; Or doon in the bosky glades, Allan Lilts
(1874) 364 ; Awa alane I'll wander, By bosky banks and dells,
Ballads 1,1885'). Abd. This nicht ye'll cross the bosky glen, Thom
Rlyiiies (1844) 100. Gall. She went to hide in some bosky bouroch,
Crockett Moss-Hags (1895) i. w.Yks.', Clis.'^
BOS KILL
[349]
BOSS
2. V. To place bushes in newly mown meadows to
prevent poachers from drawing nets over them.
Chs.' Bosking tlic fields.
[1. Vndcrboske shal men weder abide, Quo}) Hcndyng,
Piov. Ileitdyiig (c. 1300), in Spec. E. E. II. 40 ; And every
bosky bourn, Milton Covins (1634) 31a.]
BOSKILL, sb. Rxb. (Jam.) An opening in tiic middle
of a stack of corn made by pieces of wood fastened at tiic
top. Sec Boss, sb*
BOSKIN, sb. Yks. Lan. Clis. Stf. Der. Written
bosking Chs.^; also in form bosgin Chs.' Stf.'' Der.'^
nw.Dcr."^ [bo'skin, bozgin.]
1. That part of a'shippon'or cow-house which separates
tlie animals from eacli other.
w.Yks.2,Lan.',e.Lan.i Ch5. C'/is. A'. .S- Q. (1882) No. 695, I. 224;
Chs.i3, stf.=, Der.2, nw.Der.l
2. Comp. (i) Bosgin-rail, part of the framework of a
bosgin ; (2) -stump, a strong oak post set firmly in the
ground, into which the rails are mortised.
Chs.i The bosgin stump is sometimes carried up to the roof,
which not only makes it firmer, but acts as a support to the roof.
\Boose (sb.), q.v. + -/•/;/, dim. suff.]
BOSKY, adj. Sc. Lin. Nhp. e.An. Sus. Hmp. I.W.
Dev. Cor. Slang. Also written busky Dev. [bo'sjci-]
The worse for drink ; stupid with intoxication or
repletion.
Lth (Jam.'), Lin.l, Nhp.', e.An.i, Nrf.V Suf. (F.H.), Suf.>, Sus.2,
Hmp.', I.W.i Dev. Grose 1 1790) 7I/S. orfrf. (C.) ; Bill How comcd
'omc bosky last night an' brawked awl tha clome 'pon dresser,
Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892) 55. n.Dev. Why, buoy, art bosky, or
scoochy-pawed? RocKy<i;i oh' AV//(i867) st. 19. Dev.' You must
tell every living soul that I was bosky and vall'd into the mud-pool,
must ye dem? 13. Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 423. Slang.
Farmer.
Hence Bosky-eyed, adj. intoxicated.
Dev. Shudden winder if e idden bosky-eyed avore night, 'e 'th
adued nort but guzzle awl day, Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892) 85 ; I'm
baggared ef 'e idden busky-eyed again, an"e tuked tha pledge only
last week, ib.
[Bosky, half or quite fuddled, Bailey (1755).]
BOSOM, sb. Nhb. e.An. Hmp. Som. [bozam, buzsm.]
1. The bag of a fishing-net in which the fish are gen.
caught.
Nhb.i The net is so constructed as to belly-out in mid-water when
being hauled in. Hmp. The salmon-nets on the Avon are made
wider in the centre than at the sides for obvious reasons (H.C.M.B.).
2. The join in a grain of wheat.
e.An.i If you put some wheat into water the bosom will open.
3. Weavingterm: the division made between the threads
of the warp through which the shuttle has to pass.
w.Som.i It is important to keep u aivm buuz-um [an even
bosom], that is, to have tlie rows of threads quite even in line,
otherwise the shuttle strikes them in passing, and is either diverted
from its course or the threads are broken. An old weaver's advice
is : ' Always keep your eye pon the bosom.'
BOSOM, V. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Der. Also written
bossom Wm.' [bo'zam, bo'ssm.]
1. To eddy, to whirl.
w.Yks. The smoke coming down the chimney into the room, or
the wind swirling through a narrow passage, are said to bosom
(B.K.); w.Yks.' T'wind bosoms. ne.Lan.' Der. Cot-nli. Mag.
(.865) XII. 39.
2. Comp. Bosom-wind, an eddying or whirling wind.
Cum.' Wm.' Thccars alias a bossom wind e that nceak.
[The same as bosom, sb. The word means to form a
bosom, to belly, as a sail in the wind. Thai . . . halit wp
)>are salis hie That bowsummit with \iq wyndis blast,
Barbour Troy-book (c. 1375) II. 1699 (N.E.D.).]
BOSS, sb} Var. dial. uses. Also written bass w.Wor.'
1. A protuberance of iron in the top part of the spindle
in which the ' brandarts' were placed ; any swelling on a
piece of iron.
w.Yks. (J.T.) ; Shr.i
2. The nave of a wheel.
w.Yks. J. T.); w.Yks.2, Not.2
3. A bunch or tuft of grass, ribbon, &c. ; a rosette, a tassel.
se.Wor.', Glo.'
4. The palm or hollow of the hand.
w.Wor.' ' 'E's cut 'isself right across the bass o' the 'and with a
rip-puk,' or rippook [reaping-hook].
5. A large round stone or iron ball, used in marble
playing.
NUp.2 I o bowl with a boss.
6. A fat, lazy woman.
Lan.' Hoo's a great idle boss. Look at her childer, they'n tell
thi what hoo is.
Hence Bosser, adj. Of persons: exceedingly stout;
buxom.
Not.' A fine bussen wench.
[6. A fat boss, femme blen grasse et grosse, unc Coche,
Sherwood; Disdainful Turkess and unrcvercnd boss!
Marlowe i Tambiirlaiiie (1587) iii. iii, ed. Cunningham,
16. Fr. basse, a bunch ; a knob, knot, or knur in a tree ;
3 bosse or imbossing in workmanship (Cotcr.).]
BOSS, sb.^ Oxf e.An. [bos.] A hod for mortar,
carried on the shoulder by masons.
Oxf. (K.), e.An.l, Nrf.l
[CUfoire, a plaisterers tray or boss, Cotgr.]
BOSS, sb.^ Wxf. Cum. [bos.]
1. A hassock. See Bass, s6.' 4,
Wxf. The front is occupied with stools or straw bosses, Kennedy
Banks Boro (1867') 185.
2. A milkmaid's cushion for the head. Cum.'
[1. Round which they sat on their haunches upon bosses
of straw, Swift Gulliver (1727) bk. iv. ii.]
BOSS, s6.* Lth. Nhb. [bos.] A frame of wood on a
staddlc ; see also quot.
Lth. Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863V Lth., Nhb. The hollow frame
ef wood of hexagonal pyramid shape,. !,'o/. eight or ten feet high,
composed of as many separate spars rising up into the centre of
the stack for the admission of air to prevent the grain from getting
heated. This, with the crossbars of wood on which it rests to
keep the stacks off the ground, is called the boss (J.M.).
Hence Bossins, sb. apertures left in ricks for the
admission of air to preserve the grain from being heated
(Jam.).
BOSS, w.' and sb.^ Brks. Suf. and in gen. dial, or slang
use.
L V. To miss an aim, to make a mistake.
Brks. He had six shies at the cocoa-nuts, and he bossed every
time (;W.H.E.\ Suf. (C.G.B.)
Hence Bosser, sb. one who misses an aim, or makes
a mistake. Brks. (W.H.E.)
2. sb. A mistake.
Brks. He then tried to jump the ditch to the big stone, but in
his hurry he made a boss and fell into the water I, W.H.E.).
3. Comp. Boss-shot, an aim which misses the mark, an
unsuccessful venture.
Suf. A bad shot with a stone is called a boss-shot (C.G.B. ).
BOSS, v.'^ Wor. Hrf. [bos.] To take the heads off"
clover early, so that the second grown heads may produce
seed.
Wor. Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863''.
Hence Bosser, sb. a machine used to extract clover-
seed. Hrf.'
BOSS, J/.3 Chs. Not. Lei. Sus. [bos.] To bang, throw,
or put down with violence ; to punish a boy by seizing
him by the legs and arms and banginghimagainst a wall ;
also intrans. to sit down violently.
s.Not. He bossed against me. They caught hold of him and
bossed him against the wall. He bossed the basket of eggs down
on the ground. You'll break the chair, bossing down like that
(J.P.K. . Not.', Lei.', Sus.'
Hence (i) Boss, sb. a heav^' fall or blow ; (2) Bossing,
vbl. sb. the punisliment described above.
(i) s.Chs." D.i.iyn cy kiim sich- u bos [Dain hey come sich a boss].
Not. I tumbled down such a boss. We ran into one another such
aboss iJ.P.K.\ (2^, Lei.'
BOSS, adj. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Also written bose Sc. Ir. ;
boase Sc. ; and in form boassed, best Uls. [bos, bos.]
Hollow ; emptj' ; alsoyf^.
Sc. A goose is nae good meat, A hen is boss within. Herd Coll.
Siigs. (1776) H. 204; An' no like boss houk'd gutless hills i'
Lowden, A. Scott Pociiis (ed. 1808) 34; As for James More, the
BOSS
[350]
BOTANY BAY
man's as boss as a drum, Stevenson Calriona (1895) xxix ; A boss
sound. Of one emaciated by some internal disease it is said ' He s
a' boss within.' A shell without a kernel is said to be boss, and he
is said to be ' nae boss man' who has a considerable share of under-
standing CJam ). Abd. For he's nae boss, six score o' lambs this
year, Ross Hehnore (1768) 149. Fif. A State Kirk maks boss
Christians, Robertson Pivvost 11894) 128. Ayr. He broke a
stone . . . and in the heart of it (which was boss) there was found
a living creature, Galt ^«h. Parish {,1821) x. Lnk. He saw, he
gloomed, and shook his thick boss head, Ramsay Pof/iis (ed. 1800)
I. 285 (Jam.) ; Let misers hoard their dross, bonnie lassie, O,
Their pleasure's unco boss, bonnie lassie, O, Thomson Leddy May
(1883) 154; Ye're eating by ordinar'. Ye canna be boss noo,
Fraser Wliaups (1895) x. N.I.i The goose is a bonny bird if it
was not bose. Uls. Boassed is used ^f«. of potatoes that are rotten
atthecorelM,B.-S.). Ant. Brt//v(««"a 06s. ( 1892). N.Cy.i, Nhb."
Hence Bossness, sb. hollowness. Sc. (Jam.)
[The bois cavis sowndit and maid a dyn, Douglas
Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, 11. 70.]
BOSS, see Bass, Buss.
BOSSACK, sb. w.Wor.' A footstool. Cf. bassock.
BOSSELL, sb. Hrt. Hmp. VVil. Also written bozzell
Wil.' ; bozzle Hmp.' ; boswell Hrt. [bozl.] The corn
marigold, C/iiysanf/ieinitin segctniii. Cf. bczzom, buddle.
Hrt. Ellis Mod. Hiisb. (i75q)"1I. 18. Hmp.i Wil. Davis Agyic.
(1813-) ; Wil.i
[Bosscll prob. repr. boss, sb.' + -«'/, the flower being so
called from the soft ball in the middle ; see Gerarde (ed.
(1633) 743-]
BOSSEN, pp. Stf. Wor. Shr. [bo'san.] Full to re-
pletion, to bursting. See Best, i;.'
w.Wor.i ''E stuffed 'isselftill 1 thowt 'e'd abossen.' Sometimes
'to go bossen' is used. ' Dunna pug that owd strap so tight, ar 'e'U
go bossen.' Shr.' I conna tak' no more, Missis, I'm welly bos'ii.
Hence Bossen, v. to burst.
Stf. I'll jump on j-er and bossen yer (W. H.).
[Bossen rcpr. an obs. burs/en (bors/cn), pp. o^ burst (vb.).]
BOSS-EYED, adj. In gcii. dial, use in s. and niidl.
counties, [bo's-aid.]
1. Having a squint, cross-eyed, having the eyes unequal
or dissimilar ; one-eyed.
s.Not. iJ.P.K.),War.3,w.Wor.i,Oxf.M/S. «(/rf., Brks.CW.H.E.),
Suf. (F.H.) Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.' Hmp., Wil. Said of a girl whose
eye had been half-closed by a blow, ' She docs look frightful.
She's quite boss-eyed' (W.H.E.). Cor.^ Slang. Farmer.
Hence Boss-eye, sb. a person having an obliquity
of vision.
Brks., Hmp., Wil. (W.H.E.) Slang. Farmer.
2. Fig. Of things : crooked, one-sided ; of little use,
unreliable.
Brks., Hmp., Wil. The horse shied and we ran up against the
gate-post, and knocked the step of the cart all boss-eyed (W.H.E.).
BOSSIE, see Bassie.
BOSSOCK, If. Yks. Lin. e An. [bo-sak.]
1. To toss and tumble, to throw into an irregular heap,
to huddle.
e.An.', Nrf.i Suf. He bossocked down his tools and walked off
(F.H.).
2. To bask in the heat of sun or fire.
n.Yks. (T.S.) Lin. The cat is lying bossocking before the fire
(I.W.).
BOSSOCK, sec Buzzock.
BOSSY-CALF, see Bussa-calf.
BOST, V.' Chs. Stf. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf Glo. Dev.
[best.] Prrt. bosted, pp. bost, bosten, bested.
1. To burst. Often used as a mild imprecation.
Chs. You been like Smithwick, either clemed or bossten, Rav
Pi-ov. ^1678) 193, ed. i860. Stf. To see him ate yo'd think he'd
bost, PiNNOCK Black Cy. Aim. (1895) ; Stf.^ Bost ja ! wei konar
J3 giv uar hvin mei alun. Oiv ctn Sat mutS til oim well bostid.
War.3 Yo mo'ant leave nothin' on yo're plant [plate] — its bad
manners. Yo' must cat till yo' bost fust. I Heard at the annual
dinner of the parish ringers.] w.Wor.' That thahr culvert 'as
hosted up. se.Wor.' Bost this door, 'e wunt open. Shr.' I doubt
we sha'n 'ave to bost that door open. Bost that chap, w'y couldna-d
'e a ler that lather w'eer I put it ? Hrf.^ Glo. ' Bost thy kearcass,'
I zays to un, Buckman Darke's Sojourn (1890) xiv ; Glo.' No, I'm
bost if 1 do.
Hence Bosted, ppl. adj. used as an intensitive.
s.Wor.' They bosted woOnts [moles]. Glo. (A.B.)
2. To break.
n.Dev. Tha vvoulst bost any keendest theng, Exm. Scold. (1746)
1.50-
3. To hurry. Also with prep, off, to start off, to begin.
w.Wor. They bosted, and jump-ed, an' llcwd, is, em did,S. Beau-
champ A''. Hamilton 11875) II. 289.
BOST, V? Sh.L [Coll. L.L.B.) To scold, to speak
roughly.
[Quhat wenys thou so to effray and bost me 1 Douglas
Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, in. 348.J
BOSTHOON, sb. Irel. [bostiin.] A big, awkward
fellow ; a witless, senseless, tactless fellow.
Ir. Sure only for this, I say, you bosthoon . . . where 'ud the
purty colleen be? Carleton TraiVsPras. (1843) I. 348; He reasoned
with himself that he must have been a great little-good for, and
a blamed ould handless bosthoon, Barlov,' Idylls (,1892) 52;
(G.M.H.) w.Ir. The other bosthoon was roarin' from niornin' till
night, Lover Leg. (1848) II. 542. Wxf. Annoj'ed by the impudent
look the bosthoon gave us, Kennedy Evenings (1869) 37.
[Ir. bastiht, a poltroon (O'Donovan).]
BOSTLE, see Borstal.
BOSTLER, see Borsholder.
BOSTOCK ORANGE, s6. Chs.' A kind of apple.
BOS'WELL, sb. Lan. Not. Lin. Also written bossill,
tozzell, bozzill n.Lin.' ; bosl Not.* [bozl.] A gypsy.
Not.^ Lin. Wliy, if there isn't some o' them bozzel cliaps a
nippin' up our rabbits. Peacock R. Skirlaugli (1870) I. 113. n.Lin.'
(Aug. 21, 1848) Pursuing some Bossills to put them out of Carr, 35.,
Ely ton, Constable's bill.
Hence (i) Boswellgang, sb. a gypsy track ; hence fg.
a maze, a perplexity ; (2) Bozzelling, vbl. sb. living on
commons and in lanes after the manner of gypsies.
(i) Lan. Some of the folk as went thro' a' the boswellgang on't
theirselves, Ellis Pronimc. (1889) V. 357. (2) n.Lin.'
[The vi'ord is said to be from the name of Charles
Bosvile or Boswell, a Yorkshire gentleman, who estab-
lished a sort of sovereignty among the gypsies, who,
before the enclosures, used to frequent the moors about
Rossington. He died in 1709; see Hunter Soitt/i Yorks.
1.68.]
BOX, si." Usually in pi. Lan. Chs. Der. Nhp. War.
Cor. Also written buts Cor.'* [bot.] A parasitical
worm or maggot ; an intestinal worm, esp. the larva
inhabiting the digestive organs of the horse ; the larva of
the gadfly under the skin of cattle ; a grub of any kind.
See Bats.
Lan.1, Chs.', nw.Der.' Nhp.' A common term with gardeners
for all underground grubs ; many of which feed on vegetables by
night, and bury themselves by day, such as the lar\'ae of the cock-
chafer, and the great red underwing. War. (J.RW.); War.^,
Cor.i2 [Grose 1,1790) MS. add. (M.l]
[The bottes, vetminatio. Morbus pracserlim iiimciitonim
quum toniiinibus affxciuntur, Baret (1580) ; The bottes is
an yll dysease, and they lye in a horse mawe . . . and
stycke faste in the mawe-syde, Fitzherbert Husb. (1534)
70.]
BOT, sb? Obs.? Yks. A bungler, a jobber. See
Botch, sb.^
w.Yks. Watson Hist. Hl/x: (1775) 534 ; w.Yks."
BOT, sb.^ Obsol. Yks. Also written botte. An iron
implement used for marking sheep.
ne.'yks.' e.Yks. The manner is to give lambes a tarre marke
before they goe to the field, and our usuall way is to give them
only the botte on the farre buttocke, and sometimes to run the
edge of the botte downe the neareliske, Best /?«>•. £f0H. (1641) 12.
BOT, see Bat.
BOTANY, sb. Yks. [bo'tni.] Knitting wool.
w.Yks. Shoo wor abaht t'shap ov a ball o' botany, Cudwortii
Sketches (1884') 13; An old expression probably in use before
Botany Tops were known, and when Botany was only known as
a fingering wool (J.F.).
[Short for Botany wool, orig. wool from Botany Bay,
but applied to all Australian wool.]
BOTANY BAY, sb. Lin. Cor. 1. In phr. (i) to send
to Botany Bay, to transport no matter where ; (2) he's gone
BOTBEETLE
[351]
BOTHER
lo Bulii'y Daay and lliaire he iiiaay slaay, reply given to
a question as to tlie wlicrcabouts of another when one
docs not wish to give the true answer. n.Lin.' 2. The
plant hydrangea. Cor.'^
BOTBEETLE, sb. Hrf.* A large wooden hammer
used for beating up clods.
BOTCH, V. and sb} In geit. dial. use. [bo'tj.]
1. I'. To patch ; to mend clumsily. Cf. bodge.
Wra.^ I'll botch up t'brokkcn cartgcar ta morn. n.Yks.2 m.Yks.*
Can you manage to botdi my boots to-morrow ? w.Yks. He wor
a famous fella for botcliin' an' tinUcrin' abalit machines, Sniiiitnrr'x
Satchel (1877"! 35 ; w.Yks. ^3 Lan. He'd un ow'd pere o' whirlers
on, aw botch'd hop wi' white wollen yorn, Paul Bouuin Sequel
(1819I8; Davies /?«•« (1856) 277. Stf.2, Shr.'
Hence (i) Botcher, sb. a cobbler, a mender of clothes ;
(2) Botching, vhl. sb. patching; (3) Botchment, sb. an
ugly patch, or addition to anything.
(,1) Uls. Uhtcrjni. Arch. (1853 1862). w.Yks.^ [Hone Table-
hk. II. 717.] (2) n.Cy. The tailors, too, that botching dew, Dixon
Sngs. Eng. Peas. (1846) 174. (3) n.Lin.' ' That thciiic becldin'
looks a queer botchment aside th' chcch-steaple.' This was said
of a temporary workshop, which was used by the masons when
Bottcsford Church was restored.
2. To do a thing badly, to spoil.
w.Yks.* Ken. Vu've botched it now. you numskul (\V. D.P.^.
Slang. The mushroom-faker's work is often done adroitly, and as
often bunglingly, or, in the trade term, ' botched,' Mayiiew Loud.
Laboiiy {i&6i)\\. 115.
Hence (1) Botched, ppl. adj. spoiled ; (2) Botcher, sb.
a bungler.
( 1 1 Abd. Haein' to dee wi' itherfowk's botch't wark, Ale.xander
Johnny Gibb 1 1871) xv. (2) Nr.''.'
3. sb. A piece of spoilt work, a clumsy job.
Cuni.* Thou hez meadd a botch on't now. e.Yks. He makes a
botch ov iv\'ery thing he diz, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889) 54. w.Yks.
Lceels Merc. Siippl. (V>ec. 27, 1890 1. Stf.2
4. A bungler, a clumsy workman.
n.Yks.' He's nobbut an aud botch. He's mair lahk t'mar an
t'mend : n.Yks.^ e.Yks.' Jack's a reg'lar botch, MS. add. (T.H.)
m.Yks.' Applied familiarlj' to a cobbler. w.Yks. Banks Wkjld.
Wda. 1,1865'). [A botch or botcher is a man who cannot make a fair
good job or turn out work with any credit either to hnnself or to his
employer, and who therefore undersells good woikmen, C/. Lab.
C'894)-l
[1. I botche or patche an olde garment ... I have
botched my hosen at the heles, Palsgr. (1530) ; Eche
feble thingus thei bocchyn, Wvclif (1382) 2 C/iroii.
xxxiv. 10. (i) Botchare of olde thinges, rcsarlor. Prompt.,
cd. Pynson (1499). (3) Botchemcnt, addilaiiiciiltdii, ib.
2. To botche or bungyll a garment as he dothc that is nat
a perfyte workcman, Palscr. (1530). 3. Learne of me
what woman is ... A mere botch, IIerrick PIcsp. (^1648)
I. 104.]
BOTCH, sb."^ Yks. fbot/.] A breaking-out on the
skin ; a sore; an inflamed tumour.
n.Yks.2 e.Yks. Nicholson /•//C-5A I B89~l 54. w.Yks. (J.R.R.)
[The Lord will smite thee with the botch of Egypt,
Bible Dent, xxviii. 27 ; Catullus clcped a consul of R_me,
that highte Nonius, postuni or boch, Chaucer Boethius.
bk. HI. iv. Yr. dial. (Picard) bochc; OFr. boce, inflamed
ulcer (La Curne) ; Fr. basse, a wen, botch, bile (Cotgr.) ;
It. bdzza, any pock, blain, botch, bile, or plague sore
(Florid).]
BOTCH, sb.^ Sus. A thump.
Sus. Phil Soc. Trfl/i^. ( 1 858 1 149; Hoi.ioway.
BOTCHER, aZi. Hrf. Glo. A salmon-trout ; a second-
year salmon.
Hi f. Salmon-fry or salmon spinksare here known as 'last springs.'
. . Last springs having made a voyage to sea, return ' botchers' in
the following summer, Marshall Review 1181B) II. 301. Glo.'
[All migratory fish of the genus salmon, whether known by the
names hereinafter mentioned, that is to say, s.almon, . . . girling,
grilse, botcher, bluecock, ... or by any other local name, Slal.
24 ic 25 Vic. ! 1861) c. 109. § 4.]
BOTCHER, see Botciiet.
BOTCHET, sb. Cum. Yks. Also in form botcher
Cum.' [botjit ] A kind of fermented drink made from
the last drainings or washings of the honeycomb ; used
also as a slang term for ale. See Bragget.
n.Cy. IIoLLowAV. Cum.' Sweet as botcher. n.Yks.'^^ ne.Yks.'
In rare use. e.Yks. Maushall /f»r. £roH. (1788 . m.Yks.' w.Yks.
An' a rare jolly chap he is wen heze had ta mitch botchit, as he calls
all t'drink he gets i' that hoose, Kiddeidi/l O/iii. ,1873) Apr. Aoles.
BOTCHY, adj. and sb. Win. Stout, out of proportion ;
also as sb. a short, stout man.
Wm. His lal botchy legs they fair shog again when he tries
to run (B.K) ; Wm.'
BOTE, pirt. and pp. Lan. [bot.] Bit, bitten. Cf.
bate, v.*
Lan. Hoo'd nevvur bote sin breykfust toime. Ormerod Pel/ey
fro Rnchdc (18511 vi ; ' That's just reel,' as Finder said, when his
wife bote hur tung i' two, Waugh Sketches (1855) 26; Lan.' Mi
feythcr lookt eawt into th' sthreet. An' bote his lip, bo never
spoke, Ramsdottom Rhymes 18641 73. e.Lan '
[For wraththe he bot his lippes, P. Plowman (a.) v. 67 ;
His vn-cely swyn f'at . . . bote f>e best of his brachcj t'e
bakkej in sunder, Gaivayiie (c. 1360) 1563. OE. bat,
pret. oi bitaii, to bite.]
BOTE, sb. Obs. Sc. n.Yks. Also written bute. Help,
advantage, bounty, compensation. Cf boot, sb.
Sc. Herd Coll. Sngs. [iTib) C,l.\ (Jam.) n.Yks.2 Hence Cart-
bote, Fire-bote, H.iys bote, Hedge bote, House-bote, I'lough bote ;
wood allowed in former times by the estate owner to his tenants,
for making carts, for fuel, for boundaries or fences, building pur-
poses, for the construction of ploughs, &c.
[Bote or boote signifies help, succour, aide and advan-
tage, and is commonly joyned with other words, as
bridg-boot.bufsih-boot, fire-boot, hcdg-boot,:mA divers others,
Blount (1670); Bote signifies compensation or satisfac-
tion, as maii-bole, theft-bote, Skzkz (1641)24: To vencust
folkis is a confort and bute, Douglas Eiieados (1513), ed.
1874, II, 89. OE. bot, compensation,]
BOTH, adf. Var. dial, uses in Irel. and Eng.
1. The both, both, the two.
Myo. Here is the both of them, sure enough, Stoker Snake's
Pnss (1891) i. Dev. (F.H.) Cor. They'm a matter o' six foot high,
the both — an' risin' forty, 'Q.' Troy Touit 1888 iii.
2. In phr. (i) io//; 0/ ;'/, both of them ; (2) both of the two,
the couple of them ; (3) none of 'em both, neither of them.
(i) Dor., Som. Will you have some lettuce or onions, or both of
it? (.W.B.T,) (2) n Yks.2 Beeath o' t'tvveea. (3) Ken.^
[1. It turnes bot tille [c bothc, Brunne C/;;o«. (1330)
269. 2. (2) Cp. ME. bathe two. And harlotrye they
tolden bothc two, Chaucer C.T. a. 3184.]
BOTHAM, sb.^ Cor. Also written bothan, A tumour,
arising from a blow with a stick upon any part of the body.
Cor. Grose 1,1790) MS. add. [C.) ; Cur.'^
BOTHAM, sb.^ Also written bothem Cor.'*; bothen
Hmp.' (i) Chrysanthrmtim segeliiin, corn marigold (limp.'
Dor.); (2) pyre/hrimi pcirtheniiim. feverfew (Cor.'^).
BOTHER, sb. Yks. Lan. Also written bodder n.Yks.
[boS3(r),] Nonsense.
n.Yks, Sum mcltedy er ranter bodder, Castillo Pormi (1878)
42. Lan. It's varia likely what thou's tellin' ma is o" bolher,
' Eavesdropper ' I'i/l. Life { 1869I 61.
BOTHER, V. Sc. Irel. Yks. Lan. Nhp. Ess. Dev. Cor.
[bo'Sair).]
1. To deafen, to stun, to perplex with noisy and incessant
chatter, to confuse.
Ayr. The auld guidnien, about the grace, Frae side to side they
bother, Burns Holy Fair (1785) st. 24. w.Yks.* Lan. Davies
Races (18561 227. Nhp.' You bother me so with your chattering,
that I don't know what I'm about. s.Cy. Hollowav. Sus.*,
Dev.' Cor. Grose (17901 MS. add. (P,)
Hence (i I Bother, .•./». noise, disagreeable loquacitj' ; (2)
Bothered, ppl. adj. deaf; (3) Bothering, ppl. adj. noisy ;
(4) Bothering, vb'l. sb. a noise, a scolding.
1,1) Nhp.' Hold your bother. (2) Ir. I'm a bit bothered on both
sides of my head, Carleton Traits Peas. (1843^, I. 308 ; Clergyman :
What is the meaning of ' He that hath ears to hear, &c.' ? — School-
boy : It manes any person could hear it unless he was bothered !
(P.W.J.) s.Ir. He only turned the bothered ear to the sound cf
his mother's voice, Croker Faiiy Leg. (1862) 221. (3) NIip.
Keep off the bothering bustle of the wind, Clare Village Mm.
(,1821) 1. 122; Nhp.' They made such a bothering.
BOTHERATION
[352]
BOTTLE
2. To lull, to deaden.
s.Lns. Maybe if you'd take a drop it would boddher the sorra,
M'Call Fcitiait Nights in Shamrock Mag. (Mar. 17, 1893 1 424.
3. In phr. (i) to be bothered, a disguised form of swearing,
used to give emphasis to an assertion ; in gen. slang use ;
(2) to be bothered to a statue (?).
(i) Ess. He'll best yer, too, I'm bothered if he 'ont, Downe
Ballads ,1895) 31. Sur.i I think we shall get some more snow,
bothered if I don't. (2) Dev. An' bothered to a stake, my boys,
There's nothin' else got half sitch joys, PoLMAN Sieic/ies (1853) 33.
[Not known to our correspondents.]
BOTHERATION, sb. In gen. dial. use. Confusion,
noise, trouble. Also used interjectively as an expletive.
Rnf. There's rowth o' steer and botheration, Young Pictures
(1865) 170. Kcb. He jerkit oot, ' Wife, botheration ! ' Armstrong
Musings (1890) 217. Ir. I've heard tell there does be ivery
manner of botheration sometimes, Barlow Idylls (1892") 24.
n.Lin.l Botheraation ! what a truble you are, bairn. Nlip."^ What
a botheration you are making. Wil. Lar massy, wot a bothera-
tion Thame kickin' up ael droo tha naysh'un, Slow Rhymes
(1889) 8t.
Hence Botherationed, //>. worried.
Ir. If she's torminted wid anythin', ... or botlierationed wid
folks risin arg^-fyments, Barlow Idylls (^1892) 197.
BOTHEREDNESS, sb. Cum. [Not known to our
other correspondents.] A state of worry.
Cum. One can well imagine the delicacy and botheredness
of bairns under speaning (E.W.P.\
BOTHERMENT, sZ». Cum. Wm. Yks. Som. Dev. Also
written bodderment Cum. Wm.^ [bo'tSament, -msntj
Trouble, difticulty, perplexity.
Cum. A heap eh balderdash an bodderment, Sargisson Joe
Scon/>(i88i) 171 ; Cum.3 7'///c. Bobby Banks' Bodderment, 17. Wm.'
I want nin c' thi bodderment. n.Yks.i Folks sez there's boun
t'be a bit iv a botherment about thae inlaks ; n.Yks.^ e.Yks.
Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889) 4 ; e.Yks.', m.Yks.' w.Som.l A very
common word. "VVe've a-had a sight o' bau'dhurmunt way thick
job. Dev. iFT.E.)
BOTHERSOME, adj. Ircl. Cum. Yks. Lin. Also
written bothersum e.Yks.'; boddersomCum. [bo cSasam.]
Troublesome, bewildering, embarrassing.
Ant. (W.H.P.), Cum. (E.W.P.) n.Yks. This work's bother-
some (I.W.); n.Yks.2, e.Yks.' n.Lin.' I'm scar'd we shall find
th' flees very bothersum to year, noo ther's hardly ony swalla's
to catch 'em.
BOTHERUM, sb. Chs. Dor. Also written botherem
Dor. (i) Corn-marigold, Clirysantlieinuin segetiiin (see
Buddie) ; (2) Ivy-leaved speedwell, Veronica hedenfolia.
(i Dor. (W.F.-; (C.W.J; Dor.' (2) Chs.'
BOTHERY, see Bourtree.
BOTHIE, sb. Sc. Also written bathie (Jam.) ; bothy.
[bo?ii.]
1. A hut or shed where agricultural labourers and hinds
are lodged.
Sc. The wretched huts or bothies where he would be con-
demned to pass the night, Scott Leg. Mont. (1830") viii ; There
with the road underneath, and in sight of coaches and steamers . . .
Sends up a volume of smoke the Bothie of Toper-na-fuosich,
Clough /JoMif ; 1848) ; iUorton Cycle. Agric. (1863). Kcd. For
i' the house he didna lie, But in a bothie i' the yard, Burness
Carron Ha' c. 18231 345. Frf. There were times when the
showmen made a tour of the bothies, where they , , . gave their poor
performances to audiences that were not critical, Barhie Licht
(ed. 1893) 47. Per. Letting his house and living in the bothie,
Ian Maclaren Brier Bush ,1895') 175. Gall. Go to the bothies of
the bachelor foresters, Crockett Moss Hags (1895) xxxiv.
2. Comp. (i) Bothieman, a hind; (2) -woman, the
woman who takes charge of the bothie.
d") Per. I Iam.) (2) n.Sc. 1 W.G.)
BOTHOM, sb. Sc. Irel. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der.
Also written botham w.Yks.^'Chs.'^ Stf; bothum w.Yks.^
e.Lan.' Der.' : bottham w.Yks. Dial. pron. of bottom, q.v.
BOTHRESH, sb. I.W.' The squalling thrush, ' bull-
thrush,' q.v.
BOTS, sb. Obsol. Suf. A proud woman.
Suf. F.Il. ; Somctimcshcard.butnotcommonlyknown C.G.B.).
BOTTERY, sec Pour-tree.
BOTTHEEN, sb. Irel. A short stick.
CrI., 'Wxf. A botheen in my fist I'll hold To bate the dogs and
ganders bold, Aoituns (1894) 74.
[Ir. batin, dim. oi bat, a stick, staff (O'Reilly).]
BOTTLE, sA.' and v.^ Var. dial, usages in Sc. and Eng.
Also written bwuttle se.Wor.'
1. sb. A small keg or cask used by labourers for carrying
cider or beer.
Nhp. And hand the stout hooped bottle round the ring, Clare
Sliep. Calendar (1827") 72 ; Nlip.', War. 3, s.Wor. (F.W.M.W.)
se.Wor.' A bwuttle, holding from two to four quarts (sometimes
larger). It is usually painted blue or lead colour. Shr.' Tell
Bill to tak' the 'ackney mar' an' start off 56th them two bottles
an' bayte-bags to the turmit fallow. Hrf.'^ Glo. iA.B."i; Glo.'
n.Wil. Messengers come here for cans of beer, and carry out also to
the field wooden ' bottles ' — small barrels holdin,g a gallon or tv,-o,
Jefferies Wild Life (1879) '42- 'Wil.^ Som. "W. & J. CI. (1873).
2. The contents of a bottle of medicine.
Fif. It's my heart, the Doctor sa3-s. He gae me a bottle,
Robertson Provost {i&g^) 173. Ayr. He gets his draps at
eleven, his bottle at twa, his draps again at four, and then ot
course his poother at bed-time. Service Dr. Duguid (1887) 123.
GalL A 'bottle' in this sense is quite common, whether for internal
or external use, to describe its unknown and mysterious contents
(A.W.). e.Dur.'
3. The dug of a cow. e. An.', Nrf.'
4. A lump formed under the throat of sheep. War.^
5. Comb, (i) Bottle-bird, an apple rolled up and baked
in a crust; (2) -bottoms, the dregs of a bottle of ale;
(3) -crony, a boon companion; (41 -fly, a bluebottle ; (5)
-jack, a bottle-shaped machine working by clockwork
and used to turn meat in roasting ; (6) -jug, the bottle-tit.
Pants caudatiis; (7) -of-all-sorts, the plant Pubnonaria
ojfici)ialis; (81 -of-sorts, the plant Ceiitaiirea cyaniis; (9)
■ore, the seaweed, Fiiciis uodosus; (10) -rack, a wooden
frame in which empty bottles are kept; (11) -screw, a cork-
screw; (12) — Tom, the Long-tailed Tit, Pants caitdaltis.
(i) e.An.' So called from its fancied resemblance to birds
nestling in those bottle-shaped receptacles, placed for that
purpose under the eaves of some old buildings. Nrf.' (2, w.Yks.
fJ.T.) (3^ Fif. His bottle-cronies' faces, . . . Glister't on ilk side
like a rawO'hairst-moons down the table, Tenn ant /'(7/*/i/;_;>' 1827)
24. (4) n.Lin.' (5 1 w.Yks. Thay tangd an bate me noaze wal it
wor az big az a bottle-jack, To.-vi Treddlehoyle Bairmla Aim.
(1856) 41; (J.T.) ti.Lin.', -War.a (61 Lei.' (7) Cum.' 18)
w.Yks. Lees Flora (i888j 283. (9" Sc.I. The gross Bottle-ore,
which has hollow nobs, or pustules, in it, is reckoned to make the
best kelp [B. Sc H.). (10) n.Lin.' (11) Dor. (A C.) (12) e.An.'
Nrf. Cozens-Hardy Broad Nrf. (1893) 43. [Swainson Birds
(,1885131.]
6. V. To rear by aid of a bottle.
n.Lin.' Used with regard to lambs, and sometimes, though
rarely, to foals.
7. To pelt with bottles.
Lan. They wur ready welly to do owt at each other, fro'
' bottlin ' to murder, Staton B. Shuttle, 12.
[1. OF. bote/ (pi. boteaii.x), a barrel (La Curne).]
BOTTLE, s4.2 In gen. dial, use in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also written battle Lnk. N.I.'; bottil w.Yks.' A bundle
of hay, straw, or sticks ; a gleaner's burden.
Slg. Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863). Lnk. Born in a garret, un-
heedit, unfed, Wi' a battle o' strae ma only bed, Thomson Ltddy
^/«y(i883) 102. e.Lth. Grippit me in his arms like a bottle o'
strae, Fraser n-7/nH/>s (1895) XV. N.I.', Nhb.' w.Yks.' A bottle
is a bundle wisped up ; a batten abound bundle. ne.Yks.', e.Yks.'
m. Yks.' An old-fashioned portion, enough to bed a horse up to its
knees. w.Yks.' A girt clunterlee felloe wee a bottil of beesoms
teed on his back, ii. 356; w.Yks.-^^ Chs.'^, Der.' Not. I first let
the twigging to the besom makers at so much per bottle, Marshall
yjcMfo/ (1814) IV. 161 ; (W.H.S.;; Not.', n.Lin.' sw.Lin.' He's
cuttcn a score of bottles of pea-rods. Lei.' Nhp."^ Applied in
some parts of the county to a gleaner's burden. War. Wise
Shakcspere (1861) 150. Shr.' I axed the Maister to let me 'iive
a bit of 'ay ; 'c said 'e darna sell, but 'c'd gie me a bottle, as the
cowwus nigh cauvin. Bdf. The quantity a man carries on a fork
over his shoulder, when he fodders the cattle (J.W.B.) ; Batche-
LOR Anal. Eng. Laitg. 118091. Hnt. (T.P.F.) e.An.' Barley bottles
were little bundles of barley in the straw, given to farm hors :s.
Nrf.' Suf. Raindird Agn'c. {i8ig, 289, ed. 1849. w.Som.' Only
BOTTLE
[353]
BOTTOM
used in the common saying : Miid su \vuul look vur u neeel een u
bau'tl u stroa [one may as well search for a needle in a bottle of
straw].
Hence Bottle, v. Of hay : to make into a bundle.
So. iJam.') Yks. You ni.ny bottle it [the hay pulled out of
a stack by shcop] up and carry it, and put it in one of the stand-
heckes, Best Kiir. Ecoii. (1641) 74.
[To look for a needle in a bottle of hay, Clarke
Pliras. Ptier. (1655) ; Ask you for the hosteller, he is
above in the haye lofte makynge botelles, /'/ esl la hanlt cii
la giaitche (hi foyii la on il bulelle, Palsgk. (1530) 620 ; He
shal telle a tale.'by my fey ! Al-though it be nat worth a
botcl hey, Chalxer C. T. h. 14 ; Dotclcr, to bottle, to make
into bottles or bundles, Cotgr. Anglo-Norman hold,
' bottc de foin' (Moisy) ; Fr. boleaii, a bottle, as of hay
(COTGR.).]
BOTTLE, sb.^ Obs. n.Cy. A house, a dwelling.
n.Cy. Grose (1790^ MS. add. (U.) Nhb. (IC.) ; Nhb.' Only in
place-names : Bottle Bank, Walbottle, &c.
[Son summ jie lafi'dij Marje comm Till Zacarijess bottle,
Omiiiliiin (c. 1220) 2788. OE. bo/l. To jiKra sacerda
ealdres botle, Cosp. Malt. xxvi. 3. (The same as the
'bottle' in place-names, Bottle-Claydon, Harbottle, New-
bottle.)]
BOTTLE, sb.* and v.'^ Som. [bo-tl, bo'dl.]
1. sb. A bubble, bladder ; a blister.
Som. W. & J. Gl. 1^1873). w.Som.' Dhu skecn oa un wuz au'I
oa-Nur bau'diz, jis dhu vuur'ce sae'umz au'f ee-d u-ae'ud u
blus'turau-n [his skin was all over bladders, just as if he had been
blistered].
2. V. To form bubbles or bladders ; to blister.
Som. \V. (& J. G/. (1873 . w.Som.i Aew dhu paa'ynt-su bautld !
[hnw tiic paint is blistered].
BOTTLE, v.^ Stf. [bo-tl.] To beat in a transaction
or argument ; to puzzle.
Stf.^ Wei ?at kiln botlz mei ; oi konar meik jed nar til on it.
BOTTLE-BRUSH, si. Applied to several plants: (i)
Hif>(iiiiis vulgaris, mare's tail (w.Yks.^ Hmp.^) ; (2) Equi-
seliim anviisr (Sur.') ; (3) E. sylvalicum (Sc. Nhb. Dun) ;
(4) Spergiila arvensis Iw.Yks.^).
BOTTLE-BUMP, si. Yks. e.An. The bittern. See
Butter-bump.
Yks. SwAiNsoN /JiVrfi- (1885) 146. e.An.' Nrf. Cozens-Hardy
Broad K>f. (1893)51; Nrf.'
BOTTLE-NOSE, sb. Sc. Lin. e.An.
1. The common porpoise.
n.Lin.', e.An.', Nrf.i
2. A species of whale, ' ca'ing whale.'
Or.I. (Jam.) S. & Ork.' Dmb. A species of whales called Bottle-
noses have sometimes run aground during the tide of ebb, Rotu
Dmb. Statist. Ace. (Jam.)
BOTTLE-TIT, sb. Yks. Not. Lin. Nhp. War. Wor.
Shr. Hrf e.An. Ken. Hmp. Wil. Also in form botty-tit
Suf [botl-tit] The long-tailed tit, Pains catida/iis.
w.Yks. Swainson Birds 1,1885) 31, 32. Not.^, n.Lin.' Nhp.'
While the bottle-tit hangs At the end of a twig, Clare MS. Foeiiis.
War.a -w.Wor. Berroiv's Jnt. (Mar. 3, 1888). Shr.', Hrf.2,
Nrf.' Suf. Nall Gl. Ken. Siieiue Gossi/i (1882I 65. Hmp. de
Crespigny New Forest (1895) 113. n.Wil. HuUucky ! 'e got
a bottle-tit's ncast (E.H.G.). Wil.'
BOTTLING-BOOT, sb. Mid. A leather case to hold
a bottle while it is being corked.
Mid. Inventory of Household Goods, Staines (1801), A'. & Q.
(1894) 8th S. vi. 329.
BOTTOM, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also Colon. Also written bottim Ilrf.^; botham w.Yks.^
Chs." Stf; botton n.Yks.' ne.Yks.' w.Yks.; boddom
Cum.' n.Yks. e.Yks.'; boddam Cum. Dev. ; boddum
S. & Ork.' ne.Yks.' w.Yks.' ; bodd'm Dev. ; bodm Wm.' ;
bothuni w.Yks.^ [bo4ani, botSsm, bo'dam.]
L The lowest part of a valley; a guily, ravine; low-
lying land subject to inundation. Ereq. in pi.
s.Dou. Simmons Gl. (1890). s.Wxf. Maybe, they've strayed
down the bottoms, Fein'aii Nights in Slianirock Mag. (Feb. 17,
1894) 329. Nhb. Valleys smiling, bottoms pleasing, Richardson
Borderer's Table bk. (1846) VII. 10. Cum.' Wm.' ' Tbodm o'
Westmerland' is a phr. for the comparatively level portion of the
VOL. I.
county. n.Yks.' The township of Greenhowe, a part of which,
significantly called Grccnhowe-Bottom, is a narrow secluded vale,
so deeply intrenched with mountains tliat here in the depth of
winter the sun never shines. Graves Hist. Clevel. 254. ne.Yks.'
e.Yks. The descent to the shore through these 'bottoms' is in
most cases very abrupt, Gaskell Sylvia (1863) I. iv ; e.Yks.'
w.Yks. We'll lock up, an' go see thy cousin Joe at Ecclcshill
botliam, Cudworth Sketches (1B84) 120 ; w.Yks.* Chs.' ; Chs.^
Mappin Woodcock oo'l be i' Ih' Bothams. n.Lin.' Squire boht
them beck-bottoms uncommon dear. Hrf.* Them be hard dogs,
them down in Combe's Moor bottims. Glo. The deep vallies
where the clothiers chiefly inhabit, as Chalford Bottom, Stroud
Bottom, &c., Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.) ; Glo.'* Brks.' Moor
likely 'e'll vind a haayre on the brow 'an in the bottom. Bck.
Thurley Bottom near Great Marlow, A', ir- Q. (1853) ist S.
vii. 608. Ken. Margate Bottom, Hollins Bottom (D.W.L.). Sur.
Two places to which the word is applied, viz. Smilham Bottom and
Boxhill Bottom, N. & Q. (1853) ist S. vii. 51. Sus. Down dat
'ere bottom, Lower 5//av/.fotr.s (1862' 92 ; Sus.' Hmp. Hammer
Bottom, Dangley Bottom (W.M.E.F.) ; Hmp.' n.Wil.The houses
are in the hollows, t!ie *coombes' or -bottoms' as they are
called, where the springs run, Jefferies Wild Life (18791 2a.
WiL' Dor. They don't sell milk to [at] Creech Bottom 'J.B.P.).
Som. 'An' dru th' boddam var an' near, Pulhan Sketches (i&^z) 55,
ed. 1853 ; There's a girt deep bottom goes down so deep as
the tower, Ei.lis Proniinc. (1889I V. 151. n.Dev. Down they went
into the black bottom, Chanter Witch (1896) 6. e.Dev. Ai went
deun ta th' nit-gird'n ta leuke at th' freute in th' bodd'm, Pulman
Sng. Sol. (i860) vi. II. Cor.' =
2. The floor of a mine; old stream-works.
Nhb.' A fathom boring in the thill or bottom under the coal you
would work, J. C. Coniplent Collier (1708) 14. Cor.* When the
deepest parts of a mine are freed by a pumping engine from the
accumulated water, miners say ' The bottoms are in fork.'
[N.S.W. Gus and his party were soon down to the bottom - that
is, the alluvial drift, the sand and water-worn pebbles, the gravel
and debris of the long dead, deeply buried stream, Boldrewood
Miner (1890) I. v.]
3. Coarse iron ore ; rubble left by tin streamers in their
workings.
Stf., Cor. At Walsall and Rushal they divide their iron ore into
several sorts of w''' the two uppermost measures, as they call
them, are black-bothum and gray-bothum, w"'' are so mean an ore
that they are seldom made use of vK.). Cor.* MS. add.
4. Coiiip. Bottom-stone, the sixth parting in the iron-
stone. Stf
5. A board, gen. of narrow dimensions, but the full
breadth of the tree it was sawn from. Nhb.'
6. A small quantity of wine or spirit in a tumbler ready
to have water added to it. Common at all inns.
s.Lan. Talbot MS. Gl. \ 1846). w.Som.' A bottom o' gin and
a bottom o' brandy for Mr. Jones.
7. In pi. dregs. See Bottle, sb} 5 (2).
w.Yks. There's nowt but bottle boddums (J-T.^i ; w.Yks.'
8. A ball of thread or yarn ; a reel of cotton.
w.Yks* n.Lin.i MidL Toone Diet. ^I834^. Nhp.', War.^
se.Wor.' It's all of a robblc. like a bottom o' yarn. Shr.' Come,
yo' mun trindle them j'arwin's pretty sharp, else we sha'n 'ave
owd Spake, the waiver, 'ere afore we'n got the bottoms ready.
Sus.' n.WU. Obs. (G.E.D.) [She's not a good housewife that
will not wind up her bottom, Ray Fivv. (ed. 1768) 64.]
Hence Bottom-stall, the foundation of a ball of yarn.
Shr.' A bottom-stall — which served also for a child's rattle —
was often made by putting shot into a goose's wind pipe, then
drying it, and forming it into a ring, by slipping the smaller end
witliin the other. ' I think my yorn's geilin' low, I can 'car the
bottom-stall rackle.'
9. Fig. Principle, moral worth, 'grit,' sturdiness.
e.Dur.' Wm.' He's neeahboddinn eim. w.Yks.' Naabody hes a
better boddum. Der. There's a lot for't job — well nigh a score —
t'parson, and t'wardens, and t'chapel lot, but I shall be on my own
bottom, Wkly. Tel. 1 Dec. 22, 1894 1. n.Lin.' There's noabody hes
a better boddom then him; bud he's curus to talk to. Nhp.'.
Brks.' Bdf. An honest, upright person is said to ' have a good
bottom ' I J.W.B.). Slang. Not inferior ' to bottom ' to aught you
have read of Since Cribb, years ago, half knocked Molyneux's head
off, Barham Ingoldsby ,,1864^ Bagman's Dog.
Hence (i) Bottom, adv. thoroughly; (2) Bottomed,
(7<^'. of character : principled.
(I) w.Yks.3 A bothum bad un. (2) Wm.' Thecar's nit a better
BOTTOM
[354]
BOUFF
boddum'd man e au t'toonship. n.Yks. (I.W.) w.Yks.^ Tlia" a't
a bad bothutn'd woman.
10. In comp. (i) Bottom-board, the movable bottom of
a coal-wagon ; (2) -clean, thoroughly clean ; (3) -cut,
salt-mining term : the rock salt lying below the level,
usually about two to tliree feet thick ; (4) -drawer, an
imaginary receptacle where a girl is supposed to keep
articles which she has prepared for future housekeeping;
(5) -grass, the dwarf fine grasses which grow thickly,
and come up later than the taller varieties ; (6) -leaves,
root leaves ; (7) -lift, the deepest tier of mine pumps ;
(8) -pick, a large pick for getting large coal ; (9) -pie,
potatoes and pork baked on a thick layer of dough ; (10)
-rod, mining term : an iron rod connecting the bottom-
spear to the bucket-sword; (11) -room, a single seat in
a pew; (12) -runner, the boards between the stern boards
of a boat ; (13) -wind, a wind which drives the waters of
Derwent Lake into high waves which roll eastward.
(i) N.Cy.',Nhb.^ (2) w.Yks. A housewife who does not remove
the dust from the 'corners' is not ' boddom cleean,' Banks
IVkJld. IVils. (1865); w.Yks.'; w.Yks.5 Fair bottom clean is
t'woman. (3) Clis.' (4) 16. If a young woman were to buy a set
of tea things, and were asked what use she had for such things,
she would answer, ' Oh ! they're to put in my bottom drawer.'
Wor. (J.W. P.) (5) w.Som.i We shan't have much hay to year,
if we don't get a good ground rain to bring up the bottom-grass.
(6j Hrt. The bottom leaves of Plantaiji, Ellis Alod. Hnsb. (.1750)
III. 91. i^j") CoT.^ MS. adii. (81 w.Yks. (J. P.) (9) Cor.' 2 (lo)
Nhb., Dur. Nicholson Coal Tr. Gl. (1888). (11) Fif. Leave but
a crumb o' this kirk-loom [pulpit] Memorial o' the power o' Rome,
And my Lord Card'nais bottom loom, Tennant Papistry (1827)
203. Ayr. We were to be paid eighteen pence for a bottom-room
per annum by the proprietors of the pev.'s, Galt Provost (1822)
xvi. N.Cy.' (12) S. & Ork.i (131 Cum.' The waters of the
Derwent Lake are sometimes considerably agitated even on a calm
day [by a] bottom wind.
[1. Then I saw in my dream, that the shepherds had
them to another place, in a bottom, Bunyan Pilg. Prog.
(16781 159; Our gentry in England live most part in the
countrj' . . . building still in bottoms ... or near woods.
Burton Aiiat. Mel. {1621), ed. 1896, II. 72 ; Bank, bra, and
boddum blanschit wolx and bair, Douglas Eneados {1513),
ed. 1874, HI. 76. 8. Glomus, a bottom of thred or yarn.
Coles (1679); Carlo, a reel to wind silk or yarn frotn ;
also a bottom, a clue of silk or thred, Florid; Botme of
threde, Prompt.'^
BOTTOM, V. 'Van dial. uses. Also written boddum
■Wm.' w.Yks.' ; boddom Cum. e.Yks.' ; boddam Cum.
1. To reach the bottom.
Cum. E3', he's boddom't many a pit. but he'll be gittan into yan
efter a bit, 'at iie'U be pinch't to find boddom on, Dickinson
Cuiiibr. (1875) loi. w.Som.' Boys bathing in deep water say :
'Tis too deep vor me, I can't bottom it, and I baint able vor zwim.
[N.S.W. They had not as yet 'bottomed,' or sunk down to the
alluvial drift, Boi drewood Miner {iSgo] I. vii.]
2. To empty to the bottom, to drink to the last dregs.
Cum. Come, Dicky, lad, boddom the quart, Gilpin Ballads
(18661 152. Lan. Previously bottoming a glass of ale, Bkierley
Layruck 1864) iv. Clis.3
3. Of a ditch, drain, &c. : to clean out thoroughly ; also
to do any kind of work thoroughly.
Chs.' T'o * bottom a drain ' is to pare off, with a tool made on
purpose, the small pieces of clay and irregularities in the bottom
of the drain previous to laying the pipes. Der.^, nw.Der.', Ken.
(P.M.)
Hence Bottoming spade, sb. a hollow spade used for
levelling the bottoms of the trenches in which the tiles of
underdrains are laid. n.Lin.'
4. Of hay : to get it out of any hollow wet place, where
it will not 'make.' Chs.'*
5. Dyeing term: to give the body of colour by a first
process.
w.Yk^. Indigo dyed goods are sometimes dyed a red colour
previous to tlic blue being put on. They are then said to be
bottomed 1 H.ll.i.
Hence Bottoming, vbl. sb. the first process of dyeing.
w.Yks. (J.G.)
6. To investigate thoroughly ; to find out the truth about
anything ; to fathom.
Wm.' I le hev it boddum'd out. w.Yks.' To boddum things
boddumly. e.Yks.' Clis.' I canna bottom him. sw.Lin.' Mr.
Chairman, I think this wants well bottoming. I really mean it to
be bottomed. Nhp.' I'll bottom it before I've done with it [of an
evil report]. Oxf.' I can't bottom 'ee, MS. add.
BOTTOM-FYE, v. e. An. To cleanse a ditch or drain ;
rarely Jig. to thoroughly sift, to get to the bottom of a
matter. See Fay, v.
e.An.' To throw out the bottoms of marsh ditches, as opposed
to ' pulling ' or drawing the weeds with a crome only. Nrf. My
tenants are constantly making a claim for bottomfieing their ditches
(W.R.E.). Suf. e.An. Dy. Times (1892) ; (F.H.)
BOTTOMLY, adv. Yks. Chs. Stf. Also written bod-
dumly w.Yks.' [bo'tamli.j Thoroughly, completely.
w.Vks.' Chs.' Go looks very weel, but 00 is na bottomly clean.
Stf.'
BOTTOMMOST, adj. Cum. Yks. Nhp. Also written
boddomest Cum.' ; boddomniost e.Yks.' w.Yks.'; bothu-
mest w.Yks.^; boddummost Nhp.'; bottomest w.Yks.
[bo"tam3s(t, bo"'Sam3s(t, bo"d3m3s(t.] The lowest.
Superl. oi bolloin.
Cum.' e.Yks.i MS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks. If shoo put it in wit
black soide bottomest, Bywater Gossips, 10; w.Yks.'; w.Yks,^
It's the bothumest book of the pile. NUp.'
BOTTRY, <7(/y'. Obsol. ov obs. Nhp.' Of trees : short,
stunted. See Bour-tree.
BOTTY, flrf,'. e.An. [bo'ti.]
1. Consequential, self-assertive, impertinent, conceited.
e.An.' Nrf. Tom Field is that proud and botty and full of
bigotty, he wouldn't axe for nothin'of the paarson wor it ever so,
ORioti Bccston G/iost {1884) 14; Looking at me in such a botty
way, as much as to say that she'd cut me out, Spilling Daisy DitiipU'
(1885; 58; Little men are generally so bolty (_W.R.E.) ; Nrf.'
Suf. Mildenhall is a botty little town. Raven Hist. Suf. (1895) 265 ;
Ya' fare right botty, e.An. Dy. Turns (1892) ; (F.H.)
2. Small and compact.
Suf. Tha's a botty little owd boss you a' got (C.T.) ; (F.H.)
BOTWELL, see Batwel).
BOU, see Boil.
BOUCHAL, i-6. Irel. A boy; a youth or young man.
Ir. When you and he were bouchals, Carleton Traits Peas.
(1843) I. 219 ; (G.M.H.) S.Don. Simmons Gl. 1,1890). Lns. This
beggarman is a fine bit ov a bouchal, Irish Htinioiir (1S94) 379.
Hence Bouchaleen, sb. a little boy ; often used as a
term of affection, contempt, &c.
Ir. He can slay with the bouchaleens, Carleton Traits Peas.
(1843) no; Now, you little bouchaleen, run away, A^. 6^ Q (1873)
4th S.xii. 98; (G.M.H.) w.Ir. Bad luck to my father. . . for not
sending me to be learnt it [English] when I was a bouchaleen !
Lawless Grama V1892) I. 131.
[Ir. biiac/iail, a herdsman, keeper of cows, a boy, a
servant (O'Reilly). Hence the dim. buachailin (G.M.H.).]
BOUCLE-CLOTH, sb. Yks. A kind of serge with
mohair 'loop,' used for overcoatings. w.Yks. (S.K.C.)
[Fr. boiicle, buckle ; cp. z'eloiirs a boucle, ' velours qui a
ete fait a I'epingle' (Littre).]
BOUD, sb. Nhp. Nrf. Suf. Ess. Written bowd Nrf
[baud.] A weevil, an insect tliatbreeds in maltandcuni,.Ji;c.
Nhp.', e.An.' Nrf. ,P.R.) ; Nrf.' Nrf., Suf. Morton Cyc/o. /l,i;Wc.
(,1863). Suf.' Nrf., Suf., Ess. Ray (1691); (K.)
Hence Boudy, adj. applied to malt infested with weevils.
e.An.'
[A boude, vermis fnimeiilariiis, Coles (1679); Foi.sty
the bread corne and bowd eaten malt, Tusser Uiisb.
(1580) 52; Bowde, make worme. Prompt.]
BOUD(E, see Bood.
BOUDEN, see Bowden.
BOUET, see Bowet.
BOUEY, see Boo.
BOUFF, V. and 5/). Sc. Also written bowf (Jam.).
[bi-,f.]
1. V. To bark, applied esp. to the sound made by a large
dog.
n.Sc.(W.G.) Abd., Fif, Lth. Opposed to yaffiug, which denotes
the bai king nf a small dog. ' My collie bouff 't, an' rear'l his cui liu
BOUFF
[355]
BOUGHT
biisc,'TARRAS Poems {1S04) 115 (Jam). eLth. As the laird bowffs,
tlic louii valT, Hunter /. Iiitmk ^I895) 31.
Hence BoufRn, />/>/. adj. given to barking.
n.Sc. He keeps a nalsty boufiin brute (,W G.).
2. To cough loudlj".
n.Sc. He boufft an hostit a' nicht, an didna get sae rauckle's ae
wink o' sleep (.W.G.). Abd. (Jam.) ; Still in U5e (W.M.).
Hence Bouffan, vbl. sb. continued coughing.
Bnff.' 1 le keepit sic a hostan an" bouflan a' nicht it a cud get nae
sice]) for 'im.
3. sb. A loud bark, the act of barking.
n.Sc. (W.G.) Abd., Fif., Ltli. (Jam.)
Hence Boiifne, sb. the bark of a dog.
n Sc. The doi; gya a wee bit bouffie an syne ran awa (W.G.).
Abd. (W.M.)
4. A dog.
n.Sc. Tack care o' the bouff, for fear he bite ye (W.G.).
5. A loud, hard cough.
n.Sc. Thj bonnie lassie hiz an unco sehr boulTo' a host (W.G.).
Abd. (W.M.)
BOUFF, see Bocf.
BOUGARS, sb. pi. Sc. Also written boogers.
[bfigarz.]
1. The rafters or cross-spars, forming part of the roof of
a house, and on which the wattlings or twigs are placed.
Sc. I'll tak a rung frae the bougars o' the house and rizzle your
rifgin wi't, Hendeuson Prov. (1832"! 159, ed. 1881 ; Grose (1790)
MS. add. (C.) Ayr. Said of a well-filled church : I hae heard the
boogers [beams] cracking at 6 o'clock of the morning, N. & Q.
(1873') 4tli S. xii. 306.
2. Comp. (i) Bougar-stakes, the lower part of the rafters,
resting on the ground in old houses; (2) -sticks, strong
pieces of wood fixed to the rafters of a house by wooden
pins. Rxb. (Jam.)
[With bowgars of barns thay beft blew kapps, Clirysts-
Kirk (c. 1550) xiii, in Ramsay's Evergreen, ed. 1874, I. 9.]
BOUGE, sb} Hrt. Sus. [budj.] The round swelling
part of a cask.
Hrt. Turning the cask sideways, on its bouge, Ellis Mod. Hush.
(1750) IV. ii. Sus.12
[Bouge, the middle or belly of a cask, Bailey (1755).
Fr. bouge, ' la partie la plus bonibee dun tonneau '
(Littre").]
BOUGE, sb.^ Lin. e.An. [biid^.] In phr. to make a
bouge, commit a blunder; to get a heavy fall by taking an
awkward false step.
Lin. Thompson Hisl. Bcs/on (1856) 700. e.An.'. Nrf.*
[The same word as obs. vb. bouge, applied to a ship
which strikes upon a rock so as to damage the bilge or
bulge (Fr. bouge): Lest thcrupon Our shippe sliould
bowgc, Gascoigne Voy. Hollaud (c. 1577). Cp. the use of
the vb. bulge : Thrice round the ship was tost. Then bulg'd
at once, and in the deep was lost, Dryoen (Johnson).j
BOUGE, sb.^ Cor.3 A large quantity.
[Used by Ben Jonson in the sense of ' provisions' : A
bombard man, that brought bouge for a country lady or
two that (.\\nitA. Love Resl. (c. 1616), ed. Cunningham, III.
85. Bouge of Court was an allowance of meat and drink
to the officers of the Court. Every of them to have lyke
bouge of courte, S/a/c Papers 1 1540) 1. 623 (N E.D.). Fr.
avoir bouclie a Court, to have budge-a-Court, to be in
ordinary at Court (Cotgr.).]
BOUGE, ii.* Lci.^ An insect which sometimes infests
sheep.
BOUGE, i». Yks. Lin. Lei. Nhp. e.An. Sur. Hmp. Also
written booge Sur. ; bowge w.'^'ks." [budg] To swell,
to bulge out, project. Cf bouge, sA.'
n Yks. T'wall boojcd out in some plecaces (I.W.). w.Yks.',
n.Lin.i. Lei.', Nhp.', e.An.', Nrf.' Sur. 7"mj«s. Phil. Sac. (1854)
83. Hmp'
BOUGER, sb. Sc. Also written bowger (Jam.). The
puftni, Fratercula arclica.
w.Sc. Frequent in St. Kilda and the other Western Isles, where
it is called Coulter-neb (Jam.1 ; The bowger so called by those in
St. Kilda ... is of the size of a pigeon, Martin St. Kilda 1>I753)
34 (i4.). Heb. SwAiNSON Birds (1885) 220.
BOUGH, sb} Var. dial, uses in Eng. Also written
beu-, bo- n.Lin.' [bu, biu.]
1. The smaller branch of a tree, whether growing or
detached, implj-ing the end of the branch terminating
in twigs.
w.Som.' That part would always be called a bough which would
be tied up for faggot-wood. Zee whe'cr you can't pick a bough
[a sprig] or two o' laur-yel and holm vor a bit o' kirsm.Tsin.
Hence Bougliy, adj. applied to trees which are full of
boughs instead of running up straight.
Hmp. Wise New Forest (1883) 280; Hmp.'
2. Comp. (i) Bough-elm, the wj-ch-elm tree, so called
from its wide-spreading branches; (2) -house, obs.,
a private house allowed to be open at fair-time for the
sale of liquor; (3) -load, the last load of the harvest,
so called because dressed with boughs ; (4) -pot, (a)
a flower-pot, a vase for cut flowers ; (Zi) a bouquet,
nosegay ; bunch.
(i)n.Yks. In common use (M.C.F.M.). (2) Lin. Formerly the
custom at Horncastle Fair (J. C.W.I. w.'Wor.' Suppressed at
Pershore in 1863. Suf. A'. & Q. (1852) ist S. v. 371. Sus.' An
old person describing the glories of Selmeston Fair, which has now
been discontinued many 3xars, said, * There was all manner of
booths and bough houses.' (3'! e.An.' 14. a) n.Lin.' Four bow-
pots constitute my fields, Monthly Mag. lM.iy, 18061 324. Ntip.'
(i) Ayr. She pickit up a brave bowpot of bonnie yellow ribbons.
Service Dr. Uiignid (iSiH-j) 154. Lon. Grose {i-jgo) MS. add. M.)
Colloq. A frill and flowered waistcoat, with a fine bow-pot at the
breast. Hood China Mender.
3. In phr. up in the boughs, out of temper, easily offended.
s.'Wor.' Slir.' 'Er wuz all up i' the bouglis [bou-z] in a minute.
GIo. When he found another man put on lo his work he was up in
the boughs directly ^S.S.B.•| ; (A.B.) Oxf.' MS. add.
BOUGH, .•?*.= Pem. The stitches in knitting.
s Pem. Laws Little Eng. (1888) 419; Keep the preens tight,
donna be so clumsy an' lev' Ih' boughs slip like that i^W.M.M. .
BOUGHT, sb} and i-.' Sc. Irel. Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin.
Also in form boght Ant. ; booght w.Yks.*; boot Lan.';
boucht (Jam.); bucht S. & Ork.' ; buft w.Yks.' ne.Lan.';
bught Sc. (Jam.) [biixt, but, w.Yks. also bSft.]
1. sb. A curve or bend, csp. the hollow or curve of the
elbow or knee. Cf. bight, bout.
Sc. Bucht of theclbow, Grose (1790) A/S. (7rf</. (C") Abd How-
ever, I took her b3* the bought o' the gard3' an gar'd her sit down,
Forbes /'■". (1742) 17. Ant. (W.H.Ki Yks. Tiiokescv Lrtl.
(1703). w.Yks.' I hurt buflt o' mj' arm. ii. 288 ; w.Yks. ■*, Lan.',
ne.Lan.', Chs.^^ Lin. Skinner (1671) ; Obsul. vR.E.C.)
2. A ribbon bow. ne.Lan.'
3. A coil of fishing-lines; a fishing-line about fifty
fathoms.
SU I. Each line, or bought as it is called, is about 50 fathoms,
Edmonston Zitl. Isl. (1809) I. 235; The ordinary complenicnt of
lines is 120 bughts, each bught 55 fathoms long, Agrie. Siirv. 88
(Jam.). S. & Ork. I
4. V. To fold down ; to enclose as in a loop.
Sc. (Jam.) ; Grose ( 1790) MS. add \,C)
Hence (i) Boucht-knot, -■;/'. a running knot, one made
with doubled cord ; (2) Bouchtingblanket, sb. a small
blanket, spread across a feather-bed, the ends being tucked
in at both sides. Sc. (Jam.)
[Chapelet du jarret, "the bought of the ham, Cotgr. ;
Bought of the arme, le ply dit'liras, Pal,sgr. (1530). Cp.
Norw. dial., Da. and Sw. bugt, a bend, cogn. w. OE. byltl;
see Bight.]
BOUGHT, sb.'^ and f.* Sc. Nhb. Also in form boucht,
bucht (Jam.) ; bught Nhb.' [buxt, Nhb. biit]
1. sb. A sheep- or cattle-fold ; a pen in which the ewes
are confined at milking time.
Sc The bucht, and the byre, and the stable, Shaw'd plenty and
thrift to be there, Jamieson Pop. Ballads (1806) I. 293 ; Will ye
gae to the ewe-buchts, Marion ? Sng. Abd. The wife looks up . . .
And, leaning o'er the bught, the maidens spies, Ross Helenore
(1768") 83, ed. 1812. Lnk. They jeer me hameward frae the loan
or bught. Ramsay Gentle Shep. (,1725) ao, ed. 1783. Bwk. She was
in the bught at the ' milking o' the yowcs,' Henderson Pop. lihyines
(1856) 76. Gall. As sheep arc driven into buchts on the hillside,
Crockett Moss Hags (1895) vii. N.Cy.', Nhb.'
Z 7. 2
BOUGHT-BREAD
[356;
BOUK
2. The house in which sheep are enclosed at night.
Lnk. These sheep were constantly penned at night in a house
called the bught, Hamilton S/alist. Ace. II. 184 (Jam.). ^
3. A large square pew in a church. Also in coinp.
biicht-seat.
Abd. (Jam.) e.Lth. A muckle bucht-seat o' my ain in the pairish
kirk, Hunter/. Imvick (1895) 15.
4. V. To enclose in a fold, to pen.
Sc. But, my ewes are new shorn, and they winna bught in ; . . . O
yellow-haired laddie come bught them for me, Cunningham Siigs.
(1813) 48. Abd. Bouchting in the ewes, when they came hame,
Ross Helcnoie (17681 31, ed. 1812. Kcd. Lads and lasses did
convene To milk the kye, and bught the ewes, Jamie 7l/;(5f (1844) 4.
Nhb. My faither was buchtin" the Brockalaw yowes, Richardson
Borderer's Tablc-bk. (1846) VII. 137.
Hence (i) Boucht-curd.si. the droppings of the sheep,
which frequently fall into the milk-pail ; (2) Boughting-
time, sb. the time at which the ewes are milked.
(i) Rxb. (Jam.) (2) Sc. At boughting time to leave the plain.
In milking to abide thee, Ramsay Tea-Table Misc. (1724) I. 69, ed.
1871. Ayr. When o'er the hill the eastern star Tells bughtin-
time is near, Burns My ain kind Dearie.
5. To enclose by means of a fence, or for shelter. Rnf.
(Jam.)
Hence Bughted, //>/. aJj. enclosed, sheltered.
Rnf. The mavis, down thy bughted glade Gars echo ring frae
every tree, Tannahill Poems (1807) 159.
[The wyld wolf . . . Abowt the bovvght . . . Bayis and
gyrnis, Douglas Eiieados (1513I, ed. 1874, 11. 214.]
BOUGHT-BREAD, sb. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin.
Also written bowt- w.Yks.^ m.Lan.* [bout-briad, -brid.]
Baker's bread as distinguished from that made at home.
N.Cy.i, Nhb.i w.Yks.^ Hers [her family] lives o' bowt bread.
For the greater part, only those who are too idle to bake, buy their
bread, hence the tone of contempt with which it is spoken of.
m.Lan.i There's some weary rubbish among bowt-bread. Chs.l,
n.Lin.l sw.Lin.' My old man always said I should come to ycat
bought bread.
BOUGHTEN, //>/. adj. Won Hrf. Glo. Oxf Brks. Hmp.
Wil. Som. Dev. Cor. Anicr. [b9-t3n,]
1. Bought, in distinction to home-made.
Wor. (H.K.) w.Wor.' I alius bakes at 'oaiim, I canna abide
boughten bread. s.Wor.i, Hrf.^ Glo. (A.B.") ; Glo.i Boughten
cakes. Oxf 1, Brks.i, Hmp. (fl.C.M.B.) n.Wil. Boughten bread
aint got near the heart in't as that as we makes a'twom (E. H.G.).
w.Som.* Boughten [bau'tn, bau'dn] stockings baint like home-made
ones. nw.Dev.l [Nfld. (G. P. ) U.S.A. In provincial use in New
Eng. Do 3'ou use boughten tobacco ? Artemus Ward in N. & Q.
(1877) 5th S. vii. 115, 375.]
2. Of clothes, &c. : ready-made, not made to measure or
order.
Hmp. A ready-made garment, &c., is called ' a boughten one'
(H.C.M.B.). Dev . Reports Provinc. (1877) 128; Dev.3 I be gwaine
up tha country mawing, an waanted zome cloaths vur tli go wi*. —
'Ots git than? — Aw, zome boughten biites an' a boughten viile kit
[a whole suit ready made]. Dev., e. Cor. A'. frQ. (i876)5th S. vi.488.
[BoHglii, pp. -(--?«, adj. suff., as in wooden.]
BOUGIE, sb.^ Cor. Also written bowgie Cor.'= A
sheep-house ; a shed for cattle.
Cor. Seeing the Bouge she . . . got into it, laying herself down
amongst the sheep. Hunt Pop. Rom. w.Eng. (1865) I. 108 ; Cor.^^
BOUGIE, sb.'- Sh.I. [budgi.] A bag made of sheep-
skin.
Sh.I. (Jam.) S. & Ork.i
[Bouge -\- -ie i Am. swfi.). Bowge, bii/gei, Proiiip/. OFr.
bouge, a small leather bag or wallet. Lat. bu/ga (a Gaulish
word).]
BOUGIL.si. n.Cy. [Notknown to our correspondents.]
The crow of a cock.
n.Cy. Border Gl. {Coll. L.L.B.)
[Pron. of bugle (a hunting-horn). Be than the bowgill
gan to blavv, A. Scott Poems (c. 1600), ed. Cranstoun, 15.
(Printed bottgil'm The Evergreen (1761) H. 185.)]
BOUGTH, sb. Yks. Laii. Also written boogth w.Yks.^;
bugth w.Yks.** Lan.' [bug)?.] Bigness, size, bulk. See
Boukth.
w.Yks. Isn't that a fine miln chimlcy ?— Ay, ther's plenty o'
bugth in't i/E. B.) ; Th' size ov his body had nowt to do wi' th'
bugth ov his love, Hartley Clock Aim. (1879) 11; w.Yks.23 ;
w.Yks.s Abart t'booglh o my hand. Them two barns is abart
t'boogth o' one another ah think ? Lan. There isn't stuff enough
for a tollow-candle i'th' whole bugth on tho.fro'yed to fuut.WAUGH
Chim. Corner (1874) 222, ed. 1879 ; Lan.^ Hasto forgetten me
pooin' tho cawt o' that greight tub, when thae'er abeawt th' bugth
ov er Billy? Waugh Besom Ben (1865) 43.
Hence Bugthen, v. to lengthen, increase, enlarge.
w.Yks. Aw want yo' to buglh'n mi britches slops (i5i^. B.) ; Very
rarely in Wilsdcn, although not uncommon in my father's younger
da^'s, Leeds Mere. Siippl. (Dec. 13. 1890).
BOUK, sZ).i and v.^ Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. "Wm.
Yks. Lan. Der. Lin. Shr. Nrf Suf. Also in form boak
e.An.'=; boke e.An.' Nrf.' Suf.'; book S. & Ork.' Nhb.'
Dur.' Cum.' Wm.' n.Yks.'^ ne.Yks.' w.Yks.' = " Der.'; bowk
Sc.N.Cy.'n.Lin.'; buik, buke Sc. ; buk S. & Ork.' [bSk.]
1. sb. The belly, stomach.
Lin. Ellis Pronttiie. (1889' V. 311 ; TP.R.) ; Strfatfeild Lin,
and Danes (iSS.;) r^iS; Skinner (1671). n.Lin.i, Shr.^
2. The whole body, carcass.
Sc. He has mair wit in his little finger than ye have in a' your
bouk, Ramsay Prov. (1737) ; I'll hae it frae him, if I should cut it
out o' his misshapen bouk wi" my whinger, Scott Blk. Dwarf
(1816) viii. Abd. Rin aff wi' yon hale buik some post to fill,
Gnidman Iiiglisinaill ( 1873") 31. Kcd. He steed until we cudna see
His burly buik for reek. Grant Lays (1884) 29. Fif. His bluid
birr'd thro' his buik wi' ire, Tennant Papistry (1827) 38. Ayr.
Blude outgush'd. And monie a bouk did la', man, Burns Sheriff-
miiir, St. 2. Ltli. Her Willie, tho' sma'. Has mair in his buik than
the best o' them a', BallantinePochis (1856) 92. Slk. Sae braid
and buirdly was his bouk, Hogg Mount. Bard. Gilmanselciich, st. 59.
N.Cy.i Nhb.' Yet used in some of the more remote parts of Nhb.
Lin. (P.R.)
3. In phr. (i) to have boke and bane, to be lusty and
strong; (2) buk and bodie, the whole person.
(i) n.Yks.Tother [cow] lies book and bane, Meriton Praise Ale
(1684) I. 379; She's booke and bane aneugh, I knaw, ib. I. 579.
m.Yks.' (2)S. &Ork.i
4. The trunk or body of a tree.
N.Cy.', Nlib.i, Shr.2
5. The body of a wagon or cart.
Nrf. He made the pillars tu't o' silver, the boke on't o' gold,
Gillett Sng. Sol. (i860) iii. lo ; Cozens-Hardy Broad Nrf.
(1893) 99 ; (J.H.) ; > A.G.F.) Suf. ^F.H.)
6. Size, quantity, bulk.
Sc. I hope it's bowk eneuch to hand the gear, Scott Antiquary
(i8i5) XXV. S. & Ork.' Abd. Ye're nae gryte bouk mair nor
mysel', Alexander Jolinnv Gibb [iS'ji \ xxv. Frf. The3' ken'd weel
aneuch a' the bouk o' their ain, Laing IVayside Firs. (1846) 19.
Lnk. He wasna muckle book when I was dune wi' him, Fraser
U'l/atips (1895) xiii. Slk. He can be nae wecht — nae heavier
than his bouk in air, Chk. North Noetcs (ed. 1856) IV. 191.
N.Cy.' Nlib.' To gan into little book. Dur.' Cum.' Will't rain
to-day? — Nea, nae girt book. Wm.'T'book ame thoom. n.Yks.l
Thae twee's about t'seeam bu'k ; n.Yks.^^ ne.Yks.' Ah've knawn
it ivver sen ah wer t'book o' mah leg. e.Yks.' Hoo big was it?
—About bouk of a black-bod. w.Yks.' 24 ; w.Yks.5 Nobbud
t'book o' that thear stoan. Lan. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.)
ne.Lan.' He's a gay book of an age. Der.' A good one for th'
book on't. Obs. Lin. He's about my bouk, Thompson Hist.
Boston (18561 700. Suf. The boke of anything, meaning the
greater part (C.T.).
Hence (i) Bouksome, (2) Beaky, adj. bulky, large.
(i) Abd. Wi' this bouksome graith You will tyne half your speed,
Forbes W/n.v (1742) II. Cum.' (2) Suf. (F.H.)
7. A definite quantity, a load ; csp. a load of straw.
e.An.'2 Nrf. There's a sight of boke t'year, but there main't
be much cast [yield] (W.R.E ) ; (A.G.) ; Nrf.' There is more boke
than corn in that grass. Suf. (F.H.); Suf.* 'Great boke of corn' is
much straw for the amount of grain. 'Ta rise well according to the
boke.'
8. Camp. Boke-load, a load of hay or straw ; a large, top-
heavy load.
e.An.i Nrf. Marshall Riir. Econ. (1787); Trans. Phil. Soc.
(1855 I 30.
9. V. To make bulk ; to swell, become prominent, to
protrude, stick out. Gen. used with prep. out.
Per. It 'ill buke as weel as ony in the threshin', Ian Maclaren
Auld Lang Syne (iQi^i) 358. Lan. The wall boked out. Said of
BOUK
[357]
BOUN
an umbrella of wliich one of the ribs wns broken : My umbrella
bokcs up S.W. ) ; Mi stick bawkin out undher one arm, Clecg TVi'
JJerby (1890) 20. e.An.', Nrf.", Suf. .F.II.)
Hence Bouked,///. adj. swollen, big-bellied ; of a large
size.
Sc. Bouked brides should have bor'd maidens, Kelly Prov.
(1721) 129. N.I.^ It's big booket. Ant. This is g^-e an' wecbookit
for the money. Bally iiieiia Obs. (1892").
[In meanings 1-4 this word seems to be mainly a
survival of ME. houk, the belly, and partly to represent
ME. hoik, bulk. In meanings 5-9 the word represents
an old form of 'bulk.' 1. pe hco wulle underfon swa
hcj |>ing swa is cristes licomc in his sunfulle buke, Hniii.
Lamb. MS. (c. 1175*, ed. Morris, I. 25. 2. Full mony
carcage of thir oxin grcj't . . . And bustuus boukis of the
byrsit swyne, Douglas Eiieiidos {1513), cd. 1874, iv. 24;
The clothered blood ... is in his bonky-laft, Chaucer C.T.
A. 2746. OE. i«f, belly ; cp.G. banc/i. ON. A/V^a-, trunk of
the body. 6. He crj'es, What plots, O what mischief!
And still a Kirkman at the nuike o't ! Though old
Colquhoun should bear the buick o't, Clel.vnd Poems
(1697) 78 (Jam.).]
BOUK, z'.' and si^ Nhb. Dur.
1. ;'. To bellow in play or anger, as an ox. Nhb.'
2. sb. In mining, a report made by the cracking of the
strata owing to the extraction of coal beneatli ; also the
noise made by the escape of gas under pressure.
Nhb.i Nhb., Dur. Gkeenwell Coal Tr. Gl. u888i.
[The same as ME. bolkeii, to eructate ; also used in the
sense, to vociferate. I shal bolke out, or telle outc, hid
thingis, WvcLiF (1382) Matt. xiii. 35. Cp. MLG. bolkeii
(G. bolkeit), ' mugire ' (Sciiiller-LUbben) ; Flem. bolcken,
' bugler comme une vache ' ( Plantin).]
BOUK, see Boke, Bowk, Buck.
BOUKTH, sb. Lan. Der. Also in form bookth Lan.'
Der.' ; buckth, bukth. [b{ik)>.] Size, bulk. See Bougth.
Lan. It's no obove buckth o' tlie little finger, Paul Bobbin Sequel
(1819I 32 ; Hoo's a middlin' bukth o' limb, Brierley Jrkdalc
(1865I 176.
[Botik, sb.'6 + -/A.]
BOUL, see Bool.
BOULDACIOUS, see BoldaciouS.
BOULDER, sb.^ In gen. dial, use in Sc. and the n. and
midl. counties. Also Bus. I Imp. Wil. Also in form
bohder n.Lin.' ; bolder n.Yks.' Der.' Suf Wil.; bollar
ni.Yks.'; booder N.Cy.' Nhb.' w.Yks.^; boolder w.Yks.= :
boother N.Cy.* Nhb." w.Yks.' Lan.' e.Lan.' Chs.' Slf.'
Der.' ; bouther Shr ' ; bowlder Sc. (Jam.) Sus.^ ; bowler
Hrf.' Wil. [bSdair), bCSalr).)
1. A hard round stone ; esp. the kind used for paving.
N.Cy.', Nhb.^ Nhb., Dur. Strong white post with wltin boulders,
lioriiigs {iWi) II. 338. Cum.2, n.YI--s.'2, m.Yks.' w.Yks.' ;
w.Yks.2 An braik his heead agean a boulder; w.Yks.^^ Lan.
Gcthert'n hop ghreyt bootliers, ewt o' th' cart ruts, Paul BouniN
Sequel I 1819 1 14 ; Lan.', e.Lan.', Chs.'^ Midi. Marshall Rin.
Eeou. (1796). Stf.^, Der.'2 Not. Tlie stockiners coom to the
'lection wi' their bags full o' bo'dcrs (L.C.M.) ; Not.' n.Lin.'
Tliere's a big bohder wi' a ring in it agean th' blacksmith shop.
Lei.' New Red Sandstone pebbles used for paving, or, when
broken up, for mending roads, are 'boulders.' Nlip.^, War.^,
Shr.' Hrf.2 Sus. Round llint stones used in buildings, Grose
(1790" ; Sus.'
2. A large insular stone found on the downs or heath.
Wil. These bouldei-s, or, as they are called locally, * bowlers,'
were scattered about the heath, Jekferies Open Air (1885) 76;
(L.C.M.)
3. Comp. (i) Boulder-head, (a) a work against the sea,
made ot small wooden stakes ; (lA fif;. a blockhead, heavy
head; (2) -man, a pavier ; (3) -stone, (n) a paving-stone;
(b) a large insulated stone found on the downs ; (4)
-thumper, a pavier's rammer.
(I, a) Sus.", Hmp.' i^i Der. His wife hurrying the servant-
wenches from their beds, crying, ' Up, up, boulder-heads,' HowiTT
Rki: Eiig. (18381 I. 151. ^2) -w.Yks. Vks. U'kly. Post (Nov. 7,
1896). (3, a) Per. (Jam.) Yks. The bollar-stones so gall'd me,
Yksman. in London, 295 Lan. For eawr warm beds t'put up wi'
sthraw ; For every cheer, a boother stone, RAMsaoTioM Phases of
Distress (1864) 66; Lan.> Thae stons thcer as gawmlcss as a
bootherstone, Waugh 7<j///i;r A/(i//v(i867) 9. (A) Hmp.' Wil.
Called also sarsens, Britton Deantirs (1825). (4) w.Yks. Till
I expected my heead being lurn'd into a boulder-thumper,
Wadsley Jack 1 1866) xi.
[There be horse-harowes, . . . vsed moche about Ryppon,
. . . where be many bulder-stones, Fitzherbert Jlii.sb.
(1534' 25 ; He gripen sone a bulder ston, and let it llcye,
. . . Ajen \ie dore, Havelok (c. 1280) 1790. Cp. Sw. dial.
buller-steit, a rough round stone (Rietz).]
BOULDER, .v/;.2 e.An. Also written bolder e.An.';
bowder- Nrf [bud3(r).]
1. The bulrush, Scirpiis tacustris. Gen. used in/>/.
e.An.' Nrf. Stevenson Birds (^1890) III. 331 ; Stalliam reeds
are reckoned the best in Nrf. Christmas is the time for cultin' ;
but not for boulders— they're cut in summer-time, White e.Eng.
(1865- I. 175.
2.//. Clumps of flags, stubs.
e.An.' Nrf. Cozens-Hardy Broad Nrf. (1893) 77 ; Da vies Nrf.
Broads (1884^ 24.
3. Co;;//>. Bowder-rushes, coarse rushes used for making
horse-collars, bottoming chairs, &c.
Nrf. Arch. 1,1879) VUI. 168.
BOULE, ab. Obs. Der. A vessel in wliich miners
measure out ore. Also called Dish (q.v.).
Der. Mamove Lead Mines (1653 Gl.
BOUL-HORNED, adj. Sc. Written bool- (Jam.).
Obstinate, perverse ; inflexible.
Sc. (Jam.) Ayr. Noo she's a boul-horned guidwife wi' . . .
a man who kamls her lieid wi' the taf.ie-beetle, Service Aolai.-
ditnis (1890) 113.
BOULLY-BA-WN, sb. Ircl. Bread made WMth flour
as distinguished from that made with meal.
Wxf. An' treat me to bouily bawn, an' tay an' bacon, Kennedy
Banks Bora (18671 162 ; (P.J.M.)
[Ir. biiilin bait, a white loaf (Macbai.n).]
BOULT, see Bolt.
BOULTER, s4. Cor. [bSltafri.] A long fishing-line
with hooks attached. See Bultys.
Cor. Tliis variety [of conger] is caught by an arrangement of
hooks and lines locally termed boultys or boulters, Quiller-Couch
Hist. Polfeiro{i&Ti; 114; Cor.'2
[Bulters . . . are strong lines five hundred feet long,
with sixty hooks, each eight feet asunder baited with
pilchards or niackrel. Pennant Zoologj' (1769) 111. 117;
These hakes are taken with the boulter, which is a spiller
of a bigger size, Carew Suniey Cornu'all (16021 34.]
BOUN, A*/, adj. Sc. Ircl. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Chs. Der. Lin. Also written baan Wm.' e.Lan.';
bahnw.Yks.^; barn w.Yks. ^ ; beawn Lan.' m. Lan. 'Chs.';
boon e. Yks.' m.Yks.'; bouneDur.'; bown w.Yks.*; bun
m.Yks.' Lan.' Der.* n.Lin.'; bund Yks. [bun, boun,
ban.]
1. Ready, prepared.
Sc. When bells were rung, and mass was sung. And a' men
boun to meat, Jamieson Pop. Ballads (1806) I. 122. n.Sc. It's
time you were boune to ride, Miller Scenes and Leg. (cd. 1853)
xxxi. Abd. Ill early mak' me boun' To see what's deein' i' the
borrow's toun, Gnidman Inglisniaill (1873) 28 ; Your birn ye may
lay down. For rinning ye will be the better bown, Ross Helenore
(1768) 57, ed. 1812. Fif. Fiery-wud and bown To seek the
harlot's life, TEtiNAKT Papistry (1827) 21. NCy.* Dur. 'Boon
to sleep ' (K.^. Cum. Linton /.nite' Cy. ^ 1864) 296. Wm. Memudder
lent her a whicknin, an we were l)avvn at brew, soa I went for
it, Wheeler Dial. ^1790) 81, ed. 1821. w.YkB. I am boon at any
time, Hamilton A'»^ncZ.iy. (1841'! 355 ; w.Yks.* Der. Bid theKarlc
of Darby make him bowne, Jkwitt Ballads (1867! 46.
2. Going, ready to set olT, starting ; bound for.
N.Cy.' Nhb.' Where are you boon for ? Dur.' Aw's boune ti
Stendrop ; Cum.* Wm. Whaar er yee bawn, jee er sea dond
awt ith check happron, Wheeler i)m/. (1790) 11, ed. 1821; Wm.'
Ise baan ta t'toon. n.Yks.' Ah's boun off for a bit. e.Yks. All's boon
ti Aubro [Aldboro'J, NiciiOLsoN/"/jt-5/). (1889)54; e.Yks.' m.Yks.'
I's boon myself to-day. w.Yks. 'An' arta bahn ? ' t'wife sed. . . .
'Bahn! ov cooarse nwm bahn,' Hartley Clock Aim. (1874) 42;
w.Yks.'**; w.Yks.5 Whear's tub barn tul! — Am bown hoam.
'Bown' is the least refined [form], and is generallycmployed by the
factorygirls. Lan. Neaw lads, where ar yo beawn so fast ! Halli
BOUN
[358]
BOUNCER
V/ELL Paf.Au/hol (1850) no; Lan.' Wheer't'abun? — Whoam, tobi
sure. ne.Lan.^, e.Lan.^ mXan.' ' Wheer arta beawn ? ' meeans
wlieer arta gooin', as evcrj'body knows. Chs.^ Awm beawn to
Stopport. Der.' 0)m baaynt') doo i^t [old pron. baayn, as ' I'm
boiin t'do it'j. O'm baa*n tu goa* [modern pron. baa'n^ as * I'm
boun to go*] ; Der.'^ Bun to Lunnon. nw.Der. ^
3. Done, finished.
n.Cy. He's bown w"" it (K.).
4. With infinitive : about to, going to, on the point of.
Yks. I'm bahn to hug [carry] him mysen, Taylor Miss Miles
(1890) xiii. n.Yks. Az bun to giv t'faam up next bakend [autumn]
(W.H.); n.Yks.' Ah lays there's boun t'be a wedd'n t'moorn.
It's boun t'raan afore it's lang ; n.Yks. ^ I's boun to be off.
ne.Yks.l Ah doot t'au'd meer's boun ti dee. w.Yks. Nah then,
thah mun lissen at what o'm bahn to say, Tocsin (1841) 93;
w.Yks.' My knees parfitly whacker ageean at thowtes o' what I'se
boun to tell the, ii. 301 ; w.Yks.^ He's nooan baan to get t'brass.
Lan. He wer just baan to start th' service, Bowker 7'fl/cs( 18831 235;
'ihink weel o'er what yo're beaun to do, Clegg DaincTs Loom
(1894I v; Lan.' n.Lin." He's bun to fetch th' ky off o' th' common.
5. In phr. (i ) Bahn in, returning to work after a dispute ;
(2) balm on, going on, about to commence work.
(1) w.Yks. They reckon 'at we're bahn-in agean, Yks. IVkly.
Post (Dec. 1894) I. (2) ib. They're bahn on three days t'next
week, Burnley Dazvn (1874) i.
[1. And bed hem alle ben boun ... To wenden with
hem to Weste mynstre, P. Ploivinan (c.) in. 173 ; Abraham
wass forr)>rihht bun To don Drihhtiness wille, Ormidiint
(c. 1200) 14670. 2. Quhidder ar je boun, je schaw ws
plane, Douglas Encados (1513), ed. 1874, iii. 238; Shippes
... on the shyre water. All boune on the brode see, Dest.
Troy (c. 1400) 2745. ON. buinn, prepared, pp. of bua, to
get ready.]
BOUN, V. Sc. Nhb. Cum^Yks. Lan. Der. 'Written
biwne Sc. Der. nw.Der.' [bun, boun.]
1. To prepare, make ready ; to get ready, to dress ; to
betake oneself to a place.
Sc. We will all bowne ourselves for the banquet, Scott IVaverley
(1814") App. ri. to Gen. Pref. Abd, He bouns him to the house,
Beatties Parings (1801I 24. n.Cy. (K.) ; N.Cy.^ Nhb. Grose
(1790^ Cum. ' Ye'll na boune yit, Mary,' said Matthew, ' ye'll na
boune yon way for mony a lang year yit,' Caine Shad. Crime
(1885) 46; Cum.= w.Yks. 'WiLLAN List Wds. (1811); w.Yks.'
Not often used. w.Lan. Beawn these! (H.M.).
2. To decorate with evergreens at Christmas.
Der. 2. nw.Der.'
[1. To boune, parare, accingere, Levins Manip. (1570) ;
Say beggar, why brawlest [:ou ? go boune pe to Jie barre,
York Plays (c. 1400) 286; I wold boune me to batell, Dest.
Troy (c. 1400) 827. The vb. is a der. of boitn (ppl. adj.), q.v.]
BOUNCE, sb. Lan. Wor. Lon. Hmp. Colon, and in gen.
colloq. use.
1. A bound, leap. Also pig. in phr. on the bounce, sud-
denly, by surprise.
Lan. Wouldno hoo be surprised when hoo see'd us? — Ay ; it
would be catchin' her gradely on the bounce, Brierley Cast upon
World {1S.&6) 142.
2. Brag, boasting, self-assertion.
s.Wor. Said of a lawyer ' A's a' bounce' (H.K.\ Hmp.'
Slang. Making no account of hisself, and as you ma3' say, no
bounce with him, Hughes T. Brown O.xf. (1861) xliv; The whole
heroic adventure was the veriest bounce, the merest bunkum,
Blackw. Mag. (May 1880) (Farmer). [U.S.A. It's almost impossible
to get a bit of good honest bounce out of an American nowadays,
HoWELLS Lady of Aroostook, xxiv.]
3. In phr. on the bounce, in an impudent manner, threat-
eningly.
Lon. These (to use their own words) ' do it on the bounce,'
Mayhew Lond. Labour (1851) I. 309. [Aus., N.S.W. What d'yer
mean, then, by coming here on the bounce ? . . . You ain't got
a warrant, Boldrewood Squatter (tSgo) vi.]
[1. A bounce, leape, saltus, Levins Manip. (1570). 2.
Bounce, a boast, a threat (in low language), Johnson
(1755^-]
BOUNCE, v. 'Van dial, and colloq. uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Written bownse s.Chs.'
I. L To beat, thrash, trounce. Cf bensil.
s.CUs.' Used only in reference to the back.
2. To brag, exaggerate, ' talk big.'
Abd, I am braggin' an' bouncin' Alane by mysel', Geo IVillie
JValy (1873) 192. e.Yks.' Ah can beleeav meeast o' what thoo
says, but Ah's seer thoo's bouncin noo. w.Wor. He'll fight like
a robin, and bounce his man like a w-ren, Bcrrows Jrn. (Mar. 10,
18S8). s.Wor. The wren does not fight but is always cocky and
* swells itself out as big as a rook,' according to the old saying ;
hence it is said to bounce or brag (H.K.). Suf. (F.H.) Lon.
He had another bottle with what he called a worm 200 inches
long, he bounced it was, Mavhew Lond. Labour (1851) I. 423.
Hence (i) Bouncer, sb. a braggart, boaster; (2) Bounc-
ing, vbl. sb. loud talking, bragging.
(i) Abd. C a' the great bouncers, oor Willie's the best, Ogg
IVdlie Waly (1873) 163 ; Suf. (F.H.) (a) Ant. Let us hae nane o'
your bouncin', Ballyjnena Obs. (1892).
3. To threaten, bully, ill-use.
Gmg. The husband is simply trying to bounce the poor woman
into leaving his house (S.O.A.). Slang. Drysdale ain't the man
as 'd see two poor chaps bounced out of their honest nam ,
Hughes T. Brown O.r/. ( 1861) iii; Farmer. Colloq. The free-
handed gentleman and the process-servers arose, and ' bounced '
the creditor, Murray Nov. Note-bk. (1887") 66. [Aus. Dan Liss,
who never in his hfe bounced man, woman, or child, Praed
Romance of Station (1890) I. vi.]
Hence (i) Bounceable, adj. bumptious, cheeky; (2)
Bounceful, adj. masterful, arrogant, domineering ;
(31 Bouncing, ppl. adj. bumptious, conceited.
(i) Oxf. Told the latter lady 'not to be so bounceable,' Black-
more Cripps (ed. 18951 xii. Slang. Farmer. [Aus. Take as
much as you can get, and instead of being very thankful for what
you get, try and be bounceable for more, Ferguson Bush Life
(1891) vii ; He will have to be a pretty bounceable customer if
that won't put him down, ib~\ (2) Lon. If the Crocus I have
mentioned sees this in the paper . . . won't he come out bouncefull ?
Mayhew Lond. Labour (1851) I. 423. Wil.' (3) Lnk. Bouncin'
Boers and Afghan din, Wardrop Johnnie Matheson (1881) 107.
4. To cheat, deceive.
Lon. Buying rags they call it, but I call it bouncing people
Mayhew Lond. Labour (1851) I. 424. Colloq. It's no use trying
to bounce you any more, because you've seen too much, Murray
Nov. Note-bk. (1887) 222.
II. 1. To bound like a ball ; hence fig. to be lively,
boisterous ; to swagger.
Kcb. He dreamed for the length o' the nicht o' lasses a'
bouncin' like kimmers, Armstrong Ingleside (1890) 217. Cum. In
com the women fwok buncin', Gilpin Sngs. (1866I 359. Brks.'
Hence (i) Bouncer, sb. (a) the large earthenware
marble used for bouncing or playing with checks or cubes ;
(b) a vigorous, lively person ; (2) Bouncing, ppl. adj.
romping, boisterous.
(I, a) w.Yks. (J. T.) (b) Fif. Meg was a bouncer. . . . Her arms
were bare to the elbows, and terminated in a pair of powerful
fists, Robertson Provost (1894) 137. (2) Lth. Bouncing Meg
loud roar'd her, Bruce Poems (1813) 66. w.Yks. Shoo met him
att'doorwith a baancing kuss, Cud worth Dial. Sketches (1884) 113.
2. To move hastily, noisily ; to eject forcibly.
Wni. He boonst him oot on t'doorstans when he began wi his
sauce (B.K.). Brks.'
3. To toss.
s.Wor. I'll bounce 'ce fur it (H.K.).
[I. 1. Wilfully him throwing on the gras Did beat
and bounse his head and brest ful sore, Spenser P.Q.
(1596) bk. III. xi. 27. 2. Let him bounce at his customers
if he dares, Johnson Idler (1758) No. 28. 3. I . . . bounce
her for more money, Fletcher Night IValker (c. 1626) iv.
i. (N.E.D.)]
BOUNCER, s/^i Wm. Yks. Der. Not. Lin. Lei. War.
Slang. Written booncer Wm. [bti-nsa(r), bou ns3(rj,
w.Yks. ba ns3(r).] Anything very large of its kind.
Wm. Von lad's a booncer fer his age (B.K.). w.Yks. (J.T.);
Warrant he a baancer ? Dewsbre Olm. (Oct. 27, 1866) 14. Der.^
Said of a thumping big lie. nw.Der.', Not.' n.Lin.' A fine child, a
large turnip, or an astounding he are all bouncers. Lei.' War.
(J.R.W.); War.3 Slang. I shall stand a good chance of being
honoured by the periodicals with the appellation of a ' bouncer,'
Barrington Sketches (1830) III. iii.
BOUNCER, sb?- Lon. A professional beggar.
Lon. Mayhew Lond. Labour (1851; 1. 310.
BOUNCING
[359]
BOUN-TREE
Hence Bouncing buffer, phr. a beggar.
Cant. No ballad basket, bouncing bulTcr, Nor any other, will
I suffer, AiNSWoRTH Roohiiood \iS-^\) bk. 111 v.
BOUNCING, ppl. adj. Sc. Yks. Der. Not. Lin Lei. N lip.
War. Hnt. Ken. [bunsin, bounsin, beu'nsin, w.Yks.
bansin.] Strong, robust, large ; fine of its kind.
Sc. She was a big . . . bouncing woman, with an arm like a
man's for strength, Whitehead Daft Davie U876) 201, ed. i£94.
e.Yks.' She's growin to be a rare booncin lass. w.Yks. I2 a fain
bansin ban (J.W.). Der.*, nw.Der.', Not.' n Lin.i In very truth
there is a jolly bouncing buy born, Bernard Terence (1629) 44.
Lei.' A bouncing big bill. Nbp.' A great and incredible untruth is
a bouncing falsehood. War. (J.R.W.) ; War.» Hnt. (T.P.F.),
Ken. (K.)
BOUNCING-BESS, 5A. Dev.« (i) Ceit/rati//ius ruber,the
red spur valerian ; (21 Valeriana cellica, the white valerian ;
also called Delicate Bess.
BOUND, sb. (mostly in pi.) and v. Sc. Nhb. Yks. War.
Ken. Sur. limp. Wil. Cor. Written boond, bun Nhb.'
1. sb. Boundary, limit ; district.
Abd. Ye gentle fouk 'at win At canty fires, in well box'd bouns,
Beattie Piiriitgs (1801) 24, ed. 1873. Kcd. In Scotlan's boun's
sin' syne. We hinna hed anither spate Like auchtcen twenty-nine,
Grant Lays (1884) 24. Fif. Coltar-towns throu' a' that bound.
Tennant Pa/'islry (1827) 70. Nhb.' He's oot o' the buns. n.Yks.'
War.31715 Spent when we w.ilkedye Boiindsof the Parish, li. 61/.,
Aiisley I'lih. Ace., Trans. Arch. Sue. (1890 .
2. Coiup. Bound-oak, a boundary oak.
Hmp. Wise Nczv Forest (1883) 280 ; Hmp.'
3. A piece of land marked out by small pits, about a foot
deep, in the tin-mines; a hillock.
Cor. Sending a young man on the highest * bound,' or hillock,
Flk-Lore JiH. (1886) IV. 221; Cor.' s.v. Friday-in-lide ; Cor.''
Hence Bounder, sb. the holder of a tin-bound or parcel
of land in the tin-mines. Cor.*
4. In phr. there's no bounds, expressing uncertainty, no
knowing.
Ken. (H M.) ; ' You can't tell, there's no bounds on it,' said of a
thijig about which it is not possible to judge (U.W. L.) ; Ken.'
There ain't no bounds to him, he's here, there, and everywhere.
Sur.' Ihere's no bounds to where he'll be got by this time.
Wil. It may rain all day long, 'there's no bounds.' I may go to
fair, no bounds, Jefferies Hdgrw. (1889, 188.
5. Limits of the body, size.
Ayr. The bairns have but sma' bounds— they are spare i' the
build, Johnston Kihtinllie (1891) I. 51. n.Yks. She's in vany
greeat boonz [of a corpulent woman] (I.W.) ; n.Yks.* It's i' neea
great bounds.
6. V. To enclose, limit. Nhb.'
Hence Bound-road, :b. a fenced road.
Sc. Grose (1790) MS. add. (,C.)
[1. Roaming clean through the bounds of Asia, Shaks.
Com. Err. i. i. 134 ; There's nothing situate under heaven's
eye But hath his bound, in earth, in sea, in sky, ib. 11. i. 17.]
BOUND, pp. Var. dial, and colloq. uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Written bun e.Yks.' w.Yks.' Stf.* Der.» sw.Lin.'
1. Under obligations; having entered into a contract;
having given security for the debts or appearance of
another ; apprenticed.
w.Yks. Bein bun for a friend, an he tells j'o az soon az yov dun
it at he duzzant mean ta be bun ta pay, To.m Treddlehoyle
Bairn^la Ann. (1861) 12. Chs.', Stf.*, War.3, Nhp.' sw.Lin.' If
any onc'll be bun for / 20.
2. Under compulsion, moral or otherwise ; obliged.
n.Yks. ' Div 'ee think at hell stand til it '—Aye, he's boun t'dee't,
noo, onnyways. You'll never do such a thing as that, Joseph' —
Ah wadn't wivoot Ah wur bound; n.Yks.* w.Yks. He wor bahn
to do it or die, Yksman. XXXVI. 522. Str.', Not.', Hif.* Som. I
shall be bound to take ee for pity's sake, Raymond Sam andSabina
(,1894! 50.
3. Sure, certain.
Gall. It was bound to be something pressing, CROCKETr Bog-
Myrtle (1895) 373. Stf.* Oil bi bun if i anor gon an tein moi at,
an na oisi av tak izn. Not' Ah'll be bound yer'll go. n.Lin.' He s
bound to get on, he's alus at his wark. He's bound to kill liisscn
if he gciis on drinkin' e' this how. sw.Lin.' The medicine's bound
to be used. Hrf.' He is bound to be there. Mid. He is bound to
have a good stock now, after all the long frost and snow, Bi.ack-
MORE A'i/i,i89o') II. vii.
4. In phr. I'll be bound for it or you, I will answer for it.
Yks. Aye, III be bun for ye. When ye get agate ye're alus a
bit out o' your head.TAYioR Miss Miles (1890) xiv. e.Yks.' Ah 11
be bun fo't he'll rue weddin that lass. w.Yks.* He's drukkcii
agean, al be bun for't. Lan. Theaw's a good idea, aw U be bun
for't, Staton Loomiiiary ' c. 1861J 13. Dei.'
5. Determined, resolved.
N.I.' He's boun' to do it. n.Yks.* w.Yks.' Shoo's bun a going.
Oxf.' I be bound to duut, MS. add.
[1. For the which . . . Antonio shall be bound, Shaks.
M. Ven. I. iii. 5. 2. I am not bound to please thee with
my answers, ib iv. i. 65. 4. I dare be bound he's true, ib.
Cynih. IV. iii. 18.]
BOUNDER, 5i.' and v.^ Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lin. Also
written boonder Nhb.' [tundair).]
1. sb. Obsol. or ois. A boundary, limit, landmark.
n.Cy. I've lost the key o' the Bounders An' I'm ruined for evcr-
mair, Henderson Flk-Lore (1879^ vii, Nhb.' Cum. The Bounder
of this manner beginneth at Leversdalc, Hijtcihsson HhI. Cum.
(1794) I. lao; Cum.' n.Yks.' Bounders or limils of the .said
manor, Pcranib. of Danly Manor {1577) ; n.Yks.* e.Yks. Such
heads and balkes as part two fields, and are bounders betwixt
two severall lordshipps. Best Riir. Eton. (1641) ii8. m.Yka.'
w.Yks. 1671. Apr. 13. Spent [when] wee viewed Bounders,
£00. 00. 06, Ace. Bradford Prsh. Cliwardens ; w.Yks.', n.Lin.'
2. Co;;//>. (1) Bounder-mark ; (2) -stone; (3I -stoop, an
upright stone, post, &c., serving to mark the boundary.
(ij n.Yks.' The exact distance between each bounder niarK and
other, Peramb. Danby (16661 ; n.Yks.* (,2, 3 n.Yks.'*
3. V. To limit, set boundaries to; /ii;. to control, keep
within bounds.
Rxb. (Jam.) Nhb.' Ye mun boonder j'orsel. Here, Maiy,
help me wi' this jam ; it canna be boondered.
Hence Boundered, pp. fenced or enclosed with a
boundary.
n.YKs. Still used (T.S.); n.Yks.*
[I. This great conquerour had purposed to have
subdued all Asia and to have made the sea the onely
bounder of his empire, Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 76.
Der. of ME. boundc, to bound, to limit, in Chaucek.
Astrolabe, 11. 39. See Bound, sb.]
BOUNDER, v.'^ and s6.* Yks. [bu'nd3(r).]
1. V. To bounce, make rebound.
n.Yks.* m.Yks.' Don't lling it — bounder it.
Hence Boundered, //i. rebounded, bounced. n.Yks.*
2. sb. A heavy blow, the impact of a weighty substance
on a solid surface.
n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.* It fell with a great bounder.
[Bound (to leap) -1- -er, freq. sufi'.]
BOUNDSY, adj. and sb. Yks. [bii'nsi.]
1. adj. Of large circumference, as a lady in a crinoline.
n.Yks.2
2. sb. A person stout and unusually active in walking.
m.Yks.'
BOUNTIFUL, adj. Hrf.* [beuntifl.] Of a person :
looking fat and well.
B0UNTITH,i6. Obs. Sc. Also written bounteth (Jam.).
[bii'ntif'.] A bounty, reward for service ; esp. a lee given
to servants in addition to their wages.
Sc. Vou have cheated that poor servant wench out of her half-
year's fee and bountith, Scott Antn/iiary (^1816) i. n.Sc. He will
not away from us without his bountilii. Miller Sienesand Leg. (,ed.
1853') xi.
[He brings with him a damsell for a bountie (v.r.
bountith, ed. 1614) to Thais, Bernard Terence (1629I 110;
■fhys is the bontay (v.r. bounteth, ed. 1553) thai sal beir
away, Douglas Eueados (1513), ed. 1874, iv. 120 : Bountith
askis rewaide, York Plays (c. 1400) 122. OFr. bontet
(mod. bonle), goodness, bounty; cp. ME. caritep, in
Orinulum, 3008, the same as Norm. Fr. caritet, charity.]
BOUN-TREE, s6. Sc. Nhb. Also written boon-tree,
bountry Nhb.' [bii'n-tri.]
1. The elder-tree, Sambucus niffra. See Bour-tree.
Sc. (Jam.) Nhb.' In some districts the tree is known as the
bown tree, which means the sacred tree, Brockie Legends, 114.
BOUR
[360]
BOUR-TREE
(3) Nhb.i
1ouIaCH^°*> and .. Sc. Also u-.Ute,. boorick,
bowrock (J AM.), bouroch, burrach. [burax, bur^x ]
I sb. A mound, a heap of stones ; a kno^L
Sc. About this bit b°-°^k . Ij;"'^^,f;„^'^f3jn, take care
irnrr^'do^n^rhat^^boulocr^f cUu^cu/stanes. Fk.s.k
IVhaiips (1895) 1. . ,
M f:^t!t^:^^y orHy'^es as is b.denso.e to tbe
wearer is called a bourach of claise (Jam.).
's Aly ^efs t„"b"o?'rachtowr -my ground, F.ucussoK Poe^s
Clamln bou/achs up the stairs. Grant ^-^y^^^^^J^,^ ^^^
4 A hut of loose stones, a hovel ; a shepherd s nut.
^"s'/well^'Jever big sandy bowrocks together, Ramsay Prov.
(^76)^5 (Jam. " Gall. Sh^ went to hide in some bosk bouroch.
Crockz-tt Moss- Hags (iSgs I ^. mass- to
6. V. To crowd together confusedly or in a mass , 10
enclose. dwelling she began to draw,
Th"af wai^"\urrh'd''rounr:bout wUh trees, Ross He,,.o.
^'BOukl'cH";*^ Sc. Irel. Also written borrach
"^si^r Um"v ™rosb (1790) MS. add. (C.) Ldd. The borough is
IIIL tT/bl wee^n'r iusid?:nha:e and the rope ^.P-WO-
Toltl. bm>a.h, cow-fetter; bo, a cow + W^, a tie, a
binding cp. Mir. drach, a contract (Macbain).]
ROITRACK sb S. & Ork.i A name for cattle.
bSu^?^6 Ois. Yks. A sink or common sewer.
^'^onnuTiFF sA Sc The spotted whistle-fish.
f°Sl! vulfans Rondeletti ; "our fishers call it the bourbee,
^-^^^ill^'^^:T\ & Ork.^ An importunate,
^■"B°o£l^"l):ldl'"6.s. sc. Nhb.
\j^-BlurdT^i!'he!-°jHfme. nor mine honour, Rav P.O. (1678)
o6^.- ?hey th turd with cats maun count upo'scarts, Ramsav
f:;.TS.; Bourd-withbau^^^
wi- sic as he, Ramsay Gmlle Shep. (1723) "<>. '^d. I7«3. "-^y- '
Ntib.l ,, , . ^
s"..^Ther?sToS"f sol woV^ Sen in bourding, H..0..SO.
Prov. (1832) 36.
"scfTo^hi"!' ^our" at the bridegroom, ScoTX A.^i^ua^i^^)
iv ■ A soolh bourd is nae bourd, Ramsay Prov (i737)- "f ^- „
h Sonier, to jest, boord, speak merrily, Cotgr., Key-
nird ye horde and iape with me, for what I sechc fynde
nol c'axton /^o-'-^ t -481 1 37 ; My wit .s greet, tliough
that I bourde and pleyc, Chaucer C. T. c. ^^a. -s. ^ne
ivmn or a bourd, Douglas Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, 11. 7 ;
^"^shulde no bourde on bedde be, P. Plozvman (b.) ix.
,8, Fr. to/.* a jeasl, tale of a Wb i ta.Mr, to bourd
°'iou'iSJ"'/°ffr';:'in. S„r. Wil. Wrii.en bone Hr..
tbSnl An ntermiueot stream; a vallej between he
Salk Jills *%«.. applied to the valley and stream jmntly.
^"/tfme^o'tr'tlirbourn, Bessy, to me, Shaks. i^^i.^.,
..I vHt- I • . wente me to reste Vndur a brod banke,
bTa bo'urne syde, P. Plowman M prol. 8. OE. b.rua,
Jolin xviii. I (Corpus and Lindisf. versionb).]
BO™' f 'C^un™- [Not known to our correspondents.]
SSi^cyfl!L:"'^rSwi;!"L^°nx^:
(JAM.) ij-i- ';^'-> , 1 Yksi^Chs.i^; borteryCum.Wm.;
ToiSy kv?;.- rbo«pyW.Vn,Yk.t;boSr, nevus . ;
buthery e.Yks.i
1 The elder-tree, Sambucus mgm.
kc 'va bdnnd that bourtree-bush at the very moment, Scorr
^ Af riRTQ> liii- Bourtree, bourtree, crooked rung, Ne\er
Mark the garden bloomin lair, r t-ui. u >vi ,' .v,„
crop.t STil Coitars Sunday (1845) 30. Ayr^ Rusthn thro the
rr.=iSSf:?:iir"fs;;;;g^
KCv-'VhbTA branch of The ^common ^Ider, bur-tree or bore-
Kss: Lp icre w^. .h.. »>'. ..-f»>y. aril
Atkinson Jl/oo,/.P<i"^/.C'89i) 104, n.yk8 ne
TcomP (I) Bour-tree-berry, elderberry (2) -gun a
t, .iinfTer see -eun ; ^) -tree, the elder-tree.
Stippl. l,Nov. 21, 1891), e.Yks. n-'-^ (SHB.) Lan.> It
bortri gun ^W S. % (3) ""t^L^'i^i^TTo invite rfends to take
used to be the custom [at Lancaster to mv
S^"c6)n"vrs'.'lw^HS;:^k\t^wTksnte:rda^adcaster.
BOURTRKY
[361]
BOUT
Hrob. not known near Wilsden, Lerds Merc. Siippl. l^Dec. 6, 13,
1890).
[Sambucus is called in English elder or bourtre, Turner
llcibal (1562) 124 ; Hec simibttcns, a bur tre, Nom. (c. 1450)
in Wrighfs Voc. (1884) 716.]
BOURTREY, see Bour-tree.
BOUSE, sb. Nhb. Yks. Stf. Der.
1. Small leaden ore ; ore as it is drawn from the mines,
before being dressed.
Nhb. The local term for ore is bouse, WiinE Norihiimbeilmid
(1859) 46; Nhb.l The bouse, or impure ore, is usually let to the
washers at so much per bing, Macke.n'ZIE Uisl. Nhb. I. 100. Nhb.,
Dur. It is in this state called by the Alston miners, bouse, Forsteu
Section S/ra/n (1821)337. w.Vks.' Stf. At Acton they distinguish
their lead ore into three sorts, the best being called bing, the
middle sort bouse (s. v. Bing) (K.) ; Stf.'
2. Comp. (i) Bouse-smithem, small ore as it is washed
by the sieve ; (2) -team, a heap of ore ' teamed ' or emptied
from a cart.
(i) w.Yks.' (2) Nhb.i Long rows of bouse-teams and bing-
steads on each side, To.mlin'so.n Guide to Nhb. 160.
3. The bank on each side of a vein of lead ore.
Der. Each miner went to work and . . . loosened. .the ore and
spar and threw the latter into a bank or ridge of their vestry or
bowse on each side of the vein, Marshall Revieiv (1814) IV. 1 10.
BOUSE, see Boose, Booze.
BOUSEN, see Boosing.
BOUSHTY, sb. Sc. [tu-Jti.] A bed. Also used
attrib. See Buisty.
n.Sc. Cum 3'er wa's. my wee dawtie, an a'll pit ye t'yir bonnie
bushtie ba W.G.). Abd. iJam.,' ; See you grace my boushty nook
To had me cozy, Shirrefs Foetus ^1790) 357.
BOUSY, adj.^ Sc. Nhb. Also written boozy Sc.
(Jam.) ; towzy Nhb.' [biizi.] Covered with bushes,
wooded ; bushy, hairy.
Slk, By a little bousy lain, Hogg Mount. Bard, Sandy Tod, st. 3.
Rxb., Gall. A branch or tree that is rich in foliage is said to have
a boozy top (Jam."). Kcb. And to the sun in drowsy mood spreads
out His boozy tail, Davidson Seasons 1789) 3 ; Ilk heifer . . .
licks down thy boozy lisk, ib. 47. Nlib.'
BOUSY, adj.^ Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Glo. Oxf Brks.
Also written boosy Cum.: boozy Sc. (jam) Nhb.';
touzy Sc. (Jam.); bowsy Sc. (Jam.) n.Yks.' Glo.' Oxf '
Brks.'; bowzyNhb.' [bu zi, beuzi.] Bulky, full-bodied,
stout, plump.
Sc. A plump strong-made child is called a boozy creature
(Jam.). Nhb.' Cum. An' down his boosv burden fell, biAGG Mi^e.
Poems (1805) 116; (M.P.i n.Yks.' 2," Glo.' Oxf.' .1/5. add.
Brks. {Coll. L.L.B.) ; Brks.'
Hence (i) Bouzykited, adj. big-bellied ; (2) -like, adj.
having the appearance of distension or size.
(i) n.Yks.2 (2) Lth. It is said of a pregnant woman that she is
grown boozy-like (Jam.),
[Cp. G. baiisclug, 'schwellend,' also baiisig; baitscheit,
'sich anschwellend ausdehnen,' also baiisen (Sa.kdev.s) \
Bavar. dial, baiisclien (Schmeller). MHG. bus, ' schwel-
lende fiille ' (Lexer).]
BOUT, si.' and v} Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel, and Eng.
Also in forms baat e.Lan.'; baht Yks.; beawt e.Lan.' ;
boot Nhb.' Cum.' Wm.' ; about Suf
1. sb. In ploughing or sowing, the length of a furrow and
back again.
n.Sc. Taking one furrow for every bout, as it is called, or every
two turns with the plough. Agric. Sttrv, Inv. 124 (Jam.V Frf.
Stlthens Farin Bk. i^ed. 18491 I. i56. Cum.', e.Yks.', Chs.'
s.Chs. I think we'n go another bait (T.D. ). Stf. i C.S.B.i, nw.Der.',
Lei;' Nhp.' The ploughman went ten bouts before dinner. w.Wor.',
s.Wor.', se.Wor.' Shr. Place the potaloe sets and then plough
a bout upon them, Marshall Review ^I8I8) II. 244; Shr.' The
number of bouts to a ' but ' varies according to the nature of the
soil; Shr.», Hrf. (,\V.W.S.", Glo.', Oxf.' MS. add. Hrt. Little
ridges, composed of two bouts, Ellis Mod. Umb. (1750) I. i.
e.An.' Nrf. The labourers considered it unlucky to miss a 'bout"
in corn or seed sowing, Clyde Garl. 11872) i; Nrf.' Suf.
(C.T.) ; Four bouts to a yard means that the plough turns over nine
inches in width in each furrow, Rainuird --Igiic. (i8ig) 289, ed.
1849 ; I have just ploughed twenty abouts without resting (,1'".H.) ;
vol., I,
Suf.' Ess. Many fallows on the two-bout ridge for barley and
wheat. Young Agiic. 1 1807) I. 29. Cor.*
2. Coiiip. (i) Bout-lands, (2) .ridges, the ridges formed
by ploughing, ready for the seed.
(i) Hrt. We sow the thctcli seed in two boutlands, Ellis Mod.
Hiisb. (1750) I. i, (2) Shr. Plough a wheat fallow in two, three, or
even four bout-ridges, Marsiiai l Review (1818) II. 244.
3. The extent of ground mown by a labourer moving
straight down the field.
Sc. That rake'll tak in your hale bout. Corn or hay, when cut by
the scythe, and lying in rows, is said to be lying in tlic bout Jam. ).
Hence Boutgang, Boutgate, Bouting, sb. the space
gone over or the work done with one sharpening ol the
scythe. (Jam. Siippl.)
4. A circuit round a district or place ; a course or round
in knitting stockings.
Stf.2 Nai bi keorful, Sali, di?ust put JirCi muor bauts on, on Sen
bigin to naror. Lets run sr baulors raind bildinz. Wcin av Jrfii
bauts an sei u winz Shr.' Ou bin 'ee gettin' on 00th thatstockin' ?
— I'm at the quirk OOthin a bout or two. Oxf.'
5. A quantity of thread, &c., wound on a clew while the
clew is held in the same position ; threads of the warp
taken from the edge of a web of yarn, and used as cord.
Sc. Jam.) s.Don. Simmons Gt. viSgoV
6. A period of time, occasion ; a day's work.
Cum. A3', it'll sarve its turn this bout, Linton Lake Cy. (1864)
298. Wm.' w.Yks. That wer' a long bout of wet weather'J.r.\
Lan. I'll trust no moor to noather carts nor waggins this beawt,
Waugii S»;oiff(/-i(/>, vi. Lei.' Not this bout. Ken. P.M.) ; Ken.'
In Sus. itanswers to a ' d.iy's work,' but in e.Ken. it is more olten
applied to a period of hard work or of sickness. Sus.' I shan't do
it this bout [I shall not finish to-day].
7. A turn, trial, attempt ; a round at a game, prize-
fighting, &c.
Dur.' Cum. Thou's to wait for thy bout, Dickinson Ctnnbr.
(18761 240 ; Cum.' Let him have a boot at threshin'. Wm.'
Lan. Jim won the first bout, but Tom won every bout after S.W,).
e.Lan.' Rut.' You have a try, Mr. N. — Not this bout, thank vou.
s.War.' se.Wor.' A * bout ' at backsword corresponds with a
' round ' at boxing. Shr.^, Glo. i^A.B.i Brks.' ' Bout ' is called out
by one of the combatants at backswording as a notice that the
round is ended. Ken.'
8. A contest, encounter; a struggle, difficult business.
Lth. Our city wa's, wi' jetts sae stout, . . . saved our sires frae
mony a bout C southern foe, Ballantine Pofiiisf 1856 8, N.Cy.'
Nhb. And in all their angling bouts, Coqiietdale Sngs. V1852) 47;
Nhb.' Cum. I'll tell ye how an' why This parlish bout began, Stagc
Misc. Focnts (1805) 2 ; Ah bed a gay boot wid it afoor Ah gat it
deun (J.D.). n.Yks.^ A heavy bout, or a sad bout, difficult or
serious work. w.Yks. Sich a baht wi him to get it done. Banks
IVkJld. ll'ds. (1865I; w.Yks.2; w.Yks.^ A man has had 'a sad
bout ' with another man in trj'ing to persuade him to cooperate
in some undertaking. Lan. I had a terrible bout with him and he
wouldn't give in to what I said .S.W.). Not J.H.B.), n.Lin.',
Shr.2 Nrf. They thrcatned to have a bout with the Organs upon
Shrove Tuesday, True News from Noruiih (,1641) m Aniiq. Misc.
IL pt, ii. 385.
9. A merry-making, 'spree'; an entertainment, party.
Cum. Or neet we's hae a hearty bout, Gilpin Sngs. (1866)
IVorton Wedding. n.Yks.2 A brave jolly bout. w.Yks.' We'll
have a merry bout. Lan. A dainty allowed at th' close uv every
porritch-eitin beawt, Staton B. Shuttle Bowliin, 4. Chs.'*, Elf.',
Nhp.'^ Shr ' They'd'n a big bout at the uvver 'ousc las' wik.
10. An attack of illness, &c.; a fit of drunkenness.
Nhb.' O hinny, aa'vc sic boots i' me heed. Dur.' n.Yks. He's
had a badly [sick] boot JW.II.) ; n.Yks.2 e.Yks ' Ah was tccan
badly last Thosday week an Ah'vc had a bad bout on't. w.Yks.
Brandy browt fowk raand When they'd sich bahts as thame,
Presion Poems (1864) 21 ; He's on a drinking bout (J.T. ; Yo
kno'n second bahts is war nor't furst. Bvwater Sheffield Dial.
(1839) 120; w.Yks.2 ; w.Yks.* A drukkcn bout. CUs.'3 Stf.*
Nu sar, oi darn.i gu tsapil ; it giz mi d baut 0 kofin os SDun az oi
get insoid. Not.' n.Lin.' He's hed a bad bowt this time ; we
thoht noht bud he wo'd dec. Lei. Ther fad-bur 'az u mcni bad
bae uotz C.E. i ; Lei.' Nhp.'^ He's had a sad bout. War.*, s.Wor.'
Shr.' John's ... 'ad a bad bout on it ; 'e's bin o' the box three
months [dependent on the sick clubl. Hnt. (.T.P F.) Ken.' Poor
chap, he's had a long bout of it. [Such a man is got in his boots
= has been at a drink ng bout. Kennltt Far. Aniiq. (1695 .]
3 A
BOUT
[362]
BOW
11. A measure of lead ore consisting of 24 ' dishes.'
Wm.' 32 'bouts ' make a' take-up,' which represents the amount
of mineral supposed to be got in a miner's day.
12. V. To malve a ridge of earth with a plough, cic.
Hrt. He bouted it up with the same plough, Ellis Mor/. Husb.
(1750) I. i. Shr.i To bout up is to ridge ground for turnips. Hrf.
(W.W.S.)
Hence (i) Bouting, vbl. sb. land ploughed into ridges
or furrows ; (2) Boutingplough, sb. a plough used in pre-
paring land for turnips, &c.
(i) Hrt. Two boutings are better than one four-thoroughing,
Ellis Mod. Husb. (1750) III. i. (2) Bdf. (J.W.B.)
[1. They make not past two or three bouts in a land,
and as many ridges, Holland Pliny (1601) bk. xvin. xviii,
ed. 1634, I- 578- ^- ^ '"^'^ "°' '° fetch any bouts where
there is a nearer way, Adams IVks. (c. 1600) H. 14 (Dav.).
8. Damsel, I'll have a bout with you again, Shaks. i Hen.
VI, III. ii. 56. The same word as boiigitt (sb.'), q.v.]
BOUT, v.'^ and sb.^ Sc. Also written bowt (Jam.).
1. V. To spring, leap, jump. Cf. bolt.
Sc. fjAM.) Abd. Her lieart was sair ; Out at her mou' it just
was like to bout, Ross HeUnore (17681 22, ed. 1813.
2. sb. A sudden jerk, a spring; a hasty entrance or
departure. (Jam.)
[The same as lit. E. bolt (to spring, move suddenly).]
BOUT, sb.^ Obs. Glo. A rabbit-hole.
Glo. ('W.H.O; In use 40 years ago, but not known now
(H S.H.) ; Glo.i
BOUT, sb.* Dur. A ' level.'
Dur. Gibson Up Weardale Gl. (1870).
BOUT, prep, and cotij. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Not. Lin.
Lei. Also written baat w.Yks.^e.Lan.'; bahtChs.'; bart
w.Yks.*; bawtw.Yks.^*; beawt Lan.Chs.'; be-out n. Yks.'
Not.' Lei.' ; bight Chs.' ; bowt Chs.' s.Chs.'
1. prep. Without, destitute of, apart from. See But.
n.Yks. Her said ef her lived . . . He'd nivver be be-out a box o' mah
pills, Clevel. Sword Dance., Leeds Merc. Siippl. (Sept. 19, 1891) ;
n.Yks.' w.Yks. He's beawt shoon an' beawt hat { D. L.^ ; Hathe-
clifi' has sent me for his lad, and I munn't goa back 'bout him,
Bronte Wtithering Hciglils (iS^-j) yiXvi ; w.Yks.' Touch nou a cat
bout gloves; w.Yks.'' Way, thah ma go baht it; w.Yks.^";
w.Yks.^ Noan on us is bart a fault. Lan. I shouldno' be lung
bout a mother, Brierley Cast upon World 1 1886) 23 ; Knee
breeches were kept on beawt braces, Collins Poetns (1859) 6.
e.Lan.', m.Lan.' Clis. I ud put 'em i' his poke baht sayingk owt,
Clough B. Bresskittle (1879) 14; Bailey (1721); Chs.' If we
wanten eawt and conna pay, we done bight ; Ctis.^ F.Chs.' Ahy
wu:nu taak' ton buwt tiadh-ur [I wunna tak ton bowt tother]. Der.
He can bring a calvin cow through beawt ony o' their meddlin,
Ward David Giieve ! 1892I I. vi ; Der.'*, nw.Der.' Not. 1 J.H B.) ;
Not.' n.Lin.' He was soa scar'd he run awaay beoot his coat an'
waais-coat. Lei.'
2. conj. Unless, except.
w.Yks. This really belongs to our neighbour the County Palatine,
and is only a border word, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Aug. 22, 1891).
Lan. Besides, aw couldno, bout aw'd bin towd 'at Sam were
well. DoHERTY A'. /J<Jr/o» ; 1884! 46 ; 1 didno' care a tinker's blessin
for Kesmas, beaut we could howd it up same as other folk, .,46-0'///'
Yale Xmas Dinner (1886; 6 ; Lan.' s.Chs.' I wunna go bait yo'n
come wi' me. n,Lm.' I can't goa beoot you lend me a herse to
ride on.
3. In phr. (i) to be bout, as Barrow was, to be without ;
(2) bout's bare, but it's yeasy, he that is without money is
bare, but it is safe travelling; (3) belter bad than bout,
better to be badly off than to have nothing ; (4) bout wit,
a fool, without sense.
I 1 1 CliB. Ray Prov. (1678! 66 ; A'. & Q. (1852) ist S. vi. 386.
(2"! Lan. Hakland & Wilkinson Leg. (1873) 202. (3) Chs.* Prov.
' Better bad than bout.' said by a woman urged to quit a bad
husband. (4) Lan. Will ta howd thi din, tha greyt beawt wit,
Lahee Owd Yem, 21 ; In common use S.W.).
[Bout ony buske, Wars Alex. (c. 1450) 1340 (Dublin
MS. I; Schip boute mast, boute anker or ore, /(';/;. Pal.
(c. 1350) 567 ; Arthur woldc lihte boute eni cniht, Lajamon
(c. 1275) 23676. OE. biitan (bfita), outside of, also be-
■ titan.]
. BOUTEFEU, sb. Obs. Sc. An incendiary.
Sc. If the Scottish commissioners proved boutefeus in the
business . . . they have to answer to God for it, Gutiiry Memoirs
(1747) 113 (Jam.).
[A very boutefeu. Bacon Henry VII (1622), ed. Lumby,
66. Fr. boule-feti, a boutefeu, a wilful firer of houses, also
a firebrand of sedition (Cotgr.).]
BOUTER, sb. Obs. Suf. A side table.
Suf. The female servants at a side table called a bouter, Life of
Crabbe, I. J42, in Glyde New Garl. (1866) 303 ; No longer used,
A'. & Q. (1887) 7th S. iv. 7.
[Bout (outside), see hont, prep. + -er.l
BOUT-GATE, sb. Sc. A circuitous, roundabout road
or way. Also useAJig.
Abd. Made shift by bout gates to put afTthe day, Ross Helenore
(1768J 86, ed. 1812. Fif. Sic droll bout-gates, Sic sma' mean
means, Tennant Papistry (1827) 176.
[Be boutgates alanerlie &. bygates and the ny* seasone
thay cum quhair thay walde be, Dalrymple Leslie's Hist.
Scot. (1596J I. 102. Bout for about+gate (a going), q.v.]
BOUT-HAMMER, sb. e.An. A blacksmith's heavy
two-handed hammer ; a sledge-hammer.
e.An.' Nrf. Here, jist hand me that there bout-hammer (W.R.E.);
Nrf.'
[If my wife scold, my bout-hammer shall roar, Beau-
mont & Fletcher Faithful Friends, IV. v, ed. Dyce, IV.
289. For about-liammer, cp. about-sledge, the largest
hammer employed by smiths ; it is slung round near the
extremity of the handle (Weale).]
BOUTHER, see Boulder.
BOUTIGO, sb. Cor. Also in form bout-a-go, bout-'i-
go Cor.' ; touteygo. A tramp ; a gadabout.
Cor. A seed a poor owld bouteygo goin' "long t'other day,
Hicham Dial. (1866) 17; Cor.' I caan't abear boutigos [pr.
boutshego] coming round the town plaace [the farm-yard J.
[Bout for about + -igo. The suff. is perh. the same as the
-ego (ico) of the Cor. word assinego (q.v.).]
BOUTOCK, sb. Or.I. A square piece of coarse cloth
for covering the shoulders.
Or.L (Jam.) S. & Ork.'
BOUVRAGE, sb. Sc. Drink, beverage.
Sc. It is pilfering from the revenue ... to pay for foreign bou-
vrage, CuHoden Papers (1815) 184 (Jam.).
[OFr. bovrage, drink (Hatzfeld, s.v. breuvage).]
BOUZEN, see Boosing.
BOVISAND SOLDIER, sb. phr. Dev.* The redspur
valerian, Centranthus ruber.
[Bovisand repr. Bovey sand. Bovey is the name of a
parish near Exeter.]
BOW, i^.' Sc. Cum. Yks. Lin. Som. Dev. Cor. Also
written boo Sc. [bii.] To bend, to curve. Also used
Per. We'll bow our houghs and hae a crack, Nicoll Poe^ts
(1837 I 82, ed. 1843. Ayr. I never boo'd an e'e the whole nicht.
Service Dr. Dugtiid {18Q-J j 87. Edb. Duncan was not so bowed
in the intellect as ye imagine, Moir Mansie JVaucli {1828) xviii.
Dmb. It's a band bet ween you and the gentleman, and ye see it isbow'di
awa to the left side, Cross Distuption (1844) xxiii. m.Yks.' Bow*
me that bough. n.Lin.' w.Som.' Muyn yiie doan buvv dhu zuyv-
[take care j'ou do not bend the scythe]. The word 'bend' is
unknown. Dev. Bow that piece of iron, iv.Tintes i^Mar. 12, 1886)
6, col. 4 ; Dav.' n.Dev. Who'th bued thickkay handle? (F.A.A.)
nw.Dev.' Thikky ire's all a bue'd [very much bent].
Hence (i) Bow-bent, adj. stooping with age; (2)
Bowdieleggit, adj. having bow legs ; (3) Bowed, ppl.
ad/, bent, crooked; (4) Bow-houghs, sb. crooked legs;
(5) -houghed, adj. bow-legged; (6) Bowing-chaffs, sb.
distortion of the face by grimaces, &c. ; (7) Bowings or
Bueings, vbl. sb. the joints, esp. the under-part of the knee-
joints ; (8) Bowsie, sb. a term of contempt given to one
who is crooked.
(i~) n.Yks. T'awd man gans bow-bent (LW."). (2) Bnff. (W.G.")
(3) Sc. Many persons are still possessed by the notion that a bowyt
or crooked coin has luckattached to it (Jam. Suppl.). Per. (G.W.)
Ayr. A nint was like a sow-tail, Sae bovv't that night, Burns
Halloween (1785) St. 4. Cor.' A little bowed old man. (4) Abd.
Jam.^ (51 Ayr. She's bow-hough'd. she's hein siiinn'd. Burns
IVillie's Wife, St. 3. Lth. The puir auld brute's bow-hougiied an'
blin', Ballantine Poems (1856) 130. Cum. 1 seed thee last neet
BOW
[363]
BOWDEN
wi" bow-hough'd Peat, Anderson .B<j//<irfs (1805) 105. cd. 1808;
Linton Z-rt/r Cy. (1864'! 298. 1,6) Or.I. (Jam. Siippl.) (7 Dev.
tv.TiiitfS ^Mar. 12, 1886) 6, col 4; Dev.l Cor.'; Cor.* I've got
such pains in my bowings. (8) Dmf. (Jam.)
[The yerde is bet that bowen vvole and windc Than
that that brest, Chauckr Tioilus, i. 257.]
BOW, sb} Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. The arch of a bridge or gateway, an archway.
Sc. Four-andtwcnty bows in the auld brig o'Cal lander, CiiAMDERs
Pup. Rhymes {i&-}o] s^3. yks.(F.M.L.) w.Yks.* The magnificent
archway entrance to a palace, or any arcade attaching thereto,
would both be bows simply, though they might be 'grand bows
fursure.' nXin.', sw.Lin.' Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eiig.
(1825); (J.S.F.S.); W. & J. Gl. (1873'. Dev. He recollected
very well seeing poor George Philp and his high-minded wife
pass under the church-bow. Bray Dfsc. Tantar and Tavy (1836)
III. 150.
2. Comp. (i) Bow-bridge ; (2) -brig, a one-arched bridge,
as distinguished from one formed of planl^s or long stones.
(i) n.Yks.2, w.Yks.i is) Abd. Jam.)
3. An instrument for shooting arrows ; in coiup. (i)
Bow-arrow, a bow and arrow ; (2) -bearer, a forest
official.
{i) s.Chs.' (2) Not. Bow-bearer and Ranger — Lord Byron,
Marshall Review {\&i^) IV. 151.
4. The wooden yoke by which oxen were attached to
the plough, &c. ; the loop in front of the yoke of a harrow,
to which the drawing-chain is attached.
Abd. (Jam.) s.Pcm. Laws /.i«/f£H.j (1888J 419. Som. (W.F.R.)
Cor.3
5. A fiddler, a player.
Rnf. Few bows wi' my ain guidman Could play strathspey or
reel, Young Pictures (1865 , 14. Kcd. Three bows fae well-accordit
strings Drew nae uncertain soun'. Grant Lays (1884) 63.
6. The lower lip when it hangs down pettishly. e.Lan.'
7. A willow twig bent in the form of a crescent to which
a fishing-net is fastened.
Lin. Still ill use, but now ^f«. made of iron instead of willow
(J.C.W.). n.Lin.i
8. A piece of cap-wire used to make the border of a
woman's cap stand out.
Lin. Still in use but not common, as these large caps are only
worn by a few old women (J.C.W.\ n.Lin.'
9. An old-fashioned high fire-guard.
War.^ Have you put the bow round the fire in the children's
room? Shr.' Rings usually encircle the top rod of the bow for the
children to play with.
10. The semi-circular handle of a pail, &c. In //. the
hoops on which the tilt of a wagon or cart is supported.
Kcd. Tradition says, into this pot A golden vessel lies; And Mil-
town once did see the bow, Jamie Muse (1844) 23. n.Yks.',
n.Lla.l
H. Comp. (i) Bow-kite, a large can with a cover ; (2)
•skep, a coarse bowl-shaped basket with a bowed handle.
(I) Yks. Grose (17901 MS. add. 12} n.Yks.'
12. The handle of a key, scissors, &c.
w.Yks. fC.V.C.) n.Lin.' For mendinge the bowe of the church
dore key iiij-i, Lotilh CIniich Ace. (1628) IV. 35. sw.Lin.'
13. A piece of wood used to hinder a pig, Sac, from
getting through a hedge.
n.Yks. We mun put a bow on t'pig (I.W.).
14. pi. Obsol. Sugar-tongs.
Sc Existing only in the recollection of old people (JAM.^.
15. The antler or point which grows from the front of
a stag's horn, nearest to the head.
w.Som.' A warrantable stag has bow, bay, and tray antlers, Rcc.
n.Dev. Staghoiiuds, 9.
16. Coinp. Bow-saw, a thin fret-saw, fixed in a frame
with semi-circular handle. (Jam.)
17. In phr. (i) to go over or through the bows, to behave
in a disorderly manner, to go beyond bounds ; (2) to
bring tip to one's own boiv, to bring up in one's own
methods and habits; (3) to lake through the bows, to call
to a severe reckoning ; (4) to err on the bow-hand, to fail in
a design.
(i) Bnff.' He's fairly through the bows wee drink. She's gane
a' through the bows wee pride an' ill naiter. Abd. Gin we be
licklyto gac owrc the bows, Alexander Johnny Gibb (1871) xxvii.
(ai Shr.i I'd rather take a young girl as 'ad never been out ;
1 could sooner bring 'er up to my own bow. 3) Abd. Jam )
(4) Sc. I would you would cease your fruitless ofTorts of ser%ing
one, whom there is no chance of ultimately assisting. . . . You have
now erred as far on the bow-hand, Scott Aigel 1822) iv.
[4. As the o.\ hath his bow, sir, the horse his curb, and
the falcon her bells, so man hath his desires, Siiaks. As
You, III. iii.80; His oxen or horses and the geare that
bclongeth to them ; that is to say. bowcs, yokes. Frrz-
iiERBERT Husb. I1534) 14. 12. L'anmau dune clef, the
bow (or upmost part) of a kej-, Cotor.]
BOW, 56.= and i'.» Obsol. Chs.
1. sb. An instrument used in hatting, made of a pole
about 6 feet long, with projecting pieces at each end, over
which is drawn a string of catgut.
Chs.' This was formerly used for opening out and spreading the
materials from which the hat bodies were made. In ' bowing ' the
materials for hat bodies the ' bow ' is taken in the left hand and
the ' bow peg' in the right. The string of catgut is pulled by the
end piece of the bow-peg, and then let go (s.v. TwangX
2. Comp. Bow-peg, a wooden instrument with cross-
pieces at each end, used with the bow in spreading out
the materials of w-hich a hat is made. ib.
3. Obs. A species of flexible ash fixed over a cooper's
lathe, and connected with the treadle, now superseded by
a wheel, ib.
4. V. To use the bow for spreading the materials used
in making hats.
Chs.' [The bodj' maker commenced operations, and for bowing,
basining, boiling, and planking he received in 1805 8s. per dozen,
Hist. Denton Chapel in Chet. Soc. (1855) xxxvii.]
BOW, sb? and v.^ Sc.
1. sb. A buoy. ■
S. & Ork.' Sh.I. (Jam. Siippl.) BnfT.' When a line is shot,
a buoy or bow is attached to each end.
2. Comp. (il Bow-keg, a small keg used as a buoy; (2)
•row, a fishing term : the row from one buoy to another
when a line breaks and the fisherman goes to haul it from
the other end ; (3) -tow, a buoy-rope.
(I) S. & Ork.' ^2) Bnff.' We brook wir line the day, an' we
hid a bow-row. (3) S. & Ork.'
3. The iron which passes through the lead-stone from
which the hooks hang. S. & Ork.'
4. V. To buoy up, to fasten buoys to.
S. &Ork.i Sh.I. (Jam. 5»/>/./.) '
BOW,si.« Sc. Wm. Also written boll(jAM.). S.&Ork.'
1. A house, a dwelling ; cattle-fold.
Or.I. The principal farm house on an estate is in a great many
instances called the boll or how ' Jam.\ Wm. Kit tby- Stephen and
Appleby Monthly Messenger (Apr. 1891).
2. Comp. Bow-man, a cottager, a ploughman.
Or.I. Ihe amount ... a cottager or bollman and his wife can
earn, Stronsay Statist. Ace. xv. 415 (Jam.); Ellis Pronunc. 1,1885)
798. S. & Ork.'
Hence (i) Bower, sb. the manager of a dairy farm ; (2)
Bowing, vbl. sb. a small holding or lease of a farm in grass,
with the live stock on it ; the care of a dairy. Cf. booin.
(I) Ayr. Left her there wi' the bouar's wife, Service Notandnnis
(1890) 103 ; Jamie bode wi' the bower, Johnston A'i/«ia//i>(i89i)
I. 38. (2; Sc. The ' bower' of the present time, whose holding is
called a 'bowing,' A'. & Q. (1873') 4th S. xii. 337 ; Morton Cyclo.
Agric. (1863% Ayr. They might get the bowing of some small
farm, Johnston Glenbitckie (i88gi 214.
[Norw. dial, bol, an abode (very freq. in local names)
(Aasen) ; ON. bol.]
BOW, see Bo, Boar, Boll.
BOW-BELLS, sb. pi. w.Wor.' The wood anemone,
Anemone nemorosa.
BOWD, see Boud.
BOWDEN, V. Sc. Also in form bouden. [boudan.]
1. Of cattle, &c., after eating too much grass : to swell.
Bnff.'
2. Fig. To swell with wrath, anger, courage, &c.
Sc. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) Abd. An' bein' boudcn'd up
wi wraith, Forbes Ajax (1742^ 3.
[Suddanlie The fluide boldnit, Douglas Eneados ^1513),
ed. 1874, II. 52; About the wall thair ran ane water void,
3 Aa
BOWDEN
[364]
BOWIE
. . . Boldning to ryis the castell to confound, Douglas
Kin^ Hayt (c. 1510), ed. 1874, i. 88. Boldne is a Sc. form
of SlE. bolnen, to swell. Timtco, to bolynyn, Cath. Angl.
ON. bolgiia, to swell ; cp. Da. bolne.]
BOWDEN, pp. Sc. [boudan.] Swollen. CLbown, pp.
Abd. And her breast With wae was bowden, Ross HeUnore
(1768) 65, ed. 1812.
Hence Bowden, ppl. adj. swollen, heavy.
Abd. The bowden clouds they brak, ib. 80.
[Bowels bowden with bruised blude, Montgomerie
Flyting (c. 1580), ed. Cranstoun, 78 ; My breist . . . bowdyn
wes sa huge, Dunbar The Tita Mariit (c. 1500), ed. Small,
II. 41. In Dalrvmple Leslie's Hi'sl. Scot. (1596) there
occurs the form ' bowdin ' (I. 32) as well as the older
form ' boldne ' (II. 256). Bolden is a Sc. form of ME. bollcn,
swollen. Cogn. w. ME. bolieii (OE. bolgeit), pp. of OE.
belgaii, to swell.]
BOWDY, sb. Nhb. [Not known to our correspondents.]
A large wooden bowl.
Nhb. Alhenaeiiiit (May 25, 1895).
BOWDYKITE, sh. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Also in form
bawdykite n.Yks.^; bowdikite N.Cy.' Dur.'; bowley-
kite N.Cy.' [boudi-, bodi-kait.] A term of contempt
or derision applied chiefly to a forward, precocious child ;
a corpulent person. Also used altrib.
n.Cy. GuosE (1790) Suppl. ; N.Cy.' Nhb. Deil smash a good
tune could this bowdy^kite play, Robson Sngs. o/Tvne (jQ^g) 124 ;
Nhb.i The term is always applied to a male. He's just a bowdy-
kite lad. Dur.', n.Yks.'* ne.Yks.i In rare use. Thoo bowdykite ;
cum oot o' t'rooad. e.Yks. Off he set, as hahd as ivver his bowdy-
kite legs wad carry him, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889)33; e.Yks.',
m.Yks.', w.Yks.s
BOWEL, 5*. Sc. Nhb. Not. In coiitp. (i) Bowel-
fever, typhoid fever ; (2) -hive, inflammation of the
bowels; (3) -hive-grass, the lady's mantle or parsley
piert, Akheiiiilla arvensis.
(I) s.Not. (J.P.K.) (a) Sc. The disease, called by mothers and
nurses in Scotland, the bowel hive, is a dangerous inflammatory
bilious disorder, Curtis 7l/f(/<Va/Ois. 187 (Jam. ); N. &^Q. (1858) 2nd
S. V. 266. Inv. (H.E.F.) Ayr. Ane of the weans had the bowel-
hyves, Service Dr. Diigiiid (1887) 121. (3) Sc. In some parts the
Alchemilla arvensis, or field ladie's mantle, is called bowel hivegrass,
because it is said to be an efficient remedy in the bowel hive
of children, &c., N. if Q. (1858) 2nd S. v. 266. Nhb,>
BO WEN, see Boyne.
BOWENS, sb. Cum.' Written booin. 1. Sciiecio
jacobaea, ragwort. 2. S. vulgaris, groundsel. Cf bow-
locks.
BOWER, sb} Obsot. or obs. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm.
Also written booer Cum.'; boor N.Cy.' Nhb.' Cum.;
bour N.Cy.' [bur, biisr.]
1. An inner room, parlour ; the bedchamber in wliich the
master and mistress sleep.
Sc. And even at my love's hour door, Scott Minstrelsy (1802")
III. 153, ed. 1848. N.Cy,' Nhb. There's a man i' our dochter's bower,
Dixon Sngs. Eng. Peas. (18461 76, ed. 1857 ; Nhb.' The dowager
lady of a house had her own apartment, or bower, separate from
the rest of her son's household. Lakel. Ellwood (1895). Cum.
G11.PIN Sngs. (1866)276; We in the bower git tea, Anderson
Ballads (1805) 118, ed. 1808; Gt. (185O; Cum.' -Wm. The
bower or chamber in which the master or mistress slept, and which
was one third larger than the pantry, Lonsdale Mag. (1823) III.
288 ; Briggs Remains (1825 1 202 ; Wra.l
2. Coiiip. Bower-woman, sb. lady's maid.
Sc. Tibb Tacket, who, in better days, had been her bower-
woman, Scott Monastery (1820) iii.
[A boor, a parlour, a bed-chamber or inner room,
Bailey (1721) ; Bowre, chambyr, thalamus, conclave.
Prompt. ; Ful many a mayde, bright in bour, Chaucer
C. T. B. 1932. OE. brir, an inner room. Cttbiculum, bed
cofa vel bur, i^LFRic (c. 1000) in Wright's Vac. (1884) 124.]
BOWER, 5i.» Obs. Sc. (Jam.) Nhb. A bow-maker.
Nhb.' Wm. Wilde, of Newcastle, bovver, Welford Hist, of
Newc. Xl'I. Cent. 378.
[A bower, arcuarius, Cath. Angl. (1483) ; The bowers
and flecchers, York Myst. (c. 1400) 254.]
EOWERIE, sb. Sus. [Not known to our correspon-
dents.] Lodging, shelter.
Su5. Guv all his brads for brencheese an a bowerie, Jackson
Sontltward Ho (1894) I. 251.
BOWERLY,m//: Som. Dev.Cor. [bo'ali.] Blooming,
comely, well made ; stately, portly, stout.
Sor.i. W. & J. Gt. (1873*. w.Som.' "Not conveying the idea of
coarseness or roughness of the lit. 'burly.* Ee-zubaawurleesoa'urt
uv u mae un [he is a large, portly sort of a man]. Dev.' Her
mother came way her, and a comely bowerly woman her was, as
wan wid wish to zee, 6. n.Dev. Wi' bowerly maids, an vore-right
men. Rock Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 57. s.Dev. A fine bowerly
woman, Fox Kiiigsbndge ( 1874). Cor. Eve's a fine bowerly
maid. Parr Adam and Eve (i88o) xi ; Cor.'^
[He had scene in the citee of Miletus . . . right greate
and bowerly images, Udal Erasin. Apopltth. (1542), ed.
1877, 208 (Dav.).]
BOWER MUGS, sb. pi. Chs.'^ Also in form ba
mugs. Pieces of crockery used as playthings by children.
BOWER-STONE, sb. Hmp. A boundary stone.
Hmp. Wise Neiv Forest ; 1883) 280 ; Hmp.'
BOWERY, sb. Shr."^ e.An.' Also written bowry
e.An.' [bouTi.] A bower or arbour, a shady recess ;
a place ornamented by children with broken glass or
earthenware.
BOWERY, adj. N.Cy.' Nhb.' Plump, buxom, gen.
applied to a young woman in excellent health. Cf.
bowerly.
BOWERY, see Boorey.
BOWET, sb. Sc^ Nhb._Cum. Also written booet,
bouet, buat Sc. [bu'-it, bu -at.] A hand lantern ; Jig.
the moon.
Sc. He muttered a Gaelic curse upon the unseasonable splendour
of MacFarlane's buat, Scott tVaverley (1814) xxxviii ; Servants
moving about the barnyard with their lanterns— we called them
'bowits' in my young days, Whitehead Da/t Davie (18^6 ] 257, ed.
1894. Abd. Bleezin o' licht like a new gless booet, Alexander
Jo/iniiy Gibb (1871) xli. Lth. High she held her bouet gleamin',
Smith 71/o7;y Sxrfn/ (18661 134; John Thamson's gudewife cam
her liege lord to seek, Wi' a bowit that shone like a star, O !
Ballantine Poems (1856) 113. Edb. His horn bovvet glimmering
by his knee, MoiR Mansie IVaiteh (1828) x. n.Cy. Grose (1790)
Siipf't. Nhb.' Cum. The country people call a lanthorn a bowet,
Hutchinson //i'5/. Cum. (1794") II. 354.
[Bowett or lanterne, hicerna, lanlerna. Prompt. Lxicerna
boela, ' lampe allumee que Ton porte, enfermee dans une
cage de verre, lorsqu'on porte le viatique aux malades '
(Ducange). Fr. dial. (Berry) bouete, equiv. of Fr. boite,
see LiTTRE. Cp. Beam boeyte, ' boite ' (Lespy).]
BOWETY, see Bawaty.
BOWFARTS, sb. Sc. In phr. in the boii'farls, lying
on the back and unable to rise.
Enir.' The littlin's i' th' bovvfarts. Help it up, or t'U hurt itsel'.
BOWGE. see Bouge.
BOWGER, see Bouger.
BOWGIE, see Bougie.
BOW-HAUL, V. Wor. Shr. Glo. To tow a vessel by
man-power. s.Wor.', Glo.'
Hence Bow-hauler, or -haulier, sb. a man who by
means of a rope tows or drags a barge along the Severn.
Shr. Bound Prov. (1876); Shr.' Obsot. ' Buo'au'lur' obtains
between Coalport and Buildwas ; 'buo'au'lyur' about Cressage ;
Shr.2
[Boiv (the fore-end of a boat)4-/ifl«/ (to draw with
force).]
BOWIE, sb. Sc. Nhb. [bou-i.]
1. A small barrel or cask with the head taken off";
a tub.
Sc. He sells them to your grandfather, who makes them into
spoons, trenchers, bickers, bowics, and so forth, Scott Old Mor-
tality (1816) Introd. ; He's playin' upo' the drum-heid as gin he was
loupin' in a bowie, Macdonald R. Fatconer (1868) ii. Abd. Bat
set the bossy back again Upon the bowie head, Goodwije 1 1867)
St. 37 ; Astarn o'gweed maut, maskit i'yer nain bowie, Ale.\ander
Jolinny Gi'W (1871) xxx. Kcd. Bowies, cogs, and caups, Grant
Lays (1884") 2. Nhb. The rain-tub — that's the black buwcy,
Harrison Tyneside Sngs. 7.
BOW-JOWLER
[365]
BOWL
2. A wooden vessel made with staves and hoops, for
holding milk, porridge, i!tc.
Sc. The brown four-year-auld"s milk is not seiled j'ct, nor the
bowics put up on the bink, Scott Midlolhiait (18181 xiv; The
hooks and crooks of Lambden Burn Fill thcbowieand fill the kirn,
Chambers Pof>. R/iyiiies 1870; 210. Lnk. To bear the milk-bowic
nae pain was to me, Ramsay Gentle Slicf<. (17251 55. <'d- J783.
Bwk. When the reapers arc assembled round the ' Parritcli Bowie,'
Henderson Pop. Rhymes 1 1856I 97. Nhb.'
Hence Bowieful, ii. the fill of a tub, dish for holding
milk, &c.
Sc. Thar bo\viefu"s o' kail,fu' stranp, NicoL Poems (18051 I- I43-
Slk. Davie brought me a hale bowiet'u' o' milk, Hogg Brownie of
Bodsbeck (1818) II. 45 (Jam.).
3. A bucket for carrying water, with an iron or wooden
semicircular handle. Per. (Jam.)
[Ane gryt waiter pott . . . Ane gryt bowy. Coll. Invent.
(1542) 72 (Jam.).]
BOW-JOWLER, 5*. Cor.i/^ [bau-dgaulafr).] A place
in a fishing-boat through which the footline is hauled.
BOWK, s6.i Yks. Chs. Stf. Der. Shr. Also written
bouk Stf.'^' Der.i Shr.i= [bauk, bouk.]
1. A bucket of ' bend ware ' ; a wooden pail with an
upright handle used in dairy work, &c.
Chs. 'Fill bowk' is a name sometimes given to a good cow, Sheaf
(1879^ I. 237 : Chs.'=3^ s.Chs.i Stf. Ray (1691) MS. add. (J.C. i ;
St'.'; Str^ Not much in use now. Wei dunar yar souk yar
babiz klaits i3 bauk for 3 bit ? Der.' More particularly a thing like
a churn with a lid or cover. Obs. Shr.' Obsol.
2. Coinp. Bowk-stake, a post with arms or branches on
which the ' bowks' are hung upside down.
Stf.2 The bouk stake is still in frequent use on farms, and bears
its old name.
3. A large iron pail or bucket used for carrying and
drawing up water, &c., from mines.
w.Yks. (T.T.) Stf. N. (y Q. (.1875) 5th S. iii. 114. s.Stf. Pin-
nock Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895"); The name of the tub by which the
miners descend and ascend (Weale). Shr.'^
[A mayd . . . who coming from milking fell down with
the bowk on her head and dyed, Henry Diary (1663,
June 15I, ed. 1882, 139 (N.E.D.). OE. bnc, a pitcher
(Judges vii. 20).]
BOWK, s6.2 Wor. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Written bouk Shr.'^
[bouk]
1. The ' box ' or nave of a wheel in which the axle is
inserted.
se.Wor.' s.Wor. It wants a new bit of a bouk to the cart-wheel
(H.K.\ Shr. Bound Prov. (1876) ; Shr.»2, Hrf.2, Glo.'
2. Coinp. Bowk-iron, a circular piece of iron which lines
the interior of a cart- or wagon-wheel. Shr.^
3. An tipright piece of wood, pointed at the lower end,
which falls into the socket of a trough through which the
water from a pond issues, ib.
BOWK, see Boke. ♦
BOW-KAIL, 56. Obsol. Sc. Also written boll- (Jam.
Suppl.). Cabbage. Also used aitnb.
Sc. (Jam.) Per. Heard once, used by an old person (G.W.).
Ayr. Poor hav'rel Will fell afl' the drift, An' wander'd thro' the
bow-kail, Burns Halloween (1785 ) st. 4 ; PoorA\'iliie, wi' his bow-
kail runt, I'A. St. 9. Gall. (A. W.) Kcb. Where Adam and his wife
. . . Did plant their bow-kail, Davidson Seasons (.1789) 7.
BOWKERS, int. Yks. [boukaz.] An exclamation
expressive of slight surprise or wonder.
n.Yks.'* e.Yks. Marshall /?Kr. ffon. (1788) 5h/>/>/. m.Yks.'
Bov/kers me !
IJOWL, sby Sc. Yks. Chs. Shr. limp. I.W. Dor. Som.
Dev. Cor. Also in form bol, bul Cor.^ ; bow- s.Chs.'
1. The large iron pan in which wool is washed before
being carded. w.Yks. (J.T.)
2. Conip. Bowl-minders, the workmen who look after
the bowls in the washliouse. w.Yks. (S.A.B.)
3. In phr. bowl tip, an expression used to show that the
bowl is ready for tlie next washer. w.Yks. (E.W.)
4. An iron ladle witli a long handle used for dipping
water; also a smaller ladle used in the kitchen.
Cor. Thomas Randignl Rhymes (1895) Gl. ; Cor.^
6. Conip. (i) Bowl-dish, a large round basin or dish
made of iron, tin, or coarse earthenware ; a wooden bowl
or dish witli a handle; (2) -man or -woman, a stoneware
merchant, a seller of crockery.
(,1) s.Chs.i Much used in m.nking cheese. Shr.', Hmp.l I.W.';
I.W. 2 His hear cut round as if he'd putt a bowldish on his head.
Dor. (C.V.G. ) w.Som.* Dev. They ... held a bowl-dish on their
heads, that Barber Smith might snip round the brim, so as to leave
not one stray hair longer or shorter than another. Bray Desc.
Tamar and 7'avv (1836) I. 197. (2) Sc. Deep black moss . . . that
Jenny, the tinkler bowlwoman, was lost in one winter. White-
head Diift Davie (1876) 355, ed. 1894. Per. The ' pigman ' or
stoneware merchant is the bowl-man (^G.W.). Ayr. Quite common
(J.F.V
BOWL, si.* Sc. Nhb. War. Som. Cor. Written bool
Sc. Nhb.' Cor.«s [bul]
1. A boy's marble ; the game of marbles.
Abd. See wi' oor ain cen fat wye the bools '11 row, Ai exander
fohmiy Gibb (1871) xviii. Kcd. I played at the ba', and the same
wi' the bool, Jamie Muse (1844) 69. Lnk. We were deeply
engaged in a game of the 'bools.' Fraser IV/ianps i8g$ iii Lth.
Marbles or 'the bools' was entirely a boys' game from the Ring,
Winnie, or Fimnj', with its hail-butt and half-butt, and nae
shorin', and nickle-deid, and 'reislin' bj' j'our nickle set,' to
' Stappie,' 'the Shore,' and other varieties, Strathesk More Bits
(ed. 1885)33. Cor .3
Hence (i)Booler, sb.a large marble used for throwing;
(2) Booley, sb. a very large marble,
(i; Inv. (H.E.F.) (2)Cor.2 3
2. A sniootli round stone used in the game of'boolin'
or bowling (q.v.).
Nhb.i War the bool there ! Harry Wardle's myed a throw,
Allan's Collection, 88 ; Nc lad like him could heave a bool, RousoN
Sitgs. of Tync (1849) 99.
3. The ball used at the game of skittles. War.^, w.Soni.'
4. A boulder ; a pebble.
Cor. As round he was as any bool. Tun. Towser (l873t 54.
w.Cor. There was a bowl in that broke the winder (.M. A.C.J.
Cor.3
5. A round water-worn stone used for paving sidewalks.
Nhb.'
6. In phr. the bowls row right, all goes well, turns out
right.
Sc. Mr. Thamas MacFin, that they say is to marry Miss
Alison, if a' bowls row right, Scott Rob Roy (1817) xx. Lth.
She gloomed at first, but soon confessed The bowls rowed right
amang th' hether, Macneill Poel. H'ks 11801) 215, ed. 1856.
[The same word as lit. E. boivl (in the game of bowls) ;
ME. boiile, a sphere (Stratmann). Fr. boiilc, a sphere;
Lat. bulla.]
BOWL, sb.^ Yks. Lan. Chs. Not. Lin. Lei. War. Wor.
Shr. Written baal e.Lan.' ; bool m.Yks.' [boul, haul ;
w.Yks. bal ; Lan. also bel.] An iron, or wooden, child's
hoop.
m.Yks.l w.Yks. They're none so keen o' lendin' their bowls
fer soomoiie else to bowl (F.P.T.); Common in Wilsden, Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 28, 1891) ; w.Yks.s, e.Lan.'. Chs.', Not.', s.Not.
(J.P.K.), Lin. (R.E.C.), Lei.', War. (J.R.W.), War.= ^ Wor.
(J.W.P.) Shr.i Dunna bring yore bowl o' the causey; goO i' the
lane.
BOWL, T'.' Var. dial, uses in Eng. Written bool
Nhb.'Cum.'e.Yks.' n.Lin.'; boul- Oxf.'
1. To throw a ball in the game of ' bowling ' ; to play at
skittles.
Nhb. Many an hour from sleep he'd steal. To bowl upon the
hill alone, Wilson Pitman's Pay (1843') 7, ed. 1872; Nhb ' Then
ower the moor, an' roond the coarse, yc'll fynd them boolin there.
CoRVAN JVor Tyneside Chantpions. e.Yks.' w.Som.' Aa 1 baewul
dhee vur zik'spuns [I will bowl thee for sixpence]. This is the
ordinary challenge to play at skittles for sixpence a side.
Hence (i) Bowling, -'/;/. sb. a game, which consists in
throwing a stone ball, the winner being he who gets the
' bowl ' over the course in the fewest number of throws ;
(2) -match, sb. the game of bowling played on the higli-
waj's.
^i) Nhb. Ther' was dancin', an' footba's an' boolin' peyst eggs,
RoBSON Ei'a)ti^eline (1870 370. Nhb., Dur. The famous feats done
in their youth. At bowling, ball, and clubby shaw, Wilso.n
Pitman's 'Pay (1843; 4. w.Yks. (J.T.) (2; N.Cy.'
BOWL
[366]
BOWZE
2. To roll along, to trundle a hoop, to wheel a barrow. &c.
Lan. yV. & Q. (1871) 4tli S. viii. 271. e.Yks.l w.Yks. Woa
sud ah see but that joaker baalin a great poark pie, Tom Treddle-
IIOYLE Tnp la Liiiiiiaii (185c) 12. Lan.' Tbeyorder't wheel-barrow
an' they beawlt'nt him away to th' urchon in a crack. Collier
IFis. (1750) /iitioii. 38. s.Chs.' Shr.' An invalid girl was better,
as she had been bowled out in her chair.
Hence (i) Bowler, sb. a child's hoop; (2) Bowling, vbl.
sb. trundling or driving a hoop.
(I) s.Chs.i, Stf.i=, n.Lin.i, Oxf.i (2) w.Yks. Come on a-bahlin'
{JE.B.). Lin. Are you going a bowling! (R. E.C.)
3. To walk with a confident air.
Cum. Hebooltin as bowld as brass, an ah follot, Sargisson _/£>«
Scoap (1881) 165; Cum.' Bool in, lads. s.Chs.' Ey buwlz iip
tuth skwaer, un sez ey [Hey bowls up to th' square ;,squire), and
says hey].
4. To luirry up, to walk or ride very quickly. In gen.
colloq. use.
Nhb. So oft" aw bools intiv the toon, Bagnall Siigs. (c. 1850) 30 ;
Nhb.' From a long row of gingerbread and orange stalls could be
heard some dame crying out lustily, ' Bool up and buy away,'
FoRSTER Hisl. Corbridge (1881) 67. Cum. It's varra aggrivatin'
... to see t'train boolin' off widoot you, Gwordie Greenup
Anuddcr Batch (1873) 6. w.Yks. T'trippers cum bahlin' aht o'
t'carridge doars directly it stops, Hartley Clock Aim. (1874) 19;
w.Yks.* Bowl awaay [lose no time]. Went by muh barling
awaay like a good un. Lan. Owd Boxer wain beawlin past,
Brierley Lay)ock{^&6^) vii. n.Lin.' He's boolin' along at a boniiy
raate. Slang. An outside car which was bowling away from
Rathkelly, Smart Master 0/ Ral/ikelly (j88S) I. x.
5. In phr. (i) lo bozvl off, to die ; (2) — oul, to overcome,
to arrest ; (3) — over, to worst, defeat.
(r) Slang. Bowled on, on my account, bowled off, on his own —
died. Sir, Dickens Pickwick {1837) vii. (2) Lon. At last he was
' bowl'd out ' in the very act of 'nailinga yack ' [stealinga watch],
Mayhew Land. Labour (1851) U. 51, ed. 1861. Slang. When
a thief is ultimately taken, tried, and convicted, he is said to be
bowled out at last, Vaux Flash Diet. (iSia) (Farmer!. (3) ih.
You have bowled me over, and I know I can't get up again, Cornh.
Mag. (1862) (Farmer).
BOWL, j'.2 Sc. To crook. Dmf. (Jam.)
Hence (i) Bowled-like, adj. having the appearance of
being bowed or crooked ; (2) Bool-fit, sb. a crooked,
deformed foot.
( i) Slk. Get away wi' ye ! ye bowled-like shurf, Hogg Brownie of
Bodsbeck {1818 > H. 226 (Jam.). (2) Fif. Ane o' them wi' a bool-fit,
Latto T. Bodkin (1864I xi.
[Harpyis . . . With handis like to bowland birdis clewis,
Douglas Encaiios (1513), ed. 1874, 11. 132. Cogn. w.
boot (sb.).]
BOWLA, sb. Lon. A round tart made of sugar, apple,
and bread.
Lon. Among the regular articles of this street sale are . . .
' bowlas,' Maviiew /.o/irf. Labour (1851) I. 198.
BOWLE, sb. se.Wor.' The bar or beam of a harrow.
See Bull.
BO"WLE, see Boll.
BOWL-EGGED SUNDAY, f>/ir. Cum. Wm. Lan.
Easter Sunday, when eggs boiled hard in dye-water are
bowled in the fields for amusement.
Cum., Wm. Boys beg, on Easter Eve, eggs to play with.
These eggs are hardened by boiling and tinged with the juice of
herbs, broom-flowers, &c. The eggs being thus prepared, the
boys go out and play with them in the fields, rolling them up and
down, like bowls upon the ground, Hyde Ve Ltidis Orientalibus
(1694) 237, trans, in Brand's Pop. Aittiq. (1813) I. 146. Lan.
The custom of rolling eggs on Easter Monday is still quite common
in Preston (S.W.). e.Lan.'
BOWLER, see Boulder.
BOWLEY, sb. Nhb.' A small bowl.
BOWLOCHS, sb. pi. Sc.
1. The ragweed, Seitecio jacobaea. Cf. bowens.
Ayr. Used by old people, but the more common term is ' beau-
weed ' fJ.F.). Wgt. (Jam.)
2. The mugwort, Arleinutia vulgaris.
Wgt. Garden Jl'ork {l8g6) 112.
BOWLY, adj. and sb. Sc. Nhb. Also written boolie
Sc. (Jam.); bowley Nhb.' [bouli, buli.]
1. adj. Crooked, bent. Also in comp. Bowly-backed,
round-shouldered. See Bowl, v.^
Sc. (Jam.) Per. He's a bovvlie-legget boddie. Parritch cures
bowlie shanks (G.W.). Ayr. It was of the goose species, only
with short bowly legs, Galt ^iiH. Parish (1821) xiii ; A wee nakit
scuddyrins oot wi' its bowly legs frae a close, Service A'o/fl«(/i(»)5
(i8go) 74 ; Very common (J.F.). Bwk. Auld boulie-backed Tam,
Henderson Pop. Riiymes (1856) ng. Gall. Obs. (S.R.C.)
2. sb. A term of derision applied to a bow-legged
person.
Per. He's a wee bowlie (G.W.). Dmf. (Jam.)
3. A peculiar mode of locomotion used by cripples.
Nhb.'
BOWMAN, sb. w.Yks.3 [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] The dried moisture of the nostrils.
BOWN,/i/>. and s^i. e.An. [boun.]
1. pp. Swelled, swollen. See Bowden,//.
Nrf. Coles (1677I. Suf.'
2. sb. A swelling, bump, tumour.
e An.i, Nrf. (A.G.F.) [Kennett Par. Antiq. (1695).]
[1. Like to the adder . . . Whom cold winter all bolne
hid vnder ground, Surrey Aeneid (c. 1547) 11. 616; His
knees f)erof were bollen so, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 12685.]
BOWND, pp. Wm. e.An. Written bawnd_e.An.i
Nrf Also in form boonded Wm. [Wm. bvi'ndid.]
Swollen, inflamed.
Wm.T'back ov his hand waso' boonded up (B. K.l. e.An.' Obs.
Nrf. His head is bound, Ray (1691); Sir T. Browne Misc.
Tracts f 1684) VIII ; (K.) Nr.'.' Obs.
[Bolned with bloode, York Plays (c. 1400) 370; pat his
kneis war bolned sua. Cursor M. (c. 1300) 12685 (Gott.
MS.) ; Bolned, pp. of boliie, to swell. Cp. Norw. dial, bolna
(Aasen) ; ON. bolgita (Fritzner).]
BOWOWARTS, sb. pi. Nhb.' Brambles.
[Cp. black-boivours, blackberries, B. & H. Sec Black,
adj. 11. 2 (3).]
BOWSE, see Booze, Bowze.
BOWSEN, see Boosing.
BOWSIE, sb. Sc. Also in form bowse (Jam. Siippl.).
A huge, misshapen, hairy monster used to frighten
children.
Sc. The boocow and the bowsie are the two great horrors of
infancy and earlv childhood (Jam. Snppl.).
BOWSON, see Bauson.
BOWSSEN, V. Obs. Cor. To immerse or duck an
insane person in a holy well.
Cor. If there appeared small amendment he [the madman] was
bowssened againe and againe, Carzw Survey Cornwall {iboa} 123.
Hence Bowssening, //*/. adj.
Holy wells . . . used as bowssening or ducking pools for the
cure of madness, L'Estrange Yachting w.Eng. (1865) 300; In
our forefathers dales . . . there were many bowssening places for
curing of mad men, and amongst the rest, one at Alternunne
called .S. Nunnes poole, Carew Surifey Cornwall (1602) 123.
BOWSTER, see Bolster.
BOWTEN, V. e.Yks.' [boutan.] pp. of la buy. Cf.
boughten, pp.
BOWTHERLY, arf/. Obs. Nhb. Bothersome, trouble-
some.
Nhb.' lie was a bowtherly fallowe, Tomlinson Guide to Noiih-
umberland ( 1888) 281.
BOWWOW, V. and sb. Sc.
1. V. To frighten by barking, to scare ; to be bullied,
cheated.
Ayr. I'll no be bow-wow't out of my shillings ony hoo, Galt
Sir A. Il'vlie {1822) xii ; Commonly used (J. F.).
2. sb. A threat.
Ayr. It's a sore thing for a man to be frightened into his first
marriage by the bow-wow o' a Kirk Session, Galt Lairds (1826)
xviii ; (J.F. )
BOWYNE, see Boyne.
BOW Y-YANKS, sb. pi. n.Lin.' Leather leggings.
BOWZE, V. and sb. Sc. Cum. Also written bouze
Cum. ; bowse Sc. [buz.]
1. 1'. To rush, like the wind ; to gush forth like blood.
Ayr. The siller stour That bowses frae the Wnn, Bal/adsand Sngs.
(1847) II. 12. Cum. Vcyle mosstroopers . . . Bouz'd into Cumber-
BOWZELLY
[367]
BOXTY
land i' swarms, Giipin Sags. fi866^ Auld Lung Seync ; Back to
the barn to swef' Tlicj- bows'd that day, Stagg Misc, Foetus ^1805,)
The /-jtiiA'-tctiin ; Cum.^
2. sb. The recoil of a gust of wind against a wall, ftc.
Cum. The wind did come with a great bowze, Caine Shad. Crime
(1885 112; Cum.' T'wind com wid agertbowzean whcmmalt ma.
BOWZELLY, adj. Sc. Sus.
1. Unkempt, tumbled, tangled, rough. Sus. (F.E.) ;
(F.A.A.)
2. Bushy.
Slk. The bowzelly hair upon his head, Hogg Queer Bk. (1832)
Grousottte Carle.
BOX, sb} and v} Var. dial, usages in Sc. Irel. Eng.
1. sb. A benefit or friendly society possessing a common
'box'; esp. in phr. on the box, drawing funds from the
club or friendly society.
N.Cy.' Nhb.' The excellent arrangements observed in their
[the keelmen's] boxes, or benefit societies. An Impartial Hi^t.
Nfivaille (1801 . Nhb., Dur. Nicholson Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
War.3, s.Wor.', Hrf.=
2. Coinp. (I) Box-club, a primitive form of provident
society, the members of which were assisted from funds
raised by sending round the collecting-box among the
members ; (2) -dinner, the annual dinner held on the dis-
tribution of the funds accumulated in the 'box.'
(i) Chs. Promoting among the labouring classes a spirit of in-
dependence, and encouraging provident societies — boxclubs — for
that purpose, Marshall Review 1818) II. 116. '21 Nhb. Once at
wor box dinner, Gilchrist Sngs. (1824) 5 ; (W.G.)
3. The iron part of a wheel in which the axle works.
w.Som.', Cor.^
4. The lower handle of a sawyer's long pit-saw. See
Hand-box. n.Yks. (I.W.), VVil.'
5. Weaving term : a frame that can be raised at pleasure
at one end of the lathe that holds the dill'erent shuttles.
Chs.'
e. A coffin. Lin., s.Dev. (G.E.D.)
7. A pulpit.
s Chs. Le z u raeT gud mon i th boks [He's a rare good mon
i" th' box] ^TD.).
8. The uterus of a cow or mare.
Wm. iBK.) n.Yks. Meriton Praise Ate (1684) Gl., s.v. Clecn.
9. Coinp. (i) Box-barrow, a wheelbarrow with wooden
sides; a handbarrow ; (2) -bed, a bed having the sides
and top of wood with sliding panels for doors ; a folding
bed ; (3) -drain, a drain in which the stones are carefully
set, so that there may be a regular opening for the water ;
(4I -feeding, the method of leeding sheep in sheds; (5)
-hat, a tall hat; (6) -heater, triangular; shaped like the
heating-iron of a box-iron; (7) -ladder, a kind of rough
staircase used where space is limited, shaped like a ladder
having flat steps, fiat sides, and the back filled in with
wood ; (8) -meat, artificial lood fur cattle, so called because
it is put up in boxes; (9) -organs, the head of a calf or
bullock; (10) -rod, a bore-rod, or bottom rod into which
the chisels, &c., are screwed ; (ii) -wrack, a kind of sea-
weed.
(li N.I.' Box-borra. Hrf. Bound Prov. (i876\ (2') Sc. A
sliding panel . . . opening behind a wooden or box-bed, Scott
l^trale (1822) xxxviii ; There were the queer, high box-beds, the
wag-at the-wa", the plate-rack and the dresser with their shining
array. Swan Gates oj Eden 1 1895) xxi. Lnk. A wooden box-bed,
a clotlies press, . . . were all it contained in the shape of furniture,
Hamilton Poems (1865) 243. Ltti. Her cozy box-bed, and her
well polish'd awmrie, Wi' massy brass handles a' shining sae braw,
Ballantine Poems [ 1856) 47. Nhb. Across the middle of the floor
. . . stood the old-fashioned ' box beds' with sliding doors, Dixon
li'hitt. I'ale 1 1895) 72 ; Nhb.' Formerly a common arrangement in
country houses where room was scanty-. (3) Frf. From the great
abundance of flag-stones in this county, box-drains are often
paved below to prevent moles from choaking them with eartli,
Agiic. Sitrv. (Jam.) (4) Frf. The mode of feeding sheep in sheds
. . . which has obtained the appellation of box-feeding, Stephens
Farm Bk. (1849) I. 223. 51 w.Som.' Aay zeed Jeeunz yuung
mae'un tu chuurch — un ee-d u-gaut au'n u i)aiiks aa*t tiie* j I saw
Jane's young man at church, and he had on a box-hat too I] ' A box-
hat and a walking-stick' are the climax of a get-up. nw.Dev.'
(6) Cor.^ 'Tes an awkward field for shape — 'tcs boxhetter. (7)
Ayr. A trance, or entrance lobby, from which a steep box ladder
led to a bedroom and store above, Johnston Kiliiiallie ( 1891 ) II. 83.
1^81 s.Chs.' 19} Lin.' ^loj Nhb., Dur. Nicholson Coat Tr. Gl.
(1888'. (11) N.I.'
10. In phr. bo.x and dice, the sum total ; everj'thing.
Ayr. I made owrc the whole box and dice [of the fortune] to
his sister. Johnston Glettbitckie (1889 83.
11. V. To put into a box, geii. a horse-box on a railway.
n.Lin.' We shall box the marc at Gunncss on Monday next.
12. To wainscot, to panel, to wall in carefully with wood.
Sc. A' the rooms i' tiie house are box'd Jam.).
Hence (i) Boxed, ppl. adj. sheltered, walled in; (2)
Boxen, sb. a casing ot wood such as is round the sides
of a farm-cart ; (3) Boxing, sb. wainscotting.
(i^ Abd. Ye gentle fouk 'at win in touns, At canty fires, in well-
box 'd bouns, Beatties Parings (1813) 24, ed. 1873. i^Sj N.I.' (,3)
Sc. (Jam.)
BOX, 56.* and v.'' Lan. Hri.
1. sb. A blow. n.Lan.', Hrf.'
2. V. To strike, as a gun which recoils. Hrf.'
[1. To giue one a boxe or blovve with the fist, pugiiiim
impingere, Baket (1580 1 ; He . . . had in amies many a
blodj' box, Chaucer Leg. G. IV. 1388.J
BOX, v.^ Sc. Yks. Chs. Also written bux Sh.I. To
go, to hurry ; sometimes with prep, about.
Sh.I. [She] comes buxin in, Blrgess Rasmie 1891) 52.
w.Yks. Eh, Betsy she war a strong woman ; she did box about to
be sure. s.Chs. ' Wi inun boks of [we mun box olfj.
BOXEN, (!({>■. w.Som. Made of bo.x.
w.Som.' Dhurwuz u bauk-sn aj au'J raewn dhu gyuurdn [there
was a hedge of box all round the garden].
[The young gentlemen learned, before all other things,
to design upon tablets of boxen wood, Dryden Diifresiioy
( loiINSONl.J
■ BOXER, sA.' Wm. Glo. Slang. A tall hat.
Wm. Wearing a big wideawake, or a bit of an old boxer, Rawns-
ley Remin. ll'urdsworlh (1884I VI. 163. Glo. Twur genelnien
wi' boxers on, Leg. Peas. '18771 51. Slang. i.^A.I..M.
BOXER, s6.* Nhb. Slang. [bo-ks3(r).] A peg-top
made of box-wood.
Nhb. K.O.H.) Slang. A'. & Q. (1853) ist S. viii. 63.
BOXES, sb. pi. w.Yks. The globe flower, Trollius
eitropaeiis.
w.Yks. Lees Flora (1888) 123.
BOX HARRY, vbt. phr. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Lin. Nhp.
War. Wor. Shr. Hnt. e.An. Cor. Slang. To go without
food ; to make a poor or coarse meal ; to rough it, to
take things as they are ; to hurry.
w.Yks. (C.V.C.) Lan. I had no money, I could get nothing to cat,
so I had to ' box-harry ' till I reached Liverpool ^S.W.). e.Lan.'
s.Chs.' Wi'in noo bred i dh aays ; wi)sn aa)tu boks-aar'i un choo
raagz [We'n noo bread i' tli' haVse ; we san ha' to box-hariy an chew
rags]. nw.Der.', n.Lin.', Nhp.' War.^ You must Box Harry for
your dinner to-day. ne.Wor. You'll miss the train if you don't box
Harry and be olf (J.W.P.). Shr.', Hnt. (.T.P.F.), e.An.', Nrf.
(,E.M.), Cor.2 Slang. A term used by commercial travellers, im-
plying dinner and tea at one meal, A'. & Q. (1883^ 8th S. iii. 237 ;
Farmer.
Hence Boxharry-week, the blank week between pay-
weeks when the workmen lived on credit or starved.
e.Lan.'
[The phr. ' to box Harry' prob. means 'to box or fight
the devil' (Barkere). Cp. the Fr. phr. // tire le diable
par la queue, in Did. de t.lcad. (1786), s.v. queue; once
in common use in rcf to one who was hard up.J
BOXIN', see Buxom.
BOXINGS, sb. pi. Sc. Nhb. The coarse offal from
flour after the bran is taken off; gen. used for feeding
pigs.
Frf. The boxings, 2 36 per cent., STEPHENS /ar>H Bk. (cd. 1849)
I. 438. Nlib.'
BOXING-TIME, sb. n.Lin.' The time between Christ-
mas Day and the end of the first week in January.
BOXTY, sb. Irel. A kind of bread made of grated raw
potatoes and Hour. Known also as Boxty-bread.
N.I.' Boxty differs from ' potato bread,' or ' potato cake,' of
which cold boiled potatoes form the principal part. Uls. Boxty in
BOY
[368]
BRABAGIOUS
preparation, Hvhk People Dwn. Ant. (1874) 24. s.Don. The grated
potatoes are squeezed dry through a cloth, the remainder is baked
into a calie, about as heavy and indigestible as a boiled slipper,
Simmons Gl. (1890).
BOY, sb. Sc. Irel. Chs. Rut. Shr. Brks. Ken. Sus. Hmp.
Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Colon. Also written buoy
n.Dev. ; bwoy Shr.' Brks. Dev.
1. A male human being of any age and condition, esp. if
unmarried.
Gall. All the sons of the house are ' boys ' so long as they remain
under the roof-tree, even though they may carry grey heads on
their shoulders, Crockett Bog-Myrtle (1895) ii. Ir. Judge Moore
decided in my hearing, that in Ireland the word 'boy' has no
reference to age. Paddiana ! 1848) I. 263. Lns. Boys that I re-
member quiet and industrious . . . are in constant practice [fighting]
now. Hall Stories Peas. 66. Tip. There's a boy over from the
Pope, and Archbishop Croke went on his knees to him [said by
a Tipperary man of Monsignor Persico, the Commissary Apostolic
1888] ! G.M.H.). Cor.i There are no men in Cornwall ; they are all
Cornish boys. [Aus. All aboriginal male ser%'ants of Australians
are called ' boys,' regardless of the age to which they have attained,
VoGAN Blk. Police (1890) vii.]
2. A carter on a farm ; one whose duty it is to drive a
team in ploughing, haymaking, &c.
Brks., Hmp., Wil. .W.H.E.)
3. A joker, a smart person ; occas. apphed in derision
to a high-spirited or forward woman. Ant. (W.H.P.)
4. In pi. The long-pistilled or pin-eyed flowers of the
primrose, Primula vulgaris. Wil.'
5. Comb. (1) Boy-beatr beaten by a person younger than
oneself; (2) -chap, a boy ; (3) ■' s-hacca.. Clema/is vilalba,
Traveller's Joy ; also called Tom-bacca ; (4) -'s-bailiff,
see below; (5) -'s-love, Arlemisia abrotaniim, southern-
wood ; (6) -'s-oak, the green leaves of the oak, worn by
boys on the 29th of May.
(i) Ken. (P.M. I ; Ken.i Sly father, he carried the sway at stack
building for fifteen year ; at last they begun to talk o' puttin' me
up. * Now I've done,' the ole chap saj'S — * I wunt be boy-beat.'
(2) Dor. I can mind him ever since I was growing up a hard boy-
chap, Hakdy Gct'f/iit'rf. Tree ,i9i-]2)n\ \ (O.P.C. 1; (C.W.) 13 Sus.'
So called because the boys cut the small wood in pieces to smoke like
cigars (s.v. Tom-bacca . Hmp.(G.E.D.) (4) Slir. Burne ftt-iorf
(1883-86: 346 ; Shr.2 The last time [this custom] took place was
about sixty j-ears ago ; it was held in the Easter Week, Holy
Thursday, or in Whitsun Week. It consisted of a man who wore
a hair-cloth gown and was called the bailiff, a recorder, justices,
town clerk, sheriff, treasurer, crier, and other municipal officers.
They were a large retinue of men and boys mounted on horseback,
begirt with wooden swords, which they carried on their right
sides, so that they must draw the swords out of the scabbards with
their left hands. They used to call at all the gentlemen's houses
in the francliise, where they were regaled with meat, drink, and
money ; and before the conclusion they assembled at the pillory at
the Guildhall ; where the town clerk read some kind of rigmarole
which they called their charter. ' We go from Beckbury and Badger
to Stoke on the Clee, To Monkhopton, Round Acton, and so return
we,' &c.. Report Rec. Coiiiin. (1837 507 ;s.v. Wenlock). {5) Chs.' ;
Chs.^ Perhaps because used as a love offering. It is a staple in all
village posies. Rut.' Also called Lad's love. Hmp.' Called also Old
Man in n.Hmp. Wil. I got a heap of Boy's Love off our big bush,
EwiNcynH 0/ ll'iiidiiii/l {i8-]6) xv ; Britton Beauties < ^825) ; Wil.'
n.Wil. A more old-fashioned name is ' Thousand 'ood ' (^E.H.G.V
Dor. Variegated box, and yew, and boy's-love. Hardy Madding
Crowd (1874) xli ; Barnes CI. (1863). Som. Bushy southern
wood fill[s] the air with sweetness. Hannah calls this 'Boy's
love,'LEiTH Lemon P'erbetia (iSgs 18 ; Jennings OIjs. Dial. w.Eng.
(1825). -w. Som.' A very great favourite with the village belles. In
the summer, nearly all carry a spray of bwuuy -z luuv. half wrapped
in tile white handkerchief, in their hand to church. Dev. The smell
of boys' love and peppermint scarce made the air cooler, Peard
Mother Molly (1889 1 45 ; Hewett Peas. Sp. (18921 ; Dev.'* n.Dev.
Bits o' buoy's love stickt in to't, Rock Jim an Nell ,1867^ St. 49.
n-w.Dev.' Cor.'; Cor.^ Also called Maidens' Delight. (6~ Chs. On
the 29th of May children distinguish the reddish-coloured leaves as
Girl's Oak, and the green leaves as Boy's Oak. Girls wear the
former and lioys the latter, B. & H. (s.v. Oak".
6. Phr. (i) Camborne boys. hsW; a\%o caWod. St. Ives boys ;
(2) llie old boy, the devil ; sec Old.
^_i^ Cor.^ Popularly explained in case of Camborne by supposing
it to have some reference to the riots which have occurred in that
town. Man looks out at the falling hail : ' Aw, Camborne boys
is come.*
BOYERN, see Boym.
BOYKIN, sb. Lin. Wor. A little boy.
Lin. One bojkin's donkey pitched him ower. Brown Poems
(1890) 48; I knew one person, fifty or sixty years ago, who
used the word boykin lE.P.X n.Lin.' w.Wor. Now, boykin !
S. Beauchamp A'. Hamilton {iH-i=,) II. 141.
[But now I'm fixt to go along With thee, mj' boykin,
right or wrong, Cotton Scarroimks (c. 1685), ed. 1692, 80
(Dav.).]
BOYL, see Bole.
BOYLES, sb. pi. Lin. [boUz.] Lice.
Lin. Wright; (Hall.) ; Lin.'
[Rep. Fr. ponilles, lice (Cotgr.).]
BO"yNE, sb. Sc. Also written bine ; boin(e, bowen,
bowyne, boy(e)n (J.am.).
1. A broad flat vessel for holding milk.
Sc. I saw your gudeman throwing the whole milk out of the
homes. Petticoat Tales '1I823') I. 334 1 Jam.). Per. Scaud thebowens,
ca' the kirn, Donald and Flora, 37 (16.). Ayr. Fallen into a boyne of
milk, Galt Ann. Parish (1821; iv. Lnk. A large earthen platter
or milk boyne, Hamilto.n Poems (1865) 18a.
2. A tub, esp. a washing-tub.
Sc. We'll wash them in the bine in the backyard. Whitehead
Daft Davie (1876) 41, ed. 1894. Per. The word is hardly known
in Abd. but very common here (G.W. :. Rnf. Stap j'e in a washin'
boyne. And on ye ca' the pump, Barr Poems (1861) 354. Ayr. If
ye turn washerwoman, . . . I'll carry your boynes and water your
clothes, Galt Entail 1^1823) xxxi. Gall. ^A.W.)
3. Comp. Boynfu, a ' bo3'ne '-ful.
Sc. Yill in big flagons, and boynfu 's O' whiskey, Blackzv. Mag.
I Sept. 1819) 713 'Jam.\ Ayr. Bessie jawed a cutty-boyneful of
sapples [soap-suds] on her neebor. Service Dr. Dnguid 1,1887' 68.
[Norw. dial, bitiiie, a water- vessel, also buna, byiie
(Aasex, 90).]
BOYRN, see Borne.
BOYSTICK, see Buckstick.
BOYSTINS, see Beestings.
BOYTACH,56. Sc. (_] am. Siippl.) A bunch or bundle; a
small dumpy animal. [Not known to our correspondents.]
[Cp. Gael, boiteal, a bundle of hay, also boitean (Macleod
& Devvar). Macbain conn, these words with botlle (a
bundle of hay), q.v.]
BOYURN, see Borne.
BOZ, V. e.Yks. To blunt or turn the edge of a tool ;
to dash two things together so as to make them soft.
e.Yks. Bob an Jack bozzed ther apples tigither ti mak em soft
an pappy. A knife with its edge turned b^' hard usage is said to
be ' bozzed up.' Sometimes in driving a sheep-net stake into the
ground a large stone or other obstacle will turn up or split the
sharpened end. while the heavy blows will cause the top to spread
out. It is then ' bozzed up at beeath ends ' (J.N. ); e.Yks.'
BOZEN, adj. S. & Ork.' Of a chimney : enclosed,
built in the wail.
BOZZLER, sb. Sus. [bo-zlafr).] A parish constable,
a sherifi''s officer. See Borsholder.
Sus. He an his children dcy vos every thin, passon, an reeve,
an bozzk-r, Jackson Southward Ho V1894 : I. 339 ; Sus.'
BOZZOM, sb. I.W. Also written bozzum. Name
given to the plants (i) Chtysaiillwmuin segetiim; (2) C.
leucantlu-niuni iC.J.V.). Cf buddle.
BOZZOM, adj. w.Cy. Dev. Also written buzzom. buz-
zum. Deep red ; chiefly used in comb. Bozzoni-chucked,
having red cheeks. Cf bazzom.
w.Cy. Grose (1790') MS. add. i_C.) ; (W.W.S.) ; Holloway.
Dev. Pengelly Verbal Pron. (1875) 40. n.Dev. Ya ha made ma
chucks buzzom, E.\m. Crtshp. (1746^ 1. 607.
BOZZY, see Bawsy.
BRAA, see Brae, Braw.
BRAAD, see Braid, Broad.
BRAAM. sec Bram.
BRABAGIOUS, a^//. Sus. [brate d^as.] Cantankerous.
Sus. A brabagious radical wench, Jackson Southward Ho 1894)
I- 339; Sus.' In a quarrelsome discussion ; You nasty brabagious
creature.
BRABBLACH
[369]
BRACKEN
BRABBLACH, sb. Fif. (Jam.) [Not known to our
correspondents ] The refuse of corn, meat, &c.
BRABBLE, v. and iZ/.' Nhb. Yks. Lan. Dor. Lin. Hrf.
[bra-bl.l
1. V. To wrangle, quarrel, chatter noisily.
Lan. Davies Races (1856) 266 ; Lan,', Hrf.2
Hence (i) Brabbling, />/>/. ai/j. quarrelsome; (2)
Brabblement, xb. quarrelling ; the noise of people
quarrelling ; (3) Brabblesome, tidj. quarrelsome.
(i) [Brabbling curs never want sore ears, Ray Piov. (1678) 3.]
(fi) N.Cy.', Nhb.', n.Yks.^ w.Yks.' Hecs ollas agait o' some
brabblement, ii. 305. Lan.' Ther wur sich o clatter an' brabble-
ment, ScHOLES 7i>ii Gamivatttc (1857) 56. e.Lan.', Der.' n.Lin.'
There was a deal o' brabblement aboot th* Messingham causeys.
(3) w.Yks.3
2. sb. Quarrelling, wrangling.
n.Yks.3, Der.i. n.Lin.', Hrf.2
[1. To brabble, jurf;o, altercor. Hies serere, Coles (1679):
To brable, tnitlliluqui. Levins Manip. (1570). (i) 1 would
have you also to end w*'' y "■ old Glasier, that there may
be noe more brabbling with him, Dorothy Wadham
Letter (1614), in Jackson's IVadham College (18931 ^61.
2. A brabble, rixa, lis, Coles (1679); Keep 3'ou out of
pravvls and prabbles and quarrels, Shaks. Hen. V, iv. viii.
69. Du. brabbeleit, to brawle or to brabble (Hexham) ;
MDu. brabhehn (Verdam).]
BRABBLE, sb.'^ e.An. [bra'bl, brse-bL] A ruffle on
the surface of the sea ; a short swell.
e.An.' Nrf. (A.G.) ; Nrf.'
Hence Brabbly, adj. Of the sea : somewhat rough. Nrf
BRACCO, see Workbracco.
BRACE, si.' Cor.'= Aus. [bres.] The mouth of a
shaft or ' claim.'
[N.S.W. He used to turn out with everything clean on every
morning, fit to go to a ball, as he walked on to the brace, Boldre-
wooD Robbery (1888) II. viii.]
[Prob. the same as ME. brace, used of an 'arm' of the
sea. The brace of seynt George, Maundeville (c. 1400)
21 (Matzner). OFr. bras, arm. J
BRACE, si.2 Sc Irel. Also written bress Ayr. [bres.]
L A chimney-piece, mantelpiece ; also in comp. Brace-
piece.
Sc.A dreadfu' knell came on the brace. Train Pod. Rev. (1806
loi (Jam.). Ayr. It's as blacU as the back o' the bress, Galt
Entail 1,1823) Ixv. Dmb. A snug bit room wi' . . . t\va peacock's
feathers abune the brace, Cross Disiiifilion (1844) vi. SIk.
Yonner he's stannin on the brace piece ! Cur. North A'ocles (ed.
1856) II. 135.
2. A screen made of stakes interwoven with twigs and
covered with prepared clay, used to conduct the smoke
from the hearth to an aperture in the roof; a chimnej' of
straw and clay.
Lnk. The auld warl' dwallin had a muckle clay brace, Hamilton
ro«;;s (1865 150. Slk. (Jam.) N I.'
[Cp. ME. brace, the span of an arch. A brace of a
bryge or of a vawte, siiitis, arciis, Cath. Angl. (1483).
OFr. brace, the two arms, the width of the two arms.]
BRACE-HEAD, sb. Nhb. Dur. A boring tool ; a piece
of tough ash or oak three feet long, passed through an eye
in a short piece of iron, at the other end of which is a
screw, to connect with the rods.
Nhb.' Nhb., Dur. Greenwell Coat Tr. Gl. (1849X
BRACER, sb. s.Chs.' VVil. Also written breacers
Wil. |bres3 r|.] One of a pair of braces.
Wil. .Sl.ow V,l. ^18921.
BBACH, sb. Obsol. Sc. n.C3'. n.Lin.' Also written
bratch n.Cy. n.Lin.' A bitch-hound.
Sc. It" bow and brach fail not, you shall have a piece of game
two fingers fat on the brisket, Scott Uiitle of Lam. (1819) iii.
n.Cy. Grose (1790). [,K.)]
[A brach is a mannerly name for all hound-bitches,
Geittl. Recreat. (1686) 27 (Nares) ; Truth's a dog must to
kennel ; he must be whipped out, when the Lady brach
may stand by the fire, Shaks. K. Lear, i. iv. 125 ; Braches
bayed, Gawayne (c. 1360) 1142. Cp. Fr. brac/tet, a kind of
little hound (Cotgr.) ; It. bracche'tta, a young beagle, dim.
of brdccn. a hound (Florio).]
VOL. I.
BRACHAN, see Brochan.
BRACHiE, see Breach.
BRACHEN, see Bracken.
BRACING-DOWN, sb. Obsol. or obs. e.An. The
third time of turnip-hoeing, drawing down the ridges.
e.An.' Ess. ' Bracing down' is not used now that beets and
turnips are no longer sown on ridges (H.H.M.).
BRACK, 56.' Sc. Yks. Clis. Lei. Nhp. War. Ess. Ken.
Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. [brak, braek.]
1. A fracture, breach, crack ; a rent, tear; a flaw, fault ;
a gap, opening.
s.Chs.' Mooist a mi cheyzkloths bin gy'etin wos fur wacr ;
bur ah)v u too thri yet uz un nee dhur braak'S nur kraak'S in iim
[Mooist 0' my cheisecloths bin gettin' woss for wear; bur ah've
a toothry yet as ban neether bracks nur cracks in 'em]. Lei.'
Theer weean't naither brack nor crack i' the wull set [of china].
Nhp.i Always used negatively : My gown has not a brack in it.
War. (J.R.W.) Ess. Mobility Mag. (i8i4~) I. 498; Gl. (1851);
Ess.' Ken. A book without so much as a ' brack ' in it from
beginning to end (P.M.) ; Ken.' WU. Slow G/. (1892^ ; Wil.'
There's narra brack nor crack in 'un. Dor. Barnes Gl. (,1863).
Som. Without brack or crack, Sweetman Wiiuanlon Gl. (,1885).
n.Dev. Moot iv'ry brack about un, Rock Jim an' Nell (1867) st.
84. [You seek a brack where the hedge is whole, Ray Prov.
(16781 230 ; A gap in a hedge, Worlidge Syst. Agric. (I669^.]
2. A fall of earth, a snowslip ; a flood in time of thaw;
a sudden squall of rain.
Slk. (Jam.) n.Yks. These rolling masses [of snow and water-
floods together] ... in the dialect of the country are called ' fell-
side bracks,' . . . described by the old people in Dent as ' Gill-
Bracks,' Sedgwick Mem. Coivgill Chapel (1868 39.
[A brack, vitiiim. Coles (1679) ; Many bracks and
short ends, which cannot be spun into an even piece,
DiGBY On the Soul, Dcd. (1644) (Johnson); Breclie, a
brack, or breach in a wall, &c., Cotgr.]
BRACK, s6.2 Som. Dev.^ [brak.] The fat covering
the intestines of edible animals.
w.Som.' Of a pig when melted the brack becomes lard, of other
animals, tallow.
BRACK, adj. and sb.^ Sc. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lin. Wor.
Also written brock Wor. [brak]
1. adj. Brackish, impregnated with salt.
e.Yks.' w.Yks. Leeds Men. Siippl. i,Nov. 28, 1891).
2. sb. Brine.
Sc. Confined to liquid or sorbile foods (JAM.^. Cum.' This
bacon's as sole as brack. Wm.', e.Yks. (W.W.S.), w.Yks. (J.T.1,
w.Yks.l
Hence Bracky, adj. brackish, salt.
n.Yks. T'watters bracky (J. VV.V n Lin.' s. Wor. The water
about here is all bad ; it's brocky like, and salty (H K.).
[1. The entrallis eik, far in the fludis brak, . . . sail I
slyng and swak, Douglas Eneados (i5i3),ed. 1874, 11. 237.
Du. brack, brackish, saltish, or brinish (Hexham); MLG.
brack, saltish (Schiller-Luuben).]
BRACK, V. Nhp.' To repair or mend doors or rails
by nailing a piece of wood on the broken part.
BRACK, sec Break.
BRACKEN, sb. Sc. Irel. All n. counties of Eng. to
Chs. Also Der. Not. Lin. Nhp. Also written brackin
Cum.^ Der.' ; bracken w.Yks.* ; braken Sc. n.Cy. n.Yks.^
Nhp.'; breckan Nhb.'; bracken Nhb.' n.Yks.'; brackin
Dur.' ; breckon n.Yks.^ ; breken m.Y'ks.' See also
below.
L Name given to ferns in gen., esp. to the larger kinds.
Freq. used in pi.
Sc. And hide me by the braken bush That grows on yonder
lilyc lee, ScoiT Minstrelsy (1802) I. 360, ed. 1848. Frf. Your lair
is made o' the brakens green, Laing Firs. (18461 141. Per. I wish
the wanderin' e'enin' wind Were whistlin' round the brcckans
lone, NicoLL Poems 1x837) 150, ed. 1843. Knf. And that bit
primrose 'side the breckan, Tannahill Poems (1807) 53 cd.
1817). Ayr. Among the brachens, on the brae, Burns Ilatlowctn
(1785") St. 26. Kcb., Wgt. My Lord loves mair the beds of brckan,
CuNNiNGHAM5o"^?5(i8i3l44. N.L' n.Cy. Grose (17901; N.Cy '*.
Nhb.', Dur.' Cum.^ Three and sixpence for a lile brackin ! I'd
ha browte her a leead o' them for't. Wm. Supplied with a
few handfuls of bracken. Lonsdale Mag. (i822~; VIII. 249. Yks.
^K.l n.Yks All manner o' bits o' breckon, Linskill Bel. Herltiei
3B
BRACKET
[370]
BRAE
audN. Sea (1884) Ivi ; n.Yks.> Used for litter; n.Yks.=, m.Yks.i,
w-Yks-i^*^ nXan.', Chs.i Der.i They burn it on St. James' day,
for the ashes, which are made into balls and kept to make a lye
with for washing, instead of soap ; Der.^, nw.Dsr.i, Not. (J.H.B.)
Lin. Skinner (1671). n.Lin.i Nhp.' Your sweet spreading oaks
and your braken so green, Clare MS. Poiiiis.
Hence (i) Bracken, v. to gather in bracken for use as
bedding for cattle; (2) Breckany, adj. abounding in
bracken.
(i) Wm.i Hest ta been brackening o' t'daa? (2) Nhb Thy wild
woods and breckany braes, Richardson Borderer's Tab!e-bk.
(1846) VIII. 184; Nhb.i
2. Comp. (i) Bracken-clock, the small gay-coloured
chafer, Phyllopertha horticola ; (2) -lea, a meadow over-
grown by ferns.
(i) Sc. SciVwc Go5«>(i874')263. Nhb.' Cum. Used as bait for
trout in June (E.W.P.1. Wm.i.n.Yks.'^, w.Yks.'. Lan.', n.Lan.',
e.Lan.i (2] w.Yks. When it wor famed for brackin-leas. Senior
Smithy R/iviiies (1882) 34.
[n.UE.'brakei!.]
BRACKET, see Braggot. Brocket.
BRACKET-RULES, sb. pi. Lei.' A 'cat' or trivet to
place before the fire for keeping toast, &c., hot.
BRACKLE, adj. and v. Yks. Lan. Stf. Lin. Nhp.
e.An. [brakl, braekl.j
1. adj. Brittle, crumbling. Also of the weather : broken,
unsettled. Cf. brockle.
Yks. Brackle weather, Yks. N. & Q. (i883) II. 15. w.Yks.
(R.H.R.) Nrf.i
Hence Brackly, ad/, brittle, broken, full of cracks and
flaws. Of the weather : unsettled.
e.Lan.i, Stf.', n.Lin.i Nhp.^ Applied to wood or stone. e.An.'
Particularly applied to standing corn, some ears of which are so
quickly ripened as to snap off short. Suf. (,F.H.) ; (C.T.); Suf.'
2. V. To break, to crumble.
Nbp.P/iil. Soc. Trans. (,1858) 149 ; Nhp.' When land works well
and freely, a farmer would say, ' It brackles well,' ' It brackles
down nicely.' Stone that breaks up with the tool in woiking is
said to brackle ; Nhp.^ Used of loamy soils. Suf.' Ripe corn,
especially wheat, is said to brackle when, from having quickly
ripened, or from other causes, the stems are brittle, and snap
short off, under the sickle, or the gleaner's hand.
BRACKS, see Braxy.
BRACKSUS, sb. Som. Dev. Also written brexass,
brecksus, brekses, brekzis, and in form brektus,
[bras'ksss, bre ksas.] Breakfast.
Som. One mornin, as ee was zittin ta brektus, Pulman Sketches
(1842) 66, ed. 1871. w.Som.' Shaarp soa us-n kaech yur brak-
susn km au-n [(look"! sharp, mates, and catch your breakfast li.e.
eat it quickly) and come on]. Dev. I wis ax'd out lass Vriday
ta brekses at aight, Nathan Hogg Poet. Lett. (1847) 7 ; How long
avore brekzis will be ready, missis ? Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892).
nw.Dev.'
BRAD, sb. Nhb.i w.Yks.= Chs.^ Der." Not. Lin. Lei.^
Nhp.' \Var.3 Hrf.'= Ken. Dev. [brad, braed.] Name
given to various kinds of nails, asp. a small, headless one.
Not. (W.H.S.) Lin. Thompson ///s/. i?05toH (1856 ■ 700. e.Lin.
(G.G.W.) Ken. Nails w'" broad heads (K.l. Dev. Large nails
formerly used by wheelwrights for securing the strakes of a cart-
wheel to the felloes. Reports Provide. (1895).
BRAD, see Bread, Bred.
BRADCOCK. sb. e.An. A young turbot.
e.An.' Nrf. P/::7. Sor. Trans. '1855I 30 ; Nrf.'
BRADDINGS, sb. pi. Chs. Also written breadings
Chs.^ The swathes or lines of grass or corn lying after
being mown.
Chs. (K, ; Chs.i3
[A der. of OE. brad, broad.]
BRADDLE, see Broddle, Raddle.
BRADDLED,//). Lei. [bra did.] Comfortably warmed
through.
Lei.' ' Ah ! my dear, you're nicely braddled !' said to a child
whose feet had been held near the fire.
{Rraddle ( vb.), a freq. of M E. brcde, OE. brSdan, to roast ;
cp. OHG. brdtan.\
BRADE, V. Lin. [bred.] To rub off, to abrade.
n.Lin.^ It braades the skin.
[Aphetic form of lit. E. abrade (vb.).]
BRADE, see Braid, Bread, Broad.
BRADELY, adv. n.Lin.' [bredli.] Bravely.
BRADLE, V. Shr. [bre dl.] To beat. Cf braddled, pp.
Shr. There his idler neighbours proceeded to bradie him, Bukne
Flk-Lore 1883 I x.\iii.
BRADLING, ppl. adj. Shr.' [bras-dlin.] Of hens:
brooding.
[Fr. the vb. braddle (to extend), a freq of ME. brede, to
broaden, extend, cover; OE. bnfdan ; cp OHG. breileii.]
BRADOW, V. Chs. Also written bradda Chs.' s.Clis.';
bradder Chs.'; brather Chs.'^ [bra'da.] To spread out.
Of a hen : to cover. Also used inlrans.
Chs.' I never like to see forrard taters bradda, 1 like to see em
spire up ; CIis 2 A hen bradows her chickens ; Chs.^ To spread
or cover [a field] with manure. A hen brathering her brood.
s.Chs.' Sey tit dhaat' en braad'uin ur chik'inz [Sey at that hen
bradda-in' her chickins].
[The same as bradliitg. q. v. See s.Chs.' 8.]
BRAE, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Lin. Also written bree N.Cy.' Nhb.'; brea N.Cy.' Dur.'
Wm. n.Yks.3 w.Yks.' Lan.; breean.Yks.^ne.Yks.'e.Yks.;
breay Nhb.' Cum.; bra (Jam.); bray n.Ir. w.Yks.'^n. Lin.';
breeah Wm.' ; fcraa w.Yks.' ; broo N.Cy.'; see below,
[bre, bri.]
1. A declivity, hillside, steep bank ; the broken bank of
a river.
Sc. The elfin knight sate on the brae, Scott Midlothian (1818)
ix. Sh.I. I daandered ower da braes. Burgess Rasinie (1892) 98.
Elg. Ye'll get yer banks, an braes, an' brigs. Tester Poems (1865)
120. Bnff. The coldest places in which Edward slept at night, were
among the rocks by the seaside, or on the sea braes along the
coast. Smiles Naliir. (1879) ^'- Abd. It is a vera stiff brae,
Alexander Johnny Gibb (^1871) xviii. Kcd. The howes and
gow'nie braes, Jamie Mtise 1,1844") i. Frf. On the bump of green
round which the brae twists, Barrie Thrums (1895') i. P-jr.
Moonlight trysts an' .Sabbath wanders O'er the haughs an' on
the brae, Nicoll Poems (1837) 79, ed. 1843. Fif. When I got to
the tap o' the brae the view cowed a' description, Robertson
Provost (1894) 21. Rnf. Life's a . . . steep an' slippery brae,
Allan Ev. Hours [18^6) 64. Ayr. Ye banks and braes o' bonnie
Doon, Burns Sng. Lth. Barefitted lassies amang the green
braes, Ballantine Poems (1856) 13. Bwk. By the mossy brae
Green-kirtled fairies sport and pla\', Henderson Pop. Rhymes
(1856; 6g. Gall. The bonny corn that had grown so golden on
the braes, Crockett Raiders (,1894) vii. nir. Bar's Bray, a very
steep descent at Beechill, about 300 feet high, N. & Q. (1873 4lh
S. xii. 479 ; N.I.' Ant. Most farms have a field called the brae, and
a rather steep incline in a country road will be called a brae,
Ballymena Obs. (1893). n Cy. Grose (1790); N Cy.' Nhb. 'Tis
mony years sin' first we met On Coquet's bonny braes, Coijrtct-
dole Sngs. {i8s2) 5g ; Nhb.', Dur.' Cum. (J.Ar. 1 ; Cum.' Wm.
Shooting dawn the braw of Stavely, Hutton Bran New Work
(1785) 185; Wm.' n.Yks. The slightly overhanging brae of a
ditch or drain, Atkinson Moorl. Parish ( 1891) 345 ; n.Yks.' Loo'
ye! heear's tahlin's [titling's] nes' : jis' i' t'breea, heear ; n.Yks. *
We went upon t'breea top. T'breea slowp ; n.Yks.^, ne.Yks.'
e.Yks. Marshall Run Eeon. (1788). w.Yks.'; w.Yks.^ Br.iy
Furlong, a field in Greenhill, near SheflReld. n.Lan. Warm are 3-cr
Innbs wi' the low of yer brae fire, Thornber Penny Stone (1845)
3, ed. 1886 ; (W.S. ) Lin. Streatfeild Lin. and Danes ,1884 319.
n Lin Slippin' doon fra the bray o' th' bank, Peacock Taales { 1889)
55 ; n.Lin.' Ohd ducks quacks little uns on to braay o' bank an*
broodies 'em.
Hence Braeie, Brayie, ad/, hilly, declivitous, having
slopes. (Jam.)
2. Comp. (I) Brae-face, the front or slope of a hill; (2)
•full, of a riven lull to the bank ; (3) -hag, (4) -hauld, the
overhanging bank of a stream ; (5) -head, the summit of
a hill ; (6) -laird, a landowner on the southern slope
of the Grampians ; (7) -man, a dweller on the southern
slope of the Grampians ; (8) -set, full of slopes or ' braes ' ;
(9) -side, a hillside.
(i) Gall. High oi» the brae-face, Crockett Bog-Myrtle (1895)
289. (2) n.Yks.', ne.Yks.l w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Siippl. (Nov. 28,
1891). (3, 4) Rxb. I Jam.) (5) Frf. Ere he left the brae-head his
bit hoose was in flame, Watt Sketches (1880) 106. Ayr. Ane o'
the birkies rowed oot his barrel to the brae-heid. Service
Notandums ( 1890) 72. Nhb. On the tap o' yon brae-head,
Denham Tracts ;ed. 1892) I. 289. (6) Sc. In Mitchell's opera a
BRAED
[371]
BRAICHUM-UP
bracs-laird is introduced as the natural and hereditary enemy of
a Highland chieftain (Jam."). (7) Sc. Humanity strongly invites
you to know The worm-wasted braeman's fate, Thain MIii. Afiifc
(.1814I 70 I Jam.). 8) B.iff.' It's a fine fairm, bit some brae-set
an' ill to wirk. (9 Sc. A bluidj' brae-side, Scott JSric/e of Lain.
(18191 xxiii ; A clachan on the braesidc among fields, Stlvknso.n
Catriona (18921 iii. Lnk. B^- lown dyke ... or braeside green,
Hamilton Poems (1865)81. n.Yks. Simmcrins [primroses] sim
ta laik ta grau on d bri.^side (W.H.l. w.Yks. He was sometimes
called by his neighbours 'the wild bull o' the brea side,' Graince
Pedlar (1866) 21.
(On the bray oranent vpon Laiidian syde, Dalrymple
Leslie's Hist. Scot. (13^) '■ 35! Bery-bobis on fe braes,
Wars Alex. (c. 1450) 4809; Betuix a louchside and a bra,
Barbour Bruce {1375) m. 109.J
BRAED, V. S. & Ork.i To melt.
BRAE-SHOT, 56. Lnk. (Jam.) 1. A quantity of earth
that has fallen from a ' brae.' 2. />jt. A large sum of
money to which one unexpectedly becomes heir.
BRAEWARD, see Breward.
BRAFFAM, see Bargham.
BRAFFLESOME, mlj. n.Yks. [bra'flsam.] Quarrel-
some.
n.Yks. Leeds Merc. Siipf>l (Nov. 28, 1891).
BRAG, -sA.' Obsol. Nhb. Dur. A goblin.
Nhb. RicnARDbON Buideier's Table bk. (1846) VI. 58: The
* Porto Bello Hrag,' a kind of wicked sprite that was well known.
It delighted in mischief, and whoever mounted it (for it always
appeared in the shape of an ass) were sure to be thrown into
some bog or whin-bush at parting; when the creature, as if en-
joying the mischief, would run off' nickerin'and laughin',' Wilson
Pitman's Pay (1843^ 95 ; Nhb.* Dur. There is a village named
Picktree near Chester le-Street, and a ghost story called the
' Picktree Brag ' is attached to it, Deiiimm Tracts (ed. 1895) II. 78 ;
The brag was said to appear like a calf, also like a galloway ; once
like four men holding up a white sheet, and once like a headless
man ; but more often like a coach-horse or a ' dickass.' One who
mounted the brag was thrown off into a pond at the four ' lonin
ends,' while the brag ran off laughing. It was also said to
appear at the time of death, or to herald some misfortune,
Bishopric Garl. (1834) 42.
BRAG, V. and sb.^ Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. V. To challenge, defy.
Sc. And they might hae bragged the Border side, Scott
Minstrelsy (1802) III. 69, ed. 1848 ; A boy climbing a tree is said
to do it to brag his companions 'Jam.) ; Gae hand in hand, ye'll brag
high rank. Or heaps o' siller, Mohison Poenisi i-jgo) 82 (ib.). Edb.
We bragged him to a race. Mom Mansie M'aiteh ( 1828) 169. Cum.
He wad . . . brag the whole town, Andekso.n Ballads (1808) 61.
2. To reproach ; to exult over.
Sc. For which he may brag me and call me unjust, Nicol Poems
(1739^ 3°- n.Sc. Ye need na brag me with [in comparison with]
her (Jam.). Cum. He thowt aw t'way, Hoo he would brag auld
Nell, Richardson Talk (187 1) 96, ed. 1876. Wm.' Don't brag
ower me.
3. Of the male grouse or moorcock : to crow, to call to
the mate.
w.Yks. I hear the moorcocks bragging on t'Sur Gill regular
(J.N.L.).
Hence Bragging, vbl. sb. the sound made by the grouse
or moorcock.
w.Yks. The artificial call of the keepers is also known as
bragging. Used in the vicinity of Pateley Bridge (M.A.); w.Yks.'
4. In phr. to brag cloiuii, to find fault with.
s.Wor. Don't you go there, Sally, or you'll get bragged down,
PoRSON Quaint ll'ds. (1875) 29.
5. sb. A boast.
Ayr. It will be the brag o' the forest yet. Burns O Lady Maiy
Ann, St. 4. Cum. Laal brag it is for enny man To climm up
Skiddaw side, Richardson Ballads (1876) 15. Wm. It w.is alius
his brag 'at ncea body could say he owed them owt (B K.).
w.Yks. Howd thi brag, Pognioor Ohn. (1895) 14. Not.', Lei.'
Nhp.' There was such betting and such brags. And galloping up
and down with nags, Evans Old Ballads. War.* Shr.' Good
beer needs no brag. Hrf.' He made his brags as he would do for
'em all if he met them at the fair; Hrf.° Glo. He made his
braags avoore he died. As wi* any dree brothers his zons zhou'd
zing, Hughes 5(0M/-. IFln/c Horse iB^^t vii. Dor.' w.Soin.' Only
used in pi. Ee macud-z bragz aew-u diied ut [he made his boast
how he did it].
6. A braggart, boaster. Lei.'
BRAG, see Brog.
BRAGE, V. Cor. [bred^.] To scold violently, rage ;
to roar.
Cor. A'. ,S~- Q. (1854 istS X 479 ; Cor.' Braging like a lion; Cor.''
BRAGGABLE, adj. Shr. [braegabl.J Commendable,
very good.
Shr.' Ow's Dick likin' 'is plack ? — Oh ! 'e ses it's nuthin" brag-
gable.
BRAGGASHANS, adv. Cor. Also written bragge-
shans. In a bragging, boa.sting manner.
Cor. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; But I scorn to stand spcech-
ing braggashans, T. Trenoodlk Spec. Dial. (18461 32 ; Cor.'*
BRAGGET, sb. Sc. Nhb. Lan. Chs. Der. Wai. Cor.
Also in forms bragwort Bwk.Dmf ; braggett n.Cy. Chs.^;
braggat Lan.' ; braggot, bragot Lan. ; bracket n.Cy. ;
braket Nhb.' Chs. ; brakatCor.; bratchet N.Cy.' Nhb.' ;
brotchet, brotchert N.Cj'.'; bragwort Sc.; bragod Wal.
1. Honey and ale fermented together; new ale spiced
with sugar.
Fit". (JA.M.) Bwk. They stole and drank his bragwort beer,
Henoerson Pop. Rhymes (1856) 58. Rxb. (Jam.) Dmf. A drink
used freely at the time of harvest home, which goes by the name
of brag- wort. Gask.ei.1. Lectures Dial. (1854 8. n.Cy. Grose 1790);
N.Cy.' As sweet as bratchet ; N.Cy.*, Nbb.' Obs. Lan. Skinner
(16711 ; Bury is almost world-famous for its simnelsand its bragot,
Chs. N. & Q. (1882) II. 32; Laa.' Mulled ale, prepared and drunk
in many places on Mid-Lent Sunday, which is hence called Braggat
Sunday. Chs. Worlidge Syst. .-li^ric. (1669) ; Let folk have as
much braggett as they could drink, Croston Enoch Cttonp 1887)
7; Chs.'* Der.' Ois. Wei. British Br.Tgod, w'"'' is now a common
drink among country people in their feasts or wakes : K.). s.Pem.
The word ' meath' is oftener used now than ' braggot.' flaslat
stew and braggot new. Come and taste of these, IVedding Sng.
(W.M.M.) Cor. ' Brakat ' is the same as what is called metheglin,
Gaskell Lectures Dial. (1854 8.
2. Coiiip. Bragget-Sunday, the fourth Sunday in Lent,
on which day ' bragget' was consumed.
Lan. Gaskell Lectures Dial. 1,1854) 8; Harland & Wilkinson
Flk Lore (1867; 225 ; Lan.'
[Armed all in ale . . . and charged in braggat stale,
JoxsoN Gipsies (i62i),ed. Cunningham, in. 145 ; Braggettc,
dvink, proiiiiilsis, Bauet (1580); flir mouth was swete as
bragot or the meeth, Chaucer C. T. a. 3261. MWel.
bragatit (mod. bragawd), bragget. The forms bragwort,
bregivorl are due to an association with ivorl.]
BRAGGIR, sb. Obs. ? Sc. (Jam.) A coarse seaweed.
I. of Lewis. They continue to manure the ground until the tenth
ofjuneif they have plenty of Bmggir, Martin IF. Islands{iTi6} $^.
BRAGGLE, v. Shr. [braegl.] To swagger, to boast.
Shr.' Oud Barber wuzbragglin' o'er them byestso'isn at the far.
[Brag (vb.) -I--/1? (-el), freq. sufi".]
BRAGGOT, sec Bragget.
BRAGGOTY, adj. Dev. Cor. Also written bradgty
Cor.'; braggaty nw.Dev.' Cor.'; braggety Cor.'*;
brackety Cor. [breegati.] Mottled, speckled, spotted.
n.Dev. Hunderneath the hazlin moote, thare's a braggoty worm,
way a spcckeld drawt, n.Dev. Jrn. (Sept. 17, 1885) 6. nw.Dev.'
Rough and covered with loose scales like a snake, or a fish in poor
condition. w.Cor. John Trevala bought a brackety cock, LowRY
IVrcckers, 181. Cor.' In an old manuscript account-book which
belonged to a white witch or charmer, I find a charm : ' A charam
for the bit of an ader. " Bradgty, bradgty. bradgty, under the
ashing leaf," to be repeated three times, and strike your hand with
the growing of the hare.' A braggaty cow ; Cor.* Of the skin of
a baby's limbs, ' bee what braggety legs he's got.'
[Of Celtic origin. Cogn. w. Ir. brecc, speckled ; Wei.
brych, a spot ; Bret, breach, small-pox (Du Rusquec) ; see
Stokes (in Kick'') 220.]
BRAGHAM, see Bargham.
BRAGWORT, see Bragget.
BRAICHUM, sec Bargham.
BRAICHUM-UP, V. and sb. BniT.' 1. v. To put on
much dress or wrap up for protection against the weather,
in an untidy fashion. 2. sb: The act of wrapping up in
3 B 2
BRAID
[372]
BRAIN
a clumsy way for protection against the weather, often
conveying the notion of over-care. See Bargham.
BRAID, 56.' Irel. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. e.An.
Al=o written brade Lan.i w.Yks. : breyd e.Lan.'; Ireid
w.Yks. Also in form bred N.Cy.^ Nhb.* e.An.' Nrf.' Suf.' ;
bread, brad N.I.' [bred, bred, brad.]
1. A shelf or board for holding crockery, &c.
w.Yks. He put abrade up for us to put meyt on i'th cellar (D.L.) ;
■w.Yks.", Lan.', e.Lan.', Chs.', nw.Der.i [Thoresby Lett. Ray
(1703 •]
2. A board to press curd for cheese, somewhat less m
circumference than the vat.
e.An.i, Nrf.i, Suf.'
3. In pi. the flat boards attached to a large beam, and
used for weighing.
N.I.i, N.Cy.', Nhb.i
[Brede, or lytylle borde, mmsida, tahella, asseniliis,
Prompt. ; Apon jje hefd o \\s, rode, ouer-thwart was don
a brede. Cursor M. (c. 1300) 16578. OE. bred, a board ;
cp. MHG. i/Y/ (Lexer).]
BRAID, v.'^ and sb.'^ Sc. Yks. Lin. Glo. e.An. LW. Dor.
Dev. Cor. Written breed LW.'= Cor.'^ [brSd, brid, Glo.
braid.]
1. V. To embroider.
n.Lin.', sw.Lin. R.E.C.)
Hence Braided, pp. embroidered. n.Yks.*
2. To plait, to form a cord of four threads ; to half cut
and then interlace quick or other hedge stuff.
S & Ork.i, e.An.' I.W.' ; I.W.2 I was breeden the thong of
a whip.
3. To make or mend fishing-nets with a mesh and
needle : to net.
Nrf. [Nets for eel-sets] are braided or made in the winter,
Davies Broads 1884) 249. Dor. Gl. (1851) ; (C.V.G.) Cor.12
Hence Braiding, vbl. sb. net-making.
e.An.i, Nif.i Dev. Grose (1790" MS. add. C.)
4. To wash out lightly, to 'net' iq.v.).
w.Yks.5 [Not known to our correspondents.]
5. sb. pi. An open wicker cage or guard, made of split
osier-twigs, for protecting newly grafted trees.
Glo. Marshall Riir. Econ. (1789 II. 283 ; Gl. iiSsO ; Glo.i
[1. I brayde sylke upon braj-des, or with bobyns,
Jeiitrelasse, Palsgr. (1530) ; They taughten him a lace
to braide, Gower C.A. (c. 1400) iii. 237; Breyde lacys,
nedo, torqiieo, Prompt. OE. bregilan,to weave; cp. ON.
bregma, to ' braid,' weave.]
BRAID, v.^ Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Der. Lin.
Also written braad w.Yks.' ; brade Sc. (J.^m.) N.Cy.' Nhb.'
n.Yks.' w.Yks.' n. Lin.' ne Lan.' ; bread m.Yks.'; breead
Wm.'; breed n.Yks.= w.Yks.^* ne.Lan.' ; breid Nhb.';
bried w.Yks.* [bred, bread, briad.]
1. To resemble in any way ; to take after. Ccii. with
prep. of.
Sc. 'Jam.) N Cy.l ; N.Cy.^ Ye breid of the miller's dog ; ye lick
your mouth, or the poke be ope, Prov. Nhb.' 1 Obs. Ciun. Bairns
braid o' their fore-elders, Ferguson Korllniun (1856) 171 ; Cum.^
Wm.' n.Yks. Dhu briads 3 ml, dhus nian ow3r mitsh brass (W.H.) ;
n.Yks.' It includes resemblance in feature or external appearance,
as well as in nature or disposition ; n.Yks. ^ ne.Yks.' In common
use. e.Yks. Bessy braids ov her muther, Nicholson Flk-Sp.
(1889) 96 ; e.Yks.' ' Of before a vowel, and ' on ' at the end of a
sentence. Ah can't tell wheeah he braids on. m.Yks.l w.Yks.
Thaa's lang a comin', thaa braads o haver malt, Prov. in Brighouse
Aews (July 23, 1887) ; (S.K.C.) ; w.Yks.' He braads o' th' dog i'
fboose, ii. 306; w.Yks. ^345 Lan.' He braids o" th' lot; he's
nooan a good un. nXan. (W.S.\ ne.Lan.' m.Lan.' When ony-
body says * brade o' me,' or ' brade as aw do,' they meean yo' to
do as they do. Der.' Obs. Lin. Streatfeild Lin. and Danes
(1884') 318. n.Lln.i That bairn braades o' it's gran'feyther.
2. To be of the same opinion, used in imp.
n.Lln.' Braade o' me, that lad 'all be a preacher when he's
grawd up.
(To breid, to be like in conditions, Bailey (1721) ;
Which froward monster. . . Braydeth on Hidra, Lydgate
Bochas (c. 1430) III. (N.E.D.) OE. bregdan, 'se vertere in
ahquid ' (Bosworth) ; cp. ON. bregma til, to resemble.]
BRAID, 11.3 and sb.^ Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Stf.
Lin. Glo. Written brade Dur.' w.Yks.' n. Lin.'; bray Glo.
[bred, brisd.]
1. V. To retch, vomit; to desire to vomit. See Abraid, z'.'^
n.Cy. Grose (i79o'> ; N.Cy.' Nhb.' Aa've braided sair aall neet,
doctor. Dur.' w.Yks. Willan List IVds. (i8ir); w.Yks.',
ne.Lan.', n.Lin.'
2. In phr. to braid (bray) about or back, to jerk or throw
oneself about ; to fall backwards from want of support.
Glo. Take care the baby does not braid-back (H.S.H.); Don't
bray back and break the back of that chair. To a child who was
throwing her head back : ' Kip yerself up and not bray about '
iS.S.B.); Grose (1790 MS. add. iH.)
3. Used of a cow during the throes of parturition.
Cum.'2
4. sb. A portion of the after-burthen of a cow.
Cum. An old farmer describes 'braid' as the leavmgs after the
after-burthen of a cow is removed (J. A.).
[Cp. ME. braide (breide), to make a sudden movement,
to burst into a cry ; ON. bregma, to move swiftly, to start.]
BRAID, v.* N.Cy.' Stf To upbraid, scold. Cf.
abraid, v.^
[Breydyn, or vpbreydyn, impropero. Prompt. ON.
bregma, to upbraid, blame.]
BRAID, v.^ e.An. [bred.] To beat and blend soft
substances ; esp. to press them with a spoon, &c., through
a colander or sieve.
e.An.i Suf. In common use. A mason braids the ingredients of
mortar with a shovel. In making rusks a housewife braids the
doua:h by squeezing and running it through her fingers ,,F.H.j;
i,Hj\L.R.-)
BRAID, see Brade, Bread.
BRAID-ROD, sb. w.Yks.^ [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] A j'ard-stick.
BRAIDY, adj. Yks. Foohsh.
Yks. Yks. N. & Q. (1888) II. 15. w.Yks. Used to show that a
person has nothing original about him, and that he only acts by
imitation, Watson Hist. Halifa.x (ins) 53^; w.Yks."
[Prob. the same as the braidie in Sc. braidieitess, reck-
lessness. I have sein them baith In braidieness and lye
aback, Montgomerie Cherrie &^ Siae (1597) 1423, ed.
Cranstoun, 49.]
BRAIK, see Braxy.
BRAIKEN, see Bracken.
BRAIKS, sb. Sh.I. [breks.] A common or pasture-
ground. S. & Ork.'
BRAIL, si.' Chs. Also in form brailer Chs.' ; breeler
s.Chs.' [brel, brilsfr).] A long briar or stick run along
the top of a new hedge to keep the twigs even and in
place. Also a dead hedge stuck on a cop top.
Chs.'3 s.Clis.' I once had a breeler described to me as ' dhaat
liinggedh-ur thingg- uz dhai piitn ut th top uvu ej, iin dhai kaun
it il breelur ' [that lung ether thing as they putten at th' top of
a hedge, an' they cawn it a breeler].
(The same as OFr. brail (also braiel), a breech-girdle
(Godefroy).]
BRAIL, sb.'^ Wxf.' pi. brailes. A barrel.
BRAIN, sb., adj. and v. Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng.
1. sb. In comp. (i) Brain.basket, see below ; (2) .brussen,
crackbrained, crammed with knowledge ; (3) -chass, (4)
•fag, hard study ; (5) -foisted, perverse, disaffected ; (6)
•mad, mad, determined; bent on; (7) •pan, the skull,
top of the head ; (8) -scholar, clever fellow, prodigy ; (9)
•Wright, one who thinks and does brain-work for another;
one with brain-power above the average; (10) •wud, mad,
excited.
(i; Oxf.i ' He wasn't about when the brain-basket went round,'
said of a person not very intelligent. (2) n.Yks.'^ (3) 16. Brain-
chass'd, mentally fatigued. (4, 5) ih. (6) Fif. Ilk man, brain-mad
to get away, Kickin' the neist to garr him gae, Tennant Papistiy
(1827) 207. (7) Sc. ' Clubs is the word.' ' And a hard word it is,
as my brain-pan kens at this blessed moment,' Scott Nigel (1822)
xi. w.Yks. It fell flat at top ov hiz awn brainpan, Tom Treddle-
HOYLEBniV;ts/a^nH. (1858, II. n.Lin.', Nhp.' Brks.' A gota cut
on the braain-pan. e.An.' Slang. The pitch bubbled in the seams
and the brain in the brain-pan, Stevenson & Osbourne Ebb Tide
BRAIN
[373]
BRAISSIL
(1894') 121. (8) Yks. Any Flamburian boy was considered a
'brain-scholar' and a ' head languager ' when he could write
down the parson's text, Blackmore Mary Anciley (1879) xi.
(9) n.Lin. Jack is a good hard-warkin' fella', but he is not much on
a brainwright (RI.P.) ; n.Lin.* sw.Lin.* I've had to be his brain-
wriglit all along. (10) Fif. St. Monan's fishermen, brain-wud,
Flang their auld deed stock-saint o' wood Aff their puir pier intii
the flood, Tennant Pafiistry {182-]) 12. Slk. That brainwud cratur
Harry Percy, Wilson Tales (1836J II. 94. n.Yks.'*
2. The voice.
Ags. A braw brain, a strong brain (Jam.)
3. Spirit, mettle.
Lth. Jam.), Gall. (A.W.)
Hence (i) Brainish, adj. hot-headed, high-spirited ; de-
lirious ; (2) Brainy, adj. unmanageable, spirited, Hvely.
(i) Per. He was brainish a wee during his illness (G.W.). Fif.
But fie, thou brainish Muse! what mean these vapourings !
Tennant Aiisier (1812) 4, ed. 1871. (2) w.Sc, Lth. (Jam.)
4. A severe injury. Also in form brainan. Bnflf.'
5. adj. Angry, furious, enraged.
Abd. (Jam.) ; I wat right well he was fu' brain, And fu' [how]
could he be ither! Skinner Poems ^1809) 126.
6. V. To understand, take in, grasp.
Suf. I can't brain that ; it's quite beyond me (F.H.).
7. To beat or knock out the brains. In gen. colloq. use.
Frf. Down wi' your pikes, or I'll brain you wi' them, Barrie
Miiiisler {iBgi) v. Rnf. Dinna Stan' there an' laugh at me or I'll
brain thee, Gilmour Paisley IVeavers (1876) 29. Edb. He'll brain
some of us with a lump of coal, Moir Maiisie Waiich (1828) xxv.
If. The insertion into the aperture of an old meal-bag stuffed with
stones, and her hairbreadth escape of being brained by a shower
of them, Barlow Idylls (1892) 57. Ant. Grose (1790) MS. add.
(C.) n.Cy. Grose U79o) MS. add. (P.)
8. To luirt, wound, bruise.
Sc. Mr. Gordon being in drink . . . and going up stairs, he lost
his feet, and brained himself. Walker Peden (1727) 53 (Jam.).
[1. (7) A woman cast a pece of a mylstone . . . and brake
his brane panne, CovERDALE(i535)y/((/g'fs ix. "^s ; Craiuum,
braynpanne, Triii. Coll. MS. (c. 1450), in Wright's I'oc.
(1884) 576, (10) He . . . |>at breme wat5& brayn-wod bothe,
GaK}ayne (c. 1360) 1580. 5. He walxis brayne in furour
bellicall, Douglas Liieodos (1513), ed. 1874, iv. 78; If any
... Be so bolde in his blod, brayn in hys hede, Gaivayiie
(c. 1360) 286. 6. 'Tis still a dream, or else such stuff as
madmen Tongue and brain not, Shaks. Cyiiib. v. iv. 147.
7. An I were now by this rascal I could brain him with
his lady's fan, ib. \ Hen. IV, 11. iii. 24.]
BRAIN, see Brown.
BRAINDING, pif. Sc. Striving on the harvest-field,
trying who will be first.
Per. ^G.W.) Ayr. Still in use, although ' kemping' is the more
common term (J.F.).
BRAINGE, V. and sb. Sc. Also in form braindge
(Jam.) ; brange, breenge, breinge. [brendg, brindg.]
1. V. To run rashly forward, start off suddenly, plunge ;
to vibrate, shake. Cf brainyell.
Sc. [Of a serpent] His tongue Out-braindging long, Drummond
.^//(rfo;;;(ir//)'(i846) 36. Per. (G.W.) Ayr. Thou never braindg't,
an' fctch't, an'fliskit. Burns To his Auld Mare, si. 12; Thebill[bull]
gaed breengin through the stanedyke. Service A'b/(J«rf«»M (1890)
103. Slk. (Jam.), Gall. (A W.)
Hence Breenging, ///. adj. dashing, plunging ; bustling.
Per. A bustling woman with a sharpish tongue is called
a 'breingin' bodie ' iG.W.l. Lth. You for a steady day's work,
Rosie : you're no' ane o' the breengcin', flingin' kind, Strathesk
Blinkboniiy (ed. 1891) 184.
2. To use violence ; to beat into pieces.
Sc. Breinge into bits, Waddell Ps. 1891) xxxvii. 17. Ayr.
Whiles he will so brainge, that he will lay the door on the floor,
Dickson Sd. Writings (1662 ; I. 124, ed. 1845.
3. sb. A plunge, dart forward, confused haste. Also used
fig. a fit of temper.
Sc. She gangs wi' sic a braindge, Ochiltree Redburn (1895) iv.
Fif. This bairn taks sic breenges whiles that I'm at my wits end
to ken what to dae wi' him, Robertson Provost 1,1894) 105.
Ayr. The coo made a breinge. the hare took to its heels, Johnston
Kihimtlie \\8()\ I. 39. Ayr., Gall. (Jam. 1 Gall. Doon Birsay fell
amang the peats wi' a brange that nearly biocht the hoose doon,
Crockett Moss-Hags (1895) xxiii. Kcb. Bailh wi' a brainge
Sprang, hap an' sten' out o'er a nettle An' cry'd, revenge, David-
son Seasons (1789' 35.
BRAINS, sb. pi. Ken. A lump of water-worn fossil
coral.
Ken. A small fossil chalk coral found at Charlton is called
' brains ' by the workmen there, N. & Q. (1877) 5th S. vii. 253.
BRAINYELL, t'. and s6. Sc. Also written brainzel Slk.
1. V. To break forth or rush forward witli violence ; also
/ig. to storm, rave like a virago. Cf. brainge.
Slk. They scream'd, they brauizellt, and they prayed, Hogg
Queer Bk. (1832) 16; Scho brainyellt up in ane foorye and
dowlicappydme, 16. IVinler Ev. Tales \i%zo) l\. 42 (Jam. \ Rxb. /'A.
2. sb. The act of rushing headlong or of doing anything
hurriedly and without care.
Slk. I took him [the dog] in aneath my plaid, for fear o' some
grit brainyell of an outbrik, Hogg Brownie 0/ Bodsbeck (1818) I.
141 (Jam.).
BRAIRD, sb. and v. Sc. Irel. n.Cy. Also in form
breard Sc. (Jam.) N.Cy.' ; braird Sc. [brird.]
1. sb. The first shoots or sprouts of j-oung corn, &.C.,
showing above ground. Cf. abreard, breward, sA.'
Sc. Morton Cyclo. Agrie. (1863); Better hain at the braird than
at the bottom, Ramsay Prov. (1737). Abd. The tremblin' breird
fa's sadden an' sear'd, Thorn R/tyiiies (1844) 107. Frf. When the
braird, that is, the young plants, come up, Stephens Fanii lik.
(ed. 1849) I. 539. Per. A considerable breadth of wheat has been
sown, and a fine braird has followed. Farmers' Jrii. (Mar. 30,
1829). Ayr. The promise of the braird gives me pleasure, Galt
Legatees (1820) viii. Lnk. The ky broke frae the byar, ran thro'
the braird. Black Falls of Clyde (1806) 133. Lth. Sweet were the
seeds sown, and rich was the braird, Ballantine Poems (1856) 3.
Slk. The green braird aneath your feet, Chr. North Noetes (ed.
1856) III. 2. N.Li, Uls. (M.B.-S.), N.Cy.i
2. Fig. Young fellow, person.
Cld. That callan is a fine braird of a man (Jam.).
3. pi. A coarse sort of flax ; the short tow which is
drawn out straight in carding it.
Sc. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; To be sold, a large quantity
of white and blue breards, fit for spinning yarn, Edb. Evening
Courant 'Sept. i, 1804) (Jam.). Ant. Grose (1790) MS. add. 1 C.)
4. V. To germinate, to sprout above ground. Also used
Sc. The beirs a-breir'd, Grose (1790^ MS. add. (C.) Fif. Auld
mither Yerth . . . breirds and beautifies apace, Tennant Papistry
(1827) 10.
Hence (i) Brairdie, adj. abounding with the first show
of grain ; 12) Brairding, vbl. sb., Jig. germination, first
sign of growth ; (3) Brairdit, /"/i/. adj. springing, showing
green.
(i) Sc. When I met j'e on the brairdie hill, Picken Poems
(1788) 147 (Jam.). (2) ib. I find a little breirding of God's seed in
this town, Rutherford Lett. (1765") I. 73 (ib.). (3I ib. Whuddin
hares 'mang brairdit corn, t^icoL Poems (1805! II. i {ib.). Ayr.
Giving promise of abundant crops, stretched well-brairdcd fields,
Johnston Kilmaltie (^1891) 1. 81.
[I. The cornis croppis and the beris new brerd,
Douglas Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, iv. 82. 4. The wickit
thocht begynnis for to breird, Henrvson Fables (c. 1450)
1904 (Anglia, IX. 461). Cogn. w. ON. bioddr, a spike on
a plant (Vigfusson).]
BRAISE, sb. Sc. Also written braze (Jam.), (i)
The roach, Leticisctis riitilus; (2) A fish of the genus
Pagnis vulgaris.
(1I Slg. Salmon, pike, and eels of different kinds, frequent the
Enrick and Blane; but no fish in greater abundance than the
braise, Killeani Statist, .^ec. XVI. 109 Jam.). ^2;[Satchell\,i879).]
BRAISHY, see Erashy.
BRAISSIL, II. and sb. Sc. Also written brassle.
1. V. To work hurriedly. Rxb. (Jam.)
2. sb. A rush, sudden start. Also in phr. to work by
braissils, to work unevenly, by fits and starts.
Slk. She gied a spang intil the road and then sic a brassle a'
three thegithcr up the brae, Chr. North A'oc/fs (cd. 1856) IV. 99.
Rxb. Jam.)
[The same as ME. brasllicn, to crackle, to rattle. Sceldes
brastleden, hclmes tohelden, LA3AM0N (c. 1205) 27463.
OE. biaflliaii.)
BRAIZE
[374]
BRAMBLE
BRAIZE, sec Broose.
BRAK, see Brack.
BRAKE, sb.' and v. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Lin. Nhp.
Shr. Ken. Sus. Also written braik Sc. (Jam.) N.I.' Nhb.';
break Sc. (Jam.) n.Lin.' Shr. Sus.' [brek.]
1. sb. A tootlied instrument used in dressing flax or hemp.
Sc. A braik for hemp, that she may rub, Watson Co//, t 1706)
HI. 47 (Jam.). Cum.', n Lin.l Shr. They break or divide the
woody part from the skin or rind, by a simple machine called
a break or tutor, which consists of three or four ribs of wood or
iron which fall into each other, Marshall Review (1818) II. 250.
[Kennett Par. Atitiq. (1695).]
2. A large heavy harrow used for breaking the clods in
rough ground.
Rnf. A pair of harrows, or brake, for two horses, on the best
construction, Wilson Rnf. I1812! 87 (Jam.). Ayr. Pownies reek
in p!eiigh or braik, Burns E/> Lapraik Apr. 21, 17851 st. i. N.I.'
Sometimes called a ' double harrow,' usually drawn by two horses ;
the ' single harrow ' is much smaller, and is drawn by one horse.
N.Cy.',Nhb.', Nhp.l
3. A plough, drawn by a hor.se, for hoeing between
growing plants where the space between the rows is very
narrow. Also in comp. Brake-plough.
Ken. Strictly speaking the term * brake ' is restricted to an
implement which hoes only one row at a time, the term ' horse-
hoe ' being given to the implement which hoes more than one
(P.M.) ; Ken.i Ken., Sus. Holloway. Sus.'
4. v. To clear the rows between plants, &c., with a
'brake.' Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.'
[1. A break for flax, Linifraiigibula, Coi.es (1679);
Brioche, a brake for hemp, Cotgr. Du. ' braccke, a brake
to beate flaxe or hempe' (Hexham); LG. braahe, brake
(Berghaus); MLG. 6rrt/I'(? (ScHiLLER-LiJBBENj. Cp. MHG.
breche (Lexer).]
BRAKE, sb? Sus.i [brek.] A kneading trough.
[A brake, such as bakers use, Artopta, Gouldman (1678) ;
A brake, niaclra, Baret (1580).]
BRAKE, si.* Nhp. [brek.] A strong wooden frame
formed of four posts with two bars on each side, used to
confine restive horses while being shod. Nhp.' [(K.)]
[Brake, an engine to confine a horse's legs when unruly
in shoeing, or any other operation, Nares ; He is falne
into some brake, some wench has tyed him by the legges,
Shirley Opporhmiiic (1640) H. sig. C 4.]
BRAKE, ii." Nhb. Dur. A boring-tool used in coal-
mines, consisting of a beam with a crook at one end to
which the bore-rods are attached by a chain and sling-
rope.
Nlib.* When the depth attained in boring has become so great
that the bore-rods cannot be lifted by the men at the brace head,
then the brake is brought into requisition. Nhb., Dur. Nicholson
Coa/ Tr. CI. (1888).
BRAKE, sb.^ Often in pi. n.Cy. Chs. Not. Nhp. e.An.
Ken. Sus. Hmp. Dev. Written breks Not.'' [brek. Not.
brek.]
1. The common bracken, Pleris aquilina, and other large
ferns.
n.Cy. Seldom used, Grose (17901 MS. add. ; N.Cy.^ Brakes is
a word oi gen. use all Eng. over. Chs. '^^ Not.^, Nhp.' e.An.'
The Pleris nqiii/ina, which we almost exclusively call brakes, only
occas. including some other ferns. Suf. Rainbird Agric. (18191
289, cd. 1849. Ken. (W.F.S.) ; Commons covered with furze,
thorns, brakes, or heath, Marshall /f«7(7ti (1817) V. 424. Sus.' 2
Hmp.' Also called fern brakes. Dev.^ [Kennett Par. An/iij.
(16951.]
2. Comp. Brake-fern, any common fern.
Ess. Brake-fern is a gen. word all Eng. over, and better known
in this county than fern ; indeed the only word in use among the
vulgar, who understand not fern, Ray 11691) (_s.v. Bracken). Hmp.'
[1. Feiichicre, fearn, brakes, Cotgr.; Filix fociniim, . . .
in French Fougere feiiielle, in English braKe, common
feme, and female feme, Gerarde Herb. (ed. 1633) 1130;
Fciigere, a brake, Biblesw. (c. 1300) in Wright's Voc.
(1857) 156.]
BRAKE, sb.^ Sc. n.Cy. Nhp. Wor. Shr. Glo. Oxf.
LW. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written break Sc. (Jam.) ;
briake Dor.' [brek, briak.]
1. A copse, thicket ; a strip or piece of rough land
covered with gorse, furze, &c.
Elg. I'm nae sae dour, ye may be sure, Amang the brake wi'
somebody. Tester Poems (1865) 220. Per. A brake of gorse and
bramble bushes, Ian Maclaren Brier Bush (1895) 6. Ayr. As
flies the partridge from the brake, ViVRfis Bank of F/owers, St. 7.
n.Cy. GuosE (,1790) ./1/5. orfrf. (P.) Nhp.', s.Wor. l,H.K.) Shr.'
If some o' that theer fyarn an' gorst wuz cut i' brakes, we mct'n
'ave some chonce to get the rabbits out. Glo.**^ Oxf. iK.), I.W.2
w.Cy. She ran forth and back round a brake of furze, Hunt Pop.
Rom. w.Eng. (1865) I. 100. Dor.' Nanny . . . Jumped off into
zome girt briake, 178. w. Som.' Often called u vuuz brae'uk [a
furze brake]. Dev. 'Twas a very steep fall, and covered with
brambles and fuzzy brakes, as she called them, Peakd Mother Molly
(,1889) 146; Dev.' n. Dev. Two buoys at their gammets in a brake,
Rock Jim an Nell (1867) St. 106. [Removing their ewes from
the turnip brake during the day, Armitage Sheep (1882) loi.]
2. Comp. Brake-hopper, the grasshopper warbler, Loctt-
slella noevia.
[Johns Brit. Birds (1862) ; So called from its habit of lurking in
thick bushes, Swainson Birds (1885) 28.]
3. A large quantity, esp. applied to flowers.
Cor.' A brake of honeysuckle.
4. Fig. A considerable number of people.
Fif. A break of folk (Jam.).
[1. So thick entwin'd, As one continu'd brake, the under-
growth Of shrubs, Milton P.L. (1667) iv. 175 ; Under this
thick-grown brake we'll shroud ourselves, Shaks. 3 Hen.
I'l, III. i. I. LG. braken (pi.), 'die dicksten Aste der
BaOme, das Schlagholz' (Berghaus) ; MLG. fo-a^^, ' zweig '
(ScHILLER-LiJBBEN).]
BRAKE, see Break.
BRAKE-SIEVE, s/a Nhb. An apparatus for washing
lead-ore, consisting of a sieve hung at the end of a wooden
lever or brake. Cf. brake, sb.''
sw.Nhb. A man will tub, at least, four or five times as much in
a day, in the brake-sie\c as he can do in the hand-sieve, Forster
Strata (^1821) 339.
Hence Braking, vbl. sb. working a brake sieve.
sw.Nhb. Braking or tilting is performed by the boy at the end
of the lever, standing upright, and jumping a little up and down ;
the contents of the sieve are altered, in position, by the jerking
and suddenness of the motion, and the heavier and purer parts of
the sieve ore settle to the bottom of the sieve, ib. 345.
BRAKESMAN, sb. Nhb. Dur. The man in charge of
the winding engine at a pit. Cf. brake, sb.*
Nhb. As Jemn-.y the brakesman and me Was taukin, Midford
Coll. Sngs. (_i8i8j 29 ; Nhb.' Nhb., Dur. Greenwell Coal Tr. CI.
(1849).
BRAKE-SO"WT, see Braxy.
BRAKET, see Bragget.
BRAKING, 2'W. 5/). Obs.1 Sc. Puking, retching.
Abd. Gut and ga' she keest with braking stiange, Ross Uelenore
(1768) 61, ed. 1812.
[Brakynge or parbrakynge, vomiltts. . . . Brakyn or
castyn or spewe, vomo, Prompt. ; As an hounde }>at et
gras, so gan ich to brake, P. P/mviiiait, (c.) vii. 431. Cp.
Du. broken, to vomit; Bremen bra'keii, 'vomere' (It'/bc/i.).]
BRAKSHY, sec Braxy.
BRAKUIVI, see Bargham.
BRALER, sb. Dor. [brel3(r).] A bundle of straw.
See Brawler.
Dor. Gl. (1851); Dor.t
BRAMBLE, sb. and v. In gen. dial, use in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Also in forms bramley Wm. ; brammle e.Yks.' ;
bremble Dor. ; breniel Nhb.'; brinible Clis.'^ Shr.' Sur.
Dor. Cor.; brimel Wxf.'; brimmel Nhb.'; brimnile Wm.'
w.Som.' ; broomle Cum.; briimble e.An.' Nrf.' Suf ' ;
brumley Cum. Yks. ; brummel n.Yks."^ ne.Yks.' ni.Yks.'
Hmp.'
1. 5/*. The blackberry, Rnbiis frulicosns ; applied both to
the briars and, in n.Cy., to the fruit.
Fi'. Placing the blackberries on the kitchen table he said, ' There's
twa-three brummles I gathered,' Robertson Provost (1894) 77.
Lth. Our fingers an' lips were inky Wi' . . . bram'les an' slaes,
Strathesk More Bits (ed. 1885) 297 ; Ramblin', an' scramblin' For
brummels, hyps, an' haws, Smith Merry Bridal (1866) 35. Wxf.',
Nhb.' e.Dur.' Bramble pudding. Wm.' Thcr's brimmles lang
BRAMBLING
[375]
BRAND
eneuf to hing a coo. n Yks.* ; n.Yks.^ An abundance in Autumn
denotes a hard coming winter; a simitar prophecy applying to the
red produce of the hawthorn, or ' cat haws.' Brambles are not to
be eaten after Micliachnas, for by that time ' the devil iias waved
his club over the bushes!' ne.Yks.', e.Yks.', m.Yks.' w.Yks.
Banks WkJlJ. ll'ds. (1865^ n.Lan. West Giiit/e lo Lukes 1,1780).
Chs.'3 sw.Lin.' The hedges are black over wi' brambles. Shr.'
Obs. I mun push tuthr^ e brimbles i' the glat till it can be tined.
e.An.i Nrf. CozENS-IlAKDY^/oarfA'// ( i893")83 ; Mind yaw them
there brumbies, they'll scratch yar legs ^W.R.E.); Nrf.', Suf.
(F.H.) Sur. She didn't want to be there no more nor among
brimbles, Baring-Gould i?»'oo;;/-S(7/*/^Y (1896) 137. Hmp.* Dor.
Roun' the berried brcmble bow, BAHNEs/l9fH(s(i863) 79; (C.W.)
Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eug. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873).
w.Som.* Bruml. The word ' bramble ' is never heard ; those who
have been to school, and so have been taught the modern spelling,
always say briim bl. Dev. Blackberries 'pon brim'Ies hangs,
PuLMAN Sketches (1842) 31, ed. 1853 ; Dev.* w.Cor. (M.A.C.)
2. Coiitp. (i) Bramble-berry, (2) -cock, the fruit of the
blackberry, Riilnis frii/icosiis; (3) -finch, the mountain
finch or brambling (q.v.) ; (4) -gelder, a farmer, used
contemptuously ; (5) -kites, blackberries ; (6) -nosed,
having a purplish, thick nose like a drunkard; (7) -vinegar,
vinegar made of blackberries.
(i) Per. To feast on the bramble-berries brown, Nicoll Pot»ts
(18371 75, ed. 1843. Ayr. Famed among the schoolboys of the
town for nests and brambleberries, Galt Lairds (1826) v. Gall.
She was fondest o' bramble-berry jelly o' a' the sugar conserves
that are made, Crockett Raidtrs (1894} xxiii. Nhb.^ (2) e.An.
(3) Nrf. Cozens Hardy Broad Nrf. (1893) 43; Swainson Birds
(1885164. (4) e.An.', Nrf.l, Suf.l (5 1 Cum. (J.Ar.l Cum., Wm.
N. & Q. (1887I 7th S. iv. 408. Wra. The hedges are full of
bramlcy-kites (,B.K.). m.Yks.l (6in.Yks ' ; n.Yks.* A brummcl-
nooas'd yal-swab. ne.Vks.' In fairly common use. m.Yks. ' (-] ,
sw.Lin.' There's nothing afore bramble vinegar for a cough.
3. Rosa caiiiiia, wild rose (Shr.).
4. Withered branches, twigs, S:c., which are gathered
for firewood.
N.I.l Ant. BaUyiimm Obs. (1892).
Hence Bramelly, or Brambled, acff. twisted, misshapen,
crooked.
N.I.' A bramelly legged man is a man who is either knock-
knccd or out-kneed, or has misshapen feet and legs.
5. Fig. A lawyer.
Ken. (,W. F.S ) ; A sarcastic allusion to the tangles of the law,
Farmer.
6 V. To pick blackberries.
n.Yks.', ne.Yks.', sw.Lin.'
Ilcnce BramL ling. />;-/. gathering blackberries.
Nhb., Dur. When I was a boy, brambling was better understood,
or at any rate much more freq. used, than blackberrying, A'. C'' O.
(1886) 7th S. ii. 393- Yks. 16. n.Lin.' sw.Lin.' There's a sight
of folks comes out brambling.
[1. Riibiis, in Italian garsa, in English bramble bush,
and black-berry bush, Gerarde Herb. (ed. 1633) 1274 ; My
wrcchit fuid wes berreis of the brymmil, Douglas
Encatios (1513), ed. 1874, 11. 159 ; Brinibyl (v. r. brembel)
and thorn it sal |;e jeldc, Cursor M. (c. 1300J 924. OE.
brriiiei]
BRAMBLING, s/a Nhb. limp.
1. The mountain finch, Friiigilla inniilifriiigilla.
Nhb.' [FoRSTER Swallows (,1817) 74; Swainson i'lVc/.s (1885)
64.]
2. A young bird of the sxxovjhnrAmg.Plectrophanes nivalis.
e.Hmp. White Selbonie (1788) 61, ed. 1B53. [Johns Brit. Birds
(1862) ; Swainson Birds (1885) 72.]
[1. A brambling, a bird, a sort of chaflinch, Bailey
(1721) ; Brambline, Moiitifriiigilla avis, 'sic dicta a Rubis
quorum fructu gaudet,' Skinner (1671) ; A bramlin, bird,
tiuiiilifringeUa, Levins Manip. (1570).]
BRAME, sb.^ Wm. Lin. Written braam Wm.
1. The blackberry.
Wm. Gibson Leg. and Notes (1877') 91.
2. Conip. Brameberries. [Not known to any of our
correspondents in the n. counties.]
Liu, Streatfeild Lin. and Dams (1884) 318 ; Lin.' s. v.
Brambles.
[1. Hec Iributiis, bramc, Voc. (c. 1425) in Wright's Voc.
(1884) 646. Cogn. w. MDu. braiite, the blackberry (Ver-
DAM).]
BRAME, sb.'^ Suf. Also written breem. [brim,
brim.) Nitfiieiiiiis pliaeopus, the whimbrel, a bird closely
allied to the curlew.
Su'. (C.G.B.) e.Suf. Swainson Birds (1885) 200; e.An. Dy.
Times (1892).
BRAMISH, V. e.An. [bre mij.] To flourish, gesticu-
late ; to assume affected airs, to brag.
e.An.' Nrf. Miller & Skertchly Feiiland {iS-j9\ 126: Nr'.'
[Cp. Sw. dial, braiiia, to be ostentatious i Rietz). The
word is altered after vbs. in -ish ; cp./aiiiis/i.]
BRAMLIN, see Brandling.
BRAMLING, sb. Ken. Also in form brambling. A
species of hop-plant.
Ken. (W.F.S.) ; iE.H.S.") ; It has no connexion with 'brambles,'
but is named after the farm where the original sets were raised,
Brambling Farm, in the parish of Ickham. It came into gen. use
about 25 years ago, and is now very much used, and regarded as
a superior variety (P.M.). ne.Ken. 1 1.M.)
BRAMMEL-WORM, BRAMMIN, see Brandling.
BRAMMLE, see Bramble.
BRAMMO, sb. Sh. & Or.I. Also written bramo
(Jam. Siippl.). A mess of water and oatmeal, or milk and
meal mixed together.
Or.I. (S.A.S.l Sh. & Or I. (Jam. Siifipl.) ; S. & Ork.'
BRAM-SKIN, see Barmskin.
BRAMSTICKLE see Eanstickle.
BRAN, sb. Lin. Oxf. Nrf. Suf Also written brun
Nrf Suf. [bran, brasn.]
1. In//. Freckles. Oxf^, Suf. (F.I I.)
Hence Branny ibrunny), adj. freckled.
Oxf.', Nrf., Suf. P.II.E.)
2. Comb, (i) Brunhulled, «(/;. freckled; (2) Bran-in-the>
face, phr. freckles.
(i) Suf. iF.H.'i ; (M.E.R.) (2"! sw Lin.>
[Fr. bran de Iiidas, freckles in the face (Cotcr.) ; cp.
Sherwood (s.v. Morpheiv). Littre says, ' Bran dc Judas,
tache de rousseur au visage. Locution vieillic, et qui
vient sans doute de ce qu'on se representa Judas roux.'
Brand de Judas, ' Frccken or freccles in ones face '
(Palscr.).]
BRAN, see Brand, Brawn.
BRANCH-COAL, s;:-. n.Cy. (Hall.) w.Yks." Cannel-
coal.
BRANCHER, sb. Sc. Lon. A young bird, esp. when
scarcely able to fly.
Sc. Young rooks, or, as we ca' them, branchers, Wilson Tales of
Borders ( 1836 1 II. 184. Rxb. Young crows, after leaving the nest
and betaking themselves to the boughs or branches (Jam.\ Lon.
A goldfinch is so called by London fanciers in its first year,
Swainson Birds (1885') 58. [Johns Btit. Birds (1862 609.]
[Brancher, a bird newly out of the nest, and that flics
from one branch to another, Bailey (1755) ; Espcrvier
braiichiir, a brancher, or young hawk, newly come out of
the nest, Cotgr.]
BRAND, s6.' Irel. Nhb. Dun Yks. Lan. Also Wor.
Shr. Hrf Glo. e.An. Ken. Sur. Sus. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev.
Also in forms bran Som. ; braun(d Dev. ; brawn Dev.' ;
broan Wxf.' n.Dev.; bron(d Dor.'Som.; brun(d se.Wor.'
s.Wor.i Shr.' Hrf.^ Glo.'
1. A log of wood for burning; a stout branch suitable
for firewood.
Wxf, w.Yks.' s.Wor.' A Christmas brun. se.Wor.' Also called
hind-brun, a log of wood suitable for laj-ing behind or at the back
of the grate. Shr. As soon as the brand was safely settled in its
place, the Christmas ale was tapped, Burne FtkLore (1883-86)
xxix ; Shr.' Put a good brund o' the fire. Hrf.'' They used to
take a horse to c.irry in a brun on Christmas day. Glo. Baylis/////s.
Dial. (1870) ; Glo.' Common. Nrf. Applied to the stems or stout
parts of the thorn, Wright. Dor. As we zot roun* the branils,
Barnes Poems (1869) 95; Dor.' While she warm'd 'em zome cider
avore the bron, 210. Som. iJ.S.F.S."i; Jennings Dial. wEng.
(1869"!. w.Som.' It is generally understood to be split into
a convenient size for a hearth fire, and cut three feet in length.
Cleftin brans is favourite work in frostj' weather. Haut ee aaks
vur dhai branz ? [what (,doi you ask for those brands'] See Cord.
BRAND
[376]
BRANDIS
Dev. Yu'd best ways bring in a gude stug ov braunds. or yu'll git
no vire, Hewett Peas. Sfi. ^18921 ; Dev.' n.Dev. Ye'Il zing anither
tune Avore the braun's a-burned again, Rock Jim an' Nell (,1867)
St. 41.
2. CoDip. (i) Brandbidd, (2) -bitle, a heavy mallet for
cleaving wood ; (3) -fire, a fire made with ' brands' ; a
bonfire; (4) -irons, (n) andirons, firedogs to support
burning wood in an open fireplace ; (b) an iron stand on
which vessels are placed over the fire, cf. brandis, bran-
dreth ; (c) kettles, pots, pans, &c. ; (5) -rick, a stack of
firewood cut and split into ' brands.'
(i) Som. iJ.S.F.S.) e.Som. Called also a beetle ::G S.). (2)
W. & J. Gl. (lS^3'\. (3) Glo.i Som. Jennings Dial, w Eng { 1869).
(4,a)n.Cy. Grose 1790 ; N.Cy.i, Nhb.i, Shr.i Obs. Ken. P.M.);
Ken.l Also called cob-irons ; Ken.^ Sur.' Common iu most farm-
houses. Sus.i Wil. What are usually called dog-irons on the hearth
are called brand-irons, Jefferies Heigrw. liBSg) 189. lA) n.Cy,
Grose ,1790). Yks. Leeds Merc. Siipfil. (July 11, 1896I. Dev.
Stand tha brass milk-pan 'pon the brandires and put zome live
cawls under 'n, Hewett Pffls. Sp. C1892). n.Dev. Trivets, iron
rings supported by three feet. Sometimes triangular irons, with an
iron leg at each angle, Grose U790) ^^S- add. (H.) [ci Wxf.'
Trippealhes an brand-eyrons war ee-brought, 98. n.Dav. Some-
times a pot, commonly the milk-pan, Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.)
(5: w. Sora.t
3. In comb, (i) Brand-fire-new, see Fire-new, (2) -span,
(3) -spander-new, quite fresh, bran-new; (4) -spanker,
any fine new article ; (5) -spankin (-nevsr, (6J -span-new,
quite new.
(i) ne.Lan.*, e An.^^, Nrf.' (a1 w.Yks. In his bran-span best,
Nidderdale Aim. (1876). (3) N.Cy.i n.Yks. Ah wad gan te
Stowslay an' buy a bran spander new un, Tweddell Clevel.
Tf/jy/ijfs (1875) 37 ; n.Yks. ^2 e.Yks. Marshall /?»)-. ^cou. (1788).
(4 n.Yks. A'v gitten a new knife, an' it's a brandspanker
(W.H.). (5) e.Dur.* w.Yks.'^ A bran spankin moggana table.
(6j Dur.' Yks. Gkose i 179O) MS. add. n.Yks.', ne.Lan.i, e.An.^
Ess. Monthly Mag. ^1815:. I. 125 ; Bran-span-new [suit of clothes],
— as 3'it in them He'd nut e'en bin to chutch, Cuvrk J. Noakes
('839) 13-
[A brand of fire, (orris, Coles (1679) ; As sparkle out
of the bronde, Chaucer C. T. b. 2095; If })OU a brand })ar-
in wil cast, pe fire it haldes |)ar stedfast. Cursor M. (c. 1300)
2873. OY.. brand {broiid): cp. ON. Z)rrt«(/r, a log for burning.]
BRAND, sb.'^ Nrf. Suf Dev. Also in form brawn
Dev.' [braend.] The smut in corn, a blight making it
look as if scorched. Cf bran.
e.An.' e.Nrf. Marshall Riir. Econ. (1787). Suf. Rainbird
Agric. (1819) 289. ed. 1849. Dev.' [Grose (1790'.]
Hence Brandy (brand(ed), ndj. smutty, blighted.
e. An.', Nrf.' e.Nrf. Marsh.\ll /^»n fcoH. (1787). Suf.' , Dev.'
[Grose (1790).]
[Du. brand, smut, black, rust in corn, see Hexham Is. v.
Brandt) ; cp. G. brand, a disease in plants (S.\nders).]
BRAND, V. Obsol. Cor. To set up turves on end to
dry in the sun.
Cor. Called by Exmoor people ' to stool turves,' Grose (1790)
AfS. add. (H.'l; Cor. ^ .Still used occas. Peat, when offered for
sale, is said to have been ' carefully branded in dry weather."
BRANDAED, see Branded.
BRANDAS, see Brandis.
BRANDED, adj. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Ken. Also
in forms brandaed S. & Ork.' ; brandie(d Sc. ; brandit
Nhb.'; brandy Ken.'^; bran'it Abd. ; brannet N.I.';
brannit Sc. ; branny, brawny (Jam.), [brandsd.] Of
animals : brindled, of mixed colour, streaked, brown.
Sc. The broked cow and . . . the branded bull. Lads of Wampliray
in Scott il/i'//5/rc/sy (ed. 1806. I. 278; In a brannit owse hide he
wasbuskit, JamiesonPo/i. Ballads u8o6j I. 298. S. & Ork.' Abd.
A bran'it coo, Alexander yo/u/HV Gibb ' 1871) xliv. N I.', N.Cy.'
Nhb.' ' A brandit stot ' is a beast of a mixed black and red colour.
n.Yks.' Ofa mixed red and brown colour, with some black hairs
among the red and brown ones, showing a cross in the breeding.
w.Yks.'3, ne.Lan.l Ken. iP.M.); Ken.'^
Hence Brandy (Brannie), sb. a brindled cow.
Sc. Grose 17901 MS. add.' C.) Rxb. (Jam.) Gall. (A.W.)
Ke 1. Dem two ole brandies (P.M.'i.
[They saw a branded serpent sprawl, Chapman I/iad
(1611) XII. 217.]
BRANDER, sb. and v. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Lin. Nhp.
Also written brandire n.Cy. ; brandre n.Yks. ^ ; brandur
(Jam.). Cf brandise, brandreth.
1. sb. A gridiron.
Sc. A couple of fowls ... reeking from the gridiron — orbrander,
as Mrs. Dinmont denominated it. ScoiT Gitv M. (1815) xxiv;
And roasts to roast on a brander, Ramsay Tea-Table Misc. (1724)
I. 87, ed. 1871; Also a toasting-fork (,?) Mackay. Inv. (,H.E.F.)
Per. (G.W.) Gall. Burn me on the deil's brander, but I'll find
him out, Crockett Moss Hags (1895) ix. N.I.' Ant. Ballymoia
Obs. (1892). N.Cy.', n.Yks.2
2. A trivet, or framework on which to rest vessels over
the fire.
nCy. Grose (1790). n.Yks.i w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Sufifil.
(Nov. 28, 1891) ; Watson Hiit. HJf.x. (1775I 532 ; w.Yks.*, Nhp.'
3. Coiiip. (i) Brander-bannock, a cake baked on the
gridiron ; (2) -iron, a gridiron.
(i) Sc. Mackay. Abd. Called also simply Bannock, or Brander'd-
bannock (Jam.). (21 N Cy '
4. An andiron or dog ; a pair of which were used in an
open fireplace, to support the burning wood. w.Yks.',
n.Lin.*
5. In//, the supports ofa corn-stack.
n.Cy Grose (1790;.
6. A framework or support used in buildirg, as founda-
tion or scaft'olding. Gen. in pi.
Sc. Branders is now gen. applied to the trestles or supports of
a scaffold, &c. (Jam. Siippl.) Nhb.' The piers or ;but ing part of
the foundations ofa bridge which become visible whe 1 the water
is low.
7. A grating placed over the mouth of a drain or sewer.
Abd., Rxb. (Jam.) Per. (W.G.)
8. V. To broil or bake over the fire ; to be broiled.
Sc. I'll brander the moorfowl . . . brought in this morning, Scott
IVavefley (1814) Ixiv. Frf. Leeby was at the fire brandering a
quarter of steak on the tongs. Barrie 7"/;r»;;/5 1889) iii. N.Cy.',
n.Yks.'^^ m.Yks.' vi.Yk^". Leeds Merc. Siippl. (Nov. 28, iSgr).
Hence (i) Brandered, ppl. adj. cooked on a gridiron;
(2) Brandering, vbl. sb. cooking on a gridiron.
{1) Sc. A brandered fowl, Scott 6'/. Notiau 1824 xxviii ; Grose
1790) MS. add. i,C.) Slk. iJF.) n.Yks.2 f2 1 Edb. What an
insight into the secrets of roasting, brandering, frying, boiling, &c.,
MoiR Maiisie U'aiich (1828" 211.
9. To form a foundation or support in building, as
foundation for ceiling, framework for scaffolding, <S:c.
Sc. (Jam. Suppl. i Per. Esp. to fix transverse strips of wood in
making the foundation for a ceiling vG.W.l. Gall. (;A.\V.)
Hence (i) Brandered, ppl. adj. of ceilings: having a
framework in addition to the joists ; (2) Brandering, sb.
scaft'olding, or framework for panelling.
(i)Per. Brandered ceilings are made with a view to strength
(G.W.). (2; Sc. I Jam. Sh/i/>/.) Per. Known only in joiners' trade
in this locality (G.W."". Gall. Obsol. The joists, in building, are
arranged in a form resembling that of the gridiron or 'brander'
(A.W.).
[1. A fr3-ing-pan, two branders, Inventoiy (i-joS) in
Dunbar's Social Life, 212 (Dav.). The word is a form of
obs. E. brand-iron. A brandiron, or posnet, cliylra, Baret
(1580).]
BRANDERI, BRANDERY, BRANDHERD, see
Brandreth.
BRANDICE, see Brandis.
BRANDIED, see Branded.
BRANDING-DAY, sb. Nhp.^ A day for branding or
marking horses and cattle ; hence the day set apart for
opening the freemen's commons at Northampton.
BRANDIRE, see Brand. Brander.
BRAND-IRON, sb. n.Lin.' Shr.' A branding-iron for
branding cattle or farming stock.
BRANDIS(S, sb. Gmg. Pem. e.An. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor.
Also written brandas Pem. ; brandice e.An.' Suf Cf
brander, brandreth. [brsendis.]
1. A three-legged iron stand used for supporting a pan
or kettle over the fire ; used also to support burning
brands.
Gmg. Collins Gower Dial. (1850). Pem. Jago Dial. (1882"! 102.
s.Pem. Put the kiddle on the brandas (W.M.M.). Dor. There
BRANDLING
[377]
BRANG
was a great b ack crock upon the brandise, Hardy Madding
Cowd ,n Corn/,. Mag (1874) 505 ; (C.V.G.) Som. W. & J. G/.
(1873J; Jennings Obs. DM. w.E„g. (18251. w.Som.> The
bran-dees [bran -deez] consists of a rtat iron ring of about seven
inches diameter, into which arc welded three straight legs so as
to support the ring horizontally at about a foot from the ground
(No other name.; Dev.i I've a got an iron porrige crock, a iriddle,'
a pair o brandis, 46. n.Dev. An' auff tha brandis tak' tha crock
RocK/,mfl« ;V,.//(]867)st. I. nw.Dev.l Cor. A large open '
fireplace contained a brandiss, Tregellas Taks (1868) 95T Janev
took good care to cover the fire ;-Turn'd down the brandis on the
baking-ire, Hijnt Pop. Ron,. iv.Eng. (1865) I. 80 ; Cor.12 w Cor.
„ the kettle pen the brandis, Tho.ias Randigal Rhymes (zSg^) 2
2. Co;«6. (i) Brandis-fashion, (2) -wise,' forming a
triangular figure. ''
IT -'j u "*■"•' , Suf- lowers planted brandice fashion (C.G.B.V
used by an old gardener to denote the pattern in which he planted
knots of flowers, f.An. Dy. Ti.nes (iSgaX Dor. Trees, when
planted in rows, are ranged brandis-fashion or 'in each other's
opes (U.F.C). w.Som.» Three poles set apart at the bottom, but
inclinmg so as to meet at the top, would be described as set up
brandis-fashion. Any triangular arrangement of pegs or sticks set
on end would also be thus described. 12, Dev. Spoken of three
things arranged at equal angles with each other, thus Y ^R.P C 1
LI- It m one paire of andirons, one paire of dosges and ii
hr^nei\z^s Inventory E.yelcr (1609) (w.Som.M. OE. brand-
w'- ,^"f-""v i'"'"^^^'"' ^'oc. MS. Colt. (c. 1080), in
Wright's foe. (1884)329.]
BRANDLING, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Lin.
Also bus. Also in forms bramlinfg ( |am.) n.Yks»-
brandlin ne.Lan.' n.Lin.'; branlin(g Cum.' Wm ' n Yks '
vv.Yks.i; branliefjAM.). [bra'nlin.]
1. A young salmon ; occas. a trout.
r-ir (Jam.) N.Cy.l Nhb. Lang Rothbury's streams for the
brandling, Ch.xr.n-ley Fishers Carl. (,830) 5; Nhb.l Cum
Hutchinson Ihst. Can. (1794) I. 460; Cum.= ne.Lan.i Sus
i/^r > oPV '• ^"'^ '•PP''^'' °i''y 'o a small trout (E.E.S.V \Slal
t let. (1861) Cl.X. § 4.] ^ ' L
2. Coinp. Brandling-worm, a striped worm used in
trout-fishing.
Nhb.l aIjo j.a|]j.j f,,g Dew-worm. Cum.i
3. A kind of red and yellow earthworm, found in manure
neaps, used for fishing.
x,..^''?;,A',?° ,""'''' Brammel-worm, Brammin (Jam.). N Cy •
Nhb. We II tell where best the trouts were found, "With brandling
or with fly, Charnley Fishers Carl. (1831) 5. Wm • n Yks 1
They are of a bright red colour encircled with numerous yellow
rings, and give forth a thick yellow fluid, of rather an ill savour
when touched ; n.Yks.3, w.Yks.' Lin. Brandling, al.is Dew-worm'
nnVHS, bKiNNER 1 1671). n.Lin.'
^;, ^", '?{■•" '^''S'^ P^-''^ °^^ brownish-yellow colour.
Nhb.l Used for ' carlins'.'
I [^\^ brandling (dew worm), Troctae piscis esca, Coles
(1079); I he dew-worm, which some also call the lob-
worm, and the brandling, Walton^;? n/^r( 1653) (Johnson) ]
BRANDON, sb. Nrf' A wisp of straw (s.v. Brand)
[INot known to our correspondents.]
[OFr. fo-rtWo^.'paille tortillceplacee au bout d'un baton'
(Hatzfeld).]
o^^SSS^"^"'^' BRANDRAUTH, see Brandreth.
BRANDRE, see Brander
BRANDRETH, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. per. Not Lin. Shr. Also in forms brandart Shr.' ;
branderi w Yks ; brandery ne.Yks.' w.Yks. ; brandherd
e.Vks. w.Yks.; brandraucht, brandrauth ( Jam.); brandre
W.Yks. ;brandrey w,\ks.; brandriff Not.^ n.Lin.'
brandnth Nhb,' Wm.' w.Yks." Der.' sw.Lin.' ; brandrv
nw.Uer.'; brundrit Chs.' ; brandut Shr.=' See Brander
Brandis(s. [brandrij?.] '
1. An iron framework placed over or before the fire, on
which to rest utensils in cooking.
n.Cy. Grose (1790). N.Cy.i, Nhb.' Cum. (E.W.P.) ; Linton
L,z:,e Loilon {lS,6^ , xii ; Cum.' Wm. A dim coal smook'd within
the rim of a brandreth, Hutton Bran New Wark (n8s) 1 qio •
■Wm.l, n.Yks.l w.Yks. The bakstone ... is laid upon a frame
called the branderi, Lucas S('»<-('.A7f/</f;n'n/f c. 1882)18; w.Yks "^is
Lan.i, nXan. (W.S.I, ne.Lan.i, Chs.'3 Dcr.i Braan'dri - Der »
nw.Der.i. n.Lin.' ' ' ' '
VOL. I.
2. An iron grating or brazier in which fire is kindled in
tne open air.
Wm.' Formerly used for the iron frame and grate supporting
known°as ,h'- -. '-="7' "'-^ - ^ ?'«« at the head of WinSermerf
know-n as the Three-foot Brandrith. Still applied to the basket-
like fire-grates used out-of-doors as in repairing pipes in streets
fr^ni ["r °'' supports for tables, scaffolding, &c. ;
sT(j)rs.S'"''°" '"'"'"^'' ^"^ P'""'""^' *'^'
ut Jlv^nf''f,".'T°''K^"PP°''''"S^ ^^^"^"^ "'■•^O'-"' consisting
usually of wooden beams resting upon pillars of stone.
Not.= Also ca led belfry; Not.3, ^s.Not. (J.P.K.), n.Lin.' ' sw.L n.
the old brandriths were brick, with wood laid across
5. A Iramework of beams resting upon the walls of a low
shed, upon which is built a stack of corn or beans to
serve as roof to tiie shed. w.Yks. (W.W.P.)
6 Obs. Four vvoodcn or iron arms fixed into the throat
or boss of a spmdle, in a flour-mill
,h.^^'"l^'^*^T''" T ',""^'' ' ''^''""^'^i'-ons ' have now superseded
the old brandarts; Shr.2 *^
Ju^^"^ "°ss-timbers in a pit, to which the slides are
bolted. Cum. (J. A.)
■ ^h A,^^°°'^'^" ^^^"le upon which the brickwork of a well
ne.Yks.l, e.Yks.' w.Yks. Leeds Mere. S„ppl. (Nov. 28, l89r^
». 1-encing placed around the mouth of a well
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Siippl. July 11, 1896^
10. A grating placed over the entrance oJ a drain or
sewer. Abd., R.xb. (Jam.)
11. Comp Brandrethsteann, a boundary stone at the
meeting of three townships or parishes. Cum '
[1. A brandrith, a trevet or other iron to set a vessel on
over the fire Worlidge (1681) ; They band ane brandreth
ol irne, with mony grete stanis, to his crag, Bellenden
t'-o ''t433' 90; Item union brandereth fcni, Nolt. Rec
(1482) 11. 322. ON. brand nil a grate ; cp. MLG. brant-
m/f (ScHiLLER-LiJBBEN); UHG. brantreite (Lzxzv.). 6.
Fene de Molines, mill rindcs, inkes of mills, or mill
brandrets. Holme ^n»o;>. (1688) III. 342. 9. Brandrith,
a fence or rail about the mouth of a well, Bailey (1721) •
1 , ,V i,^-''^ compassed about with a brandrith, lest any
should fall in, Hoole Commenius (1658), ed. 1672 Ixxiii 1
BRANDRE Y, BRANDRIFF, BRANDRITH; BRAN-
DRY, see Brandreth.
BRANDS, 5A. //. Nhp.' 1. The pitch with which the
sheep was branded, clipped from the fleece by the
wool-sorter. 2. Comp. Brand-hole, the depository of
pitch and dirt from fleece-wool.
BRANDSTICKLE. sb. Or.L The stickleback. See
Banstickle.
Or.I. The only name in use some years ago. Always pron
brunstickle fJ.G.).
BRAND TAIL, sb. Yks. Der. Wor. Shr. Hrf Also
in forms branter Hrf."; bran-tail Yks. Wor. Shr.
[bran-, brs-n-tel.] The redstart, Ritticilla p/ioeniairus
Yks. Swainson Birds (1885) 12. Der.2 Also called Fiietail.
nw.Der.i Wor. Berrow's Jrn. (Mar. 10, 1888). s.Wor.' Shr.
(W.H.Y.) ; Shr.' The name Brand-tail has like allusion with Red-
start to the flame-coloured feathers in the bird's tail. Also
called Fiery-bran'-tail, Fire-bran'-tail ; Shr.^ Hrf.= Also called
Kitty Brandlail.
BRANDUR, see Brander.
BRANDUTS, see Brandarts.
BRANDY, sb. In var. dial. uses. In comp. (1) Brandy-
bottle, Niipliar liiica, yellow water-lily; (2) -mazzard,
Pniniis avium, wild cherry; (3) -mint, Mentha piperita,
peppermint; (4) -snap, (a) Linaria vulgaris, wild snap-
dragon ; (b) Slellaria holostca, stitchwoVt ; (5) -spinner,
a spirit merchant.
(I Yks. Usually explained as alluding to theodourof the flowers,
but rather more probably from the shape of the seed-vessel.
Brks.. e An.', Nrf.', Sus., Wil.i (2) Dev. 3 Wm. (4, a Sus.
(R.Ii.C); G.A.W.) (ile.Sus. (5) Wm.', w.Yks '
BRANDY, see Branded.
BRANG, see Brin^.
3C
BRANGAM
[378I
BRANK
BRANGAM, sb. s.Pem. An inflainniatory disease:
St. Anthony's Fire ; shingles.
s.Pem. John is laid up with the brangam (W.M.M.); Laws
Link Eug. (188O) 419.
BRANGE, see Brainge, Braunge.
BRANGLE, v. and sb. Sc. Cum. Lan. Der. Not. Lin.
Rut. Lei. Nhp. Hrf. Dev.
I. 1. V. To brandish ; to shake, vibrate.
Sc. John wrastled sair ; but as he brangled, Drummond Miicko-
niachy (1846) 38.
Hence Branglant, adj. brandishing.
Ayr. In a branglant gait [manner] (Jam.).
2. To entangle, confuse.
Sc. If it [a proposal from the King] had come ... it might have
brangled this weak people, Baillie Letleis (1775) I. 43° (JA»^■^
n.Lin.' Lei.i \ [a preacher] brangles everythink up so, yo cain't
mek top nor teel on it.
Hence (i) Brangled, ppl. adj. confused, entangled ; (2)
Branglenient, sb. confusion, perplexity.
(1,1 n.Lin.i You've gotten them things into sich a brangled mess.
Nlip.' His accounts are so brangled I could make nothing of 'em.
A skein of silk or cotton that is very much entangled, and not
easily wound, is called a brangled mess. (2) Not. (J.H.B.) ; Not.',
iiLin.i, sLin. (T.H.R.\ Lei.'
3. sb. A tangle, confusion ; a confused crowd.
Sc. How the're sparkin' along the side o' that green upwith,
an' siccan a braengel o' them too, St. Patrik (1819'! II. 91 (Jam.1.
Wgt. (A.W.) Not. (J.H.B.) ; Not.^ 'E's got 'is books [accounts]
into a rare brangle.
II. 1. V. To quarrel or dispute.
Lan. Davies Races (1856) 273; Lan.', Not.' Lin. Miller &
Skerichly /"('///(ixrf (1878) iv; Skinner (1671). sw.Lin.' They
got all brangled together. Rut.' Le;.' They wur a-branglin' an'
a-janglin' yo moight a heerd em a moile off. Hrf. [W. W.S.I
Hence (i) Branglement, sb. quarrelling, disputation ;
(2) Brangler, si. a quarrelsome person; (3) Branglesome,
m//'. quarrelsome ; (4) Brangling, vbl. sb wrangWng; (5)
Brangling, ppl. adj. wrangling, disputatious.
(i) Lan. It wur as bonny a bit o' branglement as ever I clapt
een on, Waugh Chintn. Coriiey (18741 214, ed. 1893. sw.Lin.'
Don't let's have any branglement about it. Hrf. ; W.W.S.) (2)
Sc. Drawn into a quarrel by a rude brangler, Scott Monastery
(1820) x.wiii. (3) Der.-, nw.Der.l (4) Cum.' Not. Lin. A'. (V O.
(18871 7th S. iii. 357. 1,5) s.Not. It wor but a brangling affair
from first to last (J.P.K.).
2. sb. A quarrel, an altercation.
Lan.' Dev. He got into a purty brangle wi' his mate . . . when
they pairtcd tlie money (R.P.C. ).
[I. 1. Will the pillars be brangled because of the swarms
of flies that are about ihein.' "Leichton IVks. (1669^ ed.
1844, 548; Conditio, to shake or brangle, Duncan iT/y;;;.
(1595); The schaft he . . . branglis lustely, Douglas
Encados (1513). ed. 1874, iv. 99. Fr. braushr, to brandlc,
shake, wave (CoTGK.) ; OFi: brtiii/cr iC/i. de Roland). II.
1. Noiscr, to squabble, wrangle, brangle, Cotgr. ; Flesh
and bloud will brangle. And murmuring Reason with th'
Almighty wrangle, Sylvester Dit Baiias (1598) (Nares).
(2) Alkrcahiir, a brangler, contentious person, Cotgr.
(4) A brangling knave. Burton ^;m/. Mel (1621) Pt. H.
sect. III. vii, ed. 1836, 421. 2. Brangle or quarrel,
Kennett Gl. (1695), cd. 1816, 33.]
BRAN GOOSE, .see Brant.
BRAN'IT, see Branded.
BRANK, si.' Ois. ? Yks.e.An. Buckwheat, Po/vn-o;w;«
fagopynini.
■ w.Yks. Lceils Merc. Sii/</<l. ijuly 11, 1896). e.An. Ray ;i6oi'; ;
Grose (1750 ; e. An.' Nrf.' In some counties called ' crap.' eNrf.
Marshall Jitir. Ecoii. 1787^ Suf. Rai.nbird Agric. (i8i9"i 289,
ed. 1849 ; Suf.i Ess. Gl. { 185O ; Ess.' In Wor. called ' crap.'
[Brank, Buck, or French-wheat, a summer grain,
delighting in warm land, Worlidge (1681); Count
peason or brank, as a comfort to land, Tusser Iliisb.
(1580) 50. Cp. Fr. braiice, bearded red wheat (Cotgr.);
Lat. braiice, 'vox Gallica qua significatur genus farris'
(Pi.iNV A'. H. bk. xviii. vii), Holland (ed. 1634I I. 559 ]
BRANK, sb.'^ Suf. The bracken fern, Plcris aquiliiia.
(C.T.) ; (C.G.B )
BRANK, si.3 and J^.' Obsol. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks.
Lan. Chs.
1. sb. In pi. A kind of bridle for horses ; a halter for
horses or cows when tethered.
Sc. Wi' branks and brecham on each mare, Scott Minstrelsy
{1802) II. 80, ed. 1848; Often used by country people in
riding. Instead of leather, it has on each side a piece of wood
joined to a halter, to which a bit is sometimes added ; but more
freq. a kind of wooden noose resembling a muzzle (Jam.). Abd.
Leuks gin the branks be sicker on their [the cows'] heads, Still
Cottar (1845) 18. Ayr. Wi' braw new branks in mickle pride.
My Pegasus I'm got astride, Burns To IK Chalmers. Uls.
( M. B.-S.) Don. I put the branks on Tom an' took him to the water.
Black Flk-Mcdiciiie (1883) vi. Nhb.', N.Cy.' Cum. We used to
tak yen o' the naigs, and just clap the branks on his head, Dicken-
son Ciiiubr. (1876) 28; Cuai.l
2. An instrument of punishment used for scolds, or for
witches. See below. Gen. in pi.
Sc. The party was handed over to the beadle for punishment
in the ' jougs ' or ' branks ' at the church door on Sunday morning,
Dickson A'lV* Bfrtrf/f 1^1892) 26. Abd. (Jam.) Frf. Within these
few years an iron bit was preser\'ed in the steeple of Frf., for-
merly used ... for torturing unhappy creatures who were accused
of witchcraft. It was called The Witch's Branks (li.X N.Cy.'
Nhb. There was branks wi sharp progs, doon yor thropple to
gan, RoDSON Evangeline (1870) 369 ; Nhb.' At Morpeth, it occurs
in use in 1741. Yks. I'll go ; j'ou're a woman, and branks are
oot of fashion noo — mair's the pity, Fetherston Fanner, Pref.
Lan. A withered female face wearing the brank or scold's bridle,
Harland & Wilkinson Eeg. (1873) 166. Ch?.' The brank con-
sisted of a framework of iron, a sort of skeleton helmet, which
was locked upon the head. At the front was a gag, which was
placed in the woman's mouth. This gag was sometimes simply a
piece of smooth iron ; but in many cases it was armed with sharp
points, or knife blades, so that if the culprit attempted to speak
the gag was sure to inflict serious wounds upon the tongue.
There was frequently a chain attached to the front of the brank,
by means of which the woman could be led through the streets as
a warning to others, or by which she could be fastened to a hook
in the wall until she promised to behave better in the future ;
Ctis.3
3. In pi. A game resembling ' Aunt Sally.' Obs.
Cum. 'Neddy wi' t'branks ' was played at fairs (J. P.); Cum.'
Called also ' hit my legs and miss my pegs.'
4. V. To put a bridle or restraint on anything.
Wgt. Still sometimes used ',A. W.\ N.Cy.', Nub.'
[1. When wanton Yaud has cast her rider . . . Under her
feet she gets her branks, Stuart Joco-Soioits Discourse
(1686) 27 (Nhb.'). Cp. Du. prance. Em praniie der
pacrdcii, a horse-mussle (Hexham) ; M.hG. p range, ' Maul-
klcmme, aus eincm Iloize bestehend, die wilden Pferden
angelegt wird' (Sciiiller-Lubben). From the Eng. word
comes Gael, brang (Macbain). 2. In the records of the
Kirk Session at Stirling for 1600, ' the brankes ' are
mentioned as the punishment for a shrew, Chambers
Bk. e>f Days, I. 212 ; Paide for caring a woman throughe
the towne for skoulding, with branks, ^d.. Mimic. Accls.
Neivcaslle, Apr. 1595 (Nhb.'). For further details for the
brank as a mode of punishment see Chs.'l
BRANK, 3'.2 and si." Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Also Sus.
Written tronk .Sus.' [brank.]
1. V. To stand erect, hold up the head in a constrained
and affected manner; to prance.
Fif Ilk tirlie-wirlie mawment bra, That had for cent'ries ana or
twa, Brankit on pillar or on wa". Cam' tumblin' tap-owr-tail,
Tennant P(i//i7)v (1827) 200. N.Cy.', Nhb.' Cum. He's brankan
like a steg swan, Caine Hngar (18871 1. 38 ; Cum.', n.Yks ^
Hence (i) Branked, />/>/. nf//. proud, vain ; (2) Brankie,
adj. gaudy, finely dressed ; (3) Brankin, ppl. adj. prancing;
lively, showy.
(i) Sc. Mackay. Abd. (Jam.) Dmf. The brankit lads o' Gallowa,
Cromek Nitlisdale Siig. (1810) 97. (2) Feb., Fif. (Jam.) Ayr.
Where hae ye been sae brankie, O? Burns Killiccraiikie. Gall.
Esp. applied to one who is gaudy with ruffles, collars, &c. (A.W.)
(31 Sc. Methinks I see an English host, A-coming branken us
upon, Hlud Siigs. (1776) Oitenburn ; Donald camebranking down
the brae Wi' twenly thousand men, Scott Antiquary (1816) xl.
Frf. Twa brankin' chicl's cam' in the gact, Laing IVaysiile Firs.
(1846 104. Fi.''. On his brankin' steed, Tennant Pfl/i/i/n' (1827J
BRANK-NEVV
[379]
2. si.^ A prance, toss of the head,
f The '°starand""%^ H^''*^ ^"^ ^^f ^ '™"^ ^^ P--^ -
^^^BRANK.NEW. „./y. So. Quite new. Cf. brand,
A.l^r/n'i?'!'^ ^^ ^ ''^'"'^"f "f" *'•""«' we may compare ME
BRANKS 56.//. Sc. [brarjks.] The mumns
Sc. Ramsay /?,•»«„. (1860U I, ed 180-. sSc TIiIh ^
to receive its name fm™ .' / '3, cu. 1092. s.Sc. 1 liis discasescems
of a horse are corpreLed by theranTI "' P=""'^' 4^f "'^ ^■''°P=
to be the same dis^i:: :a,le'd e U^efs irr^A '^'''wT'''^^''-^
the pocks and the branks there's h^in I .^^' u^""' ^^''^' '^'
bits o- weans, Serv.ce ^,; W,!, .'(Ts";: ^ 'rj^Xr^''^" ""
pa S""&!;°;,';"i'j^^' *f ^ -"'agi'ous^n'Tmmatt^^^of the
RR tvM^^' ^RANLIN(G. see Brandling.
BRANNi^E, see Brawn.
BRANNET, BRANNIE, see Branded.
BRANNIGAN .* Cnm.^ A fat, pufly, infant boy.
rhfJlf ^ Tk • ^'i "'"P- ^'so ^vritten bran- Hmn '
Nrf. SWA.NSO.N Bird. (1885) 149. Hmp.'
W>?;T6oif l'"";'"''. °V^ 'i^™^''^ barganders, HoLr.ANr>
(1679)]^ 2°'' ^'''^ brant-goose, bre„/n, Coles
brfn1^^:At.''1bra^n?j ^"'"- ^'"- ^'^- ^^^ ^in. Cf.
'n.fyf f^' ^'I'y ''PPn c' '°^ '^,!"' °'" '° "'^ '""■■^head.
^bbCn)t'.( "-^y- • N.Cy.2 As brant as the side of a house
BranthwattV(7.r.; ""^l Y^n'Zrt T"" '" P'~--
brant, BK.ociV;L.T^8^5' "-,07 Wm.' nY.^T ^" ^''^^
brant as a hoos-side i W.H ) n yU i^Vk. i A k'"'''^ '"'"' ^'
of the road; n.Yks.3, ne.Y^s " e Yk; oT n^e f '^^/'"'^=' P^"-'
f.r kartin- on ;W.S.>! nXan."' ne Xan" nllin ■ '^''^ =='-^'^-"'
neiS'<tiS"n.Y£''''^'''"'^'^''^°"^'== (^) ^-"t-
^N c/f Aihed r P™"''- P°V'P°"^S vain, for^vard.
brrr„-^.?ethVR,:„-r:so"r W4^8^. ^.T" "^^'t'' ^'^^J
ant], N.c„oi.so/;5^V(T8^'9 A I Y^^rb^nf "Tr- f^*^"^
::^^r(';^8;Sr^:ii:^^-^)^^"-^---^:::
BRAN-TAIL, see Brand-taU.
Bo^.^GmS "t.?;^'-; C--g--. bold, audacious.
rAr / °' branten, nar spitevul. nar wild 2..
[OCor ^r,//,.„, noble, M.Wel. breej.y,,, a kin a StokIs
Cor«. Gloss, in r;v7/;5. P/,,/. 5o<r. (1870) I °' ^™'^*-s
BRANTER. see Brand-tail.
BRANTITIS, see Brown-Titus.
BRA.SH
w.S^^^^^' ^- ^'<^- To square the shoulders in
w.Yks. Shoo went dahn t'lahn, brantling like a militia , M F N
kRARE^;:: Br?r"'^' ''''''■ °' '^""^ (^•''^ S ^ '
BRASE, see Breeze
K.^''1!rVbr4? ^'^ ''^■■- '"•■^'- -« ^" Sc. Ircl. and
greafgu^stoSor"""'' '""'""= ^^'thing done with
u?;d>?f stor^r' "' ^^'"'^' ^ ^P-^" «f -t'weathe'rT aiso
N.co."^: ,:r 's'o-:??;; ','r' ■^^■1'' ^^-^ C^'braushieweather.
'sc^crsi\°goT^./:r'crp.trr ^' ^'^"v-s.
them, afore the butter cm-aAM^ N I . r'' ^^"■ '^''''' ' '°='
Nhb.i Noo, maa lass, aa'll gie ye a bLh r "\\^'""-" ''"^'>.
kurnabrash " g'e je a brash. Cum.' Kursty, come
tion^ftTkind'"''''^ ^"^'^'^ °'"'""<=^^= bodily indisposi-
int'4/,.;;,t/c3^.. (:"89. . ' D^/Tc H^V'■'K"'';/";''n^••"
< 1875). s.Don. SiM.,Ls^ Gl. (fso"; ^ Cav Yon oH '^ ^"'- '^L""-
S^r:^^:f^.::t;4ar°°'''^^'"'-
^KK^,'"?,®'' °'" eruption on the skin.
Nhb. He saal come ootiv a l>r.ish. like mizzles w Yk, 2 I »n 1
wu^n-eJle-f "cor^-i^-' "'^^ '"^'''^ -' ^ brash :„ Tm^i^kea^if-.J
til; s1onic"h^ °' '"' ""^ "'^"'^ "'1"''^ '"'° "''^ "^-"h from
nall"'^^'' ,'""'•' .^^"°"" "IS 'the watter brash.' n Yks ' Also
®s.' wT° "^f ""' ''"''"''' ' '° bruise, break the bones
S. Whose breast d,d beare, brash't with displeasure's' dart
Moke Tnie Crucihx .162.0) ir,^ 1 Tsm -1 n™f 11 ,°"' *= ^ °*">
persons when thrfatenin/c.hild?en-!r^^- °"^- ^^^'^ t'>' -6-^
9. To churn.
■cWn-'^e.'n '""'h "'"'' l'"^' "'"'""Sh not without the word
clun-n expressed or understood (A.J.I.). s.Don. S..M.Mo.NrC/
10. To display great activity or vigour ; to stir.
Wm He was brashin' aboot flauld^bi fower o'clock iv'rv
moornm . What foo is thoo brashin' .hi coffee aboot like .LaU
no.:^',:!:n^af^'r!";.'']:1.T" ^"' '°'" "^^^ brUt'thi w^S
BRASH sh.-^ and «,/>.' Var. dial, uses in Irel. and in
n and mjdl. counties in Eng. [bra/, br.^f ]
twigt uT'de^vood " '"PP"^" °' '^'^'^^"" = ^'"^" ''--bes.
Wm.t Cut doon that biash fer ffire. n.Yks.i Gan an' mak' a
wYTs'.Our'clJm'r "'' hedge-clippings and brash eYk..'
w vt^'s A ' ^"'' ''■^°°'<'^ "P wi ■""" an brash, ii. 085 ;
w.Yks.^ Ah aant tunc to mend that gap i' t'hedge todaay.so we^
3c 2
BRASH
[380]
BRASS
cram it \vi' brash. Ch?.'^ s.Chs.i, Slf. fH.K.), s.Not. (J.P.K.V
nLin.', e.Lln. (G.G.W.), Lei. (C.E.) War. (J.R.W.) ; War.^ The
branches too small to go into faggots were brash. There are no
faegots left to heat the oven in the morning and you must get me
some brash. Wor. (H.K.) ; fJ.W.P.) Shr.' The Maistersoud me
the brash oflT two ash trees for ten shillin' ; Shr.^ GIo. (S.S.B.)
Oxf.' MS. add. e.An.i, Nrf.i
Hence Brashment, sb. underwood, refuse branches
or clippings; rubbisli.
Wm.' Tliraa that brashment ta t'dure. w.Yks. (C.W.H.~i ;
w.Yks.' Lan. I fell fere o' me back i' th' midst uth' brashment,
Paul BoBDiN Sf^Kf/ (1819) 14. neXan.'
2. Rubbish, refuse of any kind ; mingled fragments of
coal and driftwood. Also used^^.
Ir. Raw eggs do be ugly could brashes, Barlow Lisconnel (1895 1
61. Dur.i Wm. I They're nowt bit brash. n.Yks.' Thae tatics's
a' brash tegither. There's nivver a guid yan amangst 'em ;. n.Yks.^,
ne.Yks.i, m.Yks.i, w.Yks. (J.T.)
3. Comp. (i) Brash-heap, the pile of garden branches
and rubbish kept for burning; (2) -rubbish, the fuel
obtained from the beach in Whitby harbour, where a
mixture of small coal, chips, &c., is deposited by the tide ;
(3) -wood, brushwood.
(i, 2) n.Yks.2 (3) w.Yks. Lucas Stud. Niddadak (c. 1882) 238.
4. Light, Stony soil ; small stones, &c.
Hrf. (.W.W.S.) ; Hrf.^ Glo. Grose 11790) MS. add. (H.) ;
(A.B.^ ; GI0.2 [U.S.A., Phil. N. & Q. (1870) 4th S. vi. 249.]
6. Nonsense, worthless talk.
Lin. Streatfeild Liii. and Danes (1884) 319. n.Lin.^ Hohd
yer brash. s.Lin. ^T.H.R.)
6. (7(//. Brittle.
Not. (J.P.K.\ nLin.' [U.S.A., Pen. ' Brash' is common in the
interior of the State for ' brittle,' applied to timber, N. & Q. (1870)
4th S. vi. 249. N.Y. It is often applied to vegetables. ' These
radishes are brash,' Bartlett {1859).]
BRASH, adj.^ and v."^ Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Also Hmp.
I.W. [bra/, breej.]
1. adj. Rash, impetuous, hasty ; reckless.
N Cy.i, Nhb.', Cum.' w.Yks. (D.L.) ; w.Yks.l What a brash
raggald ! ii. 306. Lan.' n.Lan. Hi's far auar brash ta be siaf
(W.S.) ; n.Lan.' I.W.2 Don't 'ee be too brash wi' that staff hook.
2. V. To do anything hastily or rashly ; to run head-
long at.
Nhb. Grose (1790). Cum. Fadder leuk't parlish grousome like,
an' efter a bit he brash'd off, U'illy IVatlle (1870) 3 ; Alison brashed
off an' said a lang rigmarole, Daley Mayioyd (1880) III. 94, ed.
1888. w.Yks. HuTToN Tour to Caves (1781). Lan. Th' felle . . .
gloourt . . . well aw th" een in his yead, when ut e brash'd thro'
th' hedge, Paul Bobbin Sccy/fc/ (1819) 22. ne.Lan.'
Hence (i) Brash, sb. (a) a rush with great impetus
aganst anything; (b) an impetuous person ; (2) Brashan',
ppl. adj. rushing, impetuous, headlong.
(i) ne.Lan.' (2) Cum,' He's a brashan' body and runs heid
and neck still.
3. To spill, upset.
Hmp. Carry t'jug steady, lass, or yow'll brash t'milk over
(■VV.M.E.K).
BRASH, adj.^ Brks. Wil. [brjej, n.Wil. also brej.]
Of weather, climate: cold, bracing. Cf. brash, si.' 2.
Brks. She found the air o' the Downs too brash (A.C.). Wil.'
BRASH-BREAD, sb. Gall. (Jam.) Bread made of a
mixture of rye and oats. Cf brashloch.
. BRASHCOURT, sb. Chs.'^ A horse foaled with his
fore-legs bent.
[Brassicourt or brachicourt, a horse whose fore-legs
are naturally bended arch-wise; being so called by way
of distinction from an arched horse, whose legs are bowed
by hard labour, Spor/iiiaii's Did. (ed. 1785). Fr. brassi-
court (in Furet (1690) brachicourt), 'en parlant d'un
cheval, qui a le genou arque par vice de conformation '
(Hatzkeld).]
BRASHING, prp. Obsol. w.Yks.» Preparing ore for
'bucking' by hand, or grinding by a machine.
BRASHLING, sb. m.Yks.' [bra'Jlin.] A weakling,
used of a child or animal. Cf. brashy, adj.
BRASHLOCH, sb. Sc. A crop of mixed oats and rye
or barley and rye.
Gall. In place of winter rye, the farmers often sow in spring a
mixture of rye and oats, provincially termed brashioch, Agiic. Suiv.
123 (Jam.).
BRASHY, adj. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also
written braishy Glo.' se.Wor.' [braeji, also bre'ji.]
1. Weakly, delicate in constitution, subject to frequent
ailments. Cf. brashling.
N.Cy.', Nhb.', Cum.' n.Yks.' She's robbuta brashy body ; she's
maist alla's i" t'ane ailment or t'ither. Nlip.'
2. Of inferior quality, small, rubbishy, esp. applied to
small sticks, &c.
n.Cy. Grose (1790) Siippl. n.Yks.' 'Puir brashy bits o' things,'
applied to a sample of potatoes, &c., poor in size and quality; n.Yks. ^
ne.Yks.' e. Yks. Marshall Jiur. Ecoii. (1788); e.Yks.' n.Lin.
This is strange brashy stuff, this kindling (,M.P.). sw.Lin.' Those
birk kids are so brashy. They're brashy stuff, but they do for
stack-steddling and bake-oven heating. s.Wor. Used of small
things of any kind, coal, potatoes, fruits, &c. (H.K.)
3. Of land : overgrown with rushes, twigs, &c.
Abd. O'er brashy linn, o'er meadow fine, Thom Rhymes (1844)
142. e.An.', Nrf.' Dor. Barnes GI. (1863).
4. Having branches, woody.
se.Wor.' s.Wor. Thot opple-tree be despret braishy (H.K.).
5. Full of small stones and grit.
Hrf.2 Glo. Soil with many small limestone fragments is called
brashy ground ( S.S.B.) ; Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863); Grose
(1790)71/5. add. (H.) Hmp. The gravelly places in a field are
called brashy (H.C.M.B.); Hmp.' Wil.' ' Th' vier wer ter'ble
braishy 'smarnin',' the coal was bad and stony. [Lisle Husbandry
('757)-]
e. Said of soft stone : crumbling. N.Cy.', Nhb.*
7. Drj', dusty, broken up.
War.^ Land is said to be brashy when it is dry and dusty.
s.Wor. The ground is quite brashy from the long frost vH.K.).
8. Applied to beer which tastes mild and hard. Also
to mealy potatoes.
Glo. Beer made with hard water is called ' brashy ' as a term of
reproach (H.S.H.) ; Glo.'
BRASS, sb. and v. Gen. dial, use in Sc. and Eng.
1. sb. Obs. or obsol. Copper money, half-pence.
n.Cy. Grose (1790) il/S. nrfi/. i,P.) Dur.' Cum. Ois. When he
was about the heeght o' six penn'orth o' brass (,M.P.). n.Yks.'
Thee'll want a hau'p'ny back. Ah's feared Ah's nae brass. e.Yks.
Marshall Rur. Ecoii. (,1788). Chs.^ s.Chs.' A shillin's woth
[worth] o' brass. n.Stf. (J.T.) Stf.' ; Stf.^ Obs. Der.'. Nhp.'
War. B'/iaiii ll'kly. Post (June 10, 1893); War.'^s Shr.' 'I've
lugged two five-shillin' papers o' brass all the way to Sosebry ; it
swags me down.' The brass thus spoken of was the heavy copper
money of the reign of Geo. Ill, 'two five-shillin' papers' of which
would weigh seven and a half lbs. Hrf.' Sixpence silver and
five pennyworth of brass.
2. Money, riches, property. In^c/;. colloq. use.
Rnf. Your brass will buy me a new pan [a second husband],
Barr Poems (1861) 12. Kcd. Aul' Francie's brass Bocht Nanny
a new pan, Grant Lays (1884) 31. N.Cy.' Nhb. He paid us
wor brass, Midford Coll. Stigs. (18181 29; Nhb.', Dur.' Cum.
Nowder brass nor credit hed he, Richardson 7'ntk (1871) 43, ed.
1876 ; Butter brass is the money earned by the sale of the butter
and eggs — strictly the perquisites of the farmer's wife (J.Ar.) ;
Cum.^ Gettin mair brass oot o' t'oald jolly-jist, 10. Wm. To addle
brass (E.G.) ; Sic a wasting o' brass, what wi' silks an' wi'sattens,
S/>ec. Dial. (1880) pt. ii. 29 ; Wra.' n.Yks.' Thay've lots o' brass :
they w'olly stinks ov it ; n.Yks. ^ Flush o' brass. Scant o' brass.
Odd brass, spare capital ; n.Yks.^ ne.Yks.' He's addled a deal o'
brass. e.Yks.' Hez tha gettcn ony brass i' thy cleeas? m.Yks.'
w.Yks. As free threu [from] brass as a toad threu feathers, Prov.
in Brig/iouse A'ews (Aug. 10, 1889); w.Yks. '2; w.Yks.^ A beggar
used to say, * Honley for brass, Fairnley for mail [meal], Oambury
for nowt ' ; w.Yks.^ Lan. Hoo'd every inch o' wood i' th' shop
chalked o'er once for brass ut wur owin', Brierlev Marlocks
(1866) iv ; Lan.', m.Lan.', Chs.' s.Chs.' Ey maar id u praati riik
0 braas' wi iz lost weyf [Hey married a pratty ruck o' brass wi' his
fost weife]. Stf.'^ Der. They just itch to ha' hold on't brass,
IVkly. Tclcgrapli (Dec. 12, 1894); Der.^, nw.Der.'. Not.'^, n.Lin.',
Lei.' w.Som.' Kaa'n diie ut, t-1 kau'S tu muuch braa'S [I cannot
do it, it will cost too much brass],
3. Used altrib. in coinp. (i) Brass-face, a brazen-faced,
shameless person ; (2) -farden, a copper, anything of no
value; (3) -fettler, a money-lender; (4) -jackass, see
BRASSANT
[381]
BRAT
^l^t^y^Ji^K'^""^^^"' """ remains o( a ieast, meal; (6)
-later, a fortune-hunter. ^ '
h--Jw ^'7^^'^ ^^ "'■'^'''- ' <^°"'' <^="''= => brass farden, Lucas Stud
ok era Wci o. vvudna gi « o bras fardin far or. War.3 Oxf^
U cMt [.t ,s not] wuth a brass farden, MS. add. Brks.i (3^ n.Yks 2
IWV f '"'^''"'^"'"'■' t^^''° ="PP"^= 'h« means?] (/iTan.
(6) n^Yks.^^^ ^^' '"'• ^^- "^ i^- (1878) 5th S. X. 34, 77- ]
\-,t^-}^°'^ pyrites found mixed with coal.
N.Cy.i Nhb.i Nhb., Dur. Black and grey stone mi.xed with
b, asses, fio,v»^5 (,i88i) II. 4; GRErNWELL Coal Tr. CI. (1840^
Dur (J.J.B.) w.Yks.5 [GA ia.6. (1894 ..] ^ ^^ "
Hence Brassy, atij. containing iron pyrites
Nhb The coal has the reputation of being in parts brassy, Miller
Geol. Survey Man. (,887) 33. Nhb., Dur. Coal, stony coarse
brassy, Bon;;i^5( 188 1 1 11.253. .>, coarse,
5. Comp. (I) Brass-band, a layer of iron pyrites: (2)
-lump, iron pyrites. ' ^ '
(II Nhb.i 1,2) ib. w.Yks. (J.T )
®iihl"iP ^''''"'V^,; assurance, audacity. Cf. brassy, odj.
pocket, M. P. ; Cum.i n.Yks.i He's brass enew for owght : he'd
ex t Queen t coom by, if iwer she war in 's road; n.Yks.=
ne.Yks.' Decan t gie ma neean o' yer brass. s.Yks. Thcy'n brass
enutr e ther cheeks, Bvwater Shnn^Ud Ann. ^853) 24. Lan!
I must have had as much brass in my face as in my pocket to sit down
cheek-by-jowl w, grand folks, Banks Manch. Man. (1876, xliii.
^nn h°tM ^^^r''.'= ' '"'^'' ^""^*"°'" °ht ; wheareiver he goas he
hr^L %. ;'f?'/°=' ^^"- War.3 Let me have none of your
brass. Shr.i Lrs got a face as big as a warmin'-pon, an' as much
brass in it ; Shr.^ w.Som.i Moo-ur braas een dhee fae-us-n dhee-s
u-gau-t een dhee pau-gut [more brass in thy face than thou hast
m thy pocket] Slang. He has plenty of brass. If loe could
borrowa little of his friend's impudence, Leon Martins (1872) I x •
Ihen the brass forsook his forehead, And the iron fled his soul !
Calverley Verses i^i%(>2) 86. '
'^' I'll P'ir-„'^''''*'S "»'■ bemdition, destitute, forlorn.
n.Yks.(I.S.); n.Yks.S'I'venowtherbrassnorbenedition,' neither
money nor any other blessing (s.v. Cross nor Coin).
J,'' y,r ,, f^^P- "^ '■ '° P^y what is owing.
e.Yks. Well known. Noo, then, Mattha, neean o' thi gammon
brass up like a man (J.N.) ; ^CC.) ; e.Yks i S-'mmon,
BRASSANT, see Brazened.
BRASSEN, flf// War. Glo. Made of brass
r, l^^^'"" ^V"* Y'^ '^°'"^" = ^''^'^ '''»<' "'e brassen skimmer
rubbed over her face. Glo.'
BRASSEN, see Brust.
BRASSEY, 56 Sc. A golf-club; applied gen. to all
clubs shod with brass on the sole, intended for playing
off a hard surface, &c., which would be liable to iniure an
ordinary wooden club.
n.Sc. (W.G.) Abd. (W.M.) Fif. Did yesay gowff? ... I only
Zf, ^ P"'4-'^T', ^ f ^ ^""^ '"'^^^y' ^"'l "" -"ak' the sticks mysel^
M'Laren Ttbbie {i8gi) 83. •* '
BRASS-EYED POKER DUCK, sb. phr. Yks INot
known to our correspondents.] The tufted duck, FitLula
/?,A £,!5/(f862°."' ''"'""' ^°"'^" ^'^""^ °' '"^ ^y^' J"""^
BRASSIC, see Brassock.
BRASSING IN, /;^. w.Yks.' [Not known to our
correspondents.] Acting vigorously
BRASSOCK, .«. fks.^ Alsd'in form bazzocks
n.\ks ; brassic neYks.'; brazzock n.Yks.' [brazak,
u^aA J^": 'Ji'''^ mustard, Simpis arvensis. Also
called Charlock, Runch (q v )
. Yks.lH.'W.) n.Yks. (T.S.,; n.Yks.!! ne.Yks.' Wa a'e been
pullin brazzies. e.Yks. Called also Ketlocks. 'A brassock year
a tonnap year, Fo/k-saw, Nicholson Flk-Lore (1890) 122 • e Yks i
Hence Brassocking, vbl. sb. weeding out brass'ocks or
wild mustard.
e.Yks.' Ah's gyin abrassockin i' Maysther Craven's twenty-acre
[Lat. bmsstca (see n.Yks.' s.v. Rimch).\
BRASSOCKS, sb. Laii. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] A term of uncomplimentary address
Lan. ' Here, owd brassocks ! ' shouted the farmer to his wife
Brieklev Cast upon World (i886j 285.
a'?!!,^"^^^'!.*- •T''^' Also in form brasses, [brasi 1
a''rl'pi?ci^5-.1 ;-|;-nd ^'^'^ °^ "^ ^ '^--. -^-h^
and known as brassy playing (J T ) • (B K ) ^'
br^^M^^^' "'^^'- ^^'^- ^^^- 'S"^ War. Shr. [bra'si,
akc^i°!n: ^ Cf'bt ssl S.t' ^''"^"^'^- ^'^° "^^ '° ^^P^-
Nhb.i Principally applied to young people ol an active h„t
presumptive turn. -A brassy callant?' s.Chs.i s'"' A mothe
huz.y,P...;.ocKl/4/^«.^f895)"wlr%■7.rrThat?i:b^^^^^^^^^
impudent young scoundrel. i nai s a Drassy,
2. Comp. Brassy-faced, brazen-faced. Chs »
BRASSY-BED, sb. Dor. A bed of good 'new vein '
stone in Swanage quarries. (C W ) "ew %ein
[br^a^t'j^^' "■ ^^^- ^"'"- ^"'"- '^'^' ^^^- L'-'n- Chs.
1. To burst ; to fill to repletion.
R^^^; f "fl "r ^!'''^^'" '"' '"'"''■ ''"^'^'^ ^^''' P"de, Macquoid DoHs
l"o&?$iT\- "kk"" ^,T ^^''^ ''""'^ "'- =''"-1111 avt-re
w.Yks^ ' 7-^''!-,'' e^"" ''03"='- an hoater an' hoater, then it
B./A: I' L r^f^6=V"^^'\"^^T "' '° '"■='=' '^'^'^ soides,LA„EE
^f/0' o >f/(i865)io. e.Lan.l Chs. Eh, surs, I wud I had aught
to brast ye wi' (s.v. Brash), Brockett GL ; Chs 13 ^"'
Hence Brast, sb. a gathering.
■w.Yks. Soft soap's good fur a brast (F.P.T 1
2. Prf/. Tense.
ScClatterin hooves and busteous taunts Brast on their starlit
7:irZfT»"^- ''"""''' ( ■**°^> '' =«■ f 'f- O"' at the Dor tou -
'^°?'^' "^ [=»"'• Hurry-scurry, they birrd and brast, 'Wi' blastm' and
wi puffin', Tennant/'«^-./,:>,^,827) 207. N.Cy.i NhbTn d onv^
body iwer get drunk on yer smaall beer, hinny ^-Hostess Na ■
but there was twee that brast. Dur.» Cum. An' oot f a't b^ast a
thunnerclap, Richardson Talk (,Bn) 17. ed. 1876; Cnm.i Wm
JvuU ° vJ ^i™'' '^^' "° ''"" " ''^^^' watter-tub (WH );
n.Yks.2 e. -yks. He ran full butt at deear an brast it oppen
Nicholson //i-SA (1889) 55 ; e.Yks.' w.Yks. He went t^see
a boiler and it brast, T. Toddles Aln,. , 1866, ; w.Yks.'a ; Vyk,!
Ovver full an' it brast Lan. He brast hissel wi lowfin sVaton
Z.oomm«,:y 15. n Lan,i Chs.He brast th' waistband ofhis breeches
Croston Enoch Crump (1887) 8. lecciies,
3. Pj>. (i) Brast, (2) Brasten. Chs.'^
prep oj!^""' °^' '° '"'^'" ' '° "^'''^ ''■''"'^ ; SO'- used with
w:;^''^:,!!T/.iT,'.9rta„.?-^"-'°'"^' ""''' °'^-' "^ '="'=•
[1. His heart, I wis, was near to hrast, Heir 0/ Liime,
in Percys 7?./,^„«, ed. Whcatley, U. 143; fhe fyry
sparkis brastyng fra his ene, Douglas Eneados (1513), cd^
1874, IV. 81. ML. breslrn, OE. berstmi, to burst. 2. What
%^P fi; «f °^"Vl"^JE from Christian's heart, Bunvan
^.J. (1678) 73; The fyre ... in blasis brast, Barbour
Bruce {1375) iv. 129.] '
f^r^J^h^' ^^ ^'^- ^ P"sh, an encounter.
Sc. [Of a horse] : A real deevil, sir, at a brastle wi' a
Wilson Tales of Border (1836) II. 54.
BRAS-TLE, V. Obs. n.Cy. To boast, brag. (K.)
Hence Brastling, ppl. adj. bragging, boasting.
n.Cy. A brastling fellow (,K.). °
[The same as OE. brastliaii, to crackle, clatter ]
Lan. LMa. Chs. Stf Der. Not. Lin. Wor. Shr. Pcm. Also
in form brot Sc. [brat, brcet.]
1. 5*. A rag, cloth.
rr^fiR^',! °c"'"--^'^i^ Lan. DAViEs7?«r« (1856)227. 'Wel.A'. ^Vg-
ihMl'*'^ -'.'l'^'- I-'°-G«ose(i79o); Ray(,69i); Lin.' The
child found in the river was lapt up in a brat.
2. A child's pinafore ; an apron.
Frf. There he sat in his ' brot,^or apron, from early morning to
far on to midnight, Barrie Licht (1888) 69, ed. 1893. Ayr. At a
hauf shop door, are twa or three bodies in their brats. Service
brae.
BRAT
[382]
BRATCHET
Notandums K^Qgo, 74. Lth. [She] had still on the rough worsted
apron of nappy homespun wool, called a 'brat, Strathesk Bliiik-
bomiy (ed. 1891) 135. eXth. Up she got, an' took the brat aff her
held, Hunter/, linvkk 1 1895; 203. Gall. ' Brat' is but the Scots
word for apron, Crockett Moss-Hags (1895) xxxvi. Frm. Quite
common, TV. &' Q. (1890) 7th S. ix. 233. Dur.i Cum. Ah pot on
a clean cap. me white brat, Farrall Bctly U'llson (1886)2; Cum.>
In Borrowdale they have a saying ' that when it rains on maudlin
(Magdalen^ day [Aug. 2] Jenny Maudlin is bleaching her brat.'
Wm. & Cum.l Her whol'd stockin's, her brat, and her gown, 302.
Wm. Her brat has a hole in it (B.K.); Wm.>, n.Yks.i^ ne.Yks.i
In rare use. w.Yks. They went to play with their accustomed
warning not to mucky thcirsens or rive their brats. Sad Tunes
(1870 54; w.Yks.M w.Yks.2 That child's brat is dirty ; w.Yks.*
Lan. Hoo wur stonnin' i' th' front of a weshin'-mug, wi' a lin brat
afore her, Waugh Cluinn. Corner (1874) 27, ed. 1879; Lan.i,
ne.Lan.', e.Lan.', m.Lan.' I. Ma. A country girl mentioned among
her qualifications for a housemaid that she could ' wash and iron
brats,' N. & Q. (1868) 4th S. ii. i8r. Chs. SAra/ 1,1879) I. 140;
Chs.123 s.Chs.' Kiim aayt u dhaat- duurti fuwd, yu lit! nuwt;
aay yu bin- mauksin yur klce-un braat' [Come ait o' that dirty
fowd, yu little nowt ; hai y6 bin mawksin yur cleean brat]. Stf.' ;
Stf.2 Dhis choilt's ad tau klin brats on dhis veri di. Der.2, nw.Der.'
Lin. Semi-cinctium ex panno vilissimo. Skinner (1671); ObsoL
(R.E.C.) n.Lin.i w.Wor.' PiSt on the child's brat afore yu feeds
'im. Pern. (.W.H.Y.) s.Pem. Laws Little Etig. (1888) 419 ; Ax
thy muther to put on thy brat (W.M.M.).
Hence (i) Brattie, sb. a dim. of brat, an apron; (2)
Brattie-string, sb. apron-string; (3) Bratty, adj. dirty,
applied to children.
(i) Sc. (Jam. Suppl.) n.Sc. Od ! but it's our Jenny's brottie
sticking out thro' the snaw. Miller Scenes and Leg. (ed. 1853) x.
(2) Arg. Jean Rob, with the bairn at her brattie-string, MuNRO
Lost Pibroch (1896) 215. (3) n.Lin.^
3. Coiup. (I) Bratful, a lapful, as much as can be carried
in an apron ; (2) Brat -strings, apron-strings.
(i) Cum.,'Wni. A bratful of apples off— sec a wind! (M. P.) Lan.*
Aw'd rayther see it nor a brat-full o' guinea gowd, Waogh Owd
Blanket 1,1867) i. s.Pem. Laws Little Eng. (1888) 419. (2) Lan.
Don't expect him to be teed to yo'r brat-strings, Waugh Hermit
Cobbler^ iv.
4. A large coarse apron or ' overall ' made with sleeves,
esp. that kind worn by workers in factories, &c.
Sc.(Iah.) Ayr. Weavers put aside their brats, Johnston
Kibnailie (1891) \. 98. Wm. Mob cap, check brat, an bedgoon
clean, Bowness Studies (18681 39. w.Yks. They'd fear to spoil
ther little hand To touch thy greasy brat. Hartley Dttlies
(1863) 33 ; w.Yks.3 A wool-sorter, being stared at by a strange
child, exclaimed, 'Bless t'lad ! Did he nivver see a brat afore ?|
w.Yks.5 Lan. A single under-petticoat, and over that a ' bishop'
or 'brat' (a long apron reaching from the neck to the heels),
Westall Birch Dene (1889) I. 275 ; Their coarse brats, too scant
to give you any idea of clothing, encasing their bodies like the
outer wrapping of a mummy, Brierley Cast upon World (1886)
63. n.Lan.i Wei. Toone ( 1834). Not. (L.C.M.), Shr.i
5. An overbearing overlooker in a factory.
Yks.'Brat' is inconstant use in textile factories, both for the long
cotton pinafore worn by overlookers . . . and to describe these
officials themselves and the airs they often put on — a ' long brat,'
an overbearing overlooker, N. & Q. (1890) 7th S. x. 217.
6. A kind of dual apron, made of sheepskin or sacking,
worn by farm labourers when building corn-stacks, &c.
Nhb.' "[Also] worn by farm men when bathing sheep. It is
[then] called a ' bathing brat,'
7. The cloth put on a sheep or ewe, either to protect it
from the ' fly ' or to prevent its being covered by the ram.
Cum. (J. A.), n.Yks.'
8. Clothing, esp. in phr. bit or bite and brat, food and
raiment.
Sc. Want o' bread, an' brats, an' brose, A. Scott Poems (1808)
137 ; It's an ill warld that canna gie us a bite and a brat, Hender-
son Prov. (1832) 80, ed. 1881. Ayr. They maun hae brose and
brats o' duddies, Burns Dr. Blacklock (1789) St. 6. Lnk. To mak
them brats then ye maun toil and spin, Ramsay Gentle Shep. (1725^
33, ed. 1783. Ayr. To gctthem a bitandabrat, GaltW««. P«m/i
(1821) xvii. N.Cy.i Nhb.^ Maw canny bairns luik pale and wan,
Their bits and brats arc varra scant, Wilson Pitman's Pay (1826)
pt. i. 57. Cum. She's gitten her Sunday brats on (E.W.P.).
9. Scum formed on the surface of liquid, as cream on
the top of cooled milk, &c.
Sc. Applied to the cream, esp. of what is called a sour cogue, or
the floatings of boiled whey (Jam.). N.Cy.', Nhb.i
10. In coal mining, a thin stratum of coarse coal or black
stone, freq. found lying at the roof of a seam of coal.
Nhb. (R.O.H.) ; NUb.' Limestone brat 2 feet 6 inches. Borings
(1881) 113. Nhb., Dur. Greenwell Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
11. V. To cover the hinder part of a ewe to prevent its
being covered by the ram.
Cum. (J. A. ) ; Cura.i, s.Cum. (J.C.)
Hence Bratting, vbl.sb., see below.
Frf. Bratting, which is done by covering the sheep with a cloth
as an apron or brat. Stephens Farm Bk. (ed. 1849) 235. Cam.
When a shepherd wants a ewe to be fatted for the butcher,
' bratting ' is resorted to, ' twinters,' or Iambs of the second winter,
being selected (J. A.).
12. To curdle, solidify.
Nhb.* Thunder brats the cream. Earth is said to be brattcd
when baked and cracked with the sun, and plants, when similarly
dried and cracked, are said to be bratted. m.Yks.'
Hence (i) Bratted, ppl. adj., (2) Bratty, adj. covered
with a slight film, slightly curdled.
(i) Nhb. Bratted cream, when put into tea, separates itself into
small white particles (C.T.). Dur.*, n.Yks.*^, ne.Yks.*, m.Yks.'
(2) ne.Yks.* In common use.
[1. Brat, a rag, Bailey (1721) ; A bratte, paitniailiis,
Levins Manip. (1570). 8. And a brat to walken inne by
day-light, Chaucer C. T. g. 881. 11. To bratte, paititiat/is
cimmidare. Levins. OE. (Nhb.) bratt {Matt. v. 40) ; Olr.
bratt (Macbain).]
BRAT, sA.2 Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Stf. Der. Lin. Nhp. Shr. Oxf Ess. and in gen.
colloq. use. A child, gen. used as a term of contempt or
disparagement.
Elg. Elgin brats, like kittlin cats, Will scamper ower the
sward. Tester PofHi5 (1865) 115. Abd. Oh ! sorrow tak' the little
brat ! She's tumblet owre the basin, Ogg IViUie JValy (1873') 122.
Kcd. A wife he had and twa three brats, Jamie Muse (1844) 44.
Ayr. I bad Apollo's rhymin' brat Pay't up in haste, Sillar Poems
(1789) log. Lth. Girning, ragged brats for bread, Wi' their
whimp'ring shall assail ye, Bruce Poems (1813) 121. Rnf. His
wife and brats are starving, Tannahill Poems [iSo-j) 87, ed. 181 7.
Gall. Peace, devil's brats all ! Crockett Moss-Hags (1895) xix.
Ir. Sure we was on'y brats thim times. Barlow Lisconnel (1895)
65. Nhb.', Dur.', Cum.' Cum., Wm. Now seldom used and always
contemptuously (M. P.). Wm.', n.Yks. (W.H.), e.Yks.' w.Yks.
Ringing for the servant she asks where are the brats, Hamilton
Nugae Lit. {iS^i) ^og ; (J.T.) ; (J.R.R.); w.Yks.' Not always used
with contempt ; w.Yks.^ Lan. Used^cH. in a slightly reproachful
sense, 'Thoose dirty brats' (S.W.). m.Lan.', Chs.', Stf.', Der.'^,
nw.Der.' Lin. Skinner (1671). n.Lin.' Nhp.' A large family of
young children are 'a lot of little brats.' Shr.l s.Oxf. John
Henry had learnt to call them 'squalling brats,' Rosemary Chilterns
(1895) 186. Ess. A smart, quick-witted brat, Downes Ballads
(1895) 21. Colloq. Take your curly-wigged brat, and much good
may he do ye, Barham Ingoldsby (1840) Lay of St. Cuthbert.
[To draw the brats of Clarence out of sight, Shaks. Rich.
Ill, in. v. 107 ; O Abrahams brattcs, O broode of blessed
seede, Gascoigne De Profiindis (1575), in Poems, ed. 1869,
L 62.]
BRAT, 5J.2 Nhb. Yks. [brat] T\\ci tnxhot. Rhombus
ma.xiniiis. Cf bret.
N.Cy.' Nhb.' The crabby and dealers in ling, cod, and brats,
Wilson iI/ot'c/i/f«/ (1839). n.Yks. (T.S.) [Satchell (1879).]
BRATCH, see Brach, Breach.
BRATCHEL, s6. Sc. The husks of flax set on fire.
n.Sc. A heap of husks . . . collected . . . while the young women
were skutching their flax. The heap was soon formed and Norman
carried the brand and set fire to the bratchel, Clan-Albin (1815)
I. 75 (Jam.).
BRATCHET, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Also written
bratchart Sc. (Jam.) [bra'tjit.]
1. A forward, ill-behaved child.
Rxb. (Jam.) n.Cy. Grose (1790); N.Cy.>, Nhb.i w.Yks. Hutton
Tour to Caves (1781); w.Yks.s Thou young bratchet ! al aather
tcich thee to du different ur else al see !
2. A term of familiarity and aflfection applied to a lively
child.
Nhb.' Ye cunnin' little bratchet ; aa see ye there.
B RATI I
[383I
BRATTLE
3. Conip. Bratchett-clothes, fig. childhood, period of
adolescence.
w.Yks.' When a young man has arrived at maturity he will
cxullingly say, ' Now I've gotten out of bratchett-clothes.'
4. A silly person. Slk. (Jam.)
5. A true lover.
SIk. ' She has seven wooers and a bratchet/ referring to the
fidclitj' of a dog who constantly follows his master iib.).
[Prob. the same as ME. i/-(7(-/;c/(so OFr.),a small hoimd.
Brachetes bayed ))at best, Gawayne (c. 1360) 1603.]
BR ATH, sb. Obs. Cor. The mastiff' dog.
Cor. A'. & Q. (1854-1 ist S. X. 178.
[OCor. brallt, a mastiff. Cor. Voc. in Borlase's Aittiq.
Coimvall (in6g) 419; Brathcy, a mastiff, lit. a biting dog;
cp. W. brathxi, to bite (Williams).]
BRATH, V. Sc. To plait straw ropes round a stack,
crossing them at intervals. n.Sc. (Jam.)
Hence Brathins, vbl. sb. pi. the cross-ropes or ' etherins '
of the roof of a thatched house or stack. Ags. (Jam.)
[ON. bregma, ' ncctere' (Egilsson).]
BRATH, see Broth.
BRATHERING, see Bradow.
BRATTICE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Sl(. Also
in form bartice Sc. (Jam. Siippl.); brattish Sc. (Jam.
Siippl.) N.Cy.' Nhb.i n.Yks.= [bratis, bratij.]
1. A wooden partition between rooms.
w.Sc. (Jam. Suppl.), N.Cy.', n.Yks.'
Hence Brattished off, ppl. phr. partitioned off.
Nlib.' In a room, a portion is said to be ' brattished ofT' when a
wooden partition lias been run up to form a division or second
apartment.
2. A partition, either of wood or strong hempen sheeting,
placed in the shaft of a pit, &c., for the purpose of venti-
lation.
w.Sc. (Jam. Siipfl.), N.Cy.', Nhb.' Nhb., Dur. Its use is to
divide the place in which it is fixed into two avenues, the current
of air entering by the one and returning by the other, Greenwicll
Coal Tr. Gl. U849). e.Dur.', n.Stf. (J.T.) [The terms shaft brat-
tice, drift, headways, board, &c., brattice, are used according to
the situation in which the partition is placed, Gl Lab. i 1894).]
Hence Brattishing, vbl. sb. a partition placed in the
shaft of a pit for the purpose of ventilation.
Nhb.' I'lie collerens which formerly supported the bratticing were
all gone to decay, Scott V'ciitilal. of Coal Mines (1868131. Stf. (J.T.)
3. CoDip. Brattice-cloth, strong tarred canvas used for
making temporary air-courses.
Nhb.' Nhb., Dur.GREENWELL Con/ TV. C/. ! i849\ Lan.(F.R.C.)
[Gl /.«'). (1894 .]
4. The high wooden back acting as a screen to a ' long-
settle.'
N.Cy.' Nhb.'ANhb.manwasaskedto comefurtherintotheroom.
He replied : ' No, thank 3c ; aa'll just sit ahint the brattish.' e.Dur.'
n.Yks.' In some parts of the n. the high screen reaching from the
wall, close to the door, from an outer passage some way into the
room, forming, with its back, a sort of passage, and having a seat
affixed to its front by the fireside, is called a brattice ; n.Yks.*
5. A screen or reredos at the back of an altar or shrine.
n.Yks.=
Hence Brattishing, vbt. sb. the carved work on the top
of a shrine.
Nhb.' Before we descend let us glance between the brattishing
which surrounds the sides, Consitt Life St. Ciithbcrt (1887) 247.
6. The sconce within which the roast meat is done
before the fire. n.Yks.*
[The same word as ME. brelys, a parapet for defence.
Dcfencio ante iniiriDii, a bretys, Noiii. (c. 1450) in Wright's
yoc. (1884) 731. Cp. OFr. brclesche, see Hatzfeld (s.v.
bnicche).]
BRATTLE, si.' and v} Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Win. Yks.
Lan. [bratl-l
1. sb. A loud clattering noise.
Fif. Ilk bluidy brulziemcnt and battle Wi* swords, and staves, and
chariots' brattle, Tennant Papistry ( 1827I 4. Ayr. The first brattle
of the storm brought them in troops to his side, Johnston
Kiliiiallie (1891) II. 143 ; Thou need na start awa sae h.isty. 'Wi'
bickering brattle! Burns To a Mouse (1785) st. i. Lth. 'Mang
Hallowfair's wild noisy brattle, Ballanti.ne Poems (1856) 66.
Slk. Like thae commonplace burns that . . . contrive to get up a
desperate brattle amang the lowse stanes, ClIR. North Nodes
(ed. 1856) III. 339. N.Cy.', Nhb.' Cum. I dud come doon a
reglar brattle, Gwordie Greenup Aiiudder Batch (1873) 14.
2. Comp. Brattle-can, a noisy chatterbox ; a kicking cow.
Cum. ill. P. ; She's a rare brattlccan to chatter, Caine Shad.
Crime ( 1 885 i 213.
3. A peal of thunder, the crash of a storm.
So. Grose i 1790) MS. add. (C.) Abd. The village swain . . .
Maun bide the bick'rin' brattle, Beatties Parings (18031 24.
Wgt. I A.W.) If. There comes an accidental brattle of thunder,
Carleton Fardorougha (1848 1 iv ; A'. <&■ O. (1873) 4th S. xii. 325.
N.I.' Dwn. Knox //is/. Z):i'«. (1875^ s.Don. Simmons G/. 1 1890 .
N.Cy.' Cum. Brattles leyke thunder were frequently heard,
Ptnrilh Ol's. (Mar. 29, 1887); T'thunner-brattles was fearful
(,M.P.) ; |,H.W.) Wm. By gen! Did thoo hear that brattle?
^B.K.)
4. A sudden rush, start ; short race.
Sc. Better the nag that ambles a' the day than him that makes
a brattle for a mile, Scorr Rcdg. (1824) Lett. xii. Abd. All in a
brattle to the gate are gane, Ross Helenore 11768J 105, ed. 1812 ;
An' the horse tak' a brattle now, they may come to lay up my
mittens, Forbes .//v;. (1742) 15. Ayr, The sma', droop-rumpl't
hunter cattle, Might aiblins waur't thee for a brattle. Burns To
his Auld Marc, St. 10. Cum. They offwi' a brattle, Rayson Misc.
Poems (1858' 23.
5. A fray, conflict ; also usedy?^.
Ayr. Silly sheep wha bide this brattle O' winter war. Burns
Winter I\'ight (1785^1 St. 3. Edb. Just in the heart of the brattle,
the grating sound of the Yett . . . was but too plainly heard, MoiR
Mansie ll'aiich ( 1828) x. Nhb. An' ne'er a Hen o' Muffle's weight
Could Stan' her brattle, Dixon IVhiltingliam I ale 1, 1895 1 253 ; Nhb '
Saj's he, I have got quite enough, Sae thus we gave ower the
brattle, Robson Sngs. of Tyne (1849") 167.
6. V. To make a loud rattling noise, to blow with com-
pressed lips ; fig. to boast, brag, talk noisily.
Fif. The town's-drummer wi' his drum Begoud to brattle and
to bum, Texnant Papistry ( 1827') 134. Lth. The feeding shower
comes brattlin' doun, Ballantine Poems 1,1856) 29. Dmf. Auld
guns were brattling aff like thunner, Mavne Siller Gun i 1808 ' 45.
N.Cy.' Cum. Hoaf-svvoabered he brattled oot ' What does ta say .''
Gwordie Greenup Vance a Year (1873) 20. Wm.' n.Yks* They
brattled away [with trumpets]. [Grose (1790) MS. add. i,C.)]
7. To run quickly, to hurry, rush.
Sc. Brattlin frae the howe A shepherd's cur . . . Cam skelping
up, A. Scott Poems l,i8o8') 163. Lnk. Our twa herds come
brattling down the brae. Ramsay Gentle Shep. (1725 27, ed. 1783.
Kcb. Rejoiced at the sight They brattle to the brow, Davidson
Seasons (1789) 6. Wm. & Cum.' Whell fwokc to th' skenimels
brattl't. 202.
Hence Brattling, (a) prp. making a rattling, clattering
noise ; (Zi) ppl. adj. brawling, running tumultuously.
(i ) Lth. Whiles ripplin' owre the shingle. Whiles brattlin' doon
a corkscrew linn. Strathesk More Bits ;ed. 1885) 297. (2") Abd. A
brattlin' band, unhappily Drave by him wi' a binner. Skinner
Poems (1809) 5. Lnk. Those birks that shade that brattlin' stream
below, 15lack Fal/s of Clyde (18061 118. Lth. Heather braes An'
brattlin' rills, Ballantine Poems (1856) 192.
8. To spend money foolishly or ostentatiously ; to squander.
Lan. Davies Races (1856) 270.
(1. His harnass brak and maid ane brattill, Dunbar
Tiiinament (c. 1505) 73, cd. Small, H. 124. 5. ^e dou not
byde a brattill, Montgomerie Soiiit. xxii, ed. Cranstoun,
100. 6. Branchis brattlyng, Douglas Encados (1513), ed.
1874, III. 78.]
BRATTLE, adj., v.^ and sb." Chs. Lin. Nhp. e.An. Ken.
In form brottle, bruttle Ken. [bra'tl, brEetl.]
1. adj. Brittle.
n.Lin.' As brattle as cheany.
2. V. To lop off the branches of trees ; to split ofi.
Lin. Come out herewith the handbills and brattle all the willows
anywhere ni.gh, Fenn Dick o' the Fens (18881 iv. e.An.' Nrf.
Miller Sc Skertchly Fcnland (1878) iv. w.Ken. This wood
brottles off much easier than that (W.P'.S.).
Hence Brattlings, vbl.sb.pl. loppings from felled trees.
Nhp.'*, e.An.'. Nrf.'
3. sb.pt. Brick ends. Chs.'^
[Prob. a pron. of ME. brotet, brittle, fragile. We lian
this tresour in brotil vesselis, >ArvcLiF (1382) 2 Cor. iv. 7.]
BRATTLE-BRIG
[384]
BRAVE
BRATTLEBRIG, sb. Obsol. Cum. The bridge of
the nose. Cum. (E.W.P.) ; (A.S.-P.)
BRAUCH, see Brawtch.
BRAUCHIN, BRAUGHAM, see Bargham.
BRAUGHWHAM, sb. Obs. Lan. A dish made of
cheese, eggs, bread, and butter, boiled together. Cf.
brautin.
Lan. K.l ; Bailey fi72i1 ; Grose (17901.
BRAUN(D, see Brand.
BRAUNGE, V. Yks. Der. Not. Lin. Also written
brocangee.YlvS.'; brawngew.Ylcs.'^^; braundge n.Yks.'^;
bronge Der.^ nw.Der.' Not.'' [br^ndg, brqandg.]
1. To lounge at ease, to sit with the legs stretched out.
e.Yks.i
2. To strut, to bear oneself conceitedly.
Not. fJ.H.B.) ; Not.i s.Not. She braunges about as if she were
Lord Siimbudy (J-P-K.). Lin. Braunging at the door, as bold as
brass, Gilbert Rugge \ 1866") I. 53. n.Lin.' He went braungin'
along Brigg Markit-plaace as thof it was alibis awn. sw.Lin.^ She
braunges about witli two or three necklaces on.
Hence Braunging, ppL adj. swaggering, conceited ;
pompous ; coarse-featured.
n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.2 A great braundging weean. ne.Yks.' Sha's a
bold braungin'-leeakin woman. m.Yks.' w.Yks.' Sike a braungin,
gaustril, taistril, ii. 306 ; w.Yks.'^ A swaggering brawnging fellow ;
w.Yks.35, Not.i
3. To boast, talk conceitedly.
w.Yks.2, Der.2, nw.Der.i, Not.'"=3
BRAUNY, see Branded.
BRAUTIN, sb. Obsol. or obs. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Also
in forms braftin Cum. ; broughten Nhb.' ; brughtin
(Jam.), a girdle-cake sandwiched with cheese ; see
below. Cf. braughwhani.
s.Sc. Provided for the shepherds at the Lammas feast. An oat-
cake being put in a pot over the fire has butter poured on ft, and
receives the name of butter-brughtins (Jam.\ Rxb. Green cheese-
parings, or wrought curd, kneaded and mixed with butter or suet,
and broiled in the frying-pan. Also called brughtin-cake ib.).
N.Cy.' Formerly prepared for mowers in hay-harvest. A repast on
Midsummer eve, and also on St. Thomas' night. Nhb.' In Rothbury
parish, cakes to give to mowers for their noon, or luncheons.
Cum. Much used in former days at churn [harvest] suppers. It
was made by putting a layer of j'easted cake, then one of rich
cheese, and repeating these layers four or five times. It was cut
into slices and eaten with sweet sauce flavoured with rum. Now
scarcely known iJ.P.I.
BRAVE, adj., nit. and adv. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks.
Not. Lin. Nhp. War. Hrf Glo. Brks. Bdf Ken. Sur. Sus.
Hmp. I.W. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written bra'
Cor. ; braa Cor.° ; braave Dev. Cor. ; braayve Brks.'
1. adj. Handsome; goodly; said of anything fine or
superior of its kind. Also used ironically. See Bravely,
Braw.
Sc. To wish for a new [gown], if she likes to be brave, Scott
Midlotlna>t (1818) xi. Frf. The oldest cock of the farmyard . . . made
a brave appearance in a shallow sea of soup, Barrie LicJii ,1888)
1 10. Per. A brave scholar G.W. j. Ayr. I'll buy you the bravest
satin gown in a' Glasgow, Galt Entail 1 1823) xxvi. Ant. This is
a brave lass, Ba/h'iiicna Obs. (1892). N.I.' A brave day. That's
a brave chile ye've got. s.Wxf. ' Brave ' is in use as describing the
good qualities and attributes of men and things, but rarely means
courageous (P.J. M.V Nhb.' A brave lad. ' Brave' must always b-
joined with something agreeable. Cum. Bran new cwoat, and
brave ruffl'd sark, Anderson Ballads (18051 4! (M.P.) ; Ctim.'
n.Yks.^ ; n.Yks.^ It's brave for t'job [suitable for the purpose].
A brave house. ne.Yks.'. m.Yks.', w.Yks.' Hrf. That's a brave
boy! (W.W.S.) Ken. (P.M.); Ken.' He just was a brave fox.
Sur.i A large, wcU-falted animal is a ' brave beast.' Sus.' I.W.'
Thee beest a breyave buoy. Dev. Tha Lord Mayor in his carridge,
and a brave ol' dOmeshaw 'twuz, Hewett Pras. Sp. ( 1892) ; Dev.'
nw.Dev.' Brave grwains-on. s.Dev. A braave catch offish (S.P.F.).
Cor. The coach es gawn — that's a brave job. edn't et ? Pasmore
Stones (i893'i 3; Who es this bra maid? J. Trenoodle Spec.
(1846) 23; Cor.' Sometimes used without any well-defined meaning
to qualify a noun, implying that the thing is moderately good of its
sort. '"Tis brave weather ; Cor.^
Hence (i) Brave-looking, adj. comely; of good ap-
pearance; (2) Bravery, sb. splendour, display; line
clothes; (3) Bravety, ii. fine show, display.
(i) n.Yks.^ It's brave-looking beef and eats bravely. Cor. I'm
black, but braave-Iooking, Netherton Sh^. Sol. (1859) i. 5 ; Cor.'
A brave-looking man. (2) Sc. There's little bravery at it [a funeral];
neither meat nor drink, and just a wheen silver tippences to the
poor folk, Scott Bntic oj Latn. (1819) xxxv ; We must not be
pleased or put ofif with the buskry orbravorj' of language, M'Ward
Contenditigs ^17231 356 (Jam.). Ayr. All the unfinished bravery
of mournings which lay scattered around, Galt Sir A. JVylie \ 1822)
ii. War. Wise Shakespere (1861) 151. Brks.i (3) Abd. They
dress Maist like a knight or squire ; Wad ye nae think that some-
thing less o' bravety mith sair 1 CocK Simple Strains ! 1810)
II. 62. Flf. Busk't in his bravitie o' claes, Texnant Papistry
(^1827 ) 202.
2. In good health, hearty; recovered from illness.
s.Wxf. How is Anty to-day ?— She's brave (P.J.M.). w.Yks.
He wor badly, but is brave again now (C.C.R.) ; w.Yks.* Not.
(.L.C.M.) n.Lin. (M.P.); n.Lin.i Said especially with regard to
women after Ij'ing-in. She's been straange an' braave this last
weak, straange an' braave she hes. sw.Lin.', Nhp. 2, War. (J.R.W.),
War. 2 Glo.' How's Mrs. Smith ? — Oh ! her's a gettin quite brave
agven ; Glo.'' Bdf. A person is said to be * not very brave '
|J."W.B.\ Bus.'. Hmp.' Wil. Britton Bra/z/iVs I 1825). n.Wil.
He's main brave now lE.H.G). Wil.' Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873'! ;
Jennings Obs. Dial. zc.Eng. (1825). w.Som.^ Aew bee-eez maur-
neen? — Brae'uv, dhangk ee [How do j-ou do this morning? — ■
Brave, thank you]. Dev. I reckon I shall see *e out yet. Master
Passon ; for 'e don't look very brave, Blackmore Perlyeross '1894)
xxvi ; Dev.' n.Dev. Spoken of a person who is upon the recovery
from sickness, Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.) Cor. When their
health is inquired after, every man is ' brave,* and every woman
' charming,' \\vsT Pop. Rom. w.Eng. (1865^ II. 231 ; Mornin', Old
Zeb ; how be 'ee, this dellicate day?— Brave, thankee, Uncle,
' Q.' Three S/iips (1890) iv ; Cor.12
Hence Bravish, ad;, tolerablj' well.
Cor. How be you ? — Bravish, Ouilllr Couch Hist. Polperro
(1871) 174 ; Cor.i
3. Great, considerable.
Per. (G.W.) Dwn. There's a brave let of them (C.H.W.).
s.Wxf. She's a brave old age (P.J.M.V Cum. Tom Linton was
bworne til a brave canny fortune. Anderson Ballads '1805) Tom
Linton. n.Yks.' He's gelten a brave bit o' brass ; n.Yks.'' Dev.
Bill . . . had a braave sight o' common sense, Piiillpotts Bill
Vogzvell in Blk. and IVhiie (June 27, 1896) 824 ; 'Twas a brave
storm we had last night. A brave lot o' vokes to fair. Reports
Provinc. (1886) 92. nw.Dev.' Her liv'd to a brave age. Cor. A
braave accident it was, I assure ee, Tregellas Taks (18601 7 ;
One Christmas Eve, soas, a bra' while ago. Forfar Poems (1885)
72 w.Cor. Most freq. shortened into 'bra" in ' a bra' few,' 'a bra'
(link ' ( M.A.C,>. Cor.^ A bra' deal. How far is it to Fraddam ? —
Aw, tis a brave step.
Hence (i) Bravish, adj. considerable, fairly large; (2)
Brave-like, adj. large.
(I'l Dev. They rag mats have brought me in a bravish lot,
Mortimer Tales ui. Moors (1895) 219. Co.-. A bravish sum fo'r
travellin' expenses, ' Q.' Troy Town (1888} xix. (2) n.Yks.'' A
brave-like lot [assemblage].
4. In phr. brave and, used with advb. force before another
adj. : very, exceedingly.
Gall. It is indeed brave and dustj-, Crockett Moss-Hags (1895^
xlvi. N.Cy.' Nhb. Their streets are brave and blashy, Midford
Sngs. (1818^68; Nhb.' 'Brave an' seun,' in very good time. Brave
an' near. n.Yks.' How are you this morning. Thomas? — Brave
an' weel, thank 'ee. w.Som.' Missus is brave and angry, sure
'nough. Dev. 'Fez brave an' dismal 'ome tu 'ouze zince Annie
hath adied, Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892). Cor. He do hold his nose
brave an' high, Forfar Wizard (1871) 8; Cor.' I'm braave and
well, thank 'ee. Brave and wicked ; Cor.^ Brave an' cold.
5. int. O brave / indeed,! good!
Dor.' O brave! what wages do er mean to gi'c ? 234. w.Som.*
' Oa brae'uv ! ' a very common exclamation.
6. adv. Very, exceedingly.
Nhb.' He's a brave Strang un. Dev. Aw fegs ! 'tez a brave bad
job! Hewett Pf«i. Sp. (1892) 77. nw.Dev.' I zim you've bin a
brave lung time. Cor. Miss Reeney es a bra' tidy maid, Forfar
Wizard ..iBii) 8.
7. Capitally, in first-rate style.
Dev. He sawled pure heather honey at a shillin' a pound an' did
braave 'pon it. Piullpotts Bill yogziell in Bit. and IV/iite .}nne s-j,
18961 824. Cor. He . . . laughed and chatted bra-ave, Forfar
Poems (1885^ 25; Cor.'^ He's gittin on braave.
BRAVELY
[385]
BRAWN
Yks.
BRAVELY adv Sc. Ircl. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm.
Nlip. War. Brks. c.An. Sus. Dev.
B^rav^^ ''"''"' satisfactorily; finely; prosperously. See
. \"- ' ^"'^ "^"'"S bravely ' is higher praise than 'brawly' (G W ^
Ant. Hoo ,1- :>^u gettin- on ?-Bravely, /}«//,.„„„„ Qbs. (iSgal N I i
bravllv°I? i [recovering finely]. Cum. Ah kent t'voice
bravely at yance, Sargisson Joe Scoap (1881) 6 ; Nin on us durst
FlT,r^ «^;^ T,'^-;"^ '^'^"*- '^■^''='- ^^^h bravely,' -at he vvas Varlg
fAiRALL Belly II, /so,, (1886) 35: YeVe duin br.-ivelv iMpT
^.',^' iVr^^^u '^'"'y set on bravely. e.Yks.' MS add. ( T.H '
w.\ks •Thou s bravely donn'd. War.2 How'sthcmissis'-Oh she's
doin bravely, thank you. Sus.> I have been making out bravely
since 3'ou were last here. Dev. 'Er th agiidied [improved] bravely
thews last vew days, Hewett Pias. Sp. (1892) 90 ; Dev.i
2. In good health, well.
„ °I°- ^^^t'l.y''' ''f y-'- ''"•'' °"'--' Cam. Aa-s bravely,
thenk ye (M P.) ; Cum.i Wm. They erbeaath braavely, Wheeler
Vial. (1790) 115, ed. 1821 ; Wm.> n.Yks. (IW.)- n Yks '2
f-How Z-^- '"'^- /?■•"• ^ ■".•^''"' T''^ -P'y '° the 'customary
How do you do?' w.Yks.'2, Nhp.i War. C7m», IVkly. Post
(June 10, 1893 ; War.i3 firks.i A veels quite braayvely this
marnin . e.An.', Sus.i j j '=
3. In phr. Bad ivi' the bravelics, havip" nothin>^ tlie
matter, bemg quite well. Ant. BaUy,„cna Obs. 1 189-) °
tion^Mb?°^^' **' ^*'" ^■'''"■^ ^ '"'S'' ''''Sree of irrita-
Sc. Thae-critics get up wi'-sic youfat bravooras— as wud gar
ane . . trow they ettlit to mak a bokeek o' 'im, Blackiv. Ma-r (Apr
1821) 351. Ayr. Ofa ferocious beast : He's in his bravooras.
1 71?^'^^' "'^•' ""'^- ^""i ^*- Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks
I.Ma Alsownttenbra'Sc.Cum.;braaSh.I.Nhb.'; brow
isnll.* [bro, bra.]
1. rt<// Of persons : handsome, well-dressed; pleasin-^.
Of clothes, &c. : smart, handsome. See Brave
Sc. The plain swan's-down will be the brawerof the twa Scott
St. Ro„ani.i82^) xv. Sh.I. Mony anidder boddy braa. Burgess
Ras»ue {i8gi^ 74. Bnff.^ Abd. A muckle hoose an' braw fowk
Alexander Jolmny Gibb (1871 1 vii. Kcd. A braw and handsome
dame, Jamie J/»« (,844) 2. Per. The braw folk crush the poor
folk down N.coLL Poc,„s ! 1837) 173. ed. 1843. Rnf. If they wad
dr.nk net les in March . . . Sae many braw maidens Wadna gang
to the clay, Swainson IVeather Fik-Lorc (iBtm 60 Ayr His
locked, letter'd, braw brass collar, Burns Tua bops (1786) • We
all went with our best breeding helped by our brawest deeding
Galt Pi-ovost {Z822) xi. Lnk. .She's the brawest lass in the
country-side, Fraser JVAai.fis (1895) vii. Lth. A braw lad cam'
wooin oor Jean McNeill Preston (c. 1895) 66. Bwk. The lasses
o tarls oun are bonny and braw, Henderson Pop. P/n;„es 1 18=;61
79 ; As braw as Sink's wife, ib. 80. Kcb. I wad gien ilka steek o'
my braw Sunday claes, Armstrong Musings (1890I 140 uis
hveryday braw mak's Sunday a daw, Uls.Jm.Anh. (i854)"ll. 120'
Xf^l n'^w S'7y°"'" ''"^v lodger hunt his health, Graham
Moorl. Dml. (1826; ,4 ; Nhb.i w.Yks. Willan List IVds. iiQii)
I.Ma. A braw little rogue, Caine />,;;«/£• r ( i 889) 35.
Hence Braw-warld, adj. siiowj', gaudy.
Sc. Golden chains and looped-up bonnets, with braw-warld
dyes and devices on them, Scott Q. D,.rwarU (1823) HI. 106.
^. Ijrand, fine; good.
(.f^'7^''-^'"'i°" ^ braw simmer morning, Scorr /?nV/^o/i«m.
U819. xxiv ; Braw news is come to town. Chambers Po^ Rl>y>„es
(1870) 118; France is . . . brawer, I believe, but it's no Scotland
o' th7 ve°r ^'""'""' ('89=) ^^- ne-Sc. A braw day for the season
o the year Grant Keekleto,,, 39. Abd. He made a braw penny
affo you, Alexander Johnny Gibb (1871) x. Frf. 'Tis braw to
be young, L^mclVaysideFlrs. (1846) 34. Ayr. Mony braw thanks
to the me.kle black de.l. Burns The Dcils Awa- Sic a braw
property as the Plealands, Galt Entail (1823, viii. Lnk. Nine
bra nout were smoor'd, Ramsay Ga,lte Slu-p. (,7051 2,, ed. ,783.
Lth. Braw luck an sonsy weans. Smith il/wv /3nV/«/ (1866I 16
n.Ir. A haw year, A braw year, Swainson U'cathe,- Ftk-Lo,e i87ai
V K r 'r. '^ ' "}'' ^■, -^^ '^^' N'^"- "='= Kaen down iv a briw
steam boat, Oliver Local Sn^s. 1 1824I 6 ; Nlib.>
3. In phr. braw and, used withadvb. force before another
adj. : very, extremely.
Frf. She was braw an' cool, Barrie Thrtims (1889) 140 Lnk
Kirsty may put them on and wear them Im brawen sure!
Wardrop John.ne Math.son (1881) 26. Gall. I'm braw an' prood
to ken ye, sir, Crockett Siinboiinct 1,1895 vi • 1 A W l
VOL. I. ' ' ''
4. adv. Finely, well ; very.
hk^M i^^xr'f^^u' ^^ ^^^^ "'■'='' '"~' S^'*'' ^''^'■'■svde (ed. 1896)
PnliiL f 'fi . ■""''"-" -"^^vments [images] carvit braw, Tennant
^fi'-try (1827) 9, ; It was promisin' braw when I took ill,
Robertson Provost (1894) 30. '
6. sb.pl. Fine clotiies.
ri8^i6/ xvv;^° a''"'"' ?'•"" f! ■''°"' '""^'" °"' Scott Ant!q,.a,y
l.^,lrfl^t i rf- "^2-*l94. Frf. A' the bonny braws they wear
Laing IVaystde Firs. (1846) 131. Ayr. The buying o' your brida
braws Galt La.rds ( .826, xxx. Lnk. Wffe and bairns w-ere thrang
m'S J ,^^^°" ^"" "'^' chines on silken braws. Smith
sm,'-;? f '^ " ^ '^.f ' T- '^""- ^Vi' ''■■^'^ ^'^^' ""Skit, rig-rand
squard, STAGGil/wf-. Porms (1807) 143. ^
[1. The Duke of Guise with . . . nionie brawe and weirlie
captanes, Dalrymple Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1596) II. ^70 1
BRA WARD, see Breward. ^^'^
BRAWCHE, see Brawtch.
BRA WIS, see Brewis.
BRAWLER, sb. Dor. Som. A bundle of reeds or
See'Srer.' ^ °^ ^''""^ '^^'^hing seven pounds.
(W.°/-.^Crw &VGff)873f°"- "°"°'' ^-'■^'''- '''"'■ ('«^3);
f^^M^^' "''■ ^'- ^'"- ^^'^^^-^ Small twigs among
(m"p '"■ ^^"'^ '" depreciation. Well, it is eldin, bud mostly brawls
iMib. ; brahly Wm.': brawlins. hrnwUp= t;^ ri,..=.i:
jralii '''■^^'y ^^""-'i brawUns/browlies Sc. [brpli,
1. Well, finely.
Sc. I believe ye ken brawly what I am, Scorr Rob Roy (iSn'l
IX ; God s am are brawlie aff, Waddell Ps. (1891) xvi, heading
Sh.I. Da man at w.rds his letter braaly, Burgess Raslnie ^89?)
?,Rn.^^ r^, V \^'" I mean.-Ay, brawly, Setoun 5«»sW
(1B95) 32. Elg. Yer brawhes provided for, Barbara, I'm thinkin'
1 ESTER Po^„,^ (186s) 133. Abd. Bat for a' that we came browlies
(WMV°Th Ty"r-.(nl-t^' '4= 'Brawlins' is obsol. form
lln.:<^ •>, I ^"^'^^^ [do] brawly withoot if. Ocg inilie IVaty
I ;7i-' I,} 3 V?'"" "'-r •■'^■'^ '""^'^'i' '^"^'^'='' ="'' "dy. an- clean,
Laing lVays,de Fh-s. , 1846) 23. Rnf. O 'tis a wearv pain. As
I can brawly tell, Barr Poems (1861 i 2. Ayr. ' Can ye eie
a stranger his dinner wi' us the day?' ■ Brawlv,' answered Jock
R,mL «" / /"^^6) .^"^viii ; Brawly kens iur wanton chief
M^ c? *"''"' = ^' gra'efu' heart I thank you brawUe, ib. To
IV. Simpson. , ■ -A"
2. In good health.
Abd. Hoo's your afn folk?-BrawIy-meat-hale and hearty
G,„d,nan Inghs,„a,ll (1873) 36. Slk. Hoo's a' wi' ye, JeemsJ-
Lrawhes-brawhcs, sir, Ci.r. North Nodes (ed. i8s6) IV. 36.
Nhb.i Hoo IS thoo the day ?-Aa's braaly, lad. Wm.' I'se brahly,
thank yah. • •"
BRAWN, 5i.i Sc. Also written bran.
1. I lie fleshy part of the leg, the calf.
Inv. ^W.M ), Nai. : Jam.) Kcd. Half the beets o' Spanish leather
Kisin owre his ample brawn. Grant Z.nv5 1884-) 81. Edb His
n" ,. ,T^w^^'''"'""■ ^'''*" ""y '''^"^' *'o'« ^^"'"''^ "'«"<■/' (1828) ix.
Gall. (A.W.) ^ '
2. Comp. Brawn-burdened. Of persons : carrying sturdy
Fif. Some, Sampson-thigh'd. and large and big of bone. Brawn-
burdened, six feet high or little less, Tennant Anster (1812) 67,
ed. 1871. ^ ' "
[1. pe brawne of a man, sura, Catli. Aiiel. (148^). OFr
bmou, muscle: Fr dial. (Norm.) braon, 'partie charnue
du corps (WoisY).]
BRA.WN, sb.'^ Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf Der
Not. Lin Lei Nhp. War. Shr. Rdn. Glo. e.An. Written
bran Nhb.' [bron. brcan.] A boar pig.
Sc. A'. & Q. (1856: 2nd'S. i. 416. Rxb. JAM.^. N.Cy.i Nhb.
A brawn of vast size, Richardson Borderers Table-bk ^1846' VI
365 ; Nhb.i Cum. Grose (1790: ; Loud as brawns war snowran,
bTAGG Misc. Poems (1805) Biidewain ; Gl. (.1851) Yks 1 K ■)
n^Yks. 1st weaud [mad] owse, that biped at our brawn ? Meriton
P>a,seAle(i684)i.356;(T.S.) m.Yks.l w.Yks. It is of a brawn
cVr,v fi.^*""^^ P'''""'^ ^""^^ "Pf"'' a sign, Mather S;,PS.
Shejfield (1862) 42; w.Yks.>2, Lan.>, nc.Lan.', e.Lan.i, Chi>,
3D
BRAWN
[386]
BRAZENED
s.Chs.i, Stf.2, Der.l, Not.l, Lin.i, Lei.i, Nhp.=, WarA Shr.i
Rdn. Morgan JVds. (i88r). Glo.i, e.An.i Nif. Cozens-Hardy
Broad Nif. (1893) 7. Euf. Rainbird ^gn'c. (1819) 289, ed. 1849;
(F.H.) ; Suf.' [Stephens Fanii Bk. (ed. 1849J I. 349.]
Hence Brawner, sb. a gelt boar.
Sc. A'. & Q. 1,1856) 2nd S. i. 417. [Stephens Farm Bk. (ed.
1849. I. 349']
[Brok-brestede as a brawne, with brustils fulle large,
Morle Arl/t. (c. 1420) 1095, ed. Brock, 33. A special use
of Brawn, sb}]
BRAWN, see Brand.
BRAWNET, BRAWNY, see Branded.
BRAWSE, sb. pi. Lan.
1. Brambles, furze.
w.Lan. Davies Raes (1856^ 227. s.Lan. Bamford Dial. (1850").
2. Coiup. Braws-land, light moss land which will produce
straw without grain. s.Lan. ib.
[Perh. the same as Gael, and Ir. preas, a bush, briar
(Macbain).]
BRAWSEN, pp. Lan. Burst; gorged with food;
over-full. Cf brossen.
Lan. There's nowt at a' coorse nor brawsen aboot him, Waugh
Jamtock (1874) v; They're as reaunt an' as brawsen as frogs,
Brierley IVaverloto (1863) 177, ed. 1884 ; He's braws'n wi' sense
[is conceited] (S.W.) ; Lan,' There's plenty o' chaps i' Rachdaw
teawn at's so brawsen wi' wit, Waugh Bury (,1857) 33.
BRAWSEN, see Brust.
BRAWTCH, sb. e.An. Ken. Written brauch (Hall.),
brawche Ken.^ [br^tj.]
1. A flexible twig of hazel, willow, &c., used by thatchers
to peg down straw or reed.
Nrf.' (s.v. Brattlings). Suf. (C.T.) ; Suf.l
2. Obs. Rakings of straw, used to kindle fires.
Ken. Lewis/. Tenet {i-^iG, ; Grose(I79o); OA5. (P.M."); Ken.'^
BRAXY, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Also in forms
bracks Sc. ; brakesowt, brakshy Cum.' ; braxied Cum.
See below, [bra'ksi.]
1. An internal inflammation in sheep, occurring in
several forms known as Y)vy, Dumb, Watery Braxy.
Sc. Also called grass-ill, Annals Agric. (1784-18151. Ags.
Another malady preys on the sheep here. Among the shepherds
it is called the Bracks, Barrie Statist. Ace. IV. 242 (Jam.). Cum.'
[The braxy would never aflfect young hill-sheep, Stephens Farm
Bk. (ed. 1849) I. 241.]
2. A sheep that has died of braxy or by some natural death.
Ayr. While moorlan' herds like guid fat braxies. Burns To
W. Simpson (1785). Gall. (H.M.)
3. The flesh of sheep which have died a natural death ;
diseased mutton.
Arg. A cogie of brose and a bit braxy in his belly, Munko
Pibroch (1896) 193. Edb. Salt and water wi' twa or three nips o'
braxy floating about in it, Moir Mansie ll'aiich (18281 xxvi. Lth.
He ne'er wants a braxy, nor gude reestit ham, Ballantine Pof;;iS
(1856) 98. Bwk. Stinkin' braxy, teugh as wuddy, Henderson
Pop. Rhytnes (1856) 83. Gall. Feeding on fine porridge and
braxy, Crockett Bog-Myrtle (1895) 50. Nhb. Here's milk and
here's meal and here's braxie as weel, Armstkong IVanny Blossoms
(1876) 76. Cum. Mutton ham, * braxy,' as hard as a deal board
and as saltas brine, Linton iii^iV Z.O)fo« (1867) xvi ; Cum,' Wm.
' It is no better than brocksha.' Always a term of disgust, and one
in current use (B. K.).
4. Used atthb. in comp. Braxy-mutton.
Sc. Feed him on bcarmeal scones and braxy mutton, Scott
Reilg. (18241 ^i ; Braxey mutton alternated with fried bacon,
Cunningham Broomieburn (1894) vi. Nhb,' 'Traik' (also known
as ' fa'en meat ' and ' saf ') is a gen. term for all dead mutton, as
disting. from butchered mutton ; * braxy,' on the contrary, refers
to death from a specific disease (s.v. Traik). Cum. Braxied mutton
was a frequent article of diet. Ferguson Hist. Cum. (ed. 1890) xx.
5. Food of any description. Bnlf.'
6. In phr. tu say breahsha, 'to say Jack Robinson,'
denoting a very short time.
Cum. He was geaan afooar yan could say ' breaaksha,' Sargisson
Joe Scoap (i88ij 14.
BRAY, v.^ and .si.' Irel. and all n. counties to Lan.
Also Lin. [bre, brea.]
1. V. To beat ; to bruise or grind to powder.
Uls. (M.B.-S.) n.Cy.GROSE(i79o)7>/5. orf(/. (P.); N.Cy.' Nhb.
Aw've bray'd for hours at woody coal, Wilson Pitman's Pryi (1843)
33 ; Nhb.' Aa'll bray the sowl oot o' ye. Dur.', e.Dur.' Cum.
She brays the lasses, starves the lads, Anderson Ballads (1805)
77; Jacob Fox brayt a Workington chap till he was o bleud ower,
Dickinson Lamplugh (1856) 8; Cum.'^ Wm. She'd bray'd him
until he was broon as a brackin', Bowness Studies (1868) 56;
Before a bench of magistrates a wife lately pleaded that her
husband had brayed her (M.P.) ; Wm.' n.'i'ks. The watchmen
fand me, they bray'd me, they wounded me, Romnson Sng. Sol.
(i860) V. 7 ; n.Yks.' Be sharp, and get thee yamm, or thee'll get
tha' back bray'd a bits. T'moodher's latin' thee ; n.Yks. ^ I'll bray
thee to a mithridate [medicinal confection]. ne."yks.' Ger oot o'
t'hus, or ah'U braay tha. e.Yks. To bray limestones for the kiln,
&c., Marshall Rtiy. Econ. (1788) ; Ah'U bray him black and blew
wi besom shaft, Nicholson Flk-Sp. 1 1889) 23 ; e.Yks.' m.Yks.'
Wheat is brayed, to prepare it for boiling. w.Yks, Brayin' stoans
at t'roadside, Preston in y^sxinH. (Sept. 1878) 171 ; Then, lifting
up her umberel, shoo brayed him aght o' t'room, Sowrey Gems
(1891) 49; Bray some sand [for the floor] with a flat-faced
hammer, called the sand-hammer, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Dec, 27,
1890) ; w.Yks,' Pash'd an bray'd his harnes out, ii, 303 ; w.Yks.^^
Lan. A man wad be bray'd to deeath befoor he'd give in, ' Eaves-
dropper ' Vill. Life (1869) 24. n.Lan.' Lin. Streatfeild Lin. and
Danes (1884) 319.
Hence (i) Brayed, ppl. adj. pounded, pulverized; (2)
Brayer, sb. a beater used in pounding soft sandstone ;
(3) Braying, vbl. sb. pounding ; a beating ; (4) Braying-
steeak, s6. a public whipping-post ; (5) Braying-stone, see
below.
(i ) Nhb.' Brayed sand. (2) ib. (3") Nhb. The stone bench used
for ' braying' sand upon, Clare Love 0/ Lass (i8go) I. 97. Cum.'
Aal gie thee a brayin. Wm. That foks can co themsells Christians
efter . . . braying to mummy ought of their awn likeness, Hutton
Bran New fFrt;vt (1785) I. 165. n.Yks. It finisht up wiv her brayin'
him out, Tweddell Clevel. Rhymes (1875) 42 ; n.Yks.' ; n.Yks. ^A
brayingmortar. w.Yks. Sand costs nowt but t'fotchin' an' t'brayin',
Yks. Factory Times (Aug. 2, 18891 5- (4) n.Yks.2 (5) Nhb.', Cum.'
Cum., Wm. The brayin'-stean is a flat-topped stone in a back-yard,
on which was pounded, with another hard stone held in the hand,
the sand for kitchen floois — usually red freestone. The white
pieces were brayed for scouring the milk-vessels of wood (M.P.)
2. sb. A beating, a blow.
s.Dur. He's gitten his brays to-day (J.E.D.). Yks. He's gin
t'chair mony a bray too, Philip Neville, xii. e.Yks. (G C), w.Yks.
(■W.A.S.)
3. A crumbling stone. Uls. (M.B.-S.)
BRAY, •!;.= and sb.'^ Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Brks. [brS.]
1. V. Of a horse : to neigh.
Brks. Grose (1790'i ; Gl. (1852) ; Brks.'
2. To cry out ; to shout ; to abuse.
Nhb. Two women disputing in the street 'bray' each other.
Tit-bits (Aug. 8, i8gi) 280. w.Yks. Aw've seen chaps brayin one
another. Hartley Sects Paris, 86. ne.Lan.'
3. sb. A loud shout.
Cum. Theear was a greet bray fro them aw like as you heears
noo an' then at t'leckshun times, Farrall Betty rF//5o;^ (1886) 30.
[1. pat hors . . . ran awaye, and faste gan neye and
loude braye. Sir Feriiiiibras (c. 1380) 3669. 2. He sal
here it . . . Bath cri and brai for dute and drede, Cursor M.
(c. 1300) 22607.]
BRAY, sb.^ Glo. [bre.] Hay raked into long rows,
before it is made into cocks.
GIo. Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.) ; Glo.'2
BRAY, see Brae.
BRAYS, see Breeze.
BRAZE, V. e.An. To deny, contradict, argue.
e.An.' Suf. Don't braze what I say. You would braze anj' one
out of his chris'nin, Prop. (F.H.)
BRAZED, see Breezed.
BRAZEN, V. Yks. Also Brks. Written braayzen
Brks.' [bra'zsn, Brks. brezan.J In phr. to brazen out,
to carry a bold face after wrong-doing.
n.Yks. 2 They brazzen'd it out. Brks.'
BRAZEN-DISH, sb. Der. The standard measure for
ore.
Der. Houghton Rara Avis (1681); Furness Medicus (1836)33.
BRAZENED, ppl. adj. Dur. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Der. Also written brassantVVm.'; brassen(e)d n.Yks.'
BRAZEN-MADAM
[387]
BREAD
neYks.'; brazent Chs.' nw.Der.'; brazzant w.Yks.* ;
brazzen'd n.Yks.*; brazzent n.Yks.^ e.Yks.' See below,
[brazand, bra'zant, nw.Der. brezant.] Bold, impudent,
shameless.
s.Dur. (J.E.D.), Wm.' n.Yks.' She's as brassened a brovvl as
ivver Ah ligged cen on ; n.Yks ^^, ne.Yks.', e.Yks.' w.Yks.
7"Iia'rt a nasty braziind pooid for-nowt, Yii'sinaii. Xinas No. {i8-]8)
10 ; w.Yks.^ As brassant as Hector, 20. Lan. Did hoo stare thee
i' th' face, like a brazent snickct! Brierley IVaver/ow {1S63) 112,
cd. 1884. e.Lan.', Clis.', nw.Der.'
Hence Biazzandly, ac/v. boldly, impudently.
■w.Yks. Befooare t'vvinder he brazzandly stood, Blackah Poems
(18671 28.
BRAZEN-MADAM, sb. Not. Lei. War. An impudent
or shameless 'wench.'
Not.' Lei.' ' Jup, yo breezen-madam !' said by a little girl to a
crying baby she was carrying. War.^
BRAZIER, sb. N.I.K Applied to the following fishes :
(i) Morrluia liisca, pout; (2) M. ntinida, poor or power
cod ; (3) Pagcllus ccntrodo)itus, sea bream.
BRAZIL, sb} Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Lin. Mtg. Also
written brazzil nc.Yks.' w.Yks. e.Lan.' Der." In form
brazzin Chs.' s.Chs.' [bra'zil, bra'zl.]
1. A hard wood, Brazil wood, Caesalpinia Sappait, taken
as the type of hardness, in phr. as hard as btazil. Some
refer this simile to Brazil, sb?
n.Yks. (W.H.) ne.Yks.' Only occurs in two expressions, ' as
hard as a brazzil,' and ' as fond as a brazzil.' w.Yks. It forhead
is az hard as brazzil, Tom Treddlehoyle Bairnsla Ann. (1854)
26 ; w.Yks.'' Lan. I thought that Jack had bin as hard as brazzil,
Waugh Ch'.nin. Coih<-;( 1874) 8 ; Lan.', e.Lan.' Clis.' ' As hard as
brazzin ' is often heard in the neighbourhood of Middlewich ; Chs.^
s.Clis.' %'ll? Only in the phr. 'as hard as brazil.' Lin. Streat-
JEILD Lin. and Danes (1884) 319. n.Lin.' sw.Lin.' The ground's
as hard as brazil. Mtg. That fellow's head is as hard as brazil
(E.R.M.).
2. Comp. Brazil-dust, powdered Brazil wood.
n.Lin.' Used for making diet-drink.
BRAZIL, sb? Yks. Stf. Der. Lei. Shr. Pem. [bra-zil,
brazl.]
1. Iron pyrites.
Der.^, nw.Der.' Shr.' Brazil is found chiefly in the ' yard-coal.'
s.Pem, The lime stone be'nt up to mooch, they be full of brazzle
(,W.M.M.).
2. Hard, inferior coal.
w.Yks. (S.O.A.) s.Stf. Theer's a putty lot o brazzil in this last
load o' coal, Pinnock Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895). Lei.' Used in furnaces
for the manufacture of crown-glass, &c.
BRAZZIL, sb. Chs.i A Brazil nnt.
BRAZZLE, V. Yks. To knock down. Cf broizle.
n.Yks. Ah'll brazzle thee down ti t'hahstns (I.W.).
BRAZZLE, see Bristle, Brizzle.
BRAZZLED, ppl. adj. Cum. Yks. Also in forms
brizled, bruzled Cum.' Scorched, parched, over-cooked.
Cum.' * Brazzled pez ' are scorched peas scrambled for by bo^'S
. .. amongst the hot ashes [of a burnt sheaf of peas"!. Yks. Applied
to meat too much boiled, Grose (1790 _) MS. add. (P.)
BRAZZOCKS, see Bazzocks.
BREA, see Brae, Breeze.
BREAADY, sb. Wm. A cow.
Wm. I went . , . wie awr brcaady toth bull, Wheeler Dial.
(1790") 60.
BREACH, sb., v. and ad/. Lin. Bdf. e.An. Sus. Wil.
Som. Dev. Cor. Also Anier. Also written brache, brach
Bdf. ; bratch e.An.' ; breicht- Lin. [brltj, w.Som. bret/.]
1. sb. A breach of manners or conduct.
Lin. (GG.W.) sw.Lin.' She made a sad breach before she left.
2. Land prepared for seed.
Wil. (^G.E.D.) w.Soni.' If thoroughly broken up and pulverized
it is said to be a good breach. If this is not done from any cause,
a bad breach. Dev.', nw.Dev.' Cor.'' Coarse, furzy, and heathy
ground on which the turf has been cut and burnt.
3. Comp. Breach-land, land newly broken up from
grass.
Lin., Cor. Morton Cyelo. Agn'e. (1863).
4. Any kind of spring-sown corn ; all leguminous crops.
Bdf. Batchelor Anal. Eng. Lang. (.1809) ; They'll be getting in
the brache (J.W.B.). e.An.'
5. Comp. Breach-crop, any spring crop; the third crop
in rotation.
Lin. What is commonly called the breach-crop being sowed in
moities of beans and oats. Marshall /?«»/fzf (181 1) 111. 49. e.An.
Morton Cyclo. Agn'e. 1863'.
6. V. Of cattle; to break fences. Cor.'
Hence Breachy, adj. wild, given to breaking fences ;
a\so/ig.
Sus. HoLLOWAY ; Sns.' Som. A log of wood is hung round a
cow's neck when the animal is breachy (W.F.R.^. Cor. As wild
and as breachy as deers, Thomas Randigat Rhymes ' 1895) 7 ; Cor.'
A breachy cow. [New Eng. Applied to unrulj- o.\cn. Bartlett.
Can. He owned a yoke of villanous ' breachy ' oxen, Cornh. Mae.
XLVII. 592.]
7. adj. Wild, knowing no bounds.
Dev.' Hold not so breach now, but hear first what I've to zay,
22. Cor. A horse or other beast is said to be breach. Monthly
Mag. (i8o8) II. 423 ; She [the cow] is rather breach, and she've
had a taste of Tom Delbridge's ooats tlieere, Tregellas Riiial
Pop. (1863.53.
BREACHY, adj. Sus. Hmp. Cor. [brrtji.] Brackish,
having a salt taste. Cf brack.
Sus.' 2 Hmp.' Appl. to smuggled spirits which have been im-
pregnated with salt water. Cor. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) ;
Cor.' Breachy water ; Cor.''
[Writers have distinguished . . . Odours and Savours,
as sweet, bitter, salt, sharp, breachj', soure. Chandler
Van Helmoni (1662) 158 (N.E.D.).]
BREAD, sb} Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. Eng. Also
Colon. Also written breid Sc. ; breod w.Yks.' Lan.' ;
brade Lan.' e.Lan.'; breead Wm.' e.Yks.'
1. A loaf of bread.
Sc. Still used by bakers (Jam.),
2. Oat-cake ; hard biscuit.
Abd. Fat are ye deein pirlin aboot at yer breid ? Alexander
Johnny Gibb {1871) viii. Lan. Win yo have hard brade ? Waugh
. Life and Loealilies (1855) 24; Lan.', e.Lan.' [Nfld. Hard biscuit,
Amer. Flk Loie Soc. (1894).]
3. A cake.
Lan.' Wilto have breod or loaf?
4. Comp. (i) Bread-berry, soaked bread eaten by little
children, pap ; (2) -biscuit, a small round loaf baked in
a shallow tin; (3) .combed, of honej': candied, sugary;
(4) -creel, a frame, suspended in a kitchen, on which
oat-cake is placed to dry; see Bread-flake : (5) -jack, a
relieving officer; (6) -loaf, a loaf of bread; (7) -meal,
(a) unrefined flour used in the making of brown bread ;
(b) the flour of pease and barley; (8) -morning, a piece
of bread given to a ploughman on going to his work in
the morning; (9) -reel, see -creel; (10) -spade, an iron
instrument made in the shape of a spade used for turning
bread on the griddle; (11) -sticks, a wooden frame upon
which to dry bread-cakes before the fire; (i2( -trug, a
wooden basket for holding bread ; (13) -winner, a means of
livelihood.
(O Sc. (Jam.) (2) e.Yks.' (s') Hrt. The honey is apt to grow
candied, or what we call bread-combed, Ellis Mod. Hash. (1750)
V. i. (41 w.Yks. The bread-creel with its oaten cake laid on to
dry . . . had been disbanded, Binns From i'lll. to Town 1,1883) 10;
w.Yks.3 (5) Lin.' (6) n.Cy. Grose (1790-1 MS. add. (P.) n.Yks.'
Reach me here t'breead-leeaf, wilt 'ee. Ah dcean't want nobbut
a shahve. ne.Yks.' w.Yks.' Gee him a cut off o't brcad-loaf, an'
Ichr him be off! Lin. She will gladly cut j'ou a slice of the bread-
loaf she makes herself, Streatfeild Lin. and Danes (1884) 264.
sw.Lin.' Tak' us a bread-loaf when the baker comes. i'J.a n.Yks.',
ne.Yks.', w.Yks.5, n.Lin.' (A) Rxb. (Jam.) v8) Rxb. iJam.) (9)
w.Yks.3 (101 Abd. (jAM.-l (ni Cum.' (12) Ken. 1 P.M.) (13)
A5r. An aged woman who has but the distaff for her bread-winner,
Galt Ann. Parish (1821) 174.
5. Phr. (i) Braid and dippy, barlej' bread and thin
cream ; (2) • — and milk, the cuckoo-llower, Caidaniine
pratcnsis; (3) — and pii/i i/, dry bread ; (4) — and scrape,
bread with very little butter on it; (51 — o' //le pie, pie-
crust ; (6) in bad — , out of favour ; (7) no — in nine loaves,
see below; (8) out of — , out of work ; {9) to bake one's — ,
to kill, to 'do for'; (10) to make — , of a cat : to claw or
tear at the ground, considered a sign of rain.
(1) Cor. Thomas Randigal Rhymes ^1895) Gl. (a) Gmg. (B. & H.)
3 D 2
BREAD
[388]
BREAK
(3) Stf.=, Wor. (J.W.P.) (4) Cor. Half starving Jacob with
bread and scrape, that she might have the more butter to sell,
BoTTERELL Trad. (1873-) 3rd S. 162. (5) w.Cor. (M.A.C.) (6)
Sc. (Jam.) e.Lth. I saw fine I was gaun to be in bad breid wi'
baith sides, Hunter J.Inwick (18951 223. Cum. That's hoo he
gat inteh sec bad bread will t'maister, Sargisson Joe Scoap (1881)
139 ; Cum.2 (7) Nhp.^ ' If I don't speak to such an one when I
meet her, there will be no bread in nine loaves,' i.e. she will fancy
I am proud or offended. (81 Ayr. It's my notion they were play-
actors out o' bread, Galt Sir A. IVylie 1,1822) xiii. N.Cy.' He's
out o' brede, poor man. Wm.^, w.Yks,^ (9) Ir. One inch of it
would have baked your bread for life, Carleton Fardorongha
(1836) 72. w.Ir. Now, says he, your bread's baked, my buck.
Lover Leg. (1848) I. 232. (10) Sus.' s.v. Quilt.
BREAD, sb?- Sc. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Not.
Lin. Shr. Pem. Also written breead Chs.' ; brede N.Cy.'
Dur.i n.Yks.' ne.Yks.i w.Yks.'= ne.Lan.i nw.Der.' Not.
sw.Lin.'; breed n.Yks.'^ e.Yks.' m.Yks.' w.Yks.^ n.Lin.
s.Pem. ; breede w.Yks.^ ; breid Sc; brade Shr.' [brid.]
1. Breadth ; a breadth of material ; a space in a field.
Cf. abrede.
Sc. Wi unchristened fingers maun plait down the breeds.
Remains Sng. in (Jam.). Abd. I winna flench a hair's breid,
Ai.zxAiiT>ZR Johiiity Gilfb (i87i)xliii. Per. A stockin' o' guineas, —
a gown breed o' silk, Nicoll Poems (1837) 128, ed. 1843. N.Cy.',
s.Dur. (J.E.D.), Dur.i n.Yks.' There was t'w'oU brede o' t'garth
betwixen him an' me. T'brede o' t'road. T brede o' mah hand.
'Wh3'ah, there's ten bredes iv her dress, if there's yan. ne.Yks.*
There was a greeat brede o' watther oot. e.Yks. ^ What was
size on't ? — Aboot breed o' my hand. m.Yks.^ w.Yks.i ; w.Yks.^
When sportsmen are shooting, the beaters form a line and beat or
drive the game before them. Each breadth or portion of ground
beaten is called a brede ; w.Yks.^ A rare breed, — yuh could swim
a faevv cockle-shells on't [alluding to the Humber]. ne.Lan.'
Chs.' 2; Chs.^ There is a good bread of corn sown this year.
nw.Der.l s. Not. Ah mean to sow a good brede of onions (J.P.K.).
Lin. Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863). n.Lin. Sutton ll'ds. (i88ii ;
n.Lin.' He's two breads o' land e' Ep'uth field. sw.Lin.' The
mester left several bredes without management, and there's
nothing on them. Shr.' 'Ow many brades han 'ee got'n in yore
gownd? it looks mighty skimity. s. Pern. The width carried by
the harvesters or reapers when cutting corn (W.M.M.).
Hence (i) Breaden, v. to grow or make broad; to
spread out ; (2) Breader, sh. a slab-stone, the full breadth
of the pavement ; (3) Breadness. s6. breadth.
(I I n.Yks.2 He breeadens on't. w.Yks.^ (2, 3) n.Yks.'
2. Phr. (i) III breed, of ha}^ : spread out on the ground,
not made into cocks ; (2) on the broad of one's back, lying
on one's back.
(i) n.Yks.2 T'hay had better be i' breed. (2) Rnf. 'Mang th'
ferns on the braid o' his back, BARRPoo»s(i86r) 120. Ayr. Hoo do
you think I'm to lie here on the braid o' my back, for sax owks or
mair? Service A'oto;r/»;»s (1890) i. Cum. Sprawlin on the brade
o's back, Stagg Misc. Poems (1807) 145.
[Throuch all cuntreyes in lenth and breid, Dalrymple
Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1596) I. 157 ; Al pcynted was the wal,
in lengthe and brede, Chaucer C. 7. a. 1970. OE. brccdii,
breadtii.]
BREAD, V. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Also written
breade N.Cy.'^ Nhb.; bryed Lan.; braid Cum.' n.Yks.'*;
brade ne.Yks.' e.Yks. ; brede, breed Nhb.' e.Dur.' n.Yks.^;
breid w.Yks.; breeod w.Yks.; breead n.Yks.^ e.Lan.';
brad e.Yks. Lan.' e.Lan.' [brId, bred, brad.] To
broaden ; to spread out, extend ; also Jig. to publish
abroad. Sometimes with prep. out.
N.Cy.2 Nhb. Grose (1790) ; Nhb.' Here, lads ! let's breed a
slidey. e.Dur.', Cum.' n.Yks.' He brades it out everywhere,
and the family don't like it ; n.Yks.^ Braded abroad. ne.Yks.'
Sha brades it aboot. e.Yks.' 71/5. add. (T.H.) w.Yks. It's soa
thin it breeods eawt a greyt way (D.L.) ; Breiding, woollen trade
term : stretching and fixing at its proper breadth while wet from
the fulling stocks, on the tenders ; effected by an iron lever with
an attached fulcrum, called a ' gavlok ' (W.T.). Lan. 1 munt
oather bryed mowdywarp-holes or gut' Rachdaw, Tim Bobbin
View Dial. (1746) 16, ed. 1806; Th' felle conno o' towd o' i' th'
tene by nah, if he'd done nawt else sin I brad meh een on him
yusternect. Paul Bobbin SfyHf/(i8i9) 24; A noiceclen cloth vvur
brad uppotli table, Scholes Tim Camwattle (18571 21 ; Lan.',
e.Lan.'
[He . . . arais all Jie cite, Braidis ouire with bawdkyns,
IVars Ale.x. (c. 1450I 1514; Be fian (by that time) burdes
were bred in tlie brade halle, Dest. Troy (c. 1400J 383.
OE. bradnn, to make broad ; cp. G. breiten.]
BREAD, see Braid, Broad.
BREAD-AND-BUTTER, sb. Lin. Ken. Sus. Guern.
[bre'n-bEt3(r).]
1. A slice of bread and butter.
Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.' I've only had two small brenbutters for my
dinner. Sus.'^ Guern. She had a bread and butter to her tea
(G.H.G.).
2. Comb. Bread-and-butter dog, a dog kept for amuse-
ment, not for use.
n.Lin.' Whose dog's that. Dick ?— It's th' parson's new un. — Oh,
it'll be nobbut a bread-an'-butter dog, I reckon then.
BREAD-AND-CHEESE, sb. Var. dial, uses m Irel.
and Eng. Also written breed- Nhb.'; bren-chaze Brks.';
bre'n' cheise s.Chs.'
1. The mid-day meal. Brks. (M.E.B.) ; Brks.'
2. Comb. Bread-and-cheese friend, a true friend as
distinguished from a cupboard lover. Sus.'
3. In plant-names: (i) the opening leaf budsof hawthorn,
Crataegus oxyacanlha ; often eaten by children in spring ;
(2) the seed of mallow, Malva sylveslris ; so called from
its supposed taste ; (3) Oxalis acetosella, wood sorrel ;
(4) Linaria vulgaris, yellow toad-flax ; (5) Agroslis vulgaris,
fine bent-grass ; (6) Rume.x acctosa.
(i) N.I.', Nlib.', w.Yks. (J.T.), w.Yks.=, Lan.', Chs.', s.Chs.',
Stf.=. s.Not. (J.P.K.\ Not.', li.Lin.', War. (J. R.W.I, War.2^ ■Wor.
(J.W.P.), Shr.', Bck., Mid., Cmb.', e.An., Ken.. Sus., Hmp.', Wil.»
Dev. Wills et'. r/;nfs- iMar. 12, 1886,6. Cor.' (,2, Yks. n.Lin.',
Shr.i, Cxf., Hmp. (W.M.E.F.), s.^Wil. (E.H.G.) 'Wil. Slow Gl.
(18921; Wil.' Dor. I^G.E.D.) Som. Sweetman H'iiicantoit Gl.
(1885). Dev. Wills tf. /"ndM i,Mar. 12, 1886) 6. ( 3) La.n. Science
Gossip (1882) 164 ; Lan.' Phr. used by children. Chs.', Dev. (4)
Wil.l (5) Sus. (6) Dev.
4. Tlie yellow ammer, Eniberisa citrinella, so called
from the peculiar intonation of its song.
Shr. SwAiNSON Birds (1885) 70; Shr.'
BREADBOARD, see Broad-board.
BREAD-CORN, sb. Lin. Dev. Corn to be g:round
into bread-meal ; formerly allowed to farm-bailiils and
labourers as part of their wages.
n.Lin.' It was, until the recent fall in the price of corn, a common
custom with farmers, when they engaged a bailiff, to contract
to give him a certain sum of money per annum, and to allow
him his brcad-corii at the rate of forty shillings a quarter. Dev.
To these wages must be added the standing supply of bread corn,
Marshall Review (1817) V. 574.
[A busschel of bred-corn he bringef) )ier-inne, P. Plow-
man (A.) VII. 58.]
BREAD-FLAKE, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Also written
-fleyk m.Lan.'; breead-fleeak n.Yks."* ; breeod-flake Lan.;
brade-fleigh, -flake Lan." ; brade-fleygh e.Lan.' ; see
below, [briad-, bre'd-fle'k.] A stringed frame suspended
from the ceiling upon which oatcake is placed to harden.
n.Yks.'* w.Yks. It's a queer kind iv a spot; ther's norther a
man ner a bread-fleak (F.P.T.) ; Th' cubbords empty an th' brecad-
flaiks bare. Hartley Clock Aim. (1894) 53- Lan. We never see'n
no boggarts neaw, nobbut when the brade fleigh's empty, Waugh
Birthpl. Tim Bobbin (1858) ii ; He kud reytch o kake awf brade-
fleyk wi his meawth, Sam Sondnokkur, pt. iii. 10; Lan.', e.Lan.',
m Lan.', Chs.'
BREADTH, sb. Sc. Yks.
1. Area or acreage of a farm ; a row of potatoes.
Sc. She could just as easily hoe a breadth of potatoes, ... as she
could sit by the fireside. Swan Gales of Eden 1 1895) i. w.Yks.^ A
man who was inquiring as to the quantity of some land said to me
' What breadth is there ? ' w.Yks. ^ What breadth o' land is there ?
2. In phr. to give one the breadth of his back, to knock
a person down on his back.
Dmb. Ye may shurely manage to gi'e ane o' them the breadth o'
his back, and I'll tak' care o' the ither, Cross Z'/i)7(/'//o)i(i844ixxviii.
BREAK, si.' Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Not. Nhp.
e.An. Also written brek Cum.'; breck Nhb.' w.Yks.
Not. e.An.' Nrf.' Suf ; brick Nhb.'; brake Nhp.= ; brak
S. & Ork.' ; breake w.Yks.=
BREAK
[389]
BREAK
1. A piece of ground broken up for cultivation or other
purposes; a piece of unenclosed arable land.
e.Lth After the harrowinp;, the outworkers should go over the
break Mucklebackit Rhymes ^1885, 178. Cum.i w.Yks. Land
which has been broken up to extract stone, Cudworth Mmnm,"-
ham (1896) 4 ; w.Yks.2, Not. .J.H.B.) e.An. Mokton Crfe
W^nf. (1863); The local word •bieck' is used to signify ground
which at any former period has been broken up but not enclosed
Murray e.CumiUts (1892) 25. Nrf. Ray (1691) ; (K.) ; These
coast insects have also occurred on the sandy ' brecks ' around
lirandon, Miller cSr Skertchly F.H/««rf 11878) xii. | Grose
(1790).] ^
2. A part of a field enclosed or divided off from the
other part; a large division of an open corn-field- a
division in a farm ; see below. '
So. Such farms are divided into three . . . breaks, Kihcimim,'
S/atist. Ace. xi. 152 (Jam.). Frf. A break of turnips is that part of
a held occupied by sheep, Stephens Farm Bk. (ed. 1849) I 21"
Ant. A square or plot in a garden (W.H.P.V Nhb.l A patch of
growing turnips surrounded by a net within which sheep are
placed to eat off the crop. Not. It has been an immemorial custom
lor the inhabitants of townships to take up breaks or temporary
inclosures, Marshall y?m-™ (18141 IV. 149. e.An.' Nrf Large
new made enclosures, Marshall R„r. Eloii. (1787) • N-f ' Su
Swainson Birds (1885 , 289. [Grose ^1790) ; Morton'Cv./o. Ai-ne
("863 .j -^ -^
3. A field after the corn has been reaped. Nhp.^
4. A furrow in ploughing. .Sc. (J.\m.)
5. The bursting of waves on the sea-shore.
S. & Ork.i e,Yks. I fetched it aw' oop fra' the breck of the say,
and the cobbles, Blackmore Mary Aiterlcy (1879; xvii.
6. A downfall, a heavy fall of snow.
Slk. Such a break of snaw as had scarcely ever been seen
Hogg Tales 11838 299, ed. i866.
7. Obs. A rout or defeat.
n ^V ^l^i^^'-^^^ "'^- ^"'^- The Break of Drummore. The
creak of Killeleigh.
hr^t^Nn'i r-° ^.xr''- ^""'- ^'"- ^'^"- Also written
breck Nhb.l Cum. Wm. ; brck Cum. Wm. n.Lan.; brik
Lum. [brek.J An amusing occurrence, a jest, a practical
„-'!i''r;,' 1^,' I ''°"'''/<=" y^ °^''^^ 3= monie o' Jamie's brecks as
wad nn a hale beuik, Armstrong Da„c/,e Dimnont. Ciun, Till efter
them Bill maade a brek, Anderson S«//«rf.-(i8o8) 172; Aiollvbrek
we 11 hev Richardson Talk (1871) 95, ed. 1876 ; Waent it be a
gay bnJ< to leaave Joe and let him woke yam, Kendal Merc. (Keb
10 ,888. 5; Cum.3 Wm. & Cum.i Heres Yorkshire impudence!
Advancm for a brek, 185. Wm. He wes a varra cunning taggett
an used ta hev terble brecks wi fokes. Spec. D.at , ,880 pt i i « ■
Let s put a breck o' mi faddur, fer his queerness. [The said • breck'
consisted of driving slates, stones, and pieces of iron into the
earth where faddur was mowing] (B K.). n.Lan. (W.S.)
[Prob. the same word as above.]
BREAK, t-. Var dial, uses in Sc. Irel. Eng. and Colon.
rF^;^''tJ"'"''"''''' (°""^ '" ^^'"- d'^'- and !''• meanings,
ll' or lurther examples, see II. below.J
(^^ KHV ^'^T'v^- -'5^ ^'"^^ '^' ^^^'^^ '3) Brake, (4) Breek,
■rI ^^' ^f'^^l'"^' "' ^'■^^' <8) Brack, (9) Breyk, (10
Breighk, (II) Braayke, (12) Breik, (13) Bryk. '
(1) Sc. (Jam. Suf.f^l.) Cum. The mistress's tongue was about to
'n' t's°i°addol"r ^"■"'* ^"^^ ' ■''^) 9. Wm. ^T'll T'day braks!
''%' ''!f,''<^° = fl'^e.s away, Richardson S„g. Sot. (i860) ii ,7
w.Yks.T coord ud happen brek, Preston Pocms{i86,) 7 ; Wrig„;
Gram m,dhll. (1892) 146; w.Yks.'s, n.Lan 1 Dor." 2I Sc^ ( Iam
S..ppl.) Cum 3 He teuk to brecka^ lumps'offwid' a queer lai
hammer, 2. Wm. Or o' mass that e'er was sed Could niver breck
the lease, -Whitehead Leg. ,1859, 36. w.Yks.' Klaid shoe sud
faw an breck her neck, ii. 287. (3, Sc. n.Yks.' -4)neYks'
\lt' s cL"' ; f r '^'=.^''--="' breek, HarlaNd Z.vn„ (1866I
185. S.CI1S.1 (5) Sc. Brik thair teeth, O God, in thair mcolli
Riddell Ps (1857) viii. 6. Nhb. Galloppin fit te brik the r neck '
Bewick ^«/« ('850) .0. Stf.^ ,6) Nhb.i Dur. Until fday
brick an t shadovvs flee away, Moore .Sng. Sol. ,1860) ii ,?
Lan..Slnng muno bin rotten to brick i> that way, • EAVESDR0PPE.;•
K,//. L,/. , ,869) 18. (7 , „.Sc. (Jam. ) Abd. A judgment for brakin'
the Sabbath, Alexander Johmtv G,M, (,871) xi (81 Sc ( i7m>
Bnff.l (9.e.Lan.i (to) Lan. (".i; Brks.' ' , 12) w.^^ks ( ^^ sV
Murray Z),<7/. (1873) 203. <,"-=; w. its. ^131 Sc.
2. Pret. : (i) Brack, (2) Brak, (3) Brok, (4) Broked fcl
^mDmf'A^^^'^ ''l^""^' (8»Brauk.',?, Brake!'' ^^^
l^ », s^ ^'^ \""''' '"' ''""■ '^^"•^"'' P-'ma„s J'av (.843) ii st
20 ; NUb ■, Dur.i Cum. The form it brack, and down they feM
Gilpin 5«^.. ,,866; 302. Wm.', n.Yks.' w.Yks ' It Skiu
<o smash, .1. 287. „.Li„.' He brack ih' seein glass ale' petes
an we ve not hed noa luck sin'. ( 2 Sc. As day brak butte"^ brak'
Ramsay Pro:. ( , 737) ; M urray Dial. ,,873 1 203. Abd. The strat;
o ane o my queet.kins brak, Alexander >/„,„; CAi ( 8,,t xl7
e.Uh. The sweat brak on me. Hunter J. /.,u,ick (,895 Ll ' Da" i
ed', 82, WM '"■''' 'T °,'" ''""' Wheeler Dial. (790^112;
ed. ,82, ; Wm.' 1 nivver brak breead e fhoose. n Yks.'^ I brak
itweea. e.Yks.' w.Yks. Wright G™m. /fW/,//. (1892^ i^a Lan'
fait'\o^-day "BEw';cK"'r 7*^^3)^03. Nhb. He hesint brokken his
last today, Bewick Talcs ^1850) ,0. Cum. Wm. An awful
i\ew Jlark (785, 1. 336. n.Yks. Shcea'd neea beeans brokken
Tweddell Clevel. Rhymes (,875) 36; n.Yks.=, e.Yks.' wYks'
They say he duzzent knaw yet at its brokken, Lucas 5W
U6 wYk'^.a"'"' "^'^ ?™'''J' W.'.cht G.am.n',^d,dl. iX'\
6, ^jYks^^ Lan. Brokken down, Brierley Layrock ,864
L rwT ' "I- ' ,"-^'"' (^) Nhb.', Dur.'. Cim., w.Ykt
bruc^kjie winder UJ.P.K.) (8; Sc.\jaI,.) (9/ w. Yks.a'"^;;;;
II. Dial, usages.
1. Of land: to prepare for cultivation by ploughine •
sometimes with preps, up and in P'ougmng ,
(W'ci "Bnff°°'"FrR''"{'"'-'"' S'"' ""^ P=" bere infill 't
\Z'u''' ",^-\. ^''^' ^"''^^ '"• '° SO twice over ground with
the harrow the first time that this instrument is applied JaT
^^Is lands' n '"""^'^^VP'^'"^ y"- "W.) Lin. Breaking up
grasslands, Marshall Revieic (iSii'i III c, Ovfi Mi: „j,
w.Som.. Thickthere field would stand wel' 'tl^ mu?dcr toltaki '
He vea-brokt the Little Ten Acres and a.put-n to wheat. nw!Dev"'
[Can. I hey . . have been ' breaking' since the frost allowed it
Roper Track and Trail (iSgi) yi.] anowea it,
2. To become bankrupt ; to fail ; also ficr
,n«'^'I'"'H' ^'''■™,'"'' ''"' '"■=''' '■'''^ ""^ IaVe.TrsTER/'«.,„5 (,865^
^\i ^7^; I ^'"^™^" brak and die't o' a broken heart. Galt
bERVicE £>/.Z)»^„,rf(,887, ,43. Lth.Thewabstersare breaking
Xe rwV'^.'''"^ still, Macneill Poc, ll'ks. (,80,) 220 ed.'
vv' V^ ,° ^^T '"^y ' ''"'' ' b'°"'e,' Lever W«,/„,5 (1856)
. .XV. e.Yks. w.Yks. If ide a brocken an let foaks in, ad a goai^
35 , w.Yks.2 Lan. K-n shillin' wain't breighk him, Clegg ZJ^^.u/'i-
rKe'i; '.'?;1"'3 .T'^-'k ?■•".' Booths has broke! an' cheppest farm
hl^l, , ' M I'" ,'"'°''^ ' " '"'' ^ exclamation when he has lost
h.s las marble Stf.» sXin. (T. H.R.) War.3 He is welly broke.
^'^gI :J'863r'^"' '''■ "'"'■ "°^- "^- ^''^"-"•^ -'>™''^.
baSipl^'^ ^'■'^''' '*• '''""'"^' <^' ^•■°''^"' fP^- "*
i-olr '^'"•J''^ A^f f. " ''^"'' ^"'^'^^ ^"-''^ and Leg. (,884) 199.
(2) Cum., Wm. A brokken tradesman i,M.P) *' '^■
3. In phr. (i) to break with the full hand, to make a
fraudulent bankruptcy ; (2) to be broke for, to have
exhausted one's supply of ^
(I . Lnk Some . . . break wi' the fu' han', an' pay nocht ava'
Thomso.v ;i/„«„^5 (,88r, 22,. (2 n.Lin.' We're broa'k for kindlin'
we hev n t soa much as a stick aboot th' yard. Nhp.' We're quite
broke for water this dry weather.
4. To tear, to rend ; sometimes in phr. to break abroad ;
also with prep, up, to tear open (a letter)
kJ^'''' J,'"? 1,°'''" '^ ^''°''" °"' ' ■' '^ e°°d for nothing but to
break. GIo.' Please, governess, her's a-broke my jackut. Hmp. I
have a-torn my best decanter. I have a-broke my fine cambrick
I apron, Grose (1790); The girl's mistress had 'broken up' a
BREAK
[390]
BREAK
letter which arrived for the maid, Blackley IVord Gossifi (1869)
157 ; Hmp.' Wil.' She'll break her govvnd agen thuc tharn. Dor.
(A.C.); (W.C.I w.Som.' Dhus ez dree tuj"mz uur-v u-broa kt
ubroa-udur dhingz [this is three times she has torn up her clothes].
Dev. I've a brok'd my breeches, Davies Memoir Russell (1878)
293. nw.Dev.' You'll break yur clothes to pieces.
5. To carve, to cut up.
Sc. The king had been so busy . . . with the mystic operation
of breaking, in vulgar phrase, cutting up the deer, Scott Nigel
(1822) xxvii ; To brek a bouk or carcase, to brek a salmon (Jam.).
5. & Ork.' Breaking down a cow is taking down the carcase from
where it has been suspended, and cutting it up. Abd. Stand up
an' break the chuckie, Beatties Time Parings (1813! 9, ed. 1873.
Hence Brekar, sb. one who carves or divides a
carcass, Sec.
Sc. A bouk or carcase brekar (Jam.).
6. To rupture ; also in phr. lo break one's body.
Chs.' Lin. He broke his body with picking corn (R.E.C).
Hence (i) Break, sb., (3) Breaking-down, vbl. sb.
a rupture ; (3) Broken-bodied, ppl. adj. ruptured.
(I) [LovvsoN Mod. Farrier ,1844) 86.] (21 [It consists of
rupture, more or less, of the muscles as well as fibrous expansion
which form the wall of the abdomen, Armitage Sheep ;i882 164.]
(3) n.Yks.* He's broken-bodied i'baith sahds. n.Lin.', sw.Lin.'
7. To brealc tlie skin of.
s.Not. She fell down and broke her face (J.P.K.).
8. With prep, off: to discharge, vent wind from one's
stomach.
n.Yks.' It's sair plagued wi' wind, puir lahtle thing ! Caan'tyou
gi'e 't some-'at t'break't off!
9. Of sheep and cattle : to break fence, to stray ; also
with prep, out, and in phr. to break about, to be accustomed
to escape from enclosures, to stray habitually.
■w.Som.* Dhu kaew-z u-broakt aewt' ugee"un [the cow has
broken out again]. Dev. He do break about! can't keep'm no
place, Reporis Provinc. (1886)92; Farmer Burneby's sheep that
have broken, Baring-Gould Spicier (1887) vii.
Hence (1) Break-about, adj. wild, unmanageable, given
to breaking fence ; (2) -ditch, sb. a straying cow.
(i) w.Som.* Dhai bee dhu brai-k ubaewt's laut u sheep uvur
aay-d u-gaut [they are the break-aboutest lot of sheep (that) I
ever had], Dev. Her's a proper break-about old thing, her is,
Reports Provinc. ^1886) 92. (2) Cum. Linton Lake Cy. (1864) 298.
10. To change money ; to begin to use a store of food,
&c. ; freq. with prep, into or on.
Sc. To open a full bottle (Jam.). Bnff.* Fin ye bracko' yir
new anker o' fuskie. N.I.* Can you break that pound note for me?
w.Yks. Aw'd to braik into a soverin 'at aw'd put i' mi fob for
fear o' accident. Hartley Tales, and S. 65.
H. Of milk: to curdle. Of cheese: to reduce the lumpy
curd to an even mass ; gen. with prep, down,
w.Yks. (J.T.) Chs. To break the curd by repeatedly putting
the hands down into the curd (the cheese-maker with the skim-
ming dish in one hand) and breaking every part thereof as they
catch it, IMaushall Review (18181 II. 52; Chs.^ Breaking down
or dividing the curd of a cheese, when thick and solid, with the
'dairymaid.'
Hence Breaking-down, vbl. sb. the process of reducing
curd to an even mass for cheese.
Chs. Marshall Review tiHiB, II. 52.
12. Of the water of a mere: to present the appearance
of a broad surface-current running directly across it;
to become troubled during the month of August by
microscopic algae.
s.Chs.* Baa-r-mae-r)zbin bree'kin dhus aaf-turndo-n [Bar-mere's
bin breekin' this afternoon]. Slir.* The winter-spores are doubt-
less the central spherical cells which sink to the bottom of the
lake and remain there dormant until August, when they rise to
the surface, and germination takes place by throwing out the
radiating filaments, which eventually again produce the sporangia,
which sink as before, Repori Severn Vail. Natur. Field Club (Aug.
6, 1878). There are other meres and pools in Salop, besides
EUesmere Mere, that are known to ' break." White Mere, Crose-
mere, Hawkstone Mere, Marton Pool (near Cherbury), and Ber-
rington Pool, for instance.
13. Of a spring: to rise.
Wil.' When the springs doe breake in Morecombe-bottom, in
the parish of Broade Chalke, 'tis observed that it foretells a deer
yearc for come, Aubrey Nat. Hisl. Wills, 34, ed. Brit.
14. Of the hair or wool of animals : to fall off.
n Yks.' Esp. of the wool of a sheep in the spring. Yon sheep's
wool's breaking. w.Yks. That dog' hair's breaking (C.C.R.^.
Hence Broken, ppl. adj. Of a horse's coat: rough, in
process of changing. Chs.^
15. Of a trap : to spring.
Dev. A rat was caught in the store-room, and the butler ex-
claimed ' She's broke the gin,' Reports Provinc. (18951.
16. To turn at a point, or make an angle sharply.
Yks. It's yonder-anenst, where the hill breaks [begins to de-
cline] (C.C.R.).
Hence Break, sb. the turning-point of a road or hill ;
the discontinuance of a mineral vein ; also in comb.
Break-off.
Sc. 'Jam.), Nhb.i, Wm.i w.Yks. (J. P.) ; Yonder he is at the
break of the lane (C.C.R.).
17. With prep, up : to open an ecclesiastical convention
with a sermon.
Sc. [The] minister of the town did break up the assembly,
GuiHRY Mem. (1747) 47 (Jam.).
18. To disappoint ; also in phr. I'm like to brak, expressive
of great grief. n.Sc. (Jam.) ; (W.G.)
19. With prep, with : to be no longer on friendly terms
with a person.
Brks.i To braayke with a person.
20. To break out.
Chs.i The air [sky] broke red (s. v. Air).
21. With prep, out: to be afflicted with sores, boils, &c.
w.Yks. He can't hev bis likeness ta'en yet 'cos his face is all
brokken aht (S K.C.). Not. (L.C.M.)
Hence Break, sb. a breaking-out on the skin, gen.
used in phr. breaks and bvles. n.Yks.**
22. To sell by retail.
Sc, I darena sell the bouk, I man brek it to the neebours a'
roun (Jam. Suppl.).
Hence Brekar, sb. a retailer, one who sells his goods
in small portions (Jam. Suppl.).
23. With prep. up. Of weather : to change. Of frost,
clouds, (S;c.: to go away, disappear, disperse.
Ant. Tliis d.-iy's finely broken up [the rain has ceased], Bally-
meiia Obs. (1892). Stf.^ S weSarz 6 brikin up, wei San av it foin
jet far &i. n.Lin.' Nhp.' The weather's broke up ; we shan't
have it fine again at present. War.* Shr.* 'The weather's caselty ;
but be-appen it'll break-up.' They say, too, the clouds will
' break-up.'
Hence Broken, ppl. adj. changeable, uncertain.
w.Yks.* It's brocken weather.
24. In phr. (i) to break out Jiite, to become fine; (2) to
break the weather, to bring about a change in the weather.
(i) Suf. I think it will break out fine in an hour or two(M.E. R.).
(2) Ayr. When he was sayin' the grace, and saw the cat through
his fingers washin' her face wi' her paw, he stopped immediately,
and flung his Slcwarton bonnet at bawdrons wi' the indignant
question, ' Damn ye, would ye break the weather in my vera
face ? ' Service Dr. Dugiiid (1887) 283.
25. To beat, thrash.
Cum. Aal breeak thy back for the (E.W.P.) ; Cum.l
Hence Brakin', vbl. sb. a beating, thrashing.
Cum. He . . . gev them pooar lads sec a breakin, Farrall Betty
Wilson (1886) 63.
26. Comb, (i) Break-back, name given by reapers to
the harvest-moon, on account of the additional labour
it occasions them ; (2) -faith, perfidious, treacherous ;
(3) -neck, a great discomfiture ; (4) -stalk blight, see
below.
(I) Abd. (Jam.) (2) Fif. Attack . . . That break-faith Popish
gang, 'izriKf^KT Papistry (1827^ 152. (3) n.Lin.* Sedan is as gret
a braake-neck for this Emp'ror as Wattcrloo was for th' ohd un.
War.^ (4) Sus. They was only fit for pigs as soon as the break-
stalk blight come on 'em, Blackmore Spriiigliaven (1887) xxxiv ;
Canker below the globe of the cabbage, which intercepts all sap,
and leaves the top like a shrivelled apple (R.D.B.).
27. In phr. (i) To break a bit, to become convalescent
after a cold ; (2) to — a day, to have a day's holiday ; (3)
to — a dream, to recall a dream; (4) to — an egg, in the
game of curling : to strike a stone with force just sufficient
to crack an egg at the point of contact ; (5) to — a rib,
of a man : to have his banns of marriage published ;
BREAK
[391]
BREAST
(6) to — by kind, to differ in habits and disposition from
one's parents ; (7) to — deal, to misdeal at cards ; to lose
the deal ; (8) lo — ground, to turn cattle out to grass to
begin the fresh eatage ; (9) /o — in, of animals : to tame,
to subdue; (10) to — one's day, (a) to fail to keep an
appointment, (A) to be continually interrupted ; (n) /o —
one's horn-book, to incur displeasure; (12) lo — out, to
become intoxicated ; (13) to — squares, to upset a scheme,
disturb an arrangement; (14) lo — the cup 0/ sorrow, to
rejoice (?) ; (15) to — the ground, to dig a grave ; (16) to —
one's heart, used ironically to express meanness and illiber-
ality in giving; (17) to — the heart, (18) to — the neck, to
overcome the first difficulties ; (19) to — the year, to leave
a situation before the end of the year for which servants
are usually hired ; (20) — your mother' s heart, the hemlock,
Conium niacidaium.
(i) Nrf. Cozens-Hardy Broad Nrf. (1893) 63. (2) w.Yks. If ta
sets off a drinking it mornin' an keepsat it till dark, that's breikiii'
a day, Tom Treddlehoyle Bahnsla Ann. (1856') 32. (3) w.Yks. ^
(4) At the close of a round, when the stones are well gathered
near the cock, and it is difficult to run in another without doing
damage, a friend of the player about to throw will lay his brush
on a certain stone and cry, ' Jist breck an eggon't, man, and we'll
win ' (Jam. SuppW). (5) sw.Lin.* ' He's gotten one rib broke,' or
' Hebrokeone rib of Sunday ,' when [the banns] are published for the
first time. (^6) N.I.^ The son of a dhrunk man 'ill be inclined to be
dhrunk hisself, if he dizint break by kind. (7; w.Som.'- Dev.
Monthly Mag. [\^o'&)\\. ^■i'i. (8) n.Yks.^ (9) w.Som.i He's gwain
to make so good a pointer's ever I brokt in in my live. (10, a)
n.Yks.' n.Lin.i He said he'd cum to sattle on Monda', bud he brok
his daay, an' hesn't been near hand yit. (6^ n.Lin.* I hevmy daays
brokken reg'lar by different foaks cumin' botherin*. (ii^s.Cy.
Grose 117901 MS. add. (^P.) 1,12) Stf.^ w.Som.i Of one who has
signed the pledge it is common to hear, ' He've a-brokt out again,
worse than ever.* (13' Wxf. If I show myself eager to bring this
match about and to break squares between Miss Therese and young
Roche, I'll fetch down the wrath of every one of the two families
upon myself, Kennedy Banks Boro (,1867) 127. (14) w.Yks.
Shood just been breikin t'cup a sorra, i' honour ov hur huzband
cumin hoame sober, and all hiz week's waige in hiz pocket, Tom
Treddlehoyle Baintsla Ann. (1859) 35. (15) Nhb.' Ess. Paid
forbreakeinge the ground in the churchyard for his burial! — o. i. o,
IVakes Collie Overseers' Acts. (.1696) ( CD.). (16) Ir. Said of a rich
person who subscribes an insignificant sum to a charity, &c.
(AS. P.) (17) w.Som.i When any piece of work is well in hand,
it is very common to say, ' Ee ul zeon braik dhu aa-rt oa ut,' ' Dhu
aa'rt oa ut-s u-broakt.' ( 18) n.Lin., sw.Lin.^ Nhp.' 1 have broken
the neck of my job. I have broken the neck of her gossiping
habits. (19^ s.Ctis.' Shr.' Bessy mak's a many Mays i' the 'ear,
an' 'er's send 'er yarnest back twize this 'irin' ; 'er tjroke 'er 'ear
from Longden, an' agen from the Moat. (20) Dor. (G.E.D.)
[2. Before I brake, as also after I became bankrout,
Bernard Terence (1629) 113. 4. I brak your letter,
Paston Letters (1461) I. 540. 5. Breake up this capon,
Palsgr. (1530) ; Breke that egryt (white heron), Kcriiyng
(1513) in Meats &" Manners, ed. Furnivall (1868) 162. 7. lie
brake alle his browes, Sonnes of Aymon (c. 1489) 256. 21.
To break out (as the face), Pustutas emittere, Coles (1679).]
BREAK, see Brack, Brake.
BREAKBONES, sA. Chs.' 1. A term of contempt for
a master who overworks his servants. 2. The plant
stitchwort, Stellaria holostea.
BREAK BREAD, phr. Sc. Yks. Dev. To taste food ;
to breakfast.
n.Sc. (Jam.) Abd. We never bniik breid wi' them, Alexander
Johnny Gibb{\i-]i) xii. e.Lth. I haena brakbreid sin' denner-time.
Hunter J. Inwkk (1895) 144. w.Yks.' I never brack breeod.
nw.Dev.l Her's zo good a humman's ivver brauk braid.
Hence Breaking of bread, phr. (i) breakfast, (2) spoiling
of prospects.
(1) So. A farmer son that comes down to his breaking o' bread
when the beasts have begun to chew the cud. Steel Rowans
(1895) 391. (2) Ayr. My first sermon — Oh ! I was terribly
frightened that day! It was the breaking o' my bread, and made
me fain seek the lowly bield of a parish school, Galt Sir A. IVylie
(1822) xcvii.
[And he wente vp, and brak breed, Wvclif (1388) Acts
XX. II.]
BREAKER, sb. Sc. Nlib. Yks. Also written bricker
Nhb.'; brekker w.Yks. ; brikker N.Cy.'
1. A large crack formed in the roof of a pit next to the
' goaf; a crack caused by cleavage in stratification. N.Cy.',
Nhb.'
2. Woollen trade term : a shaft of wood whereby the
pressure of the treadle was distributed over the lower
shaft of the ' gears' or ' healds,' which opened the warp
threads for the passage of the shuttle. w.Yks. (W.T.)
3. A machine for breaking stone. n.Yks. (C.V.C.)
4. A large hard marble used in the game of 'stappie.'
Lth. Marbles, stanies, frenchics. moral-leggers, doggies, breakers,
Strathesk More Bits (ed. 1885) 33.
5. An adept, esp. at marbles.
Abd. Some o' the breakers wad boastingly sing. ' Hie, first wi'
ye, you, at the " bools "or the " ring," ' Ogg IVillic JValy ^1873 76.
BREAK-FUR, v. and sb. Bnff. Abd. Also written
brack-fur Bnff.'
1. V. To plough roughly in such a way as to lay the
upturned furrow over the uncut furrow. Sometimes in
form break -furrow.
n.Sc. He brack-furt's ley. That's a bit stibble laan brack-furt
(W.G.). Bnff.i
2. sb. The condition of being ploughed in the above
way.
n.Sc. The feedle [field] is lyin in brack-fur (W.G.). Bnff.' Abd.
Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
BREAKINGS, sb. pi. Sc. Lin. Written brakkins.
[bra kinz.]
1. The remains of a feast.
n.Sc. Brakkins o' the brackfist (W.G.). Abd. Will ye cum and
eat brakkins? (Jam.) Per. There'll be some brakkins owre, and
we're asked to tak' aboot them (,G. W. .
2. The division of a tree-trunk into branches ; hence
the marks in polished wood caused thereby.
n.Lin.' Fa.nther's wem'led th' inkstand oher up o' th' best room
taable . . . just agean th' braakin' i" th' taable top.
BREAKSHA. BREAKSHUGH, see Braxy.
BREAKSTONE-PARSLEY, sA. Stf. The plant Parsley
Pert, Alcheniilla arvcnsis.
Stf.2 Growing on waste ground ; greatly used in kidney com-
plaints.
BREAKSTUFF, sb. Shr.' Brks. (M.J.B.) [brikstaf.]
Breakfast.
BREAL, 5i.' Cor.'2 Also written breel Cor.'* [bril.]
A mackerel.
[Cp. W. brithyll, a trout ; cogn. w. Gael, brcac, trout, also
speckled (Macbain).]
BREAL, sb.^ Wxf. A large fire. Cf breling, adj.
Wxf.i Trippeathes an brand-eyrons war ee brougkt to a big
breal, 98.
Hence Brealoch, sb. a pile of brushwood for firing ;
burning brushwood. Wxf. (P.J.M.)
[Cp. M.F.. brule (mod. broil), to burn. He gert brandis
of fyre bynde, To brule it wes lewit be-hynde, George
(c. 1415) 456, in Leg. Saints, ed. Metcalfe, H. 189.]
BREAN, V. Obs. n.Cy. Yks. To perspire, to sweat.
n.Cy. Grose (1790). w.Yks. Hutton Tour to Caves (1781) ;
w.Yks.'
[Cp. Norw. dial, braana, braadna, to melt (Aasen) ; ON.
bradna.^
BREAR, see Briar.
BREARD, see Braird.
BREAST, sb. Var. dial, usages in Sc. Eng. and Colon.
1. The front or fore-part.
Per. Any one in the first pew might be said to sit in the 'briest
o' the laft,' Ian Maclaren Brier Bush ^1895) 103. Cum.^As we
were climmin t'fell breist, 2.
2. That part of a peat-moss assigned to a farmer, from
which his peats must be cut.
Gall. The ' breast ' is cut into gen. to a depth of from 3 to 5 feet.
The wet peats are put to dry on the uncut part of the ' breast,'
or on that part of it from which peats have formerly been taken
(A.W.).
Hence Breast-peat, sb. a peat formed by the spade's
being pushed into the earth horizontally.
Peb. A perpendicular face of the moss is laid bare, from which
BREAST
[392]
BREATH
the digger standing on the level of the bottom digs the . . . breast
peat, Agr. Stiiv. 208 (Jam.).
3. A Step or layer in a manure-heap.
Frf. The breast of the turned dung, Stephens f (rem 5;f.(ed. 1849)
I. 626. Chs, The compost should either be turned and mixt "well,
where it lies, or cut down in breasts, Marshall Review (1818) II.
142.
4. That part of a plough which turns the furrow back
after the soil has been cut through by the share.
n.Lin.i w.Som.^ Briis', braes-.
5. That part of the circumference of a water-wheel
which is near the level of its axis.
w.Som.i When the water is conveyed to the side of the wheel,
and not over the top, it is said to be carried in upon the breast.
Hence a breast-wheel in distinction from an overshot or undershot.
Hence (i) Breast-mill, sb. a water-mill of which the
water goes in at the side or breast to turn the wheel ; (2)
•work, sb. masonry built in a curve to suit the shape of a
water-wheel ; the sloping masonry of a weir, down which
the surplus water rushes from the weir-head.
(i) n.Yks. (I.W.) (2) w.Som.i
6. The upright or horizontal part of a kiln, quarry,
stack, &c.
Cum. Bits o' steaans at t'oald man brak off t'crags an ugly spots
eh t'fell breest, Sargisson yo« Swap (1881) 8 ; (E.W.P.)
7. The broad, flat stone which supports the shelf over
a fireplace.
Nhb.' w.Yks. A chimley brest iz like a good menny other brests,
— dark within, Tom Tkeddlehoyle Bairnsla Aim. (1866) 49.
Hence Breast-summer, sb. the mantelpiece or beam
thrown across the projectinsr mantel of a chimney. Nhb.',
I.W.IC.J.V.)
8. Term used in woollen manufacture: a cylinder covered
with cards at the fore-part of a scribbling machine.
w.Yks. (J.M.)
9. In phr. (i) In a breasf,shTeas,i; (2) Breast and hand,
a fore-quarter of pork.
(I) Abd. The gentles came in view A' in a breast upon a bonny
brow, Ross Heleiiore (1768) 105, ed. 1812. (2) Nhp.'
10. CotJtp. (i) Breast-beam, a beam in a loom which
reaches to the weaver's breast ; (2) -bone, the breast-bone
of a goose, used as a medium of prognostication for the
coming winter ; (3) -bore, an instrument used for boring;
(4) -doffer, woollen trade terir- the first cylinder on
a card ; (5) -gripping-spade, a opade wliich cuts a grip
about three inches wide ; (6) -head, the nipple of the
breast ; (7) -ill, a gathering of the breast ; (8) -knot,
knotted ribbons on the breast ; (9) -plate, a strap of
Icatlier over a horse's breast, to keep the saddle from
slipping backwards; (10) -roll, that part of the cloth
newly woven on a loom; (11) -spade, a spade driven
forward by pressing it with the breast ; see -plough ; (12)
•woodie, the harness round the breast of a horse.
(i) Lnk. Milton an' Ramsay lay on the breast-beam, Hamilton
Poems (lees') 146. Uls. Uls. Jin. Arch. (1857) V. 109. w.Yks.
(J.M.") ; w.Yks.3, Chs.i (2) n.Yks.' A mottled appearance of the
bone is held to prognosticate changeable winter-weather, alternat-
ing sno'w and thaw; a prevailing whitish-opaque cast much snow;
a dark colour severe frost ; and comparative transparency, open
weather. The goose also must be eaten before Martinmas (New
^tyle). (3) Cld. (Jam.) (4) w.Yks. (S. P. U.) (5) n.Yks. Tuke
^^j re (1800) 84. (6) w.Yks.2 {7) w.Som.' Dev. An inhabitant
told me that his father went into Lydford Church and cut off some
lead from every diamond pane in the windows ; with wiiich he
made a heart to be worn by his wife afflicted with breast ills,
N. & Q. (1851) ist S. iii. 259. nw.Dev.i (8' Lth. Ribbans, and
perlins and breast-knots enew. Macneill PocI. U'ks. (^1801) 196,
ed. 1856. (9) n.Lin.i [U.S.A. Dial. Notes 1 1895^ 378.] (10) Lan.
I laid my head down upon the breast-roll and gave way to a
paroxysm of gncf, Brierley Cast upon IVoild (1886 1 go. (11) Frf.
Stephens Parm Bk. (ed. 1849) I. 647. e.Yks. The breast-spade
used in draining is driven forward by a man in the same manner
as the paring spade, Marshall Review (1808) I. 513. (la) Abd.
Sometimes the breast-woodies an' sometimes the theets brak,
FoRBEsJin. (1742) 15.
BREAST, V. Var. dial, usages in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
L To spring up and alight with the breast upon some
object ; to apply one's breast to the back of a horse in
order to mount.
Sc. (Jam.) N.I.i Cud ye breest that wall ?
2. To spring up or forward.
Sc. And saw come breasting o'er the brae . . . Full fifteen hundred
men and mae, Scott Af<Hs^re/s)'( 1802 1 11. 21, ed. 1848. Ayr. Thou
never lap, an' sten't an' breastet. Burns To his Auld Mare, st. 14.
e.Lth. Owre the lugs in love, and breestin' up like a halllin' to
Miss Jessie, Mucklebackit Rhymes (1885) 179.
3. To repair or strengthen a hedge ; see below.
Cum.* To face a hedge with stone, or sod and stone alternately.
s.Chs.' To 'breast a cop' is to renew a hedge-bank with fresh sods.
To ' breast a hedge ' is to trim it on one side only, or to ' kiit au-)dh
uwd stuwz of won saliyd' [cut aw th' owd stows off one side].
Shr.' To lay thorn-boughs on the top of the hedge-bank, to
prevent sheep or other animals browsing the hedge, or breaking
down the top of the bank.
4. To cut peats horizontally. Bnff.'
BREASTERS, sb. pi. Chs.\ Salt-making term :
lumps of salt placed between distinct lots to separate
them.
BREAST-HEE, sb. Yks. Lan. Also in forms brestye,
briestye w.Yks.^ [bre'st-i.] The mouth of a coal-pit ;
the mouth of a tunnel leading to a coal-pit in the side of
a hill.
w.Yks. Called also 'dayhole,' ' e'ehoil,' Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Dec.
ig, 1891) ; w.Yks.^ Lan. The collier brought his coal to daylight
at the breast-hee, generally opening out, not unlike a large black
sough, on some hill-side, Bamford Tim Bobbin (1850) Iiitiod. iii ;
Lan.' We coom to th' end of a ginnel 'at looked as dark as a breast-
hee col-pit, Waugh Chimn. Corner in Manch. Ci-ittc {Mar. 21, 1874).
e.Lan.'
[The same as lit. E. breast-high, the pass.ige being so
low that the miner has to stoop. The form briestye
(brestye) is due to the association of the latter element
with ' eye.']
BREAST-PLOUGH, s6. Lin. War. Won Glo. Oxf. Brks.
Dor. Also written bress-plough Brks.' An instrument
for paring the surface of land, shaped like a spade, and
having a flat piece of wood at the upper end against
which the plougher pushes with his breast.
n.Lin.> War.^'ln rare use. se.Wor.', Glo. (S S.B.), Oxf.' 71/5.
add. Dor. Bapkes G/. (1863V [Commonly used in paring the turf
in burn-beating, Woklidge Syst. Agric. (1681).]
Hence Breast-plough, v. to pare the surface of the
ground by means of a breast-plough.
Glo. After harvest the stubble is breast-ploughed, Marshall
Reiiietu (1818) II. 403. Brks.'
[Breast-plough, a kind of plough driven with one's
breast, and commonly us'd to part the turf in denshiring
or burn-beating of land, Phillips (17061.]
BREATH, sb. Sc. War. Shr. Brks. Som. Cor.
1. An odour, a smell, esp. when unpleasant.
War. (J.R.W.) Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; Her couldn't bear
the breath of the lamp (L.K.L). w.Som.' Neef ded-n mnk um u
leedl beet aa drdhu rae ut, dhur-d beejis brath- noa baudee keod-n
kaa-r um [if one did not make them 1 parish coffins") a little after
the rate, there would be such an odour, nobody could carry them].
2. An opinion.
Sc. I wad fain hear his breath about this business (Jam.). e.Fif.
The nuptial day sud'na be preccesely fixed till I had smelt my
faither's breath on the subjec', Latio Tani Bodkin (1894) xxii.
3. pi. Cattle.
Cor. Various tenants claim a right of putting what is called
' breaths ' to depasture on it, Bond flisl. Looe (1823) 72.
4. In phr. (i) In a breath, in a moment; (2) to fetch
breath, to pause, consider, deliberate ; (3) ivith the breath
ill one's hand, breathless.
(i) Sc. (Jam ) (2 1 Brks.' Let's vetch bre-ath a bit awver't. (3)
Shr. She heard the noise, and ran to the window with her breath
in her hand (J.W.P.).
[1. Filthe with stynkand brethe, Hampole Pr. Coiisc.
(c. 1340) 613. OE. brcej), ' odor,' Voc. MS. Colt. (c. 1080)
in Wright's Foe. (1884) 327.]
BREATH, ZK Dev. Also in form braythe nw.Dev.
[bref>, britS.] To bray, to neigh.
Dev. Wills ii;.rn;;fs (Mar. 12, 1886)6. nw.Dev. I yurd the 'oss
braythin as I com'd up-along (R.P.C). Dev.'
BREATHE
[3931
BREECH
BREATHE, v. Yks. Lin. [briatS.]
1. To give a horse time to take breath. n.Lin.'
2. To let blood from a vein. vv.Yks.^
3. reflex. To take breath after strong exereise.
n.Lin.' I'd been liuggin' corn into th' laatho, an' was brealhin'
my sen e' th' crew-yard.
BREATHE, adj. GIo. Soin. Dev. [bretS.] Of land :
open, thoroughly tilled and pulverized for a seed-bed.
Glo. Grose (i^go" jl/5. rtrfrf. (H.) w.Som. Dhiisli yuiir graewnz
brai-dhur-n dliaat dhac'ur [this soil is more tilled than that],
Elworthy Gyatti. (1877) 3' ! w.Som.' Kaapikul vceul u graewn
dhik dree aeukurz— yiie iiun-ee giit-u placvv nn drag-n vvauns-n
ez zu brai'dhz u aarsh eep [capital lield that three-acre — you
(havel only to plough and harrow it once and (it) is as breathe as
an ash-heap]. nw.Dev.'
BREAWIS, sec Brewis.
BREAWNS, int. Lan. An exclamation ot surprise.
Lan. Brcawns men, it's not a twelmunt sin he koom eawt o' pris'n
afore, 'Walker Plebeian Politics (1796) 67.
BREAY, sec Brae.
BREBIT, see Brevit.
BRECHAM, see Bargham.
BRECK, sb. Sc. Will. Yks. Lan Der. Cor. Also
written brek \Vm.' w.Yks.' Cor.*; brik Cor." ; brick Sc.
Cor.' ; breek Cor.' See Break, [brek, brik.] A rent,
fracture, gap, breach. Mao fig.
Rxb. An' whan they chance to mak a brick Loud sound their
hawing cheers, A. Scott Poetns (ed. 1808J 80. Wm.' Theear's
a girt brek e' t'wau. w.'Vfks.', ne.Lan.' Der. Breck, Buckler,
Bunnin, Furness Meiiiens (1836) 33. Cor. There's a brick in
your apron, Moitthly Mag. (1808) II. 423 ; Cor.'*
[Breck, breach. Coles (1677); Saint Mihel doth bid
thee amend . . . the brecke, Tusser Hiisb. (1580) 40 ;
Was funden f-an na breke in land, Cursor M. (c. 1300)
2048 ]
BRECKAM, see Bargham.
BRECKON, see Bracken.
BRECKSFUST, sb. Chs. Also written brexfust
Chs.' [breksfast.] Breakfast.
Chs. Billv had getten his brelibfust, Clough B. Bresskillle
(1879 4 ; Chs.'
BRECKSUF, sb. Wxf. (P.J.M.) Stf.* Also written
breksaf Ir. [breksaf.] Breakfast.
BRECKSUS, sec Bracksiis.
BRECK"WIST, .si!i. Irel. Nhb. Also written brequist
N.L' ; breakquest, brukwust Ir. ; and in form buckwhist
Ir. ; brickwast Nhb.' Breakfast.
Ir. His buckwhist will soon be ready, Carllton Traits Peas.
(1843) I. 410; One often hears, 'Well, I have the price av me
supper now, an' God is good for the brukwust.' Spectator (Nov. 30,
iSSgX w.Ir. He's i-eadv for his breakquest by this, Lover Leg.
(1848) I. 178. N.I.', Nhb.l
BRED, see Brod.
BREDE, see Bread.
BREDER, see Brether, Brither.
BREE, sb} and 71.' Sc. Yks. Lan. Also written brew,
brie Sc. (.jam.) [bri.]
1. sb. Liquor, juice in which anything has been steeped
or boiled ; broth, soup, gravy.
Abd. Her face was smeard wi' some dun-colour'd bree, Koss
Jhhiiorc (1768' 139, ed. 1812 ; A jilp o' treacle bree, Alexander
Jolinny Gibb (1871) xxx. Fif. I'd a plate-fu' o' the bree, Tennant
Pafiistry (1827) 15. Rnf. I tap the barrels and taste the bree,
Barr Poems (1861) 166. Ayr. And ay we'll taste the barley bree,
BuRiNs Happy Trio. Lth. Ilk cuttie soon Is plung'd amang the
reeking bree. Bruce Poems (18131 75. Kcb. To keep the kettle
boilin", lass, An' heads aboon the bree, Armstrong /^/.;^/c.->/V/f i i8go
42. n.Yks.2 Lan. Grose (1790)71/5. (!(/</. (P.) s.Lan. Ba.mford
Dial. (1854).
2. V. To pour water on vegetables, &lc., to be boiled ;
to drain any solids that have been boiled.
Sc. Bricd Irashtrie for a bairn, Lumsden Stuep Head, 144. n.Ec.
Lassie, gyang an bree the taties or they'll be a throuw the bree
(W.G.).
[In fat bre fresshe of befe . . . [lay schalle be sojiun.
Liber Cotontm (c. 1420) 49 (Matzner).]
VOL. I.
BREE, sA.2 Sc. Cum. Wm. [brl.]
1. A disturbance, fuss, strong agitation.
Abd. Yell in a hurry see It thro' the parish raise an unco
bree! Shirkefs Poems (1790 67. Cum. They're off wi seek a
bree, Stagg Misc. Poems (1807; 8; An' pot o' t'country in a bree,
Gilpin Pop. Poetry 1,1875: 128. Wm. The mind cannot continue
lang in a bree, HurroN Bran A'ew ll'ark (17851 1. 103 ; Wm.'
2. In phr. to get the bree of, to bear the brunt of. Bnff.'
BREE, 5^.3" Sc. n.Cy. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Also
written bre w.Yks.'^ Chs.'^; brea m.Yks.' n.Lan. ; brae
Chs.'s [brl.]
1. The eyebrow.
Sc. He ne'er came of an Englishman, Had sic an ce or bree,
Scott Minstrelsy (1802) I. 321, ed. 1848. Abd. And laystane still,
not moving ee nor bree, Koss Helenore 17681 80, ed. 1812. Bwk.
We'll dance till grey-eed morn Sliall lift her drowsy bree, Hen-
derson Pop. Rliymes (1856) 114. w.Yks.'*
2. The brow.
Sc. Silver nets to bind aboon her bree, Cunningham Sngs.
(1813') 66; ' I read it in j'our bree,' said she, Stevenson Catnoua
(1895) iii ; Thy brees are like til a piece o' pumgranate aneath thy
locks, RoBSON Siig. Sol. (i860) iv. 3. Frf. I met a lassie young
an' gay, Wi' rosy cheeks an' lily bree, Laing Wayside Firs.
(1846) 94. n.Cy. Iv I, m.Yks.' Lan. An' bote my lips, an' knit
my brees, Hauland Lyrics (1866'! 97. Chs.'^
Hence Breea-band, sb. a hat-band; a band of ribbon
or velvet for the hair used by young girls ; a leathern
strap on a horse's bridle which passes around its fore-
head. Wm. (B.K.)
[1. Lyk golden threeds Hir siluer shyning brees,
MoNTGOMERiE Poeitts (c. 1597), ed. Cranstoun, 183 ; Moving
na mair hir curage, face nor bre, Douglas Eiieados{i^i'^)^
ed. 1874, HI. 40. OE. brc?{rv, the eyelid; cp. MUG. brii
(mod. braue), the eyebrow (Lexer I.J
BREE, sb.* Obsol. n.Dev. [bri.] Short earth, op-
posed to stiff and clayey.
n.Dev. Grose (1790) MS. add. (M.~) ; (R.P.C.)
BREE, acij. w.Yks.'^ [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] Cold, sharp.
BREE, t'.* Obsol. Sc. n.Cy. Lan. Also written brey
(Jam.). To frighten, to terrify.
Sc. (Jam.) n.Cy. (K.) ; Grose i 1790) ; N.Cy.* Lan. I am e'e'n
bree'd out o my senses, Shadwell Lan. Witelies 11682) I. 31 ;
What arto breed wi neaw ! Tim Bobbin View Dial. (1740) 48;
Lan.'
[pare corns a bonde of a brenke & breed ))aim vnfaire,
Wars Ale.x: (c. 1450) 4741. OE. bregaii, to terrify.]
BREE, see Breeze, Briar.
BREEA, see Brae.
BREEAD-, see Broad-.
BREEAR, see Briar.
BREECH, sb. and v. Sc. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Chs. Not.
Lin. Glo. Suf Wil. Also written britch Nhb. Wm. Yks.
Wil. ; brich Glo.' Suf [britj, brit/.] See Britch.
1. sb. Trousers ; used as si)ig.
Nhb. We winna wark for him, nor mend hole in his britch,
' Crispin ' Advice 1,1803) "•
2. Coitip. (i) Breech-band (also called Arseband, q.v.),
the crupper ; also Jig. ; (2) Breeches-slop, the leg of
a pair of trousers.
(i) Chs.' He's alius backin i' th' breech-bant [of a tardy person].
s.Chs.', n.Lin.' (21 Wm. In ^c»/. use B.K.V w.Yks. One o" th'
chaps roU'd up his briches slop, Hartley Pnddm 1876) 100.
3. In phr. // is in his breeches, he is competent, fully
equipped for an undertaking.
Not. A'. & 0. (.1888. 7th S. vi. 365.
4. In //. The roe of a fish when unbroken or uncut.
Nhb.', n.Yks. (T.S.)
5. i>. To put into trousers.
Wm. We'll britch oor lad scun (B.K.V r.Wil. (E.H.G.)
6. Of female labourers : to tuck the skirts up above the
knee.
Sc. A lassie when employed on the hurst rigg, breeches her
' coats,' N. & Q. (1869' 4th S. iii. 22.
7. In phr. to be breeched, to have money in the pockets,
to be rich.
Glo. (H.S.IL); Glo.' They were all briched with the same
3E
BREECH
[394]
BREEK
amount of mone3'. We're not over briched. Suf. He is briched
enough to treat us :'F.H.) ; (C.G.B.)
[L A breech and eek a sherte, Chaucer C.T. b. 2049.
OE. brcc (pi. of broc), a garment covering the loins and
thighs.]
BREECH, see Britch.
BREECHING, vbl. sb. Sc. Nhb. Oxf. Som. Also
written britchin Nhb. Oxf.^; burchin w.Som.^ ; brechin
Sc.
1. That portion of harness passing round the hinder
parts of a shaft-horse, which enables him to push back-
wards.
Nhb.' Oxf.' MS. add. Som. Sundry breeching and string
harness, Aii€iio)ic€r's Advf. (Nov. 1895). w.Som.' Please to lend
maister 3'our burchin.
2. The harness worn by the horse in the shafts in
distinction to the crupping (q.v.) worn by a leader.
w.Som.' Sometimes confined to the part consisting of saddle,
crupper, and breech-piece.
3. Fig. in phr. to hang in the brcechin, to lag behind, to be
dilatory.
Sc. ' Fill up, gentlemen,' he said ; ' nae hingin i' the brechin,'
TwEEDDALE Moff \\?,c)6\ 34 ; I J.M.) ; (J.F.)
BREECHY, see Britchel.
BREED, V. and sb. Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. V. To occasion ; to develop a disease, &c.
w.Yks. An strive to bring me to my grave Wi breedin hurries
here, Preston Poems (1872] 9, ed. 1881 ; I shall breed you
nought but bother iC.C.R.). Suf. I hully thought he were breeding
the fever, e.An. Dy. Times 11892). Dev. When the teeth of it
[the baby] were breeding, O'Neill Idylls U892) 86.
2. To educate.
Frf. The lassie was bred in a braw borough-town, Laing Firs.
(1846) 114. Lnk. I at first design'd. To breed you to the kirk,
Black Falls of Clyde (1806) 141.
Hence Breeding, vbl. sb. education, good breeding.
Abd. Eliza's been taucht breedin' owre weel to cairry ciypes,
Alexa.n'DER Johnny Gibb (1871) xi.x. Lth. Tho' scant thy lair,
an' laigh thy breedin', Ballantine Poems (1856) 71.
3. Contp. (i) Bred-sore, (2) -venom, a whitlow; a sore,
lie, arising from disorders of the blood. See Breeder.
'i)e.An.', Nrf.' (2) Nhb.' It distinguishes from an income,
which is a gathering occasioned b3' an outside cause.
4. In phr. (i) breed and seed, birth and parentage; (2)
to breed for, used of the husband of a pregnant woman
who is ill whilst his wife is in good health; (3) to breed
in-and-in, to breed with parents of the same stock, or too
closely related hy blood.
1,1) War. B'liam IVkly. Post (June 10, 1893); War.' I know
the breed and seed of him ; War.^^ (2) e An.' (3) n.Lin.' Midi.
Marshall Rur. Econ. \ 1 796) I. 250. w.Som.'
5. sb. A brood, a litter of young ones.
n.Yks.' A gran' breed o' pa'tridges. T'aud sow's getten a gay
guid breed o' pigs.
6. Kind, sort, species.
Ir. Breeds of cabbages, potatoes, &c., Flk-Lore Rec. (1881) IV.
106. Wxf. A good breed of a knife (,P.J.M.).
7. Way, result.
Rnf. I rather think that's no the breed o't, Bahr Pocwis {^1861) 34.
BREED, see Braid, Bread.
BREEDER, i&.' Yks. Lin. e.An. A boil, a whitlow.
n.Yks. 2, e.Yks.', n.Lin.' sw.Lin.' She's got a breeder come
en her leg, — a gathering like. e.An.' Cmb.' I think this here's
a breeder a-coming on my finger. Nrf.' Suf. e.An. Dy. Times
C1892 .
BREEDER, sb.^ Yks. e.An. An unseasonably fine
day ; also used of a red morning sky. Sec Weather-
breeder.
e.Yk^. Leeds Merc. Sup/'l. 'Dec. 12, 1891). w.Yks.^, e.An.', Nrf.'
BREEDER, see Brither.
BREEDING, />/>/. adj. Hrt. Som. [brTdin.] Of
weather: unusually fine for the season, denoting bad
weather to follow. See Breeder, sb.^
Hrt. It's warm for the time of year. — Yes, I call it breeding-
weather G.HG.i. Som. ;W.F.R.')
• BREEDING-BAG, si. Wil.' The uterus of a sow.
BREEDING-STONES, sb. pi. Hrt. Plum-pudding
stones ; conglomerate .'
Hrt. (H.G.) ; N. &Q. (1881) 6th S. iv. 389.
BREEDIR, see Brether.
BREEDS, sb. fl. Wor. Glo. Also written breades
Glo. [bridz.] The brim of a hat. See Breward.
s.Wor.', se.Wor.' Glo. Grose (1790) ; The parishioners . . .
touched the ' breeds ' of their hats, Gissing Both of this Parish
Vi889J II. 70; Glo.'2
Hence Breedy, (7(;^'. Of a hat: broad-brimmed.
Glo. This hat baint breedy enough (S.S.B. \
[Repr. an OE. "bred, a form oi breord, brim, edge]
BREEF, see Brief.
BREEG, sA. s.Pem. One cradleful of corn. (W.M.M.)
BREEIRS, see Briers.
BREEK, sb. mostly in pi. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm.
Yks. Lan. Lin. Also written breik Sc. [brik, brik.]
1. Trousers, breeches ; also used rarely in sing., as in
phr. without a breek.
Sc. A wife is wise enough that kens her guidman's breeks frae
her ain kirtle, Ramsay Prov. (1737); Wanting the breeks. and
without hose and shoon, Scorr li'averley (1814) xxviii ; When
petticoats woo, breeks may come speed, Henderson Prov.
(1832 9. Elg. Wi' decent breeks, an' shiny hat, Tester Poems
(reds') 78. Bnfr. As Tom's trousers were pretty wide, he thought
he could get the kae in there. He got it safely into his breeks
before he entered the school. Smiles Natiir. (1879) II. 26.
Abd. Get on the breeks yersel' for a fyovv days, ALEXA>:i>ERjobnny
Gibb (1871) vi. Kcd. For threescore years, wi' sicker steeks He
made oor fathers' fathers' breeks. Grant Lays and Leg. (1884) 25.
Frf. I'll need breeks for the burial, Barrie Minister (1891) ii.
Per. His breeks they were torn, Nicole /'of;Hs( 1837) 95, cd. 18-13.
Fif. Younksters, by the sea-side streikin', Gaed paidlin' in without
a brcik on. Tennant Papistry (1827) 10 ; Peter's richt leg was in
a breik. The tither leg was bare and bleak, ib. 42. Rnf. There
he's comin' wi' his breeks Oot at ilka knee, Neilson Poems {iS-j-;)
93. Ayr. Wi' hale breeks, saxpence, an' a bannock. Burns -^«/(/
Comrade, 1. 48 ; Spoiling the cut o' Tammy Daidle's breeks. Galt
Sir A. IVylie (1822) xi, Lnk. Cast aff j'er duds tae breeks an'
sark, Thomson il/!(5!'»;^s (1881' 114. Lth. The auld man's roomy
waddin' coat, . . . Maks breeks to Tam, an' coat to Jack, An'
spats to tailor Davie, B.\llantine Poems ,1856) 137. Bwk.
O Wattie Ross, pu' up your breeks, Henderson Pop. Rliymcs
(1856) 99. Slk. As if they had gruppcd the plagiary wi' his
haun' in the man's breeks, Chr. North Nodes (ed. 1856) III. 329.
Gall. My legs were covered with breeks of strong hodden grey,
Crockett 7?a/(/i'r5 (1894) xviii. Kcb. Jock . . . Drew on his breeks
and seized his gun, Armstrong ./IfHiw^s 1 1890) 44. N.I.' s.Don.
Simmons G/. 1890). n.Cy. (K.); Grose (1790): N.Cy.' Nhb.'
Ma bran new coat an breeks wis g3'en, Sng. Cava. Owre went
his het keale on his blue breeks, Anderson Ballads (1808) 23.
Wm. Stop a lal bit while oor Joan slips on another par a breeks,
Lonsdale Mag. (1821) II. 412 ; Wm.', n.Yks.'^, m.Yks.', w.Yks.',
n.Lin.'
Hence (i) Breekens, sb. pi. breeches ; (2) Breekless,
adj. without breeches; (3) BreekumtruUie, si. one whose
breeches do not fit him ; a boy put too early into
trousers.
(i) Sc. How is the lads to climb the praes wi' thae breekens on
them? Scott Midlotltian ■ 181 8) li. (2) Sc. Heard ye ever a breek-
less loon from Lochaber ? ib. Pirate (1821, v. n.Yks.'; n.Yks.''
Sarkless and breekless. (3'! Ayr. (Jam.)
2. Comp.(i) Breek-maker, a tailor ; (2) -pouch, trousers'-
pocket.
(I Lan. A breek-maker, bi' th' look on him, Waugh Dead Man's
Dinner, 348. (2') Elg. Deep in my breek-pouch, Couper Toiiri-
fjcations 1 18031 II. 208. Abd. Keep yer ban's oot o' ycr breek
pouches, Alexander /o/j»Hv Gibb (1871) xxxi. Per. Pennies frae
your auld breek pouch, Nicoll Poems (1837') ed. 1843. Lnk.
Ye'll get my sermon oot o' my breek-pouch, Ramsay Remin. (ed.
1872) 24. Edb. With the key in his breek pouches, ^oik Mansie
U'aitcli 1,1828, 50.
3. In phr. (i) It's no in your breeks, expressing inability
to do anj'thing; (2) to pull up one's breeks, to prepare or
gird oneself for action ; (3) to wear the breeks, to have the
upper hand.
(I) Sc. (Jam.) {2) Ayr. A 'period when it was needful for me to
pull up my breeks. and when Ambition touched me on the arm.
Service Dr. Diiguid (1887) 43. (3) There's ae wee faut I've
BREEK
[395]
BREEZE
Ket ~^'" ''''"'' "'" '"■"''' ''"'"'■ '^"'^'" ^olanJums
//L^'^W l^^'l.^f^ vcric slichte, Dalrvmple Leslies
BREEK, V. Sc. Nhb.
\ {°.P"' i"'° breeclies. Cf. breech, 5.
Nhb Irac bcin- breek'd till fit to marry, Wilson Pil.uans Pay
(1843) 53; Nhb.
l^'S ■ '^"'J'''' 'a|?ourers: to tuck up the skirts to the
3. To flog, to 'breech.'
Bnffji The maister breekit Jock the day for faichtan wee Jamie
BREEKBAND, ^. S. & Ork.' To lay hold of byThe
waistband of the breeches; to wrestle.^ Hence Br^eek
Dandit, vb/. sb. a wrestling match.
r^^^f^h^:^ ^"«-' ^'^-^-^'^-^ ^-^ half-grown
1. The natural forked division of a tree; a portion of
a tree with diverging branches P"i'ion 01
2. The bifurcated part ol the human frame, th4 fork ■
also used of sheep. ^- 'uik.,
Cum.' w.Yks. (B.K.>
[Bree/i: (sb.), q.v. + -mo-.]
BREEKUMS.si. Sc. [brikamz.]
1. In pL Short ' breeks,' knee-breeches
<?//■"/■ ";\'j''«<^'^""'s "'e'e short by amaist a han'-breed. Watt
5W,«(i88o) 17. Lth. When I gat breekums and gaed to thi
school, BALLANTINEPo««i( 1856) 14.
2. In 5w^. A person of short stature. BnfT'
BREELER, see Brailer.
BREEMz,. Ofoo/ Suf. [brim.] Of a cat : to purr.
5>ur. Don t pussy say breem brew, brecm brew'' (F H 1
BREEM, see Brim. ^ '•'
BREER, i; and sb. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Also written
brere NX:y.' Nhb.' ; brear N.Cy.' [brir, briar.]
s/'a h. ^'''"">.-, f° ^P""""^' '° ^P'"'"g "P- See Braird.
Sc. A brawnight for the rye, your honour; the west park will be
Nhh .' tf . r"'^ l'"' " T' ^"°" OWA/a,/«/,/v (,8.6) vii. NCy '
o \ ^^'^ J"^' breered when the caad nipt it. Dur (K )
^. sb. The first sprouting of a crop
B^sTjsllu^r"'' °'""" '"™'P '"''"'' '^^ "-^■-— -»"•-
BREER, see Briar.
BREES(E, see Breeze.
BREESHA.iA. Irel. Broken remains, debris.
(iSeefa^if"" ""^ '"■^"'•^ °''^ turf rick, Yeats Ta/^
[In briseadh, a breaking (O'Reilly) 1
i^..The\Toflmr7,tg.^'- "'^'^- "^"'^^ ^--^""'
(g!w.")!^''^"''''" ^' ^^'' ^""^ "^'""' ^"""^eti^ like a steady ca' avva'
2. s6. A rapid descent.
rtnwn th 1, "^ -^'^^ ^'■^'"' '•■°'"'"='"<3 gaedscrievin' Wi'abreesi
BREEST. sb. Nhb.i brlst] The iron in a smith's
R^F.^^''^ '/"r' or nozzle of the bellows.
BREET, sb} e.Yks. [brit] A flood caused by
excessive rains. ""ov.u uy
wassail breet, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (,889) 89; e.Yks.i ;i/5. arfrf!
BREET, 5*.= Sc. [brlt.] A term applied to a person •
used somewhat contemptuously. person ,
Bnff.i She's nae an ill breet o' a dehm. The weel naiturt breet
o cheel jist geed an' did faht he wiz hidden. Abd. Man yeVe a
saft breet, Alexander Joimm Gibb ^1871) vi , ye re a
[The same as lit. E. brute.']
W^""™''*- ^^''- ^''"W Breadth; in phr.a/,„„'5
BREETHIR, see Brether.
^^BREETSOME,„rfy.and«rfz;. Lan. [brltsam.] Bright,
28."*i.ran?^^ ''"''" '"■''^'^°'"= »°-"«^'. Mather Idylls (1895)
[Drcel (pron. of bnt;ht) + -some.]
nTc^^»\'^\y^^'- ^^^- ^°»' Nhp.War.Wor. Shr.
Hrf. Glo Hrt. Also written breese n.Yks.' Shr' HrA
breesGlo.; brizz Chs.»" Glo.= ; briz s Chs ' Shr ' ri,l'".'
and in forms bree n.Yks.'- Nhp.' War^ w Wor ' s Wo^
Chs'^br^kf '■• "'■^- ■''■^^ H^*^^' bry-Glo.. ^rrt."[briz.
1. The gadfly, Oeslnis bonis. Also yfo-
.w°;iT''^' P*; '^eg^'f■<^,''y '^e breese, whcl, hatched, lead to the
swellings m beasts' backs known as wa.bles ; n.Yks.^ Chs '"
Ch3.3 A herd ofcows pursued by the brizz. s.Cljs.' Not(WHS^'
X War. Wise Sl,akcspcre (1861) 151. w Wor i s Wof '
seWor.l,Shr.. Hrt. N. & Q. (1856; and's. i. 166; Hrf i Glo'
My eye, he s got the bry today '-said of a man who is working
faster than usual (S.S.B.) ; GIo.»2 [(K )^ working
2. Comp. Bry -fly, a gadfly.
shapl'''^^^"""'^^' ^"^ '^""^^ '"^^''' resembling a bee in
Chs.', War.3, w.Wor.'
[1. (a} The herd hath more annoyance by the breese
Than by the tiger, Shaks. Tr. &^ Cr. i. iii.^48 Brese
as>lus, Prompt. OE. briosa ibreosa), a gadfly. (A/a bree'
asylus, Coles (1679) ; Certain brees and horse-flies'
come of It (timber), Holland Pl,„y (1601) l 329 Z.
as well as the other forms without the sibilant, is a s^ne
inferred fr. brees{e, taken as */ 1 ' *'
1. Fine cinders or coke ; small coal, coal-dust used in
bnckmaking and for blacksmith's fuel
u '^J-' The price of fine breeze has been reduced to « ner An
with coke or 'brays,' Cudworth Ihad/ord ^,6^6^ 59 stf To
borrow from some other nailer a handful or two of 'breezes ' for
h,s fire, Murray Ao/.-A*. (1887 , 36. n.Stf. , J.T. , Shr.' There are
two kinds, charcoal-brase and coal-brase, of which the former is
n,,l„ ^11 more e.xpensive ; but both alike consist of small
nuggets, quite free Irom dust, and producing a glowing heat. Erase
;s employed in making the best quality of ed|e-tooIs woodcutters^
implements, and the like. 'In got two or three brummocks ,0
mak , Sir, as well as yourn. but I conna mak' 'em wi'out brase an'
they hanna sen me none yit.' Hrt. Soil is the term used for the
hnc ashes screened out from the breeze, N. &' Q ,88^^ 6th S vii
179. Lon. Grose ( , 790 ; MS. add. C.) ; The fine portion of the
house-dust IS separated Irom the ' brieze,' or coarser portion, by
s.ftm^g, Mayhew Lo„d. Labour (1861; II. 170. Sus. (F.eIsO
2 The burnt iron ore at the pit-bank. n. Stf (IT)
[Breeze, in brick-making, are small ashes and'cinders
Chambers Cycl. , 1 788) Fr. braise, a burning coal (Cotgr.) '■
yjt . brese (HATLZTEi.rt).] "
.oH.^P^^' •'*;> ■ ^°'- ^j"- f''"^-^ The moisture which
collects on any hing m damp weather, &c. ; perspiration
Irom quick walking. ' 1 1
Not.3 The moisture or dew on the nose of an ok when in good
health. L n It comes out all of a breeze on my wall where the
p.g was salted ,M. P. „.Un.' He was all of a breeze. sw.Lin '
l\\ A°''lf " '""''"^ "■"'' ""= "^^'"P- Of egg-' about to be
^DE-i- ri"'"''!*' """"^ °"' °" '''"'• '■''« as if they sweat.
BREEZE, sb.* Sc. n.Lin. Also written breese Sc.
ine act of moving in a hurry.
Sc. (Jam. 1 n.Lin.' He did go by with a breeze
BREEZE, sb.^ and v.^ In ffe„. dial, or slang use.
1. 56. A quarrel, disturbance.
n.Yks.2 A bonny breeze. Lan. If t'mester comes ther'll be a
breeze (S.W.). Nhp.' He kicked up a pretty breeze! War 3 He
was not very angry, but made a bit of a breeze. Lon. A ci'rkim-
3 Ea
BREEZE
[396]
BRENT
stance As is like to make a breeze, Thackeray Balliuls 1855 147.
Cor.3 Slang. A curry was sure to elicit a breeze, Barham Ingoldsby
(1840"; Lord of Tlioul.
2. V. To scold, to make a disturbance.
e.Yks.' Maysther breezed up bonnily aboot them osses, MS. ada.
(T.H.l
BREEZE, v? Cum. Also Hmp. Dor. Som. Written
breese Cum. ; breaze Som. [briz.] To bruise, indent ;
to press, bear upon. Cf. brize, bruz(z.
Cum. When Deavie brees'd his shin, Anderson Ballads (1805) 2.
Hmp. Don't breeze, or you'll break the point, De Crespigny &
Hutchinson A'ezc Forest^iSgs) no. Dor. Barnes Gl. (1863). Som.
W. & J. Gl (1873).
BREEZE, see Brize.
BREEZED, ppl. adj. Wil. Dor. Som. In form brazed
Som. Shivering, cramped with cold.
s.Wil. (C.V.G.i Dor. (A.C); CW.C.I Som. W. & J. G/. (1873).
BREFFET, BREFFIT, see Brevit.
BREGGAN, sb. Obs.} Sc. An iron collar worn as
a punishment by offenders, and attached by a chain to
a wall. See Bargham.
Ayr. The breggan was used for numerous offences, but most
commonly against the sin of immorality, Johnston A'/Zwa/ZiV^iSgi)
I. 65.
BREGWORT, see Bragget.
BREIRD, see Braird.
•BKY.it, adj. Obs. w.Yks.^ Rife.
BREKKER, see Breaker.
BREKKLE, see Brockle.
BREKSES, BREKTUS, see Bracksus.
BRELING, adj War. (W.S.B.) [Not known to our
other correspondents.] Of the weather : broiling, very
hot. Cf breal, sb.^
BREM, see Brim.
BREMBLE, see Bramble.
BREME, adj. and sb. Sc. n.Cy. Yks. Der. Also
■written brim Sc. ne.Yks.^ w.Yks. ; bream w.Yks. Der.'^
nw.Der.' [brim, brim.]
1. adj. Of weather : bleak, sharp, fierce. Of a house :
exposed to the wind. Of persons: keen, eager.
Sc. For the Kelpie brim is out, Jamieson Pop. Ballads (i8o6'i
I. 235; "When simmer suns are breem, Blackw. Mag. (Mar. 1820)
(Jam.). N.Cy.^ ne.Yks.^ In fairly common use. Oor bus Stan's
varry brim. w.Yks. He's brim o' the job (C.C.R.); w.Yks.^ It's
very breme uppa yond hill. Der.' '^, nw.Der.^
2. sb. An elevated place exposed to the wind.
w.Yks. Grainge Niddcrdale (1863) 82.
[1. Comes the breme Winter with chamfred browes,
Spenser Sh. Kal. (1579) Feb., 42; Athelstan . . . kast
him in tille Temse, whan it was most brym, Langtoft
(1330), ed. Hearne, I. 28 ; Herode king wass breme,
Onnulmn (c. 1200) 7197.]
BREME, V. Cum. Ess. [brim.]
1. To froth over. Cum.'
2. To rage.
Ess. Arch. Soc. Trans. (1863) II. 183 ; Obs. (H.H.M.)
BREMEL, see Bramble.
BREMMISH, sb. N.I.' [bre'mij.] A dash ; a furious
rush or blow ; the sudden rush made by a ram.
BREN(D, V. Cor, [bren(d.] To frown, wrinkle the
forehead.
Cor.' Don't brend your brows so ; Cor.'
BRENDE, V. Obs. n.Cy. To make broad, to spread
about (K.). Cf brenth.
BREN(N, V. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Shr.
Hrf Glo.
1. To burn. Used freq. as an imprecation. Prcs. Tense:
(i) Brenfn, 12) Bran, (3) Brun.
(i) Sc. I sail brenn yoursel therein. Herd Sugs. (iTjC) Edotti o"
Gordon. Nhb. Sweir that they would bren it down, Richardson
Borderer's Tahlc-bk. (1846) VI. 311. Yks. They're brenning every
rag I have i' t'world, Gaskell Sylvia i 1863'i II. ix. Hrf. Bren it!
DuNCUMB His/. Hrf. (1804-12). (2VChs.i23 s.Chs.^ Bran yo !
or Braan- yoa- will i ! Shr.= Glo. Thuck vire don't y bran, Smyth
Lives of Berkelcys (ed. 1885) III. 26 ; Grose (1790) MS add. (M. ,
(3) Nhb.' This is the common pron. n. Yks.''. w.Yks.' Lan. Mind
thou doesn't brun that beef to a cinder, 'Waugh Chiiitn. Corner
1 1893I 2 ; Lan.', e.Laa.' Chs. Th' rebels said . . . they'd brun
every house, Croston Enoch Crump 1,1887) 9 > CIis."^, s.Chs.',
Der.i', nw.Der.'
Hence Brenning, Brunning, (i) vbl. sb., (2) ppl. adj.
burning.
(i) Lan. It'll nobbo' be th' brunnin of a pipe o' 'bacco or two less,
Mullins/o/ih;;)', i. (2) Ayr. A brenning shame. Ballads and Sngs.
11846) I. 27. Lan. Wat a brunnin shame, Ormerod Felley fro'
Rachde (1864' i.
2. Past Tense : (i) Brent, (2) Brant, (3) Brunt.
(i) Kcd. The flame that brent within his briest, Grant Lays
(1884) 16. (2) N.Cy.' The lowe teuck its claes and brant it (s.v.
Hunkers'!. Nhb.' He brant the bed bottom out, Jack Fairlamb.
(3) Rnf. She turned her cow into a cat. And for that same they
brunt her, Barr Poems (i86i'l 51. Ayr. My auld mother brunt
the trin'le, Burns Inventory. Lth. They brunt my taws, Ballan-
tine Poems (1856) 139. n.Cy. Border Gl. {Coll. L.L.B.) Nhb.',
e.Lan.'
3. Pp. and ppl. adj.: (i) Brent (breant, breawnt), (2)
Bran(t, (31 Brunt, burnt; branded.
(i) Sc. There is none but ould Harry that can match ye for a
brent broo, Scott Redg. ^1824) viii. Lan. Avvst beh i' dawnger
o'bein breant, Tim Bobbin View Dial. (1746 45. Der. In afire to
be brent, Jewitt Z3(j//arfs (1867) 18. (2)Chs"3 Glo. Thy house
is on fire, thy children are bran, Grose (1790) MS. add. (M.) (3)
Sc. I think folk hae brunt for dwams like j'on. Stevenson Catriona
\ 1892) XV. Abd. E'en like twa holes in a brunt flannen clout,
Ogg IVilly U'aly (1873) 196. Cld. In ' curling,' when a stone is
improperly touched, or impeded in its course, it is said to be brunt.
In blindman's buff, he who is twice crowned or touched on the
head by the 'taker,' or him who is hoodwinked, instead of once
only ace. to the law of the game, is said to be ' brunt,' and
regains his liberty (Jam.). Ayr. Some, to learn them for their
tricks. Were hang'd an" brunt. Burns To IV. Simpson (1785 .
N.Cy.' A brunt child dreads the fire. Nhb. Aw like her [goose]
slufl'd wi" onions best. . . . Not brunt, but beautifully brown, Wilson
Pitman's Pay (1843I 25 ; Nhb.' The ' Brunt Hoose ' was formerly
a noted hostelry in the Side at Newcastle. During a game at
ball, or marbles, if one steps in the way, so as to stop the course
of ball or marble, the plaything is said to be brunt. '"Thoo's brunt
maa tar.' Cum. The peat stack we us'd to lake roun'U be brunt er
this, Anderson Ballads (1808) 58 ; They brunt his wig. Lonsdale
Upshot (1811) St. 34. Yks. Them poor colliers, as has getten
brunt i' t'coal-pits, Gaskell Sylvia (1863I III. 47, ed. 1874.
n.Yks.' w.Yks. Fair flingin' hersen intii fire ta be brunt. Banks
Wooers (1880) ii. Lan. After a chap's bin brunt to cinders, Waugh
Snowed up, V. e.Lan.'
4. Coiiip. (i) Brun-fire, a bonfire ; (2) -shins, excessively
hot coals; (3) ■stan(e, brimstone.
(i Lan. He'd put a stop to us bavin' a brun foire. Mellor
Uncle Owdtin (18651 25, ed. 1867; Lan', Chs.' (21 Der.',
nw.Der.' (3) Sc. Zeal catches fire at a slight spark as fast as a
brunstane match, Scott Midlothian (1818) xvii. Ayr. Bake them
up in brunstane pies. Burns Sc. Drink (1786 st. 20. n.Yks.'
[The fyres brenne up-on the auter clere, Ch.\L'cer C. T.
A. 2331 ; A flan, wit wild fire al brent, Cursor M. (c. 1300J
43I4-J
BRENNER, sb. e.An. [bre'nafr).] A sharp gust of
wind over the water. Cf. bren(d, v.
e.An.' Suf. e.An. N. &> Q. (1861; I. ed. 1864.
BRENNET, sb. Som. The knotted fig-wort, Scroplni-
laria nodosa. Cf brown-net.
BRENT, adj.\ adv. and 56.' Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm.
Yks. Lei. Nhp. Ken. ? [brent.]
1. adj. Steep, difficult of ascent. See Brant, Brunt.
Slk. The brent broo o' the knowc, Chr. North Nodes (ed.
1856) IV. 118. N.Cy.' Nhb. Brent Brinkburn's shadowed cliff,
Charnley Fishers Carl. (1841; 5; Nhb.'. Dur.', e.Dur.' s.Dur.
Our steps is varra brent J.li. D.i. n.Yks.' As brent's a hoos'-
sahd ; n.Yks.', m.Yks.', Ken.' Ohs.
2. Cotiip. Brent-brow, a steep hill, the edge or side of
a precipice or liill.
n.Cy. Grose (1790) ; N.Cy." Cum. (K.) Cum.. 'Wm. (M.P.)
3. Of the forehead : smooth, unwrinkled, high.
Sc. Brent as 3*our brow is. Scott Bride of Lam. 1 1819"; xxiv ;
How brent's your brow, my ladj- Elspat ? Jamieson Pop. Ballads
(1806) I. 191. Ayr. When we were first acquent . . . Your
bonie brow was brent, Burns J. Anderson. Lnk. Hair . . .
Abune her bonnie brent broo, Thomson Leddy May (1883; 5.
BRENT
[397]
BREVIT
Lth. Yon avild head, which ance was brent, Bruce Poems
(1813) 173. Gall. Her brent brow like the snaw, Nicholson
Hisl. Talcs (iS^^^gg. n.Yks.^
Hence Brenty, adj. smooth, iinwrinkled.
Sc. Brow brow brenty, Ee ce winkey, Chambers Pop. Rhymes
(18701 20.
4. Pompous, consequential, 'stuck-up.'
N.Cy.' You seem verj- brent this morning. Nhb.' Wor lads . . .
As streight as rashers, and sae brent, Robson Siigs. of 7^v«e ^1849)
492. n.Yks.* So-and-so's as brent as a yackcron [acorn].
Hence Brent-browed, adj. forward, impudent. Per.
(Jam.)
5. adv. Straight, direct.
e.Lth. TI1C3' maun aye rin brent at a thing, Hunter/. Imvick
(18951 186. Slk. To come brent on (Jam.'. Rxb. He look'd me
brent i' the face i7».').
6. In phr. to liae or see brent, to see distinctly, clearly.
Ltli. I hae it a' brent i' my head. The Smugglers (1819) II. 116
(Jam.^.
7. sb. The brow of a hill. _Cf. 2. Lei.', Nhp.^
[1. Brant, steepe, procliuis. Levins Manip. (1570) ; pan
come ))ai till a barme of a brent lawe. Wars Alex. (c. 1450)
4812. 3. With browes full brent, brightist of hewe, Dest.
Troy (c. 1400) 3030. Sw. brant, steep (Widegren) ; ON.
brallr ( Fritzner).]
BRENT, sb.'^ Or.L (Jam. Siippl.) Spring. Also used
altrih.
BRENT, f7f//.'2 Sc. Irel. [brent] In rowA. (i) Brent
clean, quite clean; (2) — new, quite new, 'spick and
span.' Cf Iran.
(i) N.I.' 12^ Sc. (Jam.) Ayr. Nae cotillion brent new frae
France. Burns Tarn o' Shaiiler (i-jgo) St. 11. N.I.i
BRENT, pp/. adj. Sc. Nlib. [brent] In comp. (i)
Brent-fir, fir or pine dug out of bogs ; (2) -grass, dried
seed-stalks of grass. Also called Winnel-straa (q.v.).
See Brenin, v.
(i) Per. TV. &> Q. (1855) ist S. xi. 495 ; Obs. It was the fir used
instead of candles G.W. ). 1,2) Nhb.i
BRENT, V. So. [brent] To dart or spring suddenly
and violently.
Bnff.^ The horse brentit oot o' ma han*.
Hence Brent, (i) sb.s. sudden spring or bound; (2) adv.
with a sudden bound or spring, ib.
BRENT, see Brant.
BRENTH, sb. Cum. Yks. Wor. Hrf. Glo. Oxf [bren}>.]
1. Breadth. See Brende.
Cum. T'length, an' brenlli. an' depth. Farrall Bcltv IVilson
(1886 I 64. n.Yks. 1 1.W.), w.'Wor.i, se.Wor.', Hrf.^, GIo^'
2. In ploughing: once up or down the land.
Oxf.' MS. add.
BRENTIN, vbl. sb. Nhb. [bre'ntin.] The act, in
plaj'ing marbles, of placing the hand on the knee and so
discharging the marble from an elevation.
Nhb.' ' Brent doon ' is the instruction to keep the hand down on
the ground.
BRERE, see Briar.
BRESH, sb. Obs. Wor. A half fallow, made after
the seed was got in. [Not known to our correspondents.]
Wor. Young Ann. Agrie. 1 1784-1815).
BRESNA, sb. Irel. Also written brosnach N.I.' A
bundle of dry sticks for firewood ; a faggot.
Ir. A special good bresna of rotten boughs from the forest,
Kennedy Fireside Stories (1870) 105. N.I.' Also called Brosna
and Brasncugh. Crl. Common (J.T.M.fT).
[Ir. brosna, a faggot (O'Reilly), see Macbain (s.v. bros-
iiaic/i).]
BRESSES, sb. pi. Chs. Der. Not. Lin. Breasts.
Chs.i, Der.' Not. My daughter's been sadly plagued with bad
brcsses, sin the baby war a week old (L.C.M.). sw.Lin.'
BRESSIE, sb. Sc. Also written brassy (Jam.). The
fish ' wrasse ' or ' old wife,' Labriis maciilatiis.
e.Sc. Neill Hist. Fishes ^iSio) 13 (Jam.V Fif. Also called Sea
swine, StBBALD Hist. Fife (1710) 128, ed. 1803 Jam.j. [Satchell
^1879) 6]
BRESTFUST, sb. Hrt. Breakfast
Hrt. Cussans I/ist. Hrf. (1879-1881 > III. 320.
BRESTYE, see Breast -hee.
BRET.sA.' Obsoi. Van dial. Written brett( Satchell).
The turbot, Rlioiiibas vulgaris.
n.Cy. Ray (ed. 1674) 99. Yks. Gent. Mag. (1785") 333. ed.
Gomme, 1886. n.Yks. (T.S.) Yks., Lin., e An. Ray Corresp.
1671 94. Sus. I thank you for the account you sent of the Bret,
ib. (16691. w.Cy. Ray ed. 1674 99. [Satchei.i. 1879 .]
(Brett turbut or halybut, Russell Boke Nurture (c. 1460)
735, in Meats &^ Maitiurs, ed. Furnivall. 51]
BRET, ii.2 and !'.' Ken.' 1. 56. A portion of wood torn
ofi' with the ' strig' in gathering fruit. 2. v. To tear off
wood with the 'strig.'
[The young lambes . . . nibling and brettyng the toppes
of the preatye pagles, Wotton Courtly Coi'ilrov. (1578) 7.]
BRET, V.' Or.I. Also written jjrett (Jam. ^SuppL).
[bret.] To strut, stride ; to bounce along.
Or.I. Jam. 5»/'/>/.) ; (^S.A.S.) S. & Ork.'
[Norw. dial, bretta, to strut, stride (Aasen).]
BRET, v.^ Lan. [Not known to our correspondents.]
To beat.
Lan. His fej'ther . . . 'd bret him if he knew, Brierlfy Cast
upon World (1886) 12 ; For once my wits 're farely br'ttcn,
Mellor Poems (1865) 4.
BRET, t^.* Obs. Ken. To fade away ; to alter.
Ken. iK.) ; Ken.'
[Cp. ON. breyta, to alter, to change.]
BRETHER, sb. jil. Sc. Yks. Lan. Also in form breder
S. & Ork.'; breedir Sh.I. ; breethir n.Yks.^ ; brethir Sc.
(Jam.) [bre'5a(r).] Brothers, brethren. See Brither.
Sc. Do to their neighbours and brcthcr as they would be done
withal, Lindsay }Iist. (17281 143 (Jam.V Sh.I. (Coll. LL.B.)
S. & Ork.' Twa breder, ib. MS. add. Cai. Common, Murray
Dial. (1873; 160. Bnff., Per. Used by old people in Strathavon,
ib. Fif. 'Brcther' is in everyday use. In the town it has in some
degree given place to ' brithers.' but in the country it still holds its
own, 16. s.Sc. Obsol., ' bruthers ' being the common form, ib.
n.Yks.3, Lan.i
[The seyd priourand his brether, PastoJi L. (14251 1. 21 ;
His brejier als him-self he loued, Cursor M. (c. 1300)
1210.]
BREUK, see Brook.
BREVIDGE, see Brevit.
BREVIT, V. and sb. In gen. use in midl. counties.
Also in form brebit Shr.' ; breffet Not.^; brevet Chs.'
Stf.' Lei.' War.3 s.War.' Hrf Glo.' Hmp.' Wil.' ; brevidge
Not.' Lei.' War.3; brevut Oxf; brififut Brks. ; brivit
Shr.' Wil.'
1. V. Of a dog or cat : to hunt, sniff, or beat about after
game, &c.
Chs. Sheaf (1879') I- 237 ; Chs.', Stf.', Not 3, Lei.', War '^
s.War.' How the dog do brevet about, poor thing! Hrf.'* Slir.'
Of a cat : 'Er's al'ays ibbidgin' an' snibbidgin', an' brcbilin'
about. Glo. (W.H.C.) ; Glo.' Brks. (W. H.Y.) ; iM.J.B. 1 Hmp.'
Wil. A covey, put up by the dogs that went breveting about,
Kennard Diogenes (1893! ix ; Britton Beauties (1825 ; WiL'
2. To search, rummage, ransack; to prj' into, meddle.
e.Yks. I have brcvitted about everywhere for it, and cannot
find it (E.F.). Lan. (M.AR.) s.Stf. Yo' shan't brevet among my
linen, Pinnock Blk. Cy. Ann. (18Q5V Not.', s.Not. (J.P.K.)
Lin.' Breffet all over the place. Lei.' A wur a-brevetin' ivvry
drawer i' the 'ousc. Nhp.'-, War.23 w. Wor.' I've brevitted thraow
ahl them drahrs. s.Wor. 1 II.Iv.) Shr.' Who's bin brevitin' i' my
drawer? Shr.2 Glo. (H.S.ff ; (A.B., Oxf. ^ MS. add. n.Bck.
(A C.) Wil.' Brevettin' into other folks' business.
Hence Breviting, (a) vbl. sb. a quick searching about,
prying into ; (b) ppl. adj. rummaging, gadding about
la) Brks. Gl. (18521. (4i War.2, Glo.», Hrf.' =
3. To bustle about, to fidget Gen. used with prep, about.
s.Chs.' Ah neviir seyd aanibdi lahyk aa'r Poli fiir brivitin
iibuvvt [Ah never scid annyb'dy like ahr Polly for brivitin' abowt].
s.Not. Ah can't hac thee brcfletin like that, child, sit thee still
.I.P.K.\ War. J.B.), s.Wor. F.W.M.W.), Hrf.« Glo. He's
such a fidget, always brevctting about (A.B.). Wil. (W.C.P.)
4. To prowl or hang about.
w.Wor.', se.Wor.' s.Wor.' Wot be them bvvoys a-brevitin about
in our lane for? Brks.' I zin 'un a brevettin' about alang tlio
hedges up to no good.
5. To pilfer.
Wil.' If .she'll brevet one thing, she'll brevet another.
BREW
[398]
BRIAR
6. sb. A fidgety, restless person; one who prys or
searches , about. „ , ■ ,
s.Chs.' Oo.z ii oo-zi taalukin brivit [Hoo s a hooz.v tallackin
bruit]. Lin. ' Breffits ' was a term applied to a child when in a
state of breathless anxiety, A'. & Q. (1861) and S. xii. 483. nXin.
Rarely used (E. P.). Midi. A'. £- Q. (1861) 2nd S. xii. 416. Nhp.i
What a brevit she is. War.2 s.Wor. (F.W.M.W. s Hrf. 1 W.W.S. ,
Brks. (M.J.B.) Wil.i Brivet, a word often applied to children
when they wander about aimlessly and turn over things, Leisure
Nour (Aug. i893\
7. A minute search ; a short visit.
Shr.i I've lost the kay . . .but 111 ave another brevit for it.
'Er's on'y gwun on a bribit to owd Molly Price's.
[5. Massinissa . . . lived for some days by the breviting
and robberie of the other two horsemen, Holland Livy
(1600) 734.]
BREW, 5*.^ Sc. Cum. Lin. War. Wor. In conip.
(i) Brew-creesh, a duty formerly paid for the liberty of
brewing; (2) -farm, a fine paid for the licence to keep
an ale-house ; (3) -house, a scullery or back-kitchen,
detached or otherwise; (4) -lead, a leaden vessel used
in brewing.
(I Abd. Still used. Sometimes called brew-tallow (Jam.). (2)
Cum. They also pay a brew-farm, Hutchinson Hist. Cunt. (1794)
II. 240. (3) War. In gai. use (.G.F.N.) ; War.3 s.Wor. (H.K.)
(4) n Lin.^
BREW, sb.'^ Irel. I.Ma. Chs. e.An.
1. A steep bank or hill ; an overhanging bank. See
Brow, sb} 3.
n.Ir. Af.ef-Q. (i873':i 4thS. xii. 73. Uls. fM.B.-S.) I.Ma. Cutting
the long grass on the steep brews, Caine ^1/(I«.v«io« (.1895) pt. vi. i.
Chs .3
2. In phr. ffoiitg down the hrewe,fig. giving way in health.
Chs.3 See Brow, sb} 4.
3. The field side of a ditch.
e.An.i. N.f.l Suf. (C.T.) ; Suf.l
BREW, see Broo.
BREWARD, sb} and v. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Shr.
Also in form brewart Der.^ nw.Der.*; brewerd Yks.;
brooad s.Chs.'; brooit Shr.'; brord, brore Chs.^^^;
bruard w.Yks.' e.Lan.'; bruart Lan.' Chs.'^^ nw.Der.'
[briu 3d, briu-at.]
1. sb. The young shoots of corn, grass, &c.; a crop or
growth. See Braird.
w.Yks. S.P.U.); w.Yks.i ; w.Yks.sThiscornisi'breward. That's
a nice breward o' wheat. Lan. Grose (1790^1 MS. add. (C.) ; Laji.'
Yo'n a fine bruart o' strawberry. e.Lan.' s.Lan. Yo'n a fine
brewart o' potatoes, Bamford Dial. (1854). Chs.' We speak of
' a good bruart ' or ' a bad bruart ' ; Clis.^^ s.Chs.' Most commonly
applied to corn or turnips. YoaOn gofn u rair broo-iid u
tuu-rmits i dhaaf feyld, gy'aaf-ur [Yo'n gotten a rare brooad o'
turmits i' that feild, gaffer]. Der.^, nw.Der.'
2. Pasturage found in wheat and oat fields after the
harvest.
w.Yks. (M.F.) Slir.i 'E'saploughin' up that mcado', an' theer's
a good brooit on it for the 3'eows.
3. V. Of corn, vegetables, &c. : to shoot, spring, sprout.
Lan.' Yo'r taties are bruartin' finely. Clis.'^^
4. To turn cattle out to graze on a harvested field.
w.Yks. (M.F.)
BREWARD, sb? Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. In form
braward Yks. ; brewart Der.^ nw.Der.' ; brewerd Yks. ;
brewers w.Yks.^"*; brewits Lan.'; broward, brows
w.Yks.^; bruard w.Yks.' e.Lan.' Der.'; bruart Lan.'
e.Lan.' Chs.'^ nw.Der.'; bruit Lan. [briu'ad, briuat.]
1. The brim of a hat.
w.Yks. A regular chimlej'-poiper, wi' a varry narrah breward,
Wadsley Jack (1866) xi ; w.Yks.' =345 Lan. Wi' th' rain drippin'
off his hat brewits, Waugh Sneck-Baiit u868; ii ; Lan.', e.Lan.'
s.Lan. PiCTON Dial. (1865) 14. Chs. (.P.R.); (K.) Der.' Ofo. ;
Der.2, nw.Der.'
2. The narrow thin edge or shavings of anything.
Chs. 2 Hat-bniarts are the parings of the brim of a hat \i) ; Chs.^
[.■li!i\ the brim or brerewood of a hat, Cotgr.]
BREWER, sb. Hmp. The foreman in a brewery,
who actually brews the beer. Hmp. (H.C.M.B.) ; Hmp.'
BREWER'S-APRON, sb. Suf. Inferior beer or
'swipes,' which are often said to be made from the
washings of the brewer's apron.
Suf. (F.H.) ; Well known ;C.G.B.).
BREWERY, see Boorey.
BREWING, vbl. sb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Chs. [briu'in.]
In coiiip. (i) Brewing-brigs, a forked stick placed across
the brewing-tub to support the horsehair sieve (s.v.
Brig(g, 3); (2) -stoo, the bench on which the 'mash-
tub' is placed in brewing.
(.Ti Cum., Wm. i^M.P.) Yns. Yts. Life and Character {1S68') 138.
2 Chs.'
BREWIS, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Wal. Der.
Shr. Mtg. Amer. Also written brawis Yks. ; breawis
e.Lan.' Chs.'; brewes Chs."^ ; breweys w.Yks.^ ; browes
Chs.'^; browess Der.'; browis w.Yks.'^^ Chs.* s.Chs.'
Der.° nw.Der.' Shr.' [briuis, brouis.]
1. Broth, pottage.
Sc. Mountains of beef, and oceans of brewis, Scott A'igel (1822)
X. w.Yks. (D.L.i Lan. On Good Friday a jorum of browis and
roasted wheat or frumenty was the treat for dinner, Harland Sc
Wilkinson Flk-Lore (186-1) 237. Chs. (E.F.")
2. Bread or oatcake soaked in hot water, fat, gravy, &c.
N.Cy.' Nhb.' Obs. n.Yks.'^ w.Yks. Wc'n had menni a moss
a nettle porridge an brawis. Bywater Sheffield Dial. 1,18391 13;
w.Yks.' 2; w.Yks.3 Without fat it is ' watcr-browis ' ; w.Yks.''^
Lan. Wet and warm like Oldham brewis, Waugh Chiinii. Corner
(1874) 100, ed. 1879: Lan.', e.Lan.', CUs.'^s, s.Chs.' n.Wal.
A. tf Q. (18701 4th S. vi. 562. Der.'2, nw.Der.', Shr.'. Mtg.
(E.R.M.) [Nfld. Trans. Jimer. Flk-Lore So.: 1,18941. U.S.A.,
N.Eng. Crusts of rye and Indian o: other bread softened with milk
and eaten with molasses, Bartlett (1859).]
[1. Brewes, broiiet, Palsgr. (1530); Potage, as wortes,
lowtes, or browes, Boke Kcrvyiige (1513), in Meals &r'
Manners, ed. Furnivall, 160. 2. Brewis, offulae adipatae,
Baret (1580). OFr. broez, broth, see Hatzfeld (s.v.
Broitet)?^
BREWITS, see Breward.
BREWSTER, sb. Obsol. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Lin.
Also Cor. Also written browster Sc. N.Cy.' Nhb.'
1. A brewer.
Sc. Bailey (1721^ ; Scolic. (1787') 13. Kcd. A' their healths they
noo were drunk. And Brewster Babie's too, Jamie jl/jfSf (1844 73.
Fif. Brewsters' tongues wi' dads and dabs, Tennant Papistry
(1827) 12. Edb. Ye browster never now busk yebraw, Ferguson
Poems {inS' 100. Bwk. The browster gie'd us a' a gliff Wi' his
barley bree, Henderson Pop. Rhymes 118561 4. N.Cy.', Nhb.',
n.Yks.2, e.Yks.', w.Yks.'^, Lan,', n.Lin.' Cor. Monthly Mag.
' 1808) II. 423; Cor.3 Used by old people.
2. Comp. Brewster-wife, a female publican.
Sc. The browster wives, are eident lang, Right fain for a' thing
snod, Tarras Poems (1804) 92 (Jam.). Ayr. Browster wives an'
whisky stills. Burns Third Ep. J. Lapraik (1785) st, 5.
[1. Of Richard Cook, a common brewster, breaking
the assize of bread and ale, vj^*, Kirton Manor Fine Roll
(1632) (n.Lin.').]
BREXASS, see Bracksus.
BREYAD-, see Broad-.
BREZ, V. ne.Lan. [Not known to our correspondents.]
To do anything energetically.
ne.Lan,' I brezzed away at it
BRIAN, 1'. and s6. Obs.} Nhb. Yks.
1. V. To keep fire at the mouth of an oven, either to give
light or to preserve the heat. Gen. in phr. lo bn'an an oven.
n.Cy. (K.) ; N.Cy."' Nhb. Elsewhere this fire is called a spruzz-
ing, Grose (17901; Nhb.' m Yks.' Boilers, 'set-pots' (open
boilers, set in brick), and large ovens, with the fire-grate under-
neath, are usually briancd.
2. sb. The residuum of the burning fuel retained alight
when a large fireplace, iS:c., is cleaned out. m.Yks.'
BRIAR, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Der. Not. Lin. Rut. Nhp. Wor. Shr. In forms brare
Not. ; brear w.Yks.' ; bree n.Yks.'* ; breear Wm.'
ne.Yks.'; breeor Lan.; breer Sc. Nhb.' n.Yks.* n.Lan.'
e.Lan.' Chs.'^ s.Chs.' Der.' nw.Der.' Rut.'; brere Dur.'
n.Yks.' w.Yks.'* Lan.' nw.Der.' n.Lin.' Nhp. [briair).]
BRIAR-BOT
[399]
BR ID
1. A bramble or other prickly shrub, esp. the wild rose,
Hosa caiiina.
Ayr. The rose upon the breer, Burns Wee Willie Gray. SIk.
He sprang o'er the bushes, he dashed o'er the breers, Hogg
IVinlcr Ev. ( 1820) U. 215 i Jam. 1. Nhb.'.Dur.' Cum. Nae rwose . ..
Tliat yet grew on a brecr, Anderson Ballads ,1808) 74. Wm.
Keep out of the brcars, to save 3'our breeches, Hutton Bran I\'ruf
IVaik (17851 1. 487. n.Yks. As the lily amang the breers,
Robinson IVIiithy Sng. Sol. (i860) ii. 2; Sharp as a bree,
LiNSKiLL Behu. llcallier and N. Sea (1884) xiii ; n.Yks.12 ne.Yks.'
T lad's as sharp as a breear. e.Yks. Marshall /fur. Econ. (1788.
w.Yks.' I 3'arks ya foote under a tetherin breear, ii. 302 ; w.Yks.^
Lan. A little smart tweggink lass, ut nipt obewt us sharp us o'
breeor, Paul Bobbin Sequel 1 i8ig'i 15; Lan.', n.Lan.', e.Lan.',
Chs.i3, Der.', nw Der.', s.Not. (J.P.K.), n Lin.', sw.Lin.' Rut.'
I'll clean up they breers. Nhp. The rose is on the brere, Clare
ReDiains (18731 149,
Hence Briary, adj. (i) prickly, thorny, also nscAfig.;
(2) sharp, clever, bold, restless.
(i) Lth. Dew Shining on thebreerie thorn. Bruce Pofoii (1813)
162. n.Yks.2 A breery trod [path]. Breery beck. (2) Sc.
Stourie, stoussie, gaudy brierie. Dinging a' things lapsalteerie,
Crawford Mother's Pet, st. 3 (Jam. Stif>fl.). Lth. (Jam.)
2. Coiitp. (i) Briar-ball, (2) -bob, a spongy ball or
excrescence growing on the wild rose; (3) -boss, the
gall of the wild rose, formed by the insect Cyiiips rosae ;
(4) -bunting, the corn bunting, Emberiza tuiiiaiia ; (5)
<rook, a hedging sickle.
(i ) Nhp.* Placed by boys in their coat culfs. as a charm to prevent
flogging. se.Wor.' (2) Chs.', s.Chs.' (31 Shr. If you light on
a briar-boss accidental w'en yo' 'an the tuthache, an' wear it in
yore boasom, it'll cure it, Burne Flk-Lore I1883) 194 ; Shr.* (4)
n.Ir. [So called] from its nesting in ditch banks run wild with
brambles, SwAiNsoN iJiVrfs (1885) 69. N.I.* (5) n.Yks. They cut
their way wi breea creeaks (^I.W.) ; n.Yks. 2
3. Shoots of the bramble when split into thongs for
binding straw beehives. Wm.'
[A brere smale and slendre, Chaucer R. Rose, 858.
OE. hra-r.}
BRIAR-BOT, sb. N.I.' [Not known to our correspon-
dents.] The fishing frog or sea-devil, Lophiiis piscaloriiis.
Also called Molly Gowan, Kilmaddy.
BRIBE, sb. Yks. [braib.] A piece cut off an end
or piece of cloth, which is damaged or imperfect ; a short
length of cloth.
w.Yks. CW.T.') ; Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Nov. 8, i884'') ; w.Yks.s
[Cp. Fr. bribe, ' gros morceau de pain, les rcstes d'un
repas' (Littre); bribe, 'morceau de telle chose que ce
soit ' (Roquefort).]
BRIBE, V. Brks. Wil. To twit, taunt; to scold,
'nag.'
Brks. She terrible bribed I (A.C.). Wil. He be always bribing
I with going after the rebbuts (VV.C. P. ) ; Wil.' What d'ye want
to kip a-bribing I o" that vur ?
BRICCO, BRICHA. see Britchel.
BRICHEN, see Brochan.
BRICK, .si. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. In conip. (i) Brick-burr, a brickbat; (2) -clod, a thin
but tough sod cut from a peat-bog, used for covering
bricks when tiiey are piled up for drying; (3) -earth,
earth from which bricks are made ; (4) -head, a brick-
bat ; (5) -keel or -kill, a brick-kiln ; (6) -layer, (a) a brick-
maker ; (b) a term ajjplied to clergymen; (7) -maker,
the wagtail, Molacilla lugiibris; (8) -noggin, an old, strong
method of building, in whicli the houses were framed in
woodwork and filled up with bricks ; (9) -oven, a baker's
oven made of bricks; (10) -pane, a term used of a half-
timbered house; (ii) -setter, a bricklayer; (12) -tiles,
bricks.
(i) n.Yks.'' (2") Chs.' (3") Sur. A very singular and valuable
bed of brick earth, Marshall Review (1817) V. 371. (4) s.Not.
I'll hull a brick-'cad at yer (J.P.K.i. (5 B-ks.', I.W.'2, w.Som.'
[(,, a. s Chs.' (i) Oxf, Brks. A', if O. 1 1859! 2nd S. vii. 115 ;
Farmer. (7) n.Lin. The appearance and departure of the wagtail
closely coincide with the opening and closing of the brick-making
season (G.E.D.). (8, Chs.'^, Suf.' Sur. Others are built of brick-
nogging covered with tiles, Marshall Review (181 7) V. 389. (9)
n.Liu.', Wor. (J.W.P.) (lOj Chs.^ Half-timbered houses are
called brick-pane buildings. (11 Chs.', s.Chs.' [Gl. Lab. (1894 ]
(12) [Grose 117901 MS. add. 1 P.)]
2. In phr. (i| Brick a bread or breed, of a wall : as thick
as a brick is broad. 4^ ins. ; sec Abrede : (2) — a len\g]th,
double the breadth of a brick ; (3I -tliaiiging, a forfeit
inflicted in some rustic games in which a person is taken
by the head and heels and tossed up and down.
(i) n.Yks.2 e.Yks. We built squire a brick a breed wall,
Nicholson /"tt-S/. f 1889) 54; e.Yks,' jl/5. add. (T.H.) n.Lin.'
(2) e.Yks.' MS. add. iT.H.) (3; Lan. (J.L.)
3. pi. A paved walk or footpath.
Stf.2 Kum on dh' briks, ya darti lad, ait a' dh' sluj. Sus.' I'm
always pleased to see him a-coming up my bricks.
4. A small loaf of bread, resembling a brick in shape.
Sc. A quarter brick ( Jam. i. Nhb. (W.G.), Nhp.' Dev. Put es
nauze in ma pokkit an took'd a girt brick, Nathan Hogg Poet.
Lett. ',1847) io> ed. 1865; Hewett ftai. Sp. (1892^ '^s.v. Penny ;
Dev.'
BRICK, see Birk, Brock.
BRICKEN, adj. Wil. Dor. Som. [bri'kan.] Made of
brick.
s.Wil. (C.V.G.) Dor.' Crickets roun' the bricken heth did
zing, 155. Som. (C.V.G.)
BRICKEN, V. Obsol. n,, s. and e.Cy. Also written
brecken N.Cy.' To bridle, hold up the head ; to put on
a smart appearance by holding up the head.
n.Cy. Grose ^1790; N.Cy.' s.& e.Cy. Rav (1691). Sus. ^K.);
(G.A.W.)
[Bricken, bridle up the head, Coles (1677).]
BRICKER, see Breaker.
BRICKET, sb. Chs.'^ [bri-kit.] A stool.
BRICKLE, adj. Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs. Nlip. Wor. Shr.
Suf. Sur. Hmp. Dor. Som. Amer. Written bre'kl- m.Yks.'
[bri'kl.] Fragile, brittle, easily broken. Also used fig.
See also Britchel. Cf. brackle, brockle, briickle.
Sc. I think how I am to fend for ye now in thae brickie times,
Scott Old Mortality (1816) vii ; He understood well that an army
being brickie like glasse, Monro £'.r/>frfiyioH (1637 II. 16 (Jam. \
e.Yks.' w.Yks.' It's feaful brickie weather; w.Yks. ^ Lan.
Gaskell Leetiires Dial. {iB~,h^ 2i ; Lan.', n.Lan.', Chs.', Nhp.',
s.Wor. iH.K.) Shr.' Yo' mun mind 'ow yo' 'ondlon that corn;
the straw's despert brickie. Suf.' Sur. Trans. Phil. Soe. (1854)
83. Hmp.' Som. W. & J. Gl. 18731; Jennings Obs. Dial.
w.Eiig. (,1825^ w.Som.' "Tis so brickie's glass.
Hence Brickly, (i) adj. brittle, easily broken, friable ;
{2) adj. of sheep and cattle: given to break fences.
(i) m.Yks.' Poor, dry straw is said to be mush and bre'kly.
Suf. A horse was perfection, only that one hoof was 'brickly'
(T.R.L.). Dor. Barnes Gl. (1863) ; Dor.' Som. Jennings Ohs.
Dial. IV. Eng. (i825\ [U.S.A. Used in Georgia, Baktlett (1859).]
^2) Som. You can't keep no brickly stock in that field W.K.R.).
[This man that of earthly matter maketh brickie
vessels, Bible (1611) Wisdom xv. 13; Bnc\i\e, fragilis,
Levins Maiiip. (1570).]
BRICKO, see Britchel.
'B^\CKV1,sb.'m^hT.atbrickut. Glo.» Of a cat : ;;/nr/5
appclciis.
BRID, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der.
1. A bird.
Yks. Brids of a feather aye flock together, Holroyd Proir. Lan.
An' ini .shuttle shall fly like a brid, Buieri.ev IVavcrlow (1884; 178;
Lan.', e.Lan.', Chi.'^ s.Chs.' 19. Stf.', Der.^, nw.Der.'
2. Coiiip. |i) Brid-breer, Rosa arveiisis; (2) een, the
plant Lychnis dinrna ; (3) -legged, slender-legged, spindle-
shanked; gcn.appWed to a woman; (4) -nase, 15I -nesses,
pi. birds' nests; (6) -neeze, a bird's nest; (7) -neezing,
(8) -neisenin', bird-nesting ; (9) -'s-pin-cushions, the
mossy excrescences on wild rose-trees; (10) -rose, the
white Scotch wild rose with black hips, Rosa spiiiosissima.
(1,2) Chs.' (3) Chs.' =3 h) Stf.2 (5) Lan. He'd bridnesscs
show thi an' o', Cy. IVds. (Nov. 17, 1866) 40. (6) Chs.'* (7')
Lan. Owd times when thee an' me wurn yunk . . . an' goo a brid
neezin', Brierley Tales (1854") 147; An derectly went'n a brid-
necziuk. Walker Plebeian Pol. '^1796) 23. Chs.' Let's go a brid-
neczing. (8^ s.Chs.' Wilt kiimu.brid'z ney-znin wi iiz u Seturdi?
[Wut come a-brids'-neisenin' wi' us o' Setterday ?] This is peculiar
as being formed from the pi. of a sb. neyzn. [g)ib. Brid z-ping*-
kiishinz. Also called Breer [briarj-bob (q. v.). (10} Chs.'*
BRID
[400]
BRIDGE
3. A term of aflection, in addressing men or animals,
gen. in phr. oivd brid.
Lan. Good neet, owd brid, Brieri.ey ^A-o'-rt'-ynfe Ya>it(e!a>iti
(1885) vii; [To a donkey.] Lifting a bucket of water which stood
by the door, — ' Sup, owd brid ! It'll make thi yure curl !' Waugh
Besom Ben. i.
[Y gadre togider thi sones, as a brid gaderith his nest
vndur fethris, Wyclif (1388) Luke xiii. 34. OE. brid
{Corpus Gl.).]
BRID, see Breed.
BRIDAL, sb. Sc. Also Som. In couip. (i) Bridal-
bread, obs., bread broken over a bride's head after
marriage and scrambled for by the guests ; (2) -potion,
obs., a drink, given in connexion with the ' bedding' (q.v.)
of the bride and bridegroom ; (3) -wife, a newly-married
wife ; (4) -wreath, the plant Fraucoa ramosa, bearing
long racemes of small white flowers.
(i) Lth. Now broken was the bridal bread Owre the bride's
cockernony, Bruce Poems ^1813) 65. (2) ib. Auld doited Pate . . .
Pray'd owre the bridal potion, ib. 70; (A.W.) f3) Ayr. The
minister's come hame wi' his bridal-wife, Galt Lairds (1826)
XXXV. (4) w.Som.l
BRIDBILLED, ndj. Chs.^^ Also in form bridbuUd.
[bri dbild.] Said of accurately-fitting wood.
[Fitted as accurately as the two parts of a ' bird's bill.']
BRIDE, 56.' and i'. Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. sb. In coinp. ( i) Bride-bun or -cake, the cake provided
at a wedding, formerly broken over the head ofthe bride ;
(2) -day, wedding-day; (3) -'s-knots, ribbons worn at
a wedding ; (4) -"s-laces, the ribbon-grass, Culainagrosiis
variegata; (5) -'s-maiden, bridesmaids; (6) -'s-part. the
early part of the day on which a wedding takes place ;
(7) -'s-pie, a round pie with a strong crust, variously orna-
mented, which was always present at the feast after a
wedding ; (8) -shoe, money demanded at the church gate
from the wedding-party; see also Ball-money; (9)
-spurs, spurs allotted to the best runner after the marriage
ceremony; (10) -stones, pillars of rocks found on the
moors, at which marriage ceremonies were formerly
practised.
(i~) Slk. They were battling wha first to get a haud o' the
bride's bunn, Hogg Tales (1838) 154, ed. 1866. N.Cy.^ w.Yks.'
A thin currant-cake, marked in squares, though not entirely cut
through, is ready against the bride's arrival. Over her head is
spread a clean linen napkin ; the bridegroom stanoing behind the
bride, breaks the cake over her head. \^2) Sc. The bride-day, you
say, is to be on the thirtieth of the instant month ? Scott Nigel
(1822'f x.xxvii. (3! Lth. Bride's-knots, an sic like gear . . . I'm gaun
to Willie's wedding, BrucePo(?»14-(i8i3j 62. (4 Nhp.' (siw.Cor.
She's going to have si.K brides-maiden (M.A.C). (6) Ir. The
wedding morning, or the bride's part of it, as they say, was
beautiful, Carleton Traits Peas. (1843^ I. 60. (7) w.Yks.' It
would have been deemed an act of neglect or rudeness if any
of the party omitted to partake of it. (8) n.Yks. (I.W.) (,9) N.Cy.^,
Nhb.' Obs. {t.6) n.Yks.^
2. V. To bridle up the head, to act the bride.
[She brides it, Ray Prov. (1678 1 67.]
[2. Cincisdiidre, to mince or bride it at the table, or in
speech, as a bride, or some affected women do (Florio).]
BRIDE, sb?- Shr.
1. A disease causing stiff joints in the feet of pigs.
(G.F.J.)
2. Contp. Bride-weed or -wort, the yellow toad -flax,
Linaria vulgaris.
Shr. A decoction of the herb is used in the treatment of this
disease [bride], whence the local name Bride- wort (G.F.J.) ; Shr.'
[Fr. bride, pi. 'filaments qui, dans I'interieur de la plaie,
empcchent recoulement du pus' (Hatzfeld).]
BRIDE- ALE, s6. Nhb. Yks. Also Som. Also written
bridal Nhb.'
1. A wedding feast. See also Bride-door, Broose.
N.Cy.i, Nhb.i w.Som.i Bruyd ae ul. Still in use, but obsol.
[(K.)]
2. The warmed, sweetened, and spiced ale, presented to
a wedding party on its return from church. Also caUed
Hot-pots (q.v.).
n.Yks.i w.Yks.' Whoever had the good fortune to arrive first
at the bride's house, requested to be shown to the chamber of the
new married pair. After he had turned down the bed-clothes
he returns, carrying in his hand a tankard of warm ale, to meet
the bride, to whom he triumphantly oilers his humble beverage.
The bride then presents to him [a] ribbon as the honourable
reward of his victory.
[1. A bridale, niipliae, Levins Manip. (1570). OE. hryd-
ealo.]
BRIDE-DOOR, sb. Dur. Cum. Yks. In phr. fo run
or ride for the bride-door, to join in the race for the
bride's gift of a ribbon or handkerchief run by the 3'oung
men of the neighbourhood, at the conclusion of the
marriage ceremonj'. See Bride-ale, Broose.
n.Cy. In Sc. the prize is a mess of brose : the custom is there
called running for the brose, Grose (17901 Siippl. ; The ribbon
when won is supposed to be destined for the winner's sweetheart,
actual or to be, Atkinson Gl. Dur. Still practised at St. Helen's,
Auckland, and other villages in Dur.: only the handkerchief is
supposed to be a delicate substitute for the bride's garter, which
used to be taken off as she knelt at the altar, ib. Dur., Cum.
(s.v. Bride-ale), Brockett Gl. n.Yks.' In days gone by, the race
was always from the churchyard gate to the bride-door, and the
prize was not barely the bride's garter, but the added privilege of
taking it himself from her leg as she crossed the threshold other
home ; n.Yks.° ne.Yks.' Obs. e.Yks. The prize [is] a ribbon,
which is worn for the day in the hat ofthe winner, Marshall
Ritr. Ecoti. (1788). w.Yks. Should any ofthe competitors, how-
ever, omit to shake hands with the bride, he forfeits the prize, though
otherwise entitled to win {.s. v. Bride-alei, Brockett Gl. [Wei.
After the wedding, the bridegroom mounts on horseback and
takes his bride behind him. A certain amount of ' law ' is given
them, and then the guests mount and pursue them. It is a matter
of courtesy not to overtake them, but whether overtaken or not
they return w'ith their pursuers to the wedding feast, Brand Pop.
Antiq. II. 155; Atkinson Gl.~\
BRIDE-'WAIN, sb. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
1. Obs. A wagon or cart, loaded with household goods,
conveyed from the bride's house to her new home.
n.Cy. Grose (1790) Suppl. ; N.Cy.' Nhb. Such a waggon is
styled the ' plenishing-wain,' Atkinson Gl. ; Nhb.', Wra.' n.Yks.'
It has obtained the name of wain from a \'Qry ancient custom,
now obs., of presenting a bride, who had no great stock of her
own, with a waggon-load of furniture and provisions. Some forty
or fifty years since it was the custom here to place one of those
curious and handsome black oak cabinets or presses, well stored
with the necessary graithing or gear for a newly married couple,
in a wain, and harnessing to it several yoke of oxen gaily gar-
landed, to drive it as a part ofthe bridal procession to the church.
One such bridewain had no less than sixteen oxen yoked to it ;
n.Yks.2 e.Yks. Marshall Rur. Econ. (1788). w.Yks.'
2. The bridal gifts. Dur.', Wm.'
3. A ' bidden ' wedding at which the friends ofthe bride
and bridegroom are expected to contribute presents. See
Infaire.
N.Cy.'. Nhb.' Cum. At a bride-wain (which is the carrying of
a bride home\ ... it is the custom to make presents of money,
&c.. Brand Pop. Antiq. (1848) II. 150 ; An' iv'ry lad or lass they
met, r th' house or out, to the breydevvain They bade that day,
Stagg Brideuain (1805') St. 4; Cum.' Vita. Lonsdale Mag. (1822)
111. 38t ; Wm.' Lakel. Ellwood (1895. Lan.'
BRIDEWELL, sb. Obs. Lin. A prison.
n.Lin.' The bridewell meant the now disused prison of Kirton-
in-Lindsey. ' I will put thee in bridewell to draw at the mill as
long as thou livest,' Bernard Terenee i 1629) 16.
[Bride-well, a house of correction, a prison, Nomencl.
(1585) (Nares). 'Bridewell ' was the name of a house of
correction given to the City of London by Edward VI.
The house was so called from being near St. Bride's
Well, close to St. Bride's Church.]
BRIDGE, sb. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Nhp. Som. Nfld.
1. A weigh-bridge.
N.I.' A coal carter was found to have been abstracting coals
from his own load. ' Ah, ye fool,' said his comrade, ' shure
A toul' 3'e ye had to go over a bridge.'
2. Comb, (i) Bridge Fair, an annual fair held at Peter-
borough ; (2) -rails, malleable iron or steel rails used in
the barrow ways ; (3) -ramps, the ascents to the bridges
over the railway.
(I) Nhp. A'. & Q. (1851) 1st S. iii. 287 ; Grig, held on Oct. 2,
BRIDGE
[401]
BRIEF
but now on the first Wed. and Thurs. in Oct. So called because
it is principally held on land adjacent to the Bridge over the Nen
(P.G.D.V (2 Nhb., Diir. Greenwell Coal T>. Gl. (1849). [In
gcti. use in the rail trade iR.O.H.).] (3) Som. The sloping sides
of the ascent are called the ' ramps ' (W.F.R.).
3. A platform.
[Nfld. Commonly used (G.P.).]
BRIDGE, V. Yks. Lin. [bridg.] To cheapen, beat
down in price; to 'bate.'
n. Yks. Ah bridged him down sixpence (I. W.). e.Yks.' m.Yks.'
I never go to that shop ; they bridge nought w.Yks.* He wouldn't
bridge si.xpence. n.Lin.'
[No but the Lord hadde breiggid tho dayes, Wyclif
(1382) Mark xiii. 20. Aphetic form o^ abridge.']
BRIDGET-IN-HERBRAVERY, sb. Lin. The rose-
campion, Lychnis clialcedonica.
BRIDGNORTH ELECTION, plir. Wor. Shr. In phr.
All on one side, like Bridgnorllt Election, said of anything
which is oblique or out of the perpendicular.
War. (J.W.P.) SUr. Members of the Whitmore families of
Apley,near Bridgnorth, have represented the borough in Parliament
from 1663 to 1870 [with rare exceptions]. . . . The contests were
sometimes sharp, and the saying is prob. due to the . . . predestined
success of the [Tory] Whitmore family, rather than to that of
either political party, Burne Flk-Lore (1883) 592 ; Shr.^
BRIDIE, sb. Sc. [bri-di.j A small mutton or beef
pie with gravy in it, about the size of a teacup saucer.
Frf. A hot sweet-smelling bridie, whose gravy oozed deliciously
through a bursting paper bag, Barrie Tommy (1896) 271 ; Bridies,
which are a sublime kind of pie, ib. 98 ; Well known, but always
called ' Forfar bridie' (.G.W.).
BRIDLE, sb. and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng.
1. sb. In camp, (i) Bridle-arm, the left arm ; (2) -backs,
short pieces of wood nailed across the upper end of the
cupples, just below the hunes; (3) -bands, an arrange-
ment of strings or 'bands' which kept the slide or carriage
of the spinning-jenny at right angles to the sides or
'races'; (4) -duck, the female scaup, /^;(/;^«/rt «;rt/77n ; (5)
•gate, a wooden gate at the end of a ' riding,' or cleared
road, in a wood; (6) -hand, the left hand; (7) -road, (8)
•sty or -style, a road for horses and foot-passengers only;
(9) -tooth, a tooth of a horse which grows out of the side
of the gum; also called -fang; (10) -track, (11) -way,
see -sty.
(i) n.Lin.i (2^ S. & Ork.' (3") w.Yks. The arrangement is still
used in the self acting mules (W.T.). (4) Dub. [So called I from
the broad white band round the base of the bill, Swainson Birds
(1885I 159. (5I w.Yks.2 (6) nXin.' (7) Dur.i n.Yks. (I.W.) ;
tW.H.) Lei.', Nhp.i, War.3 Wor. In the line of an old bridle-
road across the fields. Allies Aiillq. Flk-Lore (1840) 65, ed. 1852.
Oxf. A'. & £>. (i869)4th S. iii. 277. Hat. (,T.PF.) Ken. Grose
(i-jgo) MS. add. (P.) (8) n.Cy. Grose ^1790) ;1/S. nrfrf. (P.) Yks.
TiioRESBY Left. (1703). w.Yks. A string of these primitive
carriers, . . . picking their way ... up the ' bridle stye,' Cud-
worth Maimiitgliam (1896) 328 ; T'bridle sty 'at led onto t'moor,
Preston Ytsiimn. (1880) 54 ; w.Yks.'^ ; w.Yks.^ There was no
cart road to Wakefield, it was only for packhorses ; it was called
Eridlestyle road ; w.Yks.* ne.Lan.' (9) uLm.' There is a silly
superstition that when this malformation occurs in mares the
animals will be barren. (10) n.Wil. Bridle-tracks which once
crossed the country in every direction, Jefferies Wild Life (1879)
97. (11) Nhp.', e.An.'
2. In phr. to bite on the bridle, to suffer hardships, to be
in great straits,
Sc. Let her bite on the bridle when she was living . . . and gie
her a decent burial now she's dead, Scott Bride of Lam. (iSig)
xxiv. w.Yks.', Der.* n.Lia.' Thaay nivcr minded what end went
fost when times was good, soa thaay hev to bite the bridle noo.
3. Obs. An iron frame with a gag, formerly placed as a
punishment on a scold's head and mouth. Also called
Brank, q.v.
[See Obsol. Pmiislimeiils in Chester Archaeol. Jm. II.] Chs.^,
Der.»
4. The head of a plough ; the piece of iron fastened to
the end of the beam of a plough, to which the harness is
attached.
Rxb. The bridle . . . moves upon a strong pin piercing the beam.
VOL. I.
Agric. Siirv. 50 Oam% Suf. Rainbird Agric. (1819) 289, ed.
1849. [Morton Cyclo. Agnc. (1863V]
5. V. To curb, restrain, modify ; to rope a stack.
Elg. A Macgruther, whose forefathers since the flood had been
professors of the bagpipe and would have bridled it into any purpose-
like thing, CouPER Toiirificalions (1803) II. 27. Kcb. ■ A.W.)
Hence (i) Bridled, pp. see below; (2) Bridling-ropes,
sb. pi. ropes used to hold down the thatch on stacks or
roofs of houses.
(i) Frf. The animal is in danger of being bridled. This is
occasioned by the animal's bending its neck extremely to claw Its
throat with its teeth. . . . The teeth often fasten in the wool, so
that it cannot disengage them, Stephens Fanii Bk. (ed. 1849) I.
240. (2'! w. & s.Sc. When the stacks have been built and covered,
ropes of straw are fixed vertically over the thatch ; . . . the bridlin
ropes are then carried round and caught on the vertical ones (Jam.
Stippl.).
6. To raise the head scornfully. Used with prep. up.
n.Lin.' She did bridle up when thaay tell'd her what he'd been a
saayin'.
Hence Bridling, ppl. adj. Of a bitch : maris appefeiis,
w.Yks.'
7. Of barley : to droop when ripe.
Suf. Rainbird Agric. (1819) 2B9, ed. 1849; Only known by old
people, the usual word being ' rein ' (q.v.) (F. H.).
[2. To bite upon the bridle, etre rednit fort a Vetroit,
MiEGE (1679). 3. A brydle for a curste queane, Maccles-
field Corp. Rec. (1623) in Ormerod's Hist. Clis. (ed. 1882)
III. 790. 6. The damoisel was mighty well pleased ; . . .
she bridled, she strutted, and strained to deserve it,
Annals of Love (1672) (Nares).]
BRIDOON, sb. Irel. The snaffle and rein of a bridle.
Ir. Parnell promised them that by and by they would fit tlicse
same mouths [i.e. the landlords'] with bit and bridoon, Standard
(Mar. 2, 1891).
[Bridon, a snaffle, a bit without any branches, Ash
(1795). Fr. bridon, a snaffle (Cotgr.).]
BRIDTHER, see Brither.
BRIEF, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Wor. Shr. Glo. Cmb. e.An.
Ken. Som. Cor. Also written breefSc. Cmb.' ; breifSc.
(Jam.) [brif.]
1. A begging letter, a petition for some charitable object,
gen. signed by some responsible person.
Nhb. A kind neighbour wrote her a brief, Richardson Bor-
derer s Table-bk. (1846) VII. 389; Nhb.' n.Yks. (I.W.) ; n.Yks.'
Many briefs, duly signed by minister and churchwardens, may
commonly be seen still In course of circulation through the country
side in Clevel. ne.Yks.' w.Yks. I never turned my back on a brief
when I went to church, Everett Blnelcsiiiitti (ed. 1834 i loi ; We
had a brief and went round and gathered for him a tidy sum ;A.C.).
w.Wor. He's brought a brief, S. Beauchamp Craiilley Grange
(1874) II. 43. Shr.', Glo. (S.S.B.) Cmb.' I have seen a woman
come up with a brief for the Mayor to sign before she took It
round the town. e.An.* Nrf. 1689. Collected June 17 & 18 on the
briefe for the Irish and Protestants, £■^1 17s. iid., Clitvardcns' Aces.
St. Peter MancrofI, Nonvic/i ; Still In everyday use (J. H."). Ken.
(P M.i; Ken.' Som. To write a bit of a brief vor un (W.F.R.).
w.Som.' Tez u suyt ai'ziur vur t-uurn ubaewt wai u bree-f-n tcz
tu-wuurk [it is much easier to run about with a begging petition
than it Is to work]. w.Cor. (M.A.C.)
2. A funeral or burial club.
w.Yks. Before a womman's wed, hur chap sud be in a brief, so
az shoo may hev summat ta berry him wl', Tom Treddlehovle
Baintsla Ann. (1867) 40; About Leeds, the exact equivalent for a
club of this nature is 'Dead-Brief ; about Halifax, ' DeathBriet'
(C.C.R.) ; Gen. ' funeral brief (S.P.U.).
3. Conip. (i) Brief-club, a burial club; (2) -nights, the
nights on which the committee of a 'brief meet to
transact business.
w.Yks. ( 1 1 Deceased was a member of the brief-club, N. o-' Q.
I 1876) 5th S. V. 325. (2) (C.C.R.)
4. A spell, charm.
Sc. The brief was out, 'tvi-as him it doom'd The merm.iid's face
to see, FiNLAY Ballads (18081 II. 85 (Jam. 1. Ayr. Ye surely hae
some warlock-breef Owre human hearts, Burns To J. Sinilli
(1785) St. I.
5. A railway ticket. Also in comp. Brief-jigger, railway
ticket-office.
Slang. Took a brief to London Bridge, Horslzv Jottings (1887) I.
3F
BRIEF
[402]
BRILLIANT
Cant. The milingtary-lookin' swell ... as run his rule over you
in the push by the brief-jigger, Carew Autob. Gypsy (1891)
XXXV.
[1. The frere . . . cam with hus letteres Baldely to the
bushope and hus breef hadde, P. Ploimnan (c.) xxiii. 327.
Fr. bref, 'courte lettre officielle ' (Hatzfeld).]
BRIEF, adj. and adv. Sc. n.Cy. Chs. Der. Lin. Lei.
Nhp. War. Shr. Bdf. Ken. Amer. [brif.]
1. adj. Plentiful, frequent, common.
Chs. Still in use. Fleigh [flees] are very brief this whot weather
(E.G.) ; Chs.* Shr. Of the gloomy Bomere Pool legends are brief,
BuRNE/Vjt-Z.o«(i883J viii. Ken. Used to denote the plentifulness
of blackbeetles (P.M.) ; Ken.' ; Ken.^ Wipers are wery brief here.
2. Of diseases or epidemics : rife, prevalent.
n.Cy. Grose !I79o) Siippl. Chs.'^; chs.^ Smallpox is very
brief s.Chs.' Meezlz ur ver'i breef ubaay t [measles are very
brief abait]. Der.', Lei.', Nhp.' 2 War. B'imiii IVity. Post {June
ID, 1893); War.'2* Shr.' Han yore childern 'ad the maizles ? I
'ear as a bin mighty brif about. Bdf. An illness is said to be ' very
brief about' (J.W.B.') ; Colds are very brief, Batchelor Anal.
Eiig. Lang. ('1809') 127. [U.S.A. Much used in the interior of New
England and in Virginia, Bartlltt i 1859).]
3. Busy, bustling; quick; energetic.
S. & Ork.' Shr.' 'Er wuz that brif about clanin' the 'ouse down
w'en I seed 'er. Now then, be brif an' finish that job.
4. Clever, apt, keen.
Abd. A brief joke or saying (G.W.). Ags. A brief discourse, a
good sermon. He gae us a very brief sermon (Jam.).
5. adv. Quickly, swiftly, rapidly.
n.Lln. He went along as brief as a yung man, fer all he was soa
ohd, Lin. N. & Q. (July 1890I.
[Brief, rife or common, Phillips (1706).]
BRIEKIT, ppl. adj S. & Ork.' Of sheep: parti-
coloured, brindled, having white legs and belly. See
Brook, V.''
BRIERS, sb.^ pi. Sc. Written breeirs Bnff.' [briarz.]
The eyelashes. Also used jig.
Abd. ' Hingin' by the briers o ' the een' is used metaph. of one in
a shaky condition (W.M.). Bnff. Breears o' the een (W.G.);
Bnff.'
[Conn. w. bree, sb.^ Cp. ciliiim, brye. Hail. MS. (c. 1450)
in Wright's Voc. (1884) 631.]
BRIERS, si.''/'/. Nhb.' Beams or girders fixed across
a shaft top.
BRIESTYE, see Breast-hee.
BRIGANER, sb. Sc. Also in form brigander Bnff.'
[bri'ganar.]
1. A robber, brigand.
Sc. This Patrick Ger, ... a notable thief, robber and briganer,
Spalding Hist. Sc. (1792^ I. 31 (Jam.) ; I did na care to stilp upo'
my queets, for fear o' the briganers, Forbes y^i. (1742) 6 (,i6.;.
2. A person of rude, boisterous habits. Bnff.'
[Brigand + -er, as in barrister, c/ioris/er.]
BRIGDA, sb. Sc. Also written brigdie (Jam.), [bri-gda,
bri-gdi.] The basking shark, Squalus maxiiitus.
n.Sc, Sh.I. It is called pricker, and brigdie, Neill Fishes (1810)
26 (Jam.). Sh.I. iW.A.G.) S. & Ork.'
[Norw. dial, brygda, also brtigda, brogda (Aasen, 84).]
BRIGDER, sb. Sc. Also in form brig, brigger (Jam.
Stippl.). The small cord or twisted hair to which a fish-
ing-hook or a cast of flies is attached.
S. & Ork.' Sh.I., w.Sc. (Jam. Suppl.)
[Conn. w. Norw. dial, brigda, to twist (Aasen).]
BRIG(G, sb. and v. In gen. dial, use in Sc. and n. and
midl. counties to Nhp. Bdt. Hnt. Cmb. e.An. [brig.]
1. sb. A bridge.
Sc. Hackstoun of Rathillet keepit the brigg wi' musket, carbine,
and pike, Scorr Bride 0/ Lam. (1819) xxiv. n.Sc. ' Brig on ahair'
is a very narrow bridge (Jam.). Abd. The venerable Bow brig,
the oldest bridge in Aberdeen, Smiies Natur. (1876I ii ; The Ian'
stells o' the brig, Alexander Johnny Gibb (1871) xviii. Frf. By
the auld brig that spans the wee burnie, Watt Sketches (1880) 48.
Ayr. Sweeps dams, an' mills, an' brigs, a' to the gate. Burns
Brigs of Ayr '1787) st. 7. Edb. Replacing his glasses on the brig
of his nose, Moir Mansie IVauch (1828) xi. Bwk. Hyndhaugh
brig, and Hyndhaugh brae, Henderson Pop. Rhymes (1856) 21.
N.Cy.' Nhb. Gan over t'brig, Clare Love 0/ Lass (18901 I. 65 ;
Nhb.', Dur.' Cum. At Carcl the brig's tummcl'd down, Anderson
Ballads (1808) Nicol the Newsmonger. Wm.', n.Yks.' 23 ne.Yks.'
Hez t'brigg brok ? e.Yks. As ther was neeah brig he was fooact
ti lowp ower it, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889) 36; e.Yks.', m.Yks.'
w.Yks. Every one praises t'brig they go ower, Prov. in Brighoiise
A'«i'S ',Aug. 10, 1889) ; w.Yks. '2345 Lan. Nearly scrapin' th' skin
off th' brigov his nose, Standing £f/;ofs (1885) 22 ; Lan.',n.Laa.',
e.Lan.', m Lan.', Der.' Not. A war crossing the foot-brig (L. CM.) ;
Not.', s.Not (J P.K.) Lin. I'll run up to the brig, Tennyson iV.
Farmer, Neiv Style (1870) St. 14. n.Lin. Sutton Wds. (1881);
n.Lin.', sw Lin.', Rut.' Lei. She lives down brigs (C.E. ) ; Lei.',
Nhp. '2 Bdf. Batchelor Anal. Eng. Lang. 1,1809) 127. Hnt.
(.T.P.F.) Cmb. Ray 11691 . e.An.'
2. Comp. (I) Brig-end, (2) -foot, the foot or end of
a bridge; (3) -hable or -hebble, the wall or parapet of a
bridge ; (4) -hole, the archway of a bridge ; (5) -stone,
{a) a stone culvert or drain ; {b) pi. the flagstones over
a drain or waterway ; (6) -stowers, the timber-lengths
used to strengthen the props or supports of a wooden
bridge ; (7) -'s-wath, the part where the stream is bridged
over.
(i) Gall. I was . . . standin' on the brig-end o' Dcvorgill,
C-Rozv.-e.Tt Raiders (1894"! xliv. (2) n.Yks.* (^3) w.Yks. Ah hurt
mi shoolder agean a brig-hebble (S.K.C. ). e.Lan.' (4) Lei.'
' Doon't pull so 'ard theer, under the brig-ools,' [said] to a barge-
horse driver by a canal bridge. (5, a) n.Yks. A brigstone is a kind
of rough conduit for water across a gate-stead, Atkinson Moorl.
Palish ^I89H 64 ; (T.S.); n.Yks.' ; (b) n.Yks.'^ (6, 7) n.Yks.2
3. A wooden frame placed over a tub to siipport the
'tems' or strainer used in brewing, and the 'sile' in
dairy work. Gen. used in pi.
n.Cy. Grose (1790,1 A/S. tio'rf. P.) Wm.' ne.Yks.' In common
use. e.Yks.' w.Yks. The ' tems and brigs ' were formerly to be
seen in nearly every cottage (J.T.) ; w.Yks. '^3, ne.Lan.' Der.
A pair of cheese briggs, Cox Churches (1877) III. 225. Not.
( J.H.B.) ; Not.' s.Not. So called because it is somewhat in the
fashion of a bridge (J.P.K.). n.Lin.' Lei.' Sometimes a forked
stick is substituted, called a 'pair of brigs.' Nhp.'
4. //. Irons set over the fire to support pots and pans.
w.Yks.'^ Lan. Grose (1790) MS. add. {C.) ; Lan.', e.Lan.'
5. V. To build or throw a bridge over.
Lnk. To brig a burn ( Jam."). n.Yks.', w.Yks.^
[ME. brig (Cursor M. 8945) ; OE. brycg.\
BRIGGER, see Brigder.
BRIGHT, sb. Yks. [brit.]
1. A clever contrivance.
w.Yks. Of a small mechanical toy : ' Well, that's a bright, reight
enough ! ' (B.K.) ; w.Yks.^ There's allys new breets.
2. In phr. to strike a bright, to awaken a new train of
thoughts, ideas.
w.Yks. When Ah tell'd him that, it struck a bright intul him
(S.K.C).
3. A prank, trick.
w.Yks. We bed a bit ov a bright on wi him efter t'pub lowsed
(B.K.i.
BRIGHT, adj. e.An. Of marshes : covered with
water.
e.An.' The marshes are bright to-day. Nrf. Cozens-Hardy
Broad Nrf. (1893^1 78.
BRIGHTEN, s6. Hmp. A species of lichen.
Hmp. For weak eyes, brighten, another lichen, is recommended,
Wise New Forest (1883) 176; Hmp.'
BRIGHTEN, v. Yks. Also written breeten w.Yks.
[britan.] To make bright or quick (refl.); to become
quick.
w.Yks. Come lad, breeghten thisen ! (.^.B.); Thah mun
brighten a bit moor if thah meeans to get up to him iB.K.); Tha'U
ha' to breeten if tha means hevin' done afore dinner, Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (Dec. 9, 1891).
BRIGHT-EYE, sb. Dev. The lesser celandine.
Ranunculus ficaria.
Dev. Bright-eye, with its glossy leaves, Bray Desc. Tamar and
Taw (1836) I. 318.
BRIHAM, see Bargham.
BRIKKER, see Breaker.
BRILLIANT, sb. Lon. A sweetmeat.
Lon. Sugar constitutes the base of an almost innumerable v.iriety
of hard confectionary, sold under the names of lozenges, brilliants,
Mavhew Lond. Labour (1851) I. 204.
BRILLS
[403]
BRINDY
BRILLS, sb.pl. Sc. Irel. Written breels Sc. fjAM.)
[brilz, brilz.] Spectacles, esp. double-jointed ones.
Cld. (Jam.) N.I.' Ar.t Balhiiieiia Obs. 1893 .
[Dii. biil (pi. brillen), a pair of spectacles (Hexham);
G. hriUe.^
BRIM, sb} and v?- Sc. Irel. Wm. Chs. Lin. Som.
[brim.]
1. sb. A bank or hedge-side covered with brambles or
other wild undergrowth. w.Som.' [brum.]
2. Fig. The me.isure of endurance.
Wm. Ah was full up ta t'brim wi" bother o' yah sooart er
anuddcr (B. K. ).
Hence Brimful, adj., fig. full of sorrow or anger.
Lth. To sigh ower the days o' auld lang syne Wi* brimfou' bosom
an' tcarfu' ee, Ballantine Poems (1856) 115. Wm. He was
brim full an' t'tears wor rowlin' doon his cheek. He wor savin'
'at Ah wor a leer, see Ah went tue him, theer an' than, brim-full as
Ah wor (B.K.).
3. V. Used in form fi) Brimmed, pp. flooded, full ; (2)
Brimming, ppl. adj. full to the brim, overflowing; (3)
Brimming over, /i/tr. overfull, overflowing.
([) Lin. The tankards brimmed with beer, Brown Lit. Lanr.
(1890) 65. (2) Sc. A deep lock that's aye kept brimming with the
hundreds of wee watercourses. Whitehead Daft Davie u8'76i
180. ed. 1894. Ir. It glistened and shimmered in many abrimming
pool. Barlow Idylls 11892") 202. Ant. Ballymei:a Obs. (1892). (3,1
Clis.' Yon pot's brimniin o'er.
BRIM, v.^ and sb.^ In gen. dial, use in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Written bream n.Lm.'; bream Sc. (Jam.); brem
Glo.'^ Ken. ; breme N.Cy.' Wm. n.Yks.' [brim, brim.]
1. V. Of swine: to be in heat, to copulate.
N.Cy.*, Ntib.*, Dur.^ Wm. The sew was bremed with a prize
boar (B.K.). n Yks.Ah've gotten t'sew brimmed (T.S.) ; n."ifks.'
e Yks. Marshall Rur. Eton. (1788) ; e.Yks.', w.Yks.=, Clis.i^,
s.Chs.', Der.i, Lei.i, War.3, GIo.>2
Hence (i) Brimmed, pp. covered by a boar; (2) Brim-
mer, sb. a sow in kind ; (3) Brimming, (a) vbl. sb. the
restless state of sows when at heat ; (b) ppl. adj. of a sow:
maris appetens \ (4) Brimward, adj. of a sow : maris
appctens.
Vi) Lan. (J.L,") Lan., Ctis. Morton Cyclo. Agric. (i863\ (2)
Nhb.i (3, a) e.Yks. Marshall /?«»-. £ra«. (1788) ; (J.N.) n.Lin.i
[Mayer Sptsnm's Diiectorv '1845) 144.] {b) Rxt). (Jam."i Ant.
Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) Dur.', e.Dur.i w.Yks. (C W.H.),
ne.Lan.', e.Lan.^, Clis.' =3, Der.^, nw.Der.i Suf., Ken,, Sus. Hollo-
way. Ken. (P.M.) (4) Dor. Barnes Gl. (1863) ; Dor.i
2. sb. The heat in sows.
n.Cy. HoLLOWAY. w.Yks.' e.An.' We say, 'sow goes to brim';
but we never call the boar a brim.
3. A boar.
s.Ste.Cy. Ray (i69rX n.Lin.i, se Wor.>, s. Wor. (H.K.), s.Wor ',
GIo."2, Suf.i Ken. A sow when brimming goes to brim (K..).
4. A harlot, strumpet, trull.
Ltli. (Jam.1, GI0.2, e.An.i Slang. Farmer.
[1. ME. brintitien (Straimann). Cp. Du. bremen, to
burn with lust or desire (Hexham).]
BRIM, v.^ e.An. [Not known to our correspondents.]
Past tense of /o broom, or sweep with a broom.
e.An.i I brim up all the muck I could.
BRIM, see Bream.
BRIMBLE, see Bramble.
BRIME, sb. Sc. [braim.] Brine, pickle, salt.
Sc. As saut's brime (Jam.). Dmb. Steep in brime o' yer ain
sautin'. Cross Disruption (1844) xxviii.
BRIME, V. Cor. [Not known to our correspondents.]
To flash up, to blaze.
Cor. ' To brime a boat ' is to melt the pitch on it by applying a
flame of fire to it, N. & Q. (1854) ist S. x. 179.
BRIME, see Bargham.
BRIMELD, sb. S. & Ork.^ A very old female seal.
[Norw. dial, brimul, for older bremulv (Aasen).]
BRIMING, sb. Cor. Also in form breaming Cor.''
brimming Cor.^ [brimin, bri'min.] Phosphorescence
ot the sea. See Briny.
Cor. The briming, or light excited at night in sea-water by any-
thing that disturbs it, Quiller-Couch Hist. Folperro (187 1) 107 ;
A^. & Q. (1850, ist S. X. 179; Cor.i2
BRIMMEL, see Bramble.
BRIMMER, sb.^ Suf. [bri-m3(r).] A bumper.
Suf. Very common (F.H.); Suf.' ["There is no deceit in a
brimmer, Ray Prov. (16781 3.]
BRIMMER, sb.'^ Brks. Wil. [brim3(r).] A broad-
brimmed hat. Brks.', Wil.'
Hence Brimmin-tucker, sb. a new hat. Wil. (G.E.D.)
BRIMMING, ppl. adj. Nhb. [bri'min.] Of soil or
earth : having a mellow and crumbly appearance.
n.Cy. Hunter Georgical Essays (1803-41 I- '57, '" ^V. 6* Q.
1887) 7th S. iv. 22. Nhb. ' Nivversou corn till the land's brimmin'.'
Corn sown at that juncture is almost immediately germinated
vR.O,H.\
BRIMS, sb. Ken. Also in forms brimsey, brimp
Ken,' [brimz.] The gadfly. See Breeze, 56.'
Ken. De ole cow's got de brimps (P.M.) ; * You have a brims in
your tail ' ; said of a restless person (K.) ; Ken.'*
[ Tahon,a. brizze,briinsee, Cotgr. Oli. brims (Fritzner) ;
G. brenise.]
BRIM-SAND, sb. Dor. Sea-sand. Dor. Gl. (1851).
BRIMSEY, see Brims.
BRIMSEY BROWN, /i/<r Irel. An undecided colour.
Ant. It's a brimsy brown, the colour of a mouse's diddy, Bally
mnia Obs. ri892'.
BRIMSTONE, sb. Sc. Yks. Lon. Hmp. [brimstan.]
1. A match-seller.
Lon. I inquired of some of the present race of match sellers
what became of the * old brimstones,* Mayhew Loud. Labour
(1851) I. 431.
2. A word of abuse, used al/nb.
Sc. Yon brimstane hussies, Wilson 7Vi/<'S''i836'' IT. 165. n.Yks.'
Brimstone weean, a female fury. Brimstone ("ang'd.hot inaction,
as one who fights with her fists and nails. I.W.* Goo along, you
brimstooun bitch.
BRIMTUD, sb. S. & Ork.' The sound of waves
dashing on the shore.
[Norw. dial, brimlol, the roar of the waves dashing on
the rocks (Aasen).]
BRIN, sA.' S. & Ork.' [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] A brook or rivulet.
[Sw. bruitit, a well (Widegren) ; ON. briiiiiir.]
BRIN, sb.^ Obsol. Dev. Strong linen.
Dev. (R.P.C.); Yii'd best git zome brin ; tez 'mazing strong stuff,
an' 'tweel bear a rug an' a tug, Hewett Peas. Sf>. U892) ; Git a
vew yards ov pulleree-alleree, 'tez za gude as old-fashioned brin,
ib. 125,
BRINDED, ppl. adj? Der. Not. Wil. Som. Written
brineded Som. [brindid.] Brindled, streaked, of a
light-brown approaching to dun, red-brown. Cf branded.
Der.i, Not. (I.H.B.) Wil. Davis ^^w. (1813). Som. W. & J.
Gl. ( 1873) ; (W.P.W.)
[Thrice the brinded cat hath mew'd, Shaks. Macb. iv.
i. I.]
BRINDED, ppl. adp Dev. [bri ndid.] Angry, frown-
ing, sour-lookmg. Cf brindle, v.
Dev. 7(1. Times (Mar, 12, 18861 6, col. 4. n.Dev. 'S a bibbling,
boostering, brinded chap, RocKy/»;n/<' A'<//(i867) St. 85. Dev.' Es
maester look'd brinded upon en, 17.
BRINDLE, V. Lan. Hmp. [brindl.]
1. To be irritated, show resentment ; to bridle up. Cf.
brinded, ppl. adj.^
Lan.' He brindled up as soon as aw spoke to him.
2. In phr. a brindled look. Hmp. (J.R.W.) ; Hmp.'
[A freq. fr. stem bread-, to burn ; cp. MDu. brenden
(OuDEMANs) ; Tin. braitden (Hexham).]
BRINDLED, ppl. adj. Wm. Lan. Der. Lin. Som.
[brindid.]
1. Coloured in stripes ; of a black colour with lighter
markings ; gen. of cattle.
Wm. T'auld brindled coo wants milkm (B.K.). Lan. (S.W.),
e.Lan.' s.Lan. Bamford Dial. (1854"!. Der.', n.Lin,' w.Som.'
Buurn -did. Applied only to cattle, implying nearly similar markings
on a cow to those on a tabby cat. [Mayer Sptsnm's Directoiy
(1845) I47-] . , .
2. Of bricks : of blue and red colour, owmg to their
being imperfectly burnt. Lan. (S.W.)
BRINDY, sb. Der. Wor. [bri'ndi.] A nickname
given to a person with red hair, or a cow of a red-brown
3 F2
BRINDZEY
[404]
BRING GOING
or dark-red colour. Cf. blinded, />/>/. adj} Der.', ne.Wor.
(JAV.P.)
BRINDZEY, adj. Som. [brinzi.] Of a brown colour,
with an intermixture of other colours, usually black.
Som. A briiidzey-coloured short-hair dog, Advt. in Bristol Paper
(1876 ; (W.F.R. 1
[Conn. w. blinded, ppl. adj.* ; formed on the analogy of
linscy-ivoolsey.]
BRINE, sb. and v} Chs. Lin. Ken. Also written
brian n.Lin.'
1. sb. In phr. blessing the brine. Obs.
Chs.' On Ascension Day, in days long past, the inhabitants of
Nantwych used to assemble in gala dress round the ' Old Blat *
Salt Pit. and pass the day in dancing, feasting, and merriment.
This was called 'blessing the brine,' Leigh Bal.'ads, 62.
Hence Briner, sb. an old term for a worker at the salt-
mines.
Ctis.i The briners sometimes goe about to cleanse the pitt, P/i<7.
Trans. (1669) 1061.
2. Conip. (i) Brine-pit, a salt-spring; (2) -tub, the tub
in which pork is salted.
(I) Clis. The salt spring, or 'as they call it) the brine-pit, is near
the river, Ray Ace. 0/ Salt (1691); Chs.' (2) Paid for a brin
tubb for the poor House, 13s., Pluckhy Overseers' Ace. ;Oct. 31,
1787^-
3. V. To dress wheat with brine to prevent the smut. Obs.
n.Lin.* In 1645 Abel Barker ordered his servant to buy wheat
and have it brined after the Lincolnshire fashion to avoid blasting,
Hist. MSS. Com. V. 384.
[3. 'Tis yearly practiced thus to brine their fields.
Plot O.xf. ( 1677) 39.]
BRINE, t^.2 Obs. Nrf Suf To bring.
Nrf. Grose (1790). Suf. ^K.) ; Brine it hither, Ray (1691) ;
Bailey (1721 i.
BRINEDED, see Brinded.
BRING, V. Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
I. Grammatical forms, in var. dial, and lit. meanings.
1. Pret. Tense: (i) Braa't, (2) Brang, (3) Branged, 4)
Breng, (5) Broft, (6) Brong, (7) Brote, (8) Brout, (9)
Browt, (10) Brung.
(i)w.Som. Elworthy Gram. (1877) 45. (2) Sc. Beath boil'd
an' roast aiild Bessie brang, NicoL Poems f 1805 . L 143 f Jam.) ;
Murray Dial. (.1873) 203. Abd. I scarce could hide the tear it
brang, Thom Rhymes (1844) 121. Dur.' Cum. Two brayzent
fellows. . . brangoot a quart in ayder hand, Dickinson Z.«ih/>/«^/i
(1856) 4 ; Cum.' Wm. & Cum.' Sea monny fwoke thes upshot
brang, 199. w.Yks. Lucas SIihI. Nictilerdale {c. 1882,238. Suf.
Common I, F.H.). (3) lA. (4) w.Yks. Brei). Wright Gtoxi. JK«rf/i//.
(1892) 132. (5) Cor. He broft up a g'eat rule, Higham Dial.
(18661 16. (6) Nhb.' He brong it aall on liissel. Cum. Ther thy
raudder brong thee furth, Rayson Sng. Sol. 1 1859' viii. 5 ; Cum.' ;
Cum.^ Many a frind an' relation an' neighbour Brong hints an'
queer teeals, 43. Lan.', n.Lan.' fv) Not. (J.H B.), Suf. iC.G.B.),
E s.' (8 Nhb. They . , . brout them oup to men and women,
Bewick //ozi'rfy (1850) 11 ; Nhb.' w.Yks. 'Brout* is also much
used, but is not so common as the strong forms, Wright Gram.
JVnci/ill (1892)133; w.Yks.' (91 Nhb. The Lord browt us heam
agean empy, Robson Bk. of Ruth (i86o) i. 21 ; Nhb.' He browt
his fether win him. Cum. Thoo browt me in, Farrall Betty
Wihon (1886) 153. Wm. (B.K.), n.Yks.^ 3, w.Yks. (G.B.W.)
Lan. Then they browt him whoam, Fothercill Probation (1879)
XV. Chs.' Lin. Sa I browt tha down, Tennyson Oivd Rod
(1889) ; Lin.' She browt me to a stand, 233. Nrf. He browt me
to the faastin'-house, Gillett Stig. Sol. (i860) ii. 4. do) Ir. In
common use (J.S.). Ant It was her brung it W.H.P. . Lan.'
Suf. : F.H.) ; (C.G.B.) Sus. Obsol. He brung 'n along iG.A.W.\
2. Pp. : (1) Braat, (2) Brang, (3) Brocht, (4) Broft, (5)
Brong, (6) Brongen, (7) Brote, (8) Browcht, (9) Browt,
(10) Browten, (11) Brung.
(i) w.Som. Aa-v-6e braa t dhu plaa-ns ? Elworthy Gram. (1877)
51. (2 Sc. When the barley and meal was brang hame. Ballads
11885: 233 Abd. (G.W.) (3) Sc. I'll get them brocht up some
way, Swan Gates of Eden 1 1 895 ii. Abd. Nane o' them hed brocht
a Bible. Ale.xander yo/;H«v Gtbb fiSTi) -xviii. (4) Cor. See what
things you have broft hum'too, Tregellas Tales (1865) 87; Cor.'
She was broft home in a cart; Cor.^ 95. (5; Nhb.' If ye'd oney
brong it seuner. Cum. The king hes brong me intui his chammars,
Rayson Sng. Sol. (1859} i. 4 ; Cum.' (6) Nhb.' (7 i Not.', s.Not.
(J.P.K.) Dor.' Never ax nar hook Be brote to spwile his stiately
look, 70. ^8) Sc. Mukray Dial. (1873) 200. (9) Nhb. She wis
browt te bed iv a son, Robson Bk. of Ruth (i860) iv. 13. e.Dur.'
Wm. Thoo hessant browt a single hopany heeam. Spec. Dial. (1885)
pt. iii. 6. n.Yks. Mun yah day be te judgment browt, Castillo
Poems (1878 47 ; n.Yks. 2, e.Yks.' w.Yks. Varry particular
abaht ma being reyt browt up, Cudworth Dial. Sketches (1884)
15. Lan. Hoo's been browt up boi a naunt, Kay-Shuttleworth
Scarsdale (i860) II. 287. n.Lan. T'king hez browt ma inta his
rowms, Phizackerley Sng. Sol. (i860) i. 4. (10) Nhb.' It's a
wonder he hadn't browten his grandfether. e.Yks.' Lan. Han
yo fowghten ? — Yoi ; un' a browten abit'n im whoam i' ma pocket!
Gaskell Lectures Dial. (1854)26; What's browten? Burnett
Loivrie's (1877) xxiii. (11 ) Sc. Murray Dial. (1873) 203. Ir.
Common(J.S.). Ant. (A.J. I.' MycI'll wantherbrungintoWistport
before long. Stoker Snake's Pass (1891) vi. e.Dur.' w.Yks. I'll
not take 'em ; I'll have 'em brung (HL.); Brui], Wright Gram.
IVndhll. (1892) 132. Lan.' Hasn't thae brung mi baggin ? Nrf.
(A G.F.),Suf.i F.H.) Sus.De king has brung me into his chambers,
Lower Sng. Sol. (i860) i. 4 ; Obsol. (G.A.W.)
II. Dial, meanings.
1. In phr. (I) /o bring forth, to lead to the grave; (2)
— home, to bury at home ; (3) — in, to convert ; (4)
-ing in, the formal reception of a convert among the
Dissenting bodies ; (5) — in, to recollect, recognize ; (6)
— off, to hatch and bring from the nest; (7) — on, to
teach, train ; (8) — out, (n) to give birth to; (b) to bury;
(9I — lip, (a) to rear young; (b) to stop, bring to a stand-
still; (10) — up against, (a) to accuse, charge; (b) to
come in contact with ; (11) — and take, fetch and carry;
(12) -ni-near, a spy-glass.
(i) w.Yks. Common (G.B.W.) ; w.Yks.2 (2) Ir. The people of
a Roman Catholic priest often want to bring him home, unless the
priest has willed where he is to be buried, Flk-LoreRcc. (i88i) IV.
121. (3) n.Cy. T Salvation Army brought in many at their service
(B. K.). n.Lin. Thaay wasn't as setten on bringin' foaks in as thaay
hed been afoor, Peacock Tales and Rhymes 18S6 104; n.Lin.'
(4) w.Yks. Nor had she for many a day shown me ought but a
cheerful face; especially since my bringing-in at chapel, Snowden
li'eb of Weaver (1896; xvii. (5) Suf. I can't fare to bring him
in nohow (C.G B.) ; e.An. Dy. Times (1892^ (6) n.Lin. That
theare last cletch 'at graay hen's browt off, Peacock Tales and
Rhymes (18861 106. s.Lin. (T.H R.) (7) w Som.' Aay shl bring
un au-n tu roa'pee, aa'dr u beet [I shall train him to the trade of
a ropcmaker, after a while]. (8, a) Wm. Has thy rabbit browt oot
yet? (B.K.) (i n.Yks.'; n.Yks.2 MensefuUy through the worid,
and at last mensefully brought out (s.v. Mensefuli. (9, «) n.Lin.'
Oor bitch broht up three pups last time. (A) e.An.' He brought up
before me. [When a young fellow is once brought up by a pretty
wench, Smollett P. Pickle \\i^\)\yiv\\.'\ (10, «) n.Lin.' I wod niver
bring up agean an ohd man what he did when he was a lad. (6)
ib. His herse broht up agean George Todd hoose corner an' knock't
a lot o' stoans oot. (ii! Ir. (G.M.H.); Common fj S.). (12) ib.
So he ups with his bring 'm near. Lover Leg. (1848J I. 163. n.Ir.
(A J.I.)
2. To take.
Ir. Will you bring me with you \ N. & Q. (1888) 7th S. vi. 225 ;
In common use (J.S.). n.Ir. (A.J.I.)
3. Of the wind : to raise.
Cor. The wind brings the pilmc [dust], Hunt Pop. Rom. w.Eng.
(18651 IL 245.
4. To hit, strike, give a blow.
Cum. Brong sniftering Gwordie a duff, Anderson Clay Danbin'
(1808) St. 14 ; Than Billy . . . Brang him a gud whelt o' the lug,
Gilpin Ballads (1874) 230 ; Occas. used, but ' fetch ' is the more
common term (J. A.).
BRING GOmG, phr. Dor. Som. Dev.
1. To accompany some distance on a journey ; to conduct,
point out the way. Cf agatewards.
Dor. Well I shoU goo and bring ye gwain, YovtiG Rabin Hill
(1867J pt. ii. 9 ; You brought us gwain o' Zundays. Barnes Poems
(1879) 18. Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (18251 ; W. & J.
G/. (1873); SwEETMAN ll'incanton Gl. {1885). w.Som.' Wee ul
bring ee gwai'n su vaa rz dhu vaawur krau's wai. Dev.^ I'll bring
'e gwaine part the way 'ome, or mayhap yQ'll be pixie-led I
2. To get rid of. Som. W. & J. Gi. (1873).
3. To spend recklessly, profusely.
Som. W. & J. Gt. (18731 ; Jennings Obs. Dial. iv.Eng. (1825).
w.Som.' Dhu yuung Mae ustur Luuk'ees-v u-braa t gwain au-l-v
BRINK
[405]
BRISTOVV
u-gaut [young Mr. Lucas has spent all he has]. Dev.' ; Dev.^
I've brought going a sight o' cash, and there's nort tQ show vor't.
4. To kill or pass the time.
Dev.s Us can dQ a bit ov work tO bringgwaine the time.
nw.Dev. You might take a hook and trim out the hedges, or bring
going your time in more ways than one (R.P.C.).
BRINK, s4.i Dur. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Ilrf. Cmb.
e.An. [brirjk.]
1. The edge of a hill ; the bank by the side of a river.
Cmb.' Two parades by the side of the Great River at Wisbech are
called the North and South Brinks. [KENNETrPar.AHliq. (1695.]
Hence (i) Brinkers, sb.pl. the riparian owners on the
rivers Wye and Lug ; (2) -side, sb. the river-bank ; (3)
-ware, sb. small faggots, gen. made of whitethorn, used to
repair the banks of rivers.
(I) Hrf. a: O' Q. (1879) 5th S. xi. 345. (a) e.Dnr.i It's i' the
brinkside. (3) e.An.', Nrf.'
2. The brim of a hat. Gen. used in //.
s.Not (J.P.K.), S.Lin. (T.H.R.) sw.Lin.' The hat looked very
niced with its stiff brinks. Lei.' Nhp. H.it of rusty brown.
Stranger to brinks and often to a crown, Clake Poems i,i82ij II.
68. War.3
Hence Brinked, ppl. adj. having a brim.
Lin. He had on a narrow-brinked hat (R.E C).
BRINK, s6.« Cor.'* [brirjk.] The gill of a fish.
[Cp. Bret, brenk (Du Rusquec) ; Fr. branchies, the gills
of a fish ; Gr. /3puy;^ia.]
BRINKIE, sb. Bnff.i Also in form brinkum. A
comely person of a lively disposition.
BRINKUM, see Brinkie.
BRIN(N, sb. Obs. > Sc. A ray, beam, flash.
n.Sc. (Jam.) Abd. An' blink wi skyrin' brinns, Forbes Aja.x
(1742) 10.
[Cp. OE. bryne, burning, heat.]
BRINY, adj. Cor. Of the sea: luminous, phospho-
rescent. Cor.' See Briming.
Hence Briny, sb. (?) the phosphorescent sparkling of
the sea at night. Cor.*
BRIS, sb. S. & Ork.* A break, rent, crack, rupture.
BRISED, see Brizzed.
BRISK, s6. LW.'* [brij.] A brush.
[OFr. broisse, a brush (Hatzfeld, s.v. Brosse)."]
BRISK, V. and adv. Sus. Hmp. LW. [briJ.]
1. V. To move quickly, swiftly. Cf brush.
Sus. De storm, however, blow'd away, An we brish'd on quite
well. Lower Jan Cladpole 1 1872) 1. 47 ; (F E.)
2. With over: to jump nimbly over anything.
I.W.' Come, brishauver the gheeat ; I.W.*
3. adv. Quickly, nimbly.
Sus. Swish and brish he bowl'd away home, Jackson Southward
Ho ( 1894) I. 339.
Hence Brish-athert, adv. straight across. Hmp., LW.
(H.C.M.B.)
BRISH, see Brush.
BRISK, sb. Gmg. [brask.] The side of a hill or
mountain under cultivation ; the foot of a hill. ( W.M.M.)
BRISKEN, V. Sc. Yks. [briskan.] With up: to
refresh, to become more lively, animated.
Sc. It will brisken you up, Stevenson Ballantrae (1889) 225.
n-Yks. (I.W.) e.Yks.i MS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks.'
Hence Briskened, />/>. revived, enlivened. n.Yks.*
\Brisk (fresh) -t--^«, as m freshen.\
BRISKET, sb. Sc. Yks. In form bisket Sc. (Jam.) ;
brusket w.Yks.* [bri'skit] The breast ; stomach.
Sc. Down through the fair wi' kilted coats, White legs and
briskets bare, Morison Poems (1790) 15 (Jam.). Slk. O'er
muckle marth i' the back, an' meldar i' the brusket, Hogg Perils
of Man (1822) I. 55 iiA.). Rxb. Upon his brisket She saw a Heclan'
dirk or star, Riddell Poet, Wks. (1871) II. 133. w.Yks.^ To be
'fast in t'brusket' is said of a person who has eaten some in-
digestible food.
[A brusket, pcdusadum, Calli. Angi. (1483). Cp. Fr.
btrchet; OFr. brichet, bruchel (Hatzfeld).]
BRISKIE.s*. Kcb. [briski.] The chaffinch, Fn/i^/Z/a
coelchs. Also called Brisk Finch.
Kcb. [So called] from its smart, lively activity, Sw.mnson Birds
(1885)63.
BRISMAC, sb. n.Sc. Also written brismak. The
young tusk fish, Brosmitts vulgaris.
Sh.I. The torsk, often called the tusk and brismac, is the most
valued of all the cod kind, Ess. lli^hl. Soc. 111. 15 (.Jam.).
S. & Ork.' [Satchell (1879 .]
[Norw. dial, brosina, also bresina (Aasen).]
BRISS, i-6.' Irel. Also written brishe. [bris, bri/.]
A smash ; broken pieces, httle bits.
Wxf. She let go the saucer, . . . and down it came, . . . and wsis
made brishe of in a minute, Kennedy Bants Boro 'j86-i) 216 ; It's
wonderful the way the heart can be made brishe ov. Shamrock
Mag. (1894)444; ' Briss' is more refined than ' brish' (P.J. M.).
[Ir. brise, a fracture, fr. brisim, I break (O'Reilly).]
BRISS, sb.' Som. Dev. Also in form brist Dev.»
[bris.]
1. Dust, fluff, esp. that which accumulates behind
furniture, &c.
w.Som.' Clean up all this briss behind the picture. Dev.
Thicker baint briss, it's a seat o' reek, Madox-Brown Divale
Bhith (1876) bk. I. iv. n.Dev. Yer's a brave briss an' herridge !
Rock Jim an' Nell ^ 1867) st 121. nw.Dev.'
2. Dust mixed with small pieces of furze, faggot-wood,
lie. ; small twigs used for lighting fires.
Dev. ' Ive got some briss in my eye,' means not a particle of dust,
but a small bit o( furze. Monthly Mag. (1808; II. 423 ; Dev.' Maester
was staunding by the tallut whan the cob-wall sluer'd away all to
wance and a come heai'd in brist and grute, 4. s.Dev. Fox
Kingsbridge (1874).
3. In phr. Bnss and buttons, fluffy cobweb dust from old
sheds, &c. ; sheep's droppings.
Dev, w. limes f^War. 12, i886j 6, col. 4; Dev.' n.Dev. Thy
Pancrock a kivered wi' Briss and Buttons, E.ym. Sculd. (1746)
I. 156.
BRISS, see Brize.
BRISSELCOCK, s6. Obs. Sc. The turkey-cock.
Sc. Plover, duck, drake, brissel-cock, Lindsay of Piticottie (1728)
146 (Jam. 1.
BRISSETT, sb. Obsol. Lakel. A wooden frame
used in brewing. Cf brig.
Lakel. Ellwood (i895\
BRISSLE, see Bristle.
BRIST, V. Wm. Yks. [brist.] To burst, break. Cf.
brust, burst.
Wm. (K.'i ; Thoo'I brist thisel if thoo gangs at that bat (B.K.);
Wm.', n Yks.3
[All fie filthes ... sal brist vte. Cursor M. (c. 1300)
22395. ^ "• form of OE. bcrstan, to burst.]
BRISTLE, v.^ and sb. Yks. Chs. Lin. Nhp. Glo. Brks.
Written brissle n.Yks.' [bri si ]
1. V. To be lively ; to set to work.
Nhp.i Glo. We'll bristle into this an finish it to-night (S.S.B.).
Brks. Come, bristle up (M.J.B.).
2. Of a breeze: to freshen.
s.Chs.' The wind's bristlin' up a bit.
Hence Bristling, ppl. adj. Of the wind : brisk, blowing
freshly.
n.Yks,' A canny brissling wind : 't'll soon dry t'land. n.Lin.'
Ther's a bristling breeze to-daav ma,ister.
3. sb. A sharp fellow. Brks. (M.J.B.)
BRISTLE, I/.* Sc. (Jam.) Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan.
Also in form brazzle Cum.' ; brissle (Jam.) N.L' N.Cy.' ;
brizzle Nhb.' n.Yks.* m.Yks.' To crackle in cooking or
burning; to dry, scorch, burn. Cf tirsle, brazzle, brustle.
N.I.' Don't be brissling your shins over the fire. N.Cy.' Nlib.'
The carlins will then parch, crack, and, as we provincially call it,
bristle. Gent. Mag. (1788) 189. Cum.', n.Yks.*, m.Yks.', neXan.'
BRISTLE, see Brazzle.
BRISTLE-BAT, sb. Obs. Sus. A stone to sharpen
a scythe with. See Bat, s6.' I. 7.
Sus. MoKTON Cvclo. Agiie. (1863) ; (E.E.S.)
BRISTOL ■WEED, /i/;r. Obs.> Som. The Mercurialis
perennis.
Som. Trans. Medico- Botait. Soc. (1832-33^ 95.
BRISTOW, sb. Obs. .' Sc. A white crystal.
Sc. The brooch of Rob Roy's wife . . . appears to be of silver,
studded with what was once the vogue, bristow, Edb. Ev. Coiir.
(Oct, 23, 1818) (Jam.).
BRIT
[406]
BRITTLE
[Bristow-stones, a kind of soft diamonds found about
the rock near Bristol, being lodged in a hollow sort of
flint, Phillips (1706).]
BRIT, v} and s!>} Som. Dev. [brit.]
1. V. To indent, make an impression.
Som. W. & J. CI. (1873I ; These here cans be a-brltted a'al
aiiver (F.A.A.) ; Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eitg, { 1825V Dev. Thee'st
nbritted thease bestcst taypot, yu gert shacklebrained twoad !
Hkwett Peas. Sp. (1892); My hat was ' britted in,' Memoir
/ RiiSscH (1883') xiv; Dev.i A swinging great apple, so mealy thee
may'st brit en, 38. n.Dev. Britting o' thick an' crazing thack,
Rock Jim an Nell (1867) st. 7. nw.Dev.'
2. sb. An indentation.
n.Dev. Rock Jim an Nell (1867) Gl. nw.Dev.'
BRIT, s*.= Dev. Cor. [brit.] A small fish about the
size of a sprat, which heralds the approach of a shoal of
herrings.
Dev. When the rock fowl dropped from their granite homes To
prey on the brit below, Capern Ballads (1858J 131 ; (R.P.C.)
Cor." 2
BRIT, v." Glo. Ken. Sus. Hmp. I.W. Wil. Also
written bret Ken.' I.W."'; brite Sus.; britt Sus.'°
[brit.]
1. Of overripe corn or hops, &c. : to shatter, fall out of
the husk, fall.
s.Cy. Ray (1691). Glo.'^, Ken.» *, Sus. (K.), Sus.'^, Hmp.i,
I.W.'2 Wil. The corn be all so dry 'twill half of it brit out afore
it can be got in i W.C.P.). n.Wil. Thur's a main vew o' them beans
britted out (E.H.G.). WiU [Lisle //H5AaHrfi;y (1757).]
Hence (i) Britted, /i/i/. Art'/, of corn : shed, dropped ; (2)
Brittings, vbl. sb. shed or dropped seed.
(I) Wil. Davis ^^n'c. (1813). [Lisle //Hs4n>i(/)y (1757).] (2)
ib. 284.
2. To rub grain out in the hand. Wil.' See Brittle, v.' 6.
[OE. bryttian, to divide into fragments.]
BRIT, v.^ n.Cy. Wm. Shr. [brit.] To divulge, spread
abroad.
N.Cy.2 Wm.' What's tha britten aboot ? thou's tellin all tha
knas. Shr. (K.) ; To bruit, apud Salopienses ' to brit,' divulgare,
HicKES //15W. Gram. A. -Sax. (1689) hilrod.
[I find thou art no less than fame hath bruited, Shaks.
I Hen. VI, II. iii. 68. From ME. bruit, noise, rumour.
OFr. bruit. \
BRIT, v.* Cum. Wm. [brit.] To break or bruise.
Cum., Wm. Ferguson Northmen (^1856) 206.
I Norw. dial, bryta and brjota, to break (Aasen) ; ON.
brjola.']
BRITCH, sb} Yks. [britj.] A hard, fungous growth
on ash trees. n.Yks. (I.W.)
BRITCH, sb.'^ and i'.' Yks. Shr. Written breech- Shr.'
[britJ, britJ.] See Breech.
1. sb. Wool from the hind legs of sheep ; the coarsest
wool. w.Yks. (J.C.) ; (J.M.»
Hence (i) Breechen, sb., (2) Breeching-wool, sb. the
coarse foul wool attached to the fleece of each sheep.
(i) Shr. Their fleeces may weigh 2} lbs., of which half a pound
will be the breechen, Marshall Review (1818) II. 256. (2) Shr.'
That brichin-6&l mun be weshed an' sprad i' the sun.
2. V. To cut the wool from about the roots of sheep's
tails before shearing-time.
Shr.' Obsol. 'K's gwun to brich them ship.
BRITCH, 7'." S. & Ork.' To cut into short pieces.
Hence Britched, pp. of fish : scored deeply with a knife
to facilitate the process of boiling.
[Cp. ON. brytja, to chop in pieces.]
BRITCHA, see Britchel.
BRITCHEL, adj. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Shr. Also in
form breechy Chs.'^; bricco Chs 2; bricha nw. Der.' ;
bricko Chs.^; britcha s.Chs.' ; britcher Chs.; britchy
Chs.^Shr.' [britjl.] Brittle, easy to break. See Brickie.
Cf also brackle, brockle, bruckle.
w.yks.(D.L.) Lan. (J.L.) ; Aw sed britchilthyngsloike thoose,
'ul want meterly wele tentin. Ormerod Felley fro Rachde (1851) ii ;
Lan.', e.Lan.' Chs. S/ira/ (1879) I. 141; Ray (1691); Chs.'23
s Chs.' Dhaat' maeT z gotn u brich 'u fbo-t [that mare's gotten a
britcha foot]. nw.Der.' This wood's very bricha. Shr.' The
straw's that britchy yo canna 'ardly tie it up into boutins.
BRITCHEN, vbl. sb. s.Pem. The barking of trees
before they are cut. (W.M.M.)
BRITCHIN, see Breechin.
BRITCHY, see Britchel.
BRITH, sb. Wil. [brif).] Young plants of which
thorn hedges are made, 'quick.'
Wil. In common use. A'. ^ Q. (I890^ 7th S. x. 109.
BRITHER, sb. and v. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Also Som. Dev. Cor. Also in form breder S. & Ork.' ;
breeder Sc. ; breether Bnff.' ; brether Cor.^ ; bridder
S. & Ork.'; bridther Wm. ; briether Lan. [bricS3(r),
brI-tSar.] See Brether.
1. sb. Brother. \
Sc. (Jam.) S. & Ork.' Bnff.' 5. Abd. He wud Week's breeder
ony day, Alexander yo/i«>yi Gibh (,1871) x. Ayr. Tarn lo'ed him
like a vera brither. Burns Tam o' Shantcr (1790) st, 5. Nhb. An'
mony a brither fisher's gane, Coqtieldale Sngs. (1852) 59. Cum.
But his brither's rychte han' rase high in wrathe, Gilpin Sngs.
{ 1866) 440 Wm. A saa yan a the bridthers nit sa lang sen. Spec.
Dial. (1885) pt. iiL 25. m.Yks.' Lan. Grose (1790) MS. add.
(C.) w.Som.' The invariable form; 'bruudhur' is unknown. Dev,
He went on talking to me more like me brither than me maiester,
Burnett StoAfe Boy (i888)xxvii. n.Dev. An' leetleWill. . .Grows
up jist like his brither, Rock Jim an' Nell {i86-]) st. 128. e.Dev.
My awn brithers an' sisters was out wi' me, Pulman Sng. Sol.
(i860) i. 5. Cor.2 95.
2. V. To match, find an equal to.
Bnff. Breethir that, gehn [if] ye can (W.G.). Lnk. (Jam.)
3. To initiate one into a society or corporation. Also in
phr. to brither down, to accompany in being swallowed.
Ayr. Thick nevel't scones, beer meal, or pease. To brither down
a shave o' cheese, Picken Poems (1788) 63 (Jam.) ; The initiation
of an apprentice to his trade usually takes the form of a practical
joke. After it the apprentice is said to be ' brithered ' (J.F.).
BRITHIL, s6. Cor. Written brithyll Cor.'; breithal,
brythall Cor.^
1. The trout, Salnio trutta. Cor."
2. The mackerel, Scomber scombms. Cor.'' Cf. breal.
[1. Wei. brithyll, a trout. 2. OCor. brithel, brethil, a
mackerel (Williams) ; cp. Bret, brezel, 'maquereau' (Du
RUSQUEC).]
BRITON, sb. Cor. [britsn.] The sea-pink or thrift.
w.Cor. Where hollensmoks and fragrant tags And britons, were
in blowth, Thomas Randigal Rhymes (1895) 15. Cor.^ Fairly freq.
BRITRACK, sb. S. & Ork.' Salt.
BRITT, sb. Obs. s.Pem. Leaf-mould; dark, rich
soil. (W.M.M.)
BRITTEN, u' n.Cy. Wm. [britan]
1. To break, divide into fragments.
n.Cy. (K.); ViE.TiUzrT Par. Aniiq. (1695); N.Cy.* To britten
beef [to break the bones of it]. [^Trans. Phil. Soc. (1858) 150.]
2. To chastise, beat.
Wm. Ah'U britt'n thee thi jacket, thoo gurt slenk (B.K.).
Hence Brittening, vbl. sb. a severe thrashing.
/b. T'maister's geen me seek a britt'ning as Ah'st net fcrgit, ib.
[1. God it wit-schild pat bou britten sua mi child,
Cursor M. (c. 1300) 8720. OE. brytniaii, to divide, dis-
tribute.]
BRITTEN, v.'^ Obs. Ken. Also written brutten.
To bridle or pull back the head with an air of pride or
disdain. (K.)
BRITTLE, adj. and v.^ Sc. Lan. Glo. Lon. Ken. Wil.
Dor. Som. Ainer. [bri-tl.]
1. adj. Fiff. Shaky, on the verge of insolvency.
Ayr. Broken merchants, ravelled manufacturers, and brittle
bankers, Galt Lairds 1^1826) xxxv ; Occas. used (J.F.).
2. Of the temper : snappy, irritable, ' chippy.' Som.
(W.P.W.)
3. Of the air: crisp. Of weather: variable.
s.Lan. Weather's varrabrittle(,H.M.). Glo.' A brittle air. s.Wil.,
w.Dor. (C.V.G.) [U.S.A., Penn. A^. fi- Q. (1870) 4th S. vi. 249.]
4. Difficult, ' kittle.' Used in curling.
Sc. I promise that I will take all wicks and brittle shots, Kerr
//is/. Curling (1890') 366 ; (G.W.)
5. V. To render friable; to crumble, break away.
Sc. The clay brought to top (which will bebrittled by the winter
frosts). Maxwell Sel. Trans. (1743) 109 (Jam.). Lon. Without
BRITTLE
[407]
BROAD
e. To knock or rub grain out in the hand : to shatter
drop out of the husk. See Brit, v^ snatter,
Ken Lewis / W (1736) 51. n.Wil. Grain when dry ' brittles
out^^ You may bnttle U out by rubbing or shaking it^EHG)!
BRITTLE, z;.* Som. [bri'tl.]
■I. lo frown.
Som. He brittled his brows i^G.A.W.).
2. To examine closely.
Som. SwEETMAN Wiiicanlon Gl. (I885^
[A pron. of bitlle, beetle, to scowl, to look with beetle
brows.^ From ME. bitel in bUel-browed (P. P/oZanin'
BRITTLE.BRATTLE. sb. Sc. Hurried motion
causmg a clattering noise. '"'neu motion,
Per. Not common (G.W.). Lnk. (Jam )
BRITTNER. 56. Wm. Yks. [britnar.] A term of
commendat.on for a clever, active, or useful mfn or boy
Wm. In common "se (B K.X n.Yks. fle'll deca't like a Bri.^;r
RS • eY^/ilnh'^ shoodher t,v u, an push like a briltner
^ r D 'u f n ^ ^ '■''S '=>■■ Bnttner at wahk, MS. add (T U )
BSon+ fr] ^''""""'- " ^"'°"' ^ "^''^^ "f Britain!
B^m?; fee B?e°vi; '^^'^ P"^^'' ^'^-''•"- -"^--
BRIZ, BRIZZ, see Breeze.
qnnf^^ii' "'■ ^""^ ^*-. ^''- ^^^- Yks. Also Hmp. Wil
for owre ensample, Tennant Pafii.Oy (1827^ 76 Lnk Briss^hv
bonny breasts and lips .0 mine, Ramsav G.,?^^/,.^ ^7=5 73 ed"^
7o/<-5ua3B)8,ed. 1866. Edb. Ibnzzedthenatsofmvhandskeainst
n.KKs. , Hmp.' Wil. If one wants an over-full bo.x to shut the
direction .s to ' bnse' upon it, JV. &^ Q. , 1870 4th S vi lof Sl ,w
Cr u8g.); WiUA loaded waggon ' brizcs'down ' the ro^ad' SoJ
SWEETMAN Jl ,„ca„to„ Gl. (,885) I W. & J. G/ ( .87,1
Hence Brizzed, /././. a^^; bruised, crushed
Sc. Mony a chiell has heard me squeal For sair brizz'd back and
banes, Scorr Mmslrehy (1802, 516, ed. 1839.
2. sA. Force, pressure.
(.8^08 i?4.' "°""''' "'°" ''''^ "'^ •'"■^^ °' "■'"<=. A. Scott Pocn.s
H^m THn llft'^'^ }"^f'^F ?^'"^'-'^« «"d brisen,
bruise.] ^ ^^°^' ^''- ^'""'■'^' ^'- <^E. %5«/;, to
BRIZ(Z, see Brize.
BRIZZLE, see Bristle.
BRO, si.i Hnt. Cmb. A small bridge with a hand
rail, crossing a stream. uwuge wicn a nand-
^i?'^"88o'6;^sT3^:.^'"""''^'«'«)'- """• ^^•^■^•> =
[Norvv. dial. i,-» and bro, a footbridge over a stream or
oS^r'^"^' '° ^^^- ''''■ *^--^- Dan'"64TC?.dg:;
BRO, sb.' S. & Ork.> A frothy white substance found
on mossy ground which sickens animals that eaHt
llT. dial. (Norm.) broe, 'ecume, sahve ecumeu<5e •
mousse c^ui se forme a la surface d'un liquide I-^" ] on
?Dt;S).]'""^ ^''''''>-' (Manche)%,..,^tume"
BRO, see Browl.
broit/:] '"^"^'=^S'=-: brauch,brotche.An.' IbrotJ, brost;,
direct' fmm fhf f '^ °' 'P'^u "'■^ '^'^"^'^f' : «P- °"e springing
nCv fK V '^'''" '\'"'°"' '""'y intermediate parapet.
rh.T/'^> 1' "-""^^'.ngo); N.Cy.i Chester broach. Nhb ' Dnr
Chester-le-Street has a bonny, bonnv church Wiih = Z\
the steeple, /)<■„/,«,„ r,«r/5 red. 1892) 77 yW The Ihr', "^°"
^'y^: ° As'V°'' °'l'^ '"^^"^^ '" Hippllmfn't;' 'K.x"L'^r-
e Yk. M^ ^ kenspeck as a cock on church broach. "^ Yks i
e.Yks. Marshall R„k Ewn. 1 1188) • e Yks 1 n, vt= 1 -.T,
Watson //,./. ////... , ,7,., „ . • w vks 3 n i ,,; i^i q - ^J*"^-
pot a broach upo' Butt™ eek's'teap^e "■■■ ^'^--hoose
2. A rod of phant wood bent in the middle and sham
ened at either end, used by thatchersTo p erce and ?x'
r A Tlh ?' ^°' "^o'ding ropes on ricks. ^ ^"^
br:;^h:^^;'t^s?::uL^nd^h^sSt:"^r?"11^^^-^
THofr^ -"/"f J,'^°^j ''■•♦"3; Morton Cyc/o. A^n^. ll;l\
i HOM AS /iaiidigal R/,y,„es {i8g5) Gl.- Cor 3 ^ ^'
3. The spindle or reel upon which newlv-SDun varn f«
wound ; the yarn so wound. ^ ^ ^ ^
uc■et;s->pa';fr^;n.rspiISrerro^L•ehTyfrnTas'w-;^
wa Ten "^""' ""i" '^'. =P'"'^''= "-""'d not hold anrmo^e U
Cum ." Yks'TK?' T,"' ' ""7 '^"^^^ commenced. Dur..
n^.i ; ^■^''^- • wYks.3 It ,s 'thrown- [turned 1 like a leid
E:th ■:Tks."/De°r?":u^.' 'sX^/ 'l^ "^l^' '"' "-"''"''
that yorn mind an'' no^d^c-robbl^ the^^/oil^^th^rhfrcL: "r "^^t
ave It in a soor mess. ' ■>
5. Any large and clumsy tool
Cor.3A shovel, a button, or a needle which may be too lareefnr
a required purpose is described as a ' broach ' large for
^6. A^tool with which a hole is enlarged.' w.Yks. (R.H.H.);
7. A narrow, pointed, iron instrument in the form of
a chisel, used by masons in hewing stones Sc (Ja " )
^ Hence Broached, ///.„,/y. Of .stones : hewed, dres'sc d.
8. A butcher's prick. N.Cy.*
nf;i,\^° 'll^'^f- ^'°"u^® '" ^ '■°"S'' manner with a mason's
pick, by indenting the surface ""^011 b
(T^K.HoTw.Ykl'''' ''''" '""°''^^" "■'"■ (''°3). w.Yks.
10. Of a bull: to gore
«»''M7T;'P867st.' ios"^'^ ''"°^^'^'' "^ ^'""■"^- •^""' '^°-/""
Vi 'wkut ^. l^°'%'hrough the stopping in a pit. Nhb.'
(NarES^ 2 Rrn^h ^"""'"fO^S broches. TOOKE Bel. ,2
^ A k/ ,2- B'^°'^he for a thacstare,>«wf„/»;;/, Pro;;//./
3. A broche for garn, /i,slllus, Call,. Angl. (1483 . e Fr
broche,' ms rument avec lequel le cordon'nier pratique des
trous dans les pieces ' (Hatzfeld) 1 P'aiique aes
Kcb°TfT't'f ^K-- Sc- A flagon or tankard.
Kcb. The herd-boy o cr his shoulder flings his plaid. His broach
^"BRgX^HlR^^ H. Side. DavlsoA...^. ,,^39) s^'
1. A very large sharp-pointed knife. Shr.>
2. Anything very large or clumsy.
Shr.i Cor.3 A gait [great] broachcr.
^^{tr^ t^ar2f^u?r''b^-f y- ^^S
i^m.^br^ade'I^S^^'^^' ''^^' ^^"'^ = •'-^<^ C^^
a'disttc^Sr^'^ ""' P^^P- "^^ -d^'y-Part from, at
Brks (MJ.B.) Wil. Their home was 'broad ' of Hurst-that
^J^Zm^.^''"'' ''"' ^' ^"-"^ ''""^ Cistance^jE^'rEr;:^
BROAD
[408]
BROB
2. Of time: large in amount.
Sur. A chap goes out a-artistin', 'ee say, an' 'ee only speands
the broard daay mouchin', Bickley Sur. Hills (1890) I. xiii.
3. Of pronunciation: of a strongly marked dialectal
peculiarity.
Ayr. In plain braid Scots, Burns Brigs of Ayr (1787) ; Tel] me,
will you, in guid braid Scots, Service Notaiuliims (189O1 2. Cum.
Oor oan breead Cumberlan mak o' toak, Sargisson Joe Scocip
(1881) 6.
4. Of salt : coarse, the kind used tor manure.
w.Som.^ Broa'ud, brau'ud. At Taunton is a large sign-board on
which is painted, ' Rock, Broad, and P'ine Salt.'
5. In phr. as broad as it's long, the same one waj' as the
other; in ^f«. colloq. use.
e.Yks.' n.Lin.' Well, if he hes call'd you, you've called him an'
all ; fer all I sea, it's as broad as it's long.
6. adv. Plainly, without reserve.
Sc. He can now look others broad in the face, ScoiT Nigel
(1822) xxxiv. Per. Look me broad in the face (G.W.).
7. In phr. lo talk broad, to speak in dialect, or with un-
refined speech.
Stf.2 Oxf.' Before 'er went to live at Oxford 'er talked broad,
but now 'er talks fine.
Hence Broad-spoken, fpl. adj. accustomed to speak
with a provincial accent; outspoken.
Wm.i He's a breead-spokkcn chap.
8. Comb, (i) Broad-best, best suit of clothes; (2) -bill,
the shovel'er, Spatula dypcaia ; (3) -board, the earth-board
of a plough ; (4) -clover, the plant TrifoUmn praiense; (5)
-fig, a Turkey fig; (6) -grass, the common red clover;
(7) -kelk, the plant Heradciim sphondylium ; (8) -kessen,
spaciously planned out; (g) -leaf, (a) Plaiitago major;
[b) a kind of apple; (10) -leaved Elm, Tilia parvijjora;
(11) -piece, obs., a com; (12) -ratched, broad-striped;
(13) -scar, a broad stone ; (14) -set, short and bulky ; (15)
-ways, according to the breadth with the side foremost ;
alsoy^^-. ; (16) -weed, {a) the plant Heradcmn sphondylium ;
ib) the field scabious, Scabiosa arvensis; (17) -word, a
boastful remark.
(I) e.An.i (2) Lin. Miller & Skertchly Fmland (1878) xii.
[SWAINSON Birds (1885) 158.] (3) Oxf. (J.E.), WiH (4) I.W.
(5! Dev. Moiitlily Afag. {1808) II. 432. r.w.Dev.', Cor.' (6 Dor.
w.Gcic. (Feb. 15, 1889) 6. (7) n.Yks. (8) n.Yks.2 (9) Clis.l
(10) Es3. (II) s.Wm. I'll bet ta a braad piece, HunoN Dinl
Siorth and Arusidc (1760) 1. 27. (13 ) Yks. Mcary would get donned
oot in her bonny breead-ratched gown, Fetherston T. Goor-
krodger (1870") 2. n.Yks. Her brcad-ratch'd feeace, and twa white
hinder legs, Browne Poems (1800I 158. (13I Cum. Linton Lake
C)'. ( 1864) 293. (14-) n.Yks.2 e.Yks.i il/S. nrfrf. (T.H.) w.Yks.i,
e.Lan.', nw.Der.', n Lin.>, Nhp.i, Hnt. (T.P.F.) (15) n.Yks.2
e.'Yks.l Put it bradeways on, MS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks. A blunder-
ing person goes bradeways, a persevering person is at it endwa3's
(BK.>. (16, ni Dor. ai.G«5. (Feb. 15, 1889) 6. (6) n.Div. (17)
n.Yks. 2 Monny a breead word comes off a weak stomach. e.Yks
Leeds Merc. Siip/l. (Dec. 12, 1891)-
BROAD, sb. e.An. An extensive piece of water
formed by the broadening out of a river. Gen. in pi.
e.An.' Nrf. Grose 1 1790'] ; Them land-owners hev' been pullin'
the string closin' up the Broads for shootin' an' fishin', Patterson
Broads (1895) 62. e.Nrf. Marshall Rur. Econ. (1787) ; The
Broads are some of them considerably deeper than the rivers,
Woodward Geol. Eiig. and JValcs (1876) 406. Nrf.'
Hence Broadman, sb. a wherryman on the Broads.
Nrf. Eve is naught but an celman's daughter, and never will be
more, unless it is a broadman's wife, Dale Noah's Ark (1890) v.
BROADBAND, sb. and adv. Sc. Nhb. Win. Yks. Lan.
Also written braid- Sc. N.Cy.' Nhb.' n Yks.' ne.Yks.';
breead- Wm.' ; treyad- ne.Lan.' ; braad- w.Yks.'
1. sb. Corn spread out in the fields upon the band to
dry. Cen. used in phr. lo lie \lay] in broad-band ; also Jig.
to be ready, finally worked olV.
e.Lth. Takin doun the stocks atween the shoo'rs, an' layin them
in braid-band. Hunter J. Imcici {18(^5) 10. N.Cy.', Nbb.' n.Yks.'
As corn is usually cut with the scythe, the severed portion, or
swathe, falls against the uncut corn, and is taken up thence by the
raker, who follows the mower, and laid over on the band ready
lor the binder. Occas., however, it is cut the other way, or from
the corn, and falls over in a regular band or swathe ; and when a
field or part of a field is cut thus, it is said to *lie in braid-band.*
ne.Yi^s.', w.Yks.', ne.Lan.'
2. In phr. lo he in broad-band. Of a house: to be in
disorder and confusion. w.Yks.'
3. adv. Of corn : spread out as wide as the length of
the band upon which it is laid.
Wm.' To lay corn out to dry breead-band.
4. In phr. lo fall broad-band, to submit to dalliance
without opposition. (Jam.)
BROAD-CAST, pp. and sb. Sc. Dur. Yks. Der. Lin.
Nhp. Hrf. Brks. Hnt. Ken. Also in form brade-kest
Uur.'; braid- Sc; breead-kessen n.Yks.''; broadkeasted
Ken.
1. pp. Of seed : scattered abroad over the whole
surface ; also as adv. in phr. lo sow broadcast
Sc. (Jam.), Dur.', n.Yks.^, w.Yks.', nw.Der.', n.Lin.', Nhp.'
Hrf. Pulse are sown broad-cast, Marshall Revieiv (1818) II. 282.
Hnt. (T.P.F.) Ken. Dat fil's bin brOadkeasted (P.M.).
2. sb. The act of sowing seed as above. Brks.'
BROAD-KOOK, sb. Hrf. Written brod-uck. A reap-
ing-hook.
Hrf. I see th' bwoy ut th' Gaffer's opples ooth th' brod-uck
{Coll. L.L.B.) ; (R.M.E.)
BROADLAND, sb. Obs. Mid. A large, even piece of
ground.
Kid. They plow two, three, or four of these size-lands into one
broadland, Ellis Mod. Ilitsb. (1750) I. i.
BROADS, sb. pi. Yks. Slang. Playing-cards. See
Book, sb. 5.
w.Yks. 2 Come, bring t'broads, an let's have a game. Slang.
Splodgcr, will you have a . . . touch of the broads with me ?
Mayiiew Loud. Labour ( 1851) I. 418. Cant. Ecarle, whist, I never
missed. And nick the broads while rufl3ing, AiNSWORXHTJooAjvoorf
(1834) bk. IV. ii.
Hence Broadsman, sb. a card-sharper.
Slang. Toy-getters, . . . magsmen, . . . broadsmen, . . . and
skittle sharps, Keade Autob. Tliicjin MaomllansMag. (1879) 502 ;
HoRSLEV Joltings (1887) i.
BROADSHARE, sb. and v. Lin. Kent.
1. sb. A point which is fitted into the 'buck' (q.v.) of
a plough in the place of the ordinary share.
n Lin.' Ken. Used for surface cultivation, cutting up the weeds,
and spuddling (q.v. 'I iP.M.).
2. V. To plough sliallow and wide with a ' broadshare,'
without turning over.
Ken. Morton Cyclo. Ague. (1863); The more enterprising
farmer now broadshares his stubbles, Furley Weald (1874) II.
656; (P.M.)
BROADSIDE, sb. Sc. Som.
1. The board by which a plough turns over the sod to
form the furrow.
w.Som.' Broaud zuyd. Now that a peculiarly bent iron plate
has superseded it, 'turnvore' is the word most used.
2. In phr. «/ rt irom/ivV/i?, suddenly ; unawares.
Per. Still used. He took me at a broadside [took advantage of
me] (G.W.). Dmb. Though I had planned a nice bit snug mcetin'
wi' Jean Brown, I left a' at the braidside to speer after Miss
Migumeric, Cross Disruption (1844) xv.
BROAD-'WORK, sb. Suf. Work in the fields. See
Abroad.
Suf. I couldn't get clothes nohow if it warn 't for the broad-work,
Macnnllnjis Mag. (Sept. 1889) 360.
BROAK, V. e.An.' Nrf Also in form brock e.An.'
Nrf.' [biok, brok.] To belch. Cl. break, v.
BROAK, see Brook.
BROAKIE, see Brookie.
BROAN, SCO Brand.
BROASEN, prp. Cor.' Burning quickly (used by
Mouseliole fishermen).
BROATH, see Broth.
BROB, sA.' Cum. Lan. [brob.]
1. A straw or twig stuck in the hat or worn in the
mouth by those wanting to engage in service on the
hiring-day. Cum.''
2. A small bush or branch used to prevent netting of
game, or to mark oft" certain stooks of corn or lots of hay
grass when on sale. ne.Lan.'
BROB
[409]
BROCK
3. A branch of furze stuck into the sand to mark the
track of a safe ford. See Brog. v. 6.
n.Lan. [Used] by the people of Furness and Carlmcl, Waugii
Rainhks i>i Lake C\: (1861 ; 46.
BROB, sb.^ Midi. Dcr. Nhp. Also written brab Midi,
[brob.] A nail.
Midi. Mn.RSHAi.1. Ritr. Econ. I l^g6 II. De '.' Nhp.' Tier-nails
of carts or waggons.
BROB, V. n.Cy. Yks. Dcr. Not. [brob.] To prick,
pierce, poke.
n.Cj'. Grose 1790) Su/</>/. w.Yks. T'niimber o' red jackets 'at
wor i' my bed, \vi bayonets fixed, an' which brobb'd me most
unmercifully, Hallam ll'ddsley Jack (1881) 29. Der.' The cow
with the tip of her horn brob'd the man's e^'e out. Not.*^
BROBLE, sb. Bwk. (Jam.) A short piece of wood
with a sharp point at either end to keep horses asunder
in ploughing.
BROCCOLI, sb. Yks. (J.W.) Biassica aafliala, cow-
cabbage or borecole.
BROCH, see Brough.
BROCH-, see Brogh-.
BROCHAN, sb. Sc. Irel. Also written brochin Sh I. ;
brochen Lth. ; broghan, brichen UIs. ; broughan Ant.
S.Don. ; broughen Ldd. [bro'xsn.]
1. Gruel, thin porridge.
Sc. O'er mickle cookery spoils the brochan, Ramsay Prov.
(1737) ; And much meal may they bear to make ye brochan. Scott
Munastt'iy (1820 xi ; And there will be fadges and brachan,
Ramsay Tea-Tahle Misc. (ed. 1871I I. 06; Breeks an' brochan ;old
toast), Ramsay Rewut. (cd. 1872 i 59. Sh.I. Shu wid need Ta mak
hersel a brochin, Burgess Rasniie {itg2) 107. Elg. I'm sick o'
brose an brochan dose, Tester Pof;;;A- 18651120. Lth. O' brochen
now I'se hae my fill, Bruce Poems (1813) 165. N.I.' There is
a saying, * Never bless brochan,' i.e. that brochan is not worth
saying grace for. UIs. f,M.B.-S.), Ant. (A.J. I.), Ldd. ^M.S.M.)
s Don. Sir.iMoNS Gl. (1890).
2. Comp. Brochan-roy, ' brochan ' with leeks boiled in it.
N.I.' Used by the very poor.
[Gael, broclian, gruel, porridge; \t. brochan (Macbain).]
BROCHE, see Broach.
BROCHLE, adj. and sb. Gall. (Jam.) Also written
brokle. 1. adj. Laz}', indolent. 2. sb. An indolent
person.
BROCK, 56.' Obsol. Sc. In All n. counties of Eng.
to Chs. Also in Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. Brks. e.An.
Sus. Wil. Som. Cor. Slang. Also written broc e.Yks. ;
brok Sc. [brok.] See Bauson.
1. A badger.
Sc. Ye may let the auld brock out o' the poke, Scott Minslrclsy
(1802'! IV. 103, ed. 1848. Bnff.' Fif. Whar prowl unmolested
the polecat an' brock, Watt Sketches ^I88o') 74. e.Fif. Tauld us
hoo he had shot a brock, Latto Tani Bodkin (1894) xv. Ayr.
They gang as saucy by poor folk As I wad by a stinking brock,
Burns Twa Dogs (17861 st. 4. Lnk. Now like a snake she'll twist
a forked tail. And now a brock wi' dreadfu' teeth assail. Black
Fa/is of Clyde (1806) 122. Lth. Smeekin' wasps' binks, or huntin'
brocks, Ballantine Poeins 1856; 67. Slk. I can thole the stink
o' a brock better nor that o' a cawnle that has dee'd a natural death.
Chr. North lYoclcs (ed. 18561 IV. 37. Rxb. The fox. hyaena, and
the brok, R 1 ouELL Pof/. IFfc. 1871 229. Gall. The subtilebrok and
tod he killed, Nicholson Hist. Talcs : 1843 > 345. N.I.' n Cy. Grose
(1790) ; N.Cy.' 2 Nhb. Breathed terror to the brocks, Richard-
son iJorfl'orr's 7rti/<7-i*. (18461 VI. 321 ; Nhb.' To stink like a brock.
e.Dur.' Cum. Huntin a brock or an otter, Anderson Ballads
(1808) 47, ed. 1815. Wm. Tigars an foxes, an brocks. Spec. Dial.
(ed. 1877) i. 14; Wm.' n.Yks.'^, ne.Yks.' e.lfks. The word and the
animal both extinct, though 30 years ago asmany as a dozen badgers,
in their barrels, for baiting purposes, could be seen at Magdalen
Fair, Hedon, Nicholson F/*-5/i. (1889': 55. m.Yks.' w.Yks. Place
stinks wo's 'an a brock iW.F. 1 ; w.Yks.^^'* Lan. They are o' as
closely hunted by the Q"s<^"'s bloodhounds as a brok is to its hole,
TnoiMiEM. Penny Slouc ',1845) 17, ed. 1886; Lan.', n Lan.' Chs.'
Still found in several of our country famih' names, as Brocklehurst ;
Chs.^, n Lin.', Lei.', Nhp. '2. War.^ Shr.' Believed to be obs. In
1868, or thereabout, a gamekeeper on the Buildwas Park said of
certain men that he thought ' they wun after a brock,' but ' they
wun poachers after all.' Brks. 67. (1852) ; Brks.' e.An.' Only
in phr. 'to stink like a brock.' Suf. Science Gossip (1882 215 ; Suf.'
VOL. I.
Sus. A capital brock, a most wonderful brock, Blackmore Alice
Lorraine (1875) xxvi. Wil. A brock bides thar, Kr.^1t\v.D Diogenes
(1893) vi. w.Som.' Rare, but still in use in the Hill district. Cor.'
MS. add.
Hence (i) Brock, v. to 'badger,' tease, bully; (2)
Brockster, sb. a bully. In use at Winchester School.
(i) Slang. Shadwell IVyke. Slang (1859-1864): (E.F.): Cope
Gl. (2)(A.D.H.)
2. Comp. (i) Brock -faced, white-faced ; marked in the
face with a streak like a badger; {2) -hole, a badger's hole ;
(3) -skin, badger-skin.
(11 N.Cy.' Nhb.' A ' brock-faced cow.' w.Yks.> Tbrock-faced,
branded stirk, ii. 304. (2, w.Yks.^ Brockholes, a place near
Almondbury. w.Som.' (3 Sc. With thy brock-skin bag at thy
belt, ScoTT Minslrclsy ,1802. II. 127, ed. 1848.
3. A badger hound. Nhb.'
4. An opprobrious epithet applied to a person.
Sc. As for James, he's a brock and a blag^-ard, Stevensom
Calriona (1895) ix. Bnff.' Abd. Ye stinking brock, j'e naisty
brock i.W.G.). Ayr. What ails J'e, ye brock? Johnston Kilnmllie
1891) II. 34. Lnk. Ye sheveling-gabbit brock! Ramsay Gentle
Shep. 1,1725) 86, cd. 1783. e.Lth. Ye stinkin brock o' an Irish
byreman. Hunter/, htwick (1895 237. N.I.'
[1. Heo hudedcn heom alse brockcs, Lajamon (c. 1205)
12817. OE. bioc, a badger ; a Celtic word, cp. Ir. and
Gael, bioc (Macbain). 4. Marry, hang thee, brock!
Shaks. Tivelfth Nl. 11. v. 114.]
BROCK, sb.^ Nhb. Yks. Lan. Lin. [brok.] The
cuckoo-spit or frog-hopper. Cicada spuiitala ; geii. in phr.
to sweat like a brock (sometimes referred to Brock, ii.' 1).
n.Cy. Grose ( 1790^ Snppl. ; N.Cy.' To sweat like a brock. Nhb.
Flk-Lore Rcc. (1789I VII. 83 ; Nhb.', e.Dur.' n.Yks. Science Gossip
(,1882; 161; n.Yks.", ne.Yks' e.Yks. Marshall Rnr. Leon.
(1788); Nicholson /V/.'S/>. (1889 22; e.Yks.', m.Yks.' w.Yks.
He svvet like a brock, or a engine-tenter, or a furnace-man,
Saunterer'sSatcheliiS-ifg; Banks Il'k/ld.ll'ds. (1865'; w.Yks.'a^s
ne.Lan.', Lin. (J.C.W.), n.Lin.' sw Lin.' Just look at the brocks
on our hedge.
Hence Brock, v. to throw into a perspiration.
II. Yks. 2 It brock'd inc all over.
BROCK, sb.' Obs. Nhb. Ken. An inferior or hus-
bandry horse, a jade ; a cow.
N.Cy.', Nhb.' Ken. Old broc (K.) ; Ken.'
Hence Brcckman, sA. a horseman (?). Ken.'
[Sw. dial, bivk, ' brokig hast,' a pied or spotted horse
(RiETZ).]
BROCK, sb.* Irel. [brok.] A derisive name applied
to one whose face is marked with small-pox. Also in
form Brocky.
S.Don. SiM.MOxs Gl. (1890^.
Hence Brocky, adj. pock-marked. Ant. (W.H.P.)
BROCK, sb.^ and v.' Sc. Irel. Nhb. I.W. Dor. Som.
Also written brok Sc. [brok.]
1. sb. A scrap of bread or meat ; broken victuals.
Sc. When we have done, tak hame the brock, Ramsay Tca-Tabte
Misc. (1724) I. 176; Neither stock [money] nor brock, Kelly
Prov. (1721 1 an (Jam.). Ayr. Ye's neither hae bite nor sup to
weet yer thrapple frae me, no nor yet the brock frae oor table,
Service Dr. Diiguid {186-1 1 77- N.I.' LW.' We onny got a few
brocks left from dinner time. Dor. List Wds. (c. 17301 in N. & O.
11883) 6th S. vii. 366; Their zwangcn bags did soon begin, Wi
brocks an scraps, to plim well out, Barnes /"of'iis (1863) loi. Som.
SwEETMAN IVincanton Gl. (i885>.
2. Rubbish, refuse, remnants.
Per. (,G.W.) Fif. Piper Jock . . . Pick't Up the banes that lay
like brock. Tennant Papistry (1827) 91. e.Lth. Twa three bit
shopkeeper bodies doun herca-way, that live afT the brok o' the
laird's custom. Hunter,/. Inifi.k (1895) 21. Hdg. Auld smirkiit
Hughie Hume, whase post It is to soop [sweep] the brock an' dust,
Lumsden Sheep Head, 203. Nhb.' Any refuse straw or hay, &c.,
broken short.
3. A bump of turf dried for fuel.
Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eiig. (1825); W. & J. Gl. (1873';
With brocks of turf plastered with clay they could form most
comfortable walls for their huts, STRjiDUHC Desc. Priory 0/ Chilton-
super- Poldcn, 25 ; (W.F.R.)
4. Sheep-dung dried for fuel. Lin. ( J.C.W.)
3°
BROCK
[410]
BRODEND
5. V. To cut or crumble anything to shreds or small
pieces. (Jam.)
[1. OE. broccan (dat. pi.), fragments {Matt. xv. 37,
Hatton MS.).]
BROCK, v.'^ and sb^ Bnfl'. [brok ] 1. v. To perform
any piece of work in an unskilful manner. Hence
Brockan, vhl. sb. (i) the act of working unskilfully; (2)
the act of wasting cloth in cutting out. 2. To waste
cloth in cutting out. 3. sb. An unskilful workman.
4. Work ill done.
Bnff • B.iith the masons an' vrights hae brockit the new hoose.
A widna hae that tailyor : he brocks sae niuckle claith. He's a
mere brock wee's wark.
BROCK, see Broak.
BROCKAGE, si. Sc. Broken fragments of crockery,
biscuits, furniture, &c.
Per. I'll gie ye a saxpence for the brockage (G.W.); (A.W.)
[Brot- (stem of brok-en) + -age.]
BROCKE, V. Wxf ' To break.
BROCKED, see Brook.
BROCKET, sb. Som. Dev. A two-year-old stag.
w.Soin.' The pack here divided, and part of them were stopped
by Joe Faulkner from a [braukutj, which went into Span Wood,
Jiec. ji.Div. Slag/ioiiiit/s, 49. n.Dev. One light hart or ' brocket,'
as he calls it, Whyte Melville Katerfclto (1875) xxii ; In the
olden time he would have been called a brocke or brocket,
Jefferies Red Deer 118841 ii.
[Brocart, a two year old deer, which if it be a red deer,
we call a brocket, if a fallow, a pricket, Cotgr. See
Hatzfkld (s.v. Brocard).]
BROCKET-GROUND, sb. Ant. A mixture of clay
and boggy land. See Brook, v.^
Ant. Btiihuienn Obs. (18921.
BROCKILO, 5*. ^Nm:'' s.Wor.^ se.'Wor.' Cmb. (W.W.S.)
Cor.' Written broccilo War.'^ se.Wor.' ; broccolow Cor.'
Broccoli.
[It. broccolo, cabbage-sprout, of wh. broccoli \s the pi.]
BROCKING, rt()^'. Obs. Dev. Of a horse : vicious, apt
to throw its rider; also applied in contempt to persons.
n.Dev. And hot art thee / A brocking mungrel, E.xiii. Scolil.
(17461 1. 259, D3V.1
BROCKIT, see Brook.
BROCKLE, W/, sb. and v. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Chs. Bdf. Dor.
Soni. Cor. Also in form brocle Som.; brokle Bdf.;
brekkle Cor. [brokl.]
1. adj. Easily broken, brittle. Cf brickie.
Nhb.', n.Yks.' Som. Applied to cheese that breaks into frag-
ments, W. Sc J. GI. (1873).
Hence (i) Brockled, />/>/. m/)'. Of wood: cross-grained,
liable to break ; (2) Brockly, adj. brittle, broken.
(i) Bdf. Batchelor Anal. Eitg. Lang. (1809". (2J n.Dor.
(S.S.B.) Som. (J.S.F.S.) ; (F.A.A.)
2. Of weather : variable, uncertain.
n.Ir. A'. &= Q. (1873) 4th S. -xii. 325. N.Cy.' Nhb.' A brockle
day.
3. Of cattle : liable to break fence.
Dor.' Som. W. & J. Gl. (i873>.
4. sb. Mining refuse and rubbish.
Cor. There are eight pits on the south side. . . . The excavated
waste . . , comes down ... to the foot. . . . Brekkles is their
name for it ; ... brekkles, or brokkles, Blackmore Perlycrois
(1894) xii ; Cor.3
5. V. Of cattle: to break fence. Chs.'^
fpleis es brokel als wax, Melt: Horn. (c. 1325) 154
(Matzner).]
BROCK"WELL, sb. Nhb.' The lowest workable coal-
scam of any district.
BROCKY, adj. Shr. [broki.] Short and stout.
Shr.' Yore new waggoner's despert brocky, 'e'U want a lungish
pitchin' pikel.
BROD, sb} Sc. Also written broad, [brod.]
1. A board ; a shutter.
Or.I. iS.A.S.) Frf. Your A B brod, an' lesson time, Yemaunna
ance forget, Laing Firs. ( 1846) 157. Fif. Birkies vvi' broads afore
and ahint them, M'Laren Tihbie 1 1894) 12. Ayr. Tliey gicd me
first the A B brod [sequel to tlic Hornbook], Sillar Poems (1789;
105 ; After a terr'ble tirlin' at the pin and chappin' on the window
biod, he got Robin up. Service Dr. Diiguid \_iS&-j) 15.
2. The cover of a book.
ne.Sc. There's nae sic a name atween the twabrods o'the Bible,
Grant Keekleton^ 133.
3. The plate for holding the collection in a church.
Sc. The brod was formerly a circular board hollowed out so as
to resemble a plate (Jam. ) ; Dinging down a saxpence in the brod
on the Sabbath, Scott Guy M. (1815') vi. Abd. Abstaining from
dropping into the brod aught else but a copper, Alexander
Johnny Gibb {iS-]i) xi. Ayr. Mr. Covenant, the Elder, was standing
at the brod, Galt Sir .4. llylie ' 1822^ Ixxxvi. e.Lth. They tak
the bawbees in a brod up at the Free, Hu.nter /. ///zi'i:* (1895) 39.
[A pron. of board.]
BROD, sb.^ and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
[brod.]
1. sb. A goad.
Sc. He was never a good aver, that flung at the brod, Kelly
Prov. (,1721) 168. e.Yks. iT.H.', Not. (J H.B.)
2. A short nail, esp. a round-headed nail made by black-
smiths.
Sc. There's a nail and there's a brod. And there's a horsie weel
shod,CHAMiiERsPo/>. 7?/yHifs(i87o) 18. N.Cy.'.Nhb.' Ois. Wm.'
Nails for boot- or shoe-soles. Stf, A man is strong enough to
make 4,752 'dogs' or ' brods ' a week. Sat. Revieiv (i888j 677,
col. 2. Der. Grose (,1790') MS. add. (P.) Lin. Streatfeild Lni.
and Danes (1884) 319. n.Lin.', Nhp.'
3. An awl.
N.Cy.' Der. Grose (I79o^ MS. add. (V.)
4. A rod of pliant wood sharpened at one end, used in
thatching. n.Yks. (I.W.), w.Yks.*
5. An instrument used for cutting up thistles, a weeding-
hoe, a spud. e.Yks.', Lin. (R.E.C.), n.Lin.'
6. A thick stick. nw.Dev.'
7. A stroke with a pointed instrument ; a blow, a
poke.
Sc. (Jam.) 'Xks. I got some hardish brods, Fetiierston T.
Goorkrodger (1870) 67. Dev. Give him a brod, w. Times (Mar. 12,
1886 6.
8. V. To prick, pierce, goad, poke.
Sc. (Jam.) e.Fif. Ane o' them gofs han' broddit with a preen,
Latto T. Bodkin (1894') vi. Dmf. Like cattle brodit wi' a prong,
Mayne Siller Gun (1808) 73. n.Cy. Border GI. {Coll. L.L.B.);
N.Cy.', e.Yks.' w.Yks. T'Missis brodded me wit knitting needle,
Tom Treddlehovle Bairnsla yln7i. 11847)6; w.Yks.^Ofa man in
a crowded theatre it was said, ' He wur that brodded and thrussen
at he wur fair sore.' Lin. Streatfeild Lin. and Z)(r;rf 5 ( 1 884 ) 319.
n L'n.l sw.Lin.' My foot was never relet after he brodded it.
9. To cut up thistles. n.Lin.'
[1. A brod, stiiuuhis, Cath. Aiigl. (1483). 7. Ane ox
that repungnis the brod of his bird, he gettis doubil broddis,
Coiiipl. Scot. (1549) 28. 8. Passand by the plewys, lor
gad wandis, Broddis the oxin wyth speris in our handis,
Douglas Em-ados (1513), ed. 1874, in. 255. Norvv. dial.
brodd, a prick, goad (Aasen).]
BROD, see Brood, Brud.
BRODDLE, V.' n.Cy. Yks. Lan. Lei. Also written
brodle w.Yks. ; braddle Lei.' [brodl.] To probe, poke,
goad, pierce, make holes. See Brod, sb.^
N.Cy.', e.Yks.' w.Yks. Don't broddle thy warking tooth. To
broddle in the water with a stick for fish. Leeds Mer. Sitppl. i Dec.
27, 1890.; w.Yks.' 2; w.Yks.^ A thorn in the hand, rabbit in a
hole, a broken coi'k, are broddled out. ne.Lan.' Lei.' It [an old
Bible in a church] were biaddled, loike, all threw, an' as rotten
as tinder.
Hence Broddler, sb. a toothed instrument for making
holes of an irregular shape. w.Yks.*
BRODDLE, !'.= and sA. Lan. [brodl.]
1. V. To assume, to swagger. Cf. broggle, v.^
Lan. DaVies Raees i 1856) 227 ; Lan.' See heaw he broddles,
Bamford Ed. Tim Bobbin (1850) 145.
Hence Broddlin, ppl. adj. swaggering.
Lan. Still th' broddlin fussuck lookt a feaw as Tunor, Tim
Bobbin yiezv Dial. (1740) 29.
2. sb. A fat person, sw. Lan. (H.M.)
BRODDY, sec Broody.
BRODEND, adj. Or.I. Also written brodent. Accus-
tomed to. Or.I. (S.A.S.), S. & Ork.'
BRODEOUIN
[4u]
BROGUE
BRODEQUIN, sb. Obsol. Abd. (Jam.) A half-boot.
[I can inak schone, brotekins, and buittis, Lindesay
5«/)ve(i535l 3143. Fr. Z>rofl'c(7«;«, buskin ; a\so broitseqiiiit
(Pai-sgr. 907).]
BRODIE, sb. Sc. The fry of the rock-tangle or hettle
codling. (Jam.)
BRODLE, see Broddle.
BRODUCK, see Broad-hook.
BROE, sb. S. & Ork.i The liver of the halibut.
BROE, see Broo.
BROG, sb} and v. Sc. Irel. Wm. Yks. Lan. Lin. Also
written brag w.Yks.* [brog, brog.]
1. sb. A brad-awl or boring instrument.
s.Sc. Entering \vi' the brog ^Jam.). Inv. ^H.E.F.) Arg. The
best [shoes] I ever put brog in, MuNRO Pibroch 1896) 247. Ayr.
A lang brog or wummle to take a potato out of a cow's throat,
Service Dr. Diiguid (,1887) 82. Ir. A^. & Q. (.1872) 4th S.
ix. 476.
2. A large nail.
w.Yks.2 Used in fastening flakes in fences.
3. A branch of a tree, a broken bough, a short stick ;
esp. the branches that are inserted on the sands to mark
out the track.
n.Cy. Grose (1790). Wni.*, n.Yks.* ne.Yks.' In fairly common
use. A brog of oaic. w.Yks. Hutton 7ok/-/o On'« (1781'). n.Lan.
The safe tracks are indicated by brandies of furze, called ' brogs.'
stuck in the sand, Waugh Rambles in Lake Cy. f 1861)46; Ifyesa
a brog on t'sand ye wod think it wos t'French, Morris Siege 0'
Broil' foil {i86j) 6 ; Isn't dhis brog ful a nuts? (W.S.) Lan.^, n.Lan. ^
[They are only branches of furze called ' brogs,' which are set up
to mark the fords, Pay.n Carlyoii's Year, i.]
Hence Brogwood, sb. brushwood ; esp. the undergrowth
on which cattle feed. n.Yks.'
4. A poke or thrust with a stick. Sc. (Jam.), n.L,in. (E..S.)
5. V. To prick, pierce, goad, poke, push with a pointed
instrument.
Sc. D'ye think I was born to sit here brogging an elshin through
bend-leather, Scon Midlolhian (1818) iv. Edb. Instead of driving
a needle through the claith, he brogs it through his ain thumb,
MoiR Maiisie U'aiic/i (^1828) xxvi. n.Yks.^ To bump, as an animal
pushes with its horn. n.Lin. Sutton Lin. JVds. (1B81); n.Lin.^
Hence Broggit-staff, sb. a staff pointed with iron, a
substitute for an axe.
Sc. George Clark, arm'd wl' a broggit-staft, Drummond Miicto-
fiiae/iy (18461 30.
6. To stick branches into the sea-shore.
Lan.i After obtaining a safe ford, the guides, on the Ulverston
and Lancaster sands, mark out the track by inserting branches of
trees. This is called ' broggin' t'channel.'
7. To crop trees. Of cattle : to browse upon the small
hedge-shoots or short herbage; alsoy?^. of persons.
Wm.l Y'ks. Where they have plenty of wood to brog upon,
Knowlson C(7//fr Z)or/o<(i834') 40. n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.^Broggingthe
brous or young branches in a plantation. ne.Yks.^ e.Yks.
Marshall Riir. Ecoit. (1796). ra.Yks.' I shall go to no more
stattis [statufe-hirings] ; I shall brog at home. w.Yks.^
8. To fish for eels. See Broggle, v.' 2.
Ant., Lan. Grose (1790^ MS. add. ^C.) Lan. Broggin for eels
with a pole, or by thrusting a twig, furnished with hook and worm,
into the holes where the eels lie, Davis Races { 1856) 227 ; Lan.^
[8. To broge for eels, Unbare aqiiam ad captaiidas
angiiillas, Coles (1679).]
BROG, sb.^ Lan. [brog.] A bushy or swampy spot.
Lan. Grose (1790) M.S. ada. (C.) ; Davis Races (,1856) 227.
s.Lan. PiCTON Dial. (1865") 10.
BROGER, sb. Yks. [brogafr).] A broker.
e.Yks. A'. £r Q. (1879) 5th S. xi. 58.
[Broggers of corn and forestallcrs of markets. Baker
Citron. (1641), ed. 1679, 391 (N.E.D.). AFr. broggoitr
(10 Rich. II. i. ^ 2).]
BROGGART, sb. Stf.^ [bro-gat.] A hobgoblin. See
Boggart.
BROGGLE, v} and sb} Sc. (Jam.) Yks. Lan. Lin.
Also written brogle (Jam.), [bro'gl.]
1. V. To prick, to poke at ; see Brog, v. 5.
Cld., Lnk. To try in vain to strike a pointed instrument into the
same place. Lth. n.Lin.' You're alus brogglin' at th'firc; noa
.wonder it can't bo'n.
2. To fish for eels.
w.Yks,' Lan. The water is stirred to make the eels come out
of their holes, and then they are struck with pointed sticks (J.D. :
Lan." [(K.)]
3. sb. An ineffectual attempt to strike with a pointed
instrument. Hence Broggler, sb. one who makes this
attempt. Lnk. (Jam.)
[2. To brogue or broggle, to fish for eels, by troubling
the water, Phillips (1706).]
BROGGLE, v:' and si.= Sc. Irel. Nhb. Also written
brogle Nhb.'; brooghle N.I.'
1. V. To bungle, spoil, 'botch.' Sec Boggle, v} 2.
Bwk..SIk. (Jam.) Slk.Brogglingata kittle chaptcrin Nehcmiah,
Hogg Talcs (1838) 188, ed. 1866. N I.» Ant. Ballymcna Obs.
(,1892).
Hence (i) Broggler, sb. a bungler, an untrained, un-
skilful person ; (2) Broggling, pfl. adj. of a road : rough,
uneven ; (3) Brogly, adj. shaky, twisted, uneven.
(i) Slk. (Jam.) Nlib.' lie's just a brogler. (2 N.Cy.', Nhb.'
3) Nlib.' Aa've a pair o' compasses, but thor varry brogly yens.
The road's a varry brogly yen.
2. To patch or cobble shoes. Rxb. (Jam )
3. sb. An unskilful person.
Ant. Ballvnicua Obs. (1892).
BROGGLE, sb.^ Shr. [brogl.] A brawl, quarrel.
Slir.'Theintheerneighboursof ours bin aukcrt folks tolive anuiist,
but we never consarn 'em, an' so we never 'ave no broggilwuth 'cm.
BROGGLE, v.^ Der. Oxf Also in form brodgle
nw.Der.' To boast. Cf. broddle, v.'^ Oxf MS. add.
Hence Brodgelin, />/>/. adj. swaggering, blustering.
nw.Der.' Wot a brodgelin' fello dhat iz.
BROGH AND HAMMER, phr. Sc. Also in form
brugh and hammer Lnk.; brochan'hainiil BntT.'; brogh
and hamniell Abd. ; brough and hamble Sh.I. Proof,
evidence, legal security ; alsoy?^.
SIi.L If they cannot give you a satisfying account thereof and
brough and hamble, you are to inform against them, Insl. for
Rancehiicn Snrv. App. 8 (Jam.*). Bnff.' To take broch an' haimil
[to take into one's consideration]. Abd. (Jam.') Lnk. Wlien one in
a market purchases goods ... he asks the seller to gie him brugh
and hammer o' them [satisfactory evidence that he came lioncstly
by them] (lA.). Ltli. Ye maun bring brogh and hammer for't jb.).
[The same as the old legal phr. iori,'/; of hamliald \haym-
halde), security that the goods sold are the seller's lawful
property ; see Skene E.xpos. (1641) 22. It is a statute be
king David, that na man sail buy anie thing, except he
quha selles the saniine finde to the buyer ane lawfull
borgh (quhilk commonlie is called an ' borgh of haime-.
hald,' Reg. Mnj. bk. i. xviii. § i (Jam.). For born/i see
Borrow, sb. Hamliald is the same as ON. hdmold {-i/d),
right of possession ; cp. heimoll, property' in one's full
possession (Vici-usson).]
BROGH, see Brugh.
BROGHAN, see Brochan.
BROGLE, see Broggle.
BROGUE, 5i.' Sc. [brSg.T A trick, an 'ofl"-take.'
Sc. (Jam.) S. & Ork.' Ayr. Ye came to Paradise incog.. An'
play'd on man a cursed brogue. Burns Address to Dcd (1785)
St. 16,
BROGUE, sb.' Sc. Irel. Wm. Yks. Lan. Also written
brough Wxf.' [brog.]
1. A kind of rough shoe, made geii. of untanncd hide,
and stitched with thongs of leather.
Sc. The Highlanders, who wore thin-soled brogues, . . . and
moved with a peculiar springing step, Scott U'averley (1814'! xvi.
Inv. For use with the modern Highland dress (H.E.F.). Elg. Her
nninsel', like the Apostle, Will dicht the dirt frae affhcr brogues.
Tester Poems (1865) 164. Abd. Auld Rob Wren That maks an'
men's the brogues Sae strong, CocKSiiiiplc Strains (18101 II. 120.
Lth. Puir folk may want brogues, but they never want brose,
Ballantine Poems 1 1856 218. Ir. Commonly used by the wilder
Irish (K.) ; Never mind their feet: sure they've their brogues on,
Paddiaiin (1848) I. 17; Sure, I was thinkin ' they've took away
me ould brogues on me, Barlow /(/v//i 1,1892 71. N.I.' As vulgar
as a clash o' brogues [very vulgar indeed]. Vls.Jm. y^fc/i. (1853-
i862\ S.Don. Simmons Gl. (1890 . Wxf. De brogues matched
so bad wud de coat, Kennedy Eicniiigs Dnffrey (1869) 291 ; Wxl.'
3 G2
BROGUES
[412
BROKYLL
Smack lick a dab of a brougli, 96. Tip. The row of nails he had
driven into the toe of his brogue, Kickham Kiiockimgow, 283.
Hence (i) Brogan, si. a coarse, light kind of shoe made
of horse-leather ; (2) Brogueen.sA. a little boot.
(i) Gall. A tramp of heavy Galloway brogans was heard,
Crocket! Bog-M_vr//e ' i8gs 294- (2) Ir. Uigant little high-heeled
bioguecns, Barlow Keirigan 11894) 105.
2. Comp. (i) Brogue-leather, the leather from which
brogues are made ; Jig. an inferior kind of cheese made
from skini-milk ; (2) -shod, wearing brogues.
(i) Ant. fW.H.P.) Glw. 'Tis me that tans the brogue leather,
Harrington Skelclies (1830) III. xvii. (2" Fif. The biogue-shod
men of gen'rous eye, Tennant Aiisler (1812) xx.\vii.
3. A heavy clog.
Wm. Worn by drainers. Them's summat like a pair o brogues
(B. K.\ Yks. A coarse shoe with a wooden sole and heel, bound
round with iron, Grose (1790 j1/5. rtrfrf. ,C.) Lan. Bigger skeawn-
drills never troad'n brogues. Ti.M Bobdin Vicia Dial. ^174°) i.
[My clouted brogues, Shaks. Cyiitb. iv. ii. 214. Ir.byog;
Gael, brog, a shoe ( Macb.m.n).]
BROGUES, sb. pi. Yks. Lan. Der. Brks. e.An. Amer.
[brogz.] Breeches ; esp. those made of leather.
e.Ylis. Olis., tho' in remote country districts the old tailors used
to apply the term to trousers. The Blue coat children, in Beverley,
used to wear leather breeches, often called brogues, Nicholson
Flk-Sp. (1889: ; e.Yks.i MS. add. (T.H.) sw.Lan. (H.M.), Der.i,
nw.Der.', Brks. vF.H.\ e.An.', Nrf.', Suf.' [Amer. Every man
being ordered to tuck in his shirt-tail and pull up his brogues,
Irving Kiiickei backer (1809 > Bartlett^.]
[The skirts of their coates . . . are gathered within long
stammel broges that reach to their ancles, Sandys Trav.
(1615) 48. Cp. LG. broke, hose, trousers (Berghaus) ;
MLG. brok (ScHILLER-LiJBBEN).]
BROICH, see Broach.
BROIGH, V. and sb. Sc. Irel.
1. V. To be in a state of violent perspiration and panting.
Lnk. f Jam.) Ant. Here he comes broighan an sweatin', Bally-
wena Obs. (1892).
2. sb. A state of perspiration. Per., Lnk. (Jam.)
[Ir. brui^/n'm, I boil (O'Reilly) ; Gael, bniich, to boil,
simmer (IVIacleod & Dewar).]
BROIL, v.^ and sb.^ Cum. Yks. Won Also written
bruil Cum. [broil.]
1. V. To throw into a state of heat ; also used iiifraiis.
w.Yks. A chap at's moiled an' broiled an' done his best to keep
body an' sowl together, Cudworth Sketches (1884) 11. Wor.
Cider I couldn't alius taake, a wuz used to broil mah, Bcrrow's
Jrit. (Mar. 9, 1895 4.
2. sb. A condition of heat.
Cum. My het bluid, my heart aw in a bruil, Relfe Misc. Poems
(1747) Harvest.
BROIL, sb.^ and v." Dev. Cor. [broil, brail.]
1. sb. Mining term: earthon the surface indicating a vein
of metal.
Cor. Sometimes we do discover the lode by a broil, Forfar
Pentowan (1859) v; Cor.' Broil, the burnt stuff, word used by
Berryman, who professes to find lodes to this day by the divining
rod; Cor.2
2. The trimmings and cuttings of hedges. s.Dev.
(G.E.D.)
3. V. To discover metal from the earth thrown up by
the heat of the vein. Cor.'
BROIL, sb.^ Cor. An eddy.
Cor. The inner or old quay would be unnecessary, if not
injurious, in creating an eddy or broil when a storm rages, Ouiller-
CoucH Hist. Polperro (1871,1 38.
BROILING-IRON, sb. Obs. n.Lin.> A gridiron.
BROILLERIE, sb. Obs. Sc. A struggle, disturbance.
Fif. Whan that broillcrie was dune, Baith erth below and
heaven abune Bare witness to that tulzie, Tennant Papistry
(1827 89.
[OFr. bniiUerie, disturbance, dissension (Godefroy
Suppl.).]
BROITCH, sec Broach.
BROK, see Brock.
BROKE, sb. Yks. Ken. Sur. Sus. [biok.]
1. .\ rupture, scrotum hernia; applied only to animals
and esp. to pigs. Ken. (P.M.); Ken.' Hence Broke,
adj. afflicted with scrotum hernia. Ken. (P.M.)
2. A pig, or occas. a sheep, afflicted with scrotum hernia.
Ken. Hadden' \ve better kill dem two brokts ■ (P.M.)
3. A fall of timber ; a large quantity ot timber. Sur.',
Sus.'
4. A stub in a hedge, formed by cutting the top of
a sapling in such a way that the lower part of the stem
sends out branches.
Ken. A broke standing in the hedge on the west side of the
wood, Morris //;'5/. Wye 1,1842, 192; Brokes are formed in this
way to ser%'e as boundaiy marks (P.M.).
5. A piece of peatj' soil, which has broken away from
the mass. w.Yks. (S.K.C.)
BROKE, V. n.Cy. Yks. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.]
1. To crowd together under a broken bank ot earth, as
sheep. n.Cy. (Hall.), w.Yks.'
2. To b)oke over, to cover with wings. w.Yks.'
[To broke, to keep safe, Kersey (1715'-]
BROKE, />^ Wil. Som. In fo;«/i. (i) Broke backed,
loose-jointed, unstable, rickety; (2) -bellied, ruptured;
(3) -victuals, leavings of food, remnants of meals.
11) w.Som.' Bioak-baak-ud oal shan'dreedan. (2) Wil.' (3)
w.Som.' Plaiz tu gi mee u beet u broa'k viiflz.
[ME. broke, pp. broken, oft. in comp., as in P. P/owmait
broke legged (c. ix. 143), bioke-schoiiket (a. vn. 131).]
BROKE, see Brook.
BROKEN, ppl. adj. and sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Ircl.
and Eng. Written brokken- Lan.' e.Lan.' Chs.'
1. ppl. adi. in comb, (i) Broken-backed, (a) damaged,
worthless; (6) loaded with wealth ; (2) -backed graves,
see below; (3) -bellied, (a) big-bellied ; (b) suffering from
hernia ; (4) -b ed, crossed between two breeds ; (5) -down
tradesman, a boys' game ; (6) — gate, a road driven in
the coal diagonally to the cleavage; (7) — grass, grass
mown after a field has been grazed by cattle all the
summer ; (8) -haired, or -yured, (a) half-bred, having
rough wiry hair; (b) applied to anything spurious or
underbred, not straightforward ; (9) — man, an outlaw ;
(10) — meat, meat left after a meal; (11) -mouthed,
having lost the teeth ; (12) — pattern, in weaving : when
the ordinary pattern of 'crossover' is varied by broader
stripes at intervals ; (13) -ribbed, see below ; (14) — up,
started, begun, commenced.
1,1, a) n.Lin,' Sich'n a lot o' broaken-back'd rattle-traps as ther'
was. (6) Wm. He was brokkun backt wi brass (B.K.). (2) Ess.
The Rector directed my attention to various graves depressed in
the centre. ' These indicate that the person buried died of con-
sumption : all who die of that disease have sooner or later broken-
backed graves,' c.Ait. N. V Q. (1839). (3, a) Chs.' When a cow
or ewe has had many calves or lambs, the animals are said to be
brokken-ballied. (6)Wm. iB.K.) (4) w.Yks. (,S.P.U.) (5) N.I'
(6) w.Yks. (S J.C.) (7) Lei.', Nhp.' (,8, a) Lan.', e Lan.', Chs.'
{b) Lan.' He favvours a brokken-yure't doctor, or summat, Waugh
OwdBl. (1867) iv. Ch=.'3 (9) Sc. He belted the broadsword to his
side, and became a broken-man, Scorr Rob Roy (1817) xxvi ;
Where be ye gaun, ye broken men, ib. Minstrelsy (1802I Kintnotit
Willie. (10) Nhb.' (11) se.Wor.', Brks.' Hrt. Broken-mouthed
sheep, Ellis Cy. Hsivf. (1750). Wil.' Hmp. Old father an'
dog both dribbles together, they do, they be that broaken mouthed
(W.M.E.F.); (J.R.W.) ; Hrap.i 12) Chs.' (13') sw.Lin.' ' He's
gotten broken-ribbed to day.' Said of a man who has had his
banns of marriage published. 14) w.Sc. (Jam. Suppl.)
2. Of a word becoming disused : obsolete, uncommon.
Sur. A'. & Q. (1874) ,=;th S. i. 361 ; Sur.'Summut of a broken word.
3. sb. A part of the mine where ' pillars ' or masses of
coal are being removed.
Nhb.i Nhb., Dur. Grf.enwell Coal Tr. Gl. (1849^; (J.J.B.)
[Wages for working out ' brokens,' that is, broken ground in a
mine, Gl. Lab. (1894X1
BROKER'S SWIPE-SHOP, //;r. Yks. A low kind of
public-house kept by a ship-broker. Yks. Gl. Lab. (1894I.
BROKET, sb. Obs.1 Nhb. The sea-lark, Alaiida
pelrosus (Newman).
Nhb. Pennant Tour Sc. (1790) I. 48 (Hall.) ; Nhb.'
BROK"yLL, sec Bruckle.
BROLE
[413]
BROOGHLE
BROLE, see Browl.
BRONiD, see Brand.
BRONDLING, see Brandling.
BRONGA, sb. S. & Ork.' Also in form brunga. A
well, a spring ol water. ^
BRONGE, see Braunge.
BRONGIE,56. Sh.I. The young cormorant, /y,«/«c;o-
corax carbo. '
Sh.I. SwAiNsoN Birds (1885^ 142; The brongie is of a dusty
bionn cobiir on the back, Edmo.nston Z<//. (1809, II. 250 J,\.m. .
BRONK. see Brankfs.
v^^^M^^a'r-- yi^s- Not. Lin. Also in form bunkus
wAks.^ Not.'^ Lm.i sw.Lin.' [bro'ijkas ] A donkey.
Cf. ftmkas. ^
nYks. ^I.W.) e.Yks.i In w.IIolderncss 'bunkas' is occas
used, but veiy rarely (s.v. Funkas}. w.Yks. iJE.B.); w.Yks =
When a lot of juveniles have been giving chase to one, the phr.
J7\xr^ ""^ " " '^""'^"s' ''as gone fiom mouth to mouth.
Not. What s thee arter, bcnsilling bunkus a' that how 1 N & U
(i865^3rd S.vii. 212; Not.i3 Lin.' The bronkus ran heUer skelter
over the cratch. n.Lin. Sutton H'ds. ( 1881 '. sw Lin »
BRONSE, V. Sc. [bronz.] To overheat oneself bv
sitting in the hot sun or too near a hot fire.
Sc. (Jam.) Per. Lassie, ye'll bronze yerscl i' the sun 'G W "i
BRONTITIS, see Brown-Titus.
BROO s6» Sc. Irel. Yks. Also in forms brew, broe
Sc. Jam ) ; breau n.Cy. ; bru S. & Ork.' [briTl
1. broth, juice, liquor. See Bree, si."
Sc. Bid Kate set on the broo, Scott Waicrlev 1 1814) xlii • Fry
stanes wi butter and the broo ^v\\\ be gude, Henderson 'Prov
CA f ,^ 5. ed. 1881. S. & Ork.i Frf. Drink the devil's broo, Watt
Skckl.cs (1880) 23. Fif. The broo boils up wi' sotterin' sound
lEN.NANTPfl/.,5/;T (1827) 39. Rnf. Gied the kye the broo to drink'
Baur Poems (1861) 50. Ayr. Kate sits i' the neuk Suppin' heri
broo, Burns Gude en st. 2. Edb. A tankard of broo-and-bread,
MoiR Mmiste Waiuh (1828) xxiv. Bwk. Horsley tattie broo. Gars
the swine skunner, Henderson Pop. Rhymes (1856) 89
2. Spoon-meat, fat skimmed from the pot to make
brevvis (q.v.).
n.Cy. (K.) n.Yks.Here'stdubler broken, and nowthcrsowl nor
breau, Meriton Praise Ale {i6&^) 1. 213.
3. Water, esp. snow water.
fJk\^- "^'"ii' 'lf"ol'"'t°' ''•■',"''' ^"' ="='"' '"■°°' Latto T. Bodkin
U864; "■ Dmb. Blashy wi snaw broo, Cross Disruption (1844)
xxvi. Ayr. In many a torrent do^vn his snaw broo rowes, Burns
£;7^5o/^_,t(i787;, St. 7. N.I.i
{Erode hxo\\^, pottage, brue, Cotcr. ; The brue of this
fleshe, Dalry.mi'le Leslies Hist. Scot. (isq6) I. q; OFr
bro, broth; cp. \\..br6do, any kindof kitchen-broth (Florio) •
see Hatzfeld (s.v. Z?ra«f/).] "
r^BROO, sb? Sc. Irel. Nhb. Also written brew Sc.
Ibru.J Good opinion, inclination, taste for. Gen. used in
the negative.
Sc. Thir rklings and wappen-schawings, I hae nae broo o' them
ava, Scott Old Mo.iahiy (,8.6) vii ; She had nae great brew o'
the minister, Dickson ^,,/rf^/,,,. (,892) 67. Dml,. I ha'e nae brew
o bills Cross D.sn.ptwn (1844I xviii. Ayr. I canna say I hae ony
broo o the law, Galt S;^ A. IVylie , 1822 . vi. Edb. I have no brew
of your auld Major Weir, Moir Afansie IVanch (1828) vii Bwk
Ihe goodman o' Kilpalet-Owre simple for this world, And has
nae broo o the next, Henderson Pop. Rhymes I i&k6^ 1,6 Ant I
have a very poor broo of it (W.H P.). Nhb." Aa bed no broo on't.
r. ^-^°°^,-5*- , Yks Lan. 'Written brea, brou m.Yks.'
[bill, m.Yks. also bn.]
1. Brother.
ii T^^"'' Vl"l'^ ""I? Pi"J°. "''""= ''^'^^•<^'=" Sail an her broo,
11. 287 ; w.Yks.3 m.Yks > He's going to Thirsk, to see his brea
Lan. Be up at once, and doin'. Though th' wark may be up broo
6<(^s. ; 1867 I 30 ; Lan.i, e.Lan.' '
2. Comp. Broo-chip, a person of the same trade ; a chip
of the same block. w.Yks.' ^
[Cp. pron. in Norw. dial. «;w and boa (Aase.^, s.v
Broaer).] ^ j ••
BROO, see Brae, Brow.
BROOCH, see Broach, Brook.
BROOD, sh. and v. Sc. Lin. Nhp. Som. Dev. Cor
Also written brod Sc. (Jam.) S. & Ork.' ; brude Sc. [brSd ]
1. sb. A htter of pigs.
-,1?T..^ """""d °''Pifna5 our John, in the truly Devonian phrase,
cal ed them ), Bray Dese. Tamar and Javy ^18^6 III 276
Hence Broddy, adj. applied to a sow with a litter.
Bwk. The auld broddy sow. That wallows in the midden hole !
Henderson Pop. Rhymes (1856) 81.
\ ^<?'°n"/ "*''!'' i "'^ youngest child of a family.
Pop. Rhymes (1870^ 24, Rxb. (Ja.m. )
3. A goose that has hatched goslings. S. & Ork '
4 Comp. (i) Brodmil, a brood; (2) Brodis-mother
^tmifv'" i'^^rW^'A'"^'"' ^^''-■'^'^"^: ('> 'he mother of
a lamily ; (3) Brood-hen, a sitting hen
riAVtR^;f ^•-"'^°'^"V' °'"'>i'-'-''' chuckens, ALEXANDERyo/;«,y,
G'ii (187.) xh.i (2, «.Lth.Of abroodyhen: She's a gude brods-
mother Jam.) (A) Ags. Said of one about to become a slepmother:
She II m,-.k an dl brod-molher (,i.). (3) Sc. Kill the brood-hen with-
out thinking twice on it, Scott Bride 0/ Lam. (,1819) vii
°- ^ >^""g apple-tree shoot, which comes from a sucker
Som. The shoots from the stock of an apple are called • brood '
—as opposed to the ' graft' (W.F.R.).
6. Impurities mi.xed with ore. Cor.*''
7. Beds of hard brown oolite in quarries
Nlip. Phillips Geol. (1871) 408.
8. V. To nurse, fondle, as a mother does her child.
sw.Lin.i Must I brood thee then, my bairn? w.Som. Her do
broody over thick there cheel ^F.T.E.).
(WF°Rr"'^ °"' suckers, used' of apple-trees. Som.
BROODIN, see Browden.
BROCDLE, r. Lin. Shr. Dev. Also in form broozle
bhr.'; brudle Dev. [brudl.]
1. To brood like a hen over her chickens; to fondle.
nLm. Look at him broodlin' th' little lad as if noabody niver hed
a bairn afoore (M.P.) ; n.Lin.i I niver but once afoore seed a cat
broodle a yung duck. Shr.i^ Dev. See there, Betty is broodling
Ahck, zv.Times (Mar. 12, 1886) 6, col. 4.
2. To meditate, reflect; to let a child lie till quite
awake. ^
Dev. Grose (1790 MS. add. ; C.l n.Dev. An' zcnt en on tha
qiiarl ta broodle. Rock Jim an Ae/l . iBbj , st. 115 ; Of a child
when just waking: Purty thing, it hathn't broodled yet, ,/,. Gl.
BROODY, adj. In gen. dial, use in Sc. and Eng. Also
written broddy Nhb.'; bruddy se.Wor.'
1. Prolific, inclined to breed ; having a brood.
Sc. She was a kindly broody creature, Ruickdie Wavsidc Cot
i«o7i 177 (Jam). Dmf. Coaxin' me tae mak' a splutter. An' wvie
me Irae their broody litter, Quinn Heather Untie (ed. 1863^,72
Nhb.i 'Broody, or 'broddy,' is said ofa matron who has her children
in quick succession.
2. Of lowls : inclined to sit.
Wm., -Yks. (B.K.) w.Yks.2 Lan. A broody hen crow'd from
her perch on a cob, Harland Lyrics (1866 i is; Lan' Clis •
s Chs.', Stf.^ Der.l ' Chuckish,' they say in Ken. ; Der.a, „;.Der:i'
w' / ,^,f dr^^''^ "■"■■ "'"" brcwdy shay'd 'a sot up of a 'edge-ug.
War.(J.R.W.l; War.3,se.Wor.l, Shr.'2 Oxf.' .1/5. «rfrf. Hmp I
Dor. Barnes Gl. 1863). Som. tW.F.R.) w.Som.' The spicketv
hen s gettin [breodeej, I shall zit her 'pon duck-eggs Dev Zo
tatchee s a old broody 'en, HtWErr Peas. Sp. (1892 12 • Dev '
Hence Broodiness, sb. the condition of a hen when
she wants to sit.
'^''V. ^t'?""^ methods are practised to make a hen's broodiness
'go oil. The most extraordinary is to tie a bit of tape round her
tail ; because a hen which is broody spreads her tail, and the
ligature prevents her doing so, and thus is supposed to dispel her
broodiness. s Chs.>
3. Sullen, sour-tempered, sulky, cross.
-Wil. (G.E.D.) Dor. Gl. 1,1851). n.Dev. The Squire was so
broody since his trouble, Chanter IVitch (1896^ iii.
4. Cloudy, dark, gloomy.
Nhp.' A broody sky.
[1. The women are very broodie and apt for generation
Wallace 0;Xvw:>' (1693) 30; Broudie, /o<f;w/«5, Levins
Manip. (1570). 2. They cannot spare the peahens
company, while they are broody and sitting, Holland
Ptiuv (ed. 1634) I- 301-]
BROOF, sec Brough.
BROOGHLE, see Broggle.
BROOI
[414I
BROOM
BROOI, sb. S. & Ork.' The master of the house ;
a term of familiarity, brother. See Broo, sb.^
BROOIT, see Breward.
BROOK, sb.^ Var. dial, uses in Eng.
1. In coinp. (i) Brook-apple, the water used in the
manufacture of cider ; (2) -lime, (a) Veronica Beccabiinga
(Chs. Yks. Der. Suf. Hmp.' Dev.* and in gen. use) ; (b)
the large form of Nasturtium officinale (Bck.) ; (c) Hclo-
sciadiuni nodijlonmi (War.) ; (3) -ouzel, (4) -runner, the
water- rail, /^rt////s aqiia/iciis ; (5) -sparrow, the sedge-
warbler, Salicaria phraginitis.
(i) Wor. The brook-apple is a very bad cider fruit (E.S.). (3)
[FoRSTER Szvallows (ed. 1817)87 ; Swainson Bixis (1885) 176.]
(,4) w.Wor. Berrow's Jin. (Mar. 3, 1888). [Swainson ib. 176.]
(5^ n.Wil. In the osier-bed the brook-sparrow chatters, Jefferies
JF;W Lt/e (1879) 63. Wil.i
2. A water-meadow ; pi. low marshy ground, not neces-
sarily containing running water or springs.
Ken. Common (P.M.) ; Ken.l^, Sus.l
[2. Cp. Du. broeck, moorish or marshy land (Hexham) ;
MLG. brbk, 'Bruch, eine tiefliegende von Wasscr durch-
brochcne, mit Geholz bestandene Flache ' (Schiller-
LiJBBEN).]
BROOK, sb? Sc. Yks. Lin. e.An. Also in form breuk
Sc. (Jam.) ; breeak n.Yks.^ ; brooch e.An.' ; bruick- Sc.
(Jam. Siippl.)
1. A boil or abscess ; a running sore.
Sc. On ilka knee she had a breuk, -S/ncfec. Mag. (June 1817')
238 (Jam.). n.Yks.i He's had a strange vast o' thae nasty brooks
an' byles aboot 'im ; n.Yks.^ w.Yks. (C.C.R.) Lin. Skinner
(1671) ; (R.E.C.) ; Lin.i, e.An.'
2. Conip. Bruick-boil, an inflamed tumour or swelling
of thd glands under the arm. Sc. (Jam. Siippl.)
BROOK, sb.^ Sh.I. In plir. a brook of ivare, a quan-
tity of seaweed driven on shore by stormy weather.
See Ware, sb.
Sli.I. In common use :K.I.).
[ON. bruk, ' alga aestu maris evulsa ' (Egilsson).]
BROOK, I'.' Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also
written bruck, bruick Sc. ; bruik Sc. (Jam.) n.Cy. ;
bruke Sc. (Jam.)
1. To use, possess, enjoy.
Sc. God grant 3-our lordship may well brook your new conquest,
ScoTT Nigel (1822) xxxiv ; When a person is wearing a new dress
it is freq. said, 'Weil bruik your new' (Jam.) ; An' syne the crop,
in thack an' rape, Now snugly bruicks its winter cape, A. Scott
Poems (1808) 95. Abd. Sic brook their wealth wi' better grace,
Shirrefs Poems (1790) 292. Lnk. Lang may they bruck The
gear they ha'e won, Hamilton Poems (1865) 151. Dmf. Weel
may he bruik his new apparel, Mayne Siller Gun (1808) 14.
2. To bear, carry the name.
Abd. The name her ain grandame brooked, Ross Hehiwre
(17681 10, cd. 1812.
3. In phr. to brook one's uame, to answer in one's dis-
position to the purport of one's name.
Ken.' Mrs. Buck makes every week washin' week ; she brooks
her name middlin', anyhows [see Buck, si.] ; Ken.^
4. To grace, become.
Sc. He bruiked it weel, Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) Bwk.
She ' brookit her place ' right faithfully, Henderson Pop. Rhymes
(1856, 76.
5. To bear, endure, suffer ; to digest, ' stomach.'
n.Cy. Border Gl. {Coll. L.I..B. ; Glo.=, Nrf.l
Hence Brookable, adj. endurable, tolerable.
Sc. It s.iU be mair brookable for the Ian' o' Sodom, Henderson
St. Malt. (1862) X. 15.
6. Obs. Of clouds : to draw together and threaten rain.
With prep. Jip.
s.Cy. Grose (1790). s. & e.Cy. Ray (i6gi). Sus. Kennett
Par. ylii/iq. (1695).
Hence Brooking, ppf. adj. See below.
Hit. Lest their gravelly soil should be bashed and bound by-
brooking or great rains, Ellis Mod. Hush. (1750) VI. iii.
7. To need, require.
Yks. The hills brooked the rain (G.H.G.).
[ME. bruke {Cursor M. 2589) ; OE. brucan, to enjoy.]
BROOK, if.2 and sb." Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Also
e.An. Dor. Also in forms brack- Ir. ; 'oreuk Cum.' ;
break, brock-, brouk- Sc. (Jam.) ; bruck Sc. e.An.' ;
biuik Sc.
1. V. To soil with soot; to dirty; to become spotted,
streaked. Cf. bruckle, vi^
n.Sc. (Jam.) Abd. In regular use (W.M.). Bnff.' Fin the
sheep begin to black and brook (s. v. Gair). Nhb. Grose (1790'.
Hence (i) Broakitness, sb. the state of being streaked
with black or white, or with dirt ; (2) Brooked, ppl. adj.
(a) streaked with dirt, grimy, soiled with tears, &c. ; (i)
of sheep or cows : spotted, streaked, having black or
white faces ; (c) of oats : black and white growing pro-
miscuously ; (3) Brookie, (n) sb. a person whose face is
streaked with dirt ; a blacksmith ; (b) adj. smutty, sootj',
having a dirty face ; (4) Brookie-face, sb., see Brookie
(a) ; -faced, see Brookie (b).
(I) So. I Jam.) (2, a) Sc. Eh ! sic a brookit bairn ! What has
he been blubberin' about ? [ib.) Abd. Lat me to the brooket knave I
Cock Simple S/rains (1810) II. 137. Frf. [Vulcan] a limpin'
spaviet, bruikit wicht. Beattie Aitdia' (c. 1820) 30, ed. 1882.
Lth. Wee bit bruckit, drunken bodie, Ballantine Poems (1856)
140. Wra. He gat drunk an' com hiam wi his fiace o' briakt wi
grime(B.K.). e.An.' Sometimes used 7?^. A brucket complexion.
(b) Sc. The brockit cow has a quey, Scott Midlolliian ( 1818) xxxix.
Kcd. My sister lost the brocket lam'. Grant Z-nvs (1884) 13. s.Ir.
The bracket heifer, Croker Leg. (1862) 141. Cum.' Dor. These
sheep have black noses, and are rather black intermixed with
white near the hoof ; they are said to be brooked, Marshall
Review (181 7) V. 279. (f) Nai. Gl. Siirv. (Jam.) (3, a) Sc. This
coach . . . Old Brookie made with his own hand, Meston Poems
(1767) 125 (Jam.). (A) Kcd. Gie yer bruikie face a dicht, Grant
Lays (1884) 84. (4) Bnff.'
2. sb. Soot adhering to kettles, pots, &c.
n.Sc. (Jam.) Abd. (A.W.) ; In regular use (W.M.).
BROOK, v.^ Dev. To wither, to dry.
nw.Dev.' The hay's hardly brook'd enoo vor carr*.
Hence Brooking, ppl. adj. drying.
nw.Dev.' 'Tis a nice brookin' day to-day.
BROOLYIE, see Brulyie.
BROOM, sb. and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
Also written breeam n.Yks.'^ ; broon-Nhb.'; brum Nhb.'
Shr.' Brks.i
1. sb. In comb, (i) Broom-bat, a broomstick; (2)
-besom, a besom rnade of broom ; (3) -clisher, a broom-
maker ; (4) -cow, a broom or heather bush ; (5) -dasher,
(a) a maker and seller of brooms ; (6) a careless, slovenly,
dirty person ; (6) -dog, an instrument for rooting up
broom ; (7) -squire, see -dasher (a) ; (8) -stail, a broom-
stick; (9) -stick marriage, (10) -stick match, a marriage
contracted to save the legitimacy of a child ; see below ;
(11) -striking, using the plough without its mould-board;
(12) -swike, a twig of a heather-broom; (13) -tea, an
infusion of the green twigs of broom, used medicinally,
esp. in cases of dropsy ; (14) -thackit, overgrown with
broom.
(i I Ken. (P.M.) (2) Nhb, He'll myek us broom buzzums for
nowse, Tynesidc Sngs. {ed. 1891) 144; Nhb.' (3) Sus.' (4) Sc.
A broom-cow at his feet, Scott Miits/relsy (1802) IIL 30, ed. 1848.
15, a)I,ei.i Ken. (H.M.); (P.M.); Ken.', Sus.', Hmp.' (i) Ken.'
(6) Kcd. Agi-ie. Stirv. 447 (Jam.). (7) Sur. [Applied to] the squatters
in the Punch Bowl [Hindhead], Baring-Gould Broom-Squire
(1896) iii. Sus.' Hmp. Others who go by the name of broom-
squires make brooms from the heath. Heath Eng. Peas. (1893)
137. Som.W. & J. G/. (1873). w.Som.' They there broom-squires
be the ones that do's it [steal eggs]. (8) w.Yks.^, Not.', Lei.'
War.^ A broom-stail would have a shaped end to fit into the hole
of the broom. Wor. (J.W.P.) (9) e.An.' Otherwise Hop-pole
marriages. (10) Lon. I never had a wife, but I have had two or
three broomstick matches, Mayhew Lond. Labour (1851) I. 353.
(i I) Ken. Morton Cvffo.^^c/c. (1863). (i2)Cor.'= (13) n.Yks.2,
w.Yks.2, Chs.' Shr.' Yo should'n get some brum tay this spring-
time ; it's a mighty good thing for the stomach. (14) n.Cy. Border
Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.)
Hence Broomy, adj. covered with broom.
Abd. Past the broomy brae. Cock Sim/ile Stiains (1810) II. 122.
Kcd. The broomy knowes, Grant Lays (1884) 134. Per. The
shepherd's reeking cot Peeps from the broomy glen, Nicoll
Poems (1837) 77, ed. 1843.
2. In phr. (i) to hang the broom out of imndoiv, a sign to
BROOMLE
[415]
BROTH
signify that the wife is from home and that the husband
will receive friends ; see Besom; (2) not to hang out the
broom, to be very particular as to character, ,^c., before
engagmg servants, labourers, &c. : (3) to be mops anil
brooms, mtoxicated ; (4) to broom-field, to inherit the entire
property, make a clean sweep of it ; (5) give it broom,
a direction in curling : sweep the running s'tone.
(i)Der.i,Brks.i 2) Wil.' I hain't a-gwain to hangout the broom.
(3) Dev. Reporls Proviiic. (1877) 128. S\ans. Hoiiseliold IVonls
("8541 75- (4'Nrf.l (5I Per. (G.W.)
3. The heather, Calluna vulgaris. n.Yks.
4. The j'ellow bed-straw, Galinin veriim. Shr.'
5. V. To signal by a broom how many whales are
taken.
Sc. They had broomed the ship, Scott Piia/e ^1821) xxi.
BROOMLE, see Bramble.
BROON, see Broom.
BROOSE, sb. Obs. Sc. Nhb. Also written braize,
brooze Nhb.; brouze Sc. ; bruize, bruse Sc. (Jam.)
[brviz, Abd. briz.] A race on horseback at a country
wedding, from the church, or the bride's former home,
to the bridegroom's house. Cf bride-ale, bride-door.
Sc. Tliere will be a hundred strapping Elliots to ride the brouze,
Scott B/k. Divarf • i8i6j vii ; It's ne'er a gude aiver that flung at
the broose, Henderson Prov. (1832^ 82, ed. 1881. Per. Tammy,
ye're first— but tailors for a broose! Haliburton //orare U886^ 30.'
Ayr. At brooses thou had ne'er a fellow, Burns To his Aiild
Marc, St. 9. Slk. But nae races for siller or leather like a— broose,
Chr. North Nodes (ed. 1856I II. 80. Nlib. He who arrives first
may claim a kiss from the bride. Such a wedding is called a ■ riding
wedding,' and the race ' running the braize, or brooze,' Henderson
FlkLore {i&-,g) \.
BROOST, sb. Sc. A spring or violent motion
forward.
Sc. The yaud she made a broost Wi' ten yauds' strength and
mair, UooG Jacob, Rcl. (1819) I. 71 (Jam.).
BROOSTLE, see Brustle.
BROOZLE, see Broodle, Brustle.
BRORD, see Brewatd.
BROSE, sb. Sc. Nhb. Also Cor. [broz.l
1. Oatmeal mixed with boiling water or milk ; porridge.
Sc. My sinews braced by gude meal brose, Allan Ltlls (1874
231. Abd. Brose made o' the best o' meal. Cock Simple Strains
(1810^ I. 136. Kcd. Sups his brose an' kail, Gr Am Lays (1884)
17. Fif. He has to work a' day on a bowl o' brose, Robertson
Provost (1894) 121. Ayr. They maun hae brose and brats o'
duddies. Burns To Dr. Blacktoct ( 1789, st. 6. e.Lth. Esau, wha
sell't his birthright for a bowl o' brose, Hunter/. Inzfic/h (1895.
210. Bwk. Are ye for parritch or brose ? Henderson Pop. Rhvmcs
(1856) 50. n.Cy. Border Ct. {Coil. L.L.B.) Nhb. The kitchen
woman offered it yowe browse, Richardson Borderers Table-bl;
(1846J VII. 138.
Hence (ij Brosilie, adv., fig. in an inactive manner; (2)
Brosiness, sb. a state of semi-fluidity; fig. inactivity
heaviness; (3) Brosy, (a) adj. stout, well-fed; (b) ad/.,
/;,^. soft, inactive; (c) s6. a very fat person ; (4) Brosy-airt,
adj. fat, inactive, heavy; (5) -faced, adj. having a fat and
flaccid face; (6) -hehdit, adj. fat, inactive, stupid; (7)
•mou'd, adj. stupid, slow in speech.
(I, 2-) Lnk. (Jam.) (3, a\ Sc. When I was twall I was Brosy
Wull, Chambers Pop. RI,y,„cs{iS-io) 159. Lnk. This brosy laddie
with the well-filled pockets. Eraser U'Imiips (1895 i ii. Kcb. Lay-
ing the brosy weans upo' the floor. Davidson Seasons .l^8Q. iS
(Jam.). (A) Lnk. (Jam.) (f , Bnff.i ,4) ,i. ^5) Lnk. He was a
fat, brosy-faced laddie, Eraser ;r/;(tif/« (18951 ii. 16; Bnff.' (7)
Slk. A brosey-mcu'd beast, Hogg rn/,-s: 1838J 250, ed. 1866.'
2. Coinp. (I) Brose-meal, parched meal of which pease
brose is made ; (21 -time, supper-time.
(n Sc. (Jam.) (^2! Abd. An hour after brosc-time, Siiirrees
Poems (1790) 317.
3. In phr. (i) A thole brose, honey mixed witli whisky;
(2) Brose of /let, a great heat, copious perspiration.
(iiSc. Ispent a night with him over pancakes and Athole brose
Scott St. Roiiau (1824) .xx. Elg. Our lam'd Athole brose will
restore ye, Tester Poems (1865) 180. Abd. Em not to sing of
mistletoes, Nor buttered sowens, nor Athole brose, Occ IVillie IFah
(1873)94. (2) Cor.i; Cor.= I'm in abruse of het.
[A mod. Sc. form of ME. broives (Prompt.) ; Qfr. broez,
broth, see Hatzfeld (s.v. DroKcl).]
BROSELEY, sb. Stf. Der. Shr. [brozli.] A clay
pipe, so called from the place of its manufacture in Shr.
Stf.2, Der.' Shr. Bound A";;)!'. 1876 ; Slir.12
BROSIER, sb. and v. Chs. Slang. [br5zi3(r).]
1. sb. A bankrupt.
Chs.' ; Chs.2 L'sed by boys at play, when one of them has nothing
further to stake ; Chs.3 Slang. A boy at Eton was a • brosier '
when he had spent all his pocket-money, N.if Q , i8^o) 1st S
11. 44. - J / •
2. V. To become bankrupt. At Eton and Westminster-
to eat up everything provided for a meal ; also in phr.
brosier my dame.
Chs.3 Slang. I joined a conspiracy to brozier him. There were
ten or twelve of us [at breakfast] and we devoured everything
within reach, Rogers ;Vf;)»H.( 1888 1 15 Tarmer); An Eton word.
' Brosiering my dame ' was, for some crime, real or imaginary,
eating up everything provided for the meal, and asking for more,
Leigh Gt. ; Common (C.C.P.) ; N. (f O. ,1850 ist S v 235
BROSNA(CH, see Bresna.
BROSSEN, BROST(EN, see Brust.
BROSTERING, ///. adf Shr. [bro-stsrin.] Domi-
neering, overbearing.
Shr.' Sich a brosterin' fellow 'e is.
BROT, sb.'- Sc. Also called brotach. [brot.] A
quilted cloth or covering, used for preserving the back of
a horse from being ruffled by the ' shimach/ on which
the pannels are hung. Cf. brat, sb.'^ Sc. (Jam.), Per.
(G.W.)
BROT, si.= and v. Sc. [brot.]
1. sb. A tangle, muddle ; a ' cobble.'
Per. Yer stocking or yer yarn has gone into a brot. A child's
head may be ' in a brot o' vermin ' when they are there in abun-
dance, or a coat is worn out ' into a brot o' holes ' (G.W.).
2. V. To entangle, quilt over; to darn clumsily, 'cobble.'
Per. A clumsily darned hole in an apron, stocking, &c., is 'a'
brotted.' ' What gart ye brot the heel that wye'' (G.W )
BROT, see Brat.
BROTCH, V. n.Sc. (Jam.) To plait straw-ropes round
a stack of corn. See Brath, v.
BROTCH, see Broach.
BROTCHERT, BROTCHET, see Bragget.
BROT-GROUND, sb. Wm. |brot-grund.] Grotind
where the sward has been removed and the earth is in
a friable condition.
Wm. iK.); Wm.' Still in use.
[Brot fr. brot-, pp. stem of OE. breotan, to break, cogn.
w. lit. E. brittle.] "
BROTH, sb. and v. Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Written brath Cor.'=; breath Sc. ; brothe Shr.'
[bro}>, br9|-).]
1. sb. Thin soup; always used as a pi
Sc. The broth are very good. Monthly Mag. (1800^ I. 238. N.L'
Broth, like porridge and sowans, is spoken of in the />/. N.Cy.'
Nhb.' A few broth. e.Dur.' Cum.' Will ye hev a few broth ?
e.Yks.' w.Yks. These broth are very good i, E.P.T.) ; w.Yks.' I
think thur er vara good broth. Lan. Lavcock Rhymes, 21. Chs.'
About Macclesfield the expression is 'a tewthry'[two or three]
broth.' n.Lin.l Put th' broths up o' th' taable, lass. Lei. .C.E.);
Lei.' When the broth are ready crumb the basins. Nhp. J.E.) ;
Nlip.i. War.3 Shr.' They [broth] bin good ; let's han tuthree more.
Bdf. Ellis Prommc. (iBBgt V. 205. Hnt. (T.P.F.\ Nrf. iW.R.E.)
w.Som.' .'V few bioth wi leeks in 'em. Dev. When the broth be
wit [white], They'm fit. Reports Prov. 1895 . Cor.' ' A few brath,"
a dish of broth with a few cubes of bread soaked in it ; Cor.*
2. In phr. (i) to bloiv anot/iers broth, to give one a
scolding; ; (21/0 ivarm tip old broth, to renew an engage-
ment of marriage that has been broken off; (31 a broth
of siveat, a violent perspiration ; (4) a broth of a boy, a
thoroughly good, capable fellow.
(i ) w.Yks.s'Ah'll blaw her broth for her. (2) n.Lin.' (3) Sc.
A great brothe of sweat (JAM.^. Abd. iG.W.) ' (4 Ir. The broth
of a boy at dancing, Carleton Trails Peas. (1843) I. 88. Ant.
Ballymciia Obs. ^'892). s.Don. Simmons Gl. (1890). e.Yks.'
MS. add. (T.H.)
3. A liquor, made by boiling calves' feet, glue, alum, &c.,
BROTHER
[416]
BROW
used to clarifj' the brine and crystallize the salt in salt-
making. Chs.^^
Hence Brothing a pan, phr. putting ' broth with the
brine. ,
Chs.' Commonly spoken of as ' givin' th' pon her brexfust.
4. V. To thicken broth with oatmeal or flour.
Shr.' 'Er took waiter an' bacon liquor an' brothed it 06th flour.
Hence Brothin, vbl. sb. oatmeal or flour put into broth
to thicken it. ib.
5. To be in a state of perspiration.
Sc. Jam.) Rxb. Breathing in sweat till doilt and dizzy, A.
Scott Poems ; 1808) 42.
BROTHER, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. In comp. (i) Brother-bairn, the child of an uncle,
a cousin; (2) -billy, the owl; (3) -chip, a fellow-workman;
(4) -law, a brother-in-law ; (5) -Will, small beer.
yi\ Sc. Sir Patrick Hamilton was sister and brother-bairns to
the king's majesty, Pitscottie/ZisA (ed. 1720) 104 (Jam.). (siNrf.
Familiarly known in Yarmouth by the sobriquet of Brother Billy,
Ritchie e.An. (1883^^ 177. (3) n.Lin.', Nhp.', War.^, Hnt.(T.P.F.)
(4 , Glo.l, n.Wil. (E.H.G. ) w.Som.' The ■ in ' always omitted ; so
also in all the similar relationships. Cor.^ (5) Ess.'
2. In phr. to be an eldest brother, to scold, lecture.
Abd. I see a storm in Watty's brow Will light on him ere lang:
I trow he'll be his auldest brother. Cock Simple Stiains (iBiO'
II. 133.
BROTHER,!'. Sc. [bru't^ar.] To accustom, to inure,
sometimes implying rough usage.
Bnff.' Ye've been a gueede file at the sea ; j-e'U be weel brothert
wec't by this time.
Hence (i) Brother, s6., (2) Brotheran, vbl. sb. (a) inure-
ment ; rough usage ; (A) exposure to rough weather, ib.
BROTHERING, />/>/. «<//'. Chs.'^ Ofbranches: spread-
ing, over-luxuriant.
[Brother is prob. the same word as Sc. broder, to broider
(Conif<l. Scot. 6g).]
BROTiT, sb. and v. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Hrf
[brot.]
1. sb. Shaken, refuse corn ; short, broken straw shaken
out from the mass.
N.Cy.»2, Nhb.'. Cum.i, w.Yks.'. ne.Lan.'. Hrf.^
2. Scraps, small fragments, odds and ends ; a small
quantity.
Nhb. (K.), Cum.', Wm.i
3. V. Of corn or grain : to shatter, fall out through over-
ripeness. Cum.' See Brit, v.''
[Brott, the same as the brot in brot-ground (q.v.).]
BROTTA, sb. Lan. A few drops, a small quantity,
a little in addition.
ne Lan.' I'll tak a brotta meyar.
BROTTLE, see Brattle.
BROUCE, V. Cum. To move rapidly, with noise ; to
push forward into a position to which one is not entitled.
Cum. Up brouc'd the taistrels in a leyne, Stagg Misc. Poems
(180,51 "5 ; What's t'e broucin' aboot for, an' setten yersel up?
(E.'W.P.i
BROUGH, sb} Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Lakel. Yks. Lin.
Also written broch Sc. Ir.: brogh Sc. (Jam.); broof
Nhb.>; bruch Sc. (Jam.): bruff N.Cy.' Nhb.' n.Yks^'^
w.Yks.= n.Lin.' Also in form bluff n.Lin.' [bruf, bruf,
Sc. and Ir. also broX-]
1. A halo or luminous disk round the sun or moon, said
to portend rain or storm. See Burir.
Sc. About the moon there is a brugh. The weather will be cauld
and rough, Swainson Weather Flk-Lore 1,1873) 'S^- Sh. I. ; Co//.
L.L.B.) n.Sc. A far-aff broch a near-han shoor, A near-han
broch a far-aff shoor W.G.). Frf. The corona or brough occurs
when the sun or moon is seen through a thin cloud, Stephens
Fanti Bk. (ed. 1849, 1. 138. N.I.' A far awa brough, is a nearhaii'
slorm. Ant. A sign of bad wcalher whenever the new moon appears
on her back, with the new moon in her arms, and abrou'gh round her,
Uts.Jnt. Anil. (1859) 78 ; Ballvuieim Obs. ( 1892 1. Dwn. C.H.W.)
S.Don. Simmons Gl. (1890;. "s.'Wxf. (P.J.M.), N.Cy.' Nhb. One
of the men points to a ' brufl*' round the sun. Sure enough, there
is a broken ring of angry ominous looking clouds encircling the
sun. White Nlib. and Border 1,1859) 361 ; Nhb.' ' He' ye seen the
broof roond the myun thi' neet J It's a lang way off.' The belief
is that the larger the diameter of the circle the greater the antici-
pated storm. Lakel. Ellwood (1895). Cum.' n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.'^
The larger the bruff, the nearer the storm. w.Yks.^, n.Lin.'
2. The circle drawn round the tee in a curling rink.
Cid. Jam.' Ayr. The curlers . . . were making 'triggers,' 'tees,'
and 'broughs,' preparatory to action, Johnston Kilmallie (1891) II.
108. Lth. Cheek by jowl, within the brough, Stkathesk More
Bits (ed. 1885) 274.
Hence Brugher, sb. a stone which comes within the
circles in curling Cld. (Jam.)
BROUGH, sb.'' Cmb. Also written brow. A plank laid
across a ditch, forming a rustic foot-bridge. Cf. bio, s6.'
Cmb. A'. & O. (1852) ist S. vi. 411.
BROUGHrsee Brow, Brugh.
BROUGHAN, BROUGHEN, see Brochan.
BROUGHLY, adj. Yks. Stony, gravelly.
Yks. Morton Cvrlo. Asiiic. {iSS'i).
BROUGHT AGE UP, phr. Nrf. Bringing up, training.
Nrf. They had had a very hard ' broughtage up,' Jessopp Arcady
(1887) vi. "
[Brought, pp. of bring + -age.']
BROUGHTEN, see Brautin.
BROUGHTINGUP, i'W.,s6. Nhb. Cum. Lan. Written
brcwtens-up Nhb.' Bringing up, training, education.
Nhb.' ' It just shows his browtens-up,'^<';i. applied to misconduct
or want of early training. Cum. Sec conduct sheam'd his browtins
up, Burn Fireside Crack 1 1886) 13. Lan. It's aw owin' to his
broughtin' up. Essay on Die-nnis, 4,
[Brought, pp. + -ins::]
BROUK, see Biook.
BROULYIE, see Brulyie.
BROUSTLE, see Brustle.
BROUT, see Bruit.
BROW, ii.' and i'.' Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
Also written broo Sh.I. Nhb.' Cum.' Wm. e.Lan.' Chs.'
1. sb. In conifi. (i) Brow-band, a leather strap, passing
across the forehead, by which the 'fish-creel' is sus-
pended; (2) -brenner, a child's name for the forehead ; see
Bren(d ; (3) -head, forehead; (4) -square, an infant's three-
cornered linen head-cloth.
(,1) n.Yks.'2 (^2 Cor.' In old Nursery Rhyme. (3) Sc. But
sic a gloom on ae browhead, Scott Minstrelsy ;i8o2) I. 321, ed.
1848. (4>ihT.^Obs. Som. W. & J. G/. (1873'.
2. Hatting term : a cast or model of the head; the brim
of a hat. Chs.'
3. A hill, steep slope or incline. Cf brae.
Sh.I. Wi dis he linns him on a broo, Burgess Rasniie (1892) 70.
Abd. The gentles come in view, A' in a breast upon a bonny brow,
Ross Hclcnoic (1768) 105, ed. 1812. Cum. Wee Wully wuns on
yonder brow, Anderson Ballads ( 1808) 64. w.Cum. When there's
sae monny broos it's hard wark bicycling (,S.K.C.) ; Cum.' Wm.
It's a hard pu' up t'broo (B.K.V m.Yks.' w.Yks. (C.W.H.) ;
w.Yks.5 Lan. It's bin a stiff poo up that broo, Waugh Chimii.
Corner (,i8-j n) 221, ed. 1879. e.Lan.', Glo.^, Brks.' w.Som.' Dim
aewz du Stan' pun u bruw luyk [the house stands on a hill, as it
were].
Hence Brooy, adj. being on the edge or side of a hill.
Cum.'
4. In phr. going down the broo. Jig. said of any one whose
health or fortune is breaking, &:c.
Lan. Aw've thowt a greit whoile that tha wur gooin deawn th'
broo very fast. Wood Hum. Stetc/ies, 5. Chs.'
5. The face or escarpment of a 'trouble' or dyke in
a coal-mine ; the front of the depressed roof at a ' dip
hitch.'
N.Cy.', Nhb.l Nhb.. Dur. Greenwell Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
6. The brushwood overhanging the outside of a ditch.
Dor.'
7. One of a stag's antlers ; also in comp. Brow-antlier,
•point.
n.Dev. Brow, Bay, and Tray, I tell 'ee, with four on the top,
Whyte-IVIelville A'ti/o/f/Zo 1 1875^ xxii ; Above the 'burr ' came
the brow-antlier, now the brow-point. Jefferies lied Deer (1884)
iv ; Close to the head a point springs from the beam, and is curved
upwards ; this is called the brow-point, ib.
8. V. To face, browbeat.
Slk. I wad rather brow a' the Ha's and the Howards afore I
beardit you, Hogg Perils of Man (1822) I. ar (Ja.m.).
BROW
[417]
BROWN
BROW, aaj. and sb? Glo. Hmp. I.W. Wil. Dor
Written brough Glo.' [breu, Glo. also bref.]
\?''h "brittle easily broken ; fragile. Cf. bruff, ad/}
Glo." Hrap.MntheNew Forest applied only to short, snapper
splintering timber of a bad quality. I.W.i Wil. Br.tton Bcanlus
L "^5). ""-WiI. This 'ere sticks terrible brow (E.H G.) Wil i
Dor. i,C.W.B.) ; In common use (.O.P.C.) ; (C W )
2. sb. A fragment. n.Wil. (W.C.P.), Wil.'
BROW, v.^ e.An. To clear away rough grass and
brambles. Hence Brewings, vbl. sb. the rubbish collected
alter clearing away grass and brambles.
e.An.' Nrf. Arch. (1879) VIII. 168.
BROW, see Brough.
BROWARD, see Breward.
BROWDEN, V. and adj. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Also written
broodin Nhb.'; browten Sc.
1. V. To be fond of, warmly attached to ; to be intent
set upon. '
Sc. The millart never notic'd Tarn, Sae browden'd he the ba'
bKINNER Poems (1809) 10. Bnfif.i With prep, in : They're unco
browdent up m thir family. Abd. O'er browdened o' the warld
she was aye, Ross Hclmore (1768) 44, ed. 18.2 ; He was sae
browden d upon t that he was like to smore us wi' the very ewder
o t_, Forbes J,h. (1742) 14. Lnk. Sair browten't on him was her
he rt, Hamilton Poems { 1865) 35. N.Cy.i, Nhb.i Yks. -Wee'r nut
sea browdenon tas you suppose, Meriton Praise A /ef 1684) 1 «q
2. To pet, pamper. ' ' ^^'
Bnff.' They browden [or browden up] that lassie o' theirs our
niuckle.
Hence Browdent, />/>/. adj. petted, pampered.
lb. Hes a browdent [or browdent upj loon, that. He winna
gang fae s mither's side.
3. adj. Conceited, bold, forward, self-willed
.•.^"u* °''''-'' ^PP'-'^'l '° a <^''i'd a' the breast. It's time to wean
the bairn, for it s getting browden upo' the breast. N Cy • Nhb '
[Browden is prop, a pp., being the same as OE. bro'rdf,!
pp. ol bregdan to interweave, to net. From browda',
(netted) comes the /iff. sense ' attached to, fond of.' The
vb. browden (to be fond of; is a late formation fr. the M 1
BROWE, see Browl. ^^''
BROWIS, see Brawls.
BROWL, sb. and adj. Cum. Yks. Also in forms brole
n.Yks.' ; brow(e Cum. Wm. ; bro Wm.'
1. sb. An impudent, rude child ; a 'brat.'
Cum Very common, J.P.);Cum.i n.Yks.i; n.Yks.2 A brazzened
browl (s.v. brazzen d). m.Yks.i
2. adj. Saucy, impertinent ; handsome, clever.
Cum. Linton Lake Cv. U864) 298. Wm.'
[The same as Ut.brol,brolle (P. Plowman (b.) hi. 204) 1
BROWL z.. Yks. To scold, to urge a demand in
violent or abusive terms. Cf browl sb
hoM'onilms'elf """"^ '™"''"*^ ^'^°"' '" "'^' ga'te-fman's no
BROWLT, adj. N.I.' Deformed or bowed in the
lf.i/«r-.?PP''^'^ '° "^ P'g' yo""g dog, or calf.
BKOWN, adj. and sb. Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and
tng. Also written broon Nhb.' Cum. Wm
1. adj. In cowb. (I) Brown-back, (a) a quarryman
whose c othes are brown ; (b) the fern Alpknium c2rach;
ltd "flfnM^' f ^ '^^""^'X ^3' -bess, a name given to the
old flint-Iock guns; (4) -bill, a brown painted halberd
formerly earned by foot-soldiers and watchmen; U)
-bird, the thrush; (6) -clock, a cockchafer, Melolant^a
vulgaris ; (7) -cream, spirituous liquor; 8) -crops
pulse crops, beans, peas, &c. ; (9) -deep, lost in reflection ;'
(10) — George or — Geordie, («) coarse brown bread-
16 ol,s., a small close wig with a single row of curls - u)
a large earthen pitcher; (11) - gled, the hen harrier
Cniisp-aneus; (12) - gull, the common sVu^.Slercoiann's
catarrliacles; (13) -hawk, (a) the marsh-harrier, Cirais
aen,o,„osiis-, ib) the kesive\, Tinwincuhis alai.darius- (,4)
-head, the froth or head rising to the top of beer- nX{
■headed duck, the golden-eye duck, Clangula gla„don\
(i6) -hen, (a) the black grouse, Tctrao letri.x- (b) a base
mineral found mixed with lead ore; (17) —kite see
— gled; (18) —Janet, a knapsack; (19) —kitty or
kitty-wren, the wren, Troglodyles panmlus ; (20)— linnet
the common linnet. Lino/a caiinabina; ^21) -money'
(/^F^u'^l *^^* ~"^f' H^^"" i'g-^'^ort,Scrop/wlar,aaqna/lcal
U) tie brown nettle, S.,Wa.«; (23) - owl or - hoolet
1^?„11"'"^, °''''' -^->-'"""" "'"^o; (24) .paper man. a low
gambler ; (25) -porringer, a large brown earthenware jai-
(26) -rock.strata in LightmoorAVinsey Pit ; (271 -shellers
r/ndeH '"'1 "^f h^^^'-n^ts; (28, -sheirAut a bro vn
nnded apple; (291 -stud, a brown study, state of
abstraction; (30) -swallow, the swift, Cyplelus ap^f;
thrLr Tc^'ff^'"^^°'"S^: '32) -wort, the fig- or
^■:^£X:$Z:r'''-^ <33) -yogle, the short:
Bess WI us an' shut a wild duck er tweea (B K 1 War 3 ^ Sc
A property belonging neither to Spanish pike, brown-bill, . or
indeed any other modern staff- weapon whatever, Scott i.^.^W
(1830) XXI. (5)Sus.l i6) w.Yks.2, Der.', n.Lin.l (71 w Yks A
H^,?J,7l^'JV ^' V"Po°' ''"'^" '^'•'^'^am in it, to strengihen'it.
torce, Dewsbre Olm. , 1865J 8. (81 Glo. Gl. {1851^; Marshall
Rur Econ. (1789) ; Glo.i ^9, Ken.> (10, a\ Nhb.i Cum Now
seldom seen. It was made of barley and rye meal mixed, and
leavened by a piece of soured dough, saved from the previous
week s baking (J.P.). Wm. A lump o' broon Geordy and Dutch
cheese fer t'supper (B.K.). w.Yks.= Lan. A krust o' brca v
George, Axon Flk-Sng. ( 1870) 28. Chs.', Shr.^ (A , Nhp.i Worn
by, and so named after. King George the Third. Obs. Slang. He
looked disdainfully at the wig... .one of the description commonly
known during the latter half of the last century by the name of a
(Mar 12, 1886, 6, col. 4; Dev.i (11) Sc.SwainsonB/„/s 1885,1,0
12H-A.210.] (i3,«ar.,-6. ,31. liGIo.' (M^w.Som.Pourthe
liquor into a tub to kive, and when the brown-head which will
rise on it sooner or later begins to crack, Marshall Review i8n^
eame^' \l^\^ T. ('6. «) Nhb.' Also called black cock and black
WiVW, 1653 1.260. (i7)[SwAiNsoN,i32.] !i8 LugsupBrown
Janet on his back, Picken Poems (1788I 158 (Jam ) (.0) Nhb"
(20 Nhb 1, War.3 w.Wor. Benou's Jr„.\uir. 3, 1888!.^ Shr'«
(21) Ir He would willingly give a shilling for a copper i but the
more broun money he got the better, Flk-LoreRec. 1 1881 1 I V 1 1 q
(22) Dev 4 (23 , Nrf. Cozens-Hardv Broad Nrf. (,893 , 4, ' WiT
Smith B.rels ^l8a^\ [Swa.nson BnWs (i880 129! (24^ Lon
What we call only 'brown paper men,' low gamblers- playing R^
pence.and rs being ^ g,^^, g„_ Mavhew Lond. Labour 1851 I. 4,0
(25) e.Yks.' What a big heeadhe hez ; it's as fur roond asabroon-
pomnger. (261 Shr. Marshall Review (1818) II. 199 27)
w.Yks. As hungry as hunters, crackin' away at ther braan shillcrs
1 OM 1 reddlehovle Bairusia Ami. (1866) 31 - w Yks s" s Chs >'
Un.i, sw.Lin.i, War.2 Shr.' I got a pocketle o' nuts o' Sunday, .in'
they wLin aumust all brown sheclers ; SUr.2 (28) Dor. Barnes
01. (I863>. (29) s.Hmp. Job, who was standing looking at them
m a ' brown stud,' Vernev L. Lisle • ,870) vi. wSom.' Whafsthe
'I] T; ^B i'°" ''^ ''" '° " '"'°'^" ^^'"^- (30^ Rnf. SWAINSON
iJiid> (1885: 96. (31-, Lan. 'A two-pund loaf, mester.' ' Which
wm yo have-white or brown !' ■ Oh, brown-tommy-ifs good
enough fort childer.' Chs.' (32) Cor.' The leaves are much tsed
as an application to ulcers ; Cor.^ (33) Sh.I. Swainson B/Vrf^
(1885) 129.
2. In phr. (i) Brown tnnn of the moors, a dwarf
subterranean elf; (2) milk from the broivn coiv, rum in
tea ; (3) to play or boil brown, used of broth or soup when
rich ; (4) to tool; broivit at one, to look at with indillerencc
as it in a brown stud}'. '
(i) Sc. The Brown Man of the Muirs is a fairy of the most
mahgnant order, the genuine duergar, Scott Afmslrrlsv (180") II
394(JAM.\ (2, w.Yks.3.s.v. Slither). (3) Sc.Didshe , the witch!
but once hint that her pot ' pl.nyed nae brown,' ... a piece of meat
was_ presented to her. Remains Nilhsdale, 289 Jam.). (4) Abd
Tho' now he looks on me fu' brown, Shirrefs Poems (1790) 291.
3. Gloomy, dull.
Wil.' A brown day.
4. sb. Ale or porter.
Abd. Swig a pint o' stoutest brown To vou an' yours. Still
Co«rt>- (,1845 , 136. Ayr. Barrils fou o' nappy brown, B«//arfi- (1846)
1. 120. Lth. Nips or caups of foaming broon, Lumsden Sheepbead
(1892) 143. '
3H
BROWNIE
[418]
BROWSELLS
5. A covey of partridges ; in phr. to fire or shoot into the
brown, to fire promiscuously into a covey.
Nrf. Very common i_H.C.-H.). [Mayer Sptsmtis Direct. (1845)
ai.]
Hence Brown, v. to shoot into the midst of a covey.
Nrf. The last covey twisted up and you browned them, Haggard
Col. Oiianlclt f i888j 11. viii ; (H.C.-H.)
BROWNIE, sb. So. Nhb. Dur. Yks. AlsoHmp. Cor.
Also written broonie Sc. Nhb.^ [Sc. n.Cy. bru-ni.]
1. A household sprite or fairy who performed kind ser-
vices at night ; so called from its supposed dark colour.
Sc. One might almost believe in brownies and fairies, Scorx
^Fniw/fy (1814) Ixxi. Inv. (H.E.F.) Kcd. Ghaists wad stalk, an'
brownies frolic, Grant Lays (1884) 108. Ayr. Bogles, broonies,
spunkies, and water-kelpies frae the dusk. Service Noiandunis
(1890) 99. Lnk. Brownies, warlocks, ghaists, or deils, Thomson
Musings (i88i) 61. Bwk. Cranshavvs was the habitation of an
industrious brownie, Henderson Pop. Rhymes (18561 65. Gall.
Though the ' Brownie of Blednoch ' lang be gane, Nicholson Hist.
ra/fs',i843"i84. N.Cy.i Nhb., Dur.BRANDPoA ^^//^.(ed. 18491 II.
488. Nhb.i n.Yks.2 Now seldom heard of in these parts. Cor.
In some places the assistance of ' brownies ' is still entreated when
the bees begin to swarm, Whitcombe Bygone Days (,1874) 156 ;
Monthly Mag. (i8o8j II. 423.
Hence (i) Brownie-bae, si. a brownie ; (2) Brownie's
stone, sb. an altar dedicated to a brownie. Obs.
(i) Bch. But there come's Robie . . . How wild he glowrs, like
some daft brownie-bae, Tarras Poems (1804) 3 (Jam.). (2) w.Sc.
There is a flat thin stone, called Brownie's Stone, upon which the
antient inhabitants oiTered a cow's milk every Sunday, Martin
IVesl. Islands (1716') 67 (Jam.1.
2. The brown linnet, Linota cannabiua.
e.Dur.' Singing competitions of these birds are always advertised
as Brownie matches.
3. A bee.
Hmp. 'Low brown' is the phrase used when bees swarm,
meaning that the bees, or brownies, are to settle low, Wise Neiv
forest; 1882) 185; Hn.p.i
[1. Of browneis and of bogilhs full this buke, Douglas
Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, m. 2. (Ruddiman (in ed. 1710)
remarks, '"they were a kind of ghosts . .. not only harmless
but very useful, . . . they did not stick at the meanest
drudgery. They are now becoine exceedingly rare.
Their hard labour and mean employment made them
of a swarthy or tanny colour, whence they got the name
of brownies'; quoted in Notes (ed. 1874) m. 353.)]
BRO'WN.KITUS, sb. Sc. Cum. Yks. Hrf. Nrf. Sur.
Dev. Also in form broonkitus Cum.; broun-keddies
Sc. ; brownchitus w.Yks. Sur.^ ; -kites Hrf.^; kitties,
■kitty Dev. Bronchitis. See Brown-Titus.
e.Sc. She has a sair fecht wi' thae broun-keddies i' saft weather,
Setoun R. Urijnhart {i8g6i ii. Cum. I dui think broon kitus is a sad
thing for an elderly body (M.P.). w.Yks. If it wasn't for that bit
o' brownchitus, sha'd be as sound as a trout (F.P.T.). Hrf.^ Nrf.
The doctor say as how the brownchitis and the asthma ha' met
together (W.R.E.). Sur.^ Dev. I've ahad tha brownkitty drefful
bad, Hewett Peas. Sfi. (1892 ; ; It took oft' my father wi' a brown-
kitties, Baring Gould Idylls ij8g6) 58. [A tailor got very ill with
a severe attack of bronchitis. — or, as it is called, of the ' brown-
katies,' Spectator (Nov. 30, 1887;.]
BROWN-LEAMER, sb. Nhb. Dur. Cum. 'Wm. Yks.
Lan. Also Dev. Also written -leemer Dur.' Cum.'
n.Yks.' ne.Lan.'; -limer Dev.; and in form -leeming Wm.'
w.Yks.'
1. A hazel-nut, when ripe and ready to fall out of the
husk. Also called Brown-shiller (q.v.). See Learner, s/a
N.Cy.', Nhb.', Dur.', Cum.', Wm.', n.Yks. (I.W.\ n.Yks.'^,
ne.Yks.' w.Yks. Hunon Tour toCaves{f]8i) ; w.Yks.', ne. Lan ',
nw.Dev. (R.P.C.)
Hence (i) Brown-leeming-nut, sb. a ripe hazel-nut;
(2) Brown-lime or -limed, aiij. applied to common hedge-
nuts when they are easily removable from the husk.
(i) w.Yks. G KA\NGE A'tdderdale ^1863; 225 ; Lucas Stud. Kidder-
dale (c. 1 882 I. (2) nw.Dev.'
2. Fis;. A generous person. Nhb.^
BROWN-TITUS, sb. Yks. Lan. Rut. War. Hrf. O.xf.
Ken. Wil. Dor. .Som. Dev. Also in form braan Titus
w.Yks.; brantitis Wil. Som.; bran-Titus nw.Dev.';
breawn-Titusm.Lan.'; brontitis Hrf'^Rut.'; browntitis,
brow^n typhus w. Yks.^ Also occas. called Brown-creeper,
•creeters n.Lin.'; -gaiters, Sur. N. 6^ Q. (1890) 7th S. x.
285. See Brown-kitus. Bronchitis.
w.Yks. Th' braan Titus or th' small pox or summat o' that sooart,
Hartley Clock Abn. (1872^ Pre/.; w.Yks.*, m.Lan.', Rut.', War.
(J.R.W."),Hrf.2 s.Oxf. That's the browntitis as'ee'sgot, Rosemary
Chilterns (lags^ 163. Ken. (P.M.) n.Wil. He've a got this here
brantitus (E.H.G.). Dor. I've a-cotched the browntitis too. Hare
Vill. Street (1895) 244. Som. Sweetman IVincanton Gl. (1885).
w.Som.' Braewn-tuytees, buurn-tuytees. nw.Dev.' Common.
BROWN TYPHUS, see Brown-Titus.
BROWS, see Breward.
BROWSE, 56.' and t;.' Nhp. War. Shr. Hrf. Glo. Hrt.
Hnt. Hmp. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written brouse
Nhp.'Shr.'=Hrf.'=Glo.'Dor. Cor.'; browstGlo.'; browze
Dev. [braus, brauz, breus.]
1. sb. Brushwood, hedge-clippings, young furze,
brambles, &c. Cf brash, sb.'^
Nhp.' Shr.' Oiso/. ; Shr .2 Hrf,' I did na take the faggots: it was
only some bits of brouse anunt the stack; Hrf.^, Glo.', Hnt. vT. P. F.)
Dor. Barnes Gl. (18631. w.Som.' Dev. A vaggot o' browse thit
was there ready vor th' oven, Pasmore Stories (,1892) 8; Morton
Cyclo. Agric. (1863). n.Dev. Jan, clare tha 'cess . . . an' bring tha
browze. Rock Jim an Nell (1867) st. 4. nw.Dev.' Dev., Cor. I 11
stand here till it boils. Shove in some browse, Baring-Gould
Cy. Life (,1890) vi. Cor. *Mong the fuz and browse, Hicham Z^/'n/.
(1866) 6; Cor.' 2 3
2. Comp. (i) Browse-hook, a hook about half the length
of an ordinary sickle, used for trimming hedges ; (2) -line,
the height to which cattle can reach to bite ; (3) -tree,
a tree of which the head and branches have been cut off;
(4) -wood, (rt) underwood ; (b) young shoots of trees eaten
by cattle.
(i^ nw.Dev.' The hook used for the tops of high hedges is
provided with a long handle, and is known as a long-handled
browse-hook. (21 Hrf.2 Trim them apple-trees . . . just above the
brouse-line. (3) Nhp.' (4, a') Hmp. l"he cutting of browse-wood
admits of many depredations, Marshall Reviav (1817) V. 290.
(i) Hrt. Ellis Mod. Hiisb. (1750) VII. ii. fCarry the deer plenty
of browse-wood, Mayer Sptsmn's Direct. (1845) 30.]
3. A thicket.
Cor. TV. £r Q. (1874) 5th S. i. 434; Cor.' 2
4. V. To trim the hedges, cut away the brambles and
other undergrowth. w.Som.', nw.Dev.'
Hence (i) Browsing, vbl. sb. {a) trimming hedges;
(b) the feeding-rack in a cow-hovel; see Boosing; (2)
Browsing-gloves, sb. gloves made of tanned leather, used
in trimming hedges ; (3) Browsy, adj. full of brushwood.
(i, a) Dev. Coachman-gardener, pointing to a man trimming
a hedge, said, 'They call that browsing'; and said the little
bundles of twigs were called ' nickies' (q.v.). Reports Provinc.
(1889). (6) Nhp.2 ( 2^1 nw.Dev.' (3) Nhp.' War.3 Rough and
inferior fodder is called browsy stuft". Hrt. The browsy heads of
oaks, Ellis Mod. Htisb. (1750) VII. i.
[Browse or brouce, the tops of the branches of trees
that cattle usually feed on, Worlidge (1681); If thou
have any trees to shrede, . . . croppe them in wynter,
that thy beastes niaye eate the brouse, Fitzherbert
Hiisb. (1534)84. A der. of Fr. brotiser, to brouze, knap,
nibble off, leaves, buds, &c. (Cotgr.).]
BROWSE, sb.^ Cor. Bruised fish used as bait.
Cor.' ril p(.>mmel thy noddle to browse.
BROWSE, V.2 Suf. To crouch, 'croodle,' used of
human beings or animals.
Suf. Very common. He sits browsing over the fire (F. H.).
BROWSE, adj. Cum. Friable, mellow.
Cum. Not common (J. P.); Cum.' You may begin to sow, for
t'land's browse now ; Cuni.^
BROWSELLS, sb. pi. Ken. [breu-zlz.] The remains
of the ' flced ' (qv.) of a pig, after the lard has been
extracted by boiling. Cf. scratchings.
Ken. Very common (P.M.) : (D.W.L.) ; Browsels find a ready
sale in lieu of butter to eat with bread iG.Gl ; Ken.'^
[Prop, 'coagulations.' Fr. * broitssailles, der. of Fr. dial.
brousscr: Me lait se brousse, au lieu de, secail'e' (Littre,
s.v. Brousse) ; Prov. broussa, ' rcduire en caillebottes, en
BROWST
[419]
BRUFFLE
parlant du lait,' broiisso, ' caillcbotte, masse de lait caillc '
(Mistral).]
BROWST, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. [brust.] A brewing,
as much malt liquor as is brewed at one time ; also used
/tg:, the consequences of one's own act. See Brewster.
Sc. Stay and drink of your ain browst, Ramsay Prov, (1737) ;
Mony a browst I hae brewed, .Scott St. Ronan (1824) xxviii.
Or.I. (S.A.S. ) Elg. Bob brew'd a special browst for you, Testkr
Poems (1865") 122. Abd. She tarrovvs at the browst that she had
brown, Ross Helenorc (,1768) 65, ed. 1812. Frf. Ae day a special
browst was brevvin'. Watt Sie/ches (i88o~l 22. e.Fif. She brews
a browst of black lookin' graith, Latto T. Borikiii (1864'! viii. Ayr.
She wadna trow't, the browst she brewed Wad taste sae bitterlie.
Burns Daddie Forbad, e Xtli. I'm thinkin it wull be an ill browst
for the Leeberal pairty. Hunter J. Inwick (1895) 143. N.Cy.',
Nlib.' n.Yks.2 The bigger the brewing, the better the browst.
BRO'WST, see Browse.
BROWSTER, see Brewster.
BRO'WSY, adj. Glo. Dev. Of a ruddy complexion ;
robust.
Glo.' The browsiest of your daughters came to see me. Dev.
Idden 'er a dear browsj' cheel ? Hewett Peas. S/>. (1892).
BRO'WTENS-UP, see Broughtingup.
BRO'WTHY, (7rt>'. Cor. Of bread : light, spongy.
Cor. A'. & Q. (1854) ist S. X. 179 ; Cor.' =
BROY, adj. Obsol. Pem. Brittle. See Brow.
s.Pem. This stick wonna do, 'tis broy (W.M.M.).
BROYANT, sb. Mtg. (B. & H.) 1. The black bryony,
Taiiins coiiiiiiiiitis, used to rub on the joints of animals,
esp. pigs, that are lame. 2. A disease in the joints
of pigs. [Not known to our correspondents.]
BROYCH, see Broach.
BRU, see Broo.
BRUARD, BRUART, see Breward.
BRUB, V. Sc. (Jam.) [Not known to our correspon-
dents.] To check, restrain, oppress.
BRUCH, sb. Obs. Nhb." A toad-stool, a fungus.
[Bruche, as the Northern Englishmen call it. a todstole,
... in a birche or a walnut tre, Turner Herbal (1^62) II. 30.]
BRUCH, see Brough.
BRUCHLE, V. Sc. To wrap or muffle up a person in
an untidy manner. Always with prep. tip.
3nfr.' The mannie's a' bruchit up aboot the neck.
Hence (i) Bruchlan, vbl. sb. wrapping up closely and
untidily ; (2) Bruchle-up, sb. wrapping up.
Bnff.' The'vc an aul' bruchle-up o' tliat bairn o' thirs ilky time it
they gang oot wee't.
BRUCK, V. and sb. Sc. Irel. Also written bruk Sh.I.
1. V. To smash in pieces. Cf. bruckle. S. & Ork.'
2. Coiiip. Bruck(ej-bread, oatcake made with fat, which
renders it brittle.
Uls. A', tf Q. (1876) 5th 8. vi. 358.
3. sb. Gen. in //. Refuse, rubbish ; broken pieces of
wood; broken meat; the ( ffals offish or of cattle.
Sli.I. Da midden, whar frae haand He flings da bruk, BuRCESS
Rasinie (1891 ) 122. S. & Ork.'
BRUCK, BRUCKIT, see Brook.
BRUCKLE, ffrf/.t'.i and. <;/>. Sc. Irel. Nhb.Dur. Yks. Also
Brks. Ken. Hmp. l.'W.Wil. Dor. Som. Also written briikkle
Brks.'; brukle Dur. ; brukyl (Jam.), [brukl, brB kl.]
1. adj. Brittle, fragile, friable. Also fig. uncertain,
changeable, not trustworthy. Cf brock, sA.^, bruck. See
also Brackle, Brickie, Brockle.
Sc. My things are but in a bruckle state, Scott IVaverky (1814)
Ixvii ; Lasses and glasses are bruckle ware, Henderson Prov.
(1832) 62. Rxb. Right bruckle weather, Riddell Poet. IVks.
(ed. 1871) n. 166. N.I.' Ant. Bruckle health, Balhiiictia Obs.
(1892). N.Cy. •, Nhb.' Dur. T'weather was brukle like, Eggle-
STONE Bettv Podkiii's Visit (,18771 5 ; Gidson IVcardale Gl. (1870^
n.Yks.'2, Brks.', Ken.', Hmp.', I.W.'^ Dor. This vinny [checse]'s
got quite bruckle i^H.J.M.); We be bruckle folk here, Hardy
Casterbndge (ed. 1895) viii. Som. Jennings Dial. w.Eng. (1869"!.
Hence (i) Bruckleness, 5A. the state of being' bruckle';
(2) Bruckly (broklie), adj. brittle, friable ; 7?g; uncertain ;
(3) Bruckly, adv. in a brittle manner.
(i) Sc (Jam.) n.Yks. (I.W.) Som. Jennings Obs. Dial.
w.Eng. (1825). (2) Sc. Said of the weather (Jam.). S. & Ork.'
Used in y?^. sense. n.Yks. (I.W.) Wil. Slow G/. 1892 ; Wil.'
n.WU. I be afeard to touch on 'em, they be so bruckly (E. H.G.).
Dor. (O.P.C.) Som. Jf nnings Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825 ; W. & J.
Gl. (1873') ; Sweetman IVincanlon Gl. (1885 . 13, CId. ijAM.)
2. Of cattle and horses: given to breaking down fences.
Dor. (C.W.B.)
Hence Bruckley, adj. Of cattle : given to breaking
down fences.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
3. V. To crumble away, to break off easily, gen. used
with off, or away.
S. & Ork.' Wil. 1 Applied to some kinds of stone which crumble
away when exposed to the weather, also to the dead leaves on
a dry branch of fir. Dor. (C.W. 1 ; (O.P.C.)
Hence Bruckling, ppl. adj. friable, crumbling.
n.Wil. The wall is built of very bruckling stone (W.C.P.).
4. sb. A quantity of broken pieces of rock, or other
hard stuff.
Dor. Barnes Gl. (i863\
[1. In hewine eftyre fiis brukil lyf, Ale.xis (c. 1400) 129,
in Leg. Saints, ed. Metcalfe, I. 444. A der. of wk. stem of
OE. brecan (break).]
BRUCKLE, v.^ Obs. Nhb. Also e.An. To make
dirty. See Brook, v.'^ N-Cy.'", Nhb.'
Hence Bruckled, ppl. adj. (i) Of the face: grimy,
besmeared ; (2) of the weather: wet and dirty, stormy.
(i) N.Cy.2, Nhb.l e.An.' That child's hands are all over
bruckled. [Grose (i79o>.] (21 N.Cy.'
[We commonly say to dirty children that the gardener
will sow leeks in their faces ; we maj' more truly tell
our bruckled professours that the deviil will sow tares
in their souls, Griffin Doctrine of the Asse (1663) 12.]
BRUCKLE.HEARTED, adj Dor. Also in form
buckle- e.Dor. Of cabbage plants : ' blind,' having no
central shoot. Cf. buck-hearted. Dor. (C.V.G.) ; (H.J.M.j
e.Dor. (O.P.C.)
BRUCKLES, sb. pi. Sc.
\. Caie.x slelliilata, the prickly-headed carex.
Bnff.' Also called brochars and stars. Bch., Abd. Obsol. The
dwellers in the parish of Strichen used to be nicknamed 'bruckle-
strippers' (W.M.).
2. Jiinciis sqiiarrosus, bent. Abd.
BRUD, sb. S. & Ork.i [brud.] A track or path.
BRUD, V. Nhb.' Also in form bred. To separate
peas from beans by means of a ' riddle."
BRUDDY, see broody.
BRUDE, see Brood.
BRUDLE, see Broodle.
BRUFF, s6.' Obsul. n.Yks. [bruf.] The brow of a
hill. Cf brow. n.Yks. (T.S.) ; n.Yks.^
BRUFF, sb.'^ Yks. A glimpse, a hasty glance.
e.Yks. All but obs. (R.S.) ; e.Yks.' Ah didn't see mich on liim,
Ah nobbot just g.it a brulT.
BRUFF, art).' Dor. [brBf.] Brittle. Cf. brow, adj.
Dor. (,H.J.M.) ; (O.P.C.) ; A^. & Q. (1883) 6th S. vii. 360 ; Gl.
(185O ; Barnes Gl. (1863I.
BRUFF, adj.'^ Irel. 'Wm. Yks. Lan. Wor. e.An. Ken.
Sus. Also in form brumf N.I.' [bruf, bruf.]
1. Well and hearty, in appearance and manners; healthy-
looking ; jolly.
n.Yks.', ne.Yks.', w.Yks.^, e.Lan.', e.An.', Nrf.', Snf.'
2. Somewhat rough and blunt in manner ; hence,
consequential, proud.
N.I.', Wm.', n.Yks.', ne.Vks.', w.Yks.', ne.Lan.' Wor. (J.R.W.) ;
Well, yer needna be sa bruff, I ony axed tha (W.B.). Ken.
(P.U.'w Ken.', Sus.'
BRUFF, V. and sh.^ Wm. Yks. Lin. [bruf.]
1. V. To cough or breathe violently.
Wm.' He did nowtbit brulTan" cough au night. w.Yks.', n.Lin.'
2. sb. A short, deep cough. Wm. (J.ll.)
BRUFF, sec Brough.
BRUFFLE, V. and sb. Sc. Cum. Also written brughle
(Jam.), [bru-fl.]
1. V. To exert oneself violently, to get overheated with
exertion.
Per., Dmf. He's brughlin' up the brae (Jam.).
2. sb. Excitement. Cum.'
3 112
BRUG
[420]
BRUMP
BRUG, sb. S. & Ork.' A sandy, mossy, or heathery
hillock.
BRUGGLE, V. GIo. [brB-gl.] To struggle, make
strenuous efforts. Cf. brogle.
GIo.i We've bruggled through this 'ere job some'ow.
BRUGH, si.' Sc. Also written biogh S. & Ork.'
[brux, brox.] A town, borough ; esp. the nearest town.
S. & Ork.i Bch. A man gaun to thebroch met me I G.W.). Abd.
When they had a pretty large order, they should go to the Broch
or elsewhere for it, Alexander Jo/mtiy Gibb (1871 i 187. Per. In
occas. use (G.W.). Rnf. They're up in brugh and toun, Allan Ev.
Hours (1836) 84. Ayr. The ancient brugh of Ayr, Burns Biigs
(,1787). Gall. (A.W.)
Hence Brughman, sb. burgher, citizen.
Sc. Ye brugh-men good, Drusimond Miickomachy (1846) 3.
[The same as E. borough, OE. biirh.]
BRUGH, sb?- Sc. Also written broch Slg. A struc-
ture of prehistoric times, popularly supposed to have
been built by the Picts (Jam.).
Per. An ancient cave dwelling is here called the Broch (G.W ).
[The many houses and villages in this countey which
are called by the name of Brogh, Wallace Desc. Orkney
(1693) 26. ON. borg, stronghold.]
BRUGHLE, see Bruffle.
BRUGHTIN, see Brautin.
BRUICK, see Brook.
BRUICK-BOIL, sb. n.Sc. (Jam.) An inflamed tumour
or swelling of the glands under the arm.
BRUIK(IE, BRUIKIT, see Brook(ie.
BRUIL, see Broil.
BRUILIE, BRUILYIE, BRUILZIE, see Brulyie.
BRUIND, see Brand.
BRUIT, sb. and v. Sc. Lan. Also written brout Sc.
1. sb. Rumour, noise.
Sc. For such evil bruits Mr. Touchwood cared not. Scoit St.
Ronan ( 1824) xxviii ; The cannons loudly lire : Contagion spreads
wi' ilka brout. Smith Merry Bridal {1866) 17. Ayr. Making such
a bruit as could not be surpassed for grandeur. Gai-T Ann. Parish
(1821) xliv. Lan. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) [Much bruit
little fruit, Ray Prov. (1678) 106.]
2. V. To report, to publish.
Ayr. A sound was bruited about that the king's forces would have
a hot and sore trouble, Galt Ann. Parish (1821) xviii. Lan.
Davies Paces (1856; 227. s.Laa. Bamford Dial. (1850).
[1. All that hear the bruit of thee shall clap the hands
over thee, Bible Nahiim iii. 19. Fr. hritit, a great sound,
the talk of people (Cotgr.). 2. I find thou art no less
than Fame hath bruited, Shaks. i Hen. VI, 11. iii. 68.]
BRUIT, see Breward.
BRUIZLE, see Brustle.
BRUK(E, see Brook.
BRUKKLE, see Bruckle.
BRUK-KNEED, adj. Sc. Broken-kneed. See
Bruck, V.
Ayr. Various animals in different conditions of equestrian de-
crepitude—high-henched, howe-backed, bruk-kneed, Johnston
Kihuallic (1891) I. 87.
BRUKLE, BRUKYL, see Bruckle.
BRULIE, see Brulyie.
BRUL(LE, V. Sh.I. To low, to bellow.
Sh.I. {Coll. L.L.B.) S. & Ork."
Hence Brulin, ppl. adj. lowing.
Sh.I. An Nicht shu wheests da brulin baess [hushes the lowing
cattle!, Burgess Rasniie ' 1891) 6r.
[Cp. G. briillen, to bellow, to roar.]
BRULLIONS.si.^/. e.Yks. [bruiianz.] The kidneys
and 'heart-skirts,' of which 'brullion-pies ' are made.
e.Yks. Of cattle only, never of the pig or sheep. Can you let me
have two penn'orth o' brullions I (RS. ); e.Yks.*
BRULYIE, i^.' and sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Also
informsbroolyie, broulyie (Jam.); bruilieKcb.; biuilyie
(Jam.) ; bruilzie Abd. Fif. Edb. ; brulie Ayr. ; bruUy
Cum.n.Yks.^'; bruUyeOr.I.; brulye (Jam.); brulzie Ajt.
Edb. Gall. ; bruoly Cum. [bruli.]
1. V. To fight, be engaged in a broil. Abd. (Jam.)
2. To make a noisy disturbance.
Cum. T'wind roars and brullies outside, Dickinson Cumbr. (1876)
243 ; He brully't on a canny bit, ib. ' TaiV for Joe ,1866) 5.
Hence Brulyiement (brullimentj, sb. a disturbance,
a broil.
Fif. Ilk bluidy brulziement, Tennant Papistry ("1827) 4. N.L',
N.Cy.', Nhb.* Cum. Made a bruliiment and bodder, Anderson
Ballads (1808) Jtff and Job ; Cum.'
3. sb. A commotion, disturbance ; an uproar.
Sc. (Jam. Siippl.) Or.I. When Paety fell wi' a' this nillye, His
bairns made a fearfu' brullj'e, Paety Toral's Travellye in Ellis
PiOHKHc. (1889) V. 794. n.Yks.*; n.Yks.^ It's only a bit of a brully
[of the sea].
4. A quarrel, quarrelling, an aflVay.
Sc. They hae been as forward in a brulzie as their neighbours,
Scott Midlothian (1818J xv ; [He] was a gey stout birkie, and had
been in mony a brulzie, Roy Horseman (1895) i. Abd. In this
bruilzie Was the first man that drew my durk, Forbes j^/rt-r 1742)
5. Fif. The bruilzie then was dour, Wi' sticks, and stanes, and
bluidy clour, Tennant Papistry (1827) 2. Ayr. I hope we bardies
ken some better Than mind sic brulzie. Burns To JV. Simpson
(17851. Kcb. The upshot o' the bruilie, Davidson Seasons (1789)
20. Cum. Tom hed sec a bruoly An' hey-bey wi' his weyfe,
Stagg Misc. Poems (i8o8j Tom Knott. Cum.', n.Yks.12
[Fr. broiiiller, to niarre by mingling together, to make
a great hurliburly (Cotgr.).]
BRULYIE, v.'' Sc. (Jam.) Also written bruilyie. To
broil ; jig. to heat ; to be overpowered with heat.
Fif. Prop, to roast on gridiron meat that has been boiled and has
become cold. I'm brulyien' wi' heat. It bruilyies up my very
blude.
[With fyre that thame sa bruljeit, Barbour Bntce
(1375) IV. 151. The same as lit. E. broil (to heat).]
BRUM, adj. Slang. In Winchester School : without
money, poor, stingy. Cf brumpt.
Slang. I am dead brum (A.D.H.); Cope Gl. (1883).
BRUM, see Broom.
BRUMBLE, see Bramble.
BRUMF, see Bruff.
BRUMMAL, sb. Cor.^ 1. The tamarisk, Tamarix. 2.
The common broom, Genista iincloria.
BRUMMAL-MOW, sb. Cor. Also written brummel-.
A round rick of corn with pointed top.
Cor. Ricks of corn . . . made in the ' arrish-fields ' where . . .
cut. These are all called ' arrish-mows,' but from their different
shapes . . . also ' brummel mows ' and ' ped-rack-mows,' Flk-Lore
Jrn. (i886) 248 ; Cor.^ All the sheaves are placed with the ears
inwards in the lower part and outwards in the upper (^s.v. Mow).
BRUMMEL, see Bramble.
BRUMMIN, />r/. Fif (Jam.) 0( a sow: maris appe/ens.
Cf brim.
BRUMMOCK, sb. Won Shr. Hrf. Rdn. [brumak,
brBniak.] A short curved knife used for hedging, pruning,
and woodcutting.
w.Wor.l Slir.' W'eer's John Roberts gwun ' — I spect 'e's
gwun up to the uvver groun' to tine ; I sid 'im tak' 'is brummock
an' mittens an' 'is bay te-bag ; Slir.^ Shr.. Hrf. Bound Pivv. (1876).
Rdn. Morgan IVds. (1881).
[The boy brought to him a bar of iron and a broken
broom hooke, Gough Antiq. Myddle, Salop (1700) 36.]
BRUMP, V. and sb. e.An. jbrump, bnsmp.]
1. V. To collect dry sticks fallen from trees ; to lop
trees.
e.An.* Suf. To go brumping I'F.H.).
2. To cut or ' stub ' up whins or furze.
Suf. e.An. Dy. Times (1892).
Hence (i) Brumper, sb. one who thievishly lops trees
in the night ; (2) Brumpinscythe, sb. an instrument used
for cutting up whins, heather, &c.
(i) Suf.* (,2) Suf. Something like an adze (F.H.); e.An. Dy.
Times (1892).
3. sb. One who lops or 'stoughs' trees in the night. Nrf.*
4. A faggot of wood thus collected.
e.An.*, Nrf.* Suf. i F.H.) ; Suf.*
[Cp. Norw. dial, hritni. fresh twigs from the branches
of trees, broken oft" for fodder (Aasen) ; Sw. dial, brumm
(RiETZ).]
BRUM PS
[421]
BRUSH
BRUMPS, sh. pi. Dev. Iji phr. To have the Imniips
or, a fit of the bnmips. Of cattle : to rush about wildly
with their tails in the air. Cf. brims.
Dev. The cows have got the brumps, Shari.and Ways yillaee
[ 1885I 97.
BRUMPT, adj. Ken.' [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] Bankrupt ; without money. Cf. brum.
BRUMSEN, see Brunistone.
BRUMSTONE, sb. So. Nhb. Dur. Also Brks. Also
informs brumsen Nhb.'; brunistane Sc. ; biumstwun
Brks." [bru-mstan.] Brimstone.
Ayr. Burning bnimstane, Service Dr. Diigiiid [18871 87. Sc.
Fire an' brumstane, Riddell Ps. i 1857) .xi. 6. Nhb.', Dur.', Brks.'
[Brumston be sprengd in his tabernacle, Wyclif (1382)
Job xviii. 15.]
BRUN, sb. Lan. In phr. (i) (J their brim, (2) O' th'
same brtin, of the same sort, similar.
Lan. (i) To keep company wi' some o' their brun, Brierlev
Irkdale ( 1865) 49. (2) Him an' a two-thri moore o' tli' same brim
tb. IVavcrloiv i 1863) 77. '
BRUN, see Bran.
BRUND, sb. Sc. (Jam.) A portion, a vestige.
Sc.Of a garment or anything completely worn out : There's no
a brund of it to the fore.
BRUND, V. Sc. Also written bruind Per. Fif.
1. To emit sparks, as flint does when struck. Hence
Bruindin, vbl. sb. the emission of sparks. (Jam.)
2. Of the eye : to sparkle, to glance ; fig. to be angry.
Per. The blink that bruindet in her e'cCAMPnELLScP/oA. i iStg")
I. 33' I Jam.). e.Fif. Phemie was bruindin an' bleezin' awa' juist as
gin naething cud haud her again, Latto T. Bodkin liSqi) xxix
BRUN(D, see Brand.
BRUNDRIT, see Brandreth.
BRUNGEON, sb. Obs. Ken. A poor, neglected child,
a brat.
Ken. A beggar's bruHgeon (K.) ; Keu.'
BRUNGLE, sb. Cld. (Jam.) A job, a knavish bit of
business.
BRUNGLE, V. Irel. To bungle, do poor work
n.Ir. ! J.S.) Ant. Ballymcna Obs. (1892).
BRUNI, sb. Sh.I. Also written brunny. A round
thick cake of meal. Sh.I. (Coll. L.L.B ), S. & Ork *
BRUNKIE, sb. Sh.I. A brown horse. S & Ork ■
BRUNLIN, sb. Nhb. [bru'nlin.] One who is made
a butt, or befooled.
Nhb.' Ye needn't think yor gan to myek a brunlin 0' me.
BRUNNET, sb. DeV. The fig-wort, Scrophularia
aquatica ; also S. nodosa, brown-wort. See Brown-.
Dev. Science Gossip 1^18691 27.
BRUNSEL, V. ne.Lan.' [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] To be pompous and assuming.
BRUNT, sb. Hit. [brunt] An attack; used of
illness or severe cold.
Hrt. She's had a long brunt of illness (tt.G.). [May seldom
passes without a brunt of cold weather, Ray Piov. (16781 4s 1
BRUNT, adj. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lin. Also Dev. j brunt
brunt.]
1. Steep, precipitous. Cf. brant.
Nhb. Grose (1790). n.Yks.', m.Yks.' w.Yks. Hutton Tour
to Caves (1781),
2. Unceremonious, abrupt. Cf. brant, brent.
n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.2 Varry shoort an brunt. m.Yks.' He is over
brunt for some folk. Lin, Miller & Skertchly Feuland 118781
IV ; Lin.' "What a brum chap he is. D.;v, i^R.P G. 1
3. Keen, eager. Per. (Jam. »
BRUNT, t;. Yks, To stop, turn.
n.Yks.2 In chasing an animal : ill brunt him
BRUNT, .see Brant.
BRUNTIE, sb. Sc. [bru'nti.j A blacksmith.
Abd. Yestreen, I saunter'd o'er the gate To Bruntie wi' mv
couter. Cock Simple Slrniii^ - 1810I H. 118. Kcd. Auld Bruntic's
health was neist proposed, Jamie Afii'se iS^^I 72,
[A der. of brunt, pp. of burn, vb. Cf. burnewin ]
BRUNTUN, sb, fech. (Jam.) A burnt moor ; alio used
atlnb.
Bch. naffin'nwre the brunllin geek, Tarras Poems 1804) no-
A that skims the bruntlin soil, lA. 41.
BRUNTLIN(G, 5i^. Yks. [bruntlin.]
1. A cockchafer, a black-beetle.
AKn^^t "^»"'-™^.',^V«' Lit. (1841) 357; CS.K.C); w.Yk8.»
Also called Dusty Jliller.
2. A little child.
w.Yks. He doesn't seem satisfoied we his beautiful bruntlin,
Bvwater ShevvM Ann. (1853) 14; w.Yks.2 Come here, thah
iUUe bruntling. '
BRUNTLING, adj. Yks. [bruntlin.] Robust and
obtrusively vigorous in manners.
'n-Yks.'A gieat bruntling fellow— he'd shift a horse, by the
look of him. •'
BRUOLY, see Bnilyie.
BRURIE, sb. Sh.I. Blood. S. & Ork '
BRUSCH, see Brush.
BRUSH, 56.' and v.^ In var. dial, uses in Eng. Also
in lorm bruss Cor.^ Cf. brash, brish.
1. sb. The branches or ' head ' of a tree. Wil '
2. Small branches to be used as fuel, or for stickina
peas, &c. °
s.'VVor.', Slir.i Glo. fA.B.); GIo.' n.Wil. (E H G 1
Hence Brushy (Brussyj,flfl>'. Of a tree: rough, having
many short branches. ^
Nrf (A G.F.) Sur. A'. & Q. (,874) 5th S. i. 361 ; Sur.'
6. A short faggot made of brushwood; freq. called
brush-faggot.
Ken. Also used for forming a shelter or 'lew' for the ewes in
lambing time (P.M. 1.
4. A thicket. Cor.^ (s.v. Browse).
5. Hedge-clippings. e.Yks.'
6. A bunch of flowers.
Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808) 11. 423 ; Cor.»3
7. Stubble of wheat or leguminous crops.
Clis' s.Clis.i Uwiit brush [oat stubblel. Stf.' War (T R Wl
s.Wor. (H.K.) Shr.l Of leguminous crops only. "
8. Comp (i) Brush-crop, (2) -wheat, a crop sown on
stubble, directly after a similar crop.
(I) Hrf. If this brush crop produces somewhat more than half
thequantityyieldedbythefallow,thegroweris satisfied, Marshall
Renew (i8i8) II. 324- (21 Chs. He is also restrained from sowing
brush-wheat, .6. II. 19; Chs.' The sowing of two white or corn
crops in succession is prohibited in most farm agreements. It was
customary for the outgoing tenant to take two-thirds of the crop
If the wheat were grown after a bare fallow ; one half if after any
kind of green crop ; but if it were brush wheat only one-third.
t requently the outgoing tenant would stick a small branch of hazel
or other bush on the top of every other stook, then they each
knew which were their own. s.Clis.'
9. A primitive kind of harrow, made by weaving branches
of thorn into a gate or hurdle; also in coiiip. Brush-
harrow ; cf. bush, sb.^ 4, and bush-harrow.
n. Yks. Gan ower t'manure wi' t'brush-harrow vI.W.). w.Som.'
Used for harrowing pasture in the spring.
10. V. In shooting: to beat the coverts; hence, to
disturb, drive away.
n Lin.'Brushthatthearehenooto'th'stick-hill. e.An.',Suf.(F.H.)
Hence (1) Brusher, s6. a beater; (2) BTas\iinz,vbi. sb.
beating the coverts.
ii J SUf. (F.H.) (2) e.An.' A day's brushing with the governor.
U. lo trim off rough growth from a tree, a hedge, the
sides of a ditch, or path.
w.Yks. (J.T.) ; w.Yks.', Chs.» s.Clis.' Dhai sen dhQ Maa-rkwis)!
bi kumin raaynd ufoa'r liingg ; bur ahy rae-li diinu waant im to
kum tu mahy bongk dhun ahy v gotn mi ejiz briisht u bit [They
sen the Marcluls 'ull be comin' raind afore lung; bur I raly dunna
want him to come to my bonk than I've gotten my hedges brushed
a bit]. s.Not. (J.P.K.), n.Lin.' sw.Lin.' To brush out the dykes.
War. (J.R.'W.), Shr.', Nrf.'. Suf. (F.H.) Ken. For brushing
the footpath, is. od.. U'arehornc Uiglrway-bk. (June 29, 1809');
Also in regard to underwood which has be'en allowed to grow for
hop-poles, the term is applied to the cutting away of the rough
brambles, bushes, and lateral branches near the ground, which is
necessary before (he cutting down of the poles is attemotcd (P M "l ■
Ken,', Sur.i P V ■ ■;.
Hence Brushing(s, 5*. small branches ; the trimmings
off hedges after ' brushing.'
Cum.', Chs.', n.Lin.1, W^ar. J.R.W.) Nrf. Nrf. Arch. (1879^
VIII. 168. Ken.^P.M.) ^ ^
BRUSH
[422]
BRUST
12. Comp. (i) Brushing (Brush)-bill, (2) -hook, a long-
handled curved implement for trimming hedges.
(I) w.Yks. (W.H.), Not.2, Suf.i (,2) w.Yks.=, s.Chs.i, War.=,
s.Wor.i, Shr.', Oxf. (J.E. )
13. To browse ; to remove a crop from a field ; to mow
nettles, thistles, or rough grass.
n.Yks.2, w.Yks. (G.C.R.l, Shr.', e.An,' Nrf. Just take your
hook, John, and brush down that bank a little (W.R.E.) ; Nrl.',
Suf.', Ken. (P.M.), Ken.S Snr.i
14. To break up the surface of the soil with a bush of
thorns ; freq. for the purpose of working into it manure
or ' dressing.'
Wm.' That muck wants brushin in sadly. w.Yks.', w.Soni.'
BRUSH, V? and sb?- So. Wm. Yks. Lan. Lin. War.
Bdf. Lon. Suf Sur. Hmp. Dor. Dev. Also in form brish
Sur.' [bruj, brsj.]
1. V. To bestir oneself nimbly ; freq. used with about.
Wm. Noo than, brush aboot an git finished afoor dark (B.K.V
e.Lan.' Suf. He takes his pole and brushes round again, Bloom-
field Farmer's Boy (1805") 29, ed. 1845. Sur.' We shall have to
brish about to get done afore night. Hmp.' Dor. I did brush
along all ever I could ! (H.J.M.); (O.P.C.)
Hence Brusher, sb. a boy who is quick and active.
Hmp. (J.R.W.), Dor. (H.J.M.)
2. To run away, to make ofl'; freq. with off.
w.Yks. Brush off JT.) ; w Yks.= n.Lin.' When he put th' ferrits
in, my wo'd, them rats did brush ! Bdf. Batchelor Aiml. Eng.
Lang. (1809). Lon. The man 'brushed,' or rather walked off,
Mavhew Loud. Labour (1851) II. 350. Slang. One Sergeant
Matcham Had ' brushed with the dibs,' and they never could catch
'em, Barham Jiigoldsby (,ed. 1864) Dead Drummer.
3. sb. Vigorous exercise of any kind ; a determined
effort.
So. To gie a brush at any kind of work (Jam.). War.^ Come,
we have had a good brush [walk] to-day. Dev. It's many a long
day since we have seen such a brush [run with the hounds],
Whyte-Melville Katerfelto (1875) xxiii,
4. In phr. (i) To buy a brush, to run away; (2) a brush
of a boy, a sharp, active lad.
(i ) [He has bought a brush, Ray Prov. (ed. 1813) 50.] (2) Hmp.'
BRUSH, sb.^ Sc. Wm. Also Nhp. Hmp. Som.
Also written brusch Fif [bruj, brej, w.Som. also brij.]
A struggle, a tussle ; also^j^.
Fif. Crail vy'd wi'Ansterat the brusch, Tennant P(7/>is/)'V (1827)
86. Ayr. We'll over the border and gie them a brush. Burns
Cod lip your Beaver. Wm. They fratch'd an' bed a bit ov a brush
(B.K.). Nhp.' ' Stand a good brush,' is a phrase used to signify
that any article will endure, or wear a long time. ' They [a pair
of mended shoes] will stand a good brush now.' Also used of
sturdy, determined opposition : ' I'll stand a good brush before I'll
give up.' Hmp.' w.Som.' Wee ad u miidleen brush wai un, uvoa'r
keod kaetch-n [we had a fine go with him before we could catch
himl.
[The many shrewd brushes that he met with, Bunyan
P.P. (i6-]8) 83.]
BRUSH, v.^ .Som. Dev. Also written bresh Dev. ;
bursh w.Som.' To beat, thrash.
w.Som.' I'll bursh thy jacket vor thee, s'hear me, j'a darn'd
young osebird. n.Dev. Zey wone word more, and chell bresh tha,
Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 82.
[Cisse . . . must marke . . . what fault deserues a brushed
cote, TussER Hiisb. (1580) 107.]
BRUSH, sec Bruss.
BRUSHEN, afl'i'. Dor. With adjectives of size : very,
exceedingly.
Dor. I H J. M.) ; Dor.' A brushen girt rat.
BRUSHES, sb. fl. Lin. Wil.
1. The wild teasel, Dipsacus sylveslris.
Lin. Wil.' Also called Clothes-brush.
2. Phr. Brushes and Comb, the prickly heads of the
teasel.
Wil. Also called Barbers' Brushes, Garden JVk. (i8g6) 76.
BRUSHET, sb. Som. A thicket, a cluster of bush.
w.Som.' Dhik-ee aj-ez u-groa'd au'l tiie u buurshut [that hedge
is grown all to a thicket].
Hence Brushety, adj. rough, shaggy; with all the
branchlets left on.
w.Som.' You never can't make no hand o' stoppin o' gaps nif
you 'ant a-got some good burshety thorns to do it way. A quick-
set hedge when grown thickly is said to be buur'shutee. In
stopping gaps in hedges it is a good hedger's pait to make the
thorns stand out buur'shutee — i.e. bristling.
[In J)at ilke brusschet, Sir Feruiiibras (c. 1380) 800,]
BRUSH-OUT, V. n.Lin.' To flush a drain or sewer.
BRUSH-SHANK, sb. Yks.
1. A brush-handle.
w.Yks. Lucas Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882) Gl.
2. A small brush used in cooking.
w.Yks. Used for working flour through a sieve for making
tiffany cakes," ib.
BRUSH UP, vbl. phr. Sc. Also Nhp. War. Wor.
To smarten, ' titivate '; cf mense.
Dmb. The prospect of the jaunt has made him brush up so much
that you would hardly ken him now. Cross Disruption (1844)
xxxviii. Nhp.' He's brushed himself up, and now he's going to
brush up his house.
Hence (i) Brushed up, adj. phr. smartened ; (2) Brushie,
adj. sprucely dressed, fond of dress.
(_i) Wgt. (A.W.), Nhp.', War.3, Wor. (J.W.P.) (2) Rxb. He's
a little brushie fellow (Jam.).
BRUSK, sb. S. & Ork.' [brusk.] Gristle, cartilage.
[Dan. brusk, gristle ; ON. brjosk.]
BRUSLE, V. Hrf To push roughly, to rub against,
as cattle do when tormented by flies.
Hrf. (R.M.E. ) ; Hrf.* The cow was kicking and brusling agen it.
BRUSS, sb. Dev. Cor. Also in form brush Cor.'
[brBs, brBj.]
1. The prickles or short broken twigs of furze or heath ;
dried furze for fuel.
Dev. (Hall.); (R.P.C.) Cor. Monthly Mag. (18081 II. 544;
Borlase Aiitiq. (1769) 420 ; Cor.' When a younger sister marries
first, her elder sister is said to dance in the bruss; from an old
custom of dancing without shoes on the furze prickles which get
detached from the stalk. Said of a half-witted man : Not quite
baked ; he'd take another brush [faggot of dried furze] ; Cor.^
The fine and almost dusty fragments which would gradually
accumulate on the ground where furze-faggots had been kept.
Sometimes in cooking on the open hearth the latter would be
covered with bruss, whereby a ' soaking' fire was produced.
2. Dust or litter of any kind.
Dev. Any kind of dust or rubbish, such as cobwebs, chaff, &c.
(R.P.C.) Cor. How thick the brusse lies, Wxi^r Pop. Rom. w.Eng,
(1865) II. 245; Cor.3
BRUSS, adj. and adv. Ken. Sus. [brBS.]
1. adj. Brisk ; acute ; petulant, proud.
Ken. He's a bruss little mon (A.E.C.) ; (P.M.) ; Ken.' Dese 'ere
bees be middlin' bruss this marnin', they've bit me three times
already ; Ken.* Sus. A slick bruss measter man. Lower Tom
Cladpole (1831) st. 21 ; Sus.**
2. adv. Loftily, proudly. Sus. (F.E.)
BRUSS, see Brush.
BRUSSEN, see Brust.
BRUSSLE, see Brustle.
BRUSSY, adj. Cor. [brB'si.] Short, as applied to
pastry.
w.Cor. It eats all brussy-like (M.A.C.).
BRUST, v} and sb. Sc. Irel. and n. and midl. counties
to Lin. Lei. War. Shr. [brust.]
1. v. To burst, break, bruise. Cf. bost, brist, burst.
So. He that eats quhile he brusts, will be the worse while he
lives, Kelly Pcow. (1721) (Jam.). Ayr. Scriechin out prosaic verse.
An' like to brust. Burns Author s Earnest Cry (1786) st. a. N.I.'
Nhb.' We've run till like to brust, Gilchrist Blind IVillie {1844).
n.Yks. (I.W.), e.Yks.', m.Yks.' w.Yks. It fair brusts my heart,
Bronte ]Vuthe>-ing Hts. (1847) xxxiii ; w.Yks.' ; w.Yks.^ Doan't
cork it ower teet ur it'll brust. nw.Der.' n.Lin. Thaay's bound
to brust clear an' clean, Peacock Taales (i88g; 131 ; Sutton Wds.
(1881); n.Lin.i
Hence Brusting Saturday,/>/;r. Saturday before Shrove
Tuesday, when frying-pan pudding is eaten.
Lin. Streatfeild Lin. and Danes 1,1884') 319; Lin.'
2. Pirt. Tense: (i) Brast, (2) Brost, (3) Brust, (4)
Brusted.
(i) Nhb.' e.Yks. He ran full butt at deear an brast it oppen,
Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889) 55. m.Yks.' Braast. w.Yks. Wright
Grant. IVndhll. (1892) 27, 133. (2) m.Yks.' In rural dial. ' brost.'
BRUST
[423]
BRUTTLE
(3) Cum. He brust oot laughin', Waugh Rambles Lake Cy. f i86i)
185. n.Yks.2 w.Yks. Pooar fellow, he brust his sen, Bywater
Shei^vild AiDi. (1851) 7. sw.Liu.* I he fox was brussen ; it had run
while it brust. (4) Ayr. The colliu biustit wi a great explosion,
Service Di: Dngiiiil {i8B-j) 284. Nhb.' Sometimes used.
3. Pp.: (i) Brassen, (2) Brawsen, (3) Brosen, (4)
Brossan, (5) Brossen, (6) Brossened, (7) Brosten, (8)
Brussan, (9) Brussen, (10) Brussened, (u) Brust,
(12) Brusted, (13) Brusten.
(i) Cum.^ He'd brassen oot vvid a mcast terrable rooar, 25.
m.Yks.i In rural dial, 'braasu'n.' e.Lan.' (2) Lan, Sam's nose is
brawsen, Brierley Cast upon JVurlci ^1886: 36 ; Lau.^ Chaps i'
Rachdaw teawn at's so brawsen wi wit, Waugh Sketches (1857)
33- (3^ Wm. Poor Bet . . . bed her noase brosen, Wheeler
Dial. (1790) 29. Lan. Awst ha brosen wi leawin, Tim Bobbin
View Dial. (I740^ 47. (4) Wm. Ya mud a thowt thaed a brossan
thersells. Spec. Dial. (iSSs") pt. iii. 33. (5) N.Cy.S Nhb.', Dur.>
Cum.* Brossen wi' wark. Wm.^, n.Yks.^ w.Yks. Hutton Tuttr to
Caves (1781). Lan. Aw've eyten till om welley brossen, Gaskcll
Lectures {iQ^^) z^. n. Lan. Dik's brossan hiz nuoz (W.S.) ; Lan.',
n.Lan.', e.Lan,*, Lei.', War.^ (61 Yks. T'bag's brossen'd itsen
(F.P.T.). (7) N.Cy.', Nhb.' w.Yks.' 1 thowt he wad a brosten
his sell, ii. 293. Lan. Us soyne us thej''dn aw brostun theerseln,
Paul Bobbin Sf?Hf/(i8ig'i II. CUs. I can ait no more ; I'm welly
brosten, Brockett Gl. MS. add. (8) Cum.' (9) N.Cy.' Nhb. He
was sure 'he had brussen,' Dixon JVliittiiighaiii I'ale (1895 265;
Nhb.', Dur.' Cum. Fairly brussen wi' drink {^J.Ar. 1. Wm. & Cum.'
We may drink till we're brussen, 123. n.Yks.' He's gcttcn his
foot sairly brussen wiv' a wheel gannan ower it ; n.Yks. 2. e.Yks.'
w.Yks. The boil ' will be all reight as sooin as it's brussen,' Hartley
Clock Aim. (iSgo'i 34 ; Brusn, Wright Giaiii. Witdhll. (1892) 133 ;
w.Yks.^; w.Yks.3 'Brussen i' taa' is said of sacks, bags, &c. Der.
Au've iten till I'm weelly brussen. Howitt Rur. Etig. (1838) I. 150.
nw.Der.' Not. (J.H B.) ; Not.^ n.Lin.' That theare hcrse lies eat
soa many tars, he's o'must brussen hissen. sw.Lin.' (10, w.Yks. ^
Ommast brussen'd, an' couldn't heit a bit o' moar if it were ivver
soa. (11) Cum.', n.Yks. °, w.Yks, ^2 (12) w.Yks.^ Ye've brusted
two awalready. (13) Sc. Grose (17901 il/S. a(W. (C.) N.Cy.',
Nhb.' Wm. Like bomb shell blasts, when brusten as they llee.
Whitehead Leg. [iB^g\ 26. n.Yks.' ne.Yks.' Used chiefly .ts a
prefix, as in brusten-up, brusten-oot. w.Yks. (S.P.U.) ; w.Yks.^,
Shr.'
Hence (i) Brossen, ppl. iu!j. (a) full to repletion,
overfed ; (b) of a person or animal : overdone v^'ith work :
(2) Brossen-hackin, sb. a corpulent, gluttonous person ;
(3) -kern, sb. a term of ridicule applied to a premature
harvest-home; (4) -kite, sb. a big-bellied man; (51
Brussen, ///. otij. bursting, overloaded with fat ; (6)
Brussen-bagged, />/>/! (i(/j. see -kited; (7) -bags, sb. one
who drinks to excess ; (8) -belly Thursday, &c., sb.
Maundy Thursday, &c. ; (91 -big, ik/j. exceedingly stout ;
(10) -bodied, ac/J. ruptured, flatulent; (it) -broadways,
(jcij. as broad as long, owing to excessive fat; (12) -faced,
/>/>/. adj. fat-cheeked, eruptive; (13) -guts, sb. a glutton,
very corpulent person ; (14) -gutted, />/>/. nd/. corpulent ;
ruptured; (15) -hearted, //>/. adj. heart-broken; (16)
•kite, sb., see -guts; (17) -kited, ppl. adj. having a pro-
tuberant, swollen belly; (181 -out, adj. covered with
blotches, pimples ; (19) -poked, />//.«(()'., see -kited ; (20)
Brusten, ppl. adj. swelled; swaggering; (21) — \ip, ppl.
adj. reduced to small pieces, pulverized.
(I, a) w.Yks. (R.H.H. ; Lan.' There's nowt at a' coorse nor
brawsen aboot him. WAUGHyaimof/6 (1874) v. \h) Cum. i E.W.I'.)
(2, 3) Cum.' (4) n.Lan. He's a girt brossenkite (W.H.H.). (5)
w.Yks. Sich brussen fowk's nut fit ta live. Hartley Yksjiin. (Feb.
3, 1877) II, col. 2 ; Theaw greyt brossen foo, bi off wi thi whoam
(,D.L.). (6) n.Yks.2 (7) n.Yks. He's a brussenbags, he's niver
satisfied. (8) Lin. Streatfeild ii'». <j;/rfZ)o»«'5 (1884) 319. n.Lin.'
(9^n.Yks.i2 (10, II, 12, n.Yks.2 ( 13) e.Yks.', m. Yks.' w.Yks.^ ;
w.Yks.^ Here's another plaateful! for thuh brussen-guts. n.Lin.'
(l4')n.Yks.2 e.Yks.' j1/S. rt(/i/. (T.H.) n.Lin.' US') Dur.', n.Yks.' 2,
m.Yks.', n.Lin.' ( 161 m. Yks.' (17! n.Yks. '2 (18) n.Yks.' He's
brussen-out wi' lahtle water-blebs all ower his body. (19; n. Yks.^
(20) w.Yks. (S.P.U.) (21) n.Yks.'
4. In phr. to brust muck, to spread dung. w.Yks.'
5. sb. An attack, onset; rough usage.
n.Yks. Ti bahd [endure] a brust I.W.).
[3. With such a crakkande kry, as kiyffes haden brusten,
Gawaj'iie (c. 1360) 1166.]
BRUST, i^.* Sh.I. Of the tide: to ebb.
Sh.L In common use. ' It is beginning to brust,' or 'it isbruslin'
<J<..l.^. S. & Ork.'
BRUSTEN, see Brust.
BRUSTLE, sb} Dur.' Cum.^ n.Yks ' e.Yks.' w.Yks.*
s.Not. (J.P.K.) n.Lin.' Brks.' e.An.' Cnib.' Sus.' I.W.'
Written brussel Dur.' n.Yks.' n.Lin.' LVV.' ; biussle
Cum.* e.Yks.' w.Yks.* Brks.' ; brusl s.Not. Dial. pron.
of bristle.
BRUSTLE, z^.' and sb.'^ Sc. Yks. Lin. Suf Ken. Also
written broostle, broozle Slk. ; broozle. bruizle Rxb.
(Jam.) ; bruzzle w.Yks.* [bruzl, bru'sl, brB-sl.]
1. V. To bustle about, make a great fuss or stir ; to per-
spire violently from exertion.
Ayr., Ltti., Slk., Rxb. (Jam.) Yks. Thoresby Lett. (■1703V
w.Yks. iM.F.); w.Yks." Suf. Why, the old girl (a boat] brustlc
along like a hedge-sparrow, Blackw. Mag. (,Nov. 1889) 620. Ken.
To brustle up (K..).
Hence Bruzzling (brustling), ppl. adj. bustling;
suffering from excitement and fatigue.
Lin.' He was a bruzzling sort of man. Ken. A brustling fellow
K.).
2. To crush to atoms, smash completely.
Slk. How do you mean when you say the bodies were hashed?
— Champit like ; a' broozled, Hogg Tales (1838) 22, ed. 1866.
3. sb. A bustling commotion, impetuous action.
Slk. Jock made a broostle, Hugo (Jiuer Bk. (1832J 58. Ken. To
make a brustle (K.\
4. A keen chase.
Slk. We gat twal fishes, an' sair broostles had we wi' some
o' them, Hogg Tales (1838) 150, ed. 1866; He's aye gettin a
broostle at a hare, ib. 23.
BRUSTLE, V.' Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Also Ken.
Sus. Also written brusle N.Cy.^ w.Yks.'; brussle N.Cj\'
Nhb.' e.Yks.' m.Yks.'; bruzzle Nhb.' m.Yks.' [biuzl,
brusl, brBsl.] To dry, parch, scorch ; to crackle in
cooking or burning. Cf. birsle, bristle.
Ayr. ( J. F.) n.Cy. (.K.^i ; N.Cy.' ; N.Cy.^ The sun brusles the hay.
Nhb. (R.O.H.). m.Yks.', w.Yks.' ne.Lan.' They wor brussling
their shins befoor t'fire. Ken. ' K.^ e.Sus. Holloway.
Hence (i) Biustled, ppl. adj. scorched, parched, over-
roasted ; (2) Bruzzling, />/>/. ffr^'. scorching.
(i) n.Cy. Brusled pease, Grose (1790). Nhb.', Cum. (J. A.)
n.Yks. We're eeatin' brussled peas (I.W.). e.Yks. The labourers
[at Bridlington] ran and danced about, ate the ' brustled peas.'
Hone Table-bk. (1827) II. 582 ; e.Yks.' (2) w.Yks. To be bruzzling
hot, Hamilton Kiigae Lit. (1841') 358.
[To brustle, crcpitare, Skinner (1671).]
BRUTCH, see Broach.
BRUTHEEN, sb. Ire!. Disorder, confusion.
Ir. His own was in such brutheen, Carleton Traits Peas.
(1843 ' 98-
BRUT(TE, V. and sb. Suf. Ken. Sur. Sus. [br^t.]
I. 1. V. To browse, to bite or nibble young shoots off
trees.
e.An.' Suf. Bailey (1721). Ken. (P.M.); Grose (1790);
Lewis /. Tenet (1736; ; Ken.2, Sur.' Sus. Kay (1691) ; Sus.'*
Hence Bruiting, vbl. sb. nibbling young shoots.
Ken.' In the printed conditions of the sale of cherry orchards,
there is generally a clause against ' excessive brutting,' i.e. that
damage so done hy the purchasers must be paid for.
2. To break off the young shoots of stored potatoes.
ne.Ken. He's bruttin 'taters iJI.M.V Ken.'*
II. 1. sb. A voung shoot or bud.
Ken. (P.M.); Ken.', ne.Ken. (H.M.)
2. V. Of plants or roots : to sprout.
Ken. I P.M.I ; Ken.' My taturs be bruited pretty much dis year.
[F"r. broittcr, ' manger I'herbe, les jeunes pousses, en les
arrachant avec les dents ' ; broiit, ' ce que broute le betail,
jeune pousse des arbres au printemps' (Hatzfeld).]
BRUTTLE, adj. Suf Ken. Sur. Sus. [brBtl.]
1. Brittle. Sur.', Sus.'* Cf. bruckle.
2. Of cows: given to breaking through fences.
Suf., Ken. Grose (1790;. Ken. Yu'd better luk arter dat ole
kCow, she's turrbul brutlle {P.M.\ Sus.*
[Al were it so that the yiftes of Fortune ne were nat
brutel ne transitorie, Chaucer Bodhiiis, bk. 11. pr. v. 4.J
BRUTTLE
[424]
BUCCA
BRUTTLE, see Brattle.
BRUYANS, sb. Cor. Also in form buryans Cor.'
Crumbs.
Cor. The cake was . . . cut up. . . . Nothing of it was left— not
even the bruj-ans, Bottrell Trad. (1880 71 ; Cor.'
[OCor. bro'wian, brewyoii, crumbs vWilliams); cp. Wei.
bnivion, ' micae ' (Davies).]
BR.VZ{Z,v. and sb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Der. Lin. Nhp.
[bruz.]
1. V. To bruise, batter, blunt. Cf. breeze, brize.
w.Yks. Aw've bruzzed mi foot agen a stone (D.L.); w.Yk?.'
Lan.' Th' skin bruzz'd off th' whirlbooan o' mi knee, TiM Bobbin
IVks. (ed. 1750) 45; Aw've bruzzed mi clog-nose wi puncin' that
owd can. n.Lan. A'v brazd dhat stian, bat A hev'nt brokan it
(W.S.). e.Lan.' Der.^ To hurt a tool by striking it against any-
thing hard. nw.Der.', n.Lin.', Nhp.'
Hence (i ) Bruzly, adj., see Bruzzled ; (2) Bruzz'd, pp.
bruised ; (3) Bruzzen, v. to bruise ; (4) Bruzzened,^/>/. aiij.
bruised ; (5) Bruzzled, />/>/. adj. bruised, rubbed, rough.
(i)Nhp.' (2) n.Yks.2, w.Yks.', Nhp.' (3) n.Lin.' (4) Nhp.'
($) Nhp.' Faded, rubbed, very much bruised as a pewter plate.
Also applied to a very rough face. Still in very general use ;
commonly applied to anything that has the surface roughened.
When the handle of a stone-mason's chisel becomes soft and
roughed from being repeatedly struck with the mallet, it is so
bruzzled as to be unfit for use. If a tree or thorn have a large,
strong, bushy head, matted, or intertwined, it would be termed
bruzly or bruzzled.
2. Cotnp. (i) Bruz-beeans, (2) -man, a boxer; a breaker
of bones ; (3) -midden, a romp ; a dirty, untidy person ;
(4) -water, a bad sailing siiip ; (5) -wood, a clumsy
mechanic.
(i,a)n.Yks.« (3)n.Yks. (T.S.^ ; (S.K.C.) (4, 5) n.Yks.2
3. sb. A bruise. Cum. (E.W.P.), n.Yks.'^, m.Yks.'
BRUZZLE, see Brustle.
BRY sec Breeze.
BRYANSTONE BUCK, phr. Dor. The stag-beetle,
Lucantis cervtis.
Dor. So called from being often found in the neighbourhood of
Bryanstone [near Blandford], Barnes GI. (1863); w.Cas. (Feb.
IS, 1889) 6; N. & O. (18771 sth S. viii. 44.
BRYTHALL, see Brithil.
BRYTTLE, v. Obs. ? Sc. To cut up or carve venison.
Sc.And Johnie has bryttled the deer sae weel, ScoTi Minstrelsy
(1802) HI. 117, ed. 1848 ; Mackay.
[Seynt Thomas wes biscop, and barunes him quolde,
heo brutlede him, O. E. Misc. (c. 1275), ed. Morris, 92.]
BU, sb. S. & Ork.> 1. A manor-house. 2. Cattle.
[Norw. dial, bu, a dwelling; also cattle (Aasen).]
BU, see Boo.
BUARD, see Buer.
BUB, s6.' Yks. Not. Lin. Also in forms bublin
n.Lin.'; bubbling sw. Lin.' [bub.] A young, unfledged
bird. See Barebub.
m.Yks.' Nut. The nest bub [smallest bird in the nest] (J.H.B.).
Lin. Bare bublins, A'. &> Q. (1878) 5th S. x. 97; Haafe on 'im
bare as a bublin', Tennyson Owd Rod (1889). n.Lin. Sutton
IVds. (1881) ; n.Lin.' His skin was as black as a bub-craw. As
bare as a bub. sw.Lin.' They're only bubblings, let them be
while they're fligged.
BUB, sb.'^ and v. Lan. Lin. Slang, [bub.]
1. sb. Intoxicating liquor of any kind.
Lin.' Cant. See if you have any grub, and any more bub in the
cellar, Ainsworth Rookivood (1834) bk. v. i.
2. A child's name for drink. e.Lan.' See Bup.
3. V. To drink. Amer. (Farmer).
[In a short time these four return'd laden with bub and
food. Head English Rogue (1671), ed. 1874, 36 (Farmer).]
BUB, si.3 bur. Yks. Lan. [bub.] Weaving term:
a lump or thick place in the yarn.
s.Dur., n.Yks. A've always endivorcd to spin a level threed —
with nowther bubs nor snocks in't i J.E.D.). e.Lan.'
BUB, sb.* Obs. ? Sc. A gust, a blast.
Sc. Deep through the bustcous bubs o' nicht Brak forth a
strugglin grane, Jamieson Pop. Ballads (1806I 233.
[ Ane blusterand bub out fra the northt braying, Douglas
Etteados (1513), ed. 1874, 11. 28.]
BUBBERY, see Bobbery.
BUBBLAN, vbl. sb. Sc. Also written bibblan. The
act of tippling, toping. See Bibble, v., Bub, sb.'^
Bnff.' Bubblan an' drinkan.
BUBBLE, V. and sb. Sc. Nhb. Also written bibble
n.Sc. [bubl.]
1. V. To 'snivel,' weep, ' blubber' ; to discharge mucus
from the nose.
n.Sc. His nose is bibblin'. She bibblt an grat till her face wiz
as red's a collop(W. G.). Ayr. The first ane hasyokiton [attacked]
him and sent him hame bubblin'. Service Notandums (1890) 74.
Lnk. Bubbling and greeting like to burst, Fraser Whaups (1895)
vii. Nhb. Maw feelin's will set me on a bubblin', Allan Tyiuside
Siigs. (1891) 396 ; Nhb.' The expression, ' he bubbled and cried,'
is very common. ' The prayer wadn't de, so they started te bubble,"
S)ig. The Devil.
Hence Bubbly, aaj. dirty, tear-stained, blubbering,
drivelling.
Sc. His bubbly beard, Drum MONDil/wciowacAyC 1846) 17. n.Sc.
This is the bibblie gaiger or ocean [nose]. Child's Rime. He's
a puir, sma-facet,bibblie bit bairnie, that (W.G.); (H.E.F.) Dmb.
A bit Ijubbly wean. Cross Disruption (1844) vi. n.Cy. The bairn
has a bubbley nose, Grose (1790) ; N.Cy.' Nhb. He's an ugly
body, a bubbly body. An ill-far'd, ugly loon. Bell Rhymes (1812)
48 ; Nhb.'
2. sb. In pi. The secretion or mucus of the nose.
Nhb.' Wipe tlie bubbles off the bairn's nose.
BUBBLING, see Bub, s6.'
BUBBLY, (7fl'/. Nhb. Dur. [bubli.] Of stone: broken,
decomposed.
Nhb., Dur. Bubbly freestone. Borings (1878) I. 166.
BUBBLY-JOCK, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Also in form
bubbly, [bublidgok.] A turkey-cock.
Sc. A Duchess of Gordon asked a gentleman to rax her the
spaul o' that bubbly-jock [leg of the turkey] (G.W.). Abd. Like
a bubblyjock vvi' 's tail up, Alexander yo/;;j«v Gibb (1871) xlvi.
e.Fif. Blawin' out his skinny chafts like the snotter o' an angry
bubbly jock, Latto T. Bodkin (1894) vii. Ayr. Help to carve
the bubbly-jock, Galt Entail (1823) Ixxvii. Lnk. He strutted
about like a bubbly-jock in his gorgeous attire, Fraser IVhanps
(18951 vii. Lth. Jouks, bubbly-jocks, an' grumphies roastit, Smith
Merry Bridal ^i866) 13. Slk. A gander, in sporting circles, would
be backed at odds, in pedestrianism, against a bubbly, Chr. North
A'oc/fs (ed. 1856) III. 214. N.Cy.' Nhb. If wor bubbly-jock craws
cot. Aw needn't o' bad weather doot, Robson Sngs. of Tyne
(1849) 152 ; Nhb.' Prob. so named from the wattles hanging from
the front of his bill and down his neck. Cum. Cock an' hen. An'
dog an' bubbly-jock. Burn Poems ( 1885) 282 ; His feace grew as
reed as t'choUers ov a bubbley-jock, Farrall Betty JViison
(1886) 26.
BUBBOCK, sb. s.Pem. [bu'bsk.] A scarecrow.
s.Pem. Laws Little Eng. (1888) 419 ; Bill, the craws be main
bad 'pan the tatas, put a bubbock up t'other end of the field, will
yea? (W.M.M.)
[Wei. bwbach, ' terriculamentum ' (Davies).]
BUBBY, see Booby.
BUBBY-HEAD, adj. Wil.' The fish Miller's Thumb,
Coitus gobio.
BUBOW, sb. s.Pem. Also in forms bugo, bugaw.
A Jew's-harp. See Gewgaw.
s.Pem. Laws Little Eng. (i888) 419: Haw many tunes canst
tha play with th' bubow, Jeck ? (W.M.M. )
BUCCA, sb. Cor. Written bucha Cor.^ [bB ka.]
1. A ghost, hobgoblin.
Cor. Certain sounds in mines were believed to be the old
miners working underground ; a great many people assembled to
hear the knocking, but after a time the ' bucca ' disappeared, Flk-
Lore Ree. (1882) V. 175; Cor.=3
2. A scarecrow. Cor.°^
3. A stupid person.
w.Cor. Some great plum-head bucca, Thomas Randigal Rhymes
(1895) 5. Cor.' Penzance boys up in a tree, . . . Newlyn buccas,
strong as oak. Knocking 'em down at every poke.
4. Coiiip. (i) Bucca-boo, a mischievous sprite ; a scare-
crow; cf. bugabo(o; (2) -davy, a simpleton; (3) -gwidden,
a good fairy; a simpleton ; (4) -web, a hobgoblin.
(i) w.Cor. Newlyn fishermen were wont, when they had 'a
good catch,' to throw a fish into the sea as an offering to the
BUCCA
[425 J
BUCK
Bucca boo, Flk-Lore Jrn. \i&&i 1. 364. Cor.' =3 (2) Cor. This
gayte buccadavy, ail'ys geckin' round, Pf.arce Eatlur Paiiiealh
l.iBoi'i bk. i. 19. i3) Cor.'3 (4) Cor.3
[OCor. liicca, hobgoblin, bugbear, scarecrow (Wil-
liams).]
BUCCA, see Buck, sL^°
BUCH, see Butch.
BUCHARET, sL Sc. The swift, Cypselits apiis.
Tt{. Swainson Birds (1885) 96.
BUCHT, see Bought.
BUCK, sb} and v} Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also Anier.
1. sb. A roe. m.Yks.'
2. A male rabbit. n.Yks. (W.H.), w.Yks. (J.W.), War.^
Wor. (J.W.P.), w.Som.', nw.Dev.'
3. The stag-beetle.
Hmp. Children when chasing it sing — ' High buck, Low buck.
Buck, come down,' Wise Neiv Forest (^1883) 280 ; Hmp,*
4. The spittle-fly. Cor.'^
5. An unlicensed cabdriver; any person riding illegally
on a cab.
Lon. slang. Employed to take charge of tlie cab while the
regular drivers are at their meals or enjoying themselves, Mayhevv
Land. Labour (^ed. 1861) III. 352 ; Gl. Lab. [^i&Q.\\.
6. A dandy, a fop.
Sc. Willie, my buck, shoot oot your horn. Chambers Pop.
Rhymes 1 ed. 1870 202. Abd. Ae buck o' a chiel, Beatties Parings
{1813') 14, ed. 1873. Nhb. Od smash! what a buck was Bob
Cranky, Allan Col/. Siigs. (1891") 88. Cum. When I w.is a young
buck iv a chap, Richardson Talk 1,1871) i. Lan. A noice buck
he wur, donned in his halliday jumps, Staton Loo>ninary[c. 1861)
74. Lin. Streatfeild /,;■». oxrfDnHcs (^18841 319. n.Lin.' Hmp
' Ees,' sez I, ' my buck,' ForcsUis' Misc. (1846) 166. Dor. As we
bucks used to do in former days. Hardy IVoodlatiders (18871 x.
w.Soni.' Waud-n [was not] ee- u beet uv u buuk ? CoIIoq. How
are you, my buck ? Dicke.ns Old C. Shop (1840) Ivi. [Amer. Dial.
Notes : 1G96) I. 329.]
Hence (i) Buck, m^'. At Winchester School : good, fine;
(2) Buckish, (iiij. dandified ; (3) Bucko, sb. a roysterer.
(I) Slang. Ofc. lA.D.H.) (2 w.Som.' (3) s.Wxf. (P.J.M.)
7. Pride, vanity ; bad temper.
Win. Let's hev iiin o' thi buck, but gang on wi' thi wark. She's
plenty o' buck aboot her (B.K. '.
8. Coiiip. (i) Buck-bearing, teasing, fault-finding; (2)
-buck, see below; (3) -finch, the chaffinch, Friiigilla
coelcbs; (4) -fisted, awkward, clumsy; (5) -hearted, of
cabbages : having lost the centre or eye ; (6) -lioss,
a giggling person ; (7) -rat, a male rat ; (S) -'s-leathers,
buckskin breeches ; (9) -stick, a smart or sprightly
fellow; an old friend; (10) -sturdie, obstinate; (11)
•swanging, (12) -thanging, (13) thwanging, the punish-
ment of swinging a person against a wall; see below;
(14) -tooth, a large or projecting tooth; (15) -toothed,
having large or projecting teeth.
(1I Lei.' The moment any one speaks she begins buck-bcerin*.
(2) Nlib.' One boy ' makes a back,' and the other player leaps on
it, calling out, ' Buck-buck, hoo many fingers div aa had up V Ii
the buck guesses right the players exchange places. [Phil. Soe.
Trans. (1858) 150.] (3) [Swainson Birds I 18851 62.] (4") Bdf.
(J.'W.B.) 1,5) WU.' Also called Crow hearted. ^6) Cor.3 Laugh-
ing like a great buck-hoss. (7) w.Yk?.^ As fierce as a buck-rat, 79.
•w Som.' Seldom used. (8) Suf. l,C.T.) 191 w.Yks. Cudworth
//o/-/oH (1886) ; w.Vks. 25, n Lin.i 1 101 Frf. (Jam.) ( i i 1 w.Yks.^
A punishment used by grinders, for idleness, drunkenness. &c.
(12I Lan. The offender ... is placed on his back ; four boys seize
each an arm, or a leg, and the person is swung as high as possible,
and then allowed to fall with a heavy bump on the ground,
Harland & Wilkinson Leg. (1873) 175. (13) Lan. They dis-
sarv't thcr noses ringin ureize bucklhwangin. Ormerod Fellev/ro
Jiachde 'i86.\)i. : I4,Sc.'Jam.) Edb. Grindinghisbnck-tcelh like
am.idbull, MoiR Mniisif H'aiich (1828) .xxiii. (15) Nhb. Wour dance
began, Avvd buck-tyuth'd Nan, Allan Tyiie.sidc Siigs. 1 18911 94.
9. Coiiip. in plant-names: (i) Buck-bean, Meiiyajil/ies
irifolidki, also called Bog-bean, q.v. ; (2) -breer, Rosa
C(7;;/«fr, wild rose ; cf buckie, s/;.^ ; (31 -gTass, Lytopoi/iiiiit
cicivatiini, cf. buckhorn, sb. 1 ; (4) hop, the male hop-plant;
(5) -thistle, a large thistle; (6) -thorn, I'tuniis spiiiosa,
blackthorn.
VOL. I.
(il Rxb. (Jam.) Cum. Hutchinson L/ist. Cum. (.1794 1. 22a.
YkE., Chs. 12 Ait.Ewa. (3: Cum. (4) Kea. ^P.AL) ^5) e.Yks.,
n.Liii.' (6) n.Lin.'
10. V. Of animals : to push with the horns, to butt.
Per. (Jam.) Crk. The bull then began bucking the wall down.
Flk Lore Jrn. (1883) VL 322. m.Yks.', Shr.s Hrt. Many of
these kickers are very apt and prone to buck other cows, Eilis
Cy. Ilsivf. U750) 174.
11. Of hares and rabbits: copulate. w.Yks. (J.W.),
ne.Lan.', Stf.*, n.Lin.'. w.Som.'
Hence Buckish, at/j. w.Som.'
12. In phr. to buck up, (i) to make oneself smart, to
dress in one's best; (2) to be glad; (3) to pluck up
courage; to stand up for; to subscribe for; (4I to
approach boldly, to make advances, esp. in courtship.
(I) Wm. (B.K.), e.Yks.' w.Yks. Buckin hursen up in a yolla
bonnet, Tom Treddlehoyle Bairnsla Ann. (1865) 22 ; w.Yks.^,
Lan.' n.Lan.' He's parlish grand when he's o' buck't up.
nw.Der.', n Lin.' w.Som.' Waud-n aawur Saam u buukt aup
dhan, laas Ziin dee ? [was not our Sam smartly dressed then,
last Suiid,-iy '] (2) Slang. At Winchester School : Buck up. it's
a half holiday! (AD.IL); Shadwell IVykeham. Slang (1859-
1864^ (3) Cu-n. We bucked up for blin Jenny, Axdekson
Ballads (ed. 1815 67. Wm. Ah hard a awful queer noise, but Ah
buckt up an' went in B.K.). LMa. We're for bucking up for the
man that's bucking up for us, Caine Man.vman (,1895^ 245. War.'
(4) Cum.i Buck up till her, lad. Wm. B.K.), e.Yks.' Lan. Aw
thowt aw'd buck up to her, Harland Sngs. 0/ Wilsons (ed. 1865)
54. Not. (JH.B.)
Hence Buck, adv. vigorously, with force.
Elg. May luck aye gang buck aye Agin the temperance tent.
Tester Poems ii855) 129.
BUCK, s/;.2 and v.'^ Obsol. or obs. In use in Sc. Irel.
and Eng. Also written bauk Wm. ; booc Som.; book
Dun' Dor.' Wil.' w.Som.'; bouk Sc. N.Cy.' Nhb.' Cum.'
Wm. w.Yks.' Nhp.'; bowk ne.Lan.' Cf bucking.
1. sb. Lye made from cow-dung, stale urine, or wood-
ashes, for washing coarse linen.
Sc. (Jam.), N.Cy.', Dur.' [A tub of cloaths laid in buck (K.j ]
2. A large wash of clothes, esp. of the coarser kind ; the
quantity washed at once.
Nhp.i2, Oxf.' B.ks. G/. 11852'); Brks.' Ken.' Sixty years ago
farmers washed for their farm ser\'ants. In the bunting house
were piled the gaberdines, and ether things waiting to be washed
until there was enough for one buck. Wil. What a book of
cloothes, Britton Beauties (1825) ; Wil.' Dor.' She can icrn upan'
vuold A book o' clothes, 248. Som. W. & J. Gl. (i873\ w.Som.'
Aay kcod-n uulp kaar oa'm dhu book u kloa'uz [I could not help
carry home the wash of clothes'.
3. Com p. (i) Buck-basket, a large clothes-basket; (2)
■house, a wash-house ; (3) -lee, lye, the lye of wood-ashes
used in washing clothes ; (4) -sheet, (5) -sheeting, coarse
cloth; see below; (6) -stick, a 'batlet' used in washing
clothes; (7) -stone, a stone on which linen is beaten;
(8) -tub, a washing-tub; (9) -wash, (10) -weshin', a wash
of coarse linen.
(i) Lei.', Shr.', Suf.' (2':- N.I.' A good buck-house, with a
well-watered bleaching green, Belfast Ncivslelter (1738; Advl.
(3) Shr. Buck-lec , . . was most unlucky to keep in the house
during 'the Christmas,' Burne Flk-Lore (1883) 397; Shr.' Ob-
tained from burning green « brash' or fern. (4) Nhp.' The cloth
upon which ashes are spread for the making of lye. Lei.' Used to
lay the wet clothes on. Bdf. iJ.W.B.), Hnt. (T.P.K.) (51 Bdf.
Used for making rough aprons, &c. (J.W.B.) (6) Yks. Yks.
H'kly. Post {j883). (,7) Shr.2 (81 Lei.', Nhp.'^, War.3 (9 Let',
Nhp. 2, War. 3 Shr.' The bukwcsh' took place about every three
months. No soap was used, but the linen was boiled in bucklce.
It was then carried to a stream or spring, and laid upon a smooth
stone or a block; there the linen was beaten with a * batslalT,'
after which it w.ts well ' swilled ' in the pure water. A w,-ish of
finer linen was called a 'soaping.' Brks.', Ken. ' ( 10) Shr.'
4. V. To wash linen in lye; occas. to wash the face or
hands; to soak, drench.
Sc. To bouk claise Jam.) ; [They] had [their necks and arms]
boukit an' graithcd,— as housewives are wont to treat their webs
in bleaching, GUnfergiis (1820) III. 84 (Jam.). nw.Abd. I taks
them oot to buck and bleach them well, GoprfKi/i' 1 1867) st. 25.
N.Cy.', Nhb.', Enr.', Cum.' Wm. They mend and darn, bauk anJ
blccch, lIurioN Bran New ll'ark (1785) I. 38. w.Yk?.'. ne Lein.' -
3'
BUCK
[426]
BUCKARTIE-BOO
Nhp.' A mode of washing now almost exploded exc. in old-fashioned
farm-houses; Nhp.2, s.Wor. (H.K.), se.Wor.> Shr.' Theer's six
an' twenty slippin's 0' j-orn to buck; Shr.^ Hrf. Duncumb Hist.
Hif. (1804V Ken. Obs. (P.M.); Ken.i
Hence (i) Buck, n^'. soaking, drenching; (2) Bucking,
ppl. adj. o{ weaiher : showery.
(I J Hit. Lest the buck rains harden the ground, Ellis Pi act.
Farm. (1759) 19. (2) Nhp.'
[1. Buck, the liquor in which cloaths are washed, Ash
(1795). 2. A buck of cloaths, Imteorum sordidoriim incoctio
et couiHsio, Coles (1679). 3. {3) Buck lie, Lixivium, ib.
4. (He) laueth hem in the lauandrie, . . . and bouketh
hem at hus brest, P. Ploimnan, (c.) xvii. 331. Cp. G.
bdiicheii, to steep in lye ; betiche, lye, a wash of clothes.]
BUCK, sh? and v? Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Stf.
Der. Also Dev. Cor. [buk, b^k]
1. sb. A smart blow on the head. Cf. buckie, sb?
Dur. Part of a punishment called ' cobbing,' Henderson Flk-Lore
(1879) i.
Hence Buck i' fneiiks, phr., a rude game among boys.
Cum.'
2. A piece of wood used instead of a ' billet ' on hard
ground. Lan.'
3. The ' driver' used by players in the games of ' buck-
stick,' 'spell and knur' ; also the game itself
Nhb.' m.Lan.' A lad wi' a pickin'-stick an' a buck knocks id
thro' th' chap's window.
4. Coiitp. Buck-stick, the 'driver' or bat used in 'spell
and knur.' Also called buck-head.
N.Cy.' Nhb. Canes is t'j-uk t'm'yck buckstickson, Chater.^/»j.
(1869) 12. Dur.' The head is made usually of some soft wood,
the shank or handle of a hazel cut in winter. e.Dur.' Obs. The
' buck-head ' was about the size and shape of a small Yorkshire
Relish bottle, with one side flat. The stick inserted in the ' buck,'
and fastened to it with cobbler's wax-ends, was gen. a cane about
a yard long. Yks. Yks. Wkly. Post (June 23, 1883}.
5. V. To break ore into small pieces.
Der. Manlove Lead Mines (1653') 261. Cor.'^
Hence (i) Bucker, sA. («) a hammer for crushing lead
ore ; (b) an instrument for bra3'ing sand ; (2) Bucking,
vbl. sb. and ppl. adj. bruising ore; (3) Bucking-iron, sb.
a flat hammer for crushing copper ore.
(i, a Nhb.' Ois. Nhb., Dur. FoRSTEaS/rrt/a (1821)338. m.Yks.'
w.Yks. Graikge Kidderdale (1B63 1 193. Der. Furness Mediais
(1836'! 56. n.Der. The paltry pittance earned by beating ore with
a bucker, HALL//flWi«snj-«(i8g6i vii. Der.^, nw Der.' (A N.Cy.',
Nhb.', m.Yks.' (2) Cor. Trudg'd hum fram Bal from bucking
copper ore, J. Trenoodle Spec. Dial. ( 1846} 22 ; The bucking and
jigging maidens, Tkegellas Talcs (1868) 5. (3) Cor.'
6. To pull out, extract.
Dev. Aching teeth extracted by Blacksmith Brooks, who was
'a rare good 'and fur bucking 'em out,' Stooke Not E.va tly, xi.
n.Dev. To buck corn, to pick out all the grain in the ground, Grose
(1790 MS. add. iH.)
7. Fify. To beat, overcome ; to give in, yield.
w.Yks. O think he'll be buck'd this toime, Bywater Sheffield
Dial. (1877) 47: w.Yks.2 n.Stf. Used when a collier finds his
work unprofitable or uncongenial and leaves it (J.T. ). Stf.2 It
dunor lauk much far lift, bar it klin buks mei.
Hence (i) Bucking, z'i/. si. the extent of one's strength ;
(2) put to buck. phr. made conscious of difficulty.
(i i Der.', nw.Der.' (2 Dev. He'd never been put to buck so
much in his life before. Reports Pmviiic. ;i877) 128.
8. To obstruct, keep back.
nw.Dev.' Jis putt a thorn in thucker rack vor buck back the
bullocks.
BUCK, .sA." and iJ." Sc.
1. dt. The sound made by a stone falling into water.
5. &Ork.'
2. V. Of liquids: to make a gurgling noise when poured
out; to gulp in swallowing. Sc. (Jam.), S. & Ork.'
BUCK, si.5 and v.'' Bnff.
1. sb. Walking over the same ground repeatedly ;
crowding. 2. v. To walk over the same ground ; to crowd;
to walk with a stately step. Hence Buckan, vbl. sb. the
act of walking or crowding.
Bnff.' He biickit oot an' into the hoose the hail day. The men
buckit aboot the tent-door.
BUCK, sb? Lin. Lei. Nhp. e.An. Sus. Hmp. Som. (?)
Also in form bouk (q.v.).
1. Size.
Lin.' The cauf is no buck.
Hence Buck, v. to swell out (?).
Som. Jennings Dial. v.'.Eng. (1869J. [Not known to our corre-
spondents ; see Euck, t'.^]
2. The breast, the belly.
Suf. Grose ( 1790) ; Suf.' Sus. Ray (1691') ; (K.) ; Sns.^
3. The body of a cart or wagon, esp. the front part.
Lei.' A ledge at the lop [is! called the ' fore-buck.' Nhp.', e.An.',
Nrf.' Suf. Cullum Hist. Hawsted {1813) ; (F.H.); Suf.' Ess.
Ess. Arch. Soc. Trans. (1863) 11. 180. Hmp. Grose 1,1790) ; Hmp.'
[(K.)]
BUCK, sb.'' Nhb. Wm. Yks. Chs. Shr. Ken. [buk.]
1. The front cross-piece of a plough, to which the horses
are attached ; see also below.
Wm. A prop attached to the shafts of a cart to keep the body
level when the horse is unyoked iB.K.). n.Yks. Also called
Landstroke (I.W.). Chs.', s.Chs.' Shr.' A T-shaped end to the
plough-beam, having notches in it for the purpose of regulating
the draught of the plough. Cf Copsil.
2. Coiitp. Buck-chain, a chain connecting the swing-trees
to the cross-piece of a plough. Chs.'
3. A hook or ring for attaching the traces to a plough-
beam. Nhb.', n.Yks. (W.H.), w.Yks. (J.J.B.)
4. The iron cap into which a ploughshare is fixed. Ken.
(P.iVI.)
5. The movable handle to a whipsaw. n.Yks. (LVV.)
BUCK, sb.^ Hmp. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. [bBk.] A
fermentation in milk or cream, producing a rank or sour
flavour.
nw.Dev.' Her tell'th ma they've a-got the buck in the dairy.
Cor.' The buck is in the milk ; Cor.^
Hence (i) Bucked (buckard), adj. (a) of milk: sour,
fermented; ib) of cheese : rank and full of holes; (2)
Bucky, adj. rank, sour.
(I, rt) n.Dev. Let tha nielk be buckard in buldering weather,
E.ini. Scold. (.1746^ 1. 205; Grose (1790). nwDev.' Mind you
clain out the bucket proper; the milk's got buck'd. Cor. Monthly
Mag. (1808) n. 544. (AiSora. W. & J. Gl. 1 18731. w.Som '
Dev.' The cheese was a buck'd and vinned, 12. (2I Hmp. Grose
(1790) ; Hmp.' Dor. Barnes Gl. (1863). Dav. llKWETrPeas. Sp.
(,i892\
BUCK, sb.^ Hrt. e.An. Polygomim fagopyrum, buck-
wheat.
Hrt. Ellis Mod. Husb. (1750) IV. 183. e.Nrf. Marshall Riir.
Econ. (1787 . [Grose (1790).]
[Sowe buck or branke, that smels so ranke, Tusser
Husb. (1580) 109.]
BUCK, sb.'° Yks. Chs. Der. Also in form bucka
w.Yks.^ ; bucca Der.^ nw.Der.' [buk.] Bread and
butter; a slice of bread or bread and butter. Cf. butty, si.'^
w.Yks. 2 Chs.' Th' babby wur clemt, but aw gin her a buck and
'00 et it up ; Chs.3, Der.2 nw.Der.' A piece of bread spread over
with treacle is a trcacle-bucca ; also bread with hogs' lard is lard-
bucca.
BUCK, sZ>." Stf. War. Won Hrf. A fork-load of peas
from the field or rick. Stf. (G.F.N.), War. (J.R.W.),
Won, Hrf (G.F.N.)
BUCK, v.^ Nhb. Also Som. Dev. To warp a saw,
so that it will not cut truly. w.Som.'
Hence (i) Bucked, ppl. adj. of a saw: warped; (2)
Bucksheened, adj.hay'ing the shin-bones bent or crooked.
(I) w.Som.' A buukt saw can only be put right by hammering.
Anv other tool would be buckled (q.v.'i. nw.Dev.' (2) Nhb.
Bucksheen'd Bob. fra Stella, N. Minstrel (1806-7) 78 ; Nhb.'
BUCKALEE, sb. Sc. A call used to shepherds;
occurring only in the foil, rimes.
Sc. Buckalee, buckalo, buckabonnie, buckabo, A fine bait
amang the corn — what for no? Chambers Pop. Rhymes (1870)
150 ; (G.W.) Rnf. The call which is used to negligent herds, who
allow the cows to eat the corn. ' Buckalee, buckalo, bucka, bonnie
belly horn ; Sae bonnie and sae brawly as the cowie cows the
corn' (Jam.).
[Gael, buachailh', shepherd.]
BUCKARTIE.BOO, v. Bnflf.' To coo as a pigeon.
BUCKEEN
[427]
BUCKING
BUCKEEN, sA. Ircl. A well-to-do farmer ; a young
dandy.
Ir. The world's dilTer there is betuxt thim an' our own dirty
Irish buckcens, Carleton Trails Peas. (1843) I. 418 Wxf. Your
half-sirs, or buckcens, orsquireens, Kenncdv Even. Dtiffiey (1869)
355-
[Buck, sh.^ 8 + -ceil (Ir. -fii), dim. siilT. ; cp. srjiiiirrii.]
BUCKER, sl>.' Chs.'= Written buckow Chs.= A
buckle. See etym. of Bradow.
BUCKER, sb.' Nhp. e.An. Also in form bucket
e.An.'
1. A horse's hind leg. e.An.', Nrf.' Cf. bought, sA.',
buck, v.^
2. Coiiip. Bucker-ham, (i) the hock-joint of a horse ; (2)
the hollow of the knee.
(I) e.An.i, Nrf.' (2) Suf. (F H)
3. A bent piece of wood on which slaughtered animals
are hung.
Nhp.' Also called Gambril. e.An.', Nrf.' Suf. (,F.H.) ; Suf.'
As bent as a bucker. Prov.
BUCKER, V. and sb.^ Bnff.
1. V. To rustle ; to wear rich, rustling clothes ; also /ig.
to move or work fussily or awkwardlv.
Bnff.' Shewiz jist buckerin' in silk an' saitin. She buckcrt but
an' ben the llecr, an' wiz in a' bodie's rod.
Hence (i) Buckeran, vbl. sb. rustling; fuss; (2)
Buckerin', />/>/. ad/, fussy, awkward. Bnft".'
2. sb. The rustling of silk, paper, &c. 3. Noisy bustle;
an awkward, noisy person, ib.
BUCKET, sb. and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Eng. and
Amer.
1. sb. A wooden pail.
n.Lin.' Sometimes a distinction is made, a wooden vessel being
called a bucket and a tin one a pail. [Amer. The term is applied,
in the -■;. and w . to all kinds of pails and cans holding over a
gallon, Bartlett.]
2. The sucker of a pump ; the piston of a lifting set of
pumps in a pit.
Nhb.i Nhb., Dur. Nicholson ConI Tr. Gl. 1888'). Chs.'
3. A revolving boat, seen at fairs. w.Yks.^
4. A square piece of moorish earth, below the flat or
surface. w.Yks.'
5. Comp. (i) Bucket-ears, the holes in which the handle
of a bucket is set ; (2) -leather, horse-hide ; (3) -shell,
the metal frame of a bucket ; (4) -sword, an iron rod con-
necting the bottom rod to the bucket; (51 -tree, the pipe
between the working barrel of a pump and the windbore.
(i ) n.Lin.' (2, 3) Nhb., Dur. Nicholson Coal Tr. Gl. (1888).
(4) ib. Greenwell Coal Tr. Gl. ( 18881. (5) Nhb.'
6. In phr. (i) The bucket is in llie mell, of a trader: he
has ventured as far as possible ; (2) to sup sorrow by the
bucketful, to have many sorrows.
w.Yks. (i) Driglwiise A'ncs (July 23, 1887). (2) Ah's live ta sec
thee sup sorrow bi t'bucketful ■ B.K.I.
7. V. To walk awkwardly, shamble.
w.Yks. He bucketed and swambled as he went up the aisle
(E.L.V
BUCKET, see Bucker.
BUCKETLE, sb. s.Chs.' Stf. A bucketful. Cf.
basketle.
Stf.' ' To suck sorrow by bucketles ' is to sutler severely from
one's misdoings.
BUCKFANG, sb. and v. Yks. Lan. Written -fan(n
Yks. Lan.' [buk-farj, -fan.]
1. sb. A throw in wrestling. Lan.'
2. V. To punisli by bumping against a wall, by bumping
in the posteriors with one's knee, or by 'ridingthc stang '
(q.v.). Lan.', e.Lan.'
3. To bully, to behave roughly towards.
Yks. He does buckfann t'wavcrs 1 WC.S. 1.
BUCK-HEAD, sb. and v. Yks. Lin. e.An.
1. sb. pi. The live stumps of a thorn hedge, after the
branching heads have been lopped. n.Yks."
2. V. To cut down quickset hedges to the height of two
or three feet ; to pollard a tree.
n.Yks.', n.Lin.' eXin, This tree's been buckheaded some lime
(G-CW.). e.An.' Also called Buck-stall ^q. v.). Nrf.', Suf- (,F,1I.)
Hence Buck-heading, vbl. sb. cutting down a hedge.
n.Cy. Gkose (1790) Sii/ifyt. e.Yks. Marshall Riir. Eron.
(1788 . Suf. Raindird Agric. (1819; 289, cd. 1849 ; Suf.' Suf.,
Ess. Morton Cycto. Agric. (1863).
BUCKHORN, sb. Cum. Dev. Cor.
1. Lycopodiujii clai'atuiii, club-moss. Also in comp.
Buckhorn-moss. Cum.' Cf buck, sb} 9 (3).
2. A salted and dried whiting.
Dev. Cooke Dev. 136. Cor. Quiller-Couch Hist. Polptrro
(1871) 113; Cor.' Once a considerable article of export from
Polperro and other fishing towns. Also called Buckthorn; Cor.*
[2. Merlan sale, a dried whiting, the fish which we call
(of its hardnesse) buckhorn (Cotgr.).]
BUCKHUMMER, sb. Yks. In phr. la go to Buck-
huiiinier, to vanish, depart, 'go to Jencho.' See Hummer.
w.Yks. All t'rest m.ay go t.T Buckhummer, Saiiiiterer's Salcliel
('877)3' j He'sgoan ta Buckummer,whear ther's nawther winter
ner summer, Prov. in Brighoiisc News (Sept. 14, 1889; ; w.Yks.*
BUCKIE, sb} Sc. irel. [buki.]
1. Any spiral shell; a periwinkle; hence a trifle of no
value.
Sc. Buckles and lampits, Scott Pirate (1821) xxix ; Triton, his
trumpet of a buckie, Adamson Muse's Tliren. (i63!5l 2 (Jam.).
S. & Ork.' Bnff. The periwinkle, or the edible 'buckie,' as it is
usually called, Smiles A'a/iir. (1879") xvii. Abd. In search of
bonny buckles on the beach, Alexander Johnny Gibb (1871) vii.
Frf. My head against a buckie that he cc>uld ! Barrie Totnmy
,18961 429. Fif. I wadna care a buckie for them, MacDonald
Alec Forbes (1876) 126. Lth. Upo' the rocks 'Mang mussels,
crabs, an' buckles. Smith Meiry Bridal (,1866) 35. Gall. Ye're
no' worth a buckie at fechtin I Crockett Siicl;it Min. (1893) 194.
N.I.'
2. Comp. (i) Biickie-man, a seller of periwinkles ; (2)
•prin, a periwinkle.
(i) Frf. The voice of the buckie-man shook the square, Barrie
LiJit (1889") 16. {z^ Lth. Also called water-stoups (Ja.m.).
3. A child's rattle made of rushes.
Abd. Rashen hoods and buckles made, Ross Ilcleiwre (1768) 12,
ed. 1812.
BUCKIE, sb?- Sc. Irel. The fruit of the wild rose.
Also used attrib. in comp. Buckie-berries, -briar. Cf.
buck, sb} 9 (2).
Dmf. An' gleg as ony buckie brier, QuiNN Heather Lintie (ed.
1863) 131. N.I.', Uls. (M.B.-S.)
BUCKIE, si.3, V. and adv. Sc. [bu'ki.]
1. sb. A smart blow. (Jam.) See Buck, sb.^
2. V. To strike or push roughly; to walk hurriedly.
Hence Buckiean, (a) vbl. sb. the act of striking, &c. ; (b)
ppl. adj. pushing, bouncing.
Bnff.' He buckiet 'im i' the back, an' nockit 'im our. He geed
buckiein" through the fouk.
3. adv. Violently.
Bnff.' He cam buckie against 'im.
BUCKIE, sA.* Sc. [buki.]
1. A refractory person; a mischievous boy; esp. in phr.
a dcifs buckie.
Sc. The deil's buckie of a callant, Scott St. Ronan (1824") ii ;
A thrawn buckie, a dj'tit buckle (Jam.). e.Sc. I'll grandfather ye,
ye de'il's buckie! Setoun Siinsliine (,1895) 214. Ayr. That daft
buckie, Geordie Wales, Burns (1790I iii, Globe ed.
2. Comp. Buckie-ruff, a wild, giddy boy; a romping girl.
Fif I Iam.)
BUCKING, vbl. sb. Obsol. or obs. Sc. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Lei. War. Won Shr. Hrf G!o. O.xf. Brks. Ken. Sus. Wil.
Also written bookin Wil.' ; bowking ne.Lan.' ; see
below.
1. A large wash of coarse linen ; the quantity of clothes
washed at once. See Buck, v.^
Slk. Help me to the water wi' a boucking o' claes, Hogg
Brou-nic (iStS^ II. 161. s.Chs.', War.3. seWor.', Shr.>, Hrf '»
Glo."2, Oxf MS. add. Brks.' I vound the house all of a caddie
wi' the buckin' on. Ken.', Sus.' Wil.' A good bookin' o"
clothes.
2. Comp. (i) Bucking-basket, a clothes-basket ; (2)
-board, a flat board used to wash or beat linen upon ; (3)
-chamber, the room in which clothes were steeped in lye,
previous to washing ; (4) -dub. a washing-pool ; (5) -kier,
a vessel used by bleachers; (6) -sheet, a sheet used for
3 ' 2
BUCKLE
[428]
BUCKY-HOW
straining lye ; (7) -stone, a stone upon which hnen is
beaten witli a ' batlet ' ; (8) -stool, a stool for beating
linen; (9) -tub, a washing-tub; (10) -wash, a large wash
of coarse linen ; (11) -washer, one who washes a ' buck-
ing' of clothes; {12) -washing, see -wash.
(i) Sc. Off with Janet [the laundress] in her own bucking
basket, Scott Nigel ( 1822) ii. (2) Yks. Yks. U'L-ly. Post (June 23,
1883I (3) Ken. Obs. (P.M.) ; Ken.' (4) ne.Lan.' (5) Lan.
Davies /?<J<:c5 (1855). (6) War.3 (7) Shr.'^ (8) Hrf. Dukcumb
//is/. //)/. (1804-12). (9) Lei.i (10) Lei.', Ken. OAs. (P.M.) (11)
War.^ ' My father is a bucken-washer, and my mother is a tinker,'
was said in a duologue recited at harvest-homes, Long Jlgo (May
1874) 130. se.Wor.' An old lady called a child named Ann,
' Nance, Pance, the buckin'-wesher.' (12) Sc. She and I will hae
a grand bouking-washing, Scott Midlolliiaii (i8i8j xvi ; Table-
claiths . . . that never saw the sun but at the bookin-washing,
Gleiibtiniie, 143 (Jam.).
3. A thorough wetting; a state of profuse perspiration.
s Chs.' It wuz ndo smau- weyt, iin it gy'en mi u biik-in [it was
noo smaw weight, an' it gen me a buckin']. se.Wor.' I'd got this
ere oawd top coowut on ; I sh'd a got a good buckin' else. Shr.*
I carried the batch an' the bran throm Habberley Mill, but it gid
me a buckin' ; Shr.2 To give a horse a good bucking. Oxf.
A'. <&■ 0- !,i874)5th S. ii. 138.
[2. (9). Essange, wet, as linnen before it be laycd in the
bucking-tub (Cotgr.).]
BUCKLE, sb.^ and v. Van dial, uses in Sc. Ircl. and
Eng.
1. sb. In phr. (i) to be buckle and thongs, empty, poor,
lean ; (2) to be tip in tlie buclile, to be elated ; to be tipsy.
(i) w.Som.' Poor old blid, her's a'most come to nothin— can't
call her nort but nere buukl-n-dhaungz. n.Dev. Es olweys thort
her to ha be bare buckle and thongs, Exin. Crtshp. (1746) 1. 546.
(2I Sc. Jean 'ill be up in the buckle the day, Swan Gates of Eden
(ed. 1895) i. Per. In very common use (G.W.).
2. Camp. Buckle-strap, a leathern strap worn by men.
w.Som.', nw.Dev.'
3. A bent twig or withy, used by thatchcrs to fasten
down the wooden rods or thatch.
Der.^, nw.Der.', s.Wor.', se.Wor.' Shr.' Buckles arc employed
for the top and eaves of a roof. Krf.^ Known as buckle stuff. Glo.'
4. A dint, bend, or twist in a plate of iron. Nhb.'
5. A dispute ; a struggle.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). Dev. Gkose (1790) MS. add. (C.)
6. Condition, ' form.'
Cum.' He's i' girt buckle to-day. Lan. I hope yor i' good
buckle, Donaldson Lantin' to Sing (1886). Chs.' ; Chs.^ In good
buckle. s.Chs,' Stf.^ Oi dunar fell i' much bukl far work this
mornin.
7. V. To fasten ; to wrap in ; to secure, mend.
Sc. Ye'U buckle ye in your wcet wee plaid, TaoM Rliymes
(1844) 135. S. & Ork.' Abd. Buckles on hersel', . . . The snaw-
white muslin gown. Still Cottar's Snndny ( 1845) 22. Rnf. Buckle
up . . . His broken pin, Neilson Poems (1877) 33.
Hence Bucklin, sb. a bandage ; wrappings to keep out
the cold.
Ayr. In common use (J.F.). Lnk. He rave the bucklins aff
his haun', Hamilton Poems (1865) 37.
8. To join in marriage ; to marry. A\%om^\\r. to buckle
to or li'itli.
Sc. May ... is the only month that nobody in the north country
ever thinks o' buckling in, Reg. Dalton (1823) HI. 163 (Jam.) ;
Ye see folk marry every day, and buckle them yourscll into the
bargain, Scott St. Ronan (1824) xvii. Abd. Fain wad I buckle
wi' him, SiiiRREFS Poems (1790) 282. Rnf. Robin at last has got
buckled, Barr Poems (1861) 106. Ayr. Jock and me was to be
buckled together, Galt Laints {1826) xxxix. Lth. Though askit
by mony, she buckled wi' nane, Ballantine Poems (1856) 47.
Ir. (P.J.'M. I, N.Cy.', Nhb.' Cum. Buckl'd fifty years ago, Blamire
Poet. ifks. (cd. 1842) 241. Brks.'
Hence (i) Buckle-beggar, sb., (2) Buckle-the-beggars,
sb. a priest who conducts irregular marriages, a Gretna
Green parson.
(ij Sc. A hedge parson or buckle beggar, Scott Nigel (1822)
xvii. Cum.' Lan. Go to the next buckle-beggar, RoBY Trad.
(1872) II. 355. (2 1 Sc. (Jam.)
9. To bend, twist, warp. Also /it;;.
S. & Ork.' Kcd. He buckles for the road. Grant Lays (1884)
T7. N.I.' That saw's all buckled. Cum.' War. (J.R.W.) ; Wa:.3
ne.Wor. The card on the mantelpiece has buckled (J.W.P.'I.
se.Wor.' n Wil. How thuc wall's buckled (E.H.G.). Som.
(W.F.R.); W. & J. Gl. 11873"). w.Som.' Due- ee tak kce-ur yiie
doa n buuk'l niee zuyv [do take care that you do not bend my
scythe^. The word would never be applied to anj- article without
some spring. Dev. He buckled under his load, a'. 7V;;ifs (Mar. 12,
1886) 6. n.Dev. Tha wut lustree . . . and bucklce, E.vm. Seold.
(1746) 1. 292.
Hence (i) Buckled, //i/. nf^'. twisted, bent ; (2) Buckle-
horn, sb. a crooked or bent horn; (3) Buckle-mouthed,
adj. having a twisted mouth.
l,i) Nhb.' A buckled plate. w.Yks. (J.T.), Der.2, nw.Der.l
(2) n.Cy. Grose (1790) Siipfil. ; N.Cy.', Nhb.' e.Yks. Marshall
Riir. Econ. {i-ji&). (3) N.Cy' Nhb. Buckle-mouth'd Jock, When
he twined his jaws for the backy-o, A''. Minstrel (1806-7) 79 '. Nhb.l
10. To quarrel ; to struggle, attack ; to meddle with ; to
apply oneself to work, &c.
Fif. (Jam.1 Lth. I dinna like to buckle Wi' hours our late,
Macneill Pof/. IVks. (1801) 170, ed. 1856. Gall. (AW.) Cum.'
Buckle till him. Bob. Wm. She'll buckle tawark, S/ifr. Z)/(7/.( 1880)
pt. ii. 30. w.Yks. Let us buckle to awr w-ark, Hartley Ditties,
ist S. 73. Glo. I bockled to the jub, Buckman Darke's Sojourn
(1890) xiii. Sora. W. & J. Gl. (1873). n.Dev. Zum buckle vor
a lang time wi' en [Death], RocK Jim an' Nell (1867) st. loi.
Cor.2 To ' buckle up to,' to show fight.
11. In phr. (i) To buckle in, (2) — to, to set to work,
to work vigorously ; to renew an engagement between
master and servant ; (3) — wider, to yield, acknowledge
superiority; (4) — tip, to warp, shrink; (5) — tip to, to
court.
(i) Wm. Thool hev ta bukkle in an help ma, 'Jack Rdbison' in
Kendal Neivs (Sept. 22, 1888). (2) Nhb.' Come, lads, let's buckle
to. Cu'n.' Buckle teah, my men, ye're varra welcome. e.Yks.'
w.Yks. WiUin' to buckle to, an' work for it, Hartley Budget
(1872) 73. Lan.' I sit down, sometimes, just to gether mi wits
together a bit ; an' then I have to buckle-to again, Waucii Chimn.
Corner (1874^ m.Lan.', Chs.', Stf.2, nw.D^r.', Not.' n.Lin.'
I can't dally nod longer ; we mun buckle to, lads. Nhp.' Of
master and servant after a disagreement : They have bucklcd-to
again. War.2, Wor. (J.W.P.), Brks.', Hut. (T.P.F.) Ess.
Buckle-to well arterwuds, CrARKy. A'oafos(i839) 12. Dev. Diiee
buckle-til wi' a giide listy will, Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892). Cor.2
(3) Brks.' (4) Cor.' My dress buckles-up in the dew. (5) Cor.*
[8. Is this an age to buckle with a bride? Dryden
Juvenal ( 1693) vi. 37. 9. Teach this body To bend, and
these my aged knees to buckle, Jonson Staple of Neivs
(1625), ed. Cunningham, II. 291. 10. In single combat
thou slialt buckle with me, Siiaks. i Hen. VI, 1. ii. 95.]
BUCKLE, sZ-.* Obs.1 Sc. A curl ; curliness.
Ayr. His hair has a natural buckle. Burns Tliere's a Youth.
[Not known to our correspondents.]
[A hair-curl or buckle, boitcle de cheveux, Boyer (1771) ;
That live-long wig . . . eternal buckle takes in Parian stone,
Pope Moral Essays (1732) iii. 296.]
BUCKLE-HEARTED, see Bruckle-hearted.
BUCKOW, see Bucket.
BUCKRAM, sb. Chs. Wor. [buki-am.] Pride, high
spirits, ' dash.'
s.Chs.' Tiunjz nu su much buk'riim Cibuw't im uz iz briidh'iir.
s.Wor. (H.K.)
BUCKS, V. Sh.I. To trample through a soft or dirty
substance; to walk carelesslj' through mire.
Sh.I. In common use. To go bucksin' through corn or mire
(K.I.). S. &Ork.'
BUCKSHEE-BUCK, sb. Cor. A guessing game.
Cor.' One [player] shuts his e3'es, and the others say in turn,
' Buckshcc ! Buckshec-buck ! How many fingers do I holdup?'
When the blindman guesses correctly, the one whose number is
guessed takes his place.
BUCKSOME, see Buxom.
BUCKSTALL, v. e.An. To cut down a quickset
hedge. See Buck-head. e.An.', Nrf.'
Hence Buck-stalling, vbl. sb. cutting down a hedge.
Nrf. Marshall Riir. Econ. (1787) ; Morton Cyclo. Agric. ^1863^;
Nrf.' [Grose (1790).]
BUCKY-HOW, sb. Cor.'^ A boy's game, resembling
'touch-timber' or 'tick.'
BUD
[429]
BUDGE
BUD, sb} Wor. Shr. Hrf. Suf. Dcv. Cor. [bBd.] In
coiiip. (i) -bird, (2) -finch, (3) -hawk, (4) -nope, (5) -oaf,
(6) -picker, the bullfinch, Fynhula eiiropaca, so called
from its habit of eating buds.
(I, Hrf. Comh. Mag. (1865) XII. 35: Hrf.> ; Hrf." Sometimes
Budding Bird. Dev. Swainson Birds Vi885) 66. (2) Dev. ib. 67 ;
}oHKS Brit. Birds {1^62). (3) s.Wor. (R.I..) (.)) Shr.' (5) Suf.
(GE.D.) (6) Dev. Swainson /JiVrfs (1885 "i 66. Cor. Grose (1790)
MS. add. (C.) ; Rodd Birds (1880') 314 ; Cor.»2
BUD, si.'' Der. Bdf. e.An. Ken. Sus. limp, [bud.b^d.]
A yearling calf
Der.' Bdf. The creature retains this name till it is one year
old (J.W.B.). e.An. Morton Cyclo. Agric. (18631 ; e.An.' Nrf.
(G.E'd.) e.Nrf. Marshall /?«r.£ro;i. (1787 . Nrf.' Suf. Grose
(I790-); e.An. Dy. Ttiiies{i8g3) : (F.H.) ; Suf.', Ess.' Ken.tK.l;
Ken.'2 Sus. Ray (,1691) ; Sus.'2,Hmp.' IW'oRUDGzSysl. Agric.
(1681).]
Hence Buddy, adj. foolish, stupid.
Sus.' Used in the same sense as the word calf is often used for
a stupid fellow.
[His cow came a moneth before Christmas . . . His bud
came at Michaelmas, Bolder MS. Acct. Bk. (1652) (Ken.').
So called, because the horns have not grown out but
arc in the bud.]
BUD, s6.3 Sh.I. [bud.] A booth or shed. Sh.I. (K.I.),
S. & Ork.'
[Norw. dial, bud, a booth (Aasen) ; cp. Da. and S\v. bod.]
BUD, V. s.Chs. With prep, in : to set energetically to
work.
s.Chs. Wi'n bin btid'in in tu)th wuurk [we'n bin buddin' in to
th' work] (T.D.).
BUD-AN-AGE, ;';;/. Irel. An exclamation or disguised
oath.
Ir. ' Why, then, bud-an'-age ! ' saj's he, Carleton Trails Peas.
(1843^ I. 347 ; One of those little colloquial oaths or imprecations
common among the peasantry (P.W.J. .
[More correctly Blood-an-age or Blood-an-ages (P.W.J.).
See Blood, sb. 3.]
BUDDACK, sb. S. & Ork.' A thick shoe.
BUDDAGH, 56. N.I.' The large lake trout, Sa/wo/^rox
[S.\TCHELL (1879).]
[Ir. bodach, a kind offish (O'Reilly).]
BUDDEN, see Bidden.
BUDDIE, sb. Sh.I. Also written budie S. & Ork.',
byeudie. A basket or creel.
Sh.I. Wi waand an biiddie ta da craigs, Aboot da nichts I go,
Burgess Rasiuie (1892) loi ; {Cull. L.I..B.) ; (K.I.) S. & Ork.'
BUDDING, I'W. 56. Not. A congestion of the stomach
in j'oung lambs, caused by nibbling hawthorn fences and
thereby swallowing small locks of wool.
Not.^ 'E's lost a goodish few lambs this turn wi' buddin'.
BUDDLE, s6.' Nhp. Hit. e.An. Also written boodle
Nhp.' llrt. e.An.' Nrf' Suf [bvi'dl.] The corn-marigold,
ClirYsaiilhcniiiin segctitin.
Nhp.' Hrt. Ellis Mod. liiisb. (1750") III. i. e.An.' Nrf.
M..\rshall Rur. Ecoii. (.1787) ; Cozens-Hardv Broad Nrf. (1893)
loi ; Nrf.', Suf.'
[Like vnto boddle no weede there is such, Tusser
Husb. (1580) 112. Bothule, cow-slope, PioiiipL]
BUDDLE, s6.2 Cor. [bBdl.] A bubble.
Cor. Thcr's no mor in a huddle than es in llicr brath, Daniel
Bride of Scio (1842) 230; Cor.' Blowing buddies, art 'ce, chceld !
Cor. 2
[Cp. bitddlc (to bubble) in obs. lit. E. : Sinnes do dayly
boyle upp and buddle from without us, Bell Haddoii's
Answer (1581) 268 (N.E.D.).]
BUDDLE, t;.' and sb.^ Nhb. Win. Yks. Der. Cdg. Som.
Cor. [bu-dl.]
1. II. Mining term: to wash ore.
w.Yks.' Der. Buddling the old hillocks in search of small
particles of ore, Marshall Rnnetv (1814 1 IV. 112 ; Der.'^, nw.Der.'
Cor.^ Tin stuff is huddled when it comes from the second lot of
covers after the * cleaner frames.'
Hence (i) Buddler, sb. a man employed in washing
the ore ; one who cuts into old workings in search of ore ;
(2) Buddling, vbl. sb. the washing of lead ore.
(_i) Wm.' n.Der. Mr. Elliott. . . recognized his visitor as the
chief buddler, Hall Halhersage (i8q6) iv. Cor. Pearce Esther
Petttreath \ 1891) I. i. (2) Nhb. ' Buddling' and ' hotcliing,' which
may be described as a kind of sifting with sieves suspended in
water, White Nhb. and Border 1 1859 1 46. Cor.^
2. sb. A kind of tub or pit in wiiich the ore is washed.
Cdg. The buddle where tlie sand and earth are washed from it
[tlic tin], Ray (1691). Cdg., Som. In the silver mines the melted
refuse of the lilhiirgo, when beaten small and sifted thro a fine
grate or strainer of iron, is put into a vessel made like to a shallow
tumbrel, standing on a little shelving called the Buddie, wherein
the matter is laid, and water running constantly over it is moved
to and fro w'" an iron rake or how, and so the water carries
away the earth and dross, the metal remaining behind \ K.V Cor.
Traade from the buddle pits, Hicham Dia. (i866) 14; Cor.'*;
Cor.2 A buddle in its simplest form is a round pit. A stream of
water laden with tin-stuff falls into it at the centre, and gradually
forms into a pile, the very lightest part being washed away with
the water. When the pit is full the flow of water is stopped, and
it is found that the tin-stuff has been graduated, the heavier or more
valuable part being at the centre, the light at the circumference,
of the pile.
3. A process of washing sand which is used in sawing
marble slabs. nw.Der.'
4. Conip. (i) Buddie-boy, a boy employed in washing
ore; (2) -dam, see -pond ; (3) -hole, a hole in a hedge to
carry off surface drainage ; (4) -pond, a place where tlie
small particles of ore are w'ashed from the dirt and spar.
!i) Cor. I do kna\v he for a buddle-boy, J. TivE.noodle Spec.
(1846)57; Cor.' (2) n.Der. Others were ... throwing the lighter
rubbish, as they skimmed it off. through a hole in the wall, that it
might be transferred to thebuddledam for further cleansing, Hall
Halhersage {i8g6) in. (3) w.Som.' (4 1 Der. Enteron his lands and
make poisonous buddle-ponds, Marshall Review (,1814) IV. 112.
[I. To buddle (among miners), to wash and cleanse
Lapis Calaminaris, Bailey (1721). (i) Briddliiig is used
in Stat. 14 & 15 Vict. c. 94, art. 5 ; in the new art. i of
April, 1859, it is ordered that the word buddling shall be
substituted for the word briddling in the above art. 5,
Skeat Class, to Manlove, 25. 2. Budles and soughs,
Manlove Lead Mines (1653) 260, ed. E.D.S. (1874) 19.J
BUDDLE, i'.2 vvil. Som. Dev. [bB-dl.j To suflbcate
in mud ; to choke.
Wil.' There ! if he haven't a bin an' amwoast huddled hiscl' in
thuck there ditch ! Som. Jennings Dial. w.Eng. 1^1869) ; W. & J.
Gl. ( i873\ w.Som.' I got in to one o' those yer gurt zogs ; and
if there had'n a-bin two or dree there vor to help, I'm darn'd if
should-n zoon a-bin a-buddled, 'oss and all. Dev. He only laughed
when informed that his daughter would soon be ' crewnting wi'
croop ' or 'buddling itsel" with its tiny dimpled fist, Madox-
Brown Divale Blitlh (1876') I. i ; Dev.' The stink a-puss woud
a been huddled had'n dame and I tugg'd hard to hall en out, pL ii.
13. n.Dev. Whan tha wurt just a huddled, E.xm. Scold. (1746)
1. 136; Grose (i-jgo) Snp/>1. nw.Dev.'
Hence Baddied, pp., fig. intoxicated.
Dev. u: Times (Mar. 12, 1886) 6 ; N. & Q. (1893". 8th S. iv. 533.
n Dev. Buddled in's drink was runtj' Jan, Rock fini an Nell
(1867 I 31. Dev.'
BUDDLE, i'.3 Yks. [bu'dl.] To tickle a child in the
neck.
w.Yks. Tin soft an' fleshy neck below thi chin Is a rej't temptin
plaace to huddle in, BiNNS Originals i.1889) 2 ; iJ.J.B.); (J.T.)
BUDDY, sb. Cor. A bunch, cluster, clump.
Cor. Thdmas Randigal Rhvnres (1895} Gl. ; Cor.^
BUDDY, sec Biddy, Butty.
BUDDY-BUD, sb. N.Cy.' Nhb.' Also in form -buss.
The flower of the burr or burdock, Arclittm lappa.
BUD(E, see Bood.
BUDGE, sb.'^ Sus. A cask on wheels to carry water
in. Cf bouge, sb.^
Sus. Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863'); Holloway ; Sus.'^
[Fr. bouge, ' petite cuve qui sert a porter le raisin au
pressoir' (Littre). Cp. Water Boitget, a vessel anciently
used by soldiers to fetch water to the camp, Clark Inlrod.
Heraldry (1873) 204.]
BUDGE, sA,2 Yks. [bu'dg.] A blacksmith's apron.
w.Yks. A ' leather budge,' such as a blacksmith uses, has been
worn bv th- youths of an earlier generation than mine, Binns
(■',11. to Town (^i882) 13; (B.K.)
BUDGE
[430]
BUFF
BUDGE, adj} Sus. Hmp. Wil. [bBd^j.] Grave,
solemn.
Sus.^ He looked very budge when I asked him who stole the
apples. Hmp. Holloway.
Plence Budgy, adj. sulky, out of temper. Wil.'
[The solemn fop, significant and budge, Cowper
Coiivcrsalion (1782) 299; Budge, surly, stiff, formal,
Johnson (1755).]
BUDGE, v} Nhb. Yks. Also written booge Nhb.'
[bud^.] To swell, to bulge ; see Bouge, v.
Nhb.^ ra.Yks.^ Look how it's budging up ! w.Yks.'
BUDGE, V?, sb.^ and adj.'' Sc. Irel. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
e.An. Ken. Dev. Also in form bugg Dev. [budg, bBdg.]
1. I'. To move, stir, give way ; to hurry ; Jig. to j'ield.
Abd. We cou'dna budge it, Forbes yr«. (1742) 15. N.I.^ He's
that ill he can't budge his feet or his legs. Wm. T'barns mun be
reddy fer budgan when we cum back, *Jack Robison' in Kendal
News (Sept. 22, 1888;. n.Yks.' Ah caan't budge't a hair-breed:
it's stiff as a stithy. It's gran'est drag at ivver Ah seen ; 't weeant
budge for now't. Price is fower pun', an' he weeant budge
a hau'pny. Lan. The aw budgunt off, leofink meh o hearty
curse, Paul Bobbin Sequel (1819) 41. s.Chs.' Ahy thau't wi
shud u oa-Tky'ech't Mis'iz Luwis, bijt do biij'iz uliing- su [I thought
we should ha' o'erketcht Mrs. Lewis, but hoo budges alung s6].
Dev.i I'm zure her hath no junketings or floistering doings, nor
nare bugg'th o'er the dreckstool to zee any gape's-nest from
week's-end to week's-end, i. 5.
2. sb. A movement.
Ir. Not a budge did he make. KEtittEUY Fireside Stories (1870) 107.
3. adj. Gaj', brisk, jocund.
e.An. Ray I i6gi . Ken. He's very budge. He looks budge (K.).
s.Cy. Ray ' 1691 i. [Grose ; 1790).]
[1. I will not budge for no man's pleasure, Shaks.
R. &^ J. in. i. 58. OFr. buiiger, to stir, budge (Cotgr.).]
BUDGE, v.^ Hrf. To mend a hedge. See Boodge.
Hrf. Pushing in fragments of the cuttings to fill up gaps here
and there when engaged in laying or pleaching a hedge is called
' budging' H.C.M. 1.
BUDGET, sb. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Stf. Not. Shr. Wil.
Dor. [budgit, bB'dgit]
1. A workman's bag, pack, or wallet, gcii. made of
leather; esp. a tinker's wallet and the leathern pouch in
which a mower carries his whetstone.
Ayr. And tak a share wi' those that bear The budget and the
apron, Burns Jolly Beggars (1785). Nhb. (R.O.H.) w.Yks.
The jolly mowers With budget and with bottle, Dixon Sngs. Eiig.
Peas. (1846) 171 ; (R.H.H.) Lan. Thi packt op thur budget,
Collins Poems (iSsg) 42. Stf. I've a dogskin hairy budget, Flk-
Lore Jrn. (1886) IV. 260. s. Not. There is an old saying, ' Yer
mun wait while yer get it, like the tinker an' 'is budget ' [which
was often in pawn for board and lodgings] (J.P.K.). Shr.',
Wil.', Dor.i
2. A milk- an shaped to fit the back to which it is
strapped. See Back-can.
w.Yks. Lucas Stud. Kiddcrdale (c. 1882'. v ; (M.A.)
[Fr. bougelle, 'sac de cuir que Ton portait en vo3'age'
(Hatzfeld).]
BUDGY, ai^. Nhp. Hmp. Thick, clumsy ; round like
a cask. See Budge, sb.^
Nhp. ' App. to work that is badly mended. Hmp.' A little budgy,
quatty thing.
BUDLAND, sb. Nrf The corn-marigold, Clirysanthe-
miim srgctum. See Buddie, sb}
BUDRAM, sb. Pern, [bu'drsm.] Gruel consisting of
oatmeal mixed with water and left until sour.
Peni. Also called Washporo. Before it is prepared, the mixture
is called Siccans ^W.H.Y.) ; (.E.D.) s.Pem. Laws Little Eiig.
(,1888, 419.
BU(E, see Boo.
BUER, sb. Obsol. Nhb. Yks. Lin. Also in form bewer
n.Lin.'; buard e.Yks.' ; buver n.Yks.'^ ne.Yks.' The
gnat, 0</r.v pipicns.
N.Cy.i2, Nhb.i Obs. Yks. (G.E.D.) n.Yks. Seieiiee Gossip
(18821 i6r ; n.Yks.i2, ne.Yks.' e.Yks. Marshall Pur. Peon.
(1788) ; e.Yks.i n.Lin.' Them bcwers hes bitten me that bad.
[Fr. biivciir, a drinker. Cp. Fr. dial. (Norm.) bibct, a gnat
(Moisv),fr. Lat. Mnr.]
BUESS, see Boose.
BUFE, see Boof.
BUFF, sb.'- Yks. Lei. In form bufty Lei.' [buf.]
1. Tlie game of blindman's buff
w.Yks. Blindy-buff is the more usual form ("B.K.) ; w.Yks. 2, Lei.*
2. The person bhndfolded. w.Yks. (B.K.), Lei.'
[2. Behold the buff {ecco la cieca), Fanshawe Pastor
Fidone^i-]) 78(N.E.D.).]
BUFF, S&.2 Nhb. Also Won Ken. [buf, bBf.]
1. A tuft or patch of coarse grass growing in a field ;
a clump of growing flowers.
Wor. (H.K.) Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.' That's a nice buff of cloves.
2. Comp. (i) Buff-faces, (2) -fronts, tufts of coarse grass,
Aira caespitosa. Also called Bull-faces (q.v.).
(i)Nhb.i (2) N.Cy.i. Nhb.i
BUFF, s6.3 and v."- Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Chs.
Lin. Lon. Slang, [buf.]
1. sb. The bare skin.
S.Don.. Lira. He stood there in his buff, Simmonds Gl. (iBgo^.
Nhb.i He wis stripped to the buff. Cum. And fain they'd hae
stripp'd into buff, Anderson Ballads (1808) 118. Wm. Nowt
wad deea but they mud feit, seea they peeled off inta buff iB.K.).
w.Yks.' They stripped into buff and began a worslin ; w.Yks.^
Chs.3 He fowt in his buffs. n.Lin.' Slang. Strip him to the buff,
Nairne Talcs 1790) 52, ed. 1824; (Farmer!.
2. A wheel covered with buff leather on which the horn
handles of knives were polished. w.Yks.*
3. V. To strip to the skin.
Lon. I didn't ■ buff it ' ; that is, I didn't take my shirt off, Mayiiew
Loud. Labour 1851) III. 247.
4. To polish a knife, after sharpening it, by stroking it
on a soft leather strap, or covered wheel.
Nhb.' w.Yks. Sum glazin, sum bufEn, sum groindin, Bywater
Sheffield Dial. (1839) 150.
[1. The slaves . . . had stripped the commissary to his
buff, Jarvis Don Qiii.xote (1742) bk. iii. viii. (Dav.) The
same word as bupf, a buffalo, Phillips (1706).]
BUFF, i'.==, sb." and adv. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Shr. Hrf GIo. Also in form
bouff Sc. ; buft w.Yks. Shr.'* [buf, bBf.]
1. V. To beat, to knock with any soft substance, to buffet,
box. See Baff, i;.'
n.Sc. He boufft the bairn till he grat, Bouff the stick into the
grun' (W.G.). Abd. By Fortune I ha'elang been buffd, .Shirrefs
Poems 1,1790) 21. Fif. They baff 't, buff't, cuff't, the tane the tither,
Tennant Papistry 1 1827) 154, Ayr. A chiel wha'll soundly buff
our beef. Burns Tuia Herds (1787) st. 13, Nhb.' Obs. w.Yks.
(iE.B.) ; (G.B.W.) Shr.' I took my 'at an' bufted 'im reet well
about the yed ; I wouldna thrash 'im.
Hence (i) Buffer, sb. {a) a boxer, bruiser; (b) an
excuse ; (2) Buffing, vbl. sb. a punishment, chastise-
ment.
(I, a) N.I.1 Ant. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) (A) Lan. He
didno' mak two buffers o' turnin into th' ' Crown an' Kettle,'
Brierley JVaverlow (1863) 164, ed. 1884. (2) w.Yks. (^.B.)
2. To thresh corn ; to give grain half threshing.
Sc. A field of growing corn, much shaken by the storm, is also
said to be buffed, Gl. Surv. Nairn (Jam.\ n.Sc. He's been
• bouffin at the flail sin four o'clock. He bouffl an' threesh a' day
(W.G.).
3. To rebound, to make no impression on.
Wm. If thoohits it wi' t'mell it nobbut buffs (B.K.l Lei.' When
an axe or hatchet strikes without cutting, it is said to 'buff,' and
such a piece of wood is said to ' buff' the axe. Nhp.', War.^
Shr.= It bufted up like a blether.
4. To muffle the clapper of a bell.
Nhp.' War.3 The bells have been bufted. se.Wor.', s.Wor.
(H.K.)
5. To embrace.
w.Yks.* I wor fit for booath cooartin' and buffin', Mather Siigs.
Sheffield 11862) 107.
6. To bother. Hrf*, Glo.'
7. To labour heavily.
Nhb. Where's like Tyneside cheps for workin orowt? Buffin
away, heart an' sowl, Allan Call. Tyneside Sngs. (1872) 537, ed,
1891 ; He was buffin' at a back As hard as whinstone, Wilson
Pitman's Pay (1843) 27 ; Nhb.'
BUFF
[431]
BUFFIE
8. In phr. (i) to buff off, to finish off with the flail; (2)
the best of h.iiii is bitft, said of one whose strength is
decreasing and who is getting old.
(I) Nhb. (R.O.H.-) (2) Sc. (.Jam.)
9. To lose by a bargain.
Bnff.' 'A scllt ma corn an' strae for audit guineas the ackre.'
'Weel, he'sbufft wee't; it's our dear.' Per. Not common I.G.W.).
10. sb. A blow, which gives out a dull sound ; a blow
given by a boy to provoke another to fight.
n.Sc. (W.G.) Ltli. With a rattling buff he gashed The furious
blind man's ear, McNeill Pirslon (c. iSgs) 45. Nhb.', Cum.'
11. The sound anything makes when it falls.
n.Sc. A gert's botluni cry bouffo' the (leer (W.G.).
12. Coinp. Buff-peal, a muftled peal of bells.
s.Wor.i, se.Wor.*-
13. adv. In phr. (i) to play buff, to make no impression ;
(2) to stand buff, to face boldly.
(i) Sc. The kid draps hadnae played buff upon the warlock's
body, Steve.vson CaUiona 1 1892 xv. (2) Sc. Stand buffagainst the
reproach of thine over-tender conscience, Scorr Nigel 1.1822) xii.
[1. There was a shock To have bufl'ed out the blood
From ought but a block, Jonson Z.ow's ll'elcoiue 1633), ed.
Cunningham, III. 217. 10. MLG. buff, ' verber, ictus'
(ScHlLLER-LiJBBEN).]
BUFF, V? and sb.^ Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lin. Lei. Nhp. Wor.
Shr. Hrf. Glo. e.An. Also in form baflf Glo.' ; buft w.VVor.>
Shr.i2 ; bufty Shr.' ; bufRe Hrf.^ [buf, buf.]
1. V. Of a dog : to bark gently.
n.Yks. T'dog buffs on (.I.W.). w.Yks.'
2. To burst out laughing, laugh aloud. Sc. (J.^M.)
3. To boast, talk big.
sw.Lin.' She did buff and bounce, Suf. Commonly used
(C.G.B.\
4. To stammer, stutter.
w.Wor.' Thaay've tuk a dill o' paay'ns wi' my Sam at the
school, an' amost cured 'im o' buftin'. s.Wor. iH.K) Shr.' 'Er
bufties a bit in 'er talk. Not commonly used. 'Ow that lad bufts
to-d.-iy ; Shr.2, Hrf.'^, Glo.'"
Hence (i) Buffer, sb., (2) Bufter, sb. a stammerer; (3)
BufRng, />/>/ adj. stammering.
(.1! Hrf.' t2iSlir.i2 i 3 Hrf.2 Bufling Billy.
5. sb. Nonsense ; idle talk.
Sc. A haver o' buff, Donald Poems (1^6^^ 146. Elg. Tho' the
half o't were lees, an* the ither half buff. Tester Poems 1 1B65.
137. Abd. It onlygies him pain To read sic buff. Sm rules Pof/cs
(1790) 338. Edb. That's .tII buff, MoiR Mtiiisie It'aiie/i ^1828) x.
e.Lth. A' I had to dae wasna as simple as A B buff, Hunter
J. Inuiick (1895I 123. Bwk. It was great buff to gie oursels any
concern about it. Henderson Pop. Rhymes (,1856) 116.
6. In phr. (i) Buff nor baff, not a word good or bad;
(2) — uor bum, (3) — nor stye, neither one thing nor
another, nothing at all.
(i) Lei.' (2) Nhp. 2 (3") Sc. I say neither buff nor stye to it,
Scott Redg. 11824'! xii. Dmb. He kent neither buff nor stye
whether he was the Pope or whahe was, Cross Disruption (1844)
x. Ayr. He would neither buff nor stye, Galt EiUtiil {182^1 li.
Lth. The letters are that ravelled that ye can neither make buff
nor stye o' them, Strathesk More Bits i ed. 1885^ 5. Nhb.' 'He
could neither say buff nor stye,' said of a simpleton, or of" one who
is surprised past speech.
[2. Esclaffer, to buff, or burst, out into a laughter,
CoTGR. (161 1). 4. s'Esbouffcr d parlcr, to buff or burst
out in speech, Cotgr. 6. He wyste not what to saye bufT
ne baff, Caxto.n Reynard (uSi) x.x.\ix.]
BUFF, v.* Sc. In phr. to bupf herrings, to steep salted
herrings in water and hang them up. (Jam.)
Hence Buffed-herrings, sb. sailed herrings steeped in
water, swollen out. (J.Tl.)
[Fr. bouffer, to puff, swell up (Cotgr.). See Buffets.]
BUFF, see Boof.
BUFFALO, sb. '5fks. Also written buffla. Tiie ox
horn used for the handles of pocket penknives.
w.Yks. Wi' buffla, buck, or booan, Senior Jerry Slit-Spring, 1. 6 ;
w.Yks.2
BUFFCOAT, sb. Dev. A large apple, plucked in
September and fit for eating about the end of December.
Dev.^ Well known, but going out of cultivation; Dev.*
BUFFER, sb. Sc. Stf. Not. Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Shr.
e.An. Sus. Slang.
1. A foolish person, dolt, fool, buffoon.
Abd. My maistcr, puir buffer! Occ Willie ll'aly( li-j'i^ 110. Fif.
The wee buflcr, no the height o' an ellwand citlier. Rouertson
Provost (1894) 180. Cld. iJa.m.), Lei.', Nhp.', Shr.*, War.2,
e.An.', Sus.2
Hence Buffer-headed, n^'. doltish, stupid, loutish. Lei.'
2. A familiar term of address; chap, tcllow ; also used
half endearingly and half contemptuously to old people.
In gen. use.
Stf.* Tel Ciat aud bufnr get ait o'5 roud ar eil bi run uor. Not.
(W.H.S.) War.*; War.^ Now you young buffer, what are you
doinghere? ne.Wor. (J.W.P.) Shr.* How bist, oud buffer? Slang.
He seemed to tliink I'd not been treated well, And called me poor
old buffer, Barham Ingohlshy (ed. 1864) Misadi*. at Margate.
3. The master of a household. Cf. gaffer. Shr.'
BUFFET, 56.' In gen. dial, use in Sc. and n. and midl.
counties. Also e.An. [bufit]
1. A low stool with three or four legs; a stool made
with a board at eacli end instead of legs.
Sc. Shegield Imlepeiid. ( 1874 . w.Yks. Whear's t'buffct 'at we
hing wer cloaz aht wi'? u'E.B.); (J.J.B.) ; w.Yks.'*^^, Stf.',
Der.'*, nw.Der.i, Nhp.'
2. Conip. Buffet-stool, a low wooden stool set on a frame
like a table, gen. with four legs ; a trestle.
Sc. Jean brought the buffet-stool in bj-e, Douglas Pof»K (18061
95^Jam.''. Nhb. Obs. Dixon WliiltittghainVale- 1895^ 130; Nhb.',
Dur.' e.Yks. Marshall /?»r. Econ. 1^1788 . Lin. Skinner 1 1671 .
sw.Lin.' Commonly used for resting a coffin on at the churcli-
yard gate, or in diurch. Shr.' Obs. e.An.'
3. A hassock, footstool. Cf. bass, s6.' 4.
Nhb.', Wm.' Yks. Leeds Merc. Suffl. (Dec. 27, 1890'). w.Yks.
He stumbles, when ... he is informed that it was merely a buffet,
Hamilton Nugae Lit. (1841) 313; (J.T.i; w.Yks.* Lan. Wi a
buffet for his shoon to rest on. Chapman Widder Bagshatu s Trip,
23. s.Lan. ^F.R.C), Stf.* n.Lin.' The difference between a bass
and a buffet seems to consist in the former being covered with
rush matting and the latter with carpet.
[1. Bofet, thre fotyd stole, . . . Buffett, stole, scabelluin,
tripos, Pronipl.]
BUFFET, sb.^ n.Cy. Dur. Yks. Stf. Nhp. Bck. e.An.
Dev. Cor. Also written beaufet N.Cy.' Nhp.' Cor.
[bufet] A cornel- cupboard, a recess for holding glass
and china, .jfc;/. with glass doors.
N.Cy.', Dur.', e.Dur.', w.Yks.* w.Yks., n.Stf. (J.T.) Nhp.' The
word as well as the thing itself is going out of fashion. Bck. This
china that decks the alcove Which here [at Olney] people call a
buffet, CowPER Gratitude (17861 in IFts., ed. Southey, IX. 351.
e.An.', Suf.' n.Dev. Refior/s Proline, (1887) 4. w.Cor. In use in
Scilly and Zennor iM.A.C); (J.W.)
[Beaufet, buffet or bufet, was anciently a little apartment
separated from the rest of a room, for the disposing
china and glass ware. Chambers Cyclop. (1788). Fr.
buffet, 'a court cupboard, or high-standing cupboard, also,
a cupboard of plate' (Cotgr.).]
BUFFET, sb.^ and v. Nhp. War. Bdf. Wil.
1. sb. A blow with anj'thing soft, as a cloth, (S;c. Nhp.'
2. V. To strike with anything soft.
War.^ To be buffeted with handkerchiefs was a penalty often
awarded in the game of forfeits.
Hence Buffeted about, phr. compelled by adverse
circumstances to remove from place to place. Nhp.',
\Var.3
3. To fling the arms across the chest, as workmen. &c.
do to warm themselves. Bdf. (J.W.B.), n.Wil. (G.E.D.)
BUFFETS, sb. pi. Sc. A swelling in the glands of
the throat, mumps. Cf. branks. Abd. (G.W.j,Ags. (Jam.),
Ayr. (J.F.)
[A der. of /«(/^(to swell) ; Yr. bouffer. See Buff, z^.*]
BUFFIE, adj. Sc. Also in form buffle (Jam.), [bufi.]
1. Fat, chubby.
Rnf. Their bulfic hanns they clap wi' glee. Young Pictures ,1865)
52. Lth. His chin upon his bufly hand, Ball.\ntine Poems
(1856 21.
2. Shaggy, dishevelled.
Fif. A bullic head Ja.m.).
BUFFING-KNIFE
[432;
BUGAN
BUFFING-KNIFE, sb. Shr.^ An instrument used by
shoemakers for scraping the bottom of soies, to make
them white.
BUFFLE, V. and sb. Yks. Won Hrf. G!o. e.An.
[bu-fl, bB-fl.J
1. V. To handle cUimsily.
e.An.', Nrf.' Nrf., Suf. Holloway.
2. To warm the hands in one's pockets or by beating
them together.
n.Ess. FoRDY Gl. : Still in use (H.H.M.X
3. With about : to fuss, be in confusion ; to bother.
n.Yks. Wiiile he was bufflin about, he wad tack neea noatish o'
t'neeam (I.W. ). w.Yks. Shoo buffled abalit an' hardly knew if shoo
stood on her heead er her heels l,B.K.). Hrf.* s,v. Buff.
4. To fall out, give way.
Cmb. The window butHed out (W.W.S.\
5. To stammer, have an impediment in the speech ; to
speak thickly, indistinctly. See Buff, v.^ 4.
s.Wor.' Hrf.= He was a' way buffling in his talk. Glo. Grose
(1790) MS. add. (H.') e.An.', Nrf.'
6. sb. A bother, difficulty.
e.An.' Nrf. That'll hull him in a bufile, Cozens-Hardy Broad
Nrf. (1893) 86.
BUFFLE, see Boffle, Buffle.
BUFFLE-GREENS, sb. pi. Nhp.i Brussels sprouts.
Called also Feather-legs and Muffle-greens (q.v.).
BUFFLE-HEAD, sb. Yks. Lin. Lei. Shr. e.An. Ken.
Sus. LW. Dev. Cor. A stupid fellow, ' blockhead,'
simpleton.
e.Yks.' n.Lin.' He's as big a bufHehead as than}' could fin' e'
all sheere. Dev. I don't want the buiilehead to be coming here,
Baring-Gould J. Herring (1888) 405. Cor. High prenciple in a
bufflehead's like a fish-bone i' the throat — useful, but out o'
place, ' Q.' Troy Toii'ii (1888) xiii ; Cor.'*
Hence Buffle-headed, adj. stupid, thick-headed.
(i) Lei.', Shr.2, e.An.' Ken. (P.M.); Ken.l Ya buffle-headed
ass, Masters Dick and Sat : c. 1821) st. 84. Su5. Holloway.
I.W.'2 Dev. A buffleheaded sort of chap, Baring-Gould J.
Herring (1888) 404. Cor. The buffleheaded fool, Tregellas Rtir.
Pop. (1863; 35, ed. 1868.
[Buffle-head, buffelskop, ploinperd, Sewel (1727). Cp.
Du. buffet, a blockhead, or an asse (Hexham).]
BUFFLER, sA. Obsol. Wil. A cheat.
Wil. N. &■ Q. (18811 6th S. iv. T06.
BUFFLIN, prp. Sc. [Not known to our correspon-
dents.] Rambling, roving, always engaged in some new
project or other, gcii. applied to boys.
Twd. (Jam.) Slk. Rinnin' bufflin' through the heather in their
philabegs, Hogg Tatcs (1838) 705, ed. i856.
BUFT, see Bought, Buflf.
BUFTY, see Buff.
BUG, si.i and v.'' Sc. (Jam.) n.Cy. Lei. Nhp. War.
Written bugge Sc. (Jam.) [bug.]
1. sb. A bogey, phantom ; bugbear.
Sc. Obs. (Jam.) n.Cy. Denliam Tracts 1 ed. 1895) l\. 78. [Grose
(i790iA/S.arfrf. (M.)]
2. In phr. to take bug, (a) to take fright, be alarmed ; (6)
to take offence.
(I, n) Lei.' I don't knowwhether your hor.se turned round of
his own accord or took bug. War. B'liam IVL'ly. Post (June 10,
1896) ; War.i A startled horse takes bug ; War.*^ (i) Lei.' A
wur as nnssty as nassty, but ah did'n mek caount as a wur woo'th
tekkin bugo\'cr,
3. V. To offend, take offence.
Lei.' A wur quoite bugged ovver it. NIip.' He was quite bugged.
[1. Bug,an imaginary monster to frighten children with,
Bailey (1721) ; Warwick was a bug that fcar'd us all,
SiiAKS. 3 Hen. VI, v. ii. 2 ; Thou shalt not nede to be
afrayed for eny bugges by night, Coverdale (1535) Ps.
xc. 5.]
BUG. s6.2 Irel. Chs. Stf. Shr. Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp.
Som. Dev. Amer. Also in form buggy s.Chs.' Shr.'
[bug, bBg.]
]. A general term for any insect, csp. those of the hard-
winged or beetle species.
Ken. Scicn e Gossip (June 1874) '4° ; Ken.'*, Sur.l Stir.. Sus.
Most hard-winged insects arc commonly called ' bugs,' Jennings
Field Pallis (1884) 38 ; Sus.' s.Hmp. Ye needn't be afraid o' him
nor any other ' tings,' Vekney L. Liste (1870J iv. Som. W. Si J.
Gt. ( 1873). w.Som.' So snug as a bug in a rug. [Amer. Applied
to all insects of the Coleoptera order. Farmer ; Bartlett.]
Hence (i) Bug-blinding, vbl. sb. insect killing with
whitewash ; (2) -hunting, vbl. sb. insect catching.
(i) Dev. ' Where are you going ? ' addressed by one workman
to another, carrying a pail of whitewash and a brush. ' Bug-
blinding,' Reports Provine. (1889). (2) s.Hmp. He was fond of
beast, and birds,.. . and insects, 'bug hunting' as it was irreverently
called, Verney L. Liste {iS-jo) v.
2. A louse, Pediculus Immamis.
s.Chs.^ Stf.* Eiz gotn sumat i iz jed bisoid bugz an leis. Shr.'
'I've bin dramin' about bugs i' my yed ; theer's sure to be sickniss
for some on us i' the 'ouse.' Bugs — as usually understood by
that appellation — would be distinguished from these pedicuti as
' Bed-bugs.'
3. A caterpillar infesting fruit-trees. N.L'
BUG, sb.^ War. A clot of mucus from the nose. Cf.
boggle.
War. Northall FttiPlir. (1894) 37 ; War.* Also called 'crow.'
BUG, I'.* Obs. Ken. To bend.
Ken. Lewis /. Tenet (17361 51 ; Grose (1790) ; Ken.'*
BUG, i'.3 Sc. Pre/, of /o 6/;^, build. />. buggen.
Sc. He bug the bought at the back o' the knowe, Scott
Minstrelsy (18021 III. 40, ed. 1848; Ye ken we joyfu' bug our
nest, Wilson Poems (1790) 189 (Jam.) ; My brither, ha'in buggen
the draucht. tuk the naig, Btackw. Mag. [Sept. 1818) 155 [ib.\;
Murray Diat. (1873) 203.
BUG, adj. Yks. and in gen. dial, use in e. and midl.
counties. Also in form bogg e.An.' Nrf ■; boog sw.Lin.'
1. Conceited, vain, ' stuck-up' ; forward, saucy.
e.Ylcs. As bug as a lad wiv a leather knife, Nicholson Ftk-Sp.
(1889) 17. Der. (H.R.) ; Ow [she] nedna be so bug. A'. & O.
(i860) 2nd S. ix. 315. Not. (L.C.M.) s.Not. He's noat of~a
workman, for all he's so bug an' conceited (J. P.K.). Not.'^ Li 1.
He looks very bug of it. Skinner (1671). n.Lin. He is as bug as
owt acos he has got th' fost prize (M.P.I ; n.Lin.' He's as bug
as th' Queen's coachman. sw.Lin.' They've raised a boy at last,
and the old man is fine and boog about it. s.Lin. She wor ax'd
i' chuch this mornin', and worn't she bug about it (T.H.R.l.
Fut,' Lei.' How bug y'are o' yer new cloo'es. War.^ As bug as
brass, s. & e.Cy. A ver3f bog fellow, Ray (1691). e.An.', Nrf.'
Hence Bug-words, sb. boasting words. Hrf*
2. Pleased, glad, elated.
w.Ylis.* He wur rare and bug. Der.*, nw.Der.' Not. He is fine
and bug wi' his new chair (L.C.M.). s.Not. When 'e seed the
money in 'is 'and, 'e wor fine an' bug (J.P.K.). Not.*
Hence Buggy ( boggy), arf)'. pleased, contented, satisfied ;
proud ; churlish.
Rut. Said of the occupants of a new house : ' They were quite
buggy about it,' A'. & O. (1876I 5th S. v. 445. e.An.*
3. Fine, gorgeous ; spruce.
n.Yks. (R.H.H.) e.Yks. iW.W.S.") ; In constant use. As bug
as a cheese (R.S.). Lei.' It's to bug for may.
BUGABO(0, sb. Sc. Irel. Chs. Lin. Nhp. War. Shr.
Hrf Glo. Hrt. Amer. Also in form buggy-bo s.Chs.'
1. A hobgoblin, ghost; an imaginary object of terror.
Also used attrib. Cf buccaboo.
Inv. (H.E.F.), Fif. (Jam,), Ir. (G.M.H.), s Clis.', n.Lin', Nhp.'
War. (J. R.W.I ; War. ^ Don't tell me your bugaboo stories. Shr.'
Bugabo's comin'. Tummy, if yo' binna still. Hrf.'*, Glo.', Hit.
(H.G.) [Amer. Diat. Notes (1896) I. 67.]
2. A troublesome, pestering person.
War.^ I can't abear to see him come near the house ; he's a
regular bugaboo.
BUGAN.si. I.Ma.Chs.Shr.IIrf.Glo. Written buggan(e
I. Ma. Glo.* ; buggin Chs.' s.Clis.' [bu'gan, bB-gan.]
1. An evil spirit, devil ; ghost, hobgoblin.
I. Ma. Ten to one you'd have a buggane riding on your breast
the night through, Caine Man.xnian ( 1894) pt. vi. i. Clis. (E.F.) ;
Clis.' s.Clis.' Ah daa*r nu goa* u milkin, Dhii bug in)z ildhii
biish, Pop. Sng, Slir.' If yo' dunna be qweet I'll let bugan tak' yo'.
2. In phr. to play the bngan, play the devil with, destroy.
Hrf.' Glo.* It will play the ver}' buggan with you.
[Wei. hivgan, a bogey, hobgoblin, ghost, bugbear, terri-
fying object (Silvan Evans) ; cp. IVlanx buggane, a bug-
bear (Kelly).]
BUGAUN
[433I
BUIST
BUGAUN, sb. Irel. A soft-laid egg, one without
a shell.
s.Ir. In gen. use (P. W.J.)- sXns., Wxf., Crl. (P.J.M.)
[Ir. bogiiit, a soft egg, an egg in embryo (O'Reilly).]
BUGAW, see Bubow.
BUGDALIN, sA. Sh.I. The ceiling of a boat or ship.
Sh.I. No longer in use except among very old people (_K.I.).
S. & Ork.i
BUGE, see Bulge.
BUGG, see Budge.
BUGGART, s6.i Stf = [bu-gst.] A louse. See Bug,
sb.' 2.
BUGGART, sb.^ Stf.= [bu-gat ] A pottery term:
a crude figure of a model made in one piece from the
mould.
BUGGER, 56. Obs.} Glo. A hobgoblin, puck, ghost.
See Bucca.
Glo. Grose (1790"! MS. add. (H.l
BUGGEY-BO, sb. s.Chs.' A louse. Cf buggin.
BUGGIE, sb. Sh.I. [bugi.]
1. A sheep-skin bag with the wool ofl. Sh.I. (Co//.
L.L.B.), S. & Ork.i
Hence Buggie flay, i'. to flay an animal in such a
manner as to keep the skin entire from the neck down-
wards. S. cS: Ork.'
2. A nickname for a person with a large paunch, ib.
BUGGIN, sb. Chs.^ [bu-gin.] A louse. Cf. bug-
gart, sb.^
BUGGINS, sb. pi. Irel. Large flesh blisters on the
foot.
Ant. I have walked till my feet are up in buggins, Ba//viiieiia
Obs. (1892).
[Ir. biiicain, a pimple (O'Reilly). Gael, biikein (Mac-
Leod & Dewar).]
BUGGINS' HOPPER, sb. Glo. The appearance ol
rayed clouds springing from a point in the sky ; a sign
of rain. (H.S.H.) [Not known to our other corre-
spondents.]
BUGGLE, sb} S. & Ork.' 1. A large bannock. 2.
Coiiip. Buggle-day, Mar. 29, when a 'buggie' was baked
for each member of the family.
BUGGLE, sb.'^ n.Sc. (Jam.) [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] A morass, bog.
BUGGLE-ARSED, pp/. adj. Som. See below.
w.Som.i You knows Page th'igler — little, fat, buugl aa'sud,
drunkin old fuller.
BUGGY, arfy. Yks. [bu-gi.] Very, exceedingly. See
Bug, adj.
e.Yks. VVhah.it was ower bad; An Ah felt bnpgy mad, Nicholson
Flk-Sfi. (1889 "I 46; Quite common. Ah was buggy tired l,R.S.J.
BUGGY, see Bug, sA.=
BUGGY-BANE, see Bunky-bean.
BUGGY-BO, see Bugabolo.
BUGGY-COMB, sb. s.Chs.^ A small-toothed comb.
BUGH, see Boof.
BUGHT, see Bought.
BUG-HUNTER, si. Lon. A robber of drunken men.
Lon. They loiter about the streets and public-houses to steal
from drunken persons, and are called 'bug-hunters' and' mutchers,'
Mayhew Loud. Labour {^iS^i) IV. 282.
BUGLE, 56. Obs. Hmp. I.W. Also written beugle,
bewgle Hmp.^ A young bull.
s.Hmp. Its very sign ' Tlie Bugle' had lost its meaning, and
had to be interpreted by the picture of an ox, Verney L. Lisle
(,18701 ix. Hmp.i, I.W.12
[AFr. bugle, a wild ox (Moisy) ; Lat. buculus, a young
bull.]
BUGLES, sb. Hmp. The bugloss, Ecliium vidgare.
Hmp. (W.M.E.F."! ; Nature Notes, No. 3.
BUGLES, sb. pi. Shr. [biu-glz.] Beads of any kind.
Shr. (M.L.); Shr.'
BUGTH, see Bougth.
BUIK, z;. Obs.} Sc. Pret. oi to beck. Cf. beck, i'.^
Abd. The lass paid hame her compliment, and buik, Ross
Heleiwre (1768, 71, ed. 1812.
BUIK, see Book.
vol. I.
BUIL, sb. and v. Sh. & Or.I.
1. sb. A sheep-fold, a byre; one of the divisions or stalls
in a stable.
Sh.I. And that none scare, hound, or break up their neighbours
punds and bulls, under pain of jCio Scots, .Agr. Surv. 2 (^Jam.).
Or.I. (S.A.S. , S. & Ork.'
2. V. To drive sheep into a fold ; to house cattle.
Hence Builling, vbl. sb. the act of enclosing sheep or
cattle. S. & Ork,'
[1. ON. io/, tlic place where sheep and cows are penned.]
BUILD, V. Var. dial, usages in Sc. and Eng. [blld.]
I. Gram, forms.
1. Pres. Tense : (i) Beeld, (2) Bield, (3) Beel, (4) BeUd,
(5) Belde.
iiiNhb.i fa") Nhb. ^3"] Nhb.' (4) w.Yks.l (5) Nhb.'
2. Pre/.: (i) Belt, (21 Builded.
(i) n.Yks.=, w.Yks. (a) Won, Cmb., Sur.
II. Dial. uses.
1. To pile, to stack.
Sc. My mother, to keep them [the peats] dry, aye builds them
under our beds, Whitehead Daft Davie (1876) 139, ed. 1894.
Hence (i) Builder, sb. a man who builds the rick ; (2)
Building, sb. a stack, or rick of wheat, beans, clover, lic.
I I Oxf.' MS. add. {2, Bdf. A building of wheat (J.W.B.).
2. With prep, on : to depend on.
n.Lin. You can't build o' what doctors saj's ; why th're paaid to talk
nist to a body (M.P.) ; n.Lin.' He built on keapin' th' farm whcare
his faather deed.
3. With prep, up : to inspire with hope. n.Lan.', n.Lin.'
BUILDED, pp. w.Som. Of an egg just before hatching:
cracked at the larger end. See Beal, sb.^
w.Som.' Dhur-z vaawur u-aa-ch-n dree moar u-bee'uldud [there
are four (already) hatched, and three more builded].
BUILY, sb. Or.I. A feast. Or.I. (S.A.S.), S. & Ork.'
BUIRD, sec Board.
BUIRDLY, ndj. Sc. Nhb. Cum. I.Ma. Also written
boordly Nhb.'; beardly n.Cy. ; bierly Abd.; beirly N.Cy.'
Stalwart, well-made, fine-looking.
Sc. Twelve buirdly sons and daughters, Scott Guy M. (1815)
xxxii ; A bang o' buirdly fishermen, Drummond Muckomachy
(1846) 46. Abd. His cousin was a bierly swank, Skinner Forms
(1809) 6. Frf. He was fair and buirdly, wi' a full face, Barrie
Tommy (1896) 107. Per. Saunders wes a buirdly man aince, Ian
Maclaren Brier Bush (1895') 269. Fif. Owr a' the millers o' this
shire His buirdly stature did aspire, Tenxant Papistry (1827") ^8.
Rnf. Although she's no a beauty She's buirdly and she's stout,
Barr Po«j;s : 1861) 38. Ayr. An' buirdly chiels. an' clever hizzics,
Are bred in sic a way as this is. Burns Twa Dogs ^17861 1. 85.
Lnk. A younker nae niair, but a blythe buirdly carle, Hamilton
Poems {1665) 293. e.Lth. A muckle buirdly chiel he had been in
his day. Hunter /. Jiiwiek 1 1895) 19a. Slk. Oh ! but you were
a buirdly auld carle, Chr. North Nodes (ed. 1856) IV. 181. n.Cy.
Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.) Nhb. A Ihoosan' bucklors . . .a'belangln"
tiv boordly, clivor men, RodsonSh,^. Sol. \ i860; iv. 4 ; Sic dreams
o' buirdly sheep and cattle. And heaps o' neeps. Strang Earth
/"iW;rf(i8g2)pt.i.st. 4; Nhb.' He's a boordly leukinchep. Cum. Two
miners, buirdly fellows, Caine //fl^nr ( 1887 III. 118. I.Ma. The
sleek little tailor and . . . the buirdly maltster, Caine Deemsler
(^18871 26. ed. 1889.
BUIS(E, see Boose.
BUIST, s*.' Sc. Also written bust S. & Ork.' ; and
in form buit (Jam.).
1. A box or chest. Cf. boist, 56.', boit, sb.^
Sc. The meal-buist. The tar-buist in which the tar is kept for
marking sheep (Jam \ Or.I. (S.A.S.1, S. & Ork.' Lnk. Twa
buitsofbarkitblasnit leather, Ramsay Tea-Tahle Misc. 11724 I. 175.
2. Obsol. A coffin. Hence Buistmaker, sb. a cofiin-
makcr. Lth. (Jam.)
3. The match for a firelock.
Sc. There were no lighted buits among the musketrj-, Baillie
Lett. (1775') H. 275 (Jam.\
4. Fi^. A thick or gross object.
Per. A dirty buisht (G.W."). Lnk. He's a buist of a fallow [a gross
man]. A buist of a horse [a strong-bodied horse] (Jam.).
[Alexander incloset the rcliques of S. Margaret in a
capsell or siluir buist, Dalrymple Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1596)
I. 340; A buyste (v.r. bust),/>u/s, Calh. Angl. (1483)-]
BUIST
[434]
BULK
BUIST, sb.' and v. Sc. Nhb. Nhp. Also written
buest, baste N.Cy.i Nhb.^; bust N-Cy.^ Nhb.' Nhp.';
byest, beyst Nhb.' ; boost Sc.
1. sd. An instrument for marking sheep ; a branding-
iron.
Inv. Usually a piece of wood on one end of which is carved
adistinctive mark, which isimpressedonthesheepwithtar (H E.F.).
Nhb.i
2. A mark of ownership made with tar upon sheep or
cattle.
Sc. He has not the buist of these black cattle, Scott Monastery
(1820) xxxiv; Or catch them in a net or girn Till I find out the
boost or birn, Ruickie Cottager (1807) lis. N.Cy.', Nhb.', Nhp.i
3. V. To mark cattle or sheep with tar.
Sc. Morton Cyclo. Agric. { 1863). Slk. The farmers hae been
buisting their sheep, Hogg Poems (ed. 1865) ig. N.Cy.' Nhb.'
After chpping, each sheep is byeasted. Nljp.'
Hence Buisting-iron, sb. the instrument used in mark-
ing sheep.
Slk. Adamson . . . with the buisting-iron struck a dog, Hogg
Tales (1838) 301, ed. 1866.
[The same as Buist (above).]
BUIST, see Boost.
BUIT, see Buist, sb}
BUITIE, see Bootie.
BUITTLE, V. Rxb. (Jam.) To walk ungracefully,
taking short, bouncing steps.
BUK, see Bouk.
BUKE, v} Chs. To litter ; to use for bedding.
Chs.' ; Chs.^ It will only do lor buking the yard.
BUKE, vP- Sc. Also written bewk. Prel. and pp. of
to bake.
nw.Abd. I buke the kyaaks aye wi' fye, Gootiwi/e (1867') st. 40.
Lnk. Maggie by this has bewk the supper scones, Ramsay Poems
(17271 92, ed. 1733.
[The cornes in quernis of stane Thai grand, and syne
bulk at the fire, Douglas Eiieados (1513), ed. 1874, 11. 32.
OE. boc, pret. oi bacan, to bake.]
BULBACK, sb. S. & Ork.' In phr. to take biilback, to
take the upper hand.
BULCH, sb. Bnft'. A stout person or animal. Cf
bolsh, bulchin.
Bnff. Sic abonnie bulcho'a bairn is that it ye're cairrin' (W.G.\
BULCH, V. Cor. [bBltJ.] To butt, push with the
head. Cf bulk, v.'^
Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808") H. 544. w.Cor. Thomas Randigal
Rhymes 1,1895) Gl. ; Cor.^ His little maid come out and bulched
agen the other chap.
BULCHIN, sb. Shr.
1. Obs. A calf. See Bullkin.
[WORLIDGE Z);W. Rust. (1681).]
2. A stout child. Cf bulch. Shr.^
BULDER, sb. and v. Sc. Nhb. e.An. Also in form
buUer Sc. N.Cy.' Nhb.' e.An.'; see below.
1. sb. Aloud gurgling noise ; a bellowing. Cf bolder, sfi.'^
Abd. (Jam.) Slk. Buller, buller down my throat, Hogg Queer
Book (1832) 99. N.Cy.i, e.An.'
2. V. To make a gurgling or rattling noise ; to gush out;
to bellow, roar.
S. & Ork.' Ags. [It] would duck under water, snorting and
bullering, Spalding Hist. Troubles (1792) I. 46 (Jam.). Frf. You
that aye 'mang water buller, Beattie Arnha' (c. 1820) 29, ed.
1882. Gall. It boils and bullers deep an' dark. Harper Bards
(1889) 37. N.Cy.' Nhb.' When the spirit moved me at last, the
words cam bullerin oot. e.An.'
Hence Bullering, (i) vbl. sb. gurgling, roaring; (2)
ppl. adj. bellowing, gurgling.
Sc. I i) We could hear a bullering of the sea, Stevenson
Caln'oita : 1892) xxix. (2) That great bullering whale, the public,
ib. Vdiliiiia Lett. 1 1895) 95.
[Norvv. dial, bidder, buller, a bubbling circle or whirlpool
(Aasf.ni ; Da. biilder, the gurgling noise of water; cp. Sw.
buller. IloisiC (WiDEGREN).]
BULDERING, nrt>'. Som. Dev.Cor. Written boldering
Cor.'^l bouldering Dev. Also in form boldery Dev. ;
buldery w.Som.' nw.Dev.' Of weather or sky : threaten-
ing, thundery ; sultry.
w.Som.' We shall have rain avore long, looks so buul duree.
Dev. Great bouldering clouds. Reports Provinc. (1889) ; Dev.^
Cruel hot, buldering, quilstering weather, 8. n.Dev. Let tha melk
be buckard in buldering weather, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 205.
nw.Dev.' Cor.'^ 'Tis boldering hot.
BULE, see Bool.
BULF, sb. Sc. [bulf.] A fat person; used esp. of
children. Bnft'.'
Hence (i) Bulfart, sb. n big, clumsy person ; (2) Bulfie,
adj. stupid ; (3 ) Bnlfin, sb. a very stout person.
U)Bnfr.i (2) Abd. (Jam.) ^3) Bnfif.'
BULFER, BULFIS, see Bull fiest.
BULGAD, see Beergood.
BULGE, V. and sb. Ire!. Yks. Stf. Shr. Also Som.
Also in forms bodge Stf = ; buge e.Yks.' [bulg, bBlg.]
1. V. To indent ; to batter out of shape.
w.Yks. (J.T.) Shr.' Somebody's gid that new milk-tin a fine
knock an' bulged the side in. Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eiig.
(1825). w.Som.' Dhee-s u-buuljeen mee aaf [thou hast battered
in my hat].
2. To distend ; to become distended.
e.Yks.' Stf.2 Dunna the! bodge thi pockets ait wi apples a
thatns. Lauk ai iz pokits boj ait.
3. sb. An indentation ; an impression caused by a blow.
Yks. Tryin to tak th' bulge aght ov his chest. Hartley Sts.
Paris, 58. Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825). w.Som.'
How come this here gurt bulge in the spranker?
4. A fat, gluttonous person. Ant. (W.H.P.)
BULGRANACK, sA. Cor.'" [bulgrsnak.] The 'bull-
toad.'
[Biil+granack; OCor. cranag, a frog, also a-oiiec, cp.
croiiwc. a toad (Williams). Bid is the same as bidl, sb.';
cp. lit. E. and Amer. bull-frog.]
BULGRANADE, 56. Cor.'" The stickleback.
BULHORN, sb. Cor. A snail.
Cor. If tinners in going to ' bal ' met a bulhorn they always
took care to drop before it a 'crum' from their dinner, or bit of
grease from their candle, for good luck, Bottrell Trad. (1873)
194; Cor.' 2
BULING, vbl. sb. Lan. Linking arm in arm. Cf.
bool, sZ).' Lan. (I.L.); Lan.'
BULK, sb.'- Nhb. Der. Lin. Won Cor. Also in form
bilk Wor.
1. Obs. A beam ; the open stall of a shop. Cf balk,
sb.' XL 1.
Nhb.' The shop windows retained, within living memory, what
were known as open bulks, Old Newc. 11887 4. Der.'
Hence (i) Bulker, sb. an open shop-front, a counter;
a wooden hutch in a workshop or a ship ; (2) Bulk-headed,
adj. stupid ; said of one who is always ' running his head
against a wall.',
(i) Lin. Skinner (1671"); Ray (1691); Sides o' be«f from
ceiling swung, above the bulker, Brown /"ocms (1890) 72. n.Lin.'
(,21 Cor. 12
2. Obs. An old-fashioned fireside settle or seat.
Wor. A fairv lamenting over his broken bilk, which was a kind
of cross-barred scat. Allies Aiitiq. (1852) 419: (H. K.)
BULK, sA." Chs.' s.Chs.' [bulk.] The internal part
of the vagina of a cow.
BULK, sh.^ and v.' Cor.'" 1. sb. A pile of salted
pilchards. 2. v. To cure pilchards with salt. Cf balk, v.
II. 2.
BULK, v.^ Cor. To toss or butt with the horns. Cf
boke, V.', bulch, J'.
Cor. The poor little heifer bulked un in the side, Tregellas
Tales I 1868) 1.39; Cor.i2
BULK, v.^ e.An. Som. Dev. Cor. To belch, eructate.
Cf boke, 7'."
Sur. (F.H.) Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). Dev. Dawnt yu bulkee
in my veace again, Heweit Pens 5/1. ,1892). w.Cor. (M.A.C.),Cor."
[Bulk not as a becne were yn ))i throte, Harl. MS.
(c. 1480) 47, in Meals S^ Maimers, ed. Furnivall, 267.]
BULK, I'.* Yks. e.An. Also written booak n. Yks.";
boolk, bullock Suf [bulk, bok, boak.] To throb,
palpitate.
n.Yks.2 It booaks an loups. e.An.' Suf. A gathering is said to
' bulk or bullock vvonnerful,' e.Ai:. Dy. Times (189a) ; (F.H.) ; Suf.'
BULKER
[435]
BULL
Hence Bulking, (i) vhl. sb. a throbbing in the flesh;
(2) />/>/. adj. throbbing, palpitating.
(I) e.An.i, Nrf.» {2) n.Yks.», Suf. iJM.)
BULKER, sb. Sc. The puffin, Fratercula arctica. See
Bouger.
Heb. SwAiNSON Biros (1885") aao.
BULKY, sb. Sc. Irel. Slang. A policeman ; also
used atin'b.
Kcd. The bulky lads were aye about, Jamie Muse (1844") 113.
N.I.' Slang. Keep out of the vay of the bulkies, Lytton Paul
0;#»rf 11848)257-
BULL, sA.' Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
1. In phr. (i) //le black bull of Noroivav, an imaginary
monster; (2) l/ie black bull's trodden on hint, he is in a bad
temper; (3) as Jell as a bull, angry, salvage; (4) to get the
bull doii.'n, in Sheffield : to finish extra work before
Christmas ; (5) the bulls head, a signal of condemnation
and execution ; obs. ; (6) to play with the bull, to run need-
less risks, to be foolhardy.
(i) Ags. A child is kept quiet by telling it the Black Bull of
Noroway shall take it, Blackw. Mag. (Feb. 1817) 117 (Jam.).
(2, 3) n.Lin.i (4) w.Yks. Has tha gettcn t'buli dahn, Jack ? Senior
Sniil/iy litiynies {i88z] 59; w.Yks.^ s.v. Bull-week ,q.v,). 1,5) Sc.
If the bull's ill-omen'd head Appear to grace the feast, Scott
Minstrelsy (iSoa) II. 399 (Jah.1. (6) n.Lin.' You'll plaay wi' th'
bull while you get a horn in yer ee.
2. Comb, (ij Bull-badgering, bull-baiting ; (2) -baiting,
a disturbance among neighbours ; (3) -box, a small barn
in which a bull is kept; (4) -chain, a chain attached to a
car in a coal-mine ; cf jackcatch ; a chain in a cow-stall ;
(5I -coppie, the yard or croft in which a bull is kept ; (6)
-dance, a merrymaking at cattle-show feasts ; (7) -faces,
tufts of coarse grass ; a laid mass of growing wheat ; (8)
-grips, iron clasps for leading a bull by the nose ; (9)
-hassocks, raised tufts of grass; (10) -hided, unable to
sweat; (11) -hole, a deep hole in a 'beck'; (12) -junipings,
the first milk given after calving, ' beestings,' q.v. ;
a custard made of 'beestings'; (13) -'s liver, a hard
peaty substance found below the surface of marshy soil ;
see below; (14) -lugged, strong, thick; esp. of leather ;
(15) -men, rearers of bulls ; (16) -'s noon, midnight ; (17)
•nosed, flattened ; (18) -pated, of grass : beaten down by
wind or rain; (19) -ring, see below; (20) -scurr5ring,
rough horseplay ; (21 ) -scutter, liquid e.xcrenientunt of a
bull after gorging with new grass ; Jig. anything worthless
and nasty ; (22) -seg, a bull castrated when full grown ;
(23) -sowerlugs, a sullen fellow ; (24) -squitter, a fuss
about a trifle; (25) -stag, (26) -stub, see -seg; (27)
-week, the week before Christmas, in Sheffield ; see
below; (28) -wheel, to case a wet hole with clay for shot
firing; (29) -woUoper, a cattle-dealer; (30) -young-uns,
the rubbish in a deserted bird's-nest.
(i) n.Yks.2 (2) Der.2, nw.Der.i (3) Oxf.' MS. add. (4)
w.Yks. (J.H.B.), Shr.2 (51 Cam. (J.Ar.l (6) n.Yks.'^ (.j)
Nhb.* Called also bull-fronts, buff-fronts, bull-snouts, and winnel-
strae. Cum.', n.Yks.^, ne.Yks.', Chs.' s.Chs.' Dhiir)z 0 meni
biil'-fai-siz i dhaaf weeiit. (8) Cum. Ye'll want the bull grips to
keep him quiet, Caine Shad. Crime (1885) 33 ; Cum.', Chs.'
(9I n.Lin.' (10) w.Yks.2 (11) n.Lin.' 1,12)' Cum.', Wm. iBK.1,
n.Yks. (W.H.) w.Yks. 'Willan List Wds. (1811). n.Lan.',
ne.Lan.1 (13) s.Chs.' Stf.* 'Bull's liver and sawdust' is a
meaningless term used in answering an awkward or impertinent
question. (,14) e.Yks.' (15) Lin. Fashionable breeders and bull-
men, Marshall Review (181 1) III. 177. (i6' Lan. Stood gawpin
at um till bull-noon, ScHOLES Tim Gaiiiivatlle {l8^^) $8. e.An.',
Nrf.', Cmb.' Ess. No bull's-noon hours I'll ha ya keep, Clark
J. Noakes (1839) 17 ; Gl. (1851) ; Ess.' (17 Der. The nuts most
prized for the game of ' cob-nut ' were 'bull-nosed cobberers' or
'cob-nuts,' or 'bulleys,'A'. & Q. (1890) 7th S. ix. 138-9. (i8)Nhp.'
(19) Cum. He "wad shek the bull-ring, and brag the heale town,
Anderson Ballads (1805) 59; Cum.' To 'shak t'bull-ring ' was to
challenge the village, &c. , to produce a champion to fight the
' shakker.' (20) Lan. There's olez a lot o' slotchin'an' bullscurryin'
aftheroneo' thoose doments, Clegg Davids Loom (1894) .w. (21)
Lan. O' beggar-berm an' bull-scutter, Waugh Chittin, Comer (cd.
1879) 56 ; Lan.', e.Lan.' (22) Sc. Roaring like bull segs, Scorr
Moiiastery{i820)iv. n.Cy. Grose (1790) ; N.Cy.', Nhb.', n.Yks.",
ne.Yks.' e.Yks. Makinge a bull segge of a bull that is two or three
years old. Best Fanning Bk. (16421 141-2. m.Yks.' w.Yks.
HuTTON Tour to Cavrs 1781'. n.Lin.', Der.^, War. (J.R.W.)
(23) n.Yks.2 (24!se.Wor.' (25 War.3, Glo.' = Hrt. Ellis jl/orf.
//hsA. (1750) V. i. Wil.' Almost 06s. Dor.', w.Som.' i26iSlir.'
127) w.Yks. What sooat an a bull week had ta ? Bywater
Sheffield Dial. (1839 22; When the work is over the men say
they have 'gotten t'buli by t'tail,' Sheff. Leader i Mar. 1874.;
w.Yks. 2 The cutler works harder than usual during this week.
At the end of the last century a master told his workmen that if
they got their work done before Christmas they should have
a bull cut up amongst them; w.Yks." 1,28) w.Yks. iS.K.C.)
(29^ Dev. Reports Provinc. (1895). (30 < s.Chs.' EyCirJz Q ncyst fill
u biil-yiingg'unz.
3. Comb, in plant-names: (i) Bullsand-cows, Arum
maculatum, cuckoo-pint; (2) -s-ancl-wheys, (n) A.inacula-
tum; (b) Aconitum napellus, monk's-hood; (31 -s-bags,
any tuberous orchid ; (4) -bine. Clematis vitalba, wild
clematis; (51 -s' brows, patches of rough tangled grass,
esp. Aira caespitosa ; (6) — buttercup, Caltha palustris,
marsh marigold; (7) — daisy. Chrysanthemum leucaiithe-
mum, ox-eye daisy; (8) ~ flower, see — buttercup ; (9)
-'s foot, Tiissilago farfara, colt's-foot ; (10) -'s forehead,
in) -front, see -s' brows; {12) -grass, Bromus mollis;
(13) -haws, the double-stoned fruit of hawthorn; (14)
■jumpling, Trollius europaeus, globe flower; (15) -pates,
(16) -peats, (17) -poll, see -s' brows; (181 -rattle, (a)
Lychnis vespertina, white campion ; (b) Silene inflata,
bladder campion; (19) -sag, (ci) see -bags; \h) Typlia
latifolia, bulrush ; (20) -slop. Primula variabilis, large
hybrid oxlip ; (21) -thistle, Carduiis laiiceolatus; see
Boar-thistle ; (22) -toppin, see -s' brows ; (23) -tree,
Sambucus nigra, elder ; see Bour-tree ; (24) -tussock,
see -s' brows.
(11 N.Cy' Nhb.' Also called Lam lakens. e.Yks.', w.Vks.',
ne.Lan.', n.Lin.' Nhp.' Also called Bobbin and Joan, War.'
(2, (!) Wra., n.Yks. ^6) n.Wm. Also called Priest's Pillys (,B.K.).
(3) Ags. People attribute a talismanic and aphrodisiacal virtue to
the root (Jam.\ (4) Hrt., Hmp. (5) Som. (,W.F.R.) {6] Ess.
(7) Cum., n.Yks., Chs.', e.An. ^8) Dev.-* ^9) s.Bck. (lO' n.Cy.
Grose (1790) Supf>l. e.Yks. Marshall Rnr. Eeon. (1788).
Som. (W.F.R.) iir Cun.', w.Yks.' (12) Rxb. Science Gossip
(1876) 39. Nlib.' Called also Goose grass. 113 N.Cy.', Nhb.',
n.Yks.2 (14- n.Yks. (i5)Shr.i, Hrf. (W.'W.S.), GIo. (A.B.)
(16) Nhb.', s.Wor.', Glo.' (17)010.' 'Wil. Bull polls, on which
snakes often coil in the sunshine, Jefferies Gt. Estate (1880) ii :
Wil.' (18, niBck. (AiBck..I.W. (19) Sc. (Jam.) 120) Chs.' (21)
n.Ir. Dor. (G.E.D.) w.Som.' Beolduyshl—daashl. (22; Cum.',
Der.2, nw.Der.' (23) Cum. (24) Der.^, nw.Der.'
4. Comb, in names of animals, lic. : (i) Bull-bird, y4ri^w-
Utis hiaticula, ringed plover ; (2) -of-the-bog, Botaurus
stellaris, bittern ; (3) -fit, Cypselus apits, swift ; (4) -frtnch,
a bullfinch; {5) -frog, an imaginary monster ; (61 -huss,
Scyllium calulus, large spotted dog-fish ; (7) -joan, (a)
a small fish with a large head, prob. Cottus gobio ; (A)
a tadpole; (8) -jub, (91 -knob, Co//;(A-^oi/o; see Bull-head;
( 10) — mackerel, Scomber scombrus ; ( 1 1 ) -olph, see -french;
(12) -rout, Gobius minutus, goby; (13) -spink, (a) Fringdla
cof/fAs, chaffinch ; (A) bullfinch; (14) -stang, a dragon-fly;
a gadfly; (15) -stanger, a horse-fly; (16) -tang, a dragon-
^y; (17) -thrush. Tardus viscivorus, missel thrush; see
Bothresh ; (18) -ting, see -tang; (19) -trout, a large
variety of salmon trout.
(i) I.W.2 (2) Sc. The deep cry of the bog-blitter. or bull-of-the-
bog, Scott Guy M. (18151 i. Rxb. Swainson Birds (.1885) 146.
3 Dmf. (Jam.) (4) Lnk. fi'A.) (5) n.Dev. Believed to live under
the found.ation stones of old houses, &c.. A'. & Q. (1850) ist S. ii.
512. (e-iKen.' Sus. A'. <5-'£). {1879 sthS.xii. 193 (7.(?)w.Yks.
Leeds Merc. Siippi (Jan. 9. 1892). e.Lan.' (b : Lan. Th' raisin-
puddin' 'at owd Mall made, wi' bull-jones in it, Waugh Besom Ben
1186511 ; Lan.', e.Lan.' (8) [S.^tchell (18791.] ^9) Shr.2 (^,0)
[Satchell (,1879;.] (11) Nrf. 5o>H« Gossi/ (1882"! 283: (G.E.D.)
(12) Ken.' (13, n) n.Cy. Grose (1790) 5k/>/>/. n.Yks."^, ne.Yks.'
e.Yks. Marshall Rur. Econ. {l^8&); e.Yks.', m.Yks.', w.Yks.2,
ne.Lan.' (i) w.Yks.23, e Lan.' (14) N.Cy.' Cum. Grose (1790) ;
Gl. (1851); Cum.' Wm. That mare will run away if she hear
a bull-stang buzzing about (B. K.); Wni.' n.Yks.' Called also
Flying ether and Stang ; n.Yks.^, ne.Yks.', m.Yks.'. ne.Lan.'
(15) Cum. i^M.A.R.) (,16) m.Yks.' (17) Hmp. Wise A'rrt' /"o!«/
3 K 2
BULL
[436]
BULLET
(1883^ 189 ; Hmp.i (18) w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 9, 1892).
(19) N.Cy.i Tarras for the good bull-trout, Old Rhyme. Nhb.i
5. A steam whistle used in factories, &c. War., Won
(J.W.P.) Oxf.' IMS. add.
6. A large marble. N.I.^
7. A round bar of iron, used in blasting wet stone.
Nhb.l Nhb.. Dtir. This process consists in filling a drill hole in
wet stone with strong clay, and then driving a round iron rod,
nearly the size of the hole, to its far end, previous to putting in
the gunpowder, Greenwell Coal Tr. Gl. (1849"!. w.Yks. '
8. A prop to prevent a set of ' tubs ' from falling down
a mine-shaft.
Nhb.i Also called ' a covy.' The recoil of the load causes the
horns of the cow, or bull, to be thrust into the ground, whilst the
bull holds the weight.
BULL, 56.= Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Lin. Shr. [bul.] The
bar or beam of a harrow. Cf. bowle, sh., bun, sb.^
Or.I. (Jam.) Nhb.' Disting. from the lighter crossbars, orsheth.
n.Yks. d.W."); n.Yks.i ne.Yks.' In common use. m.Yks.l,
ne.Lan.' n.Lin.l Also called Buns. Shr.'^
[An oxe-harowe, the whiche is made of sixe smal
peces of timbre, called harowe-bulles, made eyther of
asshe or oke. . . . The horse-harrowe is made of fyue
bulles, FiTzHERBERT Husb. (1534) 24. Dan. dial, bul, pi.
bitlle, the beams of a harrow (Molbech).]
BULL, sb.^ Sh. & Or.L
1. The chief farm-house on an estate. S. & Ork.^ Cf.
bow, sb.*
2. A dry, sheltered place.
Sh.I. Driving [flocks] for shelter in time of snow, to what are
called bulls, App. Agr. Siirv. 44 (Jam.). S. & Ork.i
[Norw. dial, bol, an abode (Aasen) ; ON.io/; in Icel.
common in local names.]
BULL, s6.* Nhb. Wm. Yks.
1. A whetstone for a scythe. Nhb.^, w.Yks.*
Hence Bullin(g, adj. Of a scythe : growing blunt.
Wm.i Thor lay's a buUin. w.Yks.'
2. Coinp. Bull stone, a whetstone. Wm. (B.K.), Wm.',
ne.Yks.S w.Yks.'
[ON. bOllr, a ball.]
BULL, V. Sc. Yks. Chs. Not. Lin. Shr. Som.
1. To desire the bull ; to serve a cow. Sc. (Jam.), n.Yks.'
Hence Bulling (bixllen), ppl. adj. Of a cow : maris
appelens.
Sc. (Jam.) s.Chs.l (s.v. Brim). s.Not. (J.P.K.), n.Lin.', Slir.2
Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eiig. (1825).
2. Of cattle : to tear up fences. w.Yks.'
BULLACE, sb. Sc. and in gen. use in Eng. Also in
forms bollas m.Yks.' ; bolace Wor. ; bullas m.Yks.'
w.Yks.* Oxf; bullasen Stf. ; bullerfs Chs.' s.Chs.' ;
bullases Brks.' ; bullies n.Lin.' Nhp.' Hrt. ; bulloe Lan.'
e.Lan.'; bully w.Yks.^sw.Lin.' s.Not. Not.^; bullen Som.;
bull-horn Dev. ; bullin(s Shr.^ Som.nw.Dev.'; bullum(s
Dev.* Cor.' 2
1. A wild plum ; gen. Primus insiiitia, a larger variety
than the sloe, P. spinosa. Also used attrib. Cf bullister.
w.Sc (Jam. Suppl.), Dur.' Cum. An e'e 'at's as breet as a
bullace, Dickinson Remains (1888) 226; (M.P.) ; Cum.'. Wm.
(B.K.), n.Yks.'2, ne.Yks.' e.Yks. Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889) ;
e.Yks.' m.Yks.' The word is the synonym for what is bright, black,
or sour. w.Yks.' 2*, Lan.', e.Lan.', Chs.', s.Chs.', Stf. (E.F.),
nw.Der.', s.Not. (J.P.K.), Not.^ Lin. Bullace cheese is preserve
made of fruit of blackthorn (J.C.W. ). n.Lin.', sw.Lin.', Nhp.',
War.23, Wor. (J.W.P.), Shr.^, Glo.', Oxf.' MS. add., Brks.', Hnt.
(T.P.F.), Cmb.' ne.Ken. A half-wild plum found in many cottage
gardens (H.M.\ Hmp. Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.) Som.
Jennings O65. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. 1 1873). w.Som.'
Dev. Bullums gin is gude vur tha colic, Hewett Peas. Sp. 1 1892) ;
Dev.'"" n-Dev. Sloans, buUans, and haigles be about, Rock Jim an'
JYell{iS6-]) St. 12. nw.Dev.' Not the same as crisling orslone; the
former is much larger and the latter smaller. Cor.' 2
Hence BuUosin, vbl. sb. gathering ' bullaces.'
Not. The little gell's gone a bullosin (L.C.M.). Nhp.*
2. Coinp. HI Bully-blow, (2) -flower, blackthorn blossom.
sw.Lin.' Some folks 'U call it Bully-blow, and some Sloe-blow.
[Bullace vel buUis, Prummi Sylvesire, Skinner (1671) ;
The bullesse and the sloe tree arewilde kindes of plums,
Gerarde Herb. (ed. 1633) 1498; Bolaces & blake-beries,
Wm. Pal. (c. 1350) 1809. Wei. bivlas, bulas, wild plums
(Silvan Evans) ; Bret, bo/os (Du Rusquec). Cp. It.
biilloi, ' bullos, shegs, sloes' (Florid).]
BULLARD, sb. Obsol. Yks. Lan. Chs. Lin. Shr. Also
in formbellartn.Cy.Chs.'*^; bellerts.Lan.; bullart Lan.' ;
bullward w.Yks.^ The man who has charge of a bull,
a ' bull-ward ' ; a runner at a bull-running. See Bellart.
n.Cy. Grose (1790). w.Yks.^ s.Lan. Bamford Dial. (1850).
Lan.' A greight brawsen bullart, Waugh CInmn. Corner (1874).
Chs.' The man who looked after the game bull that was bated at
Mobberley Wakes ; Chs.^^ Lin. A name given to the admirers
and supporters of bull-running at Stamford, Chambers iJ^. of Days
(1869) II. 574 ; For which legacy every bullard [at Stamford]
ought to drink on that day [Nov. 13], Lowe in Hone's Every-day
Bk. (1825) I. 1484 ; Lin.' The bullards had uncouth and antic
dresses, which they prepared against the grand day. Shr.^
BULLAS, see Bullace.
BULLAX, sb. Bnff.' Also in form balax. 1. A hatchet.
2. Comp. BuUax-vright, a clumsy, unskilful wright.
[Dan. bid-^.xe, a heavy axe ; ON. bol-(ji.x, a carpenter's
axe.]
BULL-BEEF, 56. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Not. Lei. Nhp.
War. Ken.
1. In phr. (i) as big or bold as bull-beef, proud, conceited;
(2) as big as bull-beef, very intimate.
(i) w.Yks.' Stf.2 Ei went dain dh' streit 32 big 3z bulbeif.
Not.', Lei.i, Nhp.', War.3, Ken. (.P.M.) (2) Stf.2 Dhei'ar az big
az bulbeif tagethar.
2. The young shoots of wild roses and blackberries, freq.
eaten by children. Chs.'
3. A fall on a slide. m.Lan.'
BULL-BEGGAR, sb. Sc. n.Cy. Also Wil. Dor. Som.
Dev. Also written -bagger Dor. Dev. ; boobagger Som. ;
bully.bagger Wil. A hobgoblin ; anything that causes
a scare ; a scarecrow.
Ayr. A man with great holes in his elbows and look altogether
like what we call a bull-beggar, Galt Li/f Bvcoh (1830) 73. n.Cy.
Dcnham Tracts {ed. 1895) II. 78. Wil. (K.M.G.), Dor. (H.J.M.)
w.Dor. Roberts Hisl. Lyme Reg. (1834). Som. Sweetiman JVin-
canton Gl. (1885). w.Som.' Uur-z u-fee-urd tu geen dhu daa-rk,
eens uur miid zee u beol-bag'ur [she is afraid to go in the dark, lest
she should see a ghost]. Dev. 'Er's za ugly's a witch. I'll hat
thickee ole buU-baggar a skat in tha 'ead ef 'er cometh yer again,
Hewett Pfa5. Sp. (1892). n.Dev. Tie a bull bagger to tha tree,
Rock Jim an' AW/ (,1867) St. 5.
[BuU-begger, larva, temculaineiiUini, Skinner (1671);
They haue so fraied us with bull beggers, spirits, witches,
urchens, elues, hags . . . and such other bugs, that we are
afraid of our owne shadowes, Scot Discov. IVitdicraft
(1584) I53-]
BULL-DOG, sb. Nhb. Lin.
L The slag run from a puddling urnace. Nhb.'
2. //. In phr. Barton bulldogs, rough waves on the
Humber. n.Lin.'
BULLED, ppl. adj. Obsol. Nhp. Shr. Swollen.
Nhp. 2 Shr.' Said of cheeses that generate fermentation after
being pressed, and consequently rise and bulge.
[His bodi was boiled, P. Plowman (a.) v. 67; Al my
breste bolleth, ib. 99.]
BULLED, see Bullward.
BULLEN, sb. Obs. Wm. Yks. Hemp-stalks peeled.
n.Cy. Grose (1790); Called also Buins (K.); N.Cy.* Wm.
Threw on [the fire] a bullen to make a loww, Hutton Bran New
iVark (1785) 1. 384. Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (July 11, 1896).
BULLERS, sb. pi. Som. Dev. The flowers of any
umbelliferous plant ; also the plant itself See Bilders.
w.Som.' Biilurz, Buul'urz. Dev. Reports Provinc. (1884) 13.
nw.Dev.' The stems are used by boys for making squirts, and
are freq. dried as spills.
BULLER(S, see Bulder, Bullace.
BULLET, s6.' Sc. Nhb. Dur. [bu'lit]
1. A round sweetmeat.
Nhb. Sells bullets an claggum for bairns, Wilson Sngs. (i8go)
235; Nhb.' e. Dur.' A large sweetshop in a certain n.Cy. town is
'The Bullet King.'
2. Comp. Btillet-stane, a round stone. Sc. (Jam.)
BULLET
[437]
BULLOCKER
BULLET, 56.* Stf.' In phr. to get the bullet, to get
notice to leave.
[The same word as lit. E. billet, a short written docu-
ment, a notice, which was also written bullet. There is
a bullet for the warrant of j'our lodging, Passenger Beit-
venuto (1612) (Nares). Fr. billet, a little bill, note, or ticket
(CoTGR.) ; see Billet, sb?\
BULL-FIEST, sb. e.An. Also in forms -feist e.An.^ ;
■fuss Nrf. ; -fyce Suf. ; bulfis Nrf. ; bulfer Suf. ; bulver
Nrf. Lycopcnlon bovista, the pufi"-ball.
e. An.i In some counties called Puck-fist. Nrf. Used by a
barber to stop bleeding from cuts in shaving (J.H.) ; (,F.H.) ;
Nrf.i Suf. His face ha' swelled up like bull fice, e.An. Dy. Times
(1892) ; (F.H.) ; Suf.i
{l/esse de hup, the dusty or smoaky toad-stool, called
a Bull-fyste, Wolves-fyste, Puck-fuss, Cotgr. See Fiest.]
BULLFINCH, sb. Not. Lei. Nhp. War. Hnt. Slang.
[bulfintj.] A high clipped hedge. In gen. use as a fox-
hunting term.
Not.i, LeL>, Nhp.i, War.3, Hnt. (T.P.F.) Slang. Could see a
weak place in a bullfinch, Davies Mem. Russell (,1883) iii.
Hence Bullfincher, sb., in phr. to get a bullfincher, to fall
over a high hedge. n.Lin.'
BULLFINCH SKY, />/;r. Nrf. A red-hued sunset.
Nrf. Clyde Gatl. (1872) ii.
BULL-HEAD, sb. Van dial, uses in Irel. and Eng.
Also written -heed Cum.' ; -yed w.Yks.^^ Chs.'^^ Stf.^
1. The fish Coitus gobio, miller's thumb.
n.Cy. Grose (1790) Stippl. ; N.Cy.', Wm. (BK.) e.Yks.
Marshall /?«;-. £coM.( 1 788); e.Yks.i 71/5. nrfrf. (T.H.) w.Yks.'^,
Der.i'^, nw.Der.' n.Lin. We went to catch bull-heads, Peacock
Tn/es and Rhymes (1886) 122. Lei.', Nhp.i, War.3, Shr.l Glo.
(S.S.B.). Hmp. Our streams yield nothing but the bull's head or
miller's thumb, White Selborne (,1788; 27, ed. 1853. Hmp.i, I.W.'
2. A tadpole.
Cum.l, e.Yks.', w.Yks.23 Lan. Sn'cHff Gossip (1882) 164. Lan.',
ne.Lan.', Chs.'''^ g chs.l n.Stf, A small pond full of tadpoles,
alias bullheads, Geo. Eliot A. Bcde (,1859 1. 290. Stf.^, nw.Der.',
n.Lin.i, sw.Lin.1, Lei.', War.^^, Shr.'
3. A simpleton, a blunderer. e.Yks.', w.Yks. ( J.T.), e.Lan.'
Hence Bulyedded, adj. stupid.
s.Chs.' Yu biilj-edid foo.
4. A fire-brick, wider at one end than the other. Nhb.'
5. Stones amongst lime. Chs.'
6. Co)ub. Bull -headed -wigeon, Fuligula/erina, the pochard.
n.Ir. SwAiNSON Birds (1885) 160.
[1. Capito, a bulhede, Nom. (c. 1450) in Wright's Voc.
C1884) 704. 2. Cavesot, a pole-head or bull-head, the
little black vermine whereof toads and frogs do come,
Cotgr.]
BULLIE, V. and sb. BnfT. [buiL]
1. V. To speak, call, or weep loudly. Hence (i)Buniean,
vbl. sb. a loud raising of the voice ; (2) BuUiein, ppl. adj.
roaring, weeping.
Bnfr.' He keepit a buUiean aifter's father. A big buUiein bulfart
o' a bairn.
2. sb. A loud cry or weeping.
Bnfr.' The loon geed oot wee a bullie o' a greet.
BULLIEGRUBS, s6. Bnff.' A colic. Cf mulligrubs.
BULLIES, see BuUace.
BULLIMONG, sb. Hrt. e.An. Also written bulmong
e.An.' Suf. ; bully-mung e.An.'
1. Peas, oats, and vetches sown together ; mixed meal.
Hrt. Ellis 71/orf. Hiisb. (1750, I. ii. e.An.', Nrf.' Suf. Cullum
Hist. Hawsted (1813). Ess. Ray 1 1691) ; G/. (185O ; Ess.' [To
play the Devil i' th' bulmong, Ray Prov. (1678; 239.]
2. Scurrilous and abusive language. e.An.'
[1. But rather sowe otes, or else bullimong there,
TussER Husb. (1580) 51.]
BULLIN, s6. Obs. Shr. A receptacle for ' bottoms '
of yarn.
Shr.' Bullins were of straw, fashioned like a bee-hive. ' W'eer
mun I put these bottoms o' yorn. Missis? — bOoath bullins bin full.'
BULLIN(S, see Bullace.
BULLION'S DAY, phr. Sc. July 4, the Translation
of St. Martin.
Sc. If the deer rise dry and lie down dry on Bullion's Day, there
will be a good goose harvest. Bullion's Day, gif ye be fair. For
forty days 'twill rain nae mair. Inwards Weather Lore (1893) 31 ;
see Jam. fs.v. Martin).
[S. Martin le bouillant, le 4 juillet, ' S. Martinus callidus,
S. Martini Bullionis fcstum' ( Ducange, s.v. Fesluiii ). There
is in the Louvre a picture of St. Martin bj' Le Sueur, in
which the saint is represented with a globe of fire above
his head.]
BULLISTER, sb. Sc. Irel. Cum. Written bullaster
Ant. A sloe-bush ; the wild plum.
w.Sc. Jam. Stippl. Gall. Sourer than the green buUister, Harper
Binds 1 1889) 207. Ant. Ghose i 1790) MS. add. :C.) Cum.'
[Gael, bulaistear (-ir), a bullace, a sloe (Macleod &
Dewar). Borr. fr. ME. bolastre (Trin. Coll. MS. (c. 1450)
in Wright's Foe. (1884) 601).]
BULLKIN, si. e.An. Written bulkin Suf ' [bulkin.]
A bull calf. See Bulchin._
e.An.' Suf. Rainbird ^,^rt'c. (1819) 289, ed. 1849; Suf.'
BULL.NECK(S, sb.. adj. and adv. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Der. Not. Also Dev. Also in form bully- n.Lan. ;
bull's- Dev. [bul-nek(s.]
1. sb. In phr. (i) to lurn or tumble a bull-necks, to turn
a somersault ; (2) lo bear a bull's neck, to bear a grudge.
(i) w.Yks. Gettin' into bed after aw d turned a bullnex ovver
th' clooas, H.\RTLEY Clock Aim. 1879 3 ; w.Yks.' ^2j Dev.' I'll
be hang'd it a dothn't bear thee a bull's neck, 43.
2. adj. Rash, intrepid. Wm. (B.K.)
3. adv. Headlong, precipitately; also /ig. rashlj*, hur-
riedly.
Cum. Runnan bull-neck at meh, Sargisson JoeSconp 1881 199.
Wm. She tummels bullneck in. Whitehead /.(■,§■. (1859)22; He
was always at it bulnecks if he had anything to doi,B. K.) ; Wm.',
n.Lan. \ W. H. H. ), ne Lan.'
Hence Bull-necked, adj. stiff-necked, thick in the neck.
Der.2, nw.Der.' s.Not. Said of onions (J.P.K. .
BULLOCK, sb. Nhb. Wm. Brks. Bdf. Nrf. Ken. Sus.
Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. [bu'Uk.]
1. Horned cattle of either sex.
Brks. Grose f 1790) ; Gl. (1852) ; Brks.' Bdf. Batchelor Anal.
Eng. Lang. (1809). e.Nrf. Marshall Rtir. Econ. (1787J. Ken.
(P.M.) ; Ken.'* Sus.' She's a purty cow, and she'll make a nice
bullock. Dor. Where be I to put a sick bullock when he d' calve ?
(.C.K.P.) n.Dor. (S. S.B.I, Som, (W.F.R.) w.Som.' V-ee zoa ul
dhikyaef-ur? Aa ! vuuree nuys buuleek! [have you sold that
heifer? Ah! very nice bullock!] nw.Dev.' Cor. Monthly Mag.
(,18081 II. 544.
2. A steer of at least a year old. Nhb.'
3. Comp. (i) Bullock-bow, a U-shaped piece of wood,
passing round a bullock's neck into the yoke; (2) -'s-heart,
a large coarse cherry ; (3) -leaze, the right of turning one
bullock to graze on a common ; (4) -man, a cow-tender;
(5) -s'-tongue, Scolopendrium vulgare, hart's-tongue fern.
(i) w Som.' Obsol. (2) Ken. (P.M.) (,3) Sus.' 1,4) Wm. (B.K.)
(5) Nhb.'
BULLOCK, V. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Lin.
Shr. Hrf Hrt. e.An. Sus. Som. Cor. Written buUack
s.Chs.'; buUake.An.' [bulak.]
1. To cry or speak loudlj- ; to abuse, bully, domineer.
Cf. bellock.
n.Yks.'*, w.Yks.', Lan.', e.Lan.' m.Lan.' Yo' should ne'er
bullock a chap bigger nor yo'rsel'. s.Chs.', Der.', nw.Der.', n.Lin.',
sw.Lin.', Shr.2, Hrt (H.G.), e.An.', Nrf.', Suf. (,F.H.), Suf.'
Sns. HOLLOWAY.
Hence (i) Bullocking, ■ebl. sb. abuse, a scolding, loud
talk ; (2) Bullocking, ppl. adj. noisy ; rude, imperious ;
(3) Bullocky, adj. swaggering.
(,1 ) n.Yks.' Ah' wean't bide nae mair o' thah bullockin' ; n.Yks.*
Lan. Umbuggin, an bullokin, un sich like wark, Gt. EggshibUhnn
(1856) 29. Slir.=, Hrf.2, e.An.' (2) Wm.', n.Yks.' w.Yks.'
Naabody can be saaf as lang as that bullockin rascad [Bonaparte]
lives, ii. 306 ; w.Yks.=, n Lin.' Som. W. & J. G/. (1873). (3) Cor.'
2. To cheat, overreach. Nhb.', Lan.', e.Lan.'
BULLOCK, see Bulk, v."-
BULLOCKER, sb. Nhb. [bulskar.] The largest
marble used by boys.
Nhb. Bummin tops, alley marvils, an' bullickors, Chater Tync-
side Aim. (18691 12; Nhb.'
BULLRAGEOUS
[438]
BUM
BULLRAGEOUS, adj. e.Lan.' Raging like a bull.
BULLS, sb. pi. e.An. The steins of hedge-thorns.
e.An.i e.Nrf. Marshall Rut: Ecoii. 11787'. [Gkose (,1700).!
I ON. huh; boh; the stem of a tree. The same as lit. E.
bole]
BULL'S-EYE, sb. Van dial, uses in Sc. Ircl. and Eng.
Also in form bull-eye Chs.'
L A hard round sweetmeat, usually streaked and
flavoured with peppermint. In gen. use.
Rnf. Bulls-eyes, an' candy in sticks, Neilson Poems (iSq-j) 47.
Nhb.i Stf.^ Oil gi Si a eipsrj) a bulzoiz far .''i glasi. n Lin.', Shr.2
Lon. Mavhew Loud. Labour {1851) I. 203. Ken. (P.M.) Slang.
Huge bull's eyes and unctuous toffy, Hughes T. Brown (iB-,6j iii.
2. White marbles with circular rings. w.Yks. (J.T.)
3. Applied to plants with round flowers: (i) Caltha
paliislris, marsh marigold ; (2) Chrysanthemum leucanthe-
iiitim, ox-eye daisy; (3) Lychnis diurna, red campion.
(i) Dor. (G.E.D.), Som. (L.K.L.) (2) Chs.i (3) Dev."
4. Aegialitis hiaticula, ringed plover.
Ir. SwAiNSON Birds (1885) 182.
5. Holes in cheese, due to careless preparation. Shr.^
BULLUM(S, see Bullace.
BULLWARD, adj. Dor.' w.Som.' Dev.' nw.Dev."
Cor.' Also in form bulled w.Som.' Dev.' nw.Dev.' ;
buUard Cor.' Of a cow : maris appetens.
BULLY, s6.i Irel. Nhb. [bu'li.]
1. A brother; a comrade ; esp. of the crew of a 'keel.'
N.Cy.' Nlib. "The bullies ower neet had their gobs se oft wet
That the n_vem o' the ship yen an' a' did forget, Gilchrist Sngs.
(1824) II ; Nhb.' A common appellation among the people con-
cerned in the coal works. Brand Hist. Newc. (^1789) \\. 261.
2. A fine child; a term of endearment.
Ir. Kiss your child, man alive. . . . Throth, you're not worthy of
havin'sucha bully, Carleton Fardoroiigha (1848) i. w.Ir. 'Right,
my bully boy,' says the mother. Lover Leg. (1848) II. 547.
[1. In Shaks. the word is used as a term of endearment :
My hand, bully, Merry IF. u i. 225. Conn. w. MDu. boel,
a lover (of either sex), also, brother (Oudemans).]
BULLY, sb.'' Nhb. Yks. Lan. Not. Lin. Rut. Cor.
[bu-li.] Applied to birds, fishes, &c., which are short and
thick-set.
1. The bullfinch. Nhb.», s.Not. (J.P.K.)
2. The chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs.
n.Yks. (I.W.) ; Swainson Birds (1885) 63.
3. A tadpole. sw.Lin.', Rut.'
4. Camp, (i) Bully-cods, the fish Blcnnius pholis. ' mulli-
granoc ' or ' pull-cronack,' q.v. ; (21 -frog, see Bull-head.
(il Cor.2 (s.v. Pull-cronack). (2) ne.Lan.'
BULLY, sb.^ Dev. Cor.
L A stone rounded by the action of water; cf. boulder, 56.'
w.Cor. Aw went and clunked [swallowedj a bully, Thomas
Jiandiga! Rliynies {iSg^) 3. Cor.'^
2. A boy's large marble, nw Dev.', Cor.^
BULLY, sb." and v. Yks. [bull.]
1. sb. A child's hoop ; also in comp. Bully-bowl. See
Bool, s6.' 5.
w.Yks. Dewsbury Wds. in Leeds Merc. Siippl. (1884) ; (J.H.) ;
w.Yks.3
2. V. To drive a hoop. w.Yks.*
BULLY, see Bullace.
BULLYMUNG, see Bullimong.
BULLYRAG, v. and sb. In gen. dial, and slang use in
Sc. Irel. Eng. and Amer. Also written buUirag Sc. (Jam.)
N.Cy.' w.Yks.5 Stf^ Den' Shn' = ; bullrag Oxf.' See
Ballyrag.
L V. To scold violently, abuse ; to tease, annoy.
Sc. (Jam.) ; Bullyragging that gate, Hogg Sliep. Cal. viii. Abd.
Fat's this 't he's been buUyraggin Mains aboot ? Alexander
Johnny Gibb (1871) xxiii. N.I.', N.Cy.', Cum.', Wm.', e Yks.'
w.Yks. '23; w.Yks.5 Am noan barn to be bulliragged wi' him.
Lan.', nXan.', ne.Lan', m.Laa.', e.Lan.', Chs.', n.Stf. (J.T.),
Stf.'2, Der.', nw.Der.', Not. (J.H.B.), Not.', Lei.', Nhp.' War.
(J. R.W.) ; War. 23 He bully-ragged me in the most shameful way.
se.Wor.',Shr.'2 Hrf. Don't bullyrag afellow (Co//. L.L.B.). Glo.
(F.H.), Oxf.', e.An.', Nrf.' Sur. It be baad enough . . . without
being bully-ragged by 'ee, Bickley Sur. Hills (1890) III. i. Wil.'
[Amer. Dial. Notes (1896) 1. 329.]
Hence (i) BuUyragger, si. an abuser, a bully; (2) Bully-
ragging, (a) vbl. sb. blustering, abuse ; {b) ppl. adj.
bullying, reviling; (3) Bulliraggle, sb. a noisy quarrel.
(I) m Lan.' (2, a) Ir. From that they got to buUyraggin' and
bargin' one another outrageous. Barlow Idylls i^jSgz) 175. N.I.'
w.Yks. Banks U'kjld. IVds. (1865). Lan. Inclined for buUyraggin'
him, Brierley Irkdale (ed. 1868) 16. Chs.' Dir. Doan't keep
buUy-raggin like 'at, Ward David Grieve (1892) I. v. Not.'
n.Lin.' He gev him a straange buUy-raggin'. Lei.' Ah shan't
Stan' non o' yewer bull3'-raggin'. War.^ Cor. There'll be more
set . . . to Adam's buUyraggin'. Parr ^(/(J;;; n<;rf £■;■(•: 1880^ II. 193.
\b\ Dmb. The bully-ragging Doctor, Cross Disruption (1844J vi.
w.Yks.s, Bdf. (J.W.B.) (3'; Cld. (Jam.)
2. sb. One who bullies or teases ; a ranting fellow.
Wm.' w.Yks.3 ; w.Yks.^ Of a keen landlord looking after his
rents: ' T'gurt buUirag! ah wur nobbut behinthand a week.'
ne.Lan.', Stf.^, se.Wor.i Shr.' 'E's a reglar bullirag — never lets
one be.
BULMIE, sZ). Bnff.' A large edible root, as a turnip, &c.
BULMONG, see Bullimong.
BULRUSH, sb. Chs. Wil. Dev. (i) Caltha paliistris,
marsh marigold ; (2) Jiincus, rush ; (3) Scirpus lacustris,
water rush.
(I) Wil.' So called irom some nursery legend that Moses was
hidden among its large leaves. (2) Dev.* (3) Chs.'
BULRUSHER, sb. Nhb.' [bulrujar.] A bulrush.
BULSH, V. and sb. Yks. Lan.
1. V. To indent ; to bruise. Cf. bulch, v.
m.Yks.' A plastered wall may be bulsh'd, or bulshed in, by
a blow of the foot. w.Yks. Porridge so stiffly made . . . that . . .
he could stand on his head on his plate of porridge for an hahr
w-ilhaat bulshing 'em, Binns V'ill. to Town (1882J 72 ; w.Yks.^
2. sb. A bulge, a projection. e.Lan.'
BULT, V. and sb. Sh.I. Also Lei. [bult.j
1. V. To push violently, jolt ; to butt. Cf. buck, v.^ 10,
bulk, v.'^ S. & Ork.', Lei.'
Hence Bultin, adj. Ufa cow : apt to butt. S. &. Ork.'
2. sb. A violent push or thump. Lei.'
[L Cp. Sw. bulla, to knock, beat (Widegren).]
BULTREE, see Bour-tree.
BULTYS, sb. Con"^ A moored fishing-line, with
'snoods' and many hooks attached; used for catching
conger, pollack, &c. See Boulter.
BUL'VER, V. e.An. To increase in bulk by being
rolled over and over ; to collect into a heap. e.An.', Nrf.'
Hence (i) Bulver-head, sb. one whose brain is con-
fused ; (2) Bulvering, ppl. adj. cumbersome ; sticking out.
(ile.An.i (z) ih. Nrf. Cozens-Hardy Sroflrf TVi/ (1893) 100.
BULVER, see Bull-fiest.
BULWAND, 56. Sc. (i) The bulrush, 73'/>/;rt/a/;/o/?a;
(2) Common mugwort, Artemisia vulgaris.
(I S. & Ork.i (2) S. & Ork,' Or.L, Cai. (Jam.)
BUL'WAVER, V. S. & Ork.' To go astray. Cf.
bell waver.
BULYIEMENT, sb. Sc. Written bullament S. & Ork.'
1. Clothing, habiliments.
Abd. Bids the stoutest of the gather'd thrang Gird on their bul-
yiements, Ross //f/fworf (1768) 132, ed. 1812; Still used ludicrously
for clothes (Jam.).
2. Odds and ends of any kind. S. 61; Ork.'
BUM, sb.^ Van dial. uses. In conip. (i) Bum-bags,
breeches; (2) -bal, a clot of cow-dung; (3) -fly, a very
stout, pursy person ; (4) -ful, a lump or gathering of things
badly arranged, chiefly referring.to clothing; (51 -leather,
the skin of the buttocks ; (6) -sucker, a toady, tuft-
hunter.
! I) War.3 Hodgson in white leathers, tights. Braces, bumbags,
brogues, or hrecQhes, Blackw. Mag. (Feb. 1840 1 308 (2) Nhp.'
(3) Ayr. The Abbot himsel',— awfu' kin' o' bumfly. Service Dr.
Duguid (iSSj') 25S. {^) Ant. Ballyiuena Obs. {i8g2: (5)Sc.And
tann'd his ain bum-Iether. Skinner poems (1809J 2. (6) w.Som.'
BUM, sb." Yks. Som.
1. The bung of a cask, &c. n.Yks. (I.W.)
2. Comp. (I) Bum-cork, a bung ; (2) -hole, a bung-hole;
(3) -shave, a taper cutting tool for enlarging bung-holes,
used by coopers.
BUM
[439 J
BUMAL
Soni. (W.P.W.) w.Som.' We never use the word bung alone.
So buum"-oaI, buum shee-uv.
[Du. boinme, the bung of a barrill, . . . een vat boiiwieii,
to bung a vessel (Hicxmam).]
BUM, sb.^ Gall. A term of contempt applied to a
dirt}', lazy woman, ^c«. of high stature.
Gall. She's a perfect bum (Jam. i ; ^A.W.)
BUM, sb* and v} Gen. dial, and colloq. use in Eng.
1. sb. A bailiff or sherift^s officer, who serves writs and
makes arrests. A contraction for Bum-bailey (q.v.).
NUb.i Cum. G/. (,1851,1. Wm. (B.K.) w.Yks. If ther is a lot
o' men 'at aw hate it's bums, Hartley Clock Aim. (18781 41 ;
■w.Yks.2, Lan.i, m.Lan.i, Chs.'^, s.Chs.' Stf.' Oi sei Sali Tumas
3Z gotn iNandl of S duDr iNis mornin; dust jtink ^N bums 3r abait ^
It is a common custom to talie the handle out of the door when such
a visit is expected. nw.Der. ^, Not.^ s.Not. They've got the bums i'
the house (J. P. K.). Lei.', Nhp.'.War.^^ Wor. A' axed Jack Allwit
to lend 'e twenty pun to git the bums out, Wor. Jrii. (,Mar. 9,
18954. se.Woni, Slir.>2 Shr., Hrf. Bound /'tow. (,18761. Hrf.*
Glo. I heard a report as the bums were a-coming in, Gissing
nil. Hampden (i&<)o)n.v. Ken. ( D.W.L.% Sus. (F.E.S.) Sora.
When yer creditor puts tha bums in, ' Agrikler ' Rliyines (1872)
34. w.Som.i Dev. w. Times 1 Mar. 12, 1886) 6, col. 4. Slang.
Queen's Sergeant Barham with his bums and tipstaves, Barham
Ingoldsby (1840) House il'antiiitg.
2. Coinp. Bum-proof, bailitf-proof.
n.Yks. Those . . . al alius stand bum-pruf, Broad Yks. (1885"! 37.
3. V. To distrain, put the bailiffs in the house; to dun
one for payment.
Chs.i If tha does na pay me, aw'Il bum the'. Stf.'' Wei, if ja
wunar pi jar rent, oisll af bum ja. Shr.^ w.Som.^ I can't abear
t'urn about buramin yokes vor money. Dev. Reports Provinc,
(1884I 13.
BUM, I'.* and sb.^ Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
1. V. To make a humming, buzzing noise like a bee or
a top.
Sc. Bees bummed in the gardens, Stevenson Catrioiia (1892") iii.
Frf. His head bumming like a beeskep, Barrie 7'o»/;;/ v ( 1 8g6)
248. Fif. The foul-waste bumm'd wi' blitter-blatter, Tennant
Papistry (1827) 108. Ayr. The busy bumbling hive Bum owre
thi-ir treasures. Burns To W. Simpson (17851 st. 16. N.Cy.'
Nhb.' The scon's bummin in my ears. Cum. The lang room it
bumm'd an' thunner'd, Stagg Misc. Poems (1805I 16, ed. 1807.
n.Yks. (I.W.) ; n.Yks.' Lin. [I] 'eerd'um a bummin' awaayloike
a buzzard-clock ower my 'ead, Tennyson A^. Fariiiei; Old Style
(1864) St. 5. n.Lin.', Nhp.i
2. To make a top hum, to spin a top.
Abd. Gar the peers [tops] bum iW.M.). Ayr. Let me bum
your peery (J.F.I. Nlib.' Hadaway bum yor top.
3. To rush about like a buzzing insect ; to be furiously
busy.
Cum.' Bumman about like a bee in a bottle. Nhp.''^
4. To drone, make a sound like that emitted from
a bagpipe or other musical instrument ; Jig. to be glad,
sing.
Sc. Jenny Cuthbertson may bum, her gettin at the rate o'
sevenpence ha'penny a week for cannles alane, Wilson Tales
(1836) II. 164. Frf. I think I hear the fiddles bummin', Laing
IVayside Firs. (1846) ill. Ayr. She's heard you bummin Wi'
eerie drone, Burns Address Deil (i-jS^'] st. 6; Pipes and fiddles
thro' the fair, Gaed bummin' roun' and roun'. Ballads { 1846) I.
94. Edb. Sae sweetly as it wont to bum, Ferguson Poefns {iq']^)
115. Dmf. Louder the big bass-fiddle bums, Mayne Siller Gun
(18081 79.
5. To read in a droning, indistinct manner ; to sing or
play badly. Bnft'.i
Hence (i) Bumman, vbl. sb. (a) the act of reading or
talking to one's self in a drawling, indistinct manner ; {b)
the act of singing or playing badly ; (2) Bummer, sb. (a)
one who reads in a blundering, droning tone ; a bad
singer or player ; (b) a managing, officious person, gen.
used in a depreciatory sense ; a manager, headman ; (3)
Bumming, vb/. sb. (a) a humming, murmuring sound as
of insects, &c. ; (h) boasting, talking big ; (4) Bumming,
ppl. adj. (a) humming, buzzing ; (6) having a habit of
reading in an indistinct tone or of singing and playing in
a droning style ; (5) Bum-bumming, vbl. sb. a continuous
humming sound.
(i, a) Bnff.i Wm. He would start a bumming, and it was bum,
bum, bum, stop, Rawnsley Remin. // o/t/sHor/A ( 1884) VI. 168.
(6) Bnff.' He keeps a bumman o' that sang the leefoulang day, an'
a'm jist scunncrt wee't. (2, a) Bnff.' b) Sc. iJ.M..; Quite
common (A.W.i. Ayr. Johnnie was ane o' the heid bummers in
the kirk. Service /)^. Z);(^Hi(/ (1887; 20; (J.F.'j (3,(1) The birrin'
an' bummin' o' wheels, Hamilton Poems ,1865) 145. Lth. That
organ's bummin' i' my lug, S.mith Merry Bridal ("1866) 169. Edb.
The bumming in the him-head, Moir Mansie Waucli (1828: 50.
Wm.', n.Lin.i, N.'ip.^, Erks.' i4 N.I.' Ant. Ballymeim Ois.(i892).
1 4, a) Lnk. The hame-gaun wearied busy bees Flee h3'e on
bummin' wings, Thomson jl/;(i(Hj;'s 1881) 127. n.Yks. A bummin'
noise (I.W.). Nhp. Bumming gadflies ceased to teazc, Clare
Po«/(5 (1821'! 131. (,i) Bnff.' 15-ne.Sc. I heard only the bum-
bummin' o' the gudeman's voice. Grant Kccklcton, 134.
6. To cry, have a habit of weeping.
Bnff.' Elg. There's naething on earth sets me sooner a bummin',
Tester Poems 1 1865 1 135.
Hence (i) Bumman, vbl. sb. weeping; (2) Bummer, sb.
one who is addicted to weeping; (3) Bumming, ppl. adj.
much given to weeping, chicken-hearted.
\i Bnff.' Ye canna spyke nor leuck t'that bairnly loon, bit he
jists sets up's bumman. (2, 3 ■ ib.
7. Comp. (1 ) Bum-bass, a violoncello ; (2) -bore, the gad-
fly. Oestrus bovi's ; (3) -clock, a humming flying beetle;
( 4) -fiddle, a bass viol ; (5) -pipe, the dandelion, Leontodun
taraxacitin; (5) -thunder, to make a loud, startling noise.
(i) w.Yks.2 (2) n.Yks. ' (3I Ayr. The bum-clock humm'd wi"
lazy drone. Burns Tua Dogs 11786, st. 35. Lnk. The pleasant
drone O' bum clocks fleein' by, Thomson Musings (1881) 196.
Gall. Something whistled like a bum-clock past me, Crockett
Raiders 1894J xx. Ant. Mammy, daes plums fly ? — Naw. — Weel, a
hae et a bum-clock, Ballvmena Obs. [ 1892^ s.Ldd. Not common
(M B.-S.). Nhb.i, n.Yks.2 (41 n.Cy. ,iV. & O. (1868) 4th S. ii.
356. n.Yks. 2 w.Yks. I wa parin laud az ani bumfidl. Dixon
Craven Dales (1881) 194. ne.Lan.' 15 Bnff.', Lnk. (,Jam. ) (,6)
Cum. T'chairman knockt an bum thundert t'teaable, Sargisson
Joe Scoap (1881) 147.
8. sb. The humming, buzzing sound emitted by insects,
tops, &c. ; the confused sound of talking.
Abd. Bum of busy honey-bees Delights the air. Shir reps PofiHS
(1790) 97. Frf. I likit to hear the bum o't, Harris Tommy {i&Cib)
287. Fif, The sky sough'd wi' ane eerie bum, Tennant Papistry
(1827) 144. Ayr. I J.F.I Edb. The bum and bustle of the High
Street, MoiR Mansie IVauch (1828) vi. n.Yks.'
9. One who reads indistinctly ; one who plays or sings
without taste or skill.
Bnff.' He's a mere bum o' a fiddler, that.
BUM, v.^ and sb.^ Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Lin. Wor.
Also Som. Dev. Cor. Written bom Soin. [bum.]
1. v. To strike, knock, boom.
Ayr. He bummed me against the wall (J.F.'). Cum. Saint
Mary's muckle clock bumm'cj eight, Anderson Ballads 1 18051 70.
Som. I wish to goodness he would bom the bell, Raymond Love
and Quiet Life 1,1894) 37- Cor.^ I bummed my head right against
the door.
2. To beat or din into by constant reiteration.
w. Som.' You can't bum nort into the head o' un. Dev. You
can't bum it into this chap, Rcpoiis Provinc, (,1884) 13.
3. To swell up after a blow.
n.Lin.' It bumm'd up as big as a egg.
4. To drive violently, to hurry.
Nhb. But they fand aw nawd nowt, se they bumm'd us belaw,
RoBsoN Evangeline (1870'! 346; In bye they bummed me in a
crack, Wilson Pitman's Pay (,1843) 27 ; Nhb.' They were bummed
00 1.
5. To throw away carelessly.
Sc. It's naething less nor mair than bummin' guid siller inter the
fire, Tweeddale ^1/0^(18961 172. Ayr. (J.F.)
6. sb. A blow ; a ball that strikes a player when re-
bounding from a wall, .S:c.
w.Yks. Ah'm noan aht, it wor a 'bum,' Leeds Merc. Siippl.
(Jan. 9, i892\ Lan. Theer's Oliver Crummill's bums and balls,
Wilson Sngs. (1865I 59. Cor.^
7. Comp. (i) Bum-ball, a ball with which boys play
' rounders ' or similar games ; (2) -kep, a ball caught on
the rebound from a wall, &c.
( l^ se.Wor.' {2) w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Siippl. (Jan. 9, 1892).
BUMAL, see Bumble.
BUM-BAILEY
[440]
BUMBLE
BUM-BAILEY, sb. Irel. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Not.
Lei. War. Wor. Hrf. Sus. Wil. Som. [bum-beli, -beali.]
1. A sherifiPs officer or bailiff, appointed to serve writs
and make arrests or prosecutions. See Bailie, sb. 2,
Bum, sb.* 1.
S.Don. Simmons Gl. (i8go\ w.Yks. If yo scent a bum-bailey i'
til' air, Hartley Dilttes (iSeSI 12 ; w.Yks.' Lan. I'm as blynt as
a mowdiwart, an' as deeaf as a bum baily, Brierley Waverloiv
(1884) 197; Lan.>, e.Lan.i, Chs.i, sChs.^, Stf.2, nw.Der.l, Not.',
Lei.i, War.23, se.Wor.', Hrf. = , Sus. (.F.E.S.) Wil. Slow Gl.
(1892. w.Som.'
2. Fig. A loud and overbearing person. Lan.^
[Scout me for him at the corner of the orchard like
a bum-baily, Shaks. Twelfth N. iii. iv. 194.]
BUMBARREL, sb. Not. Lin. Nhp. Oxf Bck. Hnt. Wil.
Written bombarrel Nhp.^ Wil.' The long-tailed titmouse,
Acredula rosea or caiidata. Also in comp. Bumbarrel-tit.
See Bum-towel.
Not. SwAiNSON Birds (1885) 32. s.Not. Also called Jug-pot,
Mug-pot (q.v.) (J.P.K.). S.Lin. (F.H.W.) Nhp.i There the bum-
barrel builds her nest, Clare MS.Poems. Oxf. Aplin S;Ws(i889)
214; 0xf.'il/5. orfrf. Bck. 5fi'cHf< Gos«^ (1891) 119. Hnt.(T.P.F.)
Wil. He would tell about the bombarrel tit, Jefferies Gt. Estate
(i88rA ii : Wil.'
BUMBASTE, v. e.An.' Nrf Suf Dev." To beat
soundly, severely, esp. to inflict school discipline.
[If it be in a gelding, you must bumbast his buttocks
with a good long sticke taken hot out of the fire, Markham
Coitnh-ey Fanne ( 1616) 146. Bum, sb.^ + baste ( vb.), q.v.]
BUMBAZE, V. Sc. Nhb. e.An. Also in form bombaze
Bnft'.i e.An.' Nrf.^ To confound, bewilder, perplex ; to
look aghast, confounded, stupefied. Cf. baze, v.'^
Sc. The scoundrel red-coats must have been bumbazed, Scott
Redg. (1824') xi. Bnff.i Bombazle is the intensitive form. Abd.
Lindy looked blate and sair bombazed, Ross Heleiiore (1768) 93,
ed. 1812. Fif, Dan Momus look't bombas'd a wee, Tennant
Papistry ( 1827) 20. Ayr. The bits o' spengs and starlings . . . maun
be clean bumbazed. Service Dr. Diigmd (i88-]) 132. Lnk. Then
aft by night bombaze hare-hearted fools, Ramsay Gentle Sliep.
(1725) 22, ed. 1783. n.Cy. Border Gl. {Coll. L.L.B.>; N.Cy.'
Nhb. Aw was fairly bumbazed, like a dog in a dancin, Marshall
Sngs. (1819) 9; Nhb.l, e.An.' Nrf.' I am right on bombazed.
Slang. While the party below stand mouth open and stare. Clean
bumbaized and amazed, Barham Iiigoldsby (,1840) Witches' Frolick.
BUMBEE, sb. Sc. Irel. I. Ma. Lin.
1. The bumble-bee or humble-bee.
Inv. (H.E.F.) Abd. Like bumbees bizzing frae a byke. Skinner
Poems ( 1809^ I. Per. Could a' follow a bumbee ? Ian Maclaren
Brier Bush (1895"! 219. Fif. Bumbees an' midges Were buzzin'
fu' thrang, Robertson Provost (1894) 12. Ayr. I hae catched a
muckle bumbee, Galt Entail (1823) xxiii. Lnk. There were
bumbee's bykes to rob, Fraser JVhaiips (1895) vii. Edb. The
bumbees were bizzing among the gowans and blue bells, Moir
Mansie IVaitch ;i828) xxii. Gall. Oot on the wide uplands, where
there are but the bumbees an' the heatherbleats, Crockett /?a;a'«5
(1894) ''I'V- Kcb. Auld farnyear stories come athwart their minds
of biim-bee bykes, Davidson Seasons (1789) 5. N.I.' Ant. Bally-
mena Ohs. { 1892). I.Ma. She's as sweet as clover with the bumbees
humming over it, Caine Man.xman (1894) pt. in. xiv. s.Lin. That
bone's as bare as a bumbee's knee (F.H.W.).
2. Coiiip. Bumbee-wark,_/?^. nonsense. N.I.'
[Bull!, vh.^ + bee.]
BUMBELEERYBIZZ,/'/ir. Lnk. (Jam.) [Not known
to our correspondents.] A cry used by children when
they see cows startling, in order to excite them to run
about with greater violence.
BUMBLE, v.^ and sb.^ Sc. Yks. Lin. Shr. Also Ken.
Hmp. Som. Dev. Also written bombell, bummil, bummle
Sc. (Jam.) [bumbl, buml.]
1. V. To make a humming noise.
n.Vks.i ne.Yks.i s.v. Bumble-kites. w.Yks. Willan Li's/ fFrf^.
(1811). Ken. < P.M.I ; Ken.' Hmp.' To bumble like a bee in a tar tub.
Hence (i) Bumbling, vbl. sb.; (2) Bumbulation, sb.
a humming noise.
(i , n.Lin.' (2) Ken. (P.M.); Ken.'
2. To rumble, roll about as loose stones upon a road ;
to trundle down noisily like stones on a hillside, &c.
ne.Yks.', w.Yks. (R.H.H.)
3. To read in a low, indistinct voice ; to sing or play on
a musical instrument in a bungling manner.
Bn£r.' There's her bummlin' o' the piano.
Hence (i) Bummlan, vbl. sb. the act of reading in
a low, indistinct manner, or of playing or singing
in a blundering way ; (2) Bummling, ppl. adj. having
a habit of reading in a blundering, indistinct manner.
Bnft?
4. To weep. EnflT.^
Hence (i) Bummlan, vbt. sb. much weeping; (2)
Bummling, ppl. adj. much given to weeping, chicken-
hearted.
Bnff.' There's that bummlin' loon t'the rod again. He hiz his
finger eye in's ee.
5. sb. The bumble-bee.
Kcb. While up the howes the bummles fly, Davidson Seasons
(17891 63 ( Jam.I. Shr.'Eh! theer's a big bumble. w.Som.' I tell
thee tidu a dummle-dary, 'tis a bummle.
6. In comp. (i) Bumble-dore, (2) -drum, a bumble-bee.
(i) Som. She would be as busy and merry as a bumbledore in
a pitcher, Raymond Misterion's Mistake 11888) 285. (2' Dev. A
can zee every crinkle crankum of they leaveses, and a girt bumble-
drum coom to sniff at 'un, Blackmore Kit ( i8go. I. xvi.
7. The common bittern. [Newman (1866) 10.]
8. Fig. A drone, lazy fellow.
Fif. Bury beggm'-freir and bummel, Tennant Papistry 11827')
30. Ayr. Some drowsy bummle, Wha can do nought but fyke
an' fumble, Burns Sc. Bard, st. 4.
[1. As a bitore bonibleth (v.r. bumblith) in the mj're,
Chaucer C. T. d. 972. 5. Dost see yon tender webs
Arachne spins, Through which with ease the lusty
bumbles break. Whiting Albino (1638) (Nares'.]
BUMBL(E, t'.2 and 5*.== Sh.I. Written bummle (Jam.).
1. V. To make a splash in the sea. Sh.I. (Coll. L L.B.),
S. & Ork.'
2. sb. A commotion in liquid substances, caused by
throwing something into them ; the hollow sound pro-
duced by a fall. Sh.I. (Jam.), S. & Ork.'
BUMBLE, V? and sb? Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
Also written bombell Sc. (Jam.) ; bumal w.Yks. ; bummel
N.Cy.' Nhb.' Wm.' Lei.'; hummil Sc. (Jam.); bummle
Sc. Bnff.' e.Yks.' n.Lan.' Lei.' w.Som.'
1. V. To bungle, blunder, make a mess of; to halt,
stumble.
Sc. 'Tis ne'er be me Shall scandalize, or say ye bummil Ye'r
poetrie, Ramsay Poems ( ed. 1800) II. 330 1 Jam !. Per. What are ye
bummlin' at? (G.W.) N.Cy.' Cum. 1 M.P.) ; As for a bang he bum-
mel'd, STAGGil/wf. PooHS: 1807; 145. Wra.' n.Yks. He bummled
on an' spoiled his work (I. W.). w.Yks. Bummlekite . . . bummled
t'writin'desk soa . . . 'at here wur an boor an' a hauf's joiner's
war ta dew at it, VIS'S. CoHif/ (18441 No. iii. 34. ne.Lan.' Hmp. Of
a mended coat: 'It is bumbled up' i^W.H.E.); Wise New Forest
(1883) 189; Hmp.l
Hence (i) Bumbled, pp. hard up, in consequence of
being out of work; (2) Bumbler, sb. a bungler, blunder-
ing fellow; (3) Bumbling, ppl. adj. awkward, blundering;
(4) Bumbly (bomboly), adj. rough, uneven ; awkward
to fit; (5) Bumblesome, (?<// clumsy, awkward; ill-fitting,
inclined to pucker or cockle ; (6) Bumniler'sluck, sb. the
result of bungling work ; (7) Bumnrian, vbl. sb. the act of
doing work in a clumsy, bungling way ; (8) Bummling,
ppl. adj. stupid and clumsy at work.
(i) Wil. I be ter'ble bumbled (G.E.D ). (2) Sc. (Jam.) Ayr.
He's nae bumler, mind ye, Service AotaHi/KH/s (18901 87. N.Cy.'
Dur. Bummelers 'n' bullethers, Egglestone Betty Podtin's Lett.
(1877') 9. Wm.', Lan. (J.L.) Glo. Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.)
(3) Cum, His own trim, slight, well-built hgiire, by no means of
the bumbling order, Linton Uzsie Loiioii l 1867') iv. w.Yks.
Differences 'at seems made in a random, bumlin, haphazard soart
of a way, Yismn. (July 18781 10. (41 Hrf.^ It's a bomboly stone.
n.Dev. isn't this road bumbly? (F.A.A.) (5 1 Suf. (C.T.) Ken. If
you have a dress made of this thick material, it will look so bumble-
some (W.H.E.); (P.M.); Ken.', Sus.' (_6; Cum. (M.P.), Wm.'
(7, 8) Bnfif.'
2. To bustle about, work busily, but noisily and not
effectively.
Elg. We preach'd an' bummel'd time aboot, Tester Poems 1,1865)
BUMBLE
[441]
BUMBRUSH
128. e.Yks. He bummled aboot like a bee iv a botlle (J.N.);
e.Yks.i
3. sb. A bungle, blunder, muddle; a 'botch,' clumsy
performance.
Bnff.i It's bit a bummle noo fin t'iz deen. Per. He's made a
complete bummle (G.W.). Nhb.>, Cum. (E.W.P.) w.Yks. Whot
a bumal we mak' on't when t'maisler axes us to spell ' colonel,'
Yisinaii. {Oct. 1878)265. Dor. vC.W.B.) ; If I've aseed anybody
in ar a bit of a bumble about his work, N. & Q. (1866; 3rd S.
X. 245.
4. A bungler ; a clumsy, heavy person.
Sc. Loud bawl'd the bummil, Dkummond Miickomachy (1846)
20. Rnf. At gaun I'm sic a bummel, Young /Vrf»;r-s (1865) 170.
Kcb. The Muse at that grew capernoited An' ca'cd me bumble,
Davidson Seasons ^1789^ i8r.
5. A low, indistinct, blundering reading ; a person who
reads in such a manner ; one who sings or plays without
skill or taste.
Bnff.' He made an unco bummle o' the paiper. He's naething
bit a mere bummle at readan.
6. A state of awkward bustle. ni.Yks.'
7. A bundle ; a thick, clumsy, untidy package.
Der.i w.Som.i Aay zeed-n wai u guurt buunrl tue liz baak.
Dhaat-s u fuyn buum'l. shoaT nuuf !
8. A club-foot. "VVar. (J.R.W.)
9. The ball of the hand or foot. Lei.'
10. Comp. (i) Bumblefoot, (a) a club-foot; {b) a name
given to any one with a misshapen or club-foot ; (2) -footed,
(a) having a club-foot; (b) of a horse: having the foot
turned in ; (3) -kite, one whose clumsiness is productive
of mischief; (4) -puppy, (a) a term of contempt for
domestic whist, chess, &c.; (b) a game of skittles or
ninepins; (5) -rooted, said of turnips when they form
several small roots instead of one large one.
(r, al n.Lin.^, Nhp.i. War.^ Sur. She 'ad a bumble foot, poor
thing. A'. & Q. (1880) 6th S. i. 238. D;v. w.Tiiihs (Mar. 12,
1886) 6, col. 4. se.Cor. (W.P.) (6) 'War.a Cmb.i Where are
you coming to? — you great bumble-foot! (2, n) Lin. Thompson
tlist. Boston (1856I 700. •War.^, s.Wor.l, Glo.', e.An.i, Nrf.'
Wil. (W.H.E.); vG.E.D.) (b) 0-aO MS. mid. (3^ w.Yks.= Go
it bummlekite! (4, n) War.^, Oxf.l MS. add. li, 'War.^ The
missile used is a two-pound weight of metal, or a similar disk :
and this must be pitched, not bowled at the pins; War.^ (5) War.^
BUMBLE, v." and sb.* e.An.
1. V. To muffle, cover up.
e.An.^ Tlie bells were bumbled at his burial. Nrf. I never wear
gloves ; I hate to have my hands bumbled up (W.R.E.) ; Nrf.'
Hence Bumbled, pp. blinded as with a handkerchief.
e.An."
2. 5*. pi. Coverings for the eyes of a horse, more
effectual than blinkers.
e.An.i, Nrf.i [Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863).]
3. A cover of a vessel. e.An.'°
4. A hoarding in front of a building which is being
rebuilt. e.An.*
BUMBLE, sb.^ and v.^ Cum. Yks. limp. Wil. Written
bimimell Cum. Hmp.' ; bummul Hmp. ; bummle Yks.
[bunil.]
1. sb. The blackberry or bramble, Riibiis fni/icosiis.
Ceil, used in coiiip. Bumble-kite (q.v.). See Bramble.
Cum. Gl. i;i85i). Cum., Hmp. Hmp.'
2. Comp. Bumble-berry, (i) the fruit of Rosa caniiia;
(2) the fruit of Riibiisfrulicosiis.
(i) ■Wil.> {,2^, Cum.
3. V. To gather 'bumbles' or ' bumble-kites.'
■w.Yks. Are yer gooin' abummlin' ? (_F.P.'r.) ; (U.K.); O'sol.
Known only by old people ' M,I'."i.
BUMBLE, sb." Yks. Lin. [bu'ml.]
1. The bulrush, Sdrpas laaistris, with which chairs are
bottomed. Also used attrib.
Lin. The chair's got a bumble bottom (R.E.C.V n.Lin. A'. &Q.
(1852) ist S. V. 375 ; n.Lin.' I can't abide them bumble-seated
chairs ; it's makkin' onessen like a Paapist to set doon 'e one
on 'em. sw.Lin.'
2. Comp. Bumble-barfan, a horse-collar made of reeds
or rushes as distinguished from the leather bargham (q.v.).
n.Yks.'2 ne.Yks.' The bumble-barfam was specially used for
young colts and fillies when first yoked (s.v. Barfhame'. m.Yks.'
VOL. I.
[Bull-rushes ... in some countries . . . are called
bumbles, Westmacott Script. Herbal (1694) 32.]
BUMBLE, 5Z).' Ihf. A large water-worn stone found
among gravel.
Hrf. ' Have you enough stone for that wall? — No, but I can make
him out with a few of these bumbles.
BUMBLE-BEES, 56. //. n.Yks. The self-heal, Pn<w//rt
vulgaris.
BUMBLE-BUNNEN, sb. Dor. A sea fish; the
smaller kind of cunner, Cirm'labnis iiielops.
Dor. w. Gazelle 1 Feb. 15, 1889') 6, col. 7.
BUMBLE-KITE, 5/>. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Also
Hmp. Also in form bummel- N.Cy.' Dur.' VVm.' n.Yks."
m.Yks.' Hmp.'; bummelty-, bummely- Cum. Wm. ;
bummle- Nhb.' n.Yks.^ e.Yks.' w.Yks.' ; bummlers- Nlib.';
bumly- Cum. [buml-kait.]
1. The fruit of the ' bramble ' or blackberry bush, Rubiis
fnilicosiis. Cf bramble-kites.
N.Cy.' Nhb.' The fruit is vulgarly known by the name of
bumble kyle, from its being supposed to cause flatulency when
eaten in too great a quantity. No knowledgeable boy will eat
these berries after Michaelmas Day. because the arch fiend is
believed to ride along the hedges on the eve of that great festival,
and pollute everything that grows in them, except the sloes, by
touching them with his club foot. The same notion prevails further
North, where the bramble-berries are called lady's garter berries,
Brockik Leg. 1 15. Dur. The devil has set his foot on the bumble-
kites, Diii/iain Ttacis, 8; Bur.' Cum. One of blackberry wine
called bumble-kite, Liktoh Lizzie Loilon (1867) xii ; Gl. {1851).
Wm. Nature Notes, No. 9 ; Wm.' Yks. Hips and bummelkites,
Fetherston T. Gooikrodgei; 78; Bailey (i72i\ n.Yk?."'
ne.Yks.' Oor Bess hez been getherin bumml-keytcs. m.Yks.'
w.Yks. WiLLAN List IFds. (1811); (S.P.U.); -w.Yks.^ Hmp.
limp. Mag. (1828) 481 ; Hmp.'
2. In phr. bummcl-kile with a spider in it, a bad bargain,
a disappointment. N.Cy.'
3. A person with a protuberant stomach. e.Yks.'
[1. So named from the rumbling and bumbling caused in
the bellies (kites) of children who eat its fruit too greedily,
Prior Pop. Names Plants (1879) 32. This expressive term
would not shock the sensibilities of people in Yorkshire,
who still call the Sunday in Martinmas week, when much
feasting goes on, 'Rive-kite Sundah,' i.e. Tcar-stomach
Sunday, E.G. in Acadcmv, July 19, 1884.]
BUMBLER, -sA. Nlib. Dur. Cum. Yks. Nrf. Also in
form bumler N.Cy.'; bumly Cum.'; bummler Nhb.';
bummeller Nhb. e.Dur.' [bumla r).]
1. Tlie humble- or bumble-bee. See Bumble, sA.'
N.Cy.' Nlib. They're the bumlors i' luve's hive, Robsov
Evangeline (1870) 363 ; Nhb.' ' He hummed the tunc like a bummler
iv a rose bush," said of a minister who had attempted to raise a
tune. Dur. T'lassies wer buzzin' aboot as bissy as bumblers,
Egglestone Belly Bodkin's Visit (1877') 11. e.Dur.' Cum. As
bissy as a bummely, Farrall Belly Wilson (1886^ 82; Cum.'
n.Y\i%. Science Gossip [1882^ 161 ; iG.E.D.) NrriEM.); ^A.G.F.)
2. A large fly or bluebottle ; a humming beetle.
Nhb. Patent bumlcrs and niennims, patent rods and click reels,
Fishin' Club (1883; ; Nhb.', n.Yks.2
3. Comp. Bumbler-box, (i) a small wooden box to hold
bees ; (2) a small house ; (3) an old square bed with
sliding panels in front ; (4) a passenger one-horse van.
(I) N.Cy.' (2, 3) Nhb.' (4^ Nhb. Brockett C/.
4. A term of derision given to the old yeomanry cavalry
before the days of volunteers.
Nhb.' Blue tailed bummler, cock-tailed tummler, darsn't gan ti
war. Dur. Den/iani Tracts ,ed. 1892, I. 68.
BUMBOiO, 5/'. Nhb. Sus. Slang. A liquor composed
of rum or gin. sugar, water, and nutmeg.
Nhb. I'hcy drink bumbo made of gin, Richardson Borderer's
Table-bk. (i846)V'III. 104. Sus.'Oii. "We drank one bowl of punch
and two miiggs of bumboo. Slang. Making merry round a table
well stored with bumbo and wine, S.mollett R. Random (1748)
xxxiv ; A'. & Q. (18861 7th S. i. 195, 294.
BUMBRUSH, v._ Nrf Suf.' To beat soundly, esp.
to inflict school discipline.
[Cp. biim-bnis/ier, a name for a schoolmaster. I (Diony-
siusl was forced to turn bum-brusher, T. Brow.n His.
(1760) II. 86 (Dav.).]
31-
BUMBY
[442]
BUMP
BUMBY, sb. Hrt. e.An. Also written burnbay e.An.^
1. A quagmire from stagnating water, dung, cic. ;
a cess-pool : marshy land. Also used altn'b.
Hrt. Cu5S.\NS Hist. Hrt 1879-1881 1 III. 320. Nrf. JH." ; Nrf.l
Enf. Cl-llu-m Hist. Haivsted 1813 ; Let him inter that owd bumby
ditch, e.An. Dy. Times 1892 ; Suf."^ Wet insolid land is said " ta
quail like a bumby.' Sii£, Ess. Young Ann. Agric. ;i784-i8i5).
Ess. Ray 1691^
2. A receptacle for filth and rubbish.
e-An.i. Snf. >,F.H. Ess. Gl. ,1851 ; Ess.'
BUMBY. see Bimebyie.
BUM FIRE, see Bum -fire.
BUMFITT, num. adj. Obs. Dur. Cum. \Vm. Yks. Ess.
Also written buomnt, buumfit \Vm.
1. Fifteen. Used by shepherds in scoring sheep. Cf.
boom.
Dor.. Ciiin. Ll-c.\s Stud. NiJderdale [c. 1882" 38. Win. Biimford,
N. Cr O. 1871" 4th S. viiL 5+0. Dor.. w.Yts. Leeds Merc. Suppl.
(Nov. I. 1884% w. Yks., Ess. Luovs Stud. Mdderdale c. 1882 38.
2. Twenty.
Wm. Luc-\s Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882} 38 ; Trans. Aniig. Soc.
(1877 ago.
[1. Wei. /jw//;?^, fifteen.]
BUMLET, sb. Hrf.* A round stone used for filling
up walls in building.
BUMLOCK, sb. Sc. Also written bumlak (J.A.M.). A
small, prominent, shapeless stone ; anything which en-
dangers one's falling or stumbling.
Abd. J.\M.' ", Not verv commoa W'.M.^.
BUMMACK, sA. Sc.
1. Obs. An entertainment given at Christmas by tenants
to their landlords.
Or.I. The Christmas bummacks are almost universally dis-
continued, StaHsi. Ace. XV. 393-4 : Jam.). S. & Ork.'
2. The brewing of a large quantity- of malt for the
purpose of being drunk at once at a merry meeting.
. Cr.I. The mickle bicker of Scapa . . . brimful of the best bummock
that ever was brewed. Scott P:rafe 1822) xxxvi. CaL J-4M.
BUMMAREE, sb. and v. Lon. Slang.
1. sb. A class of salesmen or middlemen in Billingsgate
Market.
Lon. In Billingsgate the ' forestallers ' or middlemen are known
asbummarees, Mayhew Land. Labour iS^t] L 67; N. (j" O. ,1851)
ist S. iv. 39.
2. A usurer.
Lon. Usurers, commonly called bummarees, tnidging about after
their debtors, Parker Low Life 1764, 6.
3. V. To buy up large quantities of fish to sell retail.
Lon. This wholesale retailing of fish is also called bumraareeing
it, J.V. &* O. ,1851) 1st S- iv. 39; F-\rmer).
4. To run up a score at a newly opened public-house.
Slang. FoRBv Gl.
[The same word as Du. boomerie. bodemrye, usurie or
gaine of shipping ( Hexham 1. Cp. lit. E. bottomry, a con-
tract whereby money is advanced on the security of the
keel or bottom of a ship.]
BUMMEL. see Bumble.
BUMMELTY-. BUJVEMELYKITE, see Bamble-kite.
BUJVIMER. sb. Var.dial. uses in Sc. Irel. Eng. and Amer.
1. .\. bumble-bee, bluebottle fly, or any humming insect.
See Bum. v.^
Bnff.* Dmb. We've nana o' your moorland foggy bummers wT
theirbykes inthegrund, Cross"Z)isto/i/m»j{i8441 xL SIk. Feckless
even to catch flees— for by comes a great bummer. Chr. North
Noctes ed. 1856 III. 131. [U.S.A. .V. C- O. 1868; 4th S. u 163.!
2. Obs. The bittern, Botaunts steltaris.
e.An. Before the bittern was exterminated I have often heard it
called the ' bummer.' and not long since a fen-man said * there are
no more bummers and no more copper-flies.' iV'. ;3^ Q. ^i863; 4th
S. ii. 261.
3. A boaster, empty foolish talker : an idler ; a swinger,
great one, speaking of any large thing.
*^if^^ -^'- & Q- 1868 4th S. ii. 214. w.Yks. He wor a tapraam
bummer. Hartley Clock Aim. 1S89 28. Der ' Oos [US_A.,
Calif. iV. (^ Q. i868 4th S. i. 75, 163.]
4. A child's toy made with a piece of twine and small
circular disc, usuallyof tin, which makes a hamming noise.
Sc. Bummers~a thin piece of wood swung round by a cord,
Bla:kw. Mag. {Aug. 1821) 35 Jam.). N.I.>-
5. A carriage that sounds from a distance on the road ;
the driver of a carriage or gig.
N.Cy.^ Nhb. .\ road tor horse — a road for foot — And yen for a'
the bummers, Wilson Dicky's IVig 1843 83 ; Nh'3.' In former
times commercial travellers "were all gigmen, or bummers.
BUMMICK, s6.i Brks. Hmp. Wil. Som. [Not known
to our other correspondents.] A rising in the ground
causing an uneven surface.
Brks. , Hmp., Wil. There were so many buramicks in the field
that it strained the mowing machine very much W.H.E.).
Hence Bummicky, ad/, rough, uneven.
sw.Som. .-V man with a tricycle said that he had found the roads
verv- bummicky W.H.E.'.
BUMMICK, si.2 Wil. A cow or ox.
Wil. Go an' sar the bummicks. Not in common use ;G.E.D.\
BUMMIL, v. Shr.i [bumL] To beat, pound. Cf.
p:mmel.
BUMMLE, see Bumble.
BUMMLER, see Bumbler.
BUMMLERSKITE, see Bumble-kite.
BUMMY, sb. Sc. A stupid person, fool.
Kcd. Ye senseless gixid-for-naething bummy, BuRNESs Tkrummy
Cap c. 1796" 1.298. Per. Jam.'i
BUBiIP, 1'.' and sb.^ Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. V. To strike, beat, thump ; to take a boy by the arms
and legs and knock him against a tree or post.
Wm.^ Bump em 'is chops 1 Der.^, e.An.* Nrf. We was a beat-
ing the bounds of the parish. Din't they just bump that bo-e agin
yon tree (W.R E.) ; Nrf.' Nrf., Su£, w.Sos. Hollowjiy. n Div.
Grose 1790) .VS. add. ( H.)
Hence (i) Bumper, sb. (a) the buffer of a railway
carriage; \b) the heavy weight used in dri\-ing piles; (2)
Bumping, vbl. sb. a punishment inflicted amongst boys ;
(31 Bumpy, adj. uneven. ha\-ing lumps.
I i) n.Lin.1 (2 N.Cy.', Snt' fa; Hmp. Holloway. w.Som.
U bunm-pee soa-urt uv u roa-ud.
2. In phr. to bump against, to fall or nm against with
violence.
N.Cy.* Nhb. (W.G.) ; Nhb.' The keel went bninp agyenst
Jarrow, Allans Coll. 194.
3. To thresh with the flail.
s.Chs. 'Oo bumpt what '00 songad, DARLrsGTOJf Ruth ii. 17.
s.Cbs.i Yurmes-tiir z wTdhu men biimp-in i^thbaa'm[Yiirmester's
wi' the men bump in i' th' bam].
4. To ride without rising in the stirrups, on a trotting
horse.
Nhp.' He goes bumping along. War.^, e.An * Hmp. Hollow.it.
5. sb. A stroke, blow, thump.
Sc He came bump upon me [with a stroke] (J-\m.;. Nhb.*,
Cum.', w.Yks.'
6. The posterior, buttocks.
Wm. Mi feet shot oot an' Ah went o' mi bump B.K.).
Hence Bumpy, sb. the buttocks.
Ayr. She re-ishelled his bumpy weel. Service Dr. Duguid
fi887' 225.
7. A woman's hair, tied into a knot behind. n.Yks.
(I.W.I, w.Yks. (B.K.)
8. A hillock, the escarpment or abrupt termination of a
ridge of high land. e.Yks.' ; ib. MS. add. iT.H.)
9. pi. Blocks of wood placed under a spring-cart, when
too hea\-ily loaded, to relieve the springs. Chs.', s.Chs.'
BUaLP, sb.'^ and v.'^ Sc. Lan. Pern, [bump.]
1. sb. The bittern. Botaurus stellaris. Also in compL
Bump-a-gorse. See Eutter-bnmp.
neXan.'. sJem. : W.M. JI. [Sw.MXSOS Birds (1883^ 147-]
2. The booming sound made by the bittern. ne.Lan.'
3. V. To make a booming sound hke the bittern.
Slk. The bleater came bumping Crora the moss, Hogg Queer Bi.
1832 42.
BUMP, 5*.' Win.Yfcs. [butnp.]
1. Very coarse wool or yam : coarse linen canvas.
Wm. B.K.' ; A robust girl in a short petticoat of Kendal bump,
Brigcs Remains ,1825) 174. Wm., w.Yks. i^R-HJI., w.Yks.
Sedgwick Ment. Coagill Chapel (1808 58.
BUMP
[4+3]
BUNCH
2. Conif). (I) Eunipcap, a cnp niaile of coarse wool or
yarn ; (2) -sheets, sheets made of coarse cotton.
(i) w.Yks. A kind of caps worn by the negroes, called bump-
cnps, HowiTT Rtii: Eng. (1838') I. 309. [2) w.Yks. They'll stacks
a blankits an bumpshcets, Hwwit.R Sheffield Dial. (1839) 172;
(F.K.1; w.Yks.2
BUMP, sb* Wor. A great deal, quantity, lot.
s.Wor. ' It baint so far by a bump.' A w.iy through sume fields was
pointed out to me by which I should save a bump (U.K.).
BUMPER, sb. Yks. Lan. [bump3(r).] Anything
unusually large, well developed. Cf. bumping.
w.Yks. Yond bairn's a bumper ;!! K.). c.Lan.i
BUMPER, V. Sc. Cum. [bumpsr.] To fill to the
brim ; drink the health in a bumper.
Fif. Their glasses soon arc bumper'd to the brim again, Tennant
Aiisler ii8i2) 41, ed. 1871. Ayr. And bumper his horn with him
twenty times o'er, BuKNs IVhistle, st. 8. Cum. Come, bumper the
Cummerlan' lasses, Anderson Ballads i8o8j 175.
BUMPER, num. adj. Obs. w.Yks. Fifteen. Used
by shepherds in scoring sheep. See Bumfitt.
w.Yks. Used at Knarcsborough, Lucas Stud. Aiddcidale (c.
1882) 38 ; Leeds Merc. Snp/'l. (Nov. i, 1884).
BUMPING, /)//. adj. Lan. War. Glo. Brks. Som.
Large, big. Cf. bumper, sb.
Glo.' Brks.' A gid I a bumpin' lot. w.Sora.' 1 calls-n a gurt
buum pccu cheel vor his age.
Hence Bumping weight. p/:>: full weight, overweight.
Lan. If aw'd bin givin' bumpin' weight. Aw d ne'er ha' kep' my
books an' payments straight, Doheuty N. Z)«j7ow (1884') 7. War.*
People expected bumping weight, and if only e.Nact weight were
given the seller was tliought to be greedy and skinny, B'hani
Dy. Gazelle (Jan. 25, 1896'.
BUMPKIN, sb. Cor."* Also in form bunken. A piece
of iron projecting from the bow of a boat to which the jib
is fastened.
[The bumkin in a ship, Chicambaidt, une piece de bois
long & gros, attachee d'un bout, & par le dedans du navire,
avec des amarres au masterel, Sherwood (1672). Boom
(as in jib-boom) + -kin.]
BUMS, sb. pL Sus. The coralline known as ' Dead
Men's Fingers.' (F.E.S.) ; (E.E.S.)
BUM-TO'WEL, sb. Som. Dev. The long-tailed or
bottle titmouse, Acrcdida rosea.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873'. v/.Som.' Aay noans u buiim-tacwulz
nas' wai zab'm agz een un [I know a bottle-tit's nest with seven
eggs in it]. Dev. Swainson Birds (1885; 32.
BUM TURF, ph: Irel. lo cart turf to a town for
sale.
S.Don. Simmons Gl. (i8go).
BUMUP, fi'rfy. Yks. [bu'mup] Completely, entirely.
e.Yks.' He nobbot ga ma a pint o' yal, an' Ah finished it bum-
up at yah sup.
BUN, sb> Sc. Irel. n.Cy. Wm. Yks. Dcr. Lin. Nhp.
Bdf e.An. Also written bune Sc. [bun.]
1. A dry stalk, hollow stem, ' kex,' esp. of Ileracleum
splioudyliinii.
s.Wx'f. He hot me wid a cabbage bun (P.J.M.). n.Cy. Grose
(1790) Siifipl. Wm.l n.Yks. Science Gossip (1882) 66 ; n.Yks.' ;
n.Yks.2 The hollow stems of the hogwecd or cow-parsnip, used
by boys to blow peas through. Also called Kccksies. e.Yks.
Marshall Rii?: Ecoii. (17881. ni.Yks.' Used for candle-spells.
Der.2 Dried nettle-stalks for fire-lightin.g. nw.Der.', e.An.'
2. The dry stalky part of flax or hemp.
Ags. When ilax has not been steeped long enough, so that the
blair, which constitutes the useful part of the plant, does not
separate easily from the core, it is said ' The blair disna clear the
bune' (Jam.j. N.Cy.= n.Lin. N. U" Q. (1852) ist S. v. 375;
n Lin.'
3. The stubble of beans left by the scythe after mowing.
Nhp.' Often cut for burning and lighting fires ; Nhp.^ Bdf.
Batch ELOR Anal. Eng. Lang. (1809).
4. The wild hcs.\icdx>!iTs\ey,Aiitlirisciissylvestns. n.Yks.
5. The liollow end of a cow's horn. w.Yks.-
[1. Flasshes, and lowe places, and all the holowe
bunnes and pypes that growe therin, FrrziiiiRUERT Hiisb.
(1534) 62. OE. bune, ' harundo, calamus,' Hail. MS.
(c. 1000) in Wright's I'oc. (1884) 198.]
BUN, ,si.2 Irel. Yks. Nhp. War. Wor. [bun] A
rabbit. The word is used for calling them to their food.
N.I.', w.Yks. (H.L.\ w.Yks.', Nhp.', War.^, Wor. (J.W.I\)
BUN, s^-.* Sc. Irel. Nhb. [bun.] The tail of a hare or
rabbit ; a\so/ig. the seat.
Sc. Till morning w'e ne'er jeed our bun, Ramsay TeaTobIt
Misc. 1 1724) II. 237, ed. 1871. Kcb. Poor maukin . . . Cocks her
bun in rude defiance of his pow'r, Davidson Seasons (1789) 27.
N.I.' S.Don. Simmons Gl. (i8go\ Nhb.'
[Gael. bun, astump,bnn-/cann, mail (M..\cleod & Dewar);
Ir. bnn (0'Ri;n.i,Y).]
BUN, sb.* Wm. Yks. Lan. Lin. Dev. Cor.
1. A dinner-roll, a small loaf of bread. Wm., Yks. (B.K.)
Hence Bunbread, sb., in phr. to beat to bun-bread, to
administer a severe thrashing. Cor.'
2. Comp. (t) Bun-feast, a public tea, wiiere buns are
eaten; (2) -loaf, plum cake ; (3) -scramble, see -feast.
(i) n.Lin.' Thcr' was a bun-feast at Butterwick llethodis'
Chapil. Dev. a'. 7V;;(fs Mar. 12, 1886 6. (2 Lan. A C. 1 131 Cor.*
[Bignets, buns, Lenten-loaves, Cotor. ; Thow must
square . . . )iy bred clene & evenly, and fat no loof ne
bunne be more fan ofer, Russell Bk. Nurture (c. 1460)
211, in Meals S^ Planners, ed. Furniva'l, 14.]
BUN, sb.^ Yks. Lin. [bun.] Cen. in //. The longitu-
dinal bars in the frame of a harrow, in which the teeth
are fixed, and through which the slots pass. Cf. bull, si.*
w.Yks. :] I.B.I : w.Yks.2 A four bun harrow. n.Lin.'
BUN, sb.° Yks. Lan. [bun.] A bobbin for thread.
w.Yks.3
Hence Bunhorns, sb. pi. briars to wind j-arn on. Lan.'
BUN, sb? se.Wor. A bung. Sometimes also Bun-
cork. (H.K.); (R.M.E.)
[Cp, MDu. bonne, a bung, see Franck fs.v. Bont, i).]
BUN, si." Ken. The excrement deposited by a sheep
on being shorn. (P.M.)
Hence Bun-boy, sb. the boy who waits on sheep-
shearers.
Ken. If a sheep deposits excrement while being shorn there is a
cry for ' Bun-boy,' whose duty it is to cast the bun out of the
shearing place in order that the wool may not be soiled. In
common use (P.M.\
BUN, sb.^ Ags. (Jam.) [Not known to our correspon-
dents.] A large cask placed in a cart, for the purpose of
bringing water from a distance. See Boyne.
BUN, i>. Sc. All n. counties to Dcr. Also Lin. War.
Shr. Also written bund Nhb.' Dur.' Cum. Wm. Lan.
Chs.' Shr.' [bun.]
1. Pret. and pp. Dial, pron.of io«;;rf. See Bind, Bound, /■/*.
2. Camp. Bun-hedge, a hedge of stakes bound together
with twigs.
w.Yks.' Lan. Grose (1790) MS. add. C.^ ; Lan.'. c.Lan.'
BUNCE, sb. and v. Sc. Irel. Lan. Slang, [buns ]
1. sb. A bonus, commission ; profit.
Edb. Used by boys at the High School. When one finds any-
thing, he who cries ' Bunco !' has a claim to the half of it. 'Stick
up for }'0ur bunco ' (Jam.). N.I.' A consideration in the way of
commission given to persons who bring together buyer and seller
at a fiax market. Slang. All over th.at amount being the boys' profit
or bunts, Mayuew Loud. Labour {iSs^'l '. 33 i To sell upon com-
mission, or, as it is termed, for ' bunse,' «'i. I. 470.
2. V. To share money.
Ir. He would not bunse with me (M B.-S.\ N.I.' Bunco the
money. m.Lan.' To bunco at profits is to join at 'cm, or share an'
share alike at 'em.
BUNCH, si.' and !'.' Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
Also in form bunge s.Chs.'; bunse Sc.
I. sb. As a specific measure of quantity.
1. Of wheat : eight gleans or handfuls bound together.
ne.Yks.i Spreead oot t'bunch arses an' then they weean't
whenim'l owcr.
2. Of teazles: (Ess.) 25 heads, (n.Yks.) 10, (Glo.) 20.
Of king's teazles: (Glo.) 10 heads.
Yks., Glo. Morton Cyclo. Agric. (,1863' ; G!o.' Ess. Morton
Cyclo. Agric. (1863"!.
3. Of osiers : a bundle measuring 45 in. round at the
band. Of reeds: a bundle 25 in. round.
Cmb. Morton Cuio. .Igiic. 1^1863 .
3L2
BUNCH
[444]
BUNDLE
4. Of cotton and worsted : six hanks. Of wool : four
hanks. w.Yks.^
II. 1. A group, cluster, collection, company.
Sc. A bunch of candle, Scoticisiits 1,1787^ 23. Wm. Ah'll feit o'
t'bunch o' ye fer a quart o' yal (B.K.). n.Lin.' A bunch of laths.
Nrf. Gimmingham, Trimmingham, Knapton, and Trunch, North
Repps, and South Repps, are all of a bunch, P)ov. in White e.Eitg.
(1865) I. 188. Sur. She lives in one o' that bunch o' cottages
by the Green, A'. & Q. (1878) 5th S. .\. 222.
2. A small drove or herd of cattle ; a flight of plovers, &c.
Hrf.2 Glo.i A bunch of beasts. e.An.l Nrf. A bunch of wild-
fowl, Patterson Man and Nat. (.1895) 14.
3. A bow of ribbons; a posy for the buttonhole.
ne.Lan. (H.M.I Brks. CI. (1852); Brks.' A pramised to buy
muh o' bunch of blue ribbon To tie up my bonnie brown haair.
4. A mass of ore in a lode.
Dev. The bunch of nearly pure metal was before him, Baring-
Gould /. /fo«/i^ u888) 345. Cor.2
Hence (i) Bunch, v. of ore : to be irregularly distributed
in a lode ; (21 Bunchy, adj. in irregular masses.
^I) Dev. The vein ' bunched,' Baring-Gould _/. Herring (1888)
345. (2 Cor.2
5. A swelling.
Hrt. Running a red hot iron through the bunch, Ellis Mod.
Husb. (1750) HI. ii. Ken. (P.M.) Sur.i A swelling when it is
soft and yields to the touch [as disting. from a ' callus']. Sus.^
It came out in bunches all over me. I.W.^ Hmp. (J.R.W.); Hmp.*
6. A blotch or sore.
Hmp. Wise New Forest (1883) 281; Hmp.^ w.Som.' Ee-d
u-guut buun-chez au'l oa'vur dhu fae'us oa un [he had spots or
marks all over his face].
7. An awkward-looking woman or girl.
Ayr., Gall. (Jam. Siipf^i.) e.An.' is.v. Bundle). Dev. That
great idle bunch, Sophy, Sharland Vtll. (1885) 135.
8. Comb, (i) Bunch-berry, the fruit of the stone-bramble,
Riibtis sa.xalilis; (2) — o' fives, a doubled fist.
(i) N.Cy.i Used for tarts. Nhb.', Cum.^, w.Yks.l (2) w.Yks.
Aw felt varry mich inclined to shov a bunch o' fives in his face.
Hartley Tales, 2nd S. 33. Lei.' Ah'll gie ye a bunch o' foives
i' yer feace. War. 3, se.Wor.'
9. In phr. (i) All to a bunch, stumpy, squat; (2) hold
your bunch, hold your tongue, be silent.
(i) w.Som.i Uur leok ud au"l tiie u buunch. (2) Rut.'
10. V. To tie in bunches.
Chs.'; Chs.^Bunchingcarrotsformarket. s.Chs.' Eimzh is slightly
depreciatory in meaning, and conveys the idea of binding together
heterogeneous things, or of binding together a lot of things
carelessly or untidily.
11. Of seed, &c. : to come up thicker in some places than
others; to plant beans in bunches instead of in rows.
Hmp. ( W.M.E.F.) Wil. Davis Agrie. (1813) ; Wil.'
Hence Bunching, vbl. sb. seed sown too closely, several
being put in a hole ; springing in clusters.
Wor. Young Ann. Agrie. (1784-1815). Hmp. She be such seed
for bunchin'. she be (W.M.E.F.).
12. To offer a bunch of flowers.
Ess. The children bunched well t'year, ma'am [bringing flowers
for decoration] A. R.B.W.).
BUNCH, V.2 and sb.'^ Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Not.
Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. e.An. Hmp. Wil. Cor. Also written
bunce Wil.' ; bunse Cuni.^ [bunj, b^nj, buns.]
1. V. To strike with the head, foot, or knee ; to butt at,
kick, push.
N.Cy.', Nhb. (W.G.), Nhb.', Dur.' n.Yks. To a child it is said,
'Thuz bunsh'd dhibiut tias ut, dhu bunshiz dhi feettagidhDr ' (W.H.) ;
n.Yks.' He bunched me wiv his foot. 'Deean't thee coom na
furder, or Ah'll bunch ' ; addressed to a clergyman at the font in
a Dale's church, bj- a juvenile candidate for 'Christening'; n.Yks.'^^
ne.Yks.' Pleeas'm, tell Jane to give ower ; sha bunches an sha
nips. He was fit ti bunch t'deear doon. e. Yks. Bunch him, Ned ;
he scd thoo was a feeal. Mahnd an deean't bunch tonnaps up,
Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889) 24 ; e.Yks.' Ah's not boon to he' mah
lad bunch'd aboot like that. m.Yks.' Limited in application to
persons, not employed yTj-. w.Yks. Or mebbc thoo'll be bunched
aboot Wi' t'barns across o' tfleur, Blackah Poems (1867) 33 ;
w.Yks.'; w.Yks. 5 Ah'll bunch him nobbud let me gehr a sect on
him ! Not. (W.H.S.) n.Lin.' Defendant came to him in a field
and bunched him because he would not drive the horses steadier,
Gansbiirgh News (,May 19, 1877}. Cauvcs bunches thc'r muthcr's
bags as soon as thaay can stan. sw.Lin.' I feel as sore as thofe
I had been bunched. Nhp.' Bunch me up on the wall. Hmp.
WiSENew Forest yiaS3) 281 ; Hmp.', Wil.' Cor.2 Children playing
and running ' head on,' cry out, ' I'll bunch 'ee, I'll bunch 'ee.'
Hence Bunching, ///. adj. Of animals : given to butting
or striking.
Cum. 2 A bunsin cow.
2. Cotiip. Bunch-clot, a clodhopper, a farm labourer.
n.Yks.'2 e.Yks. Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889I 24; e.Yks.' So
called by townspeople. m.Yks.' w.Yks. 3 bunshklot gits lotz
3 fresh ere (W.H. '. n.Lin.'
3. To beat hemp.
e.An.' ; e.An.^ In other days, lads and lasses who had mis-
behaved were sent, not to the treadmill, but to bridewell to bunch
hemp for a destined term.
4. To ofilend, to make angry. Lei.', War.^
5. To be off, to hurry away, 'bunk,' start up.
War.^ ' Now then, bunch quickly,' would be said angrily or
threateningly — as to an impudent tramp. Nrf. As [the geese]
bunched up, Peggy blazed intu 'em, Patterson Man and Nat.
(i895'i 123.
6. To hobble, walk clumsily or with difficulty. Rxb.
(Jam.), n.Yks.2
7. sb. A blow, kick, push, punch.
Sc. Ane gat a bunch o' the wame, Scott Minstrelsy (1802) II.
89, ed. 1848. Dur.' e.Yks. He ga' ma bunch ower mi leg,
Nicholson Flk-Sp. 1 1889^ 24 ; e.Yks.' w.Yks. Grainge Nidder-
dale (1863) 225. Nhp.' Give me a bunch up. Wil.' Gie un a good
bunce in the ribs.
8. The mark from which the spring is made in the
game of leap-frog; the starting-point in a race.
Per. ' Heel the bunch' or ' toe the bunch,' as previously agreed
on iG.W.).
[1. To bunch, percutere. Skinner (1671) ; Bunchon,
tnndo. Prompt. 3. I will reele, and bunch hempe, Corn-
WALLis Disc, oil Seneca (1631) sig. O o 2.]
BUNCHING,/'/'/. «^'. Sc. Dashing in dress or manner,
of imposing appearance.
Sc. An' up I gat twa bunching megs. An' fiU'd the ring, Beatties
Parings {\8o\) i r.
BUNCHY, sb. Som. The Banksia rose.
w.Sora.' I never didn zee my buun'sheez so fine's they be de
year.
BUNCHY, or//. H if Som.
1. Short and stout.
Som. A bunchy little ma.i with a round face, Raymond Love and
Quiet Life (1894) 34. w.Som.' Uur-z u buun'sheeleed-I dhing, uur
aez- [she is a short, fat, little thing, she is].
2. Of celery: rank, coarse.
Hrf.2 Bunchy, busky stufl.
BUND ATION, sA. Shr. Abundance. See Abundatlon.
Shr.' Theer'll be a bundai'shu'n o' fruit o' them ras'b'ry -canes.
BUNDIE, sb?- Or.L Name given to the foil, birds:
(i) the common sandpiper, Tringoides hypoleucus\ (2)
the dunlin, Tringa alpina.
Or.I. SwAiNSON Birds (iBSs") 194, ig6.
BUNDIE, sb?- N.L' The posteriors.
[Conn. w. Ir. bundun, the fundament (O'Rijilly).]
BUNDING, sb. Wm. Der. Also written bunnin',
bunning Der. [bundin, bunin.] A lodgement or stage
connecting the ends of ladders used in a vertical or
' climbing ' shaft ; a platform or cover of planks.
Wm.' Der. Mawe iI/iWra/o.f_)' (1802; ; Buckler, bunnin, brazen-
dish, &c., FuRNESs Medieiis (18361 33.
[Bunnings, Manlove Lead Mines (1653) 257, ed. 1874,
19.]
BUNDLE, sb. and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Eng. and
A men
1. sb. Of barley straw, 35 lbs. ; of oat straw, 40 lbs. ; of
wheat straw, 28 lbs.
Dev. Morton Cycio. Agne. (1863).
2. Of osiers : a quantity tied up together, measuring in
Hmp. 42 inches round the lower band, in Wor. 38 inches.
Wor., Hmp. Morton Cyelo. Agrie, (1863}.
3. A great gust of wind. Dor. (C.V.G.)
4. A large, fat woman ; an opprobrious epithet applied
to a woman.
War, B'ham Wkly. Post June 10, 1893 ; War.'^^^ e.An.'
BUND-WEED
[445]
BUNGER
5. A ' frog's hornpipe.'
w.Yks.^ Doncin' a bundil.
6. In pi. a game of cards. Ilinp.'
7. V. To go oft" in a hurry, g^cti. witli prep. off.
Wm. Pack up tlii traps an' bundle oot o' mi seet (B. K.). w.Yks.
Thah can bundle thisen ofTassooin as thali'samind (I'A.). Hrf.^He
bundled off. Brks.' L's bundled pretty slierp, I can tell 'e. Sus.^,
Hmp.i Wil. Slow Gl. ^1892). Dor.> She scream'd, an' bundkd
out o' house, 278.
8. With prep, doivn : to fall violently.
Ess. Oh! smack he bundled down, Clark _/! Noahcs (1839) 22.
9. To sleep in one's clothes on the same bed or couch
with (as was formerly common in Wales and New Eng.).
Wal. The Welsh folk-lorists do not 'bundle' at their solemn
meetings, 5a/. Review (1889) LXVIII. 319. s.Pem. Laws Lil//e
/i;;^. ( 1888) 419. [New Eng. Van Corlcar stopped occasionally in
the villages to eat pumpkin pies, dance at country frolics, and
bundle with the Yankee lasses, Iuving Knickerbocker (1809)
(Bartlett).]
Hence Bundling, vbl. sb. See below.
Cum., Wra. A custom, formerly in vogue, of a betrothed pair
going to bed in their clothes, Brand Pop. Aniicj. (ed. 18701 11. 56.
[In the majority of those counties in which the per centage of
female offenders is inordinately great, that peculiar form of court-
ship which is termed ' bundling,' or some equally loose modification
of it, is known to prevail, Maymew Prisons (i862_) 461.]
10. To live in a state of concubinage.
Enff.* Term in use among the agricultural servants.
BUND-'WEED, sb. Sc. c.An. Also written bunweed
Suf, and in form bunds e.An.' Name given to various
plants: (i) Cciitaiiira nigra; (2) Scabiosa siiccisa, de\i\'a-
bit; {2) Seiiedojacobaea,-!:sig-we.cd; (\) Herackumsphoitdy-
liuiii, cow-parsnip.
(I) e.An.i Nrf.' Much infesting grass land. (2) e.An.i (3) Sc.
The witches alwaj-s went by air on broom-sticks and bunweeds
instead of venturing by \vater in sieves, Blackw. Mag. (June 1830)
266 (Jam.). Enf.' (4) Suf.'
BUNE, see Boon, Bun.
BUNE-HOUSE, sb. Sh.I. Also written byunesa. A
church.
Sh I. I, Co//. L.L.B.'l S. fit Ork.i
[Lit. a 'prayer-house'; cp. ON. bdita-lnis, a chapel;
see J.\KOBSEN Xorr. Sprog (iSg-j) 94. Sec Boon, sb.^]
BUNEMOST, adj. Sc. Cum. Also written been- Bnft'.' ;
boon- Sc. ; beunnmest Cum.' Uppermost. See Aboon.
Sc. Tarn o' the linn, he had three bairns. They fell in the fire, in
each other's arms ; ' Oh,' quo' the boonmost, ' I've got ahet skin';
' It's better below,' quo' Tarn o' the linn, CHAHiikKS Pof). Rhymes
('18701 33. Bnff.i, Abd. ',G.\V.) Lnk. He pits the workin man in
his richt place, an' that's bunemost. Hunter J. Imvick 1,18951 9'-
Cum,*
BUNEWAND, sb. Sc. Yks. Also written bunnen,
bunwand Yks. ; bunnon n.Yks.'*
1. Hciadeitm sphondylinin, cow-parsnip. See Bun, sb}
Sc. (Jam.) n.Yks. Science Gossip (1882) 66; n.Yks.'^
2. The dock.
Ags. The produce of these neglected stripes is generally a coarse
grass intermixed with docks (Sc. Bunewands), Blackw. Mag.
(Aug. 1818) 125 (jAM.l.
[1. Some buckled on a bunwand, and some on a been,
MoNTGOMERIE FlvUllg (cd. 1629) 276.]
BUN-FIRE, se'e Burn-fire.
BUNG, sb.^ and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. sb. Cuiiip. (i) Bung-ball, a small leather ball such as
children play with ; (2) -dock, the custom of docking a
horse's tail ; (3) -grog, the washings of spirit-casks ; (4)
-stodged, sated, well-fed ; (5) -tail, the tail of a draught-
horse, which has been docked ; (6) -tailed, having a
docked tail. Cf bunged.
(I'lBdf. For some unexplained reason, this sport is connected
with Shrove Tuesdaj*. It seems to be the frail, surviving emblem
of the sports of a carnival (J.W.B.). (2) Suf. Rainbird Agnc,
(i8ig) 289, ed. 1849 ; Suf.' (3) n.Lan.' (4) War. I'm bung-
stodged and' jammed full (N.R."). (5) e.An.i (6_) Suf. Rainbird
Agric. (T8igl 289, ed. 1849 1 (F-H.)
2. V. To stop up, cram, close up as with a blow ; gcii. in
phr. lo bung up one's eye ; alsoy?.;,''., see below.
Nhb.i The cundy's bung'd up wi' clarts. He gat sic a bat it
bung'd his ej'c up. e.Yks. Bung his ces up for him, he desahves
it, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (18891 24 ; We're fair bung'd up wiv wahk,
I.ecds Merc. Siippl. (Jan. 16, 18921 ; e.Yks.' MS. add. (T.H.)
w.Yks. His eyes are bunged up wi' cold (J.T. . Lan. (F.R.C.)
Stf.2 Applied to stopping any hole. Not'^ n.Lin.' Th' mohds hcs
bung'd up the suffs in Naathan-Land. Sus., Hnip. To bung your
eye, to drink until a person is so drunk that he cannot see,
HoLLoWAY. nw.Dev.' 1 can't bung it into the 'aid o'n nohow.
Hence Bung, sb. a blow, with the idea of stopping
something up ; a crash, bang.
Sh.I. Ta da door comes a aafil-laek bung, Burgess Rasmie
(1892) 10. Bnff.' He flew till's wark wee a bung. Stf.^ Oil gi 6i
a bung i 'S laroul.
3. To throw with force. Also a schoolboy's term : to
knock against a tree.
Al)d. ( Iam.) Brks. To perform the ceremony of 'bunging'
(W.H.E.).
Hence Bunging, vbi. sb. the ceremony of bumping
a new boy against a tree.
Brks. Employed by the other boys as a process of initiating the
new boy to what might be called the freedom of their society.
' Have j'ou got your bunging yet ? ' (W. H.E. )
4. To fly into a fit of bad humour ; to walk quickly with
a haughty air ; to incur a person's displeasure.
Bnfi.' Y'ive bungt 'im at ye. He bungt at it at aince, an' wid
hae naething mair t'dee wee't
Hence (i) Bung, sb. ill-temper, sometimes in phr.
to take a bung, to take offence; (2) Bunging, ppl. adj.
hasty, violent ; (3) Bungy, adj. petulant, touchy.
(ij Sc. But now the lave are i' the bung, Beaities Parings
(1801) 30. Abd. He's hame nae time syne in a terrible bung,
Alexander Joliiiiiy Gibb 1,1871; xxv. (2) Bnff.i (3) Sc. (.Jam. ,1
5. To emit a buzzing or twanging sound as of something
thrown through the air. Hence (i) Bung, si. the sound
produced when a stone is thrown through the air; the
act of throwing a stone in this way ; (2) Bung-tap, sb. a
humming-top. Sc. ( (am.)
BUNG, s6.2 Chs. Stf [bur).]
1. A lot, a large quantity.
s Chs.' Dhu z tuvvd u praatibiingg u lahj-z [Tha's towd a pratty
bung o' lies].
2. PoUery term : a pile of dishes or plates.
Stf.- or kan kari foiv duzn o pleit i won bung. [• Bungs of
saggers' are piles of saggers filled with ware and placed in the oven,
one on the top of the other, until the roof of the oven is reached,
67. Lab. (1894).]
BUNG, sb.^ Sc. Nhb. Cum. Nhp. [bur).]
1. A worthless person ; one who is very lively.
Nhb.* It is ver3- usual to call a person 'a lazy bung,' 'an idle
bung.' Cum. She's a girt bung !,E.W.P.\ Nhp.^
2. An old worn-out horse. Sc. (Jam. ), Per. (G.W.)
BUNG, s6.* Sc. (Jam.) [Not known to our correspon-
dents.] The instep of a shoe.
BUNG, adj Sc. Bdf. Intoxicated.
Sc. Poor Willie by this time was bung, Jasiieson Pop. Ballads
(1806) I. 296. Lnk. Changed her mind when bung That verj' day,
Ramsay Poents (,1725) I. 268, ed. 1800.
Hence (1) Bung-full, adj., (2) Bungle, adj. tipsy, in-
toxicated.
(i) Rnf. Whan a rake's gaun hame bung-fu', Picken Poems
' 1785) 52 (Jam.), (a) e.Sc (Jam.) Bdf. Bungi, Batchelor Anal.
Ens;. Lang. (1809).
BUNGAY-PLAY, sb. e.An.' Nrf.' A way of playing
whist by leading all winning cards in succession, without
finesse.
[From 'Bungay,' the name of a town in Suffolk.]
BUNGE, see Bunch.
BUNGED, ppl. adj. Suf Of a horse's tail : docked.
Cf. bung, sb."" 1 (2, 3, 6).
Suf. Rai.nuird Agnc. (1819) 289. ed. 1849 ; Suf.*
BUNGELBERRY, sb. Obs.
bramble, Rubus sa.xalilis.
Cum. Hutchinson Hist. Cinn. 1794
BUNGER, V. Brks. Sus. Som.
To do anvthing awkwardly.
Sui.'- 'Som. Cooper G/. (18531.
Hence Bungersorae, adj. clumsy, unwieldj'.
Brks. Grose ^1790;; Nichols Bibl. Top. Brit. 1,1790
Cum. The stonc-
I. App. 41.
[bBr)g3(r), bB-n23(r).]
IV. 56;
BUNGEY
[446]
BUNKS
Gl. (1852) ; Brks.i That ther bundle o' zacks be too bungerzome
vor I to car. A be a bungerzome zart o' chap.
[Cp. buiigerly, clumsily. Buiigerly done, infabre, Baret
(1580).]
BUNGEY, sA.i Stf. Also written bungy Stf.2 [bu-ggi.]
1. A bricklayer's assistant. Stf.'
2. A general factotum ; a drudge.
Stf.^ Tum'z gon far bei bungi far dh' parsan. Ya won av mi ta
bi 3'or bungi.
BUNGEY, sb? Wil. Name given in derision to the
inhabitants of Imber, near Heytesbury. (G.E.D.)
BUNGLE, sb. and v. Sh.I. 1. sb. A clod or other hard
substance used as a missile to pelt with. 2. To throw
a sod or turf at a person. S. & Orlc'
BUNGLEMENT, sb. Glo. [bB-gglment.] Confusion,
mismanagement.
Glo. If the Vicar's given the orders, there'll be a bunglement ;
I knows 'un (A.B.V
BUNGLESOME, adj. Ken. [bu-qglsam.] Muddled,
tangled, confused. (A.E.C.) ; (P.M.)
BUNGO"W, 5*. sw.Lan. An idiot. (II.M.)
BUNGUMS, 5*. pi. Yks. [bu-rjsmz.] A game at
marbles.
w.Yks.2 Four holes are made in the ground, three of them being
in a row, and the fourth at some little distance from the others.
Two or three boj'S stand by the fourth hole and bowl their taws
in turn to the first of the three holes, and then to the second and
third. It is agreed before the game begins that the boy whose
taw is the last to get into the last hole must lay his hand on the
ground with the knuckles upwards, about three feet from the last
hole, to be shot at by the taws of the other boys. This last hole
is called the ' old lass.' As soon as the last boy has bowled his
taw into the 'old lass' he shouts, ' Knuckle down and bird eggs,'
whilst the other boys immediately shout, ' Lights up and no bird
eggs,' and the party which is the first to say these words has the
choice. If the cry ' Knuckle down and bird eggs' is first heard,
the last boy can put his taw between his knuckles, and the other
boys must shoot at him with their knuckles in the last hole. Any
boy who hits the taw between the knuckles cannot shoot again.
If the cry ' Lights up and no bird eggs ' is first heard, the boys
may put one hand into the hole, and rest the other hand thereon,
so that they may shoot with greater force, and in this case the last
boy cannot put his taw between his knuckles. Then they each
have the full number of shots at the knuckles agreed on at the
commencement of the game.
BUNGY, adj. and sb. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written
bungee Som. [bBggi.]
1. adj. Short and squat.
Som. "W. & J. Gl. 11873) ; ^W.F.R.> w.Som.i Puurdee lee dl
au s— u leedl tije- buung-gee luyk [pretty little horse— a little too
squat and short]. Bungy old fuller like, all ass an' pockets.
Dev. Reports Provinc. (1877) 128. nw.Dev.'
2. Stupid, clumsy. Cor.^
3. sb. A person who is short and stout ; anything thick
and squat.
Som. Jennings Dial. zv.E>ig. (1869). Dev. He's a nice little
chap, sure 'nuff; a proper little bungy. Bungy 'pon truckles, All
vlaish an' no knuckles, Hewett Peas. Sf>. (1892).
BUN-HEDGE, see Bun, v.
BUNHILL, sb. Nhp.» A bunion.
BUN-HOLE, s6. Yks. [bun-oil.] A game at marbles,
a diminutive form of the game of golf See Bungums.
w.Yks.2 [A', c- Q. (1855) ist S. xii. 344.]
BUNJEL, sb. Sc. Also written binjel. A bundle of
hay. straw, &c. Per. (G.W.), Gall. ( |am. SiippL)
BUNJELL, sb. Nhp.= A hard blow.
BUNK, sh.^ Sc. A chest which also serves for a seat.
Cf. benk, sb. 1, bunker, si.' 1.
Frf. Blinder was in the bunk pulling the teeth of his potatoes,
Bakrie Toiiiiiiy 1 1896) 121. Per. A long wooden seat in the form
of a sola with a panelled back and no padding (G.W.).
BUNK, s6.2 Nrf Suf Name given to var. plants:
d) any large hollow-stemmed Uinbellifcrae (Nrf Suf);
(2) Coiiiiiiu iiiaculaliiin (Nrf); (3) the roots of Convolvu-
lus sepiuiii (Nrf.).
BUNK, II.' e.Yks. [buijk.] To put up the back like
a cat. (W.W.S.)
BUNK, v.'^ Dev. [bBqk.] To blindfold in the game
of hide-and-seek. See Bunky-bean.
n.Dev. Let us bunky Ned. . . . I've vound 'e out, And you'll be
bunked ta last. Rock Jim an' Nell 1 1867) st. 27, 30.
BUNKAS, sb. e.An. [bB-qkas.] A confused crowd.
e.An.', Nrf.' Suf.' Kinda !— what a bunkas on 'em.
BUNKEN, see Bumpkin.
BUNKER, sb.' Sc. Irel. Nlib. Dur. Also in form
bonker Nhb.' ; bunkert, bunkart Sc. [bugkar.]
1. A chest, window-seat which forms a chest, settle.
Sc. No seat accommodated him so well as the bunker at Wood-
end, Scott Mullolhinn (18181 viii ; Johnstone was sitting in the
bunker by the fireside. Whitehead Daft Davie (,1876) 283, ed.
1804. S. & Ork.' A large chest for containing meal. Ayr. A
winnock bunker in the east. Burns Tant o Sliantcy {i']go) 1. 119.
Lnk. Ithers frae a(T the bunkers sank, Ramsay Poems (ed. 1800)
I. 280. Slk. She's sittin on a bunker by her lane, Chr. North
Aoctes (ed. 18561 111. 307. Nhb.'
2. An earthen seat in the fields ; a bank by a roadside ;
a large heap of stones, clay, &c.
Sc. While snaw the frosty bunkarts theeks, Tarras Poems
18041 106 (Jam.). Bnff.' Abd. The fishers . . . built an open
bunkart or seat to shelter them from the wind, State Leslie (1805)
146 f Jam.\ N.I.'
3. The desk of a schoolmaster or precentor in a church.
Lth. They brunt my taws, my wig they hid, Syne lap upon the
bunker lid, Ballantine Poems (1856) 139; He most frequently
occupied the ' desk,' as the precentor's seat was called (sometimes,
however, the ' bunker'), Strathesk Bliiikbomty (^ed. 1891J 107.
4. An inequality in the surface of ice.
Lth. Yet bunkers aften send aglee, Altho' they weel did ettle.
Cullers' Sitg., Strathesk More Bits (ed. 1885") 274.
5. A small sand-pit, a roadside channel.
Sc. What j"ou might call a bunker, a little sand-pit, Scott Redg.
(1824') Lett. X. N.I.' Ant. He tumbled into a bunker, Ballymcna
Obs. (1892.
6. Comp. Bunker-coal, the coal used by a steain-ship for
its own consumption during the voyage.
Nhb., Dur. Bunker coals are abundant, no improvement in
prices, Newc. Dy. Leader (July 6, 1896). [The coal . . . stored in
the 'bunker,' Gl. Lab. (1894).]
BUNKER, sb.'^ Nrf. [bB-qk3(r).] One who fails to
face danger.
Nrf. Cozens-Hardy Broad Nrf. (1893^ 92.
[Der. oi bunk (colloq. and slang), to be off, to run
awaj'.]
BUNKER, sb.^ Not. Suf [bB-qk3(r).]
1. A blow, bang.
Suf. He slipped and hit his nose such a bunker (J.H.\
2. A defeat in a game. In marbles : total loss.
s.Not. We bet 'em in one innins ; it vvor a bunker (J.P.K.\
BUNKER, V. Sus. Anier. [bB-rjkafr).] To win at a
game ; to outdo another in feats of agility ; hence, to leap
over.
e. Sus. Can you bunker that hedge? Holloway. Sus.' To jump
better [than another] over a gate, ditch, wall, or hedge. [Amer. ,
Miss. 1 bunkered him, Dial. Notes (1896) I. 220]
BUNKER-HEADED, adj Cor.'^ [bB-qkar-edid.] In
phr. biinki-r-licadcd fools, fools with head full of rubbish.
BUNKERS, sb. pi. e.An.' [bB-qkaz.] Name given
to anj' large rank-growing weed, e.g. Care.x caespitosa.
BUNK-EYE, sb. War. [bu-nk-ai.] A person who
squints, or has the eye half closed.
War.^Bunk-ej'e,Squint-ej-e,went to the fair. Bought two horses,
and one was a mare, One was blind, and the other couldn't see,
Bunk-eye, Squint-eye, one, two, three ! Street rhyme.
Hence Bunk-eyed, ppl. adj. squinting, having the eye
half closed. War.=
BUNKING, ppl. adj. Obsol. vv.Yks. Ess. Fat, large.
w.Yks. N. & Q. (1854) 1st S. X. 400. Ess. (,W.W.S.)
BUNKLE, sb. Sc. A stranger.
Ags. The dog barks because he kens 3-on to be a bunkle (Jam.X
BUNKS, sb."- e.An.' Nrf.' Suf [bBgks.] -A rablit.
Sec Bun, sb.'^
BUNKS, 5i.= e.An. [bBrjks.] The wild chicory,
Cichoriuni iitlybus.
e.An.', Nrf.' ' Suf. Siieiicc Gossip ^1883' 113.
BUNKST
[447!
BUNT
BUNKST, />A Not. [burkst.] A boy's word when
playing at marbles, ' cleaned out,' without a marble left,
bankrupt. Also tunkst up.
s.Not. I'm biirikst. Sli.ill ycr set uz up again ? (J.P.K.) Not.'
Ail c.Tan't pl.iy no more. All biinltst.
BUNKUM, adj. Obsol. w.Yks. Of imported beef:
tough, stringy.
w.Yks. In .1 comic paper fc. I865^ there was a narrative of the
struggles of the purchaser of a piece of bunkum beef ,F.K. V
BUNKUS, see Bronkus.
BUNKY-BEAN, sh. Dev. Also in forms buggy bane,
buckee bene. [bi3r)ki-bin.l A game of hide-and-seek.
n.Dev. Lusus puerilis in tcnebris, vulgo, ' shall I come away.'
Buggy Buggy (vel Buckee Buckee) bidde Bane, Is the way now
fair and clean, Is the goose gone to nest. And the fox ygone to
rest, Shall I come away? Grose ( i 790) ..1/5. add. (,H.) ; Try a game
o'bunky-bcan bam bye, Rock Jim an Kill 1867'! st. 27. nw.Dev.'
BUNNACK, sh. S. & Ork.' A lump, a large bone.
BUNNED./>/i. Dor. [bB nd.] Shrunk. Dor. G/. (1851).
BUNNEL, sb. Sc. Cum. \Vm. Yks. Lan. Also written
bunnle Sc. [bunl.] Name given to the dried stalks of:
(i) Wdm^, Cannabis saliva; (2) Cow-parsnip, //craf/<';(;«
spliondyliiim \ (3) ^2i%\\ox\.,Senecio jacohaea. See Bun, s6.'
(i) Cum. Used by smokers to light their pipes. Grose (1790 ;
C/. 185O. w.Yks. Hurro.N 7'oHr ^o C(iPf5(i78i). ne.Lan.' Hemp
bunncls is good to nowt. (2,1 Lnk. (Jam.) Cum.' Used for candle
lighters. Wm. It snapt like a bunnel, Gibson Leg. and I\'olcs
I 1877 20; Wm.' (31 Slk. ij-^"-)
BUNNELL, sb. Wor. Shr. [bBnl.] A drink made
from crushed apples after nearlj' all the juice has been
extracted for cider; also applied to any kind of drink.
s.Wor. PoRSo.N Quaint IVds. (1875) 12 ; s.Wor.' Shr.' The
chief ingredient is water.
[A small thin wine . . . much like our bunnel, in the
Perry-countrey, Robertson P/iras. 1 1693) 1327.]
BUNNEN, see Bunewand.
BUNNERTS, sb. pi. n.Sc. (Jam.) Yks. The cow-
parsnip, Hcraclriiin sphoiidyliuiii.
[Bminerl for biin-ii'orl, see Bun, si.']
BUNNOCK, see Bannock.
BUNNY, sb.'- Chs. Stf. War. "Wor. Glo. Ken. Sur. Dev.
Also written bonny Dev. A rabbit ; in coiiip. (i) -backed,
having high and somewhat round shoulders; (2) -boy, a
rabbit; (3I -mouth, the plant Aiilin/iiuiiiii tnajits; (4)
•rabbit, (a) a child's name for a rabbit, (b) see -mouth.
See Bun, sb.'^
fi, n.Dev. Grose ^17901 M.S. add. (H.") '2) Glo. (A.B.) fs^
Ken., Sur. U- " Chs.', Stf.^, War. (J.R.W.), Wor. (J.'W.P.:
(i) Dev.
BUNNY, .si.2 Chs. e.An. Cor. Also written bunney
Suf ; bonie Ess. [buni, bBni.]
1. A swelling, ^.n'c«. one arising from a blow.
Chs. '^, e.An.' Nrf. Ray (169IJ; (,K.); Co;^ens-Hardy /j;o«r/
A'lf. (1893) 85 ; Wall, wall, never mind, we'll put a leetle
brown paper and wincgar on the bunny (^W.R.E.); Nrf.' Suf.
Grose (1790); Used only of a swelling on the head (F.H.).
Ess. (K.)
2. Mining term : a sudden enlargement or bunch of ore
in a lode.
Cor.2 A bunny of ore (s.v. Pipe). [A'. & Q. (1877) 5th S. viii.
"3-1
[Bony or grete knobbe, ffibbiis, Prompt. OFr. biiyiie,
a swelling from a blow (GoDiiKRov) ; see Hat/.feld (s.v.
BUNNY, Ai.3 Sus. Ump. I.W. Wil. [bEni.]
1. A ' chine,' gully on the sea-coast, wooded glen, ravine.
Hmp. The chink or narrow rift in the cliff-line ... is known in
the New Forest as a bunny, Hlackmore Oorfori A'oitr// (,1873;
Intiod.; The glen, or 'bunny,' as it is locally called, runs right
down into the sea. Wise Neiu Forest (1883; 147 ; Hmp.' Chewton
Bunny, Beckton Bunney.
2. A culvert, a short covered drain connecting two
ditches.
Sus. In the ' bunny's ' \sic\ or culverts some fish up to 31b. weight
are occasionally secured, Fishing Gazette (Mar. 26, 1887) 197;
(F.A.A.) ; Sus.' Laid under a road or gateway to carry olT the
water. Hmp. Grose (1790) MS. add.(C.); (,W.M.Ii.F.) ; Hmp.',
I.W. 2
3. A brick arch or wooden bridge, covered with earth
across a ' drawn ' or ' carriage ' in a water-meadow, just
wide enough to allow a hay-wagon to pass over. Wil.'
4. A small pool of water. I.W.'
BUNSE, sec Bunce, Bunch.
BUNT,5Z-.' Lin. Nhp. lidf lint, [bunt, bunt]
1. Sometimes in pi. The smut in wheat caused by
Tilhlia caries.
Lin. No number of winnowings would act as a preventive against
bunt, Cliron. (Dec. 19, 1896). s.Lin. Theer's a lot o' bunts i' the
wheat-crop ta 'ear (T.H.R.j. Nhp. Grose (1790; MS. add. (P.) ;
Nlip.'2 Bdf. Batchelor ^Hd/. £»^. Z.««^. (1809. Hnt. (^T.P.F. 1
[Thcordinary dressings "with which seed-corn is' pickled .'to prevent
bunt or smut, . . . destroyed the vitality of a considerable portion
of the seed. Standard i^Oct. 21, 1889 2.]
Hence (i) Bunted,///, adj., (2) Bunty, adj. Of wheat :
smuttj'.
(I' Lin. The bunted wheat, Mii.i.er & Skertciily Fcnland 1878)
X ; As a practical fanner he would not sow bunted seed if he knew
it, Chron. (Dec. 19, 18961. n Lin. His crop of oats was bunted,
that is, although the greater part was long and of a dark green
colour, promising a good yield, there were irregular patches,
here and there, very short and yellow, which would produce little
or nothing i,E. P. \ Nhp.' (2) Lin. If he sowed bunty seed he
should expect to reap bunty crop, Cl-.roii. (Dee. 19, 1896). Nhp.'
2. A defective ear of wheat.
L'n ' Half corn and half chafT.
3. The pufl'-ball, Lycopcrdoit bovisla.
Nhp.' When ripe they emit a kind of brown farina ; an idea
prevails that the dust of the pufl'-ball causes blindness.
BUNT, sb.'^ and f.' Obsol. Yks. Lan.
1. sb. A bundle, made by a weaver, of the pieces of
material which he has woven.
w.Yks. I've nobbet bed wun bunt this last three weeks, Peter
Piekingpeg ( 1838) 5 ; Bunts at ah tuck tut wareas, Tom Treddle-
HOVLE Bairns/a Ann. (1847) 8.
2. V. Weavers' term : to pack up and carrj- home pieces
of cloth to the manufacturer; gen. in phr. lu ffo buiiling.
w.Yks. Aw used to goa buntin mysel, H'arty Rhymes : 1894)
32; Aw'm buntin to-morn. Aw've bin a buntin an' drawn the brass
D.L); Ah reckon Ihah bunted yesterday (B.K.). Lan. D.wiES
Races ,1856) 273 ; Lan.'
[Cp. Sw. bunt, a bundle ; Da. blind/.]
BUNT, sb.^ Wor. Sus. Hmp. Wil. [bunt.]
1. A small faggot or bundle of wood.
Sus. (F.A.A.) e.Hinp. Bunts are distinguished from bavins by-
being shorter (H. CM. li. .
2. A handful of straw used to stop up a hole, light
a fire, c'tc.
s.Wor. A good bunt o' straw (H.K.).
3. A short, thick-set person. Wil.'
4. A short, thick needle.
Wil.' A tailor's bunt.
BUNT, sb." Cor. Naut. [bent.]
1. The middle part of a sail formed into a bag, that the
sail may gather more wind.
Cor. Quiller-Couch Hist. Polperro (1871) 106; Cor.' 2 Naut.
In furling, the strongest and most experienced stand in the slings
(or middle of the yard) to make up the bunt, Dana Bej. the Mast,
26 ^C.D. I.
2. The bagging part of a fishing-net.
Cor. The middle of the tuck-seine is formed into a hollow or
bunt, Household Wds. (1855) X. 130 ; The fish become collected in
the hollow bunt of the tuck-seine, ih. 131 ; The volyer . . . has
another seannet . . . differing from . . . the stop-scan in h,-iving a
hollow or bunt in the middle, QuiLLER-CoucH Hist. Polpcrm
(1871) 106; Cor.'s
[1. Bunt (sea-term), the bag, pouch, or middle part of
a sail, which serves to catch and keep the wind, as the
bunt holds much leeward wind, i.e. tlie bunt hangs too
much to the leeward, Phillips (1706). Perh. the same
word as Bunt, sb.'^]
BUNT, si';.^ Shr.' The third swarm of bees from one
hive.
BUNT.si.s Sc. Lin. [bimt] The tail of a rabbit or hare.
Sc. A strolling hound Had near hand catch'd me by the bunt,
A. Scott Poems (1805) 79 (Jam ). Lin. Streatfeild Lin. and
Danes ''i884"l 320. n.Lin.', sw.Lin.'
BUNT
[448]
BUNTLING
BUNT, vP- Chs. Stf. Lei. Nhp. War. Won Shr. Hrf.
GIo. Oxf. Bi-ks. e.An. Ken. Sus. Wil. Dor. Dev. [bunt,
bBnt.] To push, butt, strike with the liead, horns, or
feet; to bump ; to raise, lift up. Cf bunch, v?-
s.CIis.^ Quarrelsome boys often bunt one another, instead of
fighting with the fists, Stf.' ; Stf.^ 3 drunkan men buntid agen ar
Sah last neit, an nokt ar dain. Lei.' The poony had use to bunt at
the door wi' it nose. Nhp.' To kick or strike with the feet ; Nhp.^
Bunt me up. War.^ The calf is beginning to bunt. s.Wor. Porson
Quaint IVds. (1875) ; s.Wor.', se.Wor.', Shr.', Hrf.'^ Glo. (A.B. ;
Glo.' To bunt, as a lamb striking the udder with its nose. Oxf. A child
bunts when it springs in the arms to raise itself up (K.) ; Oxf.'
Bunt n uup aartuur uuy, uol ee ? [Bunt'n up arter I, 661 ee ?]
Brks. Gl. (1852). Brks.', e.An.' N.f. (A G.F.) ; Nrf.' Take
care, j'inder old cow bunts. Ken. i P.M.) ; Ken.' De old brandy-
cow bunted her and purty nigh broke her arm. Sus.' To rock a
cradle with the foot. Wil. Bcvis . . . told two of them to ' bunt '
Charlie up one of the ash-trees till iie could grasp a branch.
Jefferies Bevis (1882) x ; Wil.', Dor.' Dev. Do not let the cow
bunt you. Reports Proviiic. [ 1889^.
Hence (i) Bunt, sb. a blow, push, lift up; also used in a
quasi-adv. sense ; (2) Bunting, ppl. adj. butting.
(i) Lei.' A coom bunt right up agen me. A wur gooin full bunt
agen the poost. Nhp. ^ Give me a bunt. Erks.' *Gie us a bunt up'
is the phr. used by a boy when he wishes another to raise him
from the ground on his attempt to mount a tree. £us.' A bunt is
described to me as a push with a knock in it, or a knock with a
push in it. ' I'll give you a middlin' bunt prensley if you doant
keep still.' Wil.' (2) Dev. They didn't coalvarty es bed Down ta
tha ' Bunting Tups,' Rock Jim an' Nell ' 18671 st. 109.
[And I have brought a twagger for the nones, A bunting
lamb, Peele Pan's (1584) i. i.J
BUNT, v.^ Sc. Irel.
1. To hurry, hasten, run away.
Bwk. Auld Hipperty Clinch o' Edrom town, To Kelloe's laird
gaed buntin' down, Henderson Pop. Rhymes (.1856) 98. N.L'
2. With prep. /or : to attend to, look after.
Lth. Tho' I was born armless, an' aye unco wee. My Maggy was
muckle, an' bunted for me, B.\llantine Poems (1856) 92.
BUNT, I'.* Oxf [bBnt.] To plait, twist, or coil the
hair at the back of the head.
Oxf.' Uur bunts uur aar uup nuuw [Er bunts 'er ar up now"!.
Hence Bunt, sb. a plait or twist, coiled at the back of
the head.
Oxf.' Uuy sh doo muuy aaT in u bunt suon [1 sh'll do my ar in
a bunt suuM '.
BUNT, v.^ and sb.'' n.Cy. (?) Ken. Sus. Hmp. Som. Dev.
Cor. [bunt, b^nt.]
1. V. To sift bran from wheaten flour through a fine
sieve after it has been newly ground. Cf bolt, 7'.'
n.Cy. Grose {1790) MS. add. ('P.) Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.'", Hmp.'
Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. iv.Eng. (18251. n.Dev. Grose (,1790)
MS. add. (H.) Dev.^, Cor.' 2
Hence (i) Bunter, sb. a machine for cleaning corn ; (2.)
Bunting, sb. a kind of cloth of which sieves are made ;
(3) Bunting-house, sb. an outhouse where the meal is
sifted ; (4) -hutch, sb. the bin in which the meal is sifted ;
(5) -room, see -house.
(i) Sus.' (2) s.Cy. The material of which ships' flags are made,
HoLLOWAY. Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825). n.Dev.
Grose (1790) Af5. add. (H.) (3, 4) Ken,' (5) n.Cy. Grose (1790)
MS. add. (P.)
2. sb. A bolting-mill, a machine for dressing flour.
Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eiig. (1825 . w.'Som.' n.Dev.
Hunt Hid Ned the michard in a bunt. And fairly squeezed en droo'.
Rock Jiiu an' Nell 1 1867 1 st. 104.
3. Bolting-cloth.
Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. zv.Eng. fi825\
[1. pe ilke [let bontej) |-et mele, Jict to-del|) )ict flour uram
)>e bren, Ayenbi/e (1340) 93. (4) Item in the buntting
house, one bunting hutch, two kneading showles, a meale
tub. Easily Mini. (16001 226 (Ken.').]
BUNTER, sb.^ Lin. Rut. Cmb. Lon. [bu-nt3(r),
bBnta'r).]
1. A man or woman engaged in gathering rags and
bones in the streets. Cf bunt, sb.^
Lon. Bunters. with bits of candle between their fingers,
and baskets on their heads, Parker Lo:v Life (1764) 9; Great
trafficking among the bunters in Rotten-Row, . . . for rags and
bones, ib. 30 ; Old women alone gathered the substance, and they
were known by the name of ' bunters,' Mayiiew Lond. Labour
(1851) H. 142, ed. 1861.
2. A disreputable woman.
n.Lin.' Bunters attending the archbishop's door. Coll. Epigrams
(■737) II- 73- Rut.' She stood at the gate and called me a bunter.
Cmb.' As bad as the bunters in Tiger Alle^'. Lon. A class of
women technically known as ' hunters,' who take lodgings, and
after staying some time runaway without payingtheirrent, May'hew
Lond. Labour \^iB^\) II. 142, ed. i86r.
[1. Bunter, a gatherer of rags in the streets for the
making of paper, B.\iLEy (1721).]
BUNTER, sb.'^ Ken. [bBnta(r).] A large migratory
bird.
e.Ken. Found in winter, otherwise called Greyhead, orGreyback
i,W.F.S.i.
BUNTER, sb.^ Ken. [bB-ntafr).] A dun cow (P.M.).
[Cp. Du. eeii bonte koe, a pide (pied) covve (Hexham).]
BUNTIN, si^. Nhb. [bu'ntin.] The cone of a fir-tree.
Nhb. A'((//(<t' Notes, No. 9; Nhb.' 'To pepper buntins ' is to
throw buntins in play.
BUNTING, sb} Sc. Not. Brks.
1. The wood-lark, Alauda arboiea. Brks.'
2. Coiiip. Bunting-lark, Emberiza miliaria, the common
or corn bunting.
Sc. Swainson Birds (1885') 69. s.Not. (J.P.K.)
[1. A bunting, Alaiidiila, Coles (1679) ; A bunting,
Terraneola, Riibctra, ' auis alaudae similis,' B.\ret (15801.]
BUNTING, sb? Ken.' [bB'ntin.] The grey shrimp,
Cranqon vii/garis.
BUNTING,sA.3 Nhb. Dun Also written buntin N.Cy.' ;
bunton Nhb.' Dur. [bu'ntin.] A piece of squared timber;
a beam placed across a shaft to support any fittings.
N.Cy.' Balks of foreign timber secured on the shores of the Tyne,
afloat at high water. ' Let's go hikey on the buntins.' Nhb.' In
timbering the shafts of coal mines bantons and sheets arc put in
for the purpose of conducting the cages up and down the sliafts,
Il'tly. Chron. (May 23, 1886). Nhb.. Dur. Standing set bunton holes
left upon this crib. Borings (1881) IV. 50; Greenwell Coal Tr.
Gl. ^1849).
[It. pd. for one bunting and two sparres to a j'eat and
the makeing it, 4s. 40'., Gateshead Ch. Bks. (1633) (Nhb.').]
BUNTING, sb.* Lin.' sw.Lin.' [bu-ntin.] The boys'
game of tip-cat.
BUNTING, adj} and sb.^ Sc. Nlip. Written buntin
Sc. Also in form buntling Frf
1. adj. Short and thick-set, plump.
Frf., Rxb. A buntin' brat (Jam.). Nhp.i
2. sb. A short, thick-set person. Bnff.'
BUNTING, adj?- and sb.'^ e.An. Ken. Also written
buntin Ess. ; and in form bunty e.An.' Nrf.^ [buntin.]
1. adj. iVIean, shabby, untidy in dress and appearance.
e An.', Nrf.' Ess. Nought she had on look'd buntin, Clark
/. Noakes (1839) 13 ; Gl. (1851) ; Areh. Soc. Trans. (1863) II. 183;
Ess.'
2. sb. A slovenly person. ne.Ken. (H.M.)
[A large pattern embroider'd gown . . . unfashionable
and bunting, Coiiipl. Eetter-Writcr (1759) 224 (N.E.D.).]
BUNTING-CROW, s6. Irel. The hooded crow, Corw/s
cond.x.
It. So called from its partiality for chickens and eggs, Swainson
Birds (1885) 86. [Newman (1866) 40.]
[Cp. Du. boiife-kraai, a Roiston crowe (Hexham), bont,
parti-coloured.]
BUNT-LARK, sb. Oxf Nrf Hmp. Wil. [bu-nt-lak.]
The corn bunting, Emberiza miliaria.
Oxf. ApLiN aVrfs (1889) 214. Nrf. Cozens-Hardy Broad Nrf.
('893151- Hmp.' Bunt-larks 'is rare, but ' mud-larks 'is very common
hereabouts (W.M.E.F.). Wil.' [The general resemblance of this
bunting to the sky-lark in the colour of its plumage has given
origin to another provincial name by which it is known, that of the
bunting-lark. Yarrell Hist. Brit. Birds (ed. 1845) I. 481.]
BUNTLING, sb. Sc.
I. The blackbird, Tiirdits mcnila.
Gall. (Jam.) Kcb. And gars the buntlins throslle by thy power,
Davidson Seasons I 17891 8.
BUNTON
[449]
BURDEN
2. Comp. Buntlinglark, Emheriza viiliaria, corn bunting.
See Bunting-lark.
Sc. .SwAiNSuN Bulls (1885^ 69. Abd. (Jam.)
BUNTON, see Bunting, sb.^
BUNTY, adj. and sb. Sc. Irel. Wil. Amer.
1. atij. Short and slout, squat. Cf". bunting, adj}
S.Don. Si.M.MONsG/. (^1890,. Wil.l [Phil., U.S.A. M & g. (1870)
4th S. vi. 249.]
2. sb. A cock or hen without a tail.
Sc. Clipped arse, quoth Bunty [spoken when a man upbraids
us for what he himself is guilty of], Kelly Piov. (1721) 78 (Jam.) ;
Grose ( 1790) MS. add. (C.)
BUNTY, see Bunting, adp
BUNWAND, see Bunewand.
BUNWEED, see Bundweed.
BUNYELL, sb. Ant. A flannel head-dress worn by
women. Freq. in/i/. (W.J.K.) ; (S.A.B.)
BUOCK,5i!>. Or.I. A pimple. Qxu.Suppl); (K.M.E.)
BUOM, see Boom.
BUOMFIT, see Bumfitt.
BUP, V. Ylcs. Lan. [bup.] To drink. Used in
addressing ciiildren. Cf. bub, sb.^
w.Yks. bup, den, dere's a ducky. Bup it all up (H.L.) ; Bup,
doyiSO.A.). e.Lan.', m Lan.'
Hence Buppy, sb. a drink.
Yks. Will Joe 'ave a buppy of Sissy's nice milk? (F.P.T.)
w.Yks. He likes his buppy, t'old cock (H.L.).
BUP-HORSE, sb. Som. Also in form buppo w.Som.'
A child's term for a horse.
w.Som.^ Leok, dhae"ur-z u puufdee buup-au's [look, there is
a pretty bup-horse]. The old nursery rhyme is here varied to
* Ruyd u buup-au's tu Baamburee Kraus' [Ride a cock-horse].
Kau'm, Jiimee, dhur-z u geod bwuuy, un ee slil ruyd dhu buup'oa
[come, Jimmy, there's a good boy, and you shall ride the horse].
BUR, coiij , adv. and prep. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. [bar.]
Dial. pron. of but (q.v.) ; gen. used when the next word
begins with a vowel.
w.Yks. Bur o'd ne'er heed that, Bywater Sheffield Dial. fiBsg^ 2.
Lan. Which nob'dy could mesterbur hissel, Harland & Wilkin-
son Flk-Lore \ i867'i 53 ; He can move nowt bur his yead an' his
meauth, Kav-Shuttleworth Scarsdale i i860) II. 33 ; If yo'd bur
let him come, Harland Lyrics (1866) 76. e.Lan.' Chs.' Yo
munna do that. — Ah ! bur oi shall. nw.Der.'
BUR, sec Birr.
BURBENK, V. S. & Ork.i To fortify a frail building
with a bank of turf or stones. Cf. bur(r, v.^ 7.
BURBLE, V. and sb.^ Sc. e.An. [barbl, babl.]
1. V. To bubble or boil up like water from a spring ; to
purl.
w.Sc. (Jam. Supply Ayr. (J.F.)
2.56. A 'bell' or bubble on water; a purl, purling. w.Sc.
(Jam. Stippt.)
3. pi. Small tingling pimples, such as are caused by the
stinging of nettles or small insects. e.An.', Nrf.'
[1. I boyle up or burbyll up as a water dothe in a spring,
Je boiiilloiine, Palsgr. (1530). 2. Burble in the water,
bubette (Palsgr.).]
BURBLE, sb.'^ pi. Sc. Perplexity, trouble.
Ayr. He made him do as he pleased, and always made burbles,
by which the deponent understood trouble, Case Moffat ., 1812) 45
(Jam.V Gall. In web o' my life raonie burbles hae been, Harper
Balds (ed. 1889) 163.
Hence (i) Burbled, ppl.adj. confused, perplexed; (2)
Burble-headed, adj. stupid, confused.
(l) Sc. A nervous system all bedevilled, and his external life
fallen into a horribly burbled slate about him, Mis. Carlylc Lett.
(i843'i I. 244, ed. 1883. 12) Dmf. iJam.I
BURBLEK, sb. Wm. [ba-rblsk.] Petasites vulgaris,
bog rhubarb.
Wm. Ther'sa lot o' burblsk leaves wants gedderin' up (B.K.).
BURBOT, sb. Stf. Also in form birdbolt Stf.' ; bur-
bolt. A freshwater fish, somewhat like an eel but with
a flat head. Lota vulgaris.
Stf. {K.) ; Wc may allow it to be a Miisteta Jliiviatilis, though
in Stf., by some, it is call'd a burbot or bird-bolt; perhaps from
VOL. I.
that sort of arrow rounded at head. Plot Stf. (1686) 241 ; Stf.^
[Satciiell ^1879'.]
[Borbotha be fisshes very slepery, somewhat lyke an
ele hauinge wyde mouthes & great hedes, it is a swetc
mete, Anukewe Fishes (c. 1500) in Meals &-> Manners, ed.
Furnivall, 1x5. Fr. Ao/r/io//?, ' poisson qu'on appelle aussi
barbate' (Littre) ; bourbete, in Joinville (Roquefort).]
BURCOT(T, sb. Som. A load.
Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eiig. , 1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873).
BURD, sb.^ Sc. A young lady, a maiden.
Sc. When in my arms burd Helen dropt, Scott Minstrels)/
(1802) Fair Helen ; The king he had but ae daughter, Burd Isbel
was her name, Jamieson Po/>. Ballads (18061 II. 127. Lth. Burd
Ailie sat doun by the wimplin' burn, Smith Afeiiy Bridal {1866) 28.
[I lufc no mo Bot hir— the well of womanheid, . . .
That bird of bliss, A. Scott/'o««.s(c. 1560), ed. Cranstoun,
34; But Mary byrde, thowe neyd not soo, York Plays
(c. 1400) 439.]
BURD, sb.^ Sc.
1. Offspring; always used in a bad sense.
Lnk. Witch burd, the supposed brood of a witch 1 Jam.).
2. A young seal not weaned. S. Sc Ork.'
[Dan. byrd (offspring), the same word as E. birt/i.]
BURD, sb.^ Som. Dev. [bad.] Bread.
Som. Let's have our bit o' burd and cheese, Raymond Sam and
Sabiiia ii8g^) 122. w.Som.' Always by real peasants. Aew-z
buurd u-ziil-een' iLDev. Grose (1790).
BURD ALONE, p/ir. Obs. Sc. Also written -alane
(Jam.). Entirely alone, all alone.
Sc. And Newton Gordon, burd-alone, Scott Minstrelsy (1802)
Gallant Giahaiiis \ One who is the only child left in the family;
unequalled iJam.). Lnk. She's dead o'er true, she's dead and
gane, Left us and Willie burd alane, Ramsay Poems (ed. 1733)
Lucky Wood.
[Lord, sen my gratious gyde is gone. And I am left as
byrd allone, Kini^is Complaint (c. 1570) 52, in Sat. Poems,
ed. Cranstoun, I. 119.]
BURDEN, sb. and v. "Var. dial, uses In Sc. and Eng.
Also in form burthen w.Yks.' e.An.' Nrf.'
1. sb. A truss or bundle of straw, sticks, &c. See
Burn, sb.^
ne.Yks.', w.Yks. (C.C.R.) Glo. In common use (H S.H.I ;
GI0.2 Suf. Burdens of straw, the cattle's welcome bed, Bloom-
field Faimei's Boy (18051 83, ed. 1808.
2. Comp. (i) Burden-band, a hempen hay-band; (2)
-carrier, a wood-carrier.
(i)N.Cy.' Nhb.' More commonly called a plet-band. n.Yks.'2
e. Yks. Marshall 7?Hr. Ecoii. (1788). m.Yks.' (2) Sc. Cheviot
Prov. (1896) 3.
3. A quantity, amount ; a crop.
Snr.' There ain't a great burden of grass this 3'car. nw.Dev.'
A capital burden in thucker viel.
Hence Burthensome,<7<^'. Of land: productive, yielding
good crops.
w.Yks. It always had a name for being good burthensome land
(C.C.R.); w.Yks.'
4. The rubble or dead ground which overlies a stratum
of tin ore. In china clay works: the top ground, from
the surface to the bed of clay which lies below. Cor.'^
5. V. To bear down ; to oppress, esp. in the way of im-
posing too much work for given pay.
n.Yks. He's sare bodden doon wiv a lot o' bairns (T.S.); n.Yks.'
T'highway maaster bodden'd t'men over sair wi' t'Hints.
Hence Burdenous, adj. burdened.
Fif. The burdenous and bustling multitude, Tennant Anstet
(I8I2^ 126, ed. 1871.
6. To charge with or impute closely and pressingly.
n.Yks ' Ah bodden'd her heavily wi' 't [pregnancy] ; but she
steead me out she warn't. e.Aii.' I burlhencd him with it as
strong as I could, but he would not confess. Nrf.'
7. To forebode, foretell.
s.Wor. Common. Folks burdened as a'd be suer to be a tempus
(H.K.) ; s.Wor.' I burdens tempest afore night.
8. To yield, bear.
w.Yks. The ten-acre close burthened nought last year (C.C.R. ).
BURDEN, see Burdoun.
3M
BURDIEHOUSE
[450]
BURL
BURDIEHOUSE, 5A. Obs.l Sc. \n\>\ir. gae or gang to
Buydiehousc, an exclamation used by old people when
thcv are displeased with any one's conduct or language.
Sc. Jam. i ; Used perhaps in Edb , near which is a vihage named
Burdiehouse (J.F.).
[Biirdiehoitse repr. Biirifeons, the old pron. of Bourdeaux.
See Acts Mary (1551), ed. 1814. 483 (Jam.).]
BURDIT, pp. Sc. Of stones : split into laminae.
(Jam.)
BURDOUN, sb. Sc. Also written burden. The
drone of a bagpipe.
Sc. And teen [tune] to the praise o' Scotch pipers Her chanter,
reeds, burdens and drone, Old Ballads (1825) Pifeys 0' Buchan;
Young Tubal had tun'd up his burden, Was hltin' at ' Clout the
Caldron,' i*. Per. (G.W.)
[Fr. bourdon, a drone or dorre-bee, also, the humming
or buzzing of bees, also, the drone of a bag-pipe (Cotgr. i.]
BURE, sb. Sc. Cum. A woman of loose character,
not necessarily a prostitute ; a country woman.
Sc. lE.W.P.) Cum. A bure, her neame was Meg, A winsome
weel-far'd bodj', Stagg Misc. Poems (ed. 1807) 144 ; Ferguson
Noiihmen 11856 Gl.
BURE, t^. Sc' Pret.oUobear.
Sc. And Uskie-bae ne'er bure the bell Sae bald as Allan bure
himsel, Jamieson Pop. Ballads (1806) II. 239. Ayr. Where
glorious Wallace Aft bure the gree, as story tells, Frae Southron
billies. Burns To IF. Simpson i 1785) St. 10 ; Ane o' the swankies
bure Mally awa. Service A'olandiims (18901 iii. Slk. I trowed
that even-down truth bure some respect, Hogg Tales (1838) 24,
ed. 1866.
BUREGH, V. Abd. To crowd together. See
Bourach, 6.
Abd. [Some] bureght roun' the carlie, An' wonnert at the
carlie. Thom Rhvmes (1845) 153
BURERK, 'sb. Lon. Slang. [baTsk.] The mistress
of a house, lady.
Lon. They are most successful when the ' swell ' is not at home ;
if they can meet with the ' Biirerk' or the young ladies, Mayhew
Lo}id. Labour 1 1851) I. 244. Slang. Let him ask the loafer . . .
which se.\ gives him most, the ' burerks ' or the ' toffs,' .^«52f^re
(July 20. 1889) 121 i^ Farmer).
BURG, sb. Sc. In comp. (i) Burg-hall, town hall ;
(2) -town, burgh or borough town. See Brugh.
Rnf. I) That nicht within our auld burg-hall, Young Pictures
(1865I 14. 2 Sune auld burg-toun met their view, lA. 15.
BURGAGE, sb. Pem. [ba gedz.] A small field, at a
short distance from the house or farmyard, usually less
than half an acre in area.
s.Peni. Laws Little Eiig. (1888) 419; Put the pony in the
burgage to-night, as we met knaw where to find 'n in the mornin'
(W.MM..
[Fr. boitrgage, an estate, or tenure in burgage, held
either of the king or of other lords of the borrough, and
subject to no other than the customary rents and services
thereof (CoTGR.).]
BURGE, sb. Irel. Som. Dev. Also written burdge
Dev. [bad?.] A bridge.
Wxf.i Som. W. & J. Gl. (i873\ w.Som.i Dev. Long by
the burdge be the keeper's cottage, PHii.LroTTS Daiiiiwor ( 1895I
39. e.Dev. Th' fine wold stwonin' burge, Pulman Sketches \ 1842)
54. cd. 1853. s.Dev. I saw him going over the burge (,F.W.C.\
BURGESS, f. Obs. Fif When the marches of a town
were ' rode,' to take those who had been made burgesses
during the year, and strike their buttocks against a stone.
(Jam.) See Bejan, j).
BURGH, sb. Sus. Also written burg, [bag.] A
hillock, rising ground ; a term applied to the barrows or
tumuli on the Downs. Cf barrow, sb.^
Sus. Over dat yonder hill— by de burg. Lower Stray Leaves
(1862 92 ; Two fellurs wur holdin toight wud de grasp ov deth
two burghs dat de devil hed maad sim haussesses, Jackson
Southward Ho (1894, I. 389 ; Sus.'^
BURGHER, sb. Sc. Nhb. A member of that section of
the Scottish Secession Church which upheld the lawful-
ness of the burgess oath.
Sc. A worthy old Seceder used to ride to Bucklyvie every
Sabbath to attend the Burgher kirk, Ramsay ^c«ii'h.(i86i1 II. 126.
Nhb.' Obs. There are in Newcastle six congregations of Presby-
terians, . . . and one of each of the classes of the secession from
that church, stiled Burghers and Anti-Burghers, Impartial Hist.
Newc. (i8oi\
BURG OF ICE, phr. Sc. A whaler's term for a field
of ice floating in the sea. (Jam.)
[Cp. Norw. dial, isbcrg, iceberg (Aasen).]
BURGONET, sb. Sc. A form of Biggonet, q.v.
Sc. 'Tis not beneath the burgonet, nor yet beneath the crown,
Chambeks Siigs. (1829) I. 51.
BURGOO, sb. Obs. Nhp. Hrt. A kind of oatmeal
porridge.
Nhp.' As thick as burgoo. Hrt. Whole greets [grits] boiled in
water, . . . formerly called loblolly, now burgoo, Ellis Cy. Hswf.
(1750) 206.
BURGY, sb. Lan. Chs. [bs dgi.]
1. Unriddled coal, containing all the small coal and dust.
e.Lan.' s.Lan. In common use (S.W. ). Chs.^, s.Clis.i
2. An inferior, cheap beer or ale sold at 2d. a pint.
Lan. Bobby can tell as weel as a Christian whether he's let o'
th' rale stuffor nobbutburgy, Brierley Traddlepin Fold, xii. s.Lan.
Becoming less common (S.W.).
BURIAL, sb. Sc. Nhb. Hrf. Also Dev. [ba'rial.]
1. A funeral, interment. Cf burying.
Sc. He walked at the burial, Scotic. 1787 . 13 ; (A.W.) Inv. He
was at the burial I H.E.F. >. Hrf.^ Dev. Be you going to the poor
maid's burial, ma'am? O'Neill Dimpscs (1893^ 55.
2. Comp. (i) Burial-boding, death-warning; (2) -house,
the house where a person lies dead.
(i) Slk. Bow-wowing as ye war a burial-boding, HoGG Tales
(1838) 223, ed. 1866. {2) Nhb. Something awful had happened at
the burial house, Richardson Borderer's Table.bk. {18^6) VIII. 72.
BURIAN, sb. Sc. A mound, tumulus; a kind of
fortification. Cf borran, burrent.
s.Sc. There are a great number of cairns or burians, Statist.
Ace. Dmf. IV. 522 (Jam.). [See Proceed. Soc. Antiq. Scot. (1895-
96) 82.]
BURIED, see Bur(r, sb.^
BURIN, see Burying.
BURK, 11. Nhp. [bik.] To warm by fondling, 'nuzzle';
to try to lull a child to sleep.
Nhp.i Burk the child off to sleep. A brood-hen burks her
chickens under her wing.
[This is a spec, use of lit. E. burke (vb.), to murder by
suffocation (as the notorious criminal Burke did, who was
executed in 1829) ; also, to smother, ' hush up.']
BURL, V. and sb. Irel. Yks. Der. Won Shr. Glo. Wil.
Som. Dev. Also in form burr w.Yks. ; berl- Der.*
nw.Der.^; see below, [bal.]
1. V. To pick out from cloth all knots, loose threads, or
other irregularities ; to mend or darn small holes in
pieces slightly damaged in weaving.
■w.Yks. 1,1). L.); iJ.T.); w.Yks.^ ; w.Yks.3 It [cloth] was next
trailed over furze bushes, . . . then burled in the house by the
family. Wor. Skinner (1671). Shr.', Glo.>. Wil.i w.Som.'
Buurdl, buur-dlec. Always done by women, who draw the cloth
carefully over a sloping bench in a good light. * I do burdly down
to factory hon I be able vor to stan' to it.'
Hence (i) Burler, sb. the woman who picks knots and
other irregularities from cloth ; (2) Burling, vbl. sb. the
process of removing knots, &c., from cloth ; (3) Burling-
iron, sb. (a) a strong pair of tweezers, having very fine
and strong points used in 'burling'; (b) the 'rubbing-
stone' or instrument used in giving the cloth a gloss.
(I w.Yks. (J.M.); (F.M.L.); w.Yks.^. Glo.» w.Som.i Buur-dliir.
Dev. Obs. BowRiNG Laug. (1866) I. 15. (21 w.Yks. (W.T.) ;
Buildings in which weaving, winding, warping, burling, &c., were
done, BiNNS Vtll. to Town (1882I 55. Wil. Slow Gl. (1892).
Dev. Obs. BowRiNG Lang. (i866) I. pt. v. (3, «i w.Yks. (W.T.)
Shr.' w.Som.' Buur-dleen-uyur. {b) Uls., Dev. Uls. Jrn. Arch.
U857-) V. 98.
2. To cut away the dirty wool from the roots of sheep's
tails before shearing time. See Britch.
w.Yks.2, Shr.'= [Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863").]
Hence (i) Burlings, vbl. sb. dirty wool cut from the
hind parts of a sheep ; (2) Burling-wool, sA. inferior wool
sold at a low price, chiefly to saddlers for stuffing. Cf
daglocks.
(i) Der.=, nw.Der.', Shr.'2 (2) Shr.2
BURL
[451]
BURN
3. To rub off the grown-out shoots of potatoes in spring.
Wil.i
4. sb. A knot or other irregularity in cloth.
w.Yks. I F.M.L.") ; Pickine: ofl" the cloth the swats or 'burrs'
entangled in the fibre of the wool (W.T.) ; iD.L.)
5. CoHip. (i) Bur-cart, see quot. ; (2) Burr -takers-out,
the workers who clear away the burrs in the wool thrown
out by the swift, on to the top of the carding machine.
(il Yks. The jigging sound of the 'bur-carts' on their way to
and from the woollen manufactories, Brierley Cast upon IVoild
(,i886) 28. (2) w.Yks. (S.A.B.)
[1. Desqiiainare ves/rs, to burle clothe, Cooper (1565) ;
To burle clothe, extitberarc, Cath. Attgl. (1483). 4. Burle
of clothe, tuiiicnliiin, Prompt.\
BURL, see Birle.
BURLEY, adj. Cum. [ba'rli.] Forward, uncivil or
surly. Cf. burly.
Cum. Isn't he a hurley beggar? (J. A.)
Hence Burley, sb. a forward young man. (E.W.P.)
BURLING, sb. Lin. [balin.] A yearling ox or heifer.
Lin. Morton Cydo. Agric. (1863) ; Lin.' That burling will be fit
for slaughter fore-end of the year. s.Lin. Bed the burlings down,
and tek 'em their drink (,T. H.R.I.
[A kovve & a burlyng, Etton Will (15031 (N.E.D.). Bur,
an ox + -/iiiff. Welsh cattle 'are thick-hided, especially
the burs, i.e. the oxen,' Lisle Obs. Iliisb. (1757) 267.]
BURLY, sb. Sc. A crowd, tumult.
Gall. Common (A.W.).
[This is the second element in lit. E. Inirly-biirly.]
BURLY, adj. Sc. n.Cy. Yks. Lan. Also Dor. Dev.
[baTli, bali.]
1. Thick, clumsy, rough. See Boorly.
Sc. Jam.), N.Cy.', w.Yks.' Lan. He [Earl of Derby] looking
upon the executioner, said. Thy coat is too burly that thou canst
not hit right, the Lord help thee and forgive thee, Civil U'ar
Tracts (1651) Chel. Soc. (1844) 322 ; Grose (1790) MS. add. >C.)
Hence (i) Burly-faced, adj. rough or pimply faced ; (2)
-headit, adj. having a rough appearance ; (3) -twine,
strong coarse twine, somewhat thicker than pack-thread.
(,i) Dev. Grose (179°) ^^-5. add. (C.) ; Dev.^ n.Dev. Ees,
there is burly-faced Jan, Rock Jim an' Nell (1867) St. 65. (^2)
Rxb. A burly-headit fallow (Jam.). (3) Rnf. {ib.)
2. Ugly. Dor. (C.W.B.)
[1. Tantelus . . . was a tulke hoge, body of brede, Dcst.
Troy (c. 1400) 3769.]
BURLY-MAN, see Birlie-man.
BURM, see Barm.
BURN, 5A.1 Sc. Ircl. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Stf. Also
written born Nhb.' [barn, ban ]
1. A stream, rivulet, brook. Cf. bourn.
Sc. I would hae ye dookit in the burn ibr your impudence.. Scott
Midhlliian (1818) xxv. Sh.I. I afi' an dembled dee In burn, wal,
an daftik, Burgess Rasntie (1892) 26. Abd. The whir o' the
witherin' wind Drives madly o'er burn an' brae, Thom Ritvnu's
(1844) 107. Kcd. A reamin' burn cam' rum'lin doon, Grant Lays
(1884) 2. Frf. Washing themselves in the burn, Barrie Alintsler
(i8gi)iv. Per. The lowly hames beside the burn, Nicoll Points
(1837) 71, cd. 1843. Rnf. Yon burn O'erhungwi" rocks sae dreary,
Barr Pochis (1861) 27. Ayr.We twa hae paidl't i' the burn, Burns
Aiild Latig Syne. Lnk. Glens and wimplin' burns, Thomson
Musings i iBSi i 15. Lth. Noo she's soakit i' the burn, Smith ;U<»-rv
Bndal (18661 23. Gall. A bonny bit burn that flows through a
smooth meadow, Crockett Ratdirs (1894) xviii. N.I.', N.Cy.'
Nhb.' A burn is smaller than a river, but larger than a syke. ' No
burn rcilly gets so far south as the Tees itself,' .^Jrc/i. Arliana, IX.
181. e.Dur.' Cum.Orwanderin'by the burn, Git.vi^ Ballads{\Q^.\)
203. Lakel. Kllwood 1895'. n.Yks.' Very little used in tliis
district; n.Yks.^^ m.Yks.' w.Yks. Only occurs in the name of the
river Burn, Lucas Bind. IXidderdale ( c. 1882") ; Our rivulets are
sykcs, burns, or becks, N. if Q. 1870; 4th S. vi. 366; Wili.an
List. IVds. {iQii).
2. Comp. (i) Burn-bank, the bank on the margin of a
' burn ' ; (2) -backer, \a) the water-ouzel, Ciiicliis aqualitiis;
[b) the water-wagtail, Molacilla liigubris; (3) -brae, the
slope at the foot ot which a ' burn ' runs ; (4) -grain, a small
rill running into a larger stream ; (5) -side, the side of
a brook or stream ; (6) -trout, see below.
(i) Nhb.' The name of one of the filthiest alleys in Newcastle.
(2, a) Sc. This bird is a frequenter of burns; it keeps its body in
continu.al motion, beck-becking : hence the name burnbecker,
Gall. End. (Jam. Sn/>/>l.) (6) i/>. (3) Sc. While our flocks are
reposing on yon burn-brae, Tarras Poems (1804) 119 (Jam.X
Bwk. There's nae courtin' gaen on now amang the burn-braes,
Henderson Pop. Rhymes ,'1856) 83. (4) Lnk. (Jam.) (5 Sc. 1 can
neither whistle nor sing for thinking of the bonny burnsides and
green shaws, Scott ..^»//?"nO' ('816) xxxvii. N.Cy.', Nhb.' ^6)
Sc. The river trout vulgarly called Burn Irout, yellow trout,
ARBtrrHNOT Hisl. Peterhead. 23 (Jam.).
3. Water, esp. that used in brewing ; the brew itself.
Sc. Caller burn beyond compare, Fergusson Por/ci ( i 789 i II. 41
(Jam.^i. Or.L They are carrying burn, meaning water for brewing
(S.A.S.). Abd. She'd gang, fell blyth, and heat her burn, And
brew o' ma't a dainty curn, CocK Simple Strains 1 1810 I. 134.
nw. Abd. The wort's jist queelin there; The hinmost burn's nae
latten aff, Goodwife (,1867) St. 5. w.Sc. 'Visk,' which in the
language of the natives signifies water, they call ' burn,' Martin
w.Islands (1816) 17 (Jam.). Lth. Pate wi' solemn face . . . brings
in the reeking burn and bowl, Macneii.l /'of/. IVks. (1801) 171,
ed. 1856. n.Yks. Fetch a skecl of burn, Meriton Praise yl/c (1684)
1. 76.
4. Comp. Burn-chink, dregs of beer. Stf
5. Urine.
n.Sc. Or stap the very halysangTo mak his burn, PickenPo««s
(1788) 118 (Jam.").
[L At that burn eschapit the king, Barbour Bruce
(1375) VII. 78. 3. Mekill burne and lytill malt, Lyndesay
Satyre (c. 1565) 4140.]
BURN, sA.= Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Shr. Glo. Som.
Dev. Cor. Also written birin Dev.^ [ban.)
1. A burden, load, bundle, esp. a load of sticks, straw, &c.
Cf. birn, sb.^
w.Yks. That's a heavy burn he has ov his back (D.L.). Lan.
Thae never had as bonny a burn o' stuff upo' thi back, sin thae
begun o' wearin' a tail! Waugh Sneck-bant ! 18681 iii ; Lan.',
e.Lan.' Chs. A good back burn, Sheaf (iS-jg) I. 237; Chs.'^
s.Chs.' Ah waan-tid u tbothri stik's tCi rdo'zl iip dhu fahy ur, lin <5o
kiim baak- widh u bo ul buurn, uz miich uz ev ur ilr kud gau-m
[Ah wanted a toothery sticks to roozle up the fire, an' hoo come
liack with a hooal burn, as much as ever her could gawm^. St.''.*
Oil dzust put 3 barn a stiks iff uvn. Der.*, nw.Der.' Shr.' I got
a g66d burn o' laisin afore my breakfast, an' fat a burn o' sticks
throm the coppy. Glo. (H.T.E.) ; Glo.' Som. The men would
come wi' a burn of hay (W.F.R.\ w.Sora.' Aay waz' vur aaks oa
ee, plai-z, wuryiie kcod spae-ur faa'dhur u buurn u stroa- [I was
sent to ask you, please, whether you could spare father a burden
of straw]. Dev. Repoiis Provinc. [iSS-]) 4. Cor.'*
2. Comp. Burn-rope, a small rope used for tying up
a burden or load of straw, furze, &c.
w.Som.' At one end is fastened a pointed piece of wood having
a deep rounded notch by means of which the rope is drawn tight
and instantly made fast. Dev. Ref'ints Provinc. l^IS8^ 4. Cor.
Thomas Ramligal Rhymes (1895^ Gl.
3. A pottery term : a quantity of ware sufficient for
a person to carry.
Stf.' ; Stf.* There's another burn ready.
4. Twenty-one hake.
Dev. Repoiis Provinc. (1887I 4 ; Dev.^ Hake are always sold by
the birin. That is, in heaps of 21 — or baskets containing 21 hake.
Cor.' 2
[Here Isaack . . . takcth a burne of sticks and beareth
after his father, Cliesler Plays (c. 1400) iv. 236 (stage
direction). A pron. of OE. bvri'lcn. a burden.]
BURN, s6.= Cor.'* A ric'k of h.ay.
BURN, V. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Ircl. and Eng. Written
barn Dev.'^; bon Nhb.' e.Yks.' n.Lin.' Sec also Bren(n.
1. In comp. (i) Burn-gully, a term of derision applied to
an inefficient workman; (2) -iron, an iron instrument
used for branding sheep, &c. ; (3) -mark, ((7) iron letters
used for marking stock of all kinds; (b) the mark or brand
so made ; (c) to mark stock, &c., with a brand-iron ;
(4) -wood, wood for fuel.
( II Nhb.' Formerly country blacksmiths were the prlncip.il
makers of edge-tools, such as axes, gullies [large knives], &c., and
many of them attained to great proficiency in the art of tempering
steel. Others, again, not proficient in their attempts at the business,
burnt the temper out of the steel, and consequently spoiled their
3 M2
BURN
[452]
BURNING
work, and were called in derision ' burn gullies.' (2) Abd. (Jam.)
e.Lth. They're a" brunt wi' the same burn-airn, Hunter J . Imvick
(1895I37. (3, o) War.2 Common. |i) War.2, Shr.' (o Shr. Burn-
mark that spade handle. Northall Gl. (4) S. & Ork.' Zetl. The
inhabitants make use of the wrack for burn-wood, Brand Zetland
(1701) 93 Jam.!.
2. In phr. (i) to burn the beck, to take no fish ; (2) — the
biscuit, a boy's game ; see below ; (3) — charcoal, to be with-
out a Sunday suit; (4) —daylight, to light candles before
they are wanted, Jig. to waste time ; (5) — the fingers, to
be unsuccessful in some undertaking or speculation, to be
overreached ; (6) — the grass, to mow witii a blunt
scythe ; (7) — the picture, a form of objurgation or ridicule ;
(8) — a pig, to singe the hair off a pig's carcass; (9)
■shin-da-evc, a term for a woman who is fond of crouch-
ing over the fire; (10) — tobacco, to smoke; (11) — the
water, to kill salmon at night with a lister; (12) — the old
ii'itch, see below ; ( 13) to be burnt with the sai)ie, or one iron,
to be all of the same kind, none better than another.
(i) Cum. (E.W.P.) (2) N.Cy.i Nhb. A boy is chosen, called
the biscuit. He stands with his eyes closed and back towards the
other players. One of these touches the biscuit on the back and
he has to guess who touched him. If he guesses right the biscuit
sends him to some post where he has to stand ; if wrong, the biscuit
has to go to the post himself, and another takes his place. When all
the players have been sent to a post, the biscuit shouts ' Burn
the biscuit,' and all the pla^^ers run towards him ; the last one to
reach him gets basted and is ' biscuit' for the next game (R.O.H.);
Nhb.l (3) w.Yks. When a fellow had no clothes to go out in on
Sunday 'he was burning charcoil' (C.V.C. ). (4I w.Yks.', n.Lin.i,
Nhp.l, War.2, se.Wor.i, e.An.i (5; Cum.', w.Yks.' Nhp.' If he
don't mind he'll burn his fingers. War.^, Wor. (J.W.P. >, Hnt.
(TP.F.) (6) n.Lin,' (7) Cum. Wey, burn t'picter o' thee. Jim,
fer a girt clot-heid, Sargisson /»« Scoa/H 1881 , 68. (,8) Oxf.' MS.
add. Wil.l (9) N.I.' (loine.Sc.I wud gang in without the
excuse o' requirin' to burn tobacco. Grant Kecklctoyi, 29. t_iij
s.Sc. The fishers follow the practice of their forefathers ; . . .
killing them with listers ; . . . this they call burning the water,
because they are obliged to cairy a lighted torch in the boat.
Statist. Ace. XIV. 591 (Jam.), (is) e.Yks.' On the last day of
harvest a fire of stubble is made in the field, in which peas are
parched and eaten with a plentiful allowance of ale ; the lads and
lasses dancing and romping round the fire, and deriving great fun
from the blackening of each other's faces with the burnt peas.
Lan. Harland & Wilkinson Flk-Lore (1867) 154. (13) n.Yks.
01 burnt wi t'siam Iran (W. H,).
3. Pottery term : to bake or ' fire ' earthenware. Chiefly
used in prp. Stf '^
4. To scald.
Dev.* 'Er'th a-turned awver tha taykittle an' burned 'er viite
wi' tha bowling watter. Dev., Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 544.
Cor. I upscud [upset] some boiling water and burnt my arm
(M.A.Cj.
5. Of crops : to heat, spoil ; to become smutted or
blighted.
Hrt. A very drj' hot season came on the young turnips, that
plainly discovered the crop would burn or spoil, Ellis Mud. Husb.
(1750) II. ii ; Cole-seed heated (or what we call burnt) in the
mow, ih. IV. iv. [The way to prevent smutting or burning of any
corn is to lime it, Ray (1691).]
Hence Burnt-wheat, sb. smut.
Suf. Young Ann. Agrk. (I784-I8I5^.
6. To show a light to warn smugglers not to attempt
a landing.
Dor. I only went to-night to burn the folks off, because we found
that the excisemen knew, Hardy Wess. Talcs (,1888) II. 141.
7. Fig. Used in imp. or in pass, as an imprecation.
Nhb.' Go bon. Di bon. s.Wm. We ha sick a plague with them,
burn them ! Hutton Dial. Stoith and Arnside (1760J 1. 22.
n.Yks.2 Burn-lit-on't ! e.Yks. Ah can't deah this, bon it ! It caps
cock-fightin' (J.N.) ; Whah,bonit! he's that soft he mun be abohn
feeal, Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889) 32 ; e.Yks.' Eonlet o' ya, j'a
raggils, Ah'll gi yat' if ya decant mak less noise. ra.Yks.' Burn-
lit-on't ! w.Yks.5 Burn 'em ! say I. Ord burn thuh ! n.Lin.'
Bo'n it. Bo'n tlioo. e.An.° Burn your eyes. Suf. (F.H.) Dev.
No, I'm burned ef I'll du't ! Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892) ; An zich
azight, aw, I'll be burned! Bevaur wiz niver zeen, Hogg Poet. Lett.
(1866) 34 ; Dev.' Barn your tay, siss a, 'tis the ruin of the nation,
4 ; Dev,3 Barn yer neck vur ee.
Hence Bon, int. an exclamation.
n.Yks. Bon ! its a strange gre'at ple'ace, Brown Yk. Minster
Screen U834) I. 33 ; Bon, Ah was seea crazed, Tweddell Clevel.
Rhymes {_l8^$^ 48.
8. To deceive, cheat in a bargain ; to suffer in any
attempt.
So. Our people were so ill burnt, that they had no stomach for
any further meddling, Baillie Lett. (1775) U. 396 ; One says that
he has been brunt when he has been overreached (Jam.). Per.
Very common. He bought it and was burned (G.W.). Ayr. He
^vas burned by that bargain ( J.F.).
9. To derange a game by improper interference.
CId. In curling ■ to burn a stane ' is to render the move useless,
by the interference of one who has no right to play (Jam.). Per.
Very common. In curling : ' That stone's burnt. I saw you
burn it wi' yer besom ' (G.W.).
10. To approach near, used by children in the game of
hide-and-seek, &c.
w.Yks.^", e.Lan.' Nhp.' When a person, hunting for anything
which is concealed, is near the object of his search without finding
it, he is said to burn. War.^ Quite common. Ken. (P. IM.)
BURN-BAKE, v. and sb. Nrf. Wil. Dor. Som. Also
written burn-beak Wil.' ; -biake Dor.' [bs'n-bek, -bik.]
1. V. To reclaim new land by paring and burning the
surface before cultivation. Wil.' Dor.' See Burn-beat.
Hence Burn-baking, vbl. sb. the process of preparing
the land by turf-paring.
Nrf. He would seem to prefer even fallowing to burn-baking,
Marshall Review (1811) III. 316. Wil. Paring and burning land,
or, as it is called, ' burn-beaking,' Davis Gen. View Agric. (181 1) xii.
[Lisle Husbandry (1757).]
2. sb. Land reclaimed by the process of burn-beating.
Wil.'
3. A smouldering heap of weeds. Som. (W.W.S.)
BURN-BATE, see Burn-beat.
BURN-BEAK, -BIAKE, see Burn-bake.
BURN-BEAT, v. Stf. Hmp. Dor. Dev. Also written
burn-bate Hmp.' [ban-bit, -bet, -biat.] To pare off
and burn the surface of soil and dress it with the ashes.
See Beat, v.^ Cf burn-bake.
Stf. Upon these ashes, esp. in windy weather, . . . 'tis a common
thing to cast parings of the earth near by. upon the most flaming
parts, then turf or stubble again, then earth, and so stratum super
stratum, and this they call burn-beating, and in some places
denshiring their land. Plot 5//: (1686) 334 ; (K.) Hmp.' Dor.
Barnes Gl. (1863) ; Dor.'
Hence Burning-beat, vbl. sb. sod-burning.
w.Dev. Marshall Rur. Econ. (1796).
BURNDOCKIE, sb. Cor. [bandoki.] A liquor made
of hot cider, sugar, and eggs.
Cor. First bring me the burndockie, For I love that liquor well,
Thomas Randigal Rhymes (1895) 30.
BURNER, sb. Lin. [ba'na(r).] A man who burns
bricks or lime.
n.Lin.' To brickyard hands: Wanted, two steady men as
burners, Lin. Chron. (Dee. 4, 1874).
BURNEWIN, see Burn-the-wind.
BURNEY-BEE, see Barnabee.
BURN-FIRE, sb. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Not. Cor. Also
written bun fire w.Yks.° Chs.' Not. ; bum- Cor.' A bonfire.
See Bonefire.
Nhb.' (s.v. Byen-fire). Until about 1878 the burn-fire was
annually lighted at Winlaton on the 29th of May. w.Yks. Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 16, 1892); w.Yks.23 m.Yks.' About Halifax,
buonfaayr; and about Huddcrsfield buon'faoyr. In m.Yks., and
gen. n.. buonfaa'T and baonfaa'r. Lan. You have had burnfires
and bells and shooting and drinking, Bvrom Remin. ^1736) in Chet.
Soc. XL. 35. Chs.', s.Chs.', s.Not. (J.P.K.), Cor.'
BURNIE, sb. Sc. A small brook. See Burn, sb}
In comp. Bumie-baker. the water-ouzel, Cinclus aquaticus.
Kcb. (W.G.)
BURNING, ppt. adj. Sc. Der. Gmg. Nrf. Cor. Also
written barning Cor.
1. Phosphorescent.
Cor. The sea is barning, Thomas Randigal Rhymes (1895) Gl. ;
(M.A.C.) ; Cor.3
2. Comp. (1) Burning-drakes, certain atmospheric phe-
BURNIN' BEAUTY
[453]
BUR(R
nomena ; (2) -tide, (3) -water, the phosphorescence of
the sea.
(i) Der. Marshall Revinu (1814) IV. 116. [Their apparent
fall to the earth was thought to point out tlie situation of . . . veins
o( ore, F/i-Lorc Jrit. 1885)111.9.] (2 Gmg. The ' burning tide,'
as they called it, had been heard of far inland, and pronounced to
be the result of the devil improperly (lipping his tail vi'hile bathing,
Blackmore Maid Sker (1872) I. xii. Nrf. Gregg LeaJIets (.1888)
XLIV. 118. ^3) NaL (,W.G.)
BURNIN' BEAUTY, phr. Sc. (Jam.) A person of
great beauty.
Rxb. She's nae burnin' beauty mairthan me.
BURNING OF THE HILL, phr. Obs. Som. A
punishment inflicted by miners in the Mendips, on any
one found guilty of stealing ore, &c.
Som. He is shut up in a butt, and then dry fearn furzes and
such other combustible matter is put round it and fire set to it ;
when it is on fire the criminal who has his hands and feet at liberty
may with them (if he can) break down his hutt and be gone, but
must never come to work, or have to doe any more on the hill ;
this they call burning of the hill (K.) ; Laws of Miners of Mendip
(,1687 I in A^. &-■ Q. (1850) ist S. ii. 498.
BURNISH, V. Der. Sus. Dev. To grow fat, lusty,
strong, used both of persons and animals. See Bamish
Der.' e.Sus. Hollowav. Sus.' ' You burnish nicely ' is meant as
a compliment, n.Dev. Grose (1790) ; J/o«M/>' A/rt^^. (18081 II. 544
\Femme qui encliarge. That grows big on't, who
burnishes, or whose belly increases, Cotgr.]
BURNT, pp. Irel. Yks. Lin. Nhp. Bdf. Hnt. In comb.
(i) Burnt-ear, usiilago in corn; (2) -mouthed, speaking
with hesitation, as if the mouth were blistered; (3) -sand,
hard lumps of sand of a dark colour ; {4 ) — to, of milk or
porridge : burnt in boiling and hence acquiring an un-
pleasant taste; (5) -weed, the hart's-tongue fern, Scolo-
pendriitm vulgare; (6) — wine, a preparation of port wine,
sweetened and spiced.
(i) [Lisle Husbandry (1757") 151.] (2) n.Yks. Ah'z nut bont-
moothed (T. S. ) : n.Yks.'^ Deean't be burnt-mouth'd about it. (3^)
n.Lin. ' (4) Nhp.* At an annual feastof furmety her ladyship inquired
of the children how they liked it ; a blunt little fellow answered,
'Notat all, it is burnt to so bad' ; Nhp.^ Edf. Batchelor,<4«o/. f;;^.
Lang. {1809) I2T. Hnt. (T,P,F,) (5) Wmh. ^6) n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.2
At the funerals of the rich, * burnt wine from a silver flagon ' was
handed ... to the company bc-fore the body was removed, Pr^f. 9.
BURN-THE-WIND, si!'. />/;r. Sc.Cum. Written burne-
winSc. ; bumywind Cum.' A blacksmith.
Sc. Thou hast had a quarrel with some Edinburgh Burn-the-wind,
Scott F. M. Perth (18281 ii ; Grose 1.1790) MS. add. (C.) Per.
Our Burn the-wind was stout and Strang, . , , At hammerin' airn he
was gude, Nicoll Poctiis ( 1837) 98, ed, 1843, Ayr, Then tJurne-
wm comes on like death At ev'ry chaup. Burns Sc. Drink 1^1786)
St. 10. Cum.'
BUR(R, sb.^ and ?'.' Van dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. sb. The prickly seed-vessel or fruit of various plants.
In coHip. (i) Burr-crowfoot, field crowfoot^ Raiiunculiis
arvensis ; (2) -docken, burdock, Arc/iiim lappa ; (3) -head,
see -weed ; (4) -thistle, spear thistle, Cardiuts laiiceolatus ;
(5) -weed, goose-grass, Galium apariiie.
(i) w.Yks. Lees Flora (1888) 122. (2)Sc. The burr-docken thy
coffin was, Train Poet. Reveries (1806)95, n.Yks.' (31 Nhp.'
(4) Ayr. The rough bur-thistle, spreading wide Aniang the bearded
hezr,J^VRiiS Answer to Verses [i'l&i) s\.. 2. n Cy. Grose (1790
Suppl. Cum.', n.Yks.'2 e.Yks. Marshall A'lir. Econ. (1788).
nw.Der.i (5) Nhp.' Bck. S«'c«re Gossip \i&gi) 119. Hrt. Ellis
Mod. Husb. (1750) IV. ii,
2. The blossom of the hop.
Ken. (P.M.); Ken.' Sur.' The hops likes still Weather when
they're in burr. Ken., Sus. Holloway. I.'W. (C.J.V.)
3. A wart-like excrescence on trees.
Shr.' Nrf. Fordy i,l.
4. Comp. Bur-knot, an excrescence growing on elm and
oak trees.
Nrf. Arch. (1879) VIII. 168.
5. The butt end cut off a tree of fancy wood, valuable
because of the curled grain which comes out when it is
polished. Lan. (S.W.)
6. A pollard. Used atlrib. in cnntp. Bur-oak.
Hrf. Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863) ; Hrf.'^
7. The ball or knob of a stag's horn at its juncture with
the skull.
w.Som.' The horn is always shed immediately below the bur.
[Jefferies Red Deer (i88^) iv.]
8. The sea-urchin.
ne Abd. Also called Canniburr (W.M.).
9. Fig. A strong, thick-set person of stubborn temper.
Bnff.'
10. V. Of hops : to come into blossom.
Ken. Dem hops wOan' be long afore dey burr (P.M.).
[1. They are but burs, thrown upon thee in holiday
foolery, Shaks. As Yoh, i. iii. 13. 7. Perles, the little
spotted curlings wherewith the bur of a deers head is
powdered (Cotgr.). 8. Sw. borre, sea-urchin. 9. Sw.
dial, borre, an obstinate person (Rietz).]
BUR(R, sb.'' and v.'' Yks. Nhp. Won Wil. Dor. [bar,
ba(r).]
1. sb. A rabbit-burrow ; a hole in the ground made by
burrowing. See Bury, s6.'
w.Yks. Yks. N. & Q. ,1888) II. 16; Back ah went la me bur
agean, as sharp az a rabbit at crack ov a gun, Tom Treddlehoyle
Bairnshi Ann. (1856) 42; w.Yks 3, Wil.' Dor. Gt. (1851).
2. Any place of shelter, as the leeward side of a hedge,
&c. Also used atlrib. See Burrow, s6.'
Nhp. 2 The burr side of the hedge. Wil. Come into the bur,
Britton Beanlics (1825 ; Wil.'
3. V. To burrow.
w.Yks. Yks. N. if O. (18881 II. 16; w.Yks.^ A rabbit burs when
he makes a hole in the ground
4. To take shelter ; to afford shelter.
w.Yks. As sooin as ivver we started lakin, we hod ta burr up
(M.F, ; ; Wi'l bar in i3(r"| wol trean z oua iJ.W,), s,Wor. It s ms
burring anant Iheas 'edges, but atop o' Red-'ill it bla-awd
despirately 1 H.K.),
[The same word as lit. E. burrow, just as fur (q.v.) is
a variant of lit. Y.. fiirroiv.]
BUR(R, sb.^ and v.^ Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Nhp. Written ber w.Yks.; birr, byrr Dur. (K.)
[bar, bir, b5(r).]
1. sb. The stone or other obstacle put behind a wheel to
stop its progress. A\so Jig.
N.Cy.', Dur. (,K.\ Cum. \j.P.), Cum.', n.Yks.'^, m.Yks.'
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Sept. 19, 1891') ; Put a burr ontui her
nagtrlin' tongue, Binns Yksnian. Xmas. No. (1888) 23; w.Yks.',
Nhp.'
2. An impediment, annoyance ; a hinderer.
Cum.', n.Yks. 2
3. An obstruction of solid rock found in cutting a ' gate '
or level shaft in soft strata; rough stone from the quarry.
Wni.', Chs.'
4. The chock placed behind a crowbar and used as a
fulcrum.
Nhb.' Raised by levers and burs on rollers up an inclined plane,
Hodgson Hist. Nhb. pt. ii. HI. 276.
5. V. To block or stop the wheel of a cart, wagon, &c.,
by placing a stone or other obstacle behind it.
Dur. Gibson (//I /;'«(»■</«/(■ G/. (1870) aK. ) Wm. (B.K.) n.Yks.',
e.Yks.', m.Yks.' w.Yks. Burr that back wheel and give the horse
a rest (M.N.) ; Ber that wheel I — Ah am burrin it, Leeds Merc,
Sup/yl. (Sept. 19, 1891); w.Yks.= 3, Nhp.l
6. To hinder, impede.
Cum.' He bur't me. w.Yks. Yks. N. & Q. (1888) II. 16.
7. To prop up, to fix open.
m.Yks.' w.Yks. N. & Q. ( 18881 II. 16 ; w.Yks.3 To bur a gate.
8. Coiiip. Bur-wall, a wall inclined against a bank ; a
supporting wall. w.Yks. '^, e.Lan.'
BUR(R. sb." Stf Lin. Shr. Hrf. Ken. I.W. Wil. Dor.
Som. Ibair).]
1. A hard siliceous stone, used esp. for millstones.
Str. Gcol. Surv. Vert. Sect. 43. WU. Old French burrs be the
best stone [for millstones], Jefferies Gt Estate .iSSi) 164.
2. A millstone, the centre of a millstone. n.Lin.', I.W.
(C.J.V.)
3. A whetstone, of sandstone formation, for a scythe.
Shr.' ; Shr.'' 'A Brister burr' is one from Bristol, gen. flat on
either side. Shr., Hrf. Bound Piov. (1876;. Dor. Barnes GI.
(1863). Som. (VV.FJJ.)
BUR(R
[454]
BURROE
4. Rubble-stone for the construction of walls, &c. ; a soft
limestone found in the Purbeck quarries.
w.Cy. Bur is still a west-country name for rubble-stone, Jack-
son IVad/iam Coll. (1893) 39. Dor. Woodward Geol. Eng. and
VVal. (.1876) Z05.
5. A coagulated mass of bricks which by some accident
have refused to become separated. Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.'
BUR(R, s6.* Yks. Chs. and in gen. dial, use in midl.
and s. counties. The sweetbread or pancreas of any
animal, esp. of a calf or lamb.
w.Yks.i, Chs,i23, Stf.i2 Der.i Obs.; Der.=, nw.Der.l, Nhp.>=,
War. (J.RW.), War.2, s.Wor. (H K.\ s.Wor.i, Shr.'2, Hrf.'2,
Glo.'2 Mid. Rumps and Burs sold here, and baked sheep's-heads
will be continued every night, if the Lord permit, Life J. Lacking-
ion (ed. 1830,1 175, in N. & Q. (1868) 4th S. i. 175. Ess. Grose
(1790^ MS. add. Hmp.i Wil. Britton Beauties (1825); WU.'
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873').
[Pancfeas, the sweet-bread, bur. Coles (1679).]
BUR(R, sb.^ Citm. Yks. Der. Lin. Nhp. e.An. Ken.
Sus. Hnip. [bar, ba(r).] A halo or faint luminous disk
round the moon,^c«. betokening rain. See Brough, sb.^
Cum. If t'bur o' fmuin be far away Mek heaste an' hoose yer
cworn an' hay, Piov, (E.W.P.) ; Cum.' Lakel. EtLWooD (1895).
n.Yks.2, Der.', n.Lin.', Nhp.', e.An.' Nrf. Near burr, far rain ;
far burr, near rain, Prov. (W.R.E.) ; Nrf.', Suf. ^F.H.) Ken.
(P.M.V, Ken.' The larger the burr the nearer the rain. Su5.,
Hmp. HOLLOWAY.
Hence Burred (buried), adj. Of the moon: surrounded
by a halo.
Nhp. And 'buried [sic] moons' foretel great storms at night,
Clare Village Min. (1821) II. 27.
[Burrow, a circle about the moon foresheweth wet,
cloudy, rough or uncertain weather, Comenius (1647) 64.]
BUR(R, sb.'' Nhp.' VVar.^ se.Wor.' Oxf. (J.E.) Cor.^
[b5(r).] The nut of a screw or bolt ; a piece of iron or
wood to protect the screw or bolt. See Purr.
BUR(R, sb.^ Sc. [bar.] The tongue of a shoe ; the
edge of the upper leather. S. & Ork.\ Bnft".'
BURR, sb. and v. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum.
1. sb. The pronunciation of the letter r.
n.Cy. I consider [the burr] a modern accidental growth very
conspicuous . . . though quite inessential to the dialect. . . .
[North of the Cheviots] a strong burr has been heard at Kielder
and Falstone, Ellis Proniinc. (1889) V. 641,644; The northern
limits of the burr are very sharply defined, there being no transi-
tional sound between it and the Sc. r. . . , Along the line of the
Cheviots, the Sc. r has driven the burr a few miles back, perhaps
because many of the farmers and shepherds are of Scottish origin,
Murray Dial. (1873) 86-7 ; N.Cy.' Nhb. Say wor burr becomes us
weel, Oliver Sngs. (1824) 7 ; The tradition is that the Nhb. burr
began as a personal defect of the celebrated Hotspur, wasimitatedby
his co.mpanions, and by the Earldom as a whole, Anglia (1880) III.
376 ; Nhb.' The line within which the burr is spoken may be said
to coincide with Nhb., but it passes n. of the Tweed at Berwick,
and over into the county of Dur. on its «. centre. At Sunderland
and South Shields an absence of the strong r marks off a dial.
difference. Cum. Heard on the Nhb. border (M.P.).
2. Coiiip. Burr-castle, a contemptuous name for New-
castle. N.Cy.'
3. V. To make a whirring sound in the throat in pro-
nouncing the letter r. Hence Burian, vbl. sb. the act of
sounding the letter r. Bnff.'
BURR, see Birr, Buil.
BURRA, sA. Sh.&Or.I. [ba'ra.]
1. The common kind of rush or coarse grass, Jiincus
sqiiarrosiis.
Sh. & Or.I. Burra is a valuable food for sheep in Sh. in winter,
Agric. Siirv. Sh. 65 (Jam.). Sh.I. (W.A.G.) ; {Coll. L.L.B.) ;
S. & Ork.'
2. Cowfi. Burra-soil, dry, peaty soil. S. & Ork.'
BURRALS, sb. pi. Obs. Wm. Som. A contraction
of Burrow-walls, applied to the town walls at Appleby
and Bath. (K.)
BURRAN, sb. n.Rxb. A badger.
n.FUb. Nature (Aug. 11, 1887 339 (in Nhb.'); The Yetholm
gypsies call the badger ' Burran,' Lucas Stud. Niddcrdale (c. i88a;
Iiilrod. 24.
BURRANET, sb. Cor. The sheldrake, Tcidurna cor-
uttta. Cf. burrow-duck.
Cor. Carew Survey (1602) 35; Cor.'^
[Biir(>; sh.'^ + auii, ME. enede, a duck, cp. MLat. atteta
(DUCANGE).]
BURR AS, sb. w.Yks.2* [ba'ras.] Borax.
[Boras, Chaucer C. T. a. 630. Fr. borras, borax
(COTGR.).]
BURREL, sb. Ayr. (Jam.) [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] A hollow piece of wood used in twisting
ropes. Also called Cock-a-bendy (q.v.). Cf. boraL
BURREL, adj. Sc. See quot.
Abd. The inferior land . , . was called one fur ley, if the whole
surface was ploughed, or burrel ley, where there was only a narrow
ridge ploughed, and a large stripe of barren land between every
ridge, Agric. Su>-v. Abd. (1811) 235 (Jam.) ; Burrel rigs in various
places not under the plough within living recollection, Alexander
Notes and Sketches (1877) 47.
BURREN-MYRTLE, sb. Glw. The red bearberry,
Arctostaphyllos Uva-iirsi, so called from its abundance on
the Burren mountains.
BURRENT, sb. Cum. Yks. Also written burran
w.Yks. [ba'rant.] A fox's earth. See Borran.
Cum. Though Borrowdale and Wyburn heids He ivvery burrent
kent, Richardson Talk (1871) 40, ed. 1876. w.Yks. Barean,
Barend, and Borron, a well-known word in n.Cy., a rocky slope or
hill, where foxes and badgers burrow. It ranges at least as far 5.
as Kettlewell, where it appears as Borrance, the stony screes
below the limestone girdles or cliffs. It is also called Burran,
Nature (Aug. 11, 1887) 339 ^in Nhb.').
BURRIAN, sb. Sc. Irel. The red-throated diver,
Co/j'iiibus sepfciitnoiialis.
Ayr. SwAiNSON Birds (1885') 214. N.I.'
BURRIE, V. and sb. Sc. [ba'ri.]
1. V. To push in a rough manner ; to crowd round in
a somewhat confused, violent manner.
Bnff.' A' the loons cam roon him, an' burriet 'im[oyat 'im]. A'
the bairns cam burriein' aboot the door.
Hence (i) Burrie, adv. rudely, roughly; (2) Burriean,
vbl. sb. the act of crowding or pushing in a rough manner.
Bnff.' He came burrie against the bairn, an' knockit it our.
2. To overpower in working, or in striving at work.
n.Sc. (Jam.)
3. sb. The act of crowding; a rough push.
Bnff.' Ane o' the loons ran past him, ga' 'im a burrie, an' gogglt
'im fin he wi:; vreetin*.
4. A game among children.
BnfF.' Abd. A boy's game played in the open street, within
marked bounds, ^fH. the space occupied by so many houses on
either side. Within this boundary a boy stands in the middle of
the street, while his playmates stand on one or both of the pave-
ments, endeavouring to cross the street without being caught or
touched. If one of them is caught he has to take his place in the
middle of the street until he catches another (A.W.).
BURRING, prp. Sur. I.W. [baTin.] ' Making a
droning noise ; purring.
Sur. The child's burrin' like a puckeridge [night-jar], Baring-
Gould Broojn-SquiiT (1896) 272. sw.Sur. (T.T.C.) I.W. The
clink, clink, of the blacksmith's hammer made cheery melody to
the burring accompaniment of bellows and flame, Gray Annesley
(1889) III. 33.
BURRIT, sb. w.Yks.2 [ba-rit.] The rounded head
of a rivet. See Bur(r, sb7
BURRIT, adj. S. & Ork.' Applied to sheep : black
with white round the tail.
BURROCH, sb. and v. Sc. [baTax-]
1. sb. An enclosure; a band to keep a cow still while
being milked.
Ayr. In the byre she's aye cannie, nor e'er needs a burroch.
Ballads > 1846) I. loi.
2. V. To fasten a cow's legs to prevent her kicking.
Per. (G.W.) Cf. barrougiied.
BURROE, sb. Irel.
1. A kind of seaweed ; the tangle, Laminaria dis'tata.
N.I.'
2. Fig. A tall, shapeless person.
N.I.' When I was sixteen I grew up as tall as a big burroe.
BURROUGH
[455]
BURT
BURROUGH, sec Barrow.
BURROW, sb.\ ad;, and v} Nhp. War. Won Shr.
Hrf. Glo. Oxf. Bck. Wil. Written burru w.Wor.> se.Wor.'
s.Wor.' [bara, ba'ro.]
1. sb. Shelter from the sun or wind ; the leeward side
of a hedge, &c. Sec Bur(r, sb.'^
Nhp.' You've got a cold place there, mistress: why don't you
get under the burrow ? War.^s, ne.Wor. (J.W.P.) w.Wor.' The
wind is pretty teart lo-daay, but if yu kips in the burru t'ull do yu
good to go out. se.Wor.*, s.Wor.', Hrf.* Glo. Sit down for thy
' nunchin' in the burrow of the hedge, Buck.man Darke's Sojoiirit
(1890) xii ; Glo.' 2 Wil.' Why doesn't thee coom and zet doon
here in the burrow ?
2. Coiiip. Burrow-hurdle, a hurdle with straw drawn
through it to protect the ewes and young lambs from the
wind.
War.3, se.Wor.', Hrf.', Oxf. (J.W.), Oxf.', Glo.'
3. ad/. Sheltered, secure from the wind, shady.
Nhp.' The plants were nicely sheltered from the frost under the
burrow wall. War.° It is very burrow here in the winter. s.War.',
Shr.' Glo. A very burrow place for cattle, N. iS-" Q. (1853) ist S.
vii. 205. Oxf. Let us move over the other side, it is more burrow
there i^A.N.) ; Oxf.', n.Bck. (AC.)
4. V. To shelter, protect from the wind.
War. That house is nicely burrowed amongst the trees (L.M.).
Wor. We'll be well burrcred from the wind here (R.M.E.).
[A burrow (covert), latibiihiin; burrowed, tutus, injuriae
ventonan iwti patiens, Coles (1679).]
BURROW, sb.^ Som. Dev. Cor. [ba'rs.] A mound
of earth, heap ; a sepulchral barrow or tumulus. Cf
barrow, sb.^
w.Som.' Mole heaps are waunt buur-uz. Dev. Kerton, among
what he called 'burroughs and buildings,' found some human bones,
Bray Desc. Tantar and Tavy (18361 I. 394. w.Dev. Marshall
Ktir. Econ. (1796). Cor. The turf is collected into separate burrows
or heaps, Quiller-Couch Hist. Polperro (18711 118; Beyond the
burrows or heaps of dead, Pearce Esther Pentreatli (1891J bk. i. i;
Cor.123
BURROW, V? Shr. To bore, penetrate.
Shr.' Them ship han burrowed thar backs i' the dyche bonk i'
the sandy leasow till the roots o' the trees bin bar'.
[The same as lit. E. burrow (vb.), to make a burrow (as
rabbits).]
BURROW, see Barrow.
BURROW DUCK, sb. Ircl. Cum. Glo. e.An. Wil. Som.
Written burrough N.I.'; borrow Cum. The common
sheldrake, Tadorna cornuta. Cf burranet.
N.I.' Cum. Hutchinson Hist. Cum. (1794) I. 455. Glo.',
e.An.' Nrf. CozensHardy Broad Nrf. (18931 50- ^''- Known
as the ' Burrow Duck' from its habit of selecting for its nest a cavity
in a rock, or a deserted burrow of a rabbit, Smith Birds (1887)
475. Som. (W.F.R.) [SwAiNSON Birds (1885I 154 ; The shel-
drake breeds in burrows made by rabbits and foxes in sand-dunes
(hence the name Burrow Duck by which it is sometimes called),
Chambers C%<cl. (1895 s. v. Sheldrake.]
BURROW(STOWN, see Borough.
BURRU, see Burrow.
BURRY, see Bury.
BURSAR, 5^. Sc. A scholar or exhibitioner at a
Scottish University.
Sc. This name [was] given to poor students, probably because
they were pensioners on the common purse, Univ. Glasg. Statist.
yJcc. xxi (Jam.); (A.W.)
Hence Bursary, sb. a scholarship or exhibition.
Sc. He's gotten a bursary worth thirty pound a year for twa
year. Swan Gates of Eden (1895I v; (A.W.) Frf. Give him a
chance of carrying a bursary, Bahrie Tommy (1896) 223. Gall.
Two students competed for Bursaries at the examination held on
Oct. 3. Report of Free Ch. Synod of Gall.' s Bursary Fund (^1873).
BURSEN, see Burst.
BURST, V. and sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Written borst Nhb.'
I. Gram, forms. [For further examples, see II. below.]
1. Pret. Tense: (i) Bursted, (2) Burstit, (3) Bussed, (4)
Bust, (5) Busted. See Bost, Brist, Brust.
(il n.Lln. 1 o'must bursted m^'sen, Peacock Tales and Rhvmes
(1886)79. Hrf.' It bursted open the door. (2) Sc. Murray /)/(j/.
(1873) 203. (,3) nw.Der,' (4) Yks, Fifteen years sin' I took
t'pledge, and never bust out but once, Baring-Gould Pennyqks.
(18701 52, ed. 1890. nw Der ', Brks.' (4) Lan. Wi wer blowin
th' bledther full o' wind an it busted S W. . (5 Nhp.' fhe wind
busted the door open. se.Wor.' Tho bwiler o' the stem injin
busted this marnin'. Hrf.', Brks.', Hmp. iH.C.M.B )
2. Pp.: (i) Bawsen, (2) Borsend,l3l Bursen, (4)Bursted,
(5) Bursten, (6) Bussen, (7) Bust, (Bj Busted, (9) Busten,
(10) Bysted.
(i) Lan. Four little childer krj''dn oz iv the'r harts wud'n
baws'n. Walker Plebeian Pol. (17961 11, ed. 1801. Chs.' Aw've
etten so mony poncakes, aw'm welly bawson. (21 Stf.^ (3 Sc.
Murray Dial. (1873) 203. (4) Lei.', Glo.' (51 Sc. Many were
bursten in the flight and died without stroke, Baillie Lett. II. 92
(17751, Note in Scott Lf^, A/oH/.(ed. i83o)xv; (Jam.) (6)Not.';
Not.2 He has bussen his braces. s.Not. OAso/. (J. P.K.) se.Wor.'
(7) Lan. The boiler's bust at Taylor's Mill (S.W.). s.Not. My
mester's bust hissen (J.P.K.i. n-Lin.' (8, Glo.' (9) e.An '
(10) Sus. He's hed be so bunched he ha bysted, Jackson South-
ward Ho (1894 I I. 389.
II. Var. dial, meanings.
1. V. To overfeed, fill to excess.
Dmf. A' that I noo dare say for shame. Is that he didna burst
them [swine], Quinn Heather (ed. 1863 1 251.
Hence (i) Bawsen-, (2) Bussen-, (3) Busten-bellied,
adj. of animals: ruptured; (4) Bussen-, (51 Bustenbilly,
adj. ruptured ; (6) Bust-pig, sb. a ' broke ' pig.
(I Chs.', Der.2, nw.Der.' 12) War. ( J.R.W. •, se.Wor.', Glo.',
Nrf.', Suf.' (31 Glo. (S.S.B) 14,5 e.An.' (6 Ken. (P.M.)
2. To be breathless and overheated from great exertion ;
to be too much for one's strength.
Fif. It was an awfu day o' heat, an' I bursted mysel' and didna
get owre't for mony a day, Robertson Provost 11894 169. Lnk.
See me burstin' mysel' here to death, Black Falls of Clyde ( 1806)
133. Slf.2 Dh' aud os puld ard, bar ar war borsand, ar kudnar
shift dh' kart a fut.
Hence (i) Bursen, (2) Bursten, pp. breathless, panting
from over-exertion, overpowered with fatigue ; (3) Bursted
or Bursen churn, /Ar. harvesting accompanied with such
labour that the sun sets before all the grain is cut.
(I) Sc. (Jam.) S. & Ork.' (2) Fif. Wearied, half-bursten with
their hot turmoil, Tennant Anster (1812) xxx. (3) Sc. (Jam.
Snppl.) N.I.'
3. To break up into small pieces, to pulverize.
n.Yks.' Gan thou an' bost thae clots i' t'far intak'. 'T'war a
shamm te bost it all i' bits.
4. sb. An outburst of drinking.
Enf. I wadna just say that she's drucken. But it's either a burst
or a starve, Barr Poems 1 1861 i no.
5. An outburst, vehement attack. Cf birst, 1.
Nhb.' To ' bide the borst ' is to stand the oncomc.
6. Over-exertion or fatigue. Cf birst, 2.
Sc. He got a burst (Jam ). Fif. It's a nasty thing a burst,
Robertson Provost (1894) 169.
BURSTER, sb. Sur. A drain under a road to carry
off" water.
Sur. A'. & Q. (1874) 5th S. i. 361 ; Sur.'
BURSTIN, 5*. Sh. &Or.I.
1. Corn dried over the fire instead of in a kiln.
Sh L {Coll. L.L.B. ) ; Or.L 1 S.A.S.) ; S. & Ork.'
2. Comp. Burstin-bruni, a round thick cake made of
burstin. S. & Ork.'
3. A dish made of com, roasted by rolling hot stones
among it till it be brown, then half ground and mixed
with sour milk. Or.I. (Jam.)
BURSTLE, sb. and v. Som. [ba'sl.]
1. sb. A bristle.
w.Som.' I wants a wax-end— mind you puts a good burstle in un.
2. V. To bristle.
w.Som.' Didn th' old dog burstle up his busk then. Our Jim's
a quiet fuller let'n alone ; but he'll zoon burstly up nif anybody
d'afTurnt'n.
[Burstyll, seta. Prompt. (Pynson's ed. 1499). Cp. Du.
borstel, hoggs bristle (Hexham).]
BURT, V. Som. [b5t.] To dent, bruise, make an
impression. See Brit, v.^
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.' Neef dhee as-n udroad
daewn dhu taungz un u biirt ee n dhu taipaut [if thou hast not
thrown down the tongs and dinted in the teapot].
BURTACK
[456]
BUSH
BURTACK, sb. Sh.I. Fire.
Sh I. Not common (K.I.)- S. & Ork.'
[Lit. a little brightness. ON. biiii, light, brightness +
-ac/;, dim. suff., see Jakobsen Norsk in Shetland (1897)
94, 104.]
BURTHEN, see Burden.
BURTON, sb} Glo. A blend of two kinds of beer
drunk at Bristol.
Glo. When the Burton came we found that it was a very poor
drink— a sort of small beer, A', tf Q. (1870) 4th S. v. 276 ; Largely
drunk by the poorer classes : it consists of three parts ale and one
part beer. The ale is the commonest brewed, and is known as
'One X.'CS.S.B.)
BURTON, sb?- Irel. A chap-book.
Wxf. Various chap-books or Burtons, Kennedy Banks Boro
(1867) 292.
BURTON.CHINE, sb. Nhb.^ A chain made of very
good iron, used in lowering and hoisting the masts of keels
and wherries.
BUR-TREE, see Bour-tree.
BURVIL, sb. Obs. Pem. Bed.
s.Pera. Now then, brats, be off to burvil, 'tis gwayin laat
(W.M.M.).
BURY, sb} and v. Chs. Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Shr.
Hrf. Glo. Oxf Brks. Hrt. Bdf. Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp. Wil.
Som. Dev. Written berry w.Som.' ; burry Wil.' [baTi.]
1. sb. A rabbit-hole. Cf. burrow, v.'^, bur(r, sb.'^
s.Wor. PoRSON Quaint IVi/s. (1875) 12. Slir.', Hrf.^, Glo.i,
Brks. (M.J.B.), KeiT (P.M.), Ken.', Sur.', Sus.' Hmp. Rats . . .
makes their burries in the hill, Verney L. Lisle U870) x. Wil.
Bevis wanted to see the glade and the rabbits' burries, Jefferies
Bevis (1882^ xxix ; Wil.' w.Som.' Called also u buur'ee u oa'Iz
[a berry of holes]. It is applied equally to the ' earths' or holes of
foxes or badgers ; never applied to a single hole. Dhu buur'ee wuz
dhaat baeg, dhu fuur uts keod-n git urn aewt [the berry was so
big the ferrets could not get them ithe rabbits) out]. A single
hole might be called a burrow, though rarely, but never a buuree.
D«v. (W.L.-P.)
2. A hole in the ground, in which potatoes, &c., are
stored for winter use. Hence a heap of roots or potatoes
covered with earth to protect them from frost.
s.Chs.' Obs. Lei.', Nhp.', War.23, se.Wor.', s.Wor.', Slir.',
Hrf.2 Glo. You must get some more potatoes to-morrow out of
the bury (A.B.) ; Glo.' Oxf.' MS. add.
3. A heap of manure or compost.
War. Morton Cyclo. Agiic. (18631. Hrf. (W.W.S.)
4. V. To cover or to be covered over with earth.
Hrt. Be sure to plow as shallow as possible that you do not
bury, as we call it, the sheep's dung, Ellis Mod. Hiisb. (1750) \. i.
Bdf. Wheat that is ploughed into the soil is liable to bury, in con-
sequence ofwhich a shallow furrow is preferred, BATCHEL0R.<4^n'<r.
(1813 373-
BURY, sb.^ Bdf. The chief homestead, residence of
the chief lord of the soil ; used only in place-names
(J.W B.). Cf barton, 3.
BURYANS, see Bruyans.
BURY-HOLE, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Not. Lin. War. A
child's name for the grave.
w.Yks.2 Lan. He . . . felt at he could ha' fun in his hart t'a
chuck her into a berry-hole, Brierley Traddlepin Fold^ v ; Lan.'
Eavvr little Ben's i'th bury-hole, isn't he, mam ? Waugh Sncci-
Bant {1868) ni. Chs.'^, s.Clis.' s.Not. They put 'er in a bury-'ole,
an' we never seed 'er again fJ.P.K.). n.Lin.', War.^
BURYING, vbl. sh. Gen. dial, use in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also Amer. Written berrin w.Yks.'^* Lan.' e.Lan.'
Chs.'3 Der.=' nw.Der.' Nhp.' War.^ Shr.' Oxf.' Hmp.'
Cor.'^; berryin Cum.' Wm.' w.Yks.*; burin w.Som.'
Dcv.3 [barin.]
1. A funeral, burial.
Sc. The evening of their father's burying. Swan Gates of Eden
(1895) X. e.Ltli. A man . . . wha by a' appearance wad offeeciate
at our buryins. Hunter /. Inwick (1895) 245. Ir. The expenses
of her ' buryin ' would certainly be defrayed by the House, Barlow
Idylls (1892) 163. w.Ir. Saint Kairn gev him an illigant wake and
a beautiful berrin'. Lover Leg. (1848) I. 16. s.Ir. At his brother's
berrin, Croker Z.fi^.( 1862 57. Cum.' Wm. Wclaughatawedding,
and we cryataberring,HuTTONiJ>-a» A'cw IVark I i-j&^)\. 11; Wm.'
n.Yks.* To be ' decently brought out,' or in other words to have ' a
menseful burying,' P;e/; 9. e.Yks.' w.Yks. Tha'll coom to t'berrin ?
Yus, says ah. Ah sail be varry diad, Preston Poems (1864) 9 ; Ta
dream of a wedding is t'sign of a berrin', Prov. in Bnghouse News
(July 20, 1889) ; w.Yks.'234 . w.Yks.^ It is the custom to serve
those who are bid in the ' house.' Wine is handed round, and a
large sponge-cake given to each in a sealed packet, having printed
on the outside an appropriate verse or two, even if those most
concerned are unable to read them. Chairs are carried into the
middle of the street and the corpse brought out, sung over, and
then carried by the bearers (still singing) at a slow march to the
top of the street where the hearse is waiting. Lan. Yo'r laitht to
th' buryin to-morrow at oneo'clock, Brierley IVavertotv C1884I 6;
Lan', e Lan.', mXan.' Chs.' There is a superstition that coffin-
makers, shroud-makers, and grave-diggers can always tell when
they are going to have a ' berryin ' ; Chs.^, Fit. (T.K.J.), Der.'*,
nw.Der.'. n.Lin.', Nhp.' War.^ A berrin, a berrin, A good fat
herrin, Children s gntyte-rhyme at a mock funeral'^ War.^, Shr.' Hrf,
Wen anney boddy died, we young 'uns liked to zee the berryin
{Coll. L.L.B.). Oxf.', Hmp.' Som. Jennings Obs. Dial zvEng.
[ 1825). w.Som.' Dhai bee gwain t-oa'l dhu buur een u Zad urdee.
Dev.^ Cor. Aw looked so solemn, soas, as ef aw \vor to a berren,
Trigellas Tales (i860) 38; Cor.'2 [U.S.A. ^a/. iVo/« (1895)
I. 385]
Hence Berriner, sb. a person attending a funeral.
w.Yks. Common in Wilsden, Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Sept. 19, 1891) ;
w.Yks.'
2. Comp. (i) Burying-biscuits, sponge biscuits distri-
buted to the mourners at a funeral ; (2) -cake, a funeral
cake ; (3) -coach, a funeral hearse ; (4) -ground, a grave^
yard or cemetery; (5) -hole, a grave; (6) -house, the
liouse from which the funeral comes ; (7) -stools, the stools
or trestles on which coffins are set at a funeral; (8) -towels,
towels used for carrying a coffin ; (9) -tune, the tune to
which a hymn is sung on the way to the church at
a funeral.
(i) w.Yks. (SK.C.) (2) w.Yks. With berrin' cakes he wer'
sent, IVadsley Jack (1866) Introd. i; w.Yks.', n.Lin.' (3) Lan.
Does thae see that berrin coach ? Waugh Ben an' Bantam (1867)
224. (4"! Frf. I was walking wi' the wife i' the buryin' ground,
Barrie Thrums (1889) xiii. Fif We entered the old burying,
ground, as the graveyard was called, Robertson Provost (1894)
163. w.Yks. Yo' mud as weel seek wark i' a burying ground,
Snowden Web of Weaver (1896) iv. (5) Stf.', nw.Der.' (6)
n.Yks.2 If the ' burying house ' itself is not large enough, the
neighbours offer their apartments, Pcf/ 9. (7 n.Lin.' (8) n.Yks.'
The coffin is almost never borne on the shoulders, but suspended
by means of towels passed under it (s.v. Arval) ; n.Yks. 2, n.Lin.'
Not., Lin., Dev., Cor. N. tf Q. (1877) 5th S. vii. 344, 458. (9)
Cor.'
3. In phr. H^s been ta Jerry' berrin' an^ helped ta hug,
prov. answering to ' once bit, twice shy,' he has been
deceived once and won't be again ; (2) to fetch a burying,
to accompany the corpse.
(i) w.Yks. Prov. in Bnghouse News (Sept. 14, 1889). (a)
Hrf.' 2
4. A heap of potatoes covered with mould to protect
them from frost. Oxf
BURYING, prp. Cum. Nhp. Hrf In phr. (i) burying
old Tom, a drinking festivity among labourers on New
Year's Eve; (2) — his or the old wife, the feast given by
an apprentice at the expiration of his articles.
(l) Hrf. Brand Pop. Antiq. (ed. 1870) I. 12. (a) Cum.', Nhp.'
BURY-ME-WICK, int. Der. An ejaculation, exclama-
tion, meaning bury-me-alive !
Der. You'll do it to day, bury-nie-wick, but you shall, Le Fanu
Uncle Silas (1865) I. 295.
BURY-MUFFS, sb. pi. Lan. A jocular term applied
to the inhabitants of Bui-y. (S.W.)
BUSE, see Boose.
BUSEFUL, adj. Wil. Abusive, foul-mouthed. See
Abuseful.
n.Wil. He's a terrible buseful chap (E.H.G.). Wil.'
BUSEY, adj. w.Som. Abusive.
w.Som. Btie'zee, Elworihy Gram. (1877) 20.
BUSGY, see Busky.
BUSH, s6.' and z*.' Sc. Irel. Yks. Chs. Stf Lin. Wor.
Hrt. e.An. Ken. Sus. Hmp. Wil. Som. Cor.
1. sb. A thorn.
BUSH
[457]
BUSHEL
Hrt. I hear as liow the master has a bush in his foot (H.G.).
Suf. A man says he has a bush in his finger (^C.T.) ; e.Aii.Dy.
Tiiues {i8ga). Sus. (F.A.A.) ; (.F.E.) Hmp. Your dog has a bush
in his foot, De Crespicny & Hutchinson Arif Forest (1895) 112;
I've a rosebush down me nail, an' it do hurt (W.M.E.F.) ; Hmp.i
2. The gooseberry bush. [Unknown to our correspon-
dents.]
Ken.i Them there bushes want pruning sadly ; Ken.^
3. A faggot made of whitetliorn or blackthorn. See
Bushfaggot.
Ken. Kdwai'd Colings [paid working] Bourn Wood [inter aha]
112 biisli, £0. 3. 2, Mavhini Farm Aces. (1794).
4. A heavy hurdle or gate with its bars interlaced with
brushwood and thorns, which is drawn over pastures, in
spring, and acts like a light iiarrow. VVil.' See Bush-
harrow.
5. A bed of reeds.
e.An.' When a wounded fowl swims from the open water into
the reeds it is said to have got into the bush.
6. A tree.
Ant. (,W.H.P.); Who lives over there among the bushes'
(W.J.K.)
7. In pi. Masses of seaweed growing on sunken rocks,
and exposed at low water. N.I.'
8. Conip. (1) Bush-bred, of sheep: bred upon the hills
in the neighbourhood of Roinney Marsh ; (2) -chat, the
w\\mc\'Lat,Fratiuciilarubclra; (3) -draining, under-draining
done with bushes ; (4) -eels, snakes ; (5) -faggot, a faggot
made of whitethorn or blackthorn ; (6) -house, a house
which on the occasion of a fair or other festivity sold beer
and cider witli or without a licence ; (7) -lark, the corn
hunting, Emberiza miliaria ; (8) -magpie, the common
magpie, P/f« r«s//fa ; (9) -oven, the long-tailed titmouse,
Acrcditla rosea ; (loj -sparrow, the hedge-sparrow, /icc?«-
tor iiiodularis.
(i) Ken. Young.<4k)/. Agrir. (178.^-1815'). (2) w.Yks. Sw.mnson
B/rrfi (1885) 11. (3) n.Yks. (I.VV.) e.Nrf. Marshall /^swui
('783^. [Grose (1790).] (4) Lin. Hone Table-bk. (1827) 11. 224.
(5) Suf. As rough as a bush-faggot, Prov. (F.H.) Ken. Of
J no. Lester for 68 bush faggots, i cord of wood, and 200 of
staiks, £t. 5. 6, Maylaiii Farm Aces. 1787, Dec. 29 (P.M.). (6)
se.Wor.^ Indicated by a bush fixed up at the door. Suppressed
1863. Som. (W. F. R.) Cor. Starling from some ' busli-house '
where he had been supping too freely of the fair-ale, Flk-Lore Jrn.
(1886) IV. 233 ; Cor.2 MS. add. (7^ Ir. Swainson Birds (1885)
69. (8) w.Wor. Like a bush magpie, he's two holes in his coot —
one to go in at, and the tother for boltin', Bcrroiu's Jni. (Mar. 10,
1888) ; In days of cock-fighting it was not unusual to put the eggs
of game-fowl into the nests of carrion-crows and bush-magpies,
under the notion that the fowls thus hatched would be more
game (H.K.). (9) Nrf. Swainson Birds (1885) 32. (10) Slg.
16. 28.
9. V. To place thorns on land to prevent poachers from
netting partridges. See Bosk.
s.Chs.', n.Lin.i Midi. That field is not half bushed. I've been
bushing all the week [said by an under-keeper] (^W.B.T.V
10. To drag a hurdle, or gate interwoven with rough
bushes, over grass land. See Bush-harrow.
n.Wil. This is to beat up the lumps of earth or manure that have
been scattered over it (E.H.G.i. Wil.'
11. In phr. Bttsh the fire, put on more lurze.
Cor.' Only used where there are open chimneys and no grates.
12. Obs. To retreat from a bargain, as though getting
behind a bush for shelter.
s.Cy. (Hall.) e.Sus. Huiloway.
13. To be idle, to shirk work. Stf '
BUSH, sb.^ Cor. Two hoops fixed on a short pole,
passing through each other at right angles, used for
signalling the position of a school of pilchards.
Cor.* Hoops arc covered with white calico, and used as signals
by a person standing on a hill to show where pilchards lie in a bay ;
Cor.2
BUSH, sb.^ Sc. n.Cy. Wm. Yks. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp.
War. Shr. [buj.] A ring of metal inserted round a shaft,
axle-rod, &c., to take the wear and reduce the friction
produced by the constant rubbing ; an iron socket. Also
fig. Cf bowk, sb.'^
Frf. For cleaning liarness, the bushes of cartwheels, &c.,
VOL. I.
Stlphens Farm Bk. (I84g^ I. 312. N.Cy.' Wm. A heavy drinkrr
will be frequently referred to as one whose throat ' wants a new
bush' (H.K.); Wm.' Yks. Yks. U'kly. Post (Aug. 11, 1883) 6.
n.Yks. T'bush o' t'grunston is lowce (l.W.V Not.', n Lin.', Lei.',
Nhp.', War.3, Shr.' [(7/. io4. , 1894 .]
Hence (i) Bush, v. to sheathe, enclose in a case or
box, fit a metal lining to a cylindrical body ; (2) Bushing,
vbl. sb. the operation of fitting a metal lining as above;
also fig. ; (3) Bushing-piece, sb. a piece of metal made to
increase or reduce the size of the thread on or in the end
of a tube, &c.
(i) Sc. (Jam.), War.3 (2) Wm. One who has suffered from
diarrhcea will s.iy, 'Ah want bushing afresh ' (B. K.). [G/. Lab.
( 1894).] (3"! War.3 A fitter would ask for a 2/8 3/8 (bushing piece)
or a 3/8 2/8 (reducing piece), according to the nature of the work
to be done.
[The busshes are irons within the hole of the nave to
keep it from wearing. Holme Ac. Ariitoiy (1688) 332. Cp.
Bremen busse (IVtbdi.), Sw. basse, G. biichse.]
BUSH, t'.* Dev. Cor. [buj.] To administer the rite
of Confirmation. See Bishop, v.
n.Dev. Bushed or unbushed, if Death jet'th one. Ha must obey
es call, RocKyii;i nji' AV//(i867) st. 100. s.Dev. 'Tis always Bishops
who bush the folks, Church Times (.Oct 10, i8go 963. Cor.THo.MAS
Raiidi^at Rlivtiies f 1895'. Gl.
BUSH, v.^ Pem. Glo. Dev. To butt with the head or
horns, gore, toss. Cf buck, v.'
s. Pem. Laws Lilde E>ig. (1888"! 419; Is that bull bushing?
(W.M.M.) Glo. Grose (1790") MS. add. (H.) Dev. But now she
bushing roars, and makes a pudder, Peter Pindar Hair Poicder
(1816) III. 25; Reports Proviiic. (1877") 128; Dev.' Thicca bull
yender look'th zo. — Why, thee dist'n think a will bush tha, mun !
pt. ii. 12. nw.Dev.' Mind yurzell now, cr he'll bush ee.
[He may busche ajenst men . . .and breke strong dores
wi() his heed, Trevisa His^den (1387) II. 191.]
BUSH, v.* Cor. [buj'] To strike the ears ot corn
against a barrel instead of threshing it with a fiail.
Cor.' When straw was wanted for thatching, w-omcn were
employed to beat out the corn into a barrel with the head out ;
Cor.2
BUSH, 7'.' Sc. Gf;;. with prep. »(^ and «io»//: to move
nimbly, tidy up. See Busk, v?
Sc. [Jan. Siippl.) Slg. Bush about, lassie ; bush up, noo G.W.).
BUSH,/;;/. Sc. Expressive of a rushing sound.
Peb. Till bush I — lie gae a desperate spue, Nicol Poems (1805)
115 (Jam.V
BUSH, see Push.
BUSHEEN, sb. pi. Wxf ' Growing bushes.
[Bush, sb.' -t- -f<;;, Ir. -;;;, dim. suft".]
BUSHEL, 5i.' and v. Obsol. In gcii. dial, use in Sc.
Eng. and Wal. Also written bushely w.Som.'
1. sb. A dry measure of capacity used for corn, vege-
tables, &c., varying according to district.
Ayr. Two pecks. Gall. Of barley : from 46 to 53 lbs. Of lime
or potatoes : the Carlisle bush. Dur. Of corn : gcii. 5 per cent,
above the stand.ird ; in some parts 8 J gall. At Stockton, of oats :
35 lbs. Of wheat: 60 lbs. Cum. At Carlisle, 96 quarts == 24 gall.
At Penrith, of barley, o.ats, and potatoes: 20 gall. Of rye and
wheat: 16 gall. Wm. 3 Winchester bush. At Appleby, of
barley : 2] bush. Of potatoes, 2 bush. n.Yks. In 5. part i quart
above the standard; in 11. 2, sometimes 10 per cent., or more
than 3. e.Yks. Farmeis sell b\- i bu-sh. above the standard ; corn-
merchants by the Winchcstci bush. Lan. Of potatoes : gen.
90 lbs. not cleaned. At Liverpool, of barley, beans, and oats :
a gall. Winchester measure; barley is sold at 60 lbs. to the bush.,
oats at 45. Of wheat: 70 lbs. Chs. Of barley : 60 lbs. Of oats :
45 to 50 lbs. Of potatoes : 90 lbs. Of wheat : 70 to 75 lbs.,
Morton Cyelo. Agrie. (1863); Clis."^ n.Wal. Of potatoes : 74
lbs., Morton Cyclo. .^gric. (,1863). Stf. Six [strikes] of malt or
oats, Ray (1691) MS. add. (J.C.); Of barley, beans, oats, and
pease: 9' gall. Of wheat : 72 lbs. Der. Of potatoes : 90 lbs.,
Morton Cvelo. Agn'e. ;i863'i; Der.' 2 strikes or 8 pecks. n.Lin.'
One-fourth of a quarter of corn, not one eighth, as in most other
parts of Eng. The strike or half bush, represents here, and in some
other parts of Lindsey, the legal bush. Lei. Of grain : 8! tog gall.
Of malt: 8 gall. Ofpotatoes: 80 lbs., Morton Cvir/o.W^nf. (.I863^.
War. 2 strikes or 2 bush., Winchester measure, Ray (1691). Wor.
At Worcester, 8'» gall. ; at Evesham, 9 gall. ; in some parts 9I or
9j gall. Ofwhcat; ggall. weigh 7olbs. andmakc56of Hour. SUr.
BUSHEL
[458]
BUSK
Of barley, pease, and wheal : 9I to 10 gall. ; of wheat, weighing
from 70 to 80 lbs. ; of oats, at Shrewsbury 3^ bush., weighing about
93 lbs., MoRTO.N Cycto. Agtic. (1863) ; Shr.i Strike, bushel, measure,
are synonymous terms, but 'strike' is giving place as 3. gen. usage
to ' bushel.' The quantities sold under these respective denomina-
tions are not, however, uniformly equal, Intiod. Ixxxv. Mtg.
20 gall., called 2 strikes. Welshpool, of malt : i\ of the corn
bush. = 18 gall. Of oats : 7 hoops of 5 gall. , heaped. Fishguard,
2 Winchester bush. Caerphili, of wheat : the Winchester bush. ,
estimated to weigh 67} lbs. ; at Aberthaw 64 ; at other places the
bush, of 10 gall, is required to weigh 80 lbs., Morton Cydo. Agyic.
(1863% Hrf. Du.NcuMD Hist. Hrf. (1804-18121 ; Of grain: 10
gall. Of malt: 8| gall. Mon. From 10 to loj and nearly 11 gall.
s.Wal. Of oats : the Winchester bush, of the old kind of oats
required to weigh 41, lbs. ; of the new, 45 lbs. Brk. 10 gall.
Glo. Commonly 9j gall., but varying from 9 and 9J- to 10. Oxf.
Of wheat : 9 gall.'3 pints. Brks. Of corn : in some parts, g gall.
Bdf. Till lately 2 pints above the standard. Mid. Of potatoes :
56 lbs., Morton Cydo. Agyic. (1863). Ken. One still speaks of a
gallon of bread, but formerly one also spoke of a bushel ol bread.
' In the pantry 4 bush, of wheat ground, i bush, and 5 gall, baked
into \,xs?A; PhickUy Vestry Dk. (Oct. 29, i-jBgi (P.U.). Sur. Of
potatoes : 60 lbs. Of turnips : 50 lbs. Sus. Of wheat : in some
parts, 9 gall. Dor. Of hemp seed : sometimes 9 gall. Dev. Of
barley : often 30 lbs. Of oats : often 36 or 40 lbs. Of wheat :
the fourth peck heaped. Cor. 24 gall. The double measure of
16 gall, is also used in the e. parts and runs occasionally to 17 or
Jl\ ; the triple in the zc. parts. Of potatoes : 220 lbs., Morton
Cydo. Agric. (1863); Cor.3
2. A custom observed at the Red Lion Inn, Shoreham,
on New Year's Day, when a bushel measure is filled with
beer, and all comers are entitled to a free drink.
Sus. A new bushel corn measure is used, decorated with
flowers and green paper. When filled with frothed-up beer, it
has the appearance of a huge cauliflower. It is filled twice, first
by the brewers, Vallancc, Catt and Co., and next by the company,
who partake of it, Flk-Loie Jrn. (1883) I. 192; The Bushel [is]
an old custom still kept up, Sawyer Flk-Lore 1^1883) 2.
3. Coinp. (i) Bushel-breeks, wide, baggy trousers ; (2)
-iron, scrap-iron ; (3) -loaf, a bushel of ilour made into
bread and baked in one large loaf.
( I Ayr. I daursay I lookit droll enough in his bushle-breeks,
which were a worl' owre big for me, Service Dr. Dugiiid ( 1B87)
131. (2) Nhb.i Obs. (3) Ken. Bushel-loaves were formerly baked
for Christmas (P.M.").
4. In phr. (i) To measure another's corn by one's oitm
bushel, or to tneastire anotlier a peck out of one's otvn bushel,
to judge of another's disposition or experience by one's
own ; (2) under the bushel, in subjection.
(I; w.Vks.', Nhp.' (2" Dev. Mrs. Smith seems to keep Smith
pretty much under the bushel, Repoits Proline. (1E83' 83.
5. V. To measure grain with a bushel measure.
w.Som.' Beo-shl. [G/. Lab. (1894'.]
6. To yield so as to quickly fill the bushel measure ;
sometimes with prep. up.
•w.Wor.' Good hops are said by the pickers to bushel-up well.
■w.Som.' The wheat don't half beo'shlce de year, same's I've a
knowcd it avorc now.
BUSHEL, si.2 Fif. (Jam.) A small dam made in
a gutter in order to intercept water. See Gushel.
[Cp. Du. busse, a channell or a gutter (Hexham).]
BUSHERIES, sA. //. Sc. Clumps of bushes.
Elg. What fine lawns and fawns, shrubberies and busheries,
Coi-PER ToHh/iealioiis {1803) II. 131.
BUSHET,». Glo. Also in form busket(H.T.E.). To
throw out suckers, shoot out at the roots, sprout.
Glo. Gl. (1851) ; (H.T.E.-) ; Glo.»
[The same word as OFr. bouset, ' petit bois ' (Godefroy
Siippl., s.v. boschet).]
BUSH-HARROW, sb. and v. Lin. War. Mid. and in
gen. dial. use. [buj-ara.]
1. sb. A harrow made by inserting thorns in a frame of
wood. See Bush, si.' 4.
n.Lin.', War.^ Mid. The seed is covered by a bush-harrow,
Marshall Reiiew (1817'! V. 136. [Bush-harrow.s, which are at
work in the meadows at this time of 3'car, are drudges or dredges,
Jefferies Hiignu. (1880"! 201.]
2. V. To go over land with a bush-harrow. n.Lin.',
sw.Lin.'
BUSHMENT, sb. Som. Dev. Cor. A thicket, a bushy
place.
w.Som.' Twaud-n noa vuurdur oa-f-n dhik dhae'ur beo-shmunt
[it was no further off than that thicket]. Very common. Dev., Cor.
Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 544.
[Woods, briars, bushments, Raleigh Hist. World
(Johnson 1.]
BUSHT, s6. n.Sc A box, usedy?^. See Saut-boosht.
n.Sc. The aul' 'umman lives in a bit busht o' a roomie, bit a'
thing in't's as nait's a new preen (W.G.V
BUSHY BANDY BEE, — BARNABY, see Bishop
Barnabee.
BUSHY-TOPPIN'D, ppl. adj. Lin. [bu'Ji-topind.]
Having a bushy tuft of feathers on the head.
Lin. It was bushv-toppin'd like a dozzil iM.P.).
BUSINESS, sb. Lin. Wor. Brks. Ken. [bi'znas.]
1. A fuss.
Brks.i A maayde a gurt business about um a-taaj-kin' his
spaayde wi'out axin.
2. Farming, a farm ; to be in business, to be a farmer.
s.Wor. (H.k.l, Ken.2
3. Coiup. Business-cov7, a cow which gives a good
supply of milk and cream. n.Lin.'
BUSK, sb.^ and v.' Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der.
Lin. [busk.]
1. sb. A bush.
n.Cy. Grose (1790). Lakel. Ellwood (1895). Cnm.' Obsol.
Wm. That little cottage down under that busk of wood was empty,
Lonsdale Mag. (1822) 111. 13 ; Trinnalt doont broo intet Scroggs
amang t'busks, Spec. Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 12; Wm.' n.Yks. Well,
Lookstee, gan for yon busk o' ling, Atkinson Lost (1870'! xxii;
n.Yks.i A Ling-busk. Seave-busk ; n.Yks.2 ne.Yks.' Ah ho't
mysen sadly i yan o' them whin-busks. e.Yks. Whin busks were
stubbed up an meead inti whin kids (R.S. ); Nicholson Flk-Sp.
(1889 :; e.Yks.' Appl. to furze bushes only , which are fast disappearing,
MS. add. l,T.H.) m.Yks.' w.Yks. Hutton Tour to Caves (1781) ;
■w.Yks.' ; w.Yks. 2 A gooseberry-busk. n.Lan. It's haidan bihint
3 holin busk 1 W.S.). Chs. Lad's love's a busk of broom. Hot
awhile and soon done, Ray Prov. (1678) 54 ; Chs.'^, ow.Der.'
n.Lin. Reight awaaj's ower th' eller-busks i' th' gardin hedge.
Peacock Taales yiB&g) 22 ; n.Lin.' sw.Liu.' We used to hing our
clothes on the gorse-busks.
2. A bunch of flowers.
Lin. Streatfeild Lin. and Danes (1884) 320 ; Thou'st gotten
a fine busk of gillivers (.R.E.C. 1; Lin.'
3. V. To beat the bushes in cover-shooting.
Lan. Yo're gooin a buskin . . . where's yor guns ? Clegg Pieces
Roclid. Dial. (i895\
Hence Busker, sb. a beater in cover-shooting. w.Yks.^
4. To busk out, to beat out with bushes a fire spreading
in turfy ground.
Ew.Lin.' They've gotten busks, and are busking the fire out.
[Buske or busshe, rubus, dutnus. Prompt. ; A busk I se
yondir brennand bright, York Plays (c. 1400) 74. ON.
buskr.^
BUSK, shr and v?- Som. Dev.
1. sb. The hair growing along dogs' backs, which when
in a pugnacious mood they cause to stand straight upright;
alsoy^g-. of a man, when he is irritated.
w.Som.' It is very common to talk of a dog wai uz buusk au'I
un ee-n [with his busk all on end]. The freq. description of
a man being made angry — Puut liz buusk au'p [put his busk up],
precisely equiv. to the Amer. ' his dander was riz.'
2. V. To irritate, to stroke the wrong way, i.e. to cause
the 'busk' to rise.
w.Som.' n.Dev. Tamzen and thee be olweys ... tacking or
busking, E.xnt. Scold, i 1746"! 1. 312 ; Grose (1790 Stippl.
BUSK, sA.^ Dev. A calf too long un weaned.
n.Dev. An' whare tha busks an' barras be, Rock Jim an' Nell
(1867', St. 5.
Hence Busker, sb. a boy too long unweaned ; also used
altrib.
n.Dev. Ott a gurt busker toad thee art, ib. st. 3.
BUSK, sA.* Irel.
1. A small spiced cake made of white meal.
Wxf.' Thou ne'er eighthest buskes. 100.
2. A small tambourine made of sheepskin stretched on
a hoop. Wxf.'
BUSK
[459I
BUSS
BUSK, sb.^ In mi. dial, use in Sc. and Eng. Also in
form busken Cor.'' A piece of rigid material, formerly
wood or whalebone, passed down the front of a corset in
order to stiffen and support it ; sometimes appl. to the
whole corset ; also^Tg-. the waist.
Sc. Grose (1790) MS. adtl. (C.) Ayr. Crossing her fingers
daintily on Iicr busk, she made inc a ceremonious curtsey. Galt
Lairds ^1826^, xiv. N.Cy.' s.Dur. A've brokken my staj'S busk
(J.E. D.). Wm. He'd his ann aroond her busk (B.K.V w.Yks.
Lucas Stud. jSidderdale 1 e. 18821 Gl. ; w.Yks.' I lost my holland
busk, finely (lowered, at my husband gamma 'fore I war wed, ii. 15 ;
w.Yks. ^, s.Chs.', Shr.', e.An.', w.Sora.' Cor.' About an inch
and a half broad by fourteen long; formerly worn by all, now
only by old women, in front of their stays ; Cor. 2
BUSK, si.® e.An.' The piece of wood or iron that
confines the bung of a churn.
BUSK, V? Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. VVm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Lin. e.An. [busk.]
1. To prepare, make readj'.
Sc. [For defence] the covenanters . . . busked the yard dykes,
Spalding ///s/. 7Vo(i6/f 5 ( 1 792 1 I. 208 (Jam.;; But Johnie'sbusk't
up his gude bent bow, Scott Minstrelsy (1802I III. 116, ed. i8.)8.
Frf. The others sat down and willi the help of the turnip lantern
'busked' their spears, Barrik l.iclil (_i888j 56, ed. 1893. e.An.'
2. To dress, deck out, adorn.
Sc. A bonny bride is soon busked. Ye breed o' the herd's wife,
ye busk again e'en, Ramsay /*/wi/. (1737! ; Jean maun ... busk her
cockernony the gate the gudeman likes, Scott Bride of Lam.
(1819! xii. Abd. Trigly buskit frae tap to tae, Giiidniaii Jiigtis-
tiiadl ,1873'] 32. Frf. [She] was aye brawly busket, an' tidy, an'
clean, LAiNG/'/rs. (1846) 23; A wheen kimmcr weans stood buskit
in duds Like bogles for fearin' the craws. Watt Sketches (1880) 38.
Per. He'll busk ye juist as braw, nae doot. He'll hae a gude wheen
claes aboot, Haliburton Horace (1886) 52 ; Thae Muirtown
drapers can busk oot their windows, Ian Maclaren Brier Bush
(1895) 209. Ayr. But now they'll busk her like a fright,
Burns To Mr. Creech (^1787') St. 2 ; Blithesome trees and hedges,
a' buskit in their new deeding, Galt Sir A. Il'ylie ( i822''i xx.\iv.
Lnk. Wi' thee I tent nae flow'rs that busk the field, Ramsay
Gentle Shep. (1725") 53; Busk up yersel' baith snod an' braw,
Thomson Musings (1881) 75. Ltti. Their dark hair was buskit wi'
sweet-smellin' blossoms. Smith Meny Bridal ti866) 185. e.Ltli.
A' thro' the spring, the land o' cakes Ne'er buskit her green shaws
an* brakes, Mucklebackit/^//;-. /^/:v»/f5 ( i 885) 33. Edb. Her loving
spouse . . . busked out in his best, MoiR Mansie H'auch (1828) vi.
Slk. The family were buskin themselves for the kirk, Chk. North
Nodes (ed. 1856) H. 53. Rxb. Kate, half busket, tript alang the
floor, RiDDELLPoe/. /Fits. (1871) I. 5. Dmf. Buskit wi' (low' rs and
yellow whun Sae sweetly shining, Mayne Siller Gun (1808) 78.
Gall. We send him awa' weel buskit wi' muirland claith, Crockett
Stickil Mm. (1893) 277. N.I.' Nlib.AuId North Tyne's buskit like
a bride, Coquetdale Sngs. (1852) 154; Nlib.' Aa'll just busk mescl
an gan. He's weel buskit. Cum. I busk me wi' a careless hnn',
Gilpin Ballads (1874^ 207. Wm. & Cum.' Wi' bra's weel buskit,
rigg'd, an' squar'd. Lan.' Come busk up, an' let's be olT.
Hence (i) Busk, sb. dress, decoration ; (2) Buskie, adj.
fond of dress, smart; (3) Buskin', vbt. sb. dressing; (4)
Buskry, sb., see (i).
Sc. (i) The busk and bravery of beautiful and big words,
M'Ward Contendings (1723) 356 (Jam.). (2) Kintra lairds, and
buskie cits, Tarras Poems ;i8o4'l 136 ( I'A.'i. (31 A' her skill lies
in the buskin'. Chambers Sngs. (1829) II. 360. (4) The buskry or
bravery of words, M'^Ward Contendings ^1723) 324 (,16.).
3. To dress flies for fishing.
Sc. Unless trimming the laird's fishing- wand or busking his (lies,
Scott Waverley (1814) ix. Frf. He gave them fly-hooks which he
had busked himself, BARRiEii'r/i/( 1888) 152, ed. 193, Lth. Feathers
for'buskin" fly-hooks, Strathesk 7l/o« /jiVs i ed. 1885) 54. Nlib.
Come busk your flees, my auld compeer, Coquetdale Sngs. (1852;
59: Nhb.' Aa'l busk a troot flee.
4. To straighten up fences, cut off thorns, &c., in tiic
winter.
Clis.' ; Chs,^ I've been agait busking in the coppy.
5. re/I. and iiitr. To hurry, bustle.
Wm. Busk aboot an' git deun weshin' an than we'll hev a walk
(B.K.). e.Yks.' Ah busk'd aboot. m.Yks.' Now, come, busk !
w.Yks. A biliv yan ma symp.ithiz wi fuoks to mitch sumtaims. wen
t3 busk am abut wad kiur om t'best (W.!!.) ; w.Yks.^ ; w.Yks.^
n.Lin.' Noo busk thy sen oft' an' doant staii' thcare gawmin' for a
weak. e.An.' [Rimes said to a ladybird] : Busk ye, busk je, all
hands on deck. Co', busk ye, mates, ta' grow late, and time to go
(s.v. Bishop Barnabee).
[2. All suld arme thame hastcly, And busk thaine on
thar best inaner, Baruour Bruce (1375) xi. 394. 5. pe
kyng ... to his bed buskes, Jos. Ariiii. ic. 1350; 202. ON.
bitask, to make oneself ready, reJL of bna, to prepare, to
make ready (Vigfusson).]
BUSK, t'.* Lei. e.An. Also written bask Lei.'; and
in form bussock Suf.
1. Of birds : to nestle or rub the breast in the dust, and
flutter the winjjs. Cf bather.
Lei.', e.An.' Nrf. A groom shot a brace of partridges in the
garden, and when I remonstrated with him he replied, 'What
right had they to be busking about there for? ' ^W.R.L) ; ^A.G.K.);
Nrf.' Suf. The peacocks are very fond of bussocking there,
TV. Cj- p. (1882) 6th S. v. 86.
2. To lie idly in the sun.
Suf.' Tha' love to busk i' th' sun. Ess. Monthly Mag. (1814) I.
498 ; Gl. (1851,; Ess.'
BUSK, v.^ Yks. Lin. To drive away, drive ofl'.
w.Yks.^Aw've busked licr olT lier nest. ii.Lin.' I'll bu^k that hen
fra' off n her nest. Thciie's a man that's alus sa.i3-in' ' 111 buskyC,'
an' soa he's gotten th' naame w' iviry body of Buskem.
BUSK, v.® N'hb. Yks. Lan. Slang, [busk.] To obtain
money by playing or singing in the streets or in public-
houses.
w.Yks. We've been e buskin an' made ten bob apiece, Leeds
Merc. Suf-pl. (Jan. 16, 1892) ; Ah've known him mak as much as
ten bob a day busking (H.L.). Slang. So 1 said to Sam, 'You
must go out one vv.ij' and I and Jolinny the otlier, and busk in
the public-house,' Mayiiew Loud. Labour 18^1: HI. 97, ed. 1861.
Hence (i) Busker, s6. a professional mendicant minstrel;
(2) Busking, vbl. sb. the act of obtaining money by playing
or singing in the streets, by the sea-shore, &c.
(i) Nhb.' w.Yks. For yo see we dooant do onny business wi'
show actors, nor buskers. Hartley Sts. (I895^ ix. Slang. So
unlike common buskers was he, Lloyd /Vv/ii^ /.(irfv Bakr^re).
(2) w.Yks., Lan. Busking is a profitable and pleasant way in which
many operatives spend their summer holiday ;J.H.'.
[Cp. It. btiscrire, to proul or shift by craft, to go a free-
booting (Florio) ; Sp. biiscar, to seek.]
BUSK, V.'' w.Yks.* To kiss. See Buss, i;.'
BUSKER, sb. Cor.' 2 A fisherman who dares all
weathers.
BUSKET, sb. ? Obs. Yks. Som. A little bush.
Yks. Yks. iridy. Post Aug. 1 1, 1CS3, 6. Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
BUSKET, see Bushet.
BUSKIN, sb. c.Yks.' A farm ser\-ant.
BUSKINS, sb. pi. Ircl. Yks. Nhp. e.An. Dor. Som.
Dcv. Also in foiins bosgins w.Yks.*; tusgins Dor.'
Leather gaiters, half boots.
w.Yks.* • Breechcsand brsgins' isoften used to describe breeches
with loose leggings attached to them. Nhp.', e.An.', Ess. (W.W.S.),
Dor.' w.Som.' Buuz'geenz, covering the leg but not reaching to
the knee. I have never heard this name applied to cloth leggings.
Dev. jc.Times ^Mar. 12, 1886) 6.
Hence Buskin-boot, sb. a man's low laced boot. N.I.'
BUSKS, sb. pi. n.Yks.* [busks.] The slight strips
of jet in the natural rock, as thin as cardboard.
BUSKY, atlj. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Hrf Bck. Also written
buskie Sc; busgy Hrf* [bu ski.] Bushj'. See Bosk,
Busk, 5i.'
Sc. His locks arebusky an' black as a corbie, Robson Sng. Sol.
(i86oW-. II. N.Cy.', Nlib.', w.Yks.' Hrf * The quick are busgy.
Hence Buskyleys,56.//. fields which ha\'e been formed
by clearing the forest.
Bck. Buskyleys are somewhat of the same nature, except they
have not been the property of the Crown as chaces have,
Marshall Review (,1814) IV. 521.
BUSNIE, sb. S. &. Ork.' [bS'sni.] A term of
reproach.
[Der. of ON. bysit, a portent; see Jakobsen Norsk in
Shiilanii (1897) 63.]
BUSS, sb.' and i-.' Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf.
Der. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. e.An. Ken.. Sus. Hirp.
3 N 2
BUSS
[460]
BUSS-CALF
Dor. Cor. Also written buz w.Yks.' ; bus Lin. ; also in
form boss Clis.'^ [bus, bos.]
1. sb. A kiss.
Ayr. It's the last buss, Betty Bodle, ye'Il e'er gie to mortal man
while I'm your gudeman, Galt Entail (1823) xxix. Nhb.i Come
gi's a buss, ma bairn. Yks. You must give me a buss, if j'ou please,
Dixon 5h^5. fjij-. Pens. (1846) 235, ed. 1857. w.Yks.i Lan. Hoc
gan me a smack of a buss, Brierley Red Wind. (1868) 25 ; Let
mammy have a buss, Waugh Sngs. ( 1859) Necl-Fo ; Lan.', Chs.'^
Stf.° Ei gen mi a buss, an oi slapt im i' dh' feis'. Der. She wel-
comed me with a hug and a hearty buss, Le Fanu Uncle Silas
(1865) I. 270. nw.Der.' Lin. Come gies a bus, thou can't do less,
Brown Neddy (1841) 5. n.Lin.', Lei.', Nhp.l, War.^ Shr.2 A
young lady asks for one, according to a well-known conundrum,
in a single word — circumbendibus, Sir, come bend a buss. Nrf.',
Suf.' Ess. Gl. (1851). Ken. Gi' me a buss and go to bed (H.M.).
Sus., Hmp. HoLLOWAY. Cor.'
2. V. To kiss.
Sc. ' Buss me, my baims.* The dogs accordingly fawned upon
him, — licked him, Scott Nigel (1822) xxvii. Cum. Sae we buss'd,
and I tuik a last luik at the fell, Anderson Ballads (i8o5>
55, ed. 1815 ; He straive to buss her twice, Lonsdale Upshot
(181 1). Lan. They'rn offerin' ther bits o' peawchers for anybody
t'buss, Brierley Iikdale (1868) 59 ; They. . . busst one another i'
the church, ib. Sweepings, v; Lan.' Chs.' A witness in a sort of
breach of promise case at Macclesfield said, * Oi'm sure they wern
coortin, for they wern allis bossin ' ; Chs.', Stf.'^ Der. Wlien the
governor told me to buss ye, Le Fanu Uncle Silas (1865) IL 57.
nw.Der.', n.Lin.', Lei.', War.', Shr.'^ Ess. Whene'er he troyd to
buss her, Clark J. A'oakes (1839) 10 ; Ess.' Sus. ' Ah, Tom,' ses
she, a bussin an a hussin ov un, Jackson Soiithwaid llo v'894} I.
339. Cor.3
Hence Bussing, x'hl. sb. kissing.
Chs. Ossing comes to bossing, Ray Piov. (167O). Sns.' Children
play a game, which is accompanied by a song beginning; 'Muss-
ing and bussing will not do. But go to the gate, knock and ring'
(s.v. Huss). w.Dor. Roberts Hist. Lyme /ieg. (.1834^
[1. Every Satyre first did give a busse To Hellenore,
Spenser F.O. (1596) bk. iii. x. 46. 2. I will . . . buss thee
as thy wife, Shaks. A'. John, in. iv. 35. Cp. Bavar. dial.
biisstii, to kiss (ScHMELLER); so Tirol, dial. (Schopf) ;
Sw. dial, puss, a kiss (Rietz).]
BUSS, 56.' Hmp. Wil. Som. Dcv. Cor. Also in forms
borseHmp.'; bos, boss, bus Som.; bossy Wil.' [bBs, bos.]
1. A young calf. See Busk, sb.^, Buss-calf.
Hmp. Grose (1790) ; IVIieeter's Mag. (1828) 481 ; Hmp.', Wil.'
Som. One fat heifer and one extra fat boss, Auctioneer s Advt. front
Newspaper{Nov. 1895) ; Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; Used
only of a well-grown, fat calf, as a term of commendation (,F. A. A.I ;
W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.' Buus, a young fatted bullock which
has never been weaned. n.Dev. A calf sulfered to run with its
dam in the woods or forest lands, Marshall Rtir.Econ. (1796) ;
Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.) nw.Dev.i Cor. Grose (1790) MS.
add. {C); Cor.' 2
Hence Buss-beef, si. tbe flesh of a calf which has re-
mained unweaned till full grown.
w.Som.' Tud-n auvecs tai-ndur, aay-v u-noa'd zaum u dhiish
yur buus"-beef maa'yn tuuf" [it is not always tender, I have known
some of this here buss- beef very tough].
2. Fig. A milksop.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873) ■ N. & Q. (1874^ 5th S. i. 356.
[Cp. Hesse dial, biissc/iiiff, ' der ein- bis zweijahrige
Stier, zumal der cben verschnittene' (Vilmar) ; Cassel
dial, boleliiig, in Accounts (1451), see Vilmar; LG.
bvllitik, 'ein junger Ochs, verschnittener Stier'; botclii,
' mit einem Meissel abschlagen ' ( Hergiiaus).]
BUSS, sb.^ e.An. A fishing-boat.
e.An.' Nrf. (A.S. P.^ ; Nrf.' Suf. The 'Fishing Buss' Inn,
White Directory (1855) 327.
[Ships, such as our neighbouring Hollanders call
busses, principally to fish for herrings, Britain's Buss
(1615), in Arber's Eng. Garner, III. 623. Dn. btiysse,'' a
hecring-busse' (Hexham).]
BUSS, sb.* Sc. Nhb. Cum. Also written bus N.Cy.'
Nhb.' [bus.]
1. A bush.
Elg. Caul, caul aneath the drappin' buss,0 Paulo, still thou lies,
CouPER 7owy?ra//OHS (^1803 II. 212. Abd. Upon the busses birdies
sweetly sing, Ross Helenore (1768) 26, ed. 1812 ; Breem busses an'
heather knaps, Alexander Johnny Gibb (1871) xliv. Frf. They
thrave out an' in like the buss i' the beil', Laing Firs. (1846) 18.
Per. See whaur the leaves o' buss an' tree Gang streamin' owre
the plain, Halieurton Horace (1886) 63. e.Fif. Like bumbles
roon' a buss o' withered carl-doddies, Latto Tant Bodkin (1864)
vii. Ayr. My trunk of eild, but buss or bield. Burns Auld Man,
St. 2 ; A wee theekithoose so overgrown with trees and busses, that
it was all but hidden, Service Dr. Diigiiid {z8&l) 75. Gall. There
are briers i' the buss, Crockett Raiders (1894) ii. N.Cy.' Nhb.'
A whin bus. A corrin bus. A grozer bus. Cum. I laited . . .
lang Forgrowen nuts the busses neak'd amang, Relpii Misc. Poems
( 1747) 95 ; She tel't ov a man yance bein' rob't beside a hollin buss,
Farrall Betty JVilson (1886) 87; Cum.'
Hence (i) Bussie, adj. bushy; (2) Buss-sparrow, sb.
the hedge-sparrow; (3) Buss-taps, sb. in phr. to gang
o'er the bnss-taps, to behave in an extravagant manner.
(i) Sc. (Jam.) (2) Ayr. The bussparrow and the robin chase
ilk ither, Service Notandums (1890) 52. (3) Rxb. (Jam.")
2. Straw or other soft material used for the beds of
animals, or by birds for their nests. S. & Ork.'
3. A sunken rock, on which at very low tides the long
seaweed is visible, like a bush.
Sc. (Jam.) Nhb.' Bondicar bus. Pan bus. Togston bus.
[1. Ane buss of bitter slaes, Montgomerie Chcrrie and
Slae (1597) 322, ed. Cranstoun, 14. A pron. of bush.]
BUSS, v.^ Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Also written bus
n.Cy. ; buz Dur. [bus.]
1. To dress, deck, adorn ; see Busk, v.^ 2.
Lnk. I'll buss my hair wi' the gowden brume, Blackw. Mag. (Oct.
1818) 327 (Jam.). n.Cy. Grose (1790); N.Cy.' Nhb. Smash!
Jemmy, let us buss, we'll off. And see Nevvcassel Races, Midford
Coll. Sngs. (1818) 5; If wor Sir Matthew ye buss iv his wig. By
gocks ! he wad just leuk as cannj^ ib. 69; Nhb.' Faith, thoo's
buss'd like any lady, Chicken Colliers tVedding {1^^^). Dur.
Gibson Up-lVeardale Gl. (1870) ; Dur.' Cum. The blushin' breyde
An' maids theirsells are bussin, Stagg Misc. Poans (ed. 1807) 7.
Hence Bussin, sb. a linen cap or hood, worn by old
women.
Rnf.Wi lang-tailcd bussins ty'd behind, Picken Poems (1788"") 59.
2. In phr. to buss the tytip, to decorate with candles the last
load of coals drawn out of the pit on the last day of the year.
Nhb. Thou's often help'd te buss the tj-up, Wilson Pitman's
Pay (1843) 52 ', ' Tyup ' is the last basket or corf sent up out of
the pit at the end of the year. The name is got from a tup's horn
accompanying it. This same horn is sent up throughout the year
with every twentieth corf, or the last in every score. The lads
beg, borrow, or steal candles for the occasion, ib. Gl. ; Nhb.'
3. To dress flies for fishing. Nhb.'
BUSS-, see Buzz'er, sb.*-
BUSSA, sb. Dev. Cor. Also written buzza Cor.'^
A coarse earthenware vessel. Alsoy?§-. an empty-brained
person, a simpleton.
n.Dev. That cloam buzza wi' two handles . . . Was tored abroad
to-day. Rock Jim an' Nell (1867) st. 119. Cor. Monthly Mag.
(1808) II. 544; Cloam buzzas on the planching, J. Trenoodle
Spec. (1846) 38 ; The old woman placed it [a fish] into her bussa,
Tregellas Tales (1868) 14 ; For she called me a scovey [mean]
great bussa, Thomas Randigal R/iymes (1895) 5^ Cor.' Stinking
like buzza. A buzza used before cess-pits ; Cor.2
Hence (1) Bussa-brains, si., (2) -head, s6. a simpleton,
emptj'-headed person.
Cor. (i) She would soon see that buzza-brains warn't wuth 'es
salt as a man, Pearce Esther Pentreath (1891") I. ii ; (M.A.C.) (2)
So 'pon that the g'eat bussa-head got as maazed as a curley,
Hicham Dial. (1866) 18 ; Till I'm mazed enough to scat thy great
bussa-head, Thomas Randigal Rhymes (1895) 5 ; Cor.'^
[Cf Fr. (obs.) busse, ' espece de tonneau,' also biissard
(Hatzfeld).]
BUSS-CALF, sb. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also
written bussa- Cor.'- ; boss- s.Dev. ; bosse- Som. ; bossy-
Wil.' Dor.
1. A young, unweaned calf See Busk, sb.^, Buss, sb.^
Wit.' Som. A'. & Q. (1874I 5tli S. i. 356. nw.Dev.', s.Dev.
(F.W.C.) Cor. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.J ; Cor.'^
2. A spoilt child.
Dor. Gl. (1831). Som. N. & Q. (1874) 5th S. i. 356. Cor.^
MS. add.
BUSSED
[461I
BUSY
BUSSED, see Burst.
BUSSEL, .s/;.' and ^^' Dor. Som.
1. 5^. A felloe- piece of a wagon; the iron bar which
keeps the framework of a timber-carnage rigid.
Dor. Barnes Gl. (1863"! s.v. Hounds 1. w.Sora.' When timber
is loaded on a * top carriage,' the but end always rests on the
'pillar-piece ' or 'bolster 'of the 'fore carriage' — and inasmuch
as the shafts of this kind of truck are hinged, the framework of the
carriage has to be supported and kept rigid independently. For
this purpose there is a strong iron bar called the buss'i, having a
ring sliding loosely upon it, with a short but strong chain attached
to this ring. No bussel is required for an ' under-carriage.'
Hence Busselchain, sb. a short, strong chain attached
to the bussel. w.Som.'
2. V. To bussel up. See quot.
w.Sora.' To bussel up is to make fast the bussel-chain to the
tree with * dogs,' so that the Iront wiieels may be able to * lock '
while the ' carriage' may at the same time be held firmly in its
place.
BUSSEL, sb^ and v.' Ess.
1. sb. In phr. to get the bussel of, to get the better of a
person or a thing.
Ess. It sha'n't get the bussel of me (H.H.M.).
2. V. To get something out of a person.
Ess. I busselled him out of a shilling (H.H.M.").
BUSSELLY, adj. Sur. Bushy. s.Sur. (T.T.C.)
BUSSES, 56. ^/. Nhb.' Hoops for the top of a cart or
wagon.
BUSSIN, see Buss, t'.=
BUSSOCK, sb} Chs. Stf. Lei. War. Won Shr. Hrf.
Glo. Hrt. Ess. Also in form buzzock Chs.' s.Chs.' Glo.';
buzzack War.* [bu'ssk, buzak, bBsak.] A donkey.
Alsoy?^.
Clis.' s.Chs.' Iv ahyaad' u biiz'uk, un ey wiid'Jnu goa-jWudnu
ahy wohup im ? Oa*, noa', noa"! [If I had a buzzack. an' hey wudna
go, Wudna I wollup him? Oh, no, no!] Stf.^ Eiz abait az fast
3Z a runin buzak. Lei.', War. 'J.R.W.),War.23, w.Wor.', Slir.',
Hrf.2, Glo.i Hrt. N. if Q. (1878) 5th S. x. 521. Ess.'
BUSSOCK, sb.'^ Lin. Nhp. War. Also in forms
buzzock War.^; bossock Nhp.'; bossacks n.Lin.';
bossocks sw.Lin.' [bu'sak, bo'ssk, buzak.] A lat,
heavy woman.
n.Lin.' sw.Lin.' They'd say of old Betty, 'Look what a bossocks
yon looks,' but I sca'ce ever hear it now ; now they say, ' Look at
yon for a fat old stodge.' Nhp.' A great, fat bossock. War.'^
Hence Bussocking, //>/. adj. large, fat, gross.
Nhp.' A great bossocking woman. War.3
BUSSOCK, sb.^ Wm. Yks. Lan. Lin. Also written
bussack Lin. [bu'ssk.]
1. A sheaf of corn.
Wm., Yks., Lan. TV. f<f Q. (1885"! 6th S. xi. 453.
2. A large tuft of coarse grass.
S.Lin. The bussacks in the ten aacre w'ants cuttin' bad (T.ILR.^.
Hence (i) Bussock.knife, sb. a sharp, heart-shaped
flat knife, fastened to a strong handle, used for cutting
'bussocks'; (2) Bussocky, rt<^'. abounding with 'bussocks.'
(i) S.Lin. (T.H.R.) (2I Lin. A'. & y. 11885) bth S. xi. 287 ; The
gress land's bussocky, and teems wi' rushes (T.H.R.V
BUSSOCK, V. and sb.* Wor. Dev. Also written
boosock s.Wor.' ; bussack w.Wor. ' ; bussick Dev.
1. !'. To cough.
w.Wor.' s.Wor. A-bussocking (H.K.) ; s.Wor.'
Hence Bussicky, adj. asthmatical, short of breath.
Dev. I'm rather tissicky, and when I come to go against a hill
I get bussicky. Reports Pioviiic. (1884) 13; Dev.^ Ef I go'th out
o' a vrasty morning airly, I git'th za bussicky 'pon my chest,
I can 'ardly braylhc.
2. sb. Gelt, in pi. A cough.
w.Wor.' s.Wor. A've got the boosocks. A bit o' the bussocks
(H.K.) ; s.Wor.' Chiefly applied to cattle.
BUSSOCK, see Busk, v.*
BUST, V. Abd. (J.\m.) To powder, to dust with
flour.
BUST, see Boost, Buist, Burst.
BUSTA, sb. S. & Ork.' A dwelling.
[Norw. dial, biistad, a dwelling (Aasen) ; ON. busladr
(Fritzner).]
BUSTARD, 56. Wm." A large moth. See Buzzard, si.'
BUSTEOUS, adj. Ubsol. Sc. Also written bousteous,
bustyious, bustuous. Boisterous, powerful, terrible,
fierce.
Sc. Grose (1790^ MS. add. (C.^ ; Deep through the bustcous
bubs o' nicht Brak forth a strugglin grane, Jamieson Fof: Ballads
(1806; 233; Clatterin hooves and bustcous taunts Brast on their
startit ear, ib. 245; A busteous troop it was, Drummond Miicko-
ttiac/iy ^1846) 10. Fif. Sae clos'd wi' bustyious bang and bafT
Clerk Diston and Freir TuUidafT, Tennant I'apislry ^1827; 144.
[Scho alluirct thame . . . partlie with craibet, busteous,
and sour wordes, Dalryjiple Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1596)
II- 347-1
BUSTER, sb. Brks. Ess. Wil. Dev. Cor. Slang.
[bB'statD.]
1. Anything very large, esp. a big lie. Cf banger.
Brks.i, Ess. i^W.W.S.), Wil.' nw.Dev.' Ot busters thee dis tell
up o'. Cor.^ Slang. Farmer.
2. A conclusive argument or action, a ' settler.'
Cor. If that edn't a buster for un, I dooant knaw what es,
Hicham Dial. (1866') 20.
3. One fond of fun or mischief. Cor.*
[A pron. oi burster.^
BUSTINE, sb. Obsol. Sc. A cotton fabric used for
waistcoats.
Sc. Herd Coll. Siigs. (1776") Gl. Ayr. Jam.^ Lnk. Neat, neat
she was in busline w-aistcoat clean, Ramsay Gentle Sliep. (1725)
23, ed. 1783.
[Restagiio, a kinde ot stuffe like bustian, such as they
make wastecotes of, Florio (1598). OFr. biistaiine, ' sorte
d'etoffe fabriquee a Valenciennes' (Godefroy).]
BUSTION, sb. Lan. Chs. Also written bustin e.Lan.' ;
bustian Lan. A gathering or whitlow on the hand. See
Boist, 5i.= 1.
Lan. My mother's a bustian at th' end ov her thumb, Laycock
Rliyiiies, 20. e.Lan.' Ctis.' ; Chs.^ A bustion when neglected
sometimes necessitates the removal of a joint. It often begins
with a thorn or splinter, acting on a bad part of the body s.Clis.'
Biis'tyun.
BUSTIOUS, adj Cor. Also written boostis Cor.'= ;
boistous, busthious Cor.' Corpulent. See Boist, adj.
Cor. Used at Polperro, N. & Q. (1854) 1st S. x. 179; The
Commodore was a little purgy, bustious sort o' man, ' Q.' Troy
Town (i888"i xix ; Cor.' ; Cor.' He is getting quite boostis.
BUSTLE, V. and sb. Yks. Chs. Stf. Hrf. [bu'sL]
1. i>. With adv. off: to take oneself oil', to go away
quickly.
Stf.2 Na you ladz, just busl of wi ya.
2. To drive away angrily ; to remove.
e.Yks. Noo, away wi y'u ; or Ah'll bussle ya off i' quick sticks,
Nicholson Flk-Sp. (,1889^ 24. s.Chs.' Diiz aanibdi noa- uwt t(i
mahy stok'inz ? Ah piit um uUh bed, bu siim'di^z biisld uin of
[Does annyb'dy know owt to my stockins ? Ah put 'em o' Ih' bed,
bu' someb'dy's bustled 'em ofl]. Stt* Wct a bit weil oi just busl
dhciz thingz of dh' teibl.
3. sb. A scolding.
Hrf.' To get into a bustle about a thing.
BUSTLE-HEADED, fl(|>'. Hnip. Also written bussle-
headed. Of trees, plants, &c. : badly-grown, stunted.
See Buzzly.
Hmp. Wise A'etv Forest (1883) 183; Hmp.' Bustle-headed, as are
the oak-trees whose tops are rounded and shorn by the Channel
winds. [The ears being long and heavy were bussle-headed, that
is, did hang their heads downward into the sheaf, Lisle Husbandry
(,'757)-]
BUSY, adj Irel. Suf Dev. Cor. In p/ir. ( i) Busy all,
with difticulty, barely, hardly; (2) — as a bag of fleas,
(3) — as Dally, (4) — as the devil, very busy; (5* to be —
growing, to grow fast ; (6) it is — , it requires, employs,
occupies.
iij Cor. You do spaik et f English] busj- all so well as we,
Werner O'Dn'scoll's Weird (1892 97 ; Cor.^ Can you finish to-
night ■ — Well, busy all. It will be busy all if we get done in time.
(2) Suf. Very common (F.H.). (3") Dev. N. & Q. (1850I ist S. i.
475. (4) Suf. (,F.H.) (5) Ir. The corn is busy growing (G.M.H.\
(6) Cor. It is busy three men to heave it. Grose 11790) MS. add.
(C.) ; Cor.' It cs busy all my time looking arter the childern. It
es busy all my money to keep house.
BUSY
[462]
BUT
BUSY, V. Sur. Cor. To employ, keep occupied.
Sur.i I throws the beans to the pig just as they be, and it busies
him to open them. Cor.* It will busy all the time. It will busy
all he can rise to pay it. It will busy all he can do to finish it in
time.
[EinbesoiJgiier, to busie, occupie, Cotgr.]
BUSY-GAPROGUE, sb. Obs. Nhb. A thief, an
evilly-disposed person.
Nhb.i Busy-gap is a wide break in the ridge of basalt, about
a mile from Sewingshields. This was the pass most frequently
chosen by the freebooters of the Middle Ages when on their
marauding expeditions to the rich valley of the Tyne, and hence
it acquired an evil reputation. In Newcastle formerly, to call a
brother burgess a Busy-Gap-Rogue was to incur the censure of
one's guild, as is attested by an entr3-in the books of the Company
of Bakers and Brewers of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Tomlinso.v
Guide I i888'i 193.
BUSY-GOOD, sb. Som. A busybody, meddlesome
person.
■w.Som.^ Her's a riglar old buz'ee-geod.
BUT, sb} Som. The spade of cards.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (,1873).
BUT, sb.'^ n.Cy. A shoemaker's knife. (Hall.)
BUT, sb? n.Cy. [Not known to our correspondents.]
A kind of cap. (Hall.)
BUT, adj} n.C}'. [Not known to our correspondents.]
Rough, rugged. (Hall.)
BUT, I'.' w.Yks. [but.] To exchange, barter. (Hall.)
BUT, V? Cor. To sprain or put out of joint.
Cor.i I've butted my thumb ; Cor.*
BUT, pirp., ndv.\ sb.* and ad/? Sc. Nhb. Cum. Also
written bot, butt Sc.
1. pirfi. Without. See Bout. pirp.
Sc. In bluidy fight with sword in hand Nyne lost their lives bot
doubt. Rajis.w Tea-Table Misc. (1724": I. 223, ed. 1871 ; Beauty
but bounty availeth nothing, Henderson- Prov. (1832) 3. Abd.
Gieme the man, whatc'er his creed, . . . Wha speaks the truth but
fear or dread, Still Collar 1845) 175; Say ye're in love, and but
her cannot cowr, Ross Helciiorc '1768) 38. ed. i8i2. Ayr. Thou
art the life o' public haunts ; But thee, what were our fairs and
rants' Burns Sc. Drink (1786 st. 8. Lnk. Sic nonsense! love
tak root but tocher-good! R.^msay Gaitle Shcp. (1725"! 84, ed.
1783. Dmf. There was a time Whan birds micht stan', hop,
bound or chime, . . . But scathe, Quinn Healhcr{ed. 1863"! 31. Kcb.
An soon the tweelie settl'd But bluid that day, Davidson Seasons
(1789") 79. Nhb. So rudely they fell to the meat But napkin,
trencher, salt or knife, Ritson N. Garland 1810I Ecky's Mare.
2. Without, outside ; in the outer part of; in phr. but the
house, the outer or kitchen end of a house.
Sc. ' But the hoose' means the kitchen end of the house, and
' ben ' the parlour, yet ' but ' and ' ben ' often interchange these
meanings (G.W.). Abd. Will j-e jist step but the hoose, Goodivife
(1867) St. 2; An' little Pate sits i' the nook An' but-a-house dare
hardly look, Be.\tties Parings (1801^ 26. Frf. He would . . .
slowly withdraw to stand as drearily but the house, Barrie
Thrums (1889 1 iv. Fif. ' Gae wa' butt the hoose, Robert.' . . .
Robert retired to the kitchen, Robertson Provost 1894) 61.
Ayr. Gae but the house and see gin supper's ready, G.\lt Entail
(1823) viii. Nhb.i ' But the house an' ben the house. In the house
and out the house.' This old rhyme was used by the spinners of
j-arn when forming their hanks on the great wheel.
3. adv. Out, outside of, in the outer room. Used in
opposition to ben (q.v. ).
Sc. Syne capered ben and capered but. />(7//n(/s (i885> 9; He
wood her butt, he woo'd her ben, Herd Coll. Sngs. [iTi6) I. 93.
Abd. Here's yer father comin' butt. Beatties Parings vi8oi' 27,
cd. 1873. Per. The flytin' auld rudas cam but wi' a bang, Nicoll
Poems ^iS^i 130, ed. 1843. e.Sc. Soon Alison came ' but,' Setoun
Sunshine (1895, 8. Ayr. Gang and tell her to come but to see my
leddy, Galt Sir A. U'ylie (1822^ lxx.wiii. Ltli. He wha seems
the furthest but, aft wins the farthest ben, Ballantine Poems
(18561 58. e.Lth. Ye canna bring but what's no ben, Hunter
J. Iniviek (1895' 89.
4. In phr. but and ben, inside and out, from the inner to
the outer room of a house; backwards and forwards.
Elg. I will miss thy footstep roamin' but an' ben. Tester Poems
(1865^ 176. Abd. Surely happy hearts are yon'er — Surely pleasure
but an' ben, Still Cottar's Sunday ^1845) 32. Kcd. [She] made
doors an' windows but an' ben As fest as they cud steek, Grant
Lays (1884) 20. Rnf. I couldna rest. But wan'ert but an' ben,
Young Pictures (18651 15. Ayr. Now butt an' ben the change-
house fills, Burns Holy Fair (17851 St. 18. Edb. Benjie . . .
toddled but and ben, Moir Mansie IVauch \ 1828I 205. Slk. They'll
berry you in and out, but and ben, Hogg Tales -^1838^ 8, ed. 1866.
N.Cy.i Nhb. A hame wad mak' baith snug and warm, Croose
but and ben. Strang Eaiih Fiend ,1892) pt, i. st, 2. Cum. While
'bacco reek heath but an' ben, Gilpik Sngs. ';i866 206; They . . .
bicker but an' ben Wi' picks an' poles, Stacg Misc. Poems (1807) 41.
5. sb. The outer room of a cottage ; the kitchen.
Sc. His loom stood in the but, Stevenson Catriona (1892) xv ;
He could reconnoitre the interior of the but, or kitchen apart-
ment, of the mansion, Scott Bride of Lam. (1819) xii. S. & Ork.'
MS. add. Elg. His but an' his ben are a heaven o' hope. Tester
Poems (1865) 186. Abd. In ili;a but, in ilka ben, A couthie
welcome found, Thom Rhymes i;i844^ 36. Per. The But, the
kitchen where the work was done, Ian M.\claren Brier Bush
(18951 193. Frf. The usual hallan or passage divided the but
from the ben, B.^rrie Tommy ^I896^ 128. Lnk. Baith the but an'
the ben are fu* o' aul' memories, Hamilton Poems (18651 147,
Ltli. The house . . . had two small ends, a but and a ben, Strathesk
More Bits (ed. i885': 185.
Hence (i) But-house, sb. the kitchen, outer room ; (2)
Butwards, adv. towards the outer part of a room.
(i) Per. In the but-house an' ben-house, baith outby an' in,
Nicoll Pof"/s 1837I 133. ed. 1843. (2; n.Sc (Jam.) Abd. Wha
with his Jean sat butwards in the mark, Ross Helenore (1768)
139, cd. 1812.
6. In phr. but and ben, a two-roomed cottage, the inner
and outer rooms.
Kcd. Jh' father had a hoose in Birse, A decent but and ben.
Grant Lays (1884" 26. Per. The aik-tree throws its leaves O'er
the lowly but and ben, Nicoll Poans ^1837) 77, ed. 1843. Fif.
Come awa' wi' me and hae a look at the comfortable but-an-ben
I've got for 5'e, JFLaren Tibbie vi894' 20. Rnf. My but an ben
an aumrie clad Wr fouth o' halsome cheer, Allan Po«)(5 (1836} 51.
Ayr. When some kind, connubial Dear, Your but-and-ben adorns.
Burns Calf, st. 4. Lth. The wee bit cosy butan'-ben. Smith
Merry Bridal (1866" 73. e.Lth. I ken what a but an' a ben's like,
for I was brocht up in ane mysel. Hunter J. Inirick (1895I 58.
Dmf. The peace an' content o' ane's ain but an' ben, Quinn Heather
(ed. 1863) 214. n.Cy. Border CI. Coll. L.L.B.)
7. adj. Outer, outside; belonging to the 'but' of a
cottage.
Enff.' She's at the but ej-ne o' the hoose. ' Butter ' is used as
compar. Abd. fhere's her but bed, Alexander Johnny Gibb
(1871) xvi. Frf. He was bann'd to the farthest but neuk o' the
house. Watt Sietches {1880) 55.
[1. Nocht sped but diligence we se, Du^•B.^R Poems
(c. 1507), ed. Small, II. 85. 4. Furius flamb . . . Spreding
fra thak to thak, baith but and ben, Dougl.\s Eneados
(1513), ed. 1874, iL 217.]
BUT, conj., adv.'' and v.^ Van dial, uses in Sc. Ircl.
and Eng. See also Bur.
I. Dial, forms. {1) B'd, (2) Bo', (3) Bod, (4) Boh, (5)
Bu, (61 Bud.
(1I Dur. B'd my Fahther gar'd us g.in to bed, Egglestone /?r//y
Podkins Visit, 3. (^2; Lan. Av.' durstn't speighk, aw could bo'
look, Harland Lyrics 1^1866: 96; Lan.' (3 Lan.' (4 Lan.',
e.Lan.' s.Lan. Boh I could na see him (E.F.I. 15; Lan. One con
bu thank yo, Lavcock i?i7/v Annatage, 8. Der.' 61 w.Ir. Bud
I'll say you're the cleverest fellow. Lover Leg. 1 18481 I. 9, Nhb.
Bud it galls me sair, Robson Bk. Ruth 1.1860" i. 13. e.Yks.'
w.Yks. Sutha bud ! ./E B.) ; w.Yks.' Lan. I've bed things stown
afoor to-day, bud they'n generally bin tilings wi' feathers on,
BowKER Tales ,1882) 65. n.Lin.'
II. In dial. uses.
1. conj. Except, unless.
Sc But ye maun read my riddle, . . . And but ye read them
right Gae stretch ye out and die, Scott Minstrelsy f 1802I III. 32,
ed. 1848. w.Yks. God ni\Ter sends maaths bud he sends meyt,
Pixm. in Brighousc Nezus i,July 23, 1887). Chs.' ; Chs.^ I'll leather
yow but 3'ow do this.
2. Rather than not.
w.Yks. Ver>' common in Keighley district 'M.F.I ; I'll work my
finger nails off but we'll heva nic&hahae^CuDWOKrii Dial. Sketches
('884; 5-
BUT
[463I
BUTiT
S. Just, only, though ; used as an exclamation.
n.Ir. Used commonly (A.J.l.V Lou. It is butl~lt isn't but!
(G.M.H.) w.Yks. Sitha but! ;S.K.C.} ; Very common (,M.F.).
4. adv. Almost, all but.
w.Yks. Common (M.F.). Der.^ He caw'd me but ev'ry thin".
War. (JR. W.), Som. (W.P.W.) w.Som.i Uur kyaaldn bud
liv urcedhing. ' I thort a was a quiet sort of a man avore, but be
cuss'd, he damn'd, be call'd me but everything.' Very common as
above, but not used otherwise in this sense. s.Dev. ^R.P.C.)
5. Nothing but, save ; only, alone.
Rxb. Though His help wlio but can save, RiddellPo^/. JVks.
(1871 1. 33; The cruel will come where the kind but should be,
15.11.87. Som. ^W.P.W.) w.Som.' I ant a-'ad but a bit o' bread
since jes'day mornin'.
6. Verily, indeed, certainly ; often used redundantly to
give emphasis.
Abd. Gin I had him here, But he sud get his thuds, Beatties
Parings V1801) 28, ed. 1873. Lth. I wat but the carle was strappin
and gleg, B.^LLANTiNE PocHis (18561 55. Der.2 Hey ! how hoo did
but syke [sigh]. n.Lia.' I couldn't help but see. I couldn't but
get weet o' my feat.
7. In phr. (i) but and, besides, as well as, and ; (2) bid
an if, it"; (3) bulgif, (4) biilgiit, but if; (5) but if, unless ;
(6) but just, only just, just this moment ; {7) but little rather,
but a little while ago ; (8) but itou', just now, any time past
of the same day; (g) bulsoinever, notwithstanding: (10)
but ivhat, {a) still, and yet ; (b) but that, used with the
force of a negative ; (11) but why, but that ; (12) be done
or damned but, actually, really ; used as an exclamation.
(I^ Sc. Fifteen ploughs but and a mill I'll gie thee till the day thou
die, Herd Coll. Sags. (1776) H. 232; He shot them up, he shot
them down, The deerbutand the rae, Jamieson Po/>. Biillads {1806)
I. 197. Slk. The rook but and the corbie crow, HoGC Oiifer Bk.
(1832) 33. Nlib. He has made a deck but and a creel, DixON
Siigs. Eiig. Peas. (1846) 76; Between the "i'ule but and the Pasch,
RiTSON N. Garl. (1810) Eckys Mare ; NUb.l (2) w.Yks.2 (3, 4)
Sc. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) (s'l e.Yks.' Ah wecant gan,
bud-if he gans an-all [also]. (6) War.^ He's but just gone. s.Wor.
(H.K.) ; E.Wor.', Hrf.^ '(7I n.Dev. Tha cortst tha natted Yco
now-reert or bet leetle rather, Exm. Scold. (1746'! I. 211. ;8
n.'Wil. I sid un but now i.E.H.G. :. Dor. (A.C.) ; (W.C.) (9) s.Pem.
(W.!!.!!."! (10, ai Cum, Bit what, aa thought 'at aa'd russelt
many a hard fo' wid Will Cass, Dickinson Tail for Joe (1866) 5.
(it w.Yks. Ah nivver knew but what shoo wor geltin' on all reight
(S.K.C.). sw.Lin.t (11) sw.Lin.' I don't know but why I am as
good as he. (12) Ir. They won't send you a bailiff with the writ ;
no, but it's by post it would come, be done but ^^G.M.H.). n.Ir.
(A.J.I.)
8. V. To hesitate, to raise a doubt.
w.Yks. If ahd been a lilc bit yunger ah sud nivver hev buttid
a bit aboot hevvin another chap, Kidderditl Olin. (1868); (.B.K.)
BUT, see Bood.
BUT-AN-SPLIC, phr. n.Lan.' A game played with
pins upon a hat, formerly very common in Furness.
BUTCH, sb. I. Ma. [but/.] A witch.
I.Ma. If the boys quarrelled with him at play, their first word
was 'your mother's a butch,' CAiNEjVa»/.v»«a« ^1895) pt. i.ii; Not
common (T.E.B.).
[Manx buitsh, a witch, in Bible, Ex. xxii. 18.]
BUTCH, V. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Also
Som. Dev. Also written buch n.Yks.' [but/.] To act
as or carry on the trade of a butcher; to slaughter.
Sc. ' jAM.),N.Cy.i Cum.(J.Ar.); Cum.i Wm. He oaways used tae
butch it his scl, Wheeler Dial. (1790) 40 ; Wm.', n,Yks.' w.Yks.
He can judge a cuto' meyt sin' he went to butch ^S. K.C. 1 ; w.Yks.'
Lan.' He use't to be a farmer, but he hutches neaw. nc.Lan.'
Hence (i) Butching, I'W. sb. butchering; tJic trade of
a butcher; also used atlrib. ; (2) Butching-book, sb. a
butcher's account-book ; (3) -knife, sb. a butcher's knife.
( i") Ayr. Sax tliousand years are near hand fled Sin" I was to the
hutching bred. Burns Dr. Hornbook (1785^ st. 13. Nhb.' He's
started the butchin' business. Cum. One of our thrunters, or
three-winter-old ewes, sold to a man at Cockermouth for 'hutching.'
Cornli. Mag. (Oct. 1890} Heliellyn. 382. w.Som. Aay dues u leedl
tu beoclvefin, Elworthy Gram. (1877) 54 ; w.Som.' This is an
exception to the usual rule as to trades, which is that the frequen-
tative flection -ing is added not to the verb, but to the verbal
noun. One of her boys is gwain taildering and tother beoch'cen.
nw.Dev.' (2) Wm. [She] never allowed you an inch in the butch-
ing-book, Rawxsley Rentin. Wordsu'orih > 1884' vi. (3 n Lan. It's
varra lucky 'at I shou'd hev my butchin knife wi' ma, Morris
Lcbby Deck Dohby (1867 56.
BUTCHER, sb. and v. Var. dial, uses in Irel. and Eng.
Also Slang.
1. sb. In comb, (i) Butcher's bill, see -'s cleaver; (2)
■bird, {a) the missel thrush, Turdus viscivorus; \b\ the
red-backed shrike, Lanius collurio; (3) -'s cleaver, the
constellation 6Vsrt «;ff/'or, also the Pleiades ; (4) -'s guinea-
pigs, woodlice ; (5) -'s jelly, meat which is ' licked ' or
injured by the attack of warbles ; (6) -'s plums, meat.
1 V e.Yks.' So called from the stars being grouped in the form
of a butcher's iron chopper, called abill, MS.add.i^X.\\.\ w.Yks.
(J.W.) (2, « Don. Swainson iJiVrfs (1885^ 2. (i, War.s Oxf.'
So called because it impales the bodies of insects and young birds
on branches near its nest, MS. add. Nrf. Cozens-Hardy Bread
A'rf. ^1893143. Som. She found rare bird'scggs— a butcher-bird's
nest, Raymond Ttypliena •' i8ci$) 22. ;3) Not.'. Lei.' Nhp.' The
pale Night-waggon driving through the sky. And Butcher's Cleaver,
Clare Sliep. Cat. 3. War.* (4I Wil.' 15) Slang. The injured
meat, sometimes termed ' butcher's jelly,' has to be pared off to
render the rest of the carcase sightly. Standard (Sept. 24, 1889 > 3,
col. I. (6) e.Dur.' ' Who lives next door? ' ' The butcher. That's
where we get our butcher's plums.' Only heard once.
2. A slop-master.
LoD. A first-rate artisan . . . reduced in the world by the under-
selling of slop-masters (called ' butchers' or 'slaughterers,' by the
workmen in the trade), Mayiiew Land. Labour i^iB^i) 11. 114, ed.
1861.
3. The parten or shore crab, Cardnus moeiias. N.I.'
4. The stickleback, Gastcrostcus trachurus. e.Dur.'
5. !•. To slaughter animals as a butcher does.
n.Lin.' He's butchered that sheap real well.
Hence Butchering, vbl. sb. the business of a butcher.
n.Lin.' He wns a farmer, but he's taken to butchering.
BUTHERY, see Bour-tree.
BUTLAND, s6.' Chs. e.Cy. Waste land, a narrow
strip of waste ground. See Butft, sb.*
Chs.'3 c.Cy. rra/is. F/iiV. Sof. (1858; 150. [Not known to our
correspondents.]
BUTLAND, s6.= e.An. Land set apart for butts at
which to practise archery.
e.An.'^ w.Nrf. The narrow strip of land which was used in
ancient times for a ' butland ' ^or ground where our vilLige youths
used to practise archery\ Orton Beeston Ghost i, 1884J 7.
BUTLER, si. Nhb. A woman who keeps a bachelor's
house ; a housekeeper.
N.Cy.' Nhb.' 'Cook, slut, and butler,' a common expression
applied to a person who does all the turns of work in a house.
BUTLIN, sb. S. & Ork.' Part of the intestines of a
sheep.
BUTMENT, sb. Glo." The base or foundation of a
building.
BUT-MOUND, sb. Wm. A raised path or cartway
leading to a barn-door.
Wm. We sat on t'but-mound wo' fcr an Ivoor er tweea an' gat
wcr bacca (B. K.).
BUTiT, .si.' Nhb. Yks. Lin. e.An. Ken. Any flat fish,
esp. ((71 the halibut, Hippoglossus vulgaris; (b) the flounder,
Pleuroiiectes flesus.
{a) Nhb.' n.Yks.' Quite common in this district. (A) Lin.
Brooke Tracts. 4. n.Lin.'. e.An.' Nrf. Flat fish [are] locally called
' butts,'jARROLO Guide to Cromer, j,'^; Some good catches of' butts."
or flounders, are now being taken in purse-nets. East. Dy. Prrfs
(Oct. 2, 1894); Nrf.' Ken. (P.M 1; Ken.' At Margate they call
turbots ' butts.' [Satchell (1879^.]
(Bremen dial, butt, butte, 'rhombus, passer marinus '
(U'lbch.).]
BUTi'T, si.* Var. dial, uses in Ircl. and Eng.
1. The lower part of the trunk of a timber-tree; the
stump or root of a tree after it has been thrown.
Midi. Marshall Riir. Econ. (1796. Nhp.'. War. 'J.R.W.'),
Shr.', Hrf.' Sur. M". L. had them butts put in to grow things on,
A'. £- Q. 11878, 5lh S. X. 222. Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
2. An esculent root, such as turnips, carrots, lic.
Hence But, v. to form esculent roots.
Shr.' ' Yore garrits an' inions looken well.' 'Aye, but I doubt
they bin on'y toppy ; I dunna think as they bin buttin' well.'
BUTiT
[464]
BUTT
3. A buttock of beef.
Som. Jennings Ois. Dial. tii.Eiig. (1825). Cot. Monthly Mag.
(1808) II. 544; Cor.i2
4. The posterior, buttocks.
n.Wm. This shirt doesn't cover mi but (B. K.").
5. Part of the shoulder of a pig. w.Yks.^
[1. S\v. dial, biilt, a little stuuip (Rietz) ; so Norvv. dial.
(Aasen).]
BUT(T, sb.^ So. Irel. Cum. Yks. Lin. Hmp. Dor.
Som.
1. Ground appropriated for practising archery ; earthen
mounds used for archery practice. See Butland.
Sc. (Jam.), Cum.i, n.Yks.^
2. The distance between a player and the goal or target.
Lth. ' Marbles ' was enlirelj' a boys' game from the Ring, Winnj',
or Funny, with its hail- [whole] butt and half-butt, Strathesk
More Bits (ed. leas') 33. Gall. The sheep-house, which is three
or four pair of butts distant, Nicholson Hist. Tales (1843) 21.
3. Coitip. Butt-hills, mounds which have been used for
butts in archerj', frequently barrows. n.Lin.^
4. The mark or boundary line from which to start in
running or jumping. Cf bittas.
S.Don. Simmons Gl. (1890).
5. A sepulchral barrow in the New Forest.
Hmp. Wise A'ew Forest (1883 I 197.
G. A bunch, obtuse lump, csp. in co7iip. Emmet-but, an
ant-hill or heap.
Dor. Baunes Gl. (1863'); The common name for the lumps
raised by ants or emmets. ' Throwing the emmet-butts ' is the
term applied to levelling them down (O.P.C.). m.Som. (C.V.G.)
[Fr. biiile, ' petite eminence de terre ' (Hatzfeld).]
BUT(T, sb.* Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also
written batt N.Cy.' Nhb.' I.W.'^
1. A ridge or 'land' lying between two furrows.
Lan. Laying down land in small ridges, called butts. Reports
./4^)-('c ( 1 793-1813 \ Chs. (E.F.); iloRiOK Cjclo. A gric. {\86^);
Clis.13, s.Chs.», Shr.l
2. Coiitp. Buttrigg, a ridge. Sc. (Jam.)
3. Narrow detached strips of land abutting on a boundary ;
short ridges of land of unequal length, often at right angles
to the other ridges in the field. Cf. balk, sb.^ I ; bat, s6.'
III. 3, 4.
Abd. [He] liv'd a thrivin' man. And till'd some scanty huts o'
Ian', Cock Siiiifile Strains {1810) I. 136. N.Cy.^ Nhb. Occasion-
ally they appear to have been small plots which had been brought
under cultivation after the adjoining land, and therefore intruded
on the general plan of the township ; but gen. they abutted
either on the boundary of the township or upon a road (R.O. H.) ;
Nhb.i Where the strips abruptly meet others, or abut upon a
boundary at right angles, they are sometimes called butts, Seebohm
£ng. Viil. Community, 6. Dur. Raine C/inrters {iS^^) 98; Dur.'
Cum., 'Wm. Also called Buttings (M.P.). 'Wm.i, n.Yks.i e.Yks.
There is also belonginge to the Demaines three buttes. Best
Jiiir. Econ. (1641') 41. w.Yks. Cudworth Hist. Manningham
(1896)6; £w/sMerc. 5»/>/>/. (Feb. 14, 1885) 8; w.Yks.'^ Chs.
Farm-yard dung is frequently mixed with the furrows drawn
from between the butts of pasture land, Marshall Review (i&i&)
11.25. nLin.i, Rut.i, Lei.i Oxf. The ' Butts' known as ' Blen-
cow's Butts ' were at the nw. of the village [of Ividlington]. The
word Butt was sometimes used for the ends and corners of lands,
Stapleton Three O.xf, Parishes (1893' 124. Hrt. Ground which,
being open field-land, lies in buts of grass, Ellis Moii. Hitsb.
(1750UII. i. I.'VV.s Som. You must make a butt there (W.F.R.V
4. Border, boundary, in phr. bulls and bounds, the borders
of a person's estate.
Sus. Heard very rarely (E.E.S.). e.Sus. Hollow ay.
6. A small piece of ground disjoined in any way from
adjacent land ; a small enclosure of land.
Sc. A small parcel of land is often called 'butts' (Jam.).
n.Yks.=, Hmp.' Hmp., I.-W. Grose (1790) 71/5. arf(/. (S.) I.'W.
I was climbing the shoot at the side of the butt, MoNCRiEFF Dream
in Genl. Mag. (^1863) ; I.W.12
6. Low flat land adjoining the river-banks.
N.Cy.', n.Yks.i
fl. That other rigg or butt of land . . . Ij'and in the (field
called the Gallowbank, Acts Ch. II, ed. 1814, Vlll. 295
(Jam.).]
BUT(T, si.s and v} Irel. Cum. 'Wm. Yks. Lan. Stf.
Rut. Lei. War. Wor. Sus. Som. Dev. Cor. Also in form
bat Wor.
L sb. Theend of anj'thing, esp. the end of a sheaf of corn
opposite to that in which the grain is situated.
Crl. The end of a hayrick would be *a butt of a rick* (J.F.M.fT.).
Wm. Tliem shavs hev a lot o' clover i' t'butt (B.K.'i. Lan. To
admit the sheaf to stand upon its butt or bottom end, Marshall
Revieiu (^1808) I. 304. 'War.^ 'Wor. Placing the sheaves into
small wind-ricks with the crops of corn in the centre and all the
bats inclining outwards, Evesham Jrn. (Oct. 10, 1896).
Hence (i) Buttings, vbl. sb. single sheaves of corn
reared on the butt ends to dry ; (2) Butt-welt, v. to turn
the bottom end of corn up to the sun and wind to dry.
(O n.'Wm. (B.K.'I (2) Cum.i, n.'Wm. (B.K.)
2. The last inch or so of a cigar, usually thrown away.
See Bat, s6.' III. 1.
Ir. Will yer honor give me the butt? Paddiana (1848) I. 235.
3. A hedge. Also used atlrib. in butt-hedge.
w.Som.' Not confined to a boundary hedge. A farmer rabbiting
said : Aa-1 waurn dhur-z waun een dhik dhaeur buut [1 will
warrant there is one in that there hedge]. Dev. Reports Provinc.
',1886) 92.
4. Contp. But-gap, a hedge of pitched turf.
e.Cor. Grose (1790') MS. add. iC.) Cor.»2
5. V. To abut, border on, adjoin.
w.Yks.i, Stf.2, Rut.i. Lei.i \Var.3 It's the first house that buts
on the road. e.Sus. Holloway.
BUTT, sb." Wmh. In phr. the bull of Ihe zvind, the
'wind's eye,' the point from which it comes. (W.M.)
BUT(T, sb? Sc. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Chs.
1. A hide of sole leather made of the best cow or ox
hides, and usually rolled up into bales like a C3'linder.
Nhb. Commonly called Crop-butts (R.O.H.). n.'Wm. (B.K.),
w.Yks.i, CUs.i [A'. & O. (1886) 7th S. i. 133.]
2. Those parts of the tanned hides of horses which are
under the crupper. Sc. (Jam.)
BUTT, sb.^ Irel. Som. Dev. Cor.
1. A heavj' two-wheeled cart made to tip.
Lim. A kind of coverless box 12 ins. or so in depth. He had
a butt full of sand (P.W.J.). Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.'
Used chiefly for carrying manure, and hence very commonly
called a duung-buut. In local advertisements of sales it is usually
spelt ' putt.' Dev.3 n.Dev. Mus' kiss tha velly o' tha butt. Rock
Jim an" Nell (1867) st. 36. nw.Dev.' w.Dev. Marshall Ritr.
Econ. (1796). Cor. All the cotches, the wains, and the butts,
J. Trenoodle Spec. Dial. (1846) 20 ; Cor.'^
Hence Butty, adj. resembling a butt or heavy cart.
Dev. Speaking of a carriage : ' Shall it be a giggy thing, or
a carty thing, or a butty thing V N. & O. (1879) 5th S. xi. 473.
2. Comp. Butt-load, a cart-load, about 18 cwt.
w.Dev. Marshall Rur. Econ. (1796I. Cor. They used to be
sold for about 9s. or zos. a butt-load, Marsh.^ll Review (1817)
V. 540.
3. A cart with three wheels, resembling a wheelbarrow
in shape.
w.Som.' A druug-buut or dree'wil-buut, with three low wheels,
two of which take the place of the legs of a wheelbarrow. This
is drawn by one horse in chains, and the ' druug ' is a very simple,
self-acting break contrived with the chain to which the horse is
attached. Dev. Here are also three-wheel butts, with barrow
handles, drawn by one horse, Cooke Devon, 52. n.Dev. It has
two long handles like the handles of a plough, projecting behind
for the purposes of guiding it, N. 6^ O. (1854) 1st S. ix. 45.
[OCor. bull, a dung-cart (Williams) ; cp. Wei. bwt,
a dung-cart (S. Evans).]
BUTT, sb.^ Wil. Dor. Som. Dev.
1. A kneeling cushion or hassock used in churches.
w.Cy. N. & O. (1890) 7th S. X. 146. Wil. (K..M.G.) Dor.i
Som. Sweetman IVincanton Gl. (1885). Dev. Heweit Peas. Sp.
(1892).
2. Contp. Butt-woman, a sextoness, female verger or
pew-opener.
w.Cy. N. & Q. (1890') 7th S. X. 146. Dev. Also called Butty-
woman. In many churches a woman is employed to keep the
interior of the edifice clean , . . and beat the butts. At quiet
weddings she gives away the bride and signs the register, and
often stands sponsor at christenings, Hewett Peas. Sp. 1,1892).
BUT(T
[465]
BUTTER
BUT(T, sb}" Som. Dev. Cor.
1. A straw bee-hive.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.i Dhiibeez beezwaiir-meen,
un wee aan u beet uv u buut viir tu pmit' um cen. Dev. Rub
tha bee-butts wi' zome bayne-stalks, IIeweit Peas. S/). (,1892) 51.
n.Dev. Grose (1790). Cor.'^*
2. A hive or swarm of bees.
w.Som.i Tau k ! uur d tauk u buut u beez tu dath", uur wid
[she would talk a swann of bees to death, she would]. Very
common. Dev.' Aunt Madge hath a promised me a butt o'
bees, 47,
[1. OCor. bn//, a bee-hive (Williams).]
BUT(T, sA." GIo. Som. Dev. A basket or trap of
a conical shape used for catching salmon.
Glo. These baskets are called putts or butts, Seebohm Eng. Vill.
Coiiiiiiiiiii/y {1883') 152. Som. Jennings Ol/s. Dial. lu.Eng. 1,1825') ;
W. & J. Gl. (1873I ; A knaw'd well how ta make buts, Jennings
Dial. w.Eng, (1869) 124. Dev.'
[Wei. bwt, a kind of basket to place in the stream to
catch fish (S. Evans).]
BUTT, sA.'2 Som. A guard worn on the left hand at
cudgel-playing or singlestick, consisting of a small, half-
round basket, having a stick thrust through it.
w.Som.' Sometimes the butt is merely an improvised padding of
cloth, or a garment wrapped round the arm. When about to play
a bout it is usual to say, ' Keep aup yur buut, un Gaud prai'zaa'rv
yur uysait.' So ' keep up your butt ' is a very favourite Jig.
expression for ' be on your guard.'
BUT(T, sb}^ and adv. Yks. Chs. Wor. Dev. Amer.
1. sb. Momentum, force. Cf. bat, sb.^, birr, sb.
s.Chs.i Oo kiira in ut sich' u but [Hoo come in at sich a but].
2. adv. Suddenly, with violence ; face to face.
e.Yks. Nicholson Ftk-Sp. (1889). ne.Wor. He ran full butt
against me (J.W.P.). Dev. As I was gwain round the cornder,
1 mit'n full butt (.R.P.C). n.Dev. Rock Jiiit an' AV// ( 1867) Gl.
[Amer. I go full butt fer Libbaty's diffusion, Lowell Biglow (,1848)
127.]
[liulle butt in the frunt ... he hittej, Morte Arth. (c. 1420)
1112, ed. Brock, 33.]
BUTT, V?- Sc. In Wm.
1. To knock or push anything into position with a rough
blow or push.
Wm. Butt that streea aroond t'taty beep wi' thi speead back, ta
keep t'frost oot (B.K.).
2. In curling: to drive at a stone or stones lying near
the mark, so as if possible to push them out of the way.
Per. Come buttin up here l,G.W.). Gall. iJam.) Kcb. Ralph,
vexed at the fruitless play, The cockee butted fast, Davidson
Seasons (1789) 167 (16.).
3. Fig. to butt at, to hint at. N.I.'
BUTTAL, sb} Chs., e. and s. counties. Written buttle
e.An.> Suf.'
1. The bittern, Botauriis stellaris. Also called Bottle-,
Butter-bump (q.v.).
Chs.3 s. & e.Cy. Ray (1691'). e.An.i, Suf.' s.Cy. Grose
(1790). Sus. (K.) [.Swainson /:?;>(& (1885) 146.]
2. Coiiip. Buttle-blow, the note or cry of the bittern. Suf.*
BUTTAL, 5/).= Obs. Lin. Som. That part of un-
enclosed land which abuts on another property. See
Butt, sb." 3.
n.Lin.i Obs. The buttalls and boundaries thereof. Lease o/Bntmby
Warren (1628). Som. Quantities and contents, situation, buttaJs
and boundaries of the same, IVorle Enelosiire Act (1802) ; (W.F.R )
BUTTEN, prep. Obs. Sc. Without. Sec Bout, But.
Fif. Butten jeopardie, nae wicht Could stand that lauchter-lowin'
siclit. Tennant /^£7/'/s/n' (1827'! 28.
BUTTER, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
1. Comp. (i) Butter-badger, a dealer in butter; an
itinerant tradesman who collects butter from the farms
to sell at the market; see Badger, a'6.'; (2) -bakes, butter-
biscuits ; (3) -basin, a large wooden bowl to work or
make butter in ; (4) -bit, the small strainer in which
each pound of butter is wrapped when ready for market;
(5) -brass, see -money ; (6) -cake, a slice of bread spread
with butter; (7) -clocks, small pieces of butter floating
on the top of milk ; (8) -crock, an earthen vessel or jar
for holding butter; (9) -cross, a market cross in villages
vol.. I.
where butter. Sic, was sold on market days ; (10) -cup,
a small wooden cup used for rounding the bottom of a pat
of butter; (11) -fingered, unable to hold hot articles,
having tender fingers; (12) -fingers, a name given to
those who cannot hold hot substances in their hands;
(13) -firkin, a cask holding 56 lbs. of butter; (14) -fish,
the fish BloDiiiis Guuiielliis ; (15) -gob, a large front
tooth ; (16) -kits, souare boxes for carrying butter to
market on horseback; (17) -kiver, (18) -mit, a tub for
washing newly made butter; (19) -money, the money
which the farmer's wife makes from the sale of butter,
eggs, &c., which is gen. her perquisite; (20) -mowt,
a butterfly; (21) -penny, a penny for placing on the
scale with the ' pundstan ' (q.v.l in weighing butter; (22)
■print, (23) -runners, the block used in stamping butter
when ready for market; (24) -salt, a fine boiled salt, not
stoved, used esp. for making up butter; (25) -saps, see
-sops; (261 -scot, butterscotch, toffee; (27) -shag, (28)
-shive, a shce of bread and butter; (29) -skep, a round
straw box or basket with a lid, in which butter is packed
for market ; (30) -slate, a slab of slate kept in the dairy
for holding butter; (31) -sops, oatcake or wheaten bread
soaked or fried in melted butter and sugar, geit. provided
at a child's birth or christening; (32) -spot, a f^reckle;
(33) -stope, a vessel or firkin for holding butter ; (34)
-teeth, the upper front teeth ; broad, yellow teeth ; (35)
-tubs, holes m mountain limestone districts into which
streams disappear ; (36) -wife, a woman who sells butter.
(i) Wm.l, n.Yks.2 (2) Lth. Feedin' them wi' butter-bakes,
Snaps an' sugar-bools. Smith Meny Bridal (1866') 24. Edb. A
tumbler of strong beer and two butter-bakes. Mom Mansie JJ'aiieh
(1828) xxi. (3) nw.Der.i (4') Nhp.> (5) Cum.3 She's thrimlin"
for her butter-brass, 25 [see also s.v. Brass]. (6) Wm.' w.Yks.
' Na thank you ' has lost many a gooid butter-cake, Prov. in Brig-
house Nezvs (July 23, 1887); w.lfks.'^ Lan. Th' yungest ch'ilt
wur cryin' for a butthurcake, Brierlev Day Oh/ (1859) '9 : Lan.'
Aw remember thi mother ga' mo a traycle butter-cake, Waugh
Besom Ben (1866) 43. ne.Lan.l Chs. The child asked for a
buttercake. The father cut the bread without speaking and handed
it to his wife, who spread the butter, C/is. N. & Q. (1883) 111. 80.
nw.Der.i (7I Rxb. (Jam.) (8) Htv., Cot. Monthly Mag. (1810 ' I.
433- (9) w.Yks. When aw coom to th' buttercross aw saw a chap
'at had a cock an two hens in a basket, Hartley Cluck Aim.
(187741. (10 Chs.l (ii) w.Yks.i«^e.Ao.' (i2)e.Yks.i w.Yks.s
One who can't take a heated tin or vessel out of the oven without
the aid of a cloth, is pushed aside with the words, ' Gehr art o'
fwaay butter-fing-ers! ' e.Lan.' (13) n.Yks. Ash timber ... is
particularly valuable ... for the purpose of making butter-firkins,
TuKE Agiic. (1800) 188. [Gl. Lab. (1894).] (14) Sus. (F.E.S.)
Cor. What your Cornish Butterfish is I know not, Ray Corres.
(1677) 128. [Satchell (1879 .] (15) n.Lln.i (16) Cum. Now
joggan to market on butter-kits two, Dickinson Cuiiibr. (1875)
222; Cum.i (17) Glo.l (18) Shr.i (19^ Chs.', n.Lin.', War.^
Shr.' Things wenten very low i' the market to-day. Missis; I
hanna brought yo' much butter-money, (ao'i Chs.' (2i'i n.Yks.*
The practice among country matrons of giving their daughters
on the wedding day a 'butter penny' for placing on the scale
along with the ' pundstan,' that customers may never have to com-
plain of hard weight (s.v. Pundstan). (22 Lan. A face as wrinkled
as a butter-print, Brierley Cotters, in. e.Lan.' (23 n.Yks. Run
t'butter ower wi' t'lnitter-runners (I.W.>. (241 Chs.' ,25 Fif.
N. & Q. (1870') 4th S. vi. 424. e.Fif. A hearty sook o' the bultci-
saps, Latto 7>ii;i /lortkin (1864) ii. ^26) n.Yks.', m.Yks.' (27)
Cum. But gie them furst a butter-shag, Anderson Ballads (1805)
34, ed. 1808 ; Gl. ;i85i). Wm. His deeam . . . gemma sick buttre
shaggs baarn. an o macks a things it wes good, S/'ce. Dial. (188^1
pt. iii. 14. w.Yks. A buttershag redd3- for thee, Blackaii Poems
(1867)26. n.Lan.'.ne.Lan.' (28I w.Yks. ^G.H.; w.Yks.3 Tiiere's
ncer been no gooid doins since thumb buttershauvs went daan.
(29) n.Yks.* w.Yks. Leeds Mere. Suppl. (Jan. 23, 1892). (30)
Cum.' (31I Cum. How we fe.ast on cruds. collops, and guid butter
sops, Anderson Ballads ^I8o5) 39. Cum., Wm. iM.P.) Wm.'
(32I Mid. A few butter-spots upon his checks, Blackmore Kit
(1890) II. XX. Sus. Not common (E.E.S.). (331 [iK. ] 1,34)
w.Yks.*, e.Lan.', Stf.', nw.Der.', Nhp.', e.An.', Nrf.' Sus., Hmp.
Holloway. Hmp.', Wil.' w.Som.' Droa-d-n rai-t aewt-n dhu
roa-ud-n aa-t aewt tijc -v liz buad'r-tai'dh [pitched him right out
into the road, and knocked out two of his butter teeth]. (35)
Yks. Woodward Geol. Eng. and tValcs (1876)345. (36) Frf. The
30
BUTTER
[466]
BUTTERFLY
stones on which the butter-wives sat have disappeared, Barrie
Mimsler{iHgi)v. N.Cy.*
2. Comp. in plant-names: (1) Butter -basket, TroUitis
europaeits, globe flower ; (2) -bleb or -blob, Caltha
palustris, marsh marigold; (3) -bump, (a) common
Ranunculus or buttercup; {b) see -basket; {4) -burn
or -burr, {a) Petasites vulgaris, bog rhubarb ; (b) Tussilago
farfara, colt's-foot; (5) -churn, (6) -creeses, common
Ranunculus; (7) -daisy, (a) common Ranunculus; (6)
Chrysanthemum kucanthauum, large ox-eye daisy ; (8)
-dock, (a) Rumex obtiisifolius, broad-leaved dock ; \b)
Arctium lappa, burdock ; (9) -dockin, (a) see -dock ;
(b) Rumex alpim<s,mon\i's T\mh3.rh; (10) -flower, (rt) see
-bump (a) ; (b) see -bleb ; (11) -haws, Crataegus oxyacantha,
common hawthorn ; (12) -jags, Lotus cormculatus, bird's-
foot trefoil; (13) -leaves, the leaves of var. plants used for
packing butter, esp. (a) Atriplex hortensis; {b) Rumex
alpimts; (c) Beta cicla; (14) -pats, the fruit of Viola
sylvatica, wood violet ; (15) -plate, Ranunculus flammula,
spearwort ; (16) -pumps, the seed-vessels of Nuphar
Ixitea, yellow water-lily; (17) -root, Pinguicula vulgaris,
common butterwort ; (18) -rose, (a) Raiutnculus acris,
buttercup; (b) Primula vulgaris, common primrose; (19)
•twitch, Avena elatior.
(i^ w.Yks. (2-) e.Yks, (W.W.S."), w.Yks. (3, a) n.Yks. The
children brought in some butter-cups, and Susey seeing them cried
out, ' What bonny hooter boomps,' Fetherston Snitiggins Family,
38. m.Yks.' (6) n.Yks. (4, n j n.Bck., Cmb., s.Eng. (A) w.Yks.
Used for making cleat wine (J.T.). (5) War.3 (6) Bck. Science
Gossip (1869I 30. (7, «■) s.Bck. (i) Dor. Barnes Gl. (1863I;
Called 'London Daisy' in the neighbourhood of Broadwindsor
(C.W.). (8, ai Chs.i, Cor.s (i) Cor.12 (9,a)LakeI. (i) Cum.
(10, a) Der.i Hrt. Ellis Mod. Hiisb. (1750) IV. i. (A) Wil.i
The watered meadows, at the later end of April, are yellow with
butter flowers, Aubrey A'«/. Hist. 51, cd. 1847. (11) Nrf. (12'
n.Cy. (K.) ; N.Cy.2 (13, a) Glo. Marshall liiir. Ecoii. (1789- ;
Gl. (1851) ; Glo.' (b) Cum.' (c) Shr.' Sometimes the Sicilian
beet {Beta cicla) is cultivated expressly for the sake of its long, cool,
green butter-leaves. (14) Lan. Science Gossip (1882) 164. (15)
Nhb.l (16) Dor. (C.W.) (17) Yks. (18, (?) Dev.* {b) n.Dev.
Sweet butter-rosems, gooly-cups. Rock Jim an Nell (1867) st.
49. Dev." (19) Cum.
3. In phr. (i) butter and bear-caff, flattery, nonsense; (2)
— and bread, (a) bread and butter ; (b) the plant Crataegus
oxyacantha ; see Bread and Cheese ; (3) — a)Hi cake,
bread and butter; (4) — and eggs, (a) the pace of a horse
between a trot and a canter ; (i) a method of sliding
which consists in going down the slide on one foot and
beating with the heel and toe of the other, at intervals ;
(5) -my-eye, a butterfly ; (6) — in the black dog's hause, said
of anything irrecoverable ; see Black, at/J. II. 5 ; (7) — in
the gulls, said of anything that is sure to be discovered,
found out ; (8) to agree like butter and melts, said of people
who do not agree or get on together; (9) butter to butter
is no kitchen, see below ; (10) to get butter out of a dog's
throat, to attempt a difficult or impossible task; cf. (6);
(11) to put butter on bacon, to attempt to improve a thing
which is already perfect ; (12) butter goes mad twice in the
year, in summer it runs away, and in winter is too hard
and dear.
1 1) Sc. It's a' butter and bear-calT (Jam.). (2, «) Sc. Monthly
Mng. (1798) II. 435. Dur.' Butterand brede. Cheese and brede. (b)
n.Yks. (3I Yks. She browt me an egg, an' two lile bits o' butther-
an-caake (F.P.T.). (4,(1) n.Lin.' (61 Wil. I can do butter-and-cggs
all down the slide (G.E.D.). (5) War.^ (6) Sc. Had Dustansnivel
ken'd it was there, it wad hae been butter in the black dog's
hause, Scott Antiquary (1816) xxxviii. (7") n.Yks. Butter put in a
hole in the centre of a plate of hot gulls f hasty pudding] is sure to
find its way out. Hence the figure, ' Murder will oot, like t'butter
i'l'gulls' (,W.H.). (8) Sc. Kelly Prov. (1721') 323 (Jam.). (9)
Ant. Remark made if two girls are walking together, meaning that
each would prefer the companionship of a sweetheart, Baltvmcna
0*5.(1892). (10) w.Yks. I,S.K.C.) (II) Ken. (P.M.) (12) N.I.'
BUTTER, V. Sc. Irel. Lan. Lin. Mid. Sus. Som.
Slang.
1. To coax, flatter, ' soft-soap.' Cen. used with prep.
over, up, or down.
Sc. (Jam.) Frf. She's dependent on Jeames, so she h.is to
butter up at 'im, Barrie Tlminis (1889') xiii. Ir. He first butthers
them up. Lever H. Lon-equer {iS^g) xii. n.Lin.' He butter'd her
doon so wi' talkin' to her aboot her bairns. It's noa ewse butterin'
on me up i* this how, bairn. Mid. An old stupe like that can be
buttered up to anything, Blackmore ^jV (1890) III. i. w.Som.'
We never say ' butter up ' or ' butter down.' You knows the way
to buadr oa'vur the paa'sn, don'ee now?
Hence Buttering, vbl. sb. flattery. Sc. (Jam.)
2. In phr. (i) i?/^//cr ;;/y ai/^g-, a strong asseveration ; (2)
I'll be buttered, an exclamation of surprise.
(i) Sus.' No I wunt ; butter my wig if I will I (2) Lan. Aw'l
be butter't iv e didn't say as that 'ud do noane, fur e mun ha' six-
punze moore, Ormerod Felleyfro Rachde (1851) i.
BUTTER-AND-EGGS, sb. Var. flowers which are of
two shades of yellow, (i) Narcissus pseudo-narcissus,
common daffodil (Nhp.' Som. Dev.) ; (2) var. species of
Narcissus, esp. N. incomparabilis (Lan. War.* Sur. Wil.
Dev. Cor."), N. biflorens (Dev.), N. poetiais (Dev. Cor.);
(3) Lotus corniculatus, bird's-foot trefoil (Cum. War. Sus.) ;
(4) Linaria vulgaris, yellow toadflax (Cum.' Yks. Wor.
Glo.' n.Bck. Ess. Ken. Sus. Wil.' Dor. Som. Dev.*) ; (5)
Leucojum vernum (Dor.) ; (6) Iris pseudacorus (Nhp. Oxf
Bck.) ; (7) a variety of the primrose having a double
calyx, growing one out of the other (w.Som.').
II) Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. wEng. (1825^. w.Som.' (2)
n.Dev. Lent-roses, withy-wind, butter'n eggs. Rock Jim on' Nctl
(1867) St. 50. Dev.3 (3) Sus.' s. V. Slioesand Stockings. (4) Dor.
Barnes Gl. ( 1863) ; (C.W.) Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873;. w.Som.'
(5) Dor. (C.W.)
BUTTER-BUMP, sb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Lin.
Also in form bitter-bump Cum.' Lan.' Chs.'* [bu'tar-,
buta-bump.] The bittern, Botaurus stcllaris. Also called
Miredruni.
Cum.', n.Yks.2 e.Yks. Marshall /?!(>•. Econ. (1788) ; When the
buttlier bumps cry, Summer is nigh, Flk-ttiynic, Nicholson Flt:-
Lore [i8qo) 132; e.Yks.' -w.Yks. There'll either b.: rain or else
summiit waur, When Butter Bumps sing upon Potteric Carr,
Zoologist {F eh. 1869"); Swainson iVra's (1885I 147. Lan. Con no
tell a bitter bump fro a gillhooter, Tim Bobbin Viezv Dint. (1740) 2;
Lan.', Chs.'* Der.' Biitur-biimp. Lin. Moast loike a butter-
bump, fur I 'eerd 'um aboot an' aboot, Tennyson ^V. Farmer, Old
Style (1864) St. 8. n.Lin.' s.Lin. Ah heer'd the butter bumps
boomin', and the craans cronk-cronkin' (T.H.R.). [' I knew a man
of very high dignity,' says Sir Humphrey Davy, . . . ' who never
went out shooting without a bittern's claw fastened to his button-
hole by a riband, which he thought insured him " good luck," '
Swainson Birds (1885) 147.]
[Butter-bump, Onocrotalus avis. Skinner (1671).]
BUTTERCUP, sb. (1) Var. species of Ranunculus,
esp. (a) R. ficaria, lesser celandine (Cum. w.Yks.' Chs.
War. Glo.' Bck. Suf Sus. Wil. Dev.*) ; (b) R. auricomus
(Sus.); (2) Caltha palustris, marsh marigold (Dev.*) ; (3)
Potentilla anseriiui (s.Bck.).
( I, (I) Wil.' At Huish, all other varieties of Crowfoot being
' Crazies.'
BUTTERED, ppl. adj. Irel. Cum. Yks. Nhp. Shr. In
comb, (i) Buttered ale, ale boiled with sugar, butter,
spice, and eggs ; (2) — claret, claret boiled with butter,
sugar, spice, &c. ; (3I — eggs, the plant Lotus corniculatus ;
(4) —faggot, see below; (5) — haycocks, the toadflax,
Linaria vulgaris ; (6) — white wine, see — claret.
(i) Nhp.' If a little gin is added, it is called Hot-pot. Shr.'
Said to be an excellent specific for cold. It is made thus : boil
a pint of ale with a lump of butter in it, beat up two eggs with
sugar and spices, pour the boiling ale upon the eggs, stirring
briskly ; Shr.^ (2) Ir. Buttered claret was then a favourite
beverage, Barrington Sketches ^1830) I. iv. (3) Cum. (4) Nhp."
He that must eat a buttered faggot let him go to Northampton,
Prov. (5) Yks. (6") Ir. Nourished by a tumbler of buttered white
wine, Barrington Skelclies (1830) I. viii.
BUTTERFLY, sb. Yks. Chs. War. [bu-ta-flai, -fli.]
1. In comp. (I) Butterfly-cabmen, cabmen who drive
only during the best season of the year, and for the
remaining nine months follow another calling; (2)
•shooter, a volunteer, member of a rifle-corps.
(0 [Gl. Lab. (1894).] (2) War.2
BUTTERIE
[467]
BUTTON
2. A small patch or speck of cotton in material, which
has not taken the dj'c on account of 'snarls.' w.Yks.
(JG.)
3. pi. The small patches of salt which float on the top
when the ' set ' on a pan becomes broken.
Chs.* In bay-salt making, tlie salt at times forms small flakes or
collections of light crystals, which are also called butterllies.
BUTTERIE, sb. Nhb.' [butari, butri.] The sand-
martin, Coiili' riparia. Cf. bank-martin.
BUTTERMILK, sb. Chs. War. In comp. (i) Butter-
milk-cake, cake raised by mi.xing buttermilk and carbonate
of soda; (2) -can, the long-tailed tit, Acredii/a rosea; (3)
•man, an opprobrious term for a trooper of the Cheshire
Yeomanry; (4) -wedding, a wedding at which no 'ball-
money' (q.v.) is distributed.
(i) Chs.' They are frequently .split and buttered whilst hot from
the baking, or they may be left to go cold, and be eaten like
ordinary bread. (a) War.* 13 Chs.' (4) Chs. In Knutsford it
has been customary to throw money to the boys who follow the
bridal party from the church, and if this is omitted or forgotten,
the youngsters shout ' a buttermilk wedding,' IVii and IVisdont
(Aug. 1889) 162; Chs.>3
BUTTERY, sb. Obs. or obsol. Yks. Lan. Chs. Den
Nhp. Shr. Brks. e.An. Hmp. Wil. Dor. Written buttry
Nhp.^Brks.'Suf.iWil.i
1. A pantry, larder.
n.Yks.* Lan. Nought i' th' buttery but pork, Francis Daughter
oj Soil (1895) 173. m.Lan.' Trust a payson for nod knowing wod
a buttery is. s.Lan. B.'vmford Dial. (1850). Chs.' Still in use at
Hyde. s.Chs.' Biifuri no longer freq. nw.Der.', Nhp.*, Slir.',
Brks.>, e.An.>2 Sur. Used by the old only (F.H.) ; Suf.i, Ess.
(W.W.S ), Hmp.i Wil. Britton Beauties (1825); Wil.i Obsol.
Dor. The ravenous appetites engendered by the exercise causing
immense havoc in the buttery. Hardy lless. Tales (1888) I. 9
2. Comp. (i) Buttery-entry, the common pansy, Viola
tricolor; (2) -hack, a buttery hatch or half door, through
which provisions were passed.
(i) Der. The pansy rejoices in a considerable number of en-
dearing names : amongst these names is found ' Meet her i' entry,
kiss her i' buttery,' of which the above seems to be a contraction.
(2) e.An.2
3. In phr. cuddling in the buttery, cupboard love.
Shr.' Theer's a power too much cuddlin' i' the buttery gwein on.
[Promplariiis, a spence, or butterie, Cooper (1565) s.v.
Pyoiiipliiarius.'\
BUTTERY, adj. Irel. Cor. In comb, (i) Buttery
broth, boiling water poured on bread, seasoned with
salt, pepper, butter, and sometimes the green tops of
spring onions ; (2) — fingers, a term applied to a person
who lets things slip from tlie fingers, esp. any hot article.
(I ) Cor. Elder tay, or butteray broth, Thomas Aunt Kesziali, v.
(a) N.I.i Ant. Dnllyuiciia Obs. (,1893).
BUTTING-IRON, sb. Shr.'* An implement used in
peeling the bark oft' trees.
BUTTLE, sb. Sc. A sheaf, bundle of corn. See
Bottle, sb."^
Ayr. An' 'hint a' the shearers, \vi' Peggie I bindit the buttles o'
grain. 1'icken Poems (1813) I. 193 0am.;. Ayr., Lth. In common
use (J.F.).
BUTTLE, V. Yks. Lan. Dcr. [bu'tl.] To pour out
drink and hand it round.
w.Yks. Coom lad, buttle that drink eawt, wilta (D.L.) ; 'All
reight,' aw sed, 'aw'll buttle it raand,' Hartley C/oci^'}/;". (1884)
32. Lan. Fetch a bottle o' that wine yo' ban i' yo'r cage, an'
buttle it round, Brierley Cast upon IVurld (^1886) xviii ; Lan.',
e.Lan.', m.Lan.', nw.Dcr.'
Hence Buttler, sb. the one who pours out drink and
hands it round, in an ale-house.
m.Lan.' Th' big'st slotch i' th' comp'ny meks his scl th' buttler.
[Hack-formation fr. lit. E. butler, one who has charge of
the liquor.]
BUTTLES, sb. pi. e.An.'* A piece of land set apart
for archery and the butts. See Butland, s6.*, But(t, sb.^
BUTTOCK, sA.' Sc.
1. The remainder, end, bottom.
Lth. She had (he buttock o' the last grady cheese still i' the
press, LuMSDEN Sluipliead (1892; 250.
2. Comp. Buttockmail, a ludicrous term given to the
fine exacted by an ecclesiastical court in cases of fornica-
tion.
Sc. D'ye think the lads wi' the kills will care for yer sj'nods and
yer presbyteries, and yer buttock-mail, and yer stool of repentance?
Scott JFrtwr/cv ( i 8 i 4 i xxx ; Grose (1790) MS. add. [C.) ; (Jam.)
BUTTOCK, s6.* Stf. Der. War. Coal-mining term :
the slice or layer in which coal is taken out in the step
system of long-wall working.
Str., Der., War. In Yks. we use the word ' Fall' and in Lan.
'Jon' iCB.C); (J.H.B.)
BUTTON, s6.' and i^.' Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
1. sb. Fig. Intellect, senses, esp. in phr. to have all one's
buttons, to have lost a button, have a button off, &c. In gen.
use.
Wm. A'. & O. ri888) 7th S. vi. 457. w.Yks. In Wilsden, one
lacking full mental capacities has ' some of his buttons olT,' Leeds
Mere. Suppl. {Jan. 23, 1892*. Lin. Speaking of a person's fitness
for any particular undertaking, that he will easily do it, we say
' It's in his buttons," A'. iSr- Q. (1888) 7th S. vi. 365. n.Lin.',
sw.Lin.' w.Wor. He seems to have all his eye teeth about him,
he's got all hisbuttons, S. Beauchamp Grantlcv Grange 1874) 1. 169.
Hnt. He has got all his buttons, shanks an' all (T.P.F.V Oxf.>
MS. add. Hrt. (G.H.G.) Nrf. She has two buttons off [is partly
silly] (A.S.P.) ; (E.M.) Ess.' 62. Hmp. (T.L.O.D.) Wil. They
said he had not got all his buttons, meaning he was not all there,
KE}itiARD Diogenes (1893 xi; Wil. (GE-D.) Som. But ad got
hes whack o' buttons, wliich es moor than zome o' we, ' Agrikler '
Rliymes (18721 15. w. Som.' .Sharp little maid — her've a-got all
her buttoiis, Til warn her. nw.Dev.'
2. In phr. Buttons and buttonholes, entirely, completely ;
'neck and crop'; (2) by the buttons, an oath, expletive;
(3) to take the button, to excel, to surpass all credence.
^I) Ayr. ' Are you fairly set on turning William Dickie ooto' his
place ?' 'Buttons and buttonholes, stump and branches,' Johnston
Glenbuekie (1889) 37. (2) w.Yks.* Oiten heard in and about
Sheffield. (3) w.Yks. Theer ! that'll do, that taks t'button (B.K.).
3. Comp. (i) Button-cap, a fairy; (2) -clothes, a boy's
first suit of jacket and trousers, with the latter buttoning
over the former; (3) -crawler, a woodlousc ; (4) -grass,
the plant Avena elaiior,co\xc\\-%,xa^s; (5) -hole, the plant
Scolopendrium vulgare, hart's-tongue ; (6) -hole-ratcher,
a term applied to any very appetizing dish ; (7) -mouse,
a small mouse found in the fields ; (8) -pound, money,
cash; (9) -smasher, see -hole-ratcher ; (10) -stockings,
gaiters, leggings ; {w) ■\.W\\.q.)\, Avena elatior ; (12) -weed,
Centaurea nigra, knapweed.
(I) w.Yks.* (2) e.Yks.i jW5. nrfrf. (T.H.) (3) Dor. w.Gaselle
(Feb. 15, 1889) 6, col. 7. (4) Cum. From the round bulb-like
bodies which are frequently found at the base of the stems. (5)
e.Sus. The fructification in a j'oung state much resembles a button-
hole. (6) Lan. We were to have three scalding potato pies, . . .
a 'gradely button-smasher, and button-hole-ratcher,' Brierley
Cast upon IVorld (1S86) x. (7) S. & Ork.' (81 Nhp.' If I had as
many fat sheep as you, I'd soon turn them into button-pound
[sell them, and pocket the money]. (9 Lan. See 1^6). (10) Som.
(W.F.R.); W. &J.G/. (1873). w.Som.' Buufn staukeenz. (11)
Cum.l (12) Sus.
4. A mushroom in its unexpanded state, used esp. for
pickling.
Chs.' The smallest buttons are gathered, the excuse being that,
according to the old saying. 'A mushroom never grows any more
after it is once seen'; Chs.^ Not. (L.C.M.), n.Lin.', Nhp.>*
War.3, wor. (J.W.P.), Shr.*, Oxf.' MS. add. Wil. He gathered
between twenty and thirty in a few minutes — ' buttons,' full-grown
mushrooms, and overgrown ketchup ones, Jefferies Dcvis (,i88a)
xxix ; Wil.'
5. A small round gingerbread cake.
n.Lin.', Nhp.', Shr.', e.An.>
6. A name given to var. button-shaped flowers, esp. (i)
the garden or double daisy, Bellis perennis ; (2) the fever-
few, Pyrethrum parthenium; (3) the common tansy, Tana-
cetum vulgare.
[i) w.Yks. (W.F.) sw.Lln.l Our pigs raved all the garden up,
all but the buttons, (a) w.Som.' 1^3) n. Yks.
7. The burrs of var. plants, such as the burdock, thistle,
&c. Also called beggar's buttons (q.v.).
w.Som.' n.Dev. Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.)
302
BUTTON
[468]
BUYER
8. Sheep's droppings ; dung.
Hrt. Ellis Shcp. Guide (1750) 148. w.Cy. GnosE (1790') Siippl.
w.Som.i Cor. Monthly Mag. (i8o8) II. 544. [His breech makes
buttons, Ray Prov. (1678) 231.]
9. The navel.
w.Yks. T'baiin hes a lot o' pain abaht it button. T'belly button's
nooan as it owt ta be (B. K.).
10. An inferior stone found in Swanage quarries. Also
in comp. Button-stone. Dor. (C.W.)
11. V. Obs. To make buttons.
Dor. Good Wds. (1870) 97 ; In common use until of late years.
Not linen, but thread buttons worked upon a wire ring, and made
by every woman and child. The materials were always spread
in the lap on a piece of green stuff" to try and neutralize the effect
of the white cotton thread constantly on the eyes (O.P.C.).
12. Of sheep : to make dung, ' buttons.'
n.Dev. Hot ded tha yoe do, when tha had'st a cort en . . . but
vurst ha button'd, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 214.
13. To shut up. Oxf. (Hall.)
14. In phr. (i) button for, to assist, favour; (2) button up,
to be silent.
(i) w.Yks. (B.K.); w.Yks.2 (2) n.Lin.*
[4. When young it (the mushroom) appears of a roundish
form like a button, the stalk as well as the button being
white, Ch.\mbers Cyclop. (1788) s.v. Mushroom.]
BUTTON, s6.2 and v.' Yks. Not. [butan.]
1. sb. A rest.
Not.2 I'm going to ha a ' button,' yow can dow as yuv a mind.
2. V. To take a rest. Not.'^
Hence Buttoning-time, sb. a short period of rest about
II o'clock, just before the midday meal.
w.Yks.2 Not a country word, but used by Sheffield workmen.
BUTTON, sb.^ and v.^ Not. Lon. Slang. _
1. sb. One of the persons engaged in the thimble-rigging
swindle; a decoy of any kind. Also called buttoner.
Not.i In striking a bargain over cattle, &c., the buttoner is
employed to cry up or cry down the value of the goods.
Lon. One of the confederates, who is called ' a button,' lifts up
one of the thimbles with a pea under it, Mayhew Loud. Labour
(,1851 III. III. Slang. The button, that is the confederate who
egged on the flats, Besant & Rice Vulcan (1877) '•'^ (Farmer).
2. V. To act as an accomplice at a sale or bargain. Not.'
BUTTONY, sb. Sc. A children's game.
Frf. The pretty buttons Tommy had won for her at the game of
buttony, Barrie Tommy (1896J 172. Per. Boys or girls stand in
a row with eyes shut, and palms placed together and open to
receive a button from one of them going along the line. 'Buttony'
asks who has the button — they guess ; if the guess is correct the
person becomes buttony ; if no one guesses correctly, the receiver
of the button becomes buttony in turn (G.W.).
BUTTRESS, sb. Nhb. Lin. Nhp. Wor. Shr. e.An.
Som. Also written buttrace w.Som.'; buttrice Nhp.'
Suf; buttrise n.Lin.' [bu'tras, butris.] An instrument
used by farriers to pare a horse's foot before shoeing.
Nhb. I, n.Lin.' Nhp.' Almost superseded by the paring knife.
s.Wor. (H.K.^, Shr.2, e.An.' Nrf. Cozens-Hardy Bioad Nif.
(1893) 56. Suf.i w.Som.' The buutrees is used by pushing the
instrument away from the operator, while the parer is drawn
towards the user.
[Boiitoir, a farriers buttress, Cotgr. ; A buttrice and
pincers, a hammer and naile, Tusser Hiisb. (1580) 36.]
BUTT-SHUT, V. Wil. To join iron without welding,
by pressing the heated ends squarely together, making
an imperceptible join. Also usedy?^.
Wil.' A glaringly inconsistent story or excuse is said ' not to
butt-shut.'
BUTTY, sb} and v. Gen. dial, use in Eng.
1. sb. A fellow-workman, partner, mate ; an intimate
friend, chum. Also used as a term of address.
n.Cy. Grose (1790) Suf>f>l. w.Yks. Ike Smith an his butty
Bill Brust, Hartley Clock Aim. fi894) 40; Give us a lift, butty
(H.L.); w.Yks.a sw.Yks. They're fearful butties (F.P.T.). Lan.',
e.Lan.i, Chs.> = 3 s.Chs.' Wi wun biitiz oa r dhaat- job. Stt.'s
s.Stf. Whccr's thy butty? What good cost du by thyself
PiNNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895). nw.Der.' Not. (L.C.M.) ; Not.^
' Butty canna foUcr butty.' Heard in the game of marbles, meaning
that one partner cannot follow one on his own side ; Not.^, Lin.',
Lei.', Nhp.>2, War. (J.R-W.), War.23, s.War.', w.Wor.' s.Wor.
We was butty servants together (H.K.). se.Wor.' 'Er's my butty
when I weshes at the pawson's. Shr. Job Rogers told his butties,
BuRNE FlkLore (1883) .xiv ; Shr.' Hrf.' ; Hrf.2 In some trades
the butty is necessarily the inferior man, as with sawyers. Some
very good workmen prefer working in pairs, the butty being the'
younger man. Glo. One o' my butties cummed up and I gets un
to teak my place, Buckman Darke's Sojourn (1890) xxii ; Glo.'
We'm butties. Oxf. So I say, butties, I see now that I be right,
'E.i.\.\% Pronunc. (1889) V. 117; Oxf.' Not used in sw.Oxf, MS.
add. Nr[. Ellis Pronunc. (1889) V. 267. Cmb.' Well, butty ;
and how's your granny to-day? Hmp., I.W. i^H.C.M.B.) Wil.
Slow GA (1892' ; Wil.' Som. W. & J. G/. {1873^ Cor.2 [In a
blast-furnace, if a man is working on the night shift, the day-shift
man is termed his butty, Gl. Lab. ^1894).]
2. Comp. (i) Butty-brew, a social meeting at which each
person pays for his own share of drink; (2) -gang, a gang
of men who share equally ; (3) -lark, the meadow pipit,
Anthtts pratensis; (4) -man, a sub-contractor in a colliery;
(5) -piece, a field belonging to two owners, but undivided
by a fence ; (6) -shop, a shop where goods were formerly
given on account of wages.
(i) Chs.' (a) s.Wor.' (3) s.Cy. Poetry Provinc. in Cornli. Mag,
(1865) XII. 36. Hmp. So called from its accompanying the cuckoo,
or rather pursuing it (J. R.W.); Hmp.' (4) Glo.' (5) Chs.'^ (6)
n.Lin.'
3. Mining term : a stall man or contractor who has
a few men under him. Also used attrib. in butty collier.
Stf. The worst place o' the lot, kept by old Evans, a butty
collier, N. & Q. (1867) 3rd S. xi. 493. n.Stf. (J.T.) Stf.2 Moi
feifiarz bctsrtn tioin; moi feiSarz a buti. Not. It's one of them
butty colliers as did it (L.C.M.) ; Not.', Shr.' [Gl. Lab. (1894I.]
4. Among boys: one to whom the hard work falls,
a drudge, cat's-paw.
s.Not. Ah didn't play butty, ah promise yer. Yo all on j'er mek
the poor lad yer butty (J.P.K.).
5. A fellow, one of a pair of shoes or gloves.
Shr.' I've fund one shoe, but canna see the butty no-w'eer.
6. In phr. (i) to do bully, to act unfairly ; (2) to co butty,
to be in collusion with another; (3) to play bully, to act
unfairly by purposely losing at a game at first, in order to
draw on an opponent to his ruin. See Booty, 51^.
(i) w.Yks. He'll do 'butty' iv he isn't watched (E) L.). (2) ib.
The auctioneer is going butty with the broker, and knocks down
all these cheap lines to him (M.N.) ; w.Yks.^, Chs.' (3) w.Yks.',
Chs.2
7. V. To work together, keep company with.
s.Chs.' Dhi)n tai'n it [wee-ut] bi aag-, un dhi bin goo'in tu biifi
oa'r it [they'n tayn it by hagg, an' they bin gooin'to butty o'eritl.
Stf.2 Ja ort ovriz ts buti wi fouks az or betsrtn jorsel. Lei.' Oi
buttled wi' 'im all lasst summer. War.^ I butty with Jackson ;
War.3
8. To cohabit, as man and wife.
Shr.' Did'n'ee 'ear as Jim Tunkiss brought three children to the
parish ? I reckon 'e inna married, but 'e's bin butlyin' alung o' one
o' them Monsells ; Shr.^ Her inna married, her butties.
9. To act in concert with intent to defraud ; to play
unfairly.
Yks. Seldom heard except among farmers or old men, Leeds
Merc. Suppl. (Dec. 27, 1890). w.Yks. (J.T.)
BUTTY, s6.2 Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf [bu'ti.]
1. A slice of bread and butter ; also bread spread with
treacle, sugar, &c.
w.Yks. (A.C.) Lan. (S.W.) ; Here, Polly, get howd o' this
butty, an' then run an' tell thi feyther to come here, Wood Hum.
Sketches, 13 ; Lan.', e.Lan.' m.Lan.' When aw were a lad id were
a bit o' clap cake dipt i' wayter, an' then sprinkled o'er wi' sawt.
Chs. Give me a sugar-butty (E. F.) ; Chs.'* s.Chs.' A piece of
bread and butter is often distinguished as a ' brembiit-fir biiti.'
Str.2
2. Comp. Butty-cake, bread and butter. See Butter-
cake.
Lan. They'd each on um a buttycake i' their hont, a dainty
allowed at th' close uveveryporritch-eitin beawt, Staton B. Shuttle,
4 ; Lan.' Chs. An' a dirty face, eatin a butty-cake, Yates Owd
Peter, x.
BUTTY"WOMAN, see Butt, sb.^
BUUM, see Boom, num. adj.
BU'VER, see Buer.
BUVES
[469]
BUZZOM
BUVES, sb. -pi. Yks. The brisket or bosom of a horse.
n.Yks.^ ne.Yks. (M.C.F.M.)
BUXOM, adj. n.Cy. Yks. War. Brks. e. & s. counties.
Also in forms boxin n.Yks. ; buckzome Brks.'
1. Prompt, brisk, sprightly in obej'ing.
w.Yks. Come, come, my lass, be buxom ! (^C.C.R.)
2. Blithe, jolly.
N.Cy.^ n.Yks. A boxin', ciimley lad, Twepdeli. Clevel. Rhymes
(1875) 41. Brks.* Often followed by ' like.' A zimmed got quite
well an' buckzome like, e & s.Cy. Ray (1691). s.Cy. Grose
(1790). [Kennett 7'm-. ..4)//iV/. (16951.]
3. Of a lad : strong and healthy ; good-looking.
w.Yks. (W.C.S.\ War.3
[1. Many a beggere . . . buxome was to swynkc,
P. Plowman (b.) vi. 197. 2. Vago, blithe, buckesome, full
of glee, Florio (1598,1.1
BUY, V. So. Lan. Chs. War. Won Suf Sur. Cor.
1. Pret.: (i) Bote, (2) Buyed.
(I) War.2 I bote a couple o' ducks isterd'y. (2") Snf. (F.H.)
Sur. I never buyed none, Bickley Sitr. Hills (l8go) I. xiii. Cor.'
2. In phr. (i) Buy a broom, (a) to take out a warrant;
(b) Dipsacus pilostts, shepherd's rod ; (2) — a father,
amongst hatters: to give a shilling for beer as a treat
to workpeople ; (3) — in, (4) — into (a house), to cater for
a household.
(i, rt) Sc. The people got rusty about it, and they had bought so
many brooms, Scott Guy M. (1815) xxviii. (6) Wor. (E.S.I (s)
Chs.i (3) Lan. A'. &£>. ri868)4th S. ii. 99; Sithee whecr yo'rSall
is comin back fro' beigliin-in (S.W. ). 1,4') Lnk. What div they
[husb.nnds] ken aboot buying intaeahoose? WARDROpy, Malhison
(1881) 26.
BUYED, V. Suf. To buy.
e.Suf. I mean to buyed a knife. I'll go and buyed one. Go and
buyed a rake. Very common (F.H.).
BUYNHOGA, sb. S. & Ork.' Home, the place of
birth.
[ON. barn, a bairn (q.v.]+haga, ace. oHiagi, a pasture ;
see Jakobsen Norsk in Shetland (1S97) loi.]
BUZ, see Buss, sb.^
BUZGUT, sb._ Cor.' A great eater or drinker.
(OCor. bus (bus), later form ot bos or boys, meat, food
(Williams).]
BUZKNACKING, see Buzznacking.
BUZLY, see Buzzy, adj.
BUZ(Z, v.^ and si.' Yks. Chs. Stf. Ken. (?) Soni.
[buz.]
1. V. To move hurriedly, to fuss about.
Stf.' Ei went buzin alung at a priti reit. w.Som.' Uur-z au-vees
u buuz'een ubuwt waun plaeus ur nuudhur [she is alwaj'S
buzzing about one place or anothcrl.
2. To run against a person, with prep. ' agcn.'
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Stippl. (Jan. 23, 1892) ; w.Yks.^
3. To throw with violence. Cf. bazz.
s.Chs.' Buz a pebble at his top-nut. Ken. (W.H.E.) [Not known
to our other correspondents iu Ken.]
4. sb. Speed, activity.
Stf.2 Dh' bobi'z just gon past at 3 rear and buz.
BUZ(Z, f.2 and s6.' Lan. Also Som. Amer. [buz ]
1. V. To gossip ; to whisper ; to tell tales.
Lan. Buzz a great word or two i' Matty's car, Drierley
Mnrlocks {iZ6t)\. w.Som.i [tJ.S.A. He buzzed me a straight hour,
Carruth Kan. Univ. Quar. (Oct. 1893) I.]
2. sb. A tale.
Lan. That felley ut writes thoose Lanky [Lancashire] buzzes,
thoose ut's bin i'th Bury Guardian, Wood Sketches, 84 ; I had
heard the buzz, Westall Old Factory (1885) 67. m.Lan.'
BUZZ, sb.^ Yks. Suf The prickly calyx of certain
weeds; a burr. e.Yks.', Suf. (F.H.)
BUZ(Z, V.' Yks. Shr. Glo. Oxf Sus. Hmp. [buz, bBz.]
In drinking: to empty the bottle.
w.Yks.' Shr. 2 To fill a glass brimful, in defiance of the chance
that if some is left in the bottle, the drinker must .tIso toss off a
second. Glo. Lysons KH/^g-. 7"oh^w( 1868) 20. Oxf. We must buzz
the bottle (M.A.R.). Sus., Hmp. Holloway. [iV. tr Q. (1832)
ist S. V. 187.]
BUZZ, see Buzzfer, sb.^
BUZZA, see Bussa.
BUZZACK, see Bussock.
BUZZARD, sb.' Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Lin. Nhp.
Wor. Glo. Bck. Dev. Also in forms buzzart Lnn. ;
buzzer(de.Lan.'; buzzert Lan.' nw.Der.' [buzad, buzat,
bBzad.]
1. A moth or butterfly; alsoy?/^. Cf bustard.
Cum. (E.W.P.) w.Yks. A silly buzzard fellow Doncin" raand
a bit o' leet. Hartley DMcs (i860j 11; (SMB.); w.Yks.' '^
Lan. George has catcht thee a new sort ov a buzzart, aw colours,
MuLLiNS Johnny, ii ; Lan.' He's olez after buzzerts and things.
ne.Lan.', e.Lan.^ Chs.* Also applied to a short-sighted person.
nw.Der.' Glo. As blind as a buzzard, Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.)
Dev. (Wright.)
2. A cockchafer; any buzzing insect; a grub, caterpillar.
Lan.'. e.Lan.', Chs.', nw.Der.', Nhp. 2 Wor. One o' thahy great
bluebottle buzzards lied agen mah heye (H.K.). D.Bck. (A.C.)
nwDev. (R.P.C.)
3. Camp, (i) Buzzard-bat (-battle, or -beetle), a blue
stag, or other beetle; (2) -clock, a cockchafer: (3) -fly,
a bluebottle fly; (4) -moth, a downy moth which flics
by night.
(i) Wor. (H.K.) (a) Lin. 'Eard 'um a bummin awaay loikc a
buzzard-clock owermy 'ead, Tennyson A'. Farmer, Old Style ^1864)
St. 5. n.Lin.' (3, 4) Wor. (H.K.)
BUZZARD, sb.' N'hb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Also written buzzert Cum.' [bu'zsrd, bu'zad.] A timid
person, a coward ; esp. one who is afraid in the dark.
Nhb.' What a buzzard — freetened o' the dark. Dur.' Cum. Tom
a buzzard was at heame, Stagg Misc. Poems (1805) 94; Cum.'
She's a fair buzzert at neets. Wm. (J.M.^; Wm.' A's flcyt on't
a sewer; a is sic a buzzard. n.Yks. (T.K.) ; (I.W.) m.Yks.',
w.Yks. (J.T.), w.Yks.' n Lan. T'gart buzart's fritand av a maus
(W.S.) ; Ye men-folk er sic buzzards, Morris Siege o' Brou'lon
(1867) 6. ne.Lan.'
BUZZARD-HAWK, si. Sc. Also Nrt. The buzzard,
Bnleo vulgaris.
Frf. Swainson Birds ^1885) 133. Nrf. Cozens-Hardy Broad
Nrf. 1 1893) 47.
BUZZAROON, sb. n.Yks." An umbrella.
BUZZED UP, ppl. phr. Yks. Chs. [buzd.]
1. Of the edge of a sharp tool : blunted.
sChs. Let mistreytn dhu ej u mahy shuvl ; it)sbuzd iip (T.D.).
2. Ruffled, dishevelled.
w.Yks.2 My word, he has got it buzzed up [said of a man's
hair brushed backwards"!.
BUZZEL-HEARTED, adj. Wil.' Of cabbage or
broccoli : having no 'eye,' or central shoot. Cf. bruckle-
hearted. See Buzzly.
BUZZ(ER, 56.' Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. In
form buzz w.Yks. s.Chs.' [buza(r), buz.] A steam
whistle or ' hooter,' used to call operatives to their work.
Cf. bull, si.' 5.
Nhb. As soon as the buzzer blew to begin %vork, Nnvc. Dy.
Leader (Aug. 25, 18961 6. e.Dur.' w.Yks. Tbuz az guan, \a\ bi
lat taSiwak, if taduznt liukSap(J.W.) ; w.Yks.=3, s.Lan. (S.W.),
s.Chs.', n.Stf. (J.T.), Stf.2
Hence Buzzed (bussed), adj. too late for work.
w.Yks., n.Stf (J.T.) ; Stf.*
BUZZER, sb.'^ w.Yks. A hydro-extractor, used for
expelling water from material by centrifugal action. (II.H.)
BUZZER(D, BUZZERT, see Buzzard.
BUZZLY, adj. Sur. Hmp. Of trees and plants :
pinched, stunted ; having no central shoot. Cf buzzel-
hearted.
Sur.' I doiibt we shant get many apples this year, the blossoms
come so buzzly-like, so blackified. Hmp.' Of a tree whose branches
are thick and stunted.
BUZZNACKING. prp>. and sb. Yks. Also Som. Dev.
Also written buzknacking. [bu'znakin.]
1. prp. Fussing, gossiping, tattling. See Buz(z, v."^
n.Yks.' To knack is to talk in an aflccted way. She's in an' oot
t'toon thruff, buzknacking aboot ; n.Yks.* Dev. Reports Provinc.
(1886) 92.
2. sb. Gossiping, ' buzzing.' w.Som.' [buuznaak'een ]
BUZZOCK, see Bussock.
BUZZOM, sec Besom.
BUZZOM, BUZZUM, sec Bozzom, adj.
BUZZY
[470]
BY
BUZZY, 5*. Nhp. A familiar name, used in speaking
to a person.
Nhp.' Well, my biizzy, how do you do ?
BUZZY, adj. Shr. Brks. Also in form buzly Brks.^
1. Rough, bushy, like a fox's brush. Brks.'
2. Comp. Buzzy-ball, a wild-rose gall, formed by the
insect Cynips rosae.
Shr. At Church Stretton ... a 'buzzy-ball,' a ' Tommy-tailor'
(the caterpillar otherwise called 'miller' and 'woolly bear'), and
some hair stolen from the cross of a ' Jack donkey,' must be
secured in a piece of silk without the use of pin or needle, and
hung round the child's neck. As the Tommy-tailor wastes away,
the [whooping-lcough will gradually disappear, BuRNE Flk-Loie
(1883'! XV ; Shr.i Also called Briar-boss, q.v.
BWODE, see Bode.
BWY(E, int. Som. Good-bye !
Som. Jennings Ohs. Dial. w.Eiig. 1 1825). w.Som.' Bwai'ee ; lit.
bee wai- ee, be with ye, spoken rapidly.
BY, sb. Yks. Also Suf. [bai.] In phr. (i) to give a
person the by, to ignore, pass him by ; (2) on the by, by
chance.
(i) w.Yks. Ah saw him when t'chapel lowsed, but ah gav' him
t'by (J.T.). (2) e.SuF. I happened with him on the by (F. H.).
'BY, prep. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also
written bi, be; see below. See Be, Biv. [Stressed form
bai, unstressed bi.]
I. Of place or position : beyond, past, by the side of.
KXsofig.
Slk. Why . . . should you endeavour to put grist by your own
mill, Hogg Tales (iSaSl 209, ed. 1866. ne.Yks.' Aether thruff or
by [by hook or by crook], 84. e.Yks. It's a case o' thruffan' by [we
must get through it or over it] ^R..S.). se.Wor. She corn't abear
nothing to go by her [of a grasping person] (R.M.E.). e.Suf. (F.H.)
II. Of means, cause, relation, &c.
1. Of means : by the help of, by means of; upon, with.
Ayr. (J.F.) Gal). Common (A.W.V Wm. It war paid for bi
nooats. T'babby hes just begun ta walk across t'kitchen bi haulds.
We leev a gay bit bi poddish an' treacle i.B.K.). n.Yks. (R.H.H.)
e.Yks. (G.C.) ; Tak it doon by endways (R.S.). w.Yks. (S.K.C.)
s.Wor. The pig doesn't come on noane bythot sart o' stuff (H.K ).
s.Pem. Pigs feeds well by baarley (rare)(,W.M.M.). Glo. To 'buy
bi hand' is to buy cattle according to the way they feel to the hand,
and by estimation with the eye. ' How do 'ee sell em — bi hand or bi
wate ? ' (S.S.B.) e.Suf. He must have something but bread to
work all day by (F.H.). w.Sus. (E.E.S.) sw.Sus. In common
use (G.A.W.). Dor. (H.J.M.'i, e.Som. (G.S.") w.Som.' There idn
nort like good hard bread and cheese and cider to work by. In
ref. to a particular sort of food forpigs : Dhaidu diie'vuur'ee wuul
buy ut [they thrive very well upon it]. This would be quite the
common mode of expression. nw.Dev. ' On ' is more gen. used.
Have 'ee got ort vor tie'n up by ? (R.P.C.) Cor.*
2. In consequence of; judging from.
Per. We'll hae fine weather by the barometer (G.W.). Ayr.
(J.F.1, Edb. (J.G.) Gall. Common (A.W.). n.Ir. (A.J.I.), s.Ir.
(J.F.M.ff.) Nhb. Yor tired biyorwaak, aa see (R.O.H.). Wm.
He's plenty o' brass bi t'way it rattles i' his pocket (B.K.). n.Yks.
(R.H.H.) e.Yks. Train's comin', by signal (R.S.). w.Yks. Thah's
been laikin' i' t'muck. bi thi cloas (S.K.C.) ; Be that, ah sud say at
boath t'mesteran his coil worraand, Tosi Treddlehovle iJoi'ras/n
Ann. (1852). St£2, Not.' n.Lin. I should think by the colour of
his nose that he drinks (J.T.F.). Lei. It's going to rain, by that
sound in the chimney (C.E.). War.^ The ice is giving, by the
noise. s.Wor. I've fund thot by the broccolo (H.K.). se.Wor.
We'll ha' falling weather, by the wind (R. M.E.I. s.Pem. I've a
found your blacklid [pencil] as you'd a lost, by sweeping. She've
a hurted her knee by comin' downstairs. In these cases a stress is
laid on 'by' (E.D.) ; Th'rabbat is ket, by the dog (rare) (W.M.M.).
s.Oxf. That there horse have got a colic, by the manner of him
(M.W.). e.Suf. (H.J.L.R.) ; There's a bird in that bush, by the
cat (F.H.\ w.Suf. (C.G.B)., w.Sus. (E.E.S.) s.WU., Dor.
Usual (C.V.G.). Dor. (H.J.IVI.) w.Som.' Thick rabbit's a passed
on, by the dog. He 'ont never 'gree to it; can tell by un.
nw.Dev. There was brave doings, by the papers I R.P.C). w.Cor.
(M.A.C.) Cor.3 He's a dead man, by his groaning.
3. Relating to, concerning, about, of, towards.
Ayr. Louis, what reck I by thee, title. Burns. Gall. Rare
(A.W.). Nhb. It'll come in biv him [retribution will tollow some
time for an injury done] (R.O.H.). Wm. Ah think nowt bi yon
nag, does thoo ? Nowt fine at o', as t'man said bi his wife (B.K.);
I never saw anything wrong by him (T.E.); Wm.' I knaa nowt
but weel by im. n.Yks. As t'man sed biv hiz wife (I.W.). w.Yks.
Say t'same by them. Tom Treddlehoyle Baitusla Ann. (1850).
Lan. What have you done by your father, as he has not come with
you? (S.W.); (H.M.) r.e Lan.' s.Chs. Rarely used (T.D.).
Stf.2 Oi'l dau mi dauti boi ar. s.Not. He didn't do amiss by his
pigs. A know no harm by him, nor yet no good. But a slight
shade of depreciation is perhaps conveyed, as we could not say
'A know no good by him.' Jack's gone, — Well, what by that?
(J.P.K.) Not.^ As the chap said by his brother — 'e was aw reet
wen 'e warn't drunk. Lin. I done moy duty boy 'um, as I 'a done
boy the lond, Tennyson N. Fanner, Old Style (1864) st. 3. n.Lin.^
Well, what by that? Lei. If3-ou tell a native, near Melton Mowbray,
that he has done something he ought not to have done, or vice
versa, he will reply 'Well, what by that ? ' 1 C.C.B.) Wor. (W.B.)
s.Wor. I doesn't knaow what-hever us shall be to do by thahy rots
i' the barn (^H.K.). sw.Wor. To be well done by [well cared for]
I E.R.D."). Shr.' Whad did they say by 'er? The rots bin snivin',
I dunna know whadever's to be done by 'em. s.Oxf. He said he'd
do a good part by her (M.W.). e.Suf. Something must be done
by the green-fly on the roses. Not that I know by. Your allot-
ment will do better by you. if you take more pains with it. You've
hurt me, but I don't care by it (F.H.). w.Suf. 1 C.G.B.) sw.Sus.
You'll do no good by that (G.A.W.). s.Wil. I han't the money to
do it by her. We've had a good bit to do by bells. I can't do
nothing by him (C.V.G.). Dor. (H.J.M.), e.Som. (G.S.) w.Som.'
Jis the same's the man zaid by "is wive — her's a rare forester vor
butter-n cheese. You don't hear it by many vokes. After the
verb to know, 'hy^ is constantly used in negative answers: Naut"-s
aay noa' buy [not that I know of]. nw.Dev. He won't do't if he
hath'n a mind to, as the man said by his jackass. I don't know
'ot us shall do by't. I don't mind lending 'ee a hand, if thee't
do the same by me (R.P.C). w.Cor. Are you going?— Not as I
knows by. What will 3-0U do by all the cold meat? (M.A.C.)
Cor.* Do you know by a house that will suit me?
4. In accordance with, by the rule of.
Wm. Ah buy my nags by mi Bible [i.e. they are honestly bought]
(B.K.).
5. In comparison with, compared with.
Inv. It's less sore now by what it was before (H.E.F.). Abd.
Sindle I sing, by what I us'd to doe, Shirrefs Po«;js 11790) 100;
She's bonnie be him (W.M.). Per. He's old by [more commonly
byse] me (G.W.). Ayr. (J.F.') e.Lth. Archie was auld by me,
but a hale carle yit, HuNiERy. Inwick (1895) 74. Edb. He's rich
by me (J.M.); (J.G.) GalL (A.W.) n.Ir. No matter what he
says, he's nothing by them (A.J I.). Wm. He's a licker frae bi
me. Oor pig's nowt bi yon o' yours i^B.K.). n.Yks. Very common
(R.H.H.). ne.Yks. Hoo's them beeas' by yours? Occas. also
' Ah's an au'd woman fraby you ' (M.C.F.M.). e.Yks. (G.C.) ;
Faimer — ' Thoo's fair doon stupid ! ' Man — 'Thenkye; hoo's Ah
by you ? ' (R S.) w.Yks. My face is mucky, but it's clean through
by thine (S.K.C); Very common (M.f'.). Lan. (H.M.l, Stf.2
s.Not. Look at j'our work by mine, yer lazy thing! (J.P.K.)
Not.' He's a poor fool by his wife. e.Suf. Occas. used, but more
freq. 'again' (H.J.L.R.) ; Your head is big by mine (P\H.). w.Suf.
(C.G.B.), w.Sus. (E.ES.), Dor. (H.J.M.), e.Som. (G.S.) w.Som.
tlur z yuung bee yiie [i e. she is younger than you J. Ai'z taul
[tall] bee ai\ Elworthy Cram. (1877) 24. Cor .3
6. Resembling, like.
e.Suf. He has a face by a monkey (F.H.).
7. Together with, in company with.
e.Som. I'll go if you'll go by me. Come along by me (G.S.).
8. Of difference : from.
Sc. He kens na a B by a bull's foot, Ramsay Prov. (1737);
Gretein kend not gude be ill. Herd Sngs. (1776) I. 53. Sh.I. He
doesna ken right by wrang (K.I. ). Inv.fH.E.F.) Abd. Hedisna
ken the een [one] be the ither (W.M.). Per. (G.W.) Ayr.
(J.F.) e.Lth. Ninnyvites wha didna ken their richt ban' by their
left. Hunter/. Imviik (1895) 37. Gall. Common (A.W.). Kcb.
Misted souls in a dark night cannot know east by west, Ruther-
ford Lett. (1660) No. 123. n.Ir. (A.J.I.) Cum. You cudn't tell
ther toke by geese, Borrowdale Lett. (1787) 4, ed. 1866. Wm.
Ther necks an feeaces lile differant bi' sweeps. Spec. Dial. (1877)
pt. i. 27 ; Wm.' He didnt knaw em be ony odther thing. w.Yks.
(S.K.C.) e.Suf. His talk doesn't differ by an Essex man's.
"Your watch is different by mine [i.e. keeps different time] (F.H.).
Dor. (H.J.M.)
9. Against, to the detriment or injury of.
Gall. Not very common CA.VV.). Ir. I know nothing by that man,
Booker Obs. IVds, and Plir. (1859) 77. Wm. Ah'll say nowt bi
BY
[471]
BY
a man when he's away (B.K.). n.Yks. (I.W.i; (R.H.H.)
ne.Yks. (M.C.F.M.) w.Yks. Ah've done nowt by lliee (S.K C.) ;
w.Yks.' Lan. What have you done by that child ? (II. M.) Der.''
I know nothing by him. nw.Der.', s.Not. (J.P.K.) s.Wor. A
didn't sally nothin by (more commonly * agen') 'im (U.K.). Shr.*
'E's a tidy mon, sir, leastways I know nuthin'by 'im. s.Pem. The
gen. idiom. A did a nasty trick by the owl man his father
(W.M.M.). G:o.i I know no harm by him. e.Suf. What have
you done by the man that he is angry ? (F.H.) w.Cy.The wumun
axed un wat had a dun by hur, for she suffered agonies, HuntPo/).
Rom. w.Eiig. (1865I II. 80. Dor. I've nothing to say by him, he
was always very quiet (C.V.G.); (H.J.M.) w.Som.' Yiie nur
noa mae-un uul's kaa*n zai noa'urt buy ur [you nor no man else
can't say nothing against her]. nw.Dev. Occas. used (R. P.C.J.
Cor.3
10. Excepting, except ; beyond, omitting ; past.
Sc. Grizzy has naething frae me by twa pair o' new shoon ilka
year, Scott Guy M. (18151 xxxii ; There's just twa living by
xay%c\\.ib. Antiquary (18161 xxi. Sh.I. (K.I.) Abd. Mairryin'
yer minaister bye the maiden o' Clinkstyle, Ale.xander Johnny
Gibb (1871 xlix. Per. Naething's wrang wi' ye by the rheuma-
tisms. By Wednesday, I'm idle ilka nicht this week (G.W.).
Ayr. He will put nothing by you (J.F.). Edb. (J.G.) Gall. He
is by his usual [not in ordinary health 1 (A.W.). n Ir. By (more
freq. ' for-by ') me, he wouldn't sell it to any one (A.J.I. 1. Nhb.
Aa'll not let the hoose by (more commonly ' past ') ye (R.O.H.\
Wm. They selt t'sheep by him, and he was sair put aboot (B.K.).
n.Yks. He cou'd na see at he had any mak' or niander o' duds by
an au'd ragg'd soort ov a sark, Atkinson Moorl. Pariih (1891 1 55 ;
Not to sell it by him [i.e. not to anothcrl (I.W.). e.Suf. Nobody
at home by him. No clothes on by a shirt and trousers (F.H.J.
Dor. (H.J.M.)
11. In phr. to put or set by, to deprive of, to spoil one's
appetite for a meal ; to prevent or hinder from doing.
Sh.I. He was put by his dinner [with no ref. to time] (K.I.J.
Per. That ill-roasten beef pat me by my dinner (G.W.). Edb.
(J.M.), n.Ir. (A.J.I.) 'Wm. Ah was put bi mi dinner bi fashin wi
j'on sheep (B.K.) ; (T.E.) n.Yks. Very common. It put me by
me breekfast (R.H.H.). e.Ykf. (G C.) ; That coo deein's reglar
put me by my meals to-day (R.S.). w.Yks. (S.K.C.) n.Lin.
The bairns made such an a noise I was put by sayin' what I'd
gotten to tell her (E.P.). e.Suf. ! F.II.% Dor. (H.J.M.)
12. Out of ; in phr. by hiiiiscl(f, by his mind, distracted,
demented.
Abd. (J.G.) ; (W.M.) Per. Very common (G.W.). Rnf. He
noo was fairly by himscl', Barr Poems 1 1861 J 93. Ayr. Monie
a day was by liimsel, He was sae sairly frighted, Burks Halloween
(17851 St. 16. Edb. (J.M.J Dmb. I wad never be demented or
gang by my mind, Cross Disru/'lion (1844) ii. Gall. Common
(A.W.). n.Ir. i A.J.I.) Nhb.' The man's fairly bi his sel. • Past
his sel ' is the commoner form. Wm. Ah's varra near by misel wi'
t'tic (B.K.). n.Yks. By hizscl [dcrangedl, but blv hizsel [alone]
(I,W.>; Common (R.H.H. J. ne.Yks. Sha's fair by hersen
(M.C.F.M.1. w.Yks. (S.K.C.J, e.Suf. (F.H.J, Dor. (H.J. M.J, Cor.a
13. Beside, in addition to ; over and above, beyond.
A\so fig.
Sh.I. I never caa'd him by his name [said anything derogatory
of him] (K.I.V Or.I. (J.G.J Abd. Naething by the common
(W.M.\ Ayr. There was something by the common o' cousinship
atween them, Galt Entail 1,18231 Ixxiv. Edb. (J.M.) Gall.
Used with such words as expectation, hope, desire, imagination
{A.W.J. nir. It is by all that ever I heard (A.J. I.J. Nhb. It's
by common, aa can tell ye (R.O.H.J. Wm. They cod yan anudder
ivverything by ther awn neeams 1 B.K.) ; To call a person by his
name [i.e by another name (I.W.J. e.Suf. He's a bad fellow by
the common. Don't call him by his name (F.H.).
14. Comb. (1) Bybush, in ambush, in hiding; (2)
•common, out of the common, extraordinary; cf. by-
ordinary ; (3) — course, of course ; (4I -hap, by chance ;
as the case may be ; peradvcnture, perhaps : (5) -keease,
by chance; as the case may be; (6) — much, by a good
deal; (7) — now, a short time ago, just now: (8) — ought,
by any conceivable quantity; 19) —row, in order; (10)
— (goodl right s, properly; in justice; (11) —that, (a)
in a moment, immediately; (b) thereabouts; (12) —then,
by the time tliat ; (13I — this, by this time ; (14) -times,
sometimes, occasionally ; see Betimes; (15)— when, by
the time when ; (16) -whiles, now and then, at times.
(i)Ken.' I just stood bybusli and heard all tliey said. [Not
known to our correspondents.] (2) Sc. Ye do seem to be a chap by
common, Scott C<(_vj1/. (181 5J Ill.xxiii. Ayr. He's mair than well
cnoough, he's by-common, Galt Entail {1823) xxxiii. Slk. To hae
something by common on that occasion, Wilson Tales (1836) II.
24. Nhb.i (31 Ir. By coorse it is, Lever C. O'Malley (ed. 18801 xii.
Cor. I . , . got tended immedjunt, by coose, Forfar Poems (i&H^)
6. (4 J n.Yks.* w.Som.' Behap you mid-n be there, and then
what be I to do? Dhai oan lee'ust aewt bee-aap [perhaps they
will not last out], {51 n.Yks.2 (6J n.Yks.' There's nit eneugh by
mich. (71 Hmp. (J.R.W.' ; Hnip.' Dor. Surely, shepherd, I seed
}'ou blowing into a great flute by now at Casterbridge ? Hardy
Maiiciing Crowd (1C74J viii ; He be only gone back to's wark,
a little bit by now, Hare Vill. Street (1895J 97. Som. W. & J.
Gl. (1873J. w.Som.' Wur-z mee nai'v? aay-d u-gau't-n beenaew
[where is my knife? I had it just now]. Very common. (8)
n.Yks.' Gen. used after a comparative ; as. Better, Mair, Warse by
owght, &c. (9 n Lin.' He knaws th' naamcs o' all th' kings and
queens o' England by raw. (10) n.Yks. Yon chap owt ta 'ev ped
his rets bifur nu bireet (W.H."I. e.Yks. This job owt ti be decan
ti neet, bi reels, Nicholson FlkSp. (1889) ; e.Yks.' Tom owt tl
gan bl reets, MS. add. (T.H.) w.Yks. (W.H.), Chs.' s.Not. By
good rights Johnny 'd ought to a hed the property (J.P.K.) ;
Not.' U.Lin.' Tlicm two cloasis is mine by good reights, but
1 ha'n't nuinny to try it wi' him. Lei.' A should 'a bin 'ere afore
naow by good roights War.* You ought by rights to put them
seeds in now. 'E belongs the very cottage 'e pays rent for, by
rights ; War.3 Wor. (J.W.P.) Oxf.' MS. add. w.Som.' Dhai
ad-n u-gau't noa biiznees dhae-ur bee geod rait [in justice they
had no business to be there], (11, a) n.Lin. If th' Squire gets to
knaw you'll hev' a summons an' be up afore th' magistrates by that
(E.P.) ; n.Lin,' sw,Lin.' He gave three gasps, and was gone by
that, (6) Sur.' I'll be round at one o'clock or by that. (12)
s.Not. He'll have grown out of it, by then he's ten year old
(J,P.K.\ Not.', Lei.', War.*^ s.Wor. By then a'd got 'ome,
the t'others wuz gwon (U.K.), s.Oxf.; M.W.I e.Suf. I shall
have it finished by then he is ready for it (H.J.L. R,). Sus.
Bythen he wur old he had brass, Jackson Soul/iward Ho (1894)
I- 339; Sus.' (131 Wm.' It's ower be this. n.Yks. (I. W.),
w.Yks.' (14) Ant. (W.H.P. ) Lei.' A'd oony 'ad a drop or tew
moor nur a knood aow to carry awee loike, as a man mut do by
toimes. s.Wil. (C.V.G.) (15J n.Yks. J.W.) (16) Gall. By
whiles muttering and mumbling the words over to himself,
Crockett Grey Man (1896) 70, Shr.' By-w'iles they [owls] sin
a mouze an' they droppen on 'im (s. v. Owlert).
15. In phr. (i) By ab or by nab, by hook or by crook ;
(2) by cause of, because of; (3) lime by chance, occasionally;
(4) 6)' //;ef(J5/ «oo^, slightly touched in the head, 'cracked';
(5) by the hand, on hand ; (6) by hutch and stutch, by hook
or by crook ; (7) by to>ig and by late, some time or other,
in the long run ; (8) by the ordiiiar, out of the common ;
see By-ordinary ; [g] by scoiul o' brow, of work : done by
rule of thumb or by eye, without exact measurement ;
(10) by side and l>y seam, (11) by the way, in pretence,
feignedly.
(i) w.Yks. Ah mun finish to-neet by ab or by nab (J.T.). (2)
Lin. Couldn' I luvv thy muther by cause o' 'er munny laaid by?
Tennyson A'. Farmer, Neiv Style (18701 st. 9, (3J ne.Yks.' 35.
(4J Sc. Wowf— a wee bit by the East Nook or sae ; it's a common
case— the ae half of the warld thinks the tither daft, Scott Redg.
(1824J vii, (5J Lan. Aw've a quare job bi th' hont, aw con
tell yo. Wood Sh-tc/u-s, 5, (6J Chs.'^ (7J Dor. Do that and
you'll have him by-long and by-lnte, Hardy Greenwood Tree
(1^2) II. 125. Well known (H.JM.J. (SJ Frf. I diia kin am
onything by the ordinar, Barkie Lietit (1888) 161. [9J Yks. N.
(S-^ Q. (1885J 6th S. xii. 359, [Amer.A carpenter, having finished
a chair, remarked, 'There, that's a pretty good job, ben't it'
Made by no rule nor measure, but jest by scowl er brow,' ih. 309,]
(10) Dor, She hunted everywhere, ballyragging Jack by side and
by seam. Hardy Tess (1891) 172, ed, 1895. (ii'i Ir. Oonagh set
up a loud laugh, of great contempt, by-the way, Yeats Flli-Tales
(1888J 27s,
16. In oaths or expletives: (i) By the blest; (2) —the
blood ami wounds; (3) — cavers; (4I — Cock; (5) — the
crass o' Moses ; (6) — Crike; (71 — Crikey ; (8) — Dad;
(g) — Der; (10)— eye; (11) — the f raps; {12)— Gad;
(13)— Car; ii^j—'Ccll; (15) — Gf« ; {16) — Gens; (17)
— Cciv iGaow) ; (18) — the gins; (19) — Cock (Gok) ; (20)
— Cockers; (21) — Cocks; {22}— Goes; (23) — fJo/; (24)
— Colls ; {25) — Colly ; (26) - Com ; (27J — Commany ;
BY
[472]
BY(E
(28) byGommiiis; (29) —Gonnies; (30) —Gor; (31) —
Goramaity ; (32) — Goramassy ; (33) — Gomes ; (34) —
Gorsh ; (35) — Gosh ; (36) — Goshen ; (37) — Gow ; (38)
— the Gowky ; (39) — Gox ; (40) — Goy ; (41) — Gum ;
(42) — Glimmers ; (43) — G;y ; (44) — the ''aft and sides ;
(45) — //;' hairty mon ; (46) — the heart; (47) — th' hearlly
death ; (48) — the heartly gins ; (49) — the holy poker; (50)
—Jaiminie King; (si)—Jegs; (52)— Jen; (53) ~J'gg<^rs;
{54)-J'"g; (55) -J'"Ss; (5f>) -Mfcjmh'rs; (57)-
Jinks; {58}— Jobs; {S9}—Jol; {60) — the /aws ; (61) —
th' mack; (62) — th' mackins (niakkins) ; (63) — //;' maskiiis;
(64) — the mass; (65) — mass mas; (66) — (the) megs ;
(6-1) —t'meskins; {68} — (th') mess; {6g) — th' tiion ; (70)
— th'mons; {-ji) —the pipe; (-jz)— shots; {■]3} — me sowl ;
(74) — this and by that ; (75) — th' iminds.
(i) w.Yks.2 Obsol. (2) *. At Eyam this is pronounced as Bith
lud unz uns. (3) Nlib.' (4) Ess. I combed his head well for him,
I did by cock ! Baring-Gould Mehalah (1885) 84. (5) Ir. By the
crass o' Moses, I'll do it in style, Carleton Faitloyouglta (1848J
228. (6, 71 Nhb.' (8~i w.Ir. Oh, by dad, you must say more nor
that, Lover Leg. (1848) I. 9. (9) Stf.2 (10) NUb.i (11) w.Yks.
Pogmoor Olm. (1893) 51. (121 se.Wor.i Used more in the same
sense as' indeed ' : ' Ower Jack fund a shillin' this marnin'.' 'Did
a, be-gad.' (13) Dev. A cockney youth, by gar, thinks I, Pulman
Sketches (1853) 12. Cor. Grose (1790) MS. add. (P.) (14) Nhb.'
(15) Wm. (B.K.) (16) w.Yks. Banks m-fld. JVds. (18651. (17)
se.Wor.' (18) Der.2, nw.Der.i (19) Nhb.i Wm. By gock, I'll
be chokt, Jack Robison An/d Taales (1882) 4. m.Yks.i Lan.
Bigock, but aw have it neaw, Staton Looiiiinaiy (c. i86r) 34.
(20) Cum.3 57. (21) Nhb.l (22) n.Lin. ' By goes!' says man,
' that thowt nivercum'd i'to my head,' Peacock Tales and Rhymes
(1886) 65. (23) Cor. Grose (1790) MS. add. (P.) (24) Ken.
Grose (1790"). (25) N.I.i, Nhb.' w.Yks.= Often at the end of
a sentence, ' Luke here be golly ! ' and when so used, is always in-
dicative of surprise. Chs.i, s.Chs.*, w.Som.i (s.v. Oaths.) (26)
Wm. (B.K.), s.Clis.i,Stf.2,Nrf.(E.M.), Suf.(F.H.), Ess. (W.W.S.),
w.Som.i (27) N.I.» (28) s.Chs.l (29) N.I.', Stf.2 (30) w.Ir. By
gor, . . . that's impossible. Lover Leg. (1848) L 7. w.Som.i
(31, 32) w.Som.l (33) Sus. Holloway. (34) Shr.^ (35) Shr.^,
w.Som.i (36) Nhb.i (37) w.Yks. By gow! worn't ther a
malak i' t'mule-hoil,CuDWORTH Sfe/f/ifs (1884)14; w.Yks.^ (38)
Nhb.' (39) Nhb.', Wm. (B.K.) (40) Wm. (B.K.) w.Yks.
(S.P.U.) (41) Nhb.', w.Yks.s Lan. By gum, aw'll believe thee,
Clegg Davids Loom (1894) v. Chs.', Stf.^, Shr.'2, War.2,
Nrf. (E.M.), w.Som.' (42) w.Som.' (43) w.Yks.2 (44) Der.2,
nw.Der.' (45) Lan. By th' hairty mon, that theer eighteenpence
war soon ernt, New IVkly. (Jan. 19, 1895) 7, col. 2. (46) w.Yks.
(jE.B.) Lan. Bith heart ! this is a grand brew, 'Waugh Oivd
Cronies (1875) iv. (47) nw.Der.' (48J Der.=, nw.Der.' (49) Uls.
(M.B.-.S.) 150) N.I.' (sOw.Yks.s (52) w.Yks.' (53) Lei.' 203.
(54) Ayr. 'Willie lap, an' swoor by jing. Burns Halloween (1785I
St. 9. Nhb.', Cum. (J. A.) (551 Chs.', s.Chs.' Shr.' Used
chiefly by children to express approbation. Byjings! Surrey, lad,
yo'n copped that. (56, 571 Nhb.' (581 w.Som.' A very common
oath. (59) Cor. Grose (1790) MS. add. iP.) (60) Wxf. Be the
laws if you don't make more haste we'll give you a cobbing,
Kennedy Batiks Boio (1867)29. (61) Lan. By th' mack, hoo says,
thet's th' shop, Staton Looniiiiaiy.c. 1861) 5. (62) Lan. Harland
Wilsons (1865) 44. s.Chs.' (63) Lan. Bi th' maskins, aw wur
fain if aw cud get traycle to my porritch, Wo0D5fe/f//fs, 19 ; Lan.'
Neaw, byth maskins if I be naw fast, Tim Boubin Wks. (ed.
1750) Introd. 35. (64) w.Yks. Withaat ivver thinkin'— bith mass —
'At yor wearin' soa mitch off yor booit, Hartley Plenty o' Brass
(1868); w.Yks.2 Lan.' Bith mass, iv he'll let me, aw will, Waugh
Sngs. (1859) Ditle's t this Bonnet. e.Lan.' s.Lan. Bamford Dial.
(1850). Chs.' s.Chs.' Obs. nw.Der.' (65) Lan. Bi mass mas,
there's a greight tall chap. Wood Sketches, 20. (66) w.Yks. Bi
t'megs, bud it's time to be lewking rahnd t'corners, Cudworth
Sfo/f/ifS (1884; II ; w.Yks.5 (67) w.Yks.' (68) w.Yks.' 2 Lan.
Winnch forgi' meh then ?- Byth' miss well ch meay froth bothum
o' me crop, Tim Bobbin l-'inv Dial. (1746) 69. w.Lan. (B.K.)
Lei.' Olis. 203. (691 Lan. Eh ! bi th' mon, ther wur such row in
that hoile. Wood Sketches, 6; Lan.' Am aw to goo at this time o'
neet!— Ay, bith mon, inun tha'. (70) Lan. Bi'th mons aw hadn't
gone so far, Lahee Oivd Yem. 5. (71) Wxf. Oh, by the pipe !
down he began to sink, Kennedy Banks Boio (1867) 31. (72)
w.Yks. /,(■«/.« i/f/f. S///>/i/. (Jan. 23, 1892). (73) Nhb.' (74) w.Ir.
By this and that, I'll make you sorry. Lover Leg. (1848) \. 50.
(75) Lan. Bith' wunds, \Vliistlc-p;g, ov o' th' scheeams ot won has
hyeid on, Walker Phbcian Pul. (1792) 12, ed. 1801.
III. Of time.
1. Of point of time : at.
e.Suf. Be here by your time [i.e. at the time named for you]
(F. H.). nw.Dev. I don't know whe'er 'twas there by his time
(R.P.C.).
2. Beyond, past, after.
Sh.I. (K.I.), Or.I. (J.G.) Abd. Always emphatic. Is he by
his time ? — No, he said he wid be here be ten, an' it's nae langby
nine (W.M.). Per. What o'clock is it? — Five minutes by three
(G.W.). Ayr. (J.F.l, Edb. (J.IU.), Gall. (A.W.), s.Ir. (J.F.M.ff.)
Nhb. He was lang by the quarter day afore he could pay his rent
(R.O.H.). Wm. She's by her time a gay bit noo (B.K. ). n.Yks.
(I.W.) ; (R.H.H.) e.Yks. It's by eleven o'clock (G.C.). e.Suf.
You have gone by your time [have come late] (F.H.).
3. Of length of time : during, in the space of; over.
Nhb. Ye'U not be deun'd bi this year (R.O.H.). Not.' e.An.'
He took care to do it by his life-time, 154. e.Suf. I shan't get
through the job by this week. I stopped too long by my dinner.
He stayed here by a whole month (F.H.). Dor. (H.J.iM.) w.Som.'
Wut-n diie' ut bee dhee luyvtuym [thou wouldst not do it in the
space of thy lifetime]. nw.Dev. Seldom used, prob. only with
word 'Hfetime ' (R.P.C.). Cor.a
BY, conj. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der.
Not. Lin. War. Suf Sus. Wil. Dor. Cor. [Stressed form
bai, unstressed bi.]
1. By the time that.
Per. The schule'll be skailed by j'ou win till't (G.W.). Ayr.
(J.F.), Edb. (J.M.) Gall. In common use (A.W.). n.Ir. (A.J.I.)
Nhb. Ye'U think se bi y'or as aad as me (R.O.H.). Wm.
T'supper'llbereadybythoois(B.K ). n.Yks. (LW.) e.Yks. Sail
you be ready by Ah get my bonnet on ? (R.S.) ; You won't finish
by you die (G.C."1. w.Yks. Very common (M.F.) ; w.Yks.^ Lan.
(S.W.) s.Chs.' Bi ahy gy'et wom [home]. Stf.^ Der.' By he is
of age. s.Not. (J.P.K.), Not.' n.Lin.' I'll hev it ready by you
cum back. e.Lin. (J.C.W.), War.3 e.Suf. The house will be
built by the month is out (F.H.). sw.Sus. Common (G.A.W.).
Wil. (G.E.D.), Dor. (H.J.M.) Cor.3 I'll be there by you [are].
2. Nevertheless, yet.
Sc. Come weel, come woe, I carena by ; I am a king ! Poems
and Ballads, 399. Ayr. How we love and how we 'gree, I care
na by how few may see. Burns Whistle oivre the Lave o't ; (J.F.)
BY, int. Yks. [bai.] Used as a mild expletive.
w.Yks. By ! lad, tha'U cop it when thi fattlier gets to knaw
(J-T.).
BYACK, sb. S. & Ork.' A useless, good-for-nothing
person.
BY AS, see Bias.
BYAUCH, sb. Sc. Any small living creature.
S. & Ork.' Cai. A peerie byauch [a small child, a puny calf]
(Jam.).
BYD, see Bood.
BY(E, adj. and adv. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. [bai.J
1. adj. Of places: lonely, desolate; retired, away from
the main road.
Sc. In the forenoon they came into a bye fell, Scott Minstrelsy
(1802) II. 105, ed. 1848. Or.I. (J.G.) Lakel. A bye place,
Ellwood (1895). Wm. It's a by dowly auld hoose, an'maksyan's
teeth jadder ta gang in (B.K.). n.Yks. I' the clefts o' the rock in
the bye spots o' the stairs, Robinson IVhilby Sng. Sol. ( 18601 ii.
14; The house is down a bye land (R.H.H.). Wor. (W.B.) GIo.
It's a lonely road to Northwood, but Tranch Lane is a deal byer.
nw.Dev. Not common (R.P.C.). Cor.' Our house is rather bye;
Cor.2 ; Cor.3 Comparative form not known, but positive is used.
2. adv. Used with a prep, or adv. denoting place, to form
adv.phr., with tlie suggestion of proximity.
So. Huw yr ye aa doon-bye? Cum yn-bye an' gie's yeir craks
[come in this w,iy and tell us your news]. An oot-bye wurker
[an out-of-doors servant], Murray Dial. (1873 227; Gang in by,
and be a better bairn another time, Scott Midlotltian {i8i8) iv.
ShI. (K.I,), Inv. (H.E.F.) Abd. Inveetin' the coachman an'
gamekeeper up bye, Alexander Johnny Gibb (1871) xix ; E.\-
ceedingly common usage (W.M.). Per. Very commonly used with
up, doivn, in. out, owre. It is there or there by. Sit out by from
the fire (G.W. ); As for the fouks doon bye, ye can get naething
oot o' them, Ian Maclaren Auld Lang Syne (1895) 121. Fif.
They'll no keep her up-bye, Mkldrum Margredel (18^4) 147. Rnf.
Found them in an outbye stable, Webster Rhymes (1835) 182.
Ayr. (J.F.) ; The millman doon by has a dochter in .-ieivice.
BYiE
[473]
BYiE
Johnston Kilinallie (1891) I. 157. Lnk. The Hoose \\\ sic coii-
fusion, Hold their Parliament oot by, WARDKOpy. yl/n//»'so« (1881)
109. e.Lth. The pairty up by roun' t!»e hill-fits, Hunter J. Iitwi k
(1895I 136. Edb. (J.M.) Slk. Ye had better come in by, Hogg
Tales (1838^ 362, ed. 1866. Gall. (A.W.) n.Ir. Pnt that dog cut-
by. He is out-by feeding the cows (A. J. I.). Nhb. He hasn't much
tosay to them owerby. Ye'll find his shop just through by. When
ye come ti the church it's just up by i^R.O.H.) ; Nhb.' Inb^' is
further in, or inside; in a pit it is in from the shaft. Ootby isjust
outside, or in a pit it is the direction towards the shaft or exit.
Owerby is just across ; Backby just behind ; Upby is just up the
street or road ; and Doonby is just down the way. In all these,
close neighbourhood is suggested. Nhb., Dur. The ventilation had
not been damaged anj- further out-bie by the shock of the e.t plosion,
and encouraged them to hope that they might still be able to save
the lives of some of the people at the in-bie end of the horizontal
stone drift, Buddle Trans. Nat. His/. Soc. A'/ib. and Dm: (,1830)
I. 192. Wm. Ur ye yen o' the doon by priests [a clergyman
belonging to this locality]? (T.E.) Glo. I come down thur bye,
BucKMAN Daike' s Sojourn {iS^) x. nw.Dev. Where was a to,
then ? — Why, home by [close at hand]. The nest was home by
the gate-poss (R.P.C.). [See Home.]
3. Used redundantly with adi'. of place.
s.Wel. In the .Swaiisia valley and adjacent districts by is used
redundantly before /icre and there. Put it by here. I met him by
there [i e. at that very spot] (E.S.H.) ; In constant use. Come by
here .D.M.R.). s.Pem. I put'n up by there ;W.M,M.).
4. Past, gone by, finished, over.
Shi. (K.I.) Inv. Very common (H.E.F.\ Abd. Oor denner's
by (W.M."1. Frf. When the buryin' was bye, an' relations a' gane,
Laing lyaysit/e F/rs. (1846I 20. Per. The meeting was by before
ten o'clock iG.W.). Rnf. I wish it [her marriage] was just fairly
by, Barr Poetns {\66i) 130. Ayr. As soon's the clockin-time is
by. Burns To J. Rankine; (J F.) e.Lth. See ye come straucht
hame after it's by. Hunter/. Iiiiiick (legs) 166. Edb. (J.M.)
Gall. The days of curses are by with, Crockett Grey Man (1896)
85. n.Ir. fA J.I.) Nhb. When the new year's by we'll start fresh.
Wait till the rain's by (R.O.H.). Cum. For, lo, the winter is bye,
the rain is oweran' geane, Rayson Sng. Sol. (1859') ii. 11. Wm.
Ah wish it war by. Ah fair dreed it (B.K.). n.Yks. Very common
(R.H.H.X e.Yks. The winter is almost by (G.C.). n.Lin. Them
times is all by now E.P.). War.^ e.Suf. The shower is almost
by (F.H.). Wil. (G.E D.), Dor. (H.J.M.) Cor.^ That's all by.
5. Finished ofT, ' done for,' ruined, dead ; esp. in phr.
to be by wi/h it.
Sc. You're by with it, James More. You can never show your
face again. Stevenson Cnlriona (1892) x.xx ; The ancient old cliiefs
that are all by with it lang syne, 16. xii ; He's a' pains, an' he
has an unco like hoast. I doot he's by wi't this time, Swan Gales
0/ £■(/<■» 1895) xiv. Per. I'm sair by wi't (G.W.). Fif. I'm aboot
by wi't, that's the truth, Robertson Provost (1894) 173. Ayr.
When the dykes are broken you're bye, ye ken, — Ou ay, fairly bye,
Service Nnlandinns (i8go) 34. Edb. He's about by with it(J.G.).
Gall. (A.W.)
6. Aside, on one side ; out of the way; up.
Sc. Your bread's baken, j'e maj' hing by your girdle, Ramsay
Prov. (1737); They'll haikye up and settle ye bye, Scott Minslrelsv
(1802) HI. 127, cd. 1848. Sh.I.Standby, there! (K.I.) Per. Pack
by the eggs(G.W.). Ayr. fJ.F.) Lnk. [To adog:] Hist, awa bye.
Rover! Wardrop J. Malhison (1881) 9. Lth. Stand bye, and
let the wee things see, Eallantine Poems (1856) 31a. n.Ir.
(A.J.I.) Nhb. Come by! what are ye croodin' aboot like that
for? Hadaway by [get out of the way](R.O.H.). Cum. He wad
no'bbut shoot, ' Hy the', git away by,' as he does when he sends
him for the sheep, Richardson Talk (1886) 75 ; It slipt away by
and left us, Bonoudale Lett. (1787". n.Yks. Come by! A shepherd
sending out his dog round a flock cries ' gcr aw.iy by ' [i.e. get on
one side and turn them] (R.H.H.) ; (I.W.); n.Yks.' He's brass
encw for owght : he'd ex t'Queen t'coom by, if ivver she war in's
road (s.v. Brass^. e.Yks. Coom by, wi' ye ! (R.S ) w.Yks. (J.T.)
s.Not. Hang 'cm by (J.P.K.). Not.' War.^ Stand by and let me
have a try at it. s.Wor. Ston' by, 'ool 'ee? (H.K.) se.Wor. Get
by, out "of the road! (R.M.E.) e.Suf. (F.H.\ w.Sus. (E.E.S.)
sw.Sus. Stand by! Common (G.A.W.). Wil. (G.E.D.), Dor.
(H.J.M.), e Som. (G.S.), Cor.^
7. Back, back again.
n.Lln. In constant use. She lost it agean th" brigg, an' she
nivvcr could get it by agean. When he com'd by agean he'd grow'd
to be cicara man (E.P.) ; You mun let me 'eve it by agean (J.T.F.'.
8. Comb, (i) By(e-begit, an illegitimate child ; (2) -bill,
VOL. I.
a bill that is statute-run ; anything that is out of date ; (3)
•bit, an extra bit, a 'snack' of food ; (4) -blow, see -begit;
(5) -body, one who procrastinates ; (6) -bcotings (-bolt-
ings), the finest kind of bran ; (7) -chance, an accidental
or unexpected circumstance; (8) -chap, an illegitimate
son; (9) -child, (10) -come, see -begit; (iil -coming,
passing or coming by; (12I -courting, courting on the
s'y i (13) -dyke, a feeder or narrow stream for a mill-dam ;
(14) -end, a sinister end; a side issue; (15) -farm, sec
•tack; 116) -gang, (a) a byway; a\so fig. an underhand
proceeding; {b) in pi. bygones; (17) -ganging, (18) -going,
passing by; incidentally; (19) -help, an aid in reserve;
(20) -heppened, aided by things taking a fortunate turn;
(21) -hours, extra time, odd hours ; (22) -leap, sec -begit ;
(23) -let, a river island; see below; (24) -lope (-loup), see
-begit; (25) -market, an intermediate market ; (26) -near,
close by; almost; (27) -neuk, an out-of-the-waj- corner;
(28) -part, a secret place ; (29) -pass, an arrangement of
pipes and taps for lowering or raising gaslights, without
extinguishing them ; (30) -pit, a shaft sunk near the
engine-pit of a colliery ; (31) -place, see -neuk ; (32) -put,
(•pit), (a) a temporary substitute ; a pretence ; (b) a slight
repast between meals; (c) one who procrastinates; (33)
-putting (-pittin'l, procrastinating; (34) -set, (a) anything
set aside until wanted; (b) a channel or gutter across a
road ; (35) -spot, a lonely place ; (36) •stead, {a) an out-
of-the-way place ; (b) a byway, see below ; (c) a meadow
or enclosure of land ; (37) -table, a side-table or sideboard ;
(38) -tack (-tak(e), (a) a house or farm which is sublet ;
(b) a farm, on which the tenant does not reside, taken in
addition to a larger holding; (39) -tail, the right handle
of a plough, fastened to the 'shell-board'; (40) -time, see
-hours ; (41) -vore, a by-furrow in ploughing; see below;
(42) -wash, a weir or mill-race; a place by which excess
of water can run of}'; (43) -watch, a reserve, ' nest-egg';
(44) -way, a back entrance ; (45) -wipe, (a) an indirect
sarcasm, an insinuation ; (b) see -begit.
{1) n.Yks.^ (2~l n.Lin.' Some of the neighbours wanted to read
the Bible to her, but she said it was naught but a bj-e-bill, Thorpe
Siirv. of Kiiion-in-Lindsey (1616). (3) Sc, I had set that down for
a by bit between meals for m3'sell, Scott Bnde of Lam. (1819"; v.
(4) Cum.', n.Yks.=, Chs.', n.Lin.', War.s, Shr.'«, Hrf^ (5) Per.
(G.W.) (61 N.Cy.', Nhb.' (7) n.Yks.* Their coming was a
soort o' bychance. m.Yks.' (8) N.I.' (9^ s.Ir. (A.J.I.) I. Ma.
You'd be hearing of the by-child, it's like? Caine Man.xynan
(1895) pt. HI. xvi. s.Stf. PiNNOCK BIk. Cy. Ann. (i895\ (to)
e.Yks. R.S.) (11) e.Fif. I gcid a glower in at the hallan-winnock
\ the bye comin', Latto Tam Bodkin (1894) v. (12" Gall. Bitterly
did I regret I had done my by courtings so near home, Crockett
Giey Man (1896, 230. (13) w.Yks." (14) Sc. They are all for
by-ends, Stevenson Calnona (1892) xviii. (151 s.Wor. (H.K.)
( 16, a) n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.'^ We'll liae neea by-gangs an that mak o'
wark. m.Yks.' 1,6) n.Yks. I.ct by-gangs be by-gangs (T.S.).
(i7)Sc. Ye caredna to face the tenants where your beasts had
been taking a rugof their moorland grass in the by-ganging, Scorr
Rob Roy (1817) XXXV. (i8; Sc. King George came in for a few
digs in the by-going, Stevenson Calnona (1892) xvii. Abd. Ca'
on's freen's at Clinkstyle i' the byegaein, Alexander Johnny
Cibb (1871) xxxviii. (19I n.Yks.' (20) ib. All was varry mitch
by-heppcn'd. (21) n.Lin.', Nhp.', Hnt. (T.P.F,) (22) nw.Der.'
(23) Shr.' [Applied to] land between the natural course of a brook
and the mill-stream, or 'flem,' 'The second annual exhibition
[Bridgnorth Horticult. Soc] was held on the Bylct yesterday,'
Eddowes' Slirews. Jrn. (Sept. 9, 1874). Mtg. Bits of land on the
banks of the Severn, where osiers are grown for basket-making
(E.R.M.). (24) n.Yks.2, Der.«, nw.Der.' (25) w.Sus. (E.E.S.)
(26) n.Yks." (27) Per. Yc live in a by-ncuk o' the parish (G.W.).
(28) e.Dev. Yeuc, mai dove, that abaid'th in . . . Ih' bai-paarts o' th'
stairs, Pulman Sng. Sol. ( i860) ii. 14. (29) [Term used at railway
stations B,K.~l,] (30) w.Yks. Often the drawing pit by which the
coal is drawn iS.J.C.\ (31) ne.Lan.' [(K.)] (3a, a) Sc. (Jam.
Suf>f>l.\ Or.I.(J.G.\ Bnff.' Per. Nanc o' yer by-pits here ^G.W.).
(i) Sc. (Jam. 5/'///.) (c) Bnff.' (33) Bnff.' (34, a) Cum.'
(i) w.Yks.= 3Der.2, nw.Der.' (35) Cum. (J. P.) (36, o n.Yks." (A)
m.Yks.' Usually applied to a distinctively-featured byway, as one
which is paved, used by vehicles, or flanked at intcn'als by some
kind of structure, (fi Wm. We'll start ta mow t'byesteeds first
(B.K.X (37) Sc. Monthly Mag. (1798) H. 436 ; Scoticisms (i 787) la,
3P
BYE
[474]
BY-ORDINARY
(38, a) n.Lin.' Shr. His father had the farmhouse to hve in,
125. a week, the use of a cow, had two labourers under him,
and was responsible for the working of' the farm of 150 acres,
which was thus a 'by-tag farm' (K.B. ). Dev. It was a sort of
by- tack ; that is, a farm sublet by the tenant, Reports Provinc.
(1891). (61 n.Lin.' He hed th' clilf farm as a by-tak, he alus liv'd
beloa th' hill. w.Wor.', s.Wor. (H.K.) Shr. They madden up
thar minds to goo an live at a bytack a good way off, an' try an'
o'erget the bdOgies, BuRNE Flk-Lore (1883") vi ; Shr.' Theer'll be
a bundation o' housen to be 'ad, for one 'afe o' the farms bin let
bytack. Hrf. Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863^ ; Hrf.i 2 (39) Shr.' The
left handle is called the 'master-tail,' and is fastened to the foot of the
plough ; Shr.'^ (40) Sc. I've aye a book for by-time. At a by-time,
now and then, occasionally (Jam. Stippl.). Lan. They still met at
by-times, Waugh Tufts of Heather, 221. n.Lin.' He couldn't write
when he was thoty year ohd, bud he toht his sen at by-times. (41)
w.Som.' In ploughing a field, one half of the furrows are turned in
one direction, and the other in the opposite. A freshly-ploughed
field has the appearance of alternate strips of furrows, thus lying
in opposite directions. These strips meet alternately in a buy-
voaur and ' a all-vore ' — the former where the last furrow of one
is turned towards the first of the next strip; and the latter, when
these two are turned away from each other, leaving a trench
between. ' In gatherin, you know, they've a-got vor to make a
by-vore. and in drowin abroad they makes a all-vore.* Dev. Reports
ProMHf. (1884) 14. nw.Dev.i (42) n.Yks.(I.W.') w.Yks.i S.K.C.^.;
Also termed ' th' dam-stones' (J.T.). Lan. A^. & Q. (1852) ist
S. V. 250. (43) n.Yks. We'll seeave this for a by-watch (I.W.^.
(44) Wm. Ther's a bye-way ta t'public-house i,B.K.\ (45, a)
Cum. I mak' no doobt he thought it was a bye-wipe, Caine Hagar
(1887) III. 2. Wm.i Nin o thi by-wipes ! n.Yks.^, w.Yks.i,
n.Lin.' (6) n.Lin.'
9. In phr. (i) Bye atloiir, moreover; (2) to lay by, to
finish work ; (3) /o/i///rt/i«so;( 4>')'° '"'irrupt, disconcert,
put out.
(i) Ayr. Bye attour, my gutcher has A hich house and a laigh
ane. Burns Gat ye me. (2; w.Yks. (S.K.C.) ; Ah s'l lay by a bit
sooiner to-neet, as Ah want to get home (J.T.). (3) Lei. I forget
what I meant to say, you've put me by (CE.).
BYE, sb. Nhb.' The hne from which each player
first shoots in a game at marbles.
BYES, 5*. //. Som. [baiz.]
1. The corners and ends of a field which cannot be
reached by the plough, and must be dug by hand ; also
called bats (see Bat, sb} III. 3). w.Som.'
2. Furrows.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873-1.
BYEST, see Buist, sb.'^
BYET, sb. Nlib. In phr. to leave some byet, to leave
some work undone.
Niib. She's flaid te deeth aw've left some byet, Wilson Pitman's
Pay (1843) 9; 'Leaving some byet' means [that one] has not hewed
the number of corves ' placed ' him by the overman, ib. Note ; Nlib.'
BYE WELh, p/ir. n.Lin. The town well, or perennial
spring, at North Kelsey.
n.Lin. It is said that whoever drinks of it never wishes to leave
the place, N. & Q. (,1870) 4th S. vi. iii.
BYFLETE, sb. Chs. A piece of land cut olT by the
change of a river's course, which used to belong to
the other side.
Chs.' On this account, when a brook divides two people's
property, one frequently sees odd little corners which belong to
the owner at the other side of the water ; the land having changed
sides, but not ownership. The fencing of such detached little bits
often causes a good deal of trouble and annoyance ; each side
repudiates the work ; Chs.^
[By+yiete (ON./I/dt), a stream.]
BYG, see Big, v.^
BYGONE, sb. and adj. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Lan. Also
written -gane Sc. Nhb.' ; -geane Cum.
1. sb. The past, bygone days.
Kcb. I had seen all this in the bygone, Away in the other years,
Ar.mstro.vg Musings (1890 3.
2. In phr. in the by-gaiin, in passing, by the way;
incidentally.
Slk.Gied it a kick in the by-gaun,CHR. North A'o(r/fs(ed. 1856)11.
50. Ayr. Dannie merits mair from me than the mere mention of
his name in the bygaun. Service Dr. Dtigiiid (1887) 44 ; I would
slip roon the back way . . . and leuk after Robin in the byegaun, ib.
Notaiiduiits (1890) 19. Lnk. Every ane she sees she tells to ca'
on me in the bygaun, Eraser U'liaiips '^1895) xiii.
3. ppl. adj. Past, ago, gone by.
Sc. There has been a lusty good-looking kimmer of some forty
or bygane, Scott Nigel (1822') xiv ; A gude wheen years bygane,
ib. St. Ronan (1824 ii. Lth. What for need I make my mane, Sin'
thae auld times are lang byegane, Ballantine Poems (18561 139.
Slk. I ask ye gin Kate hasna been oot o' her bed for some nights
bygane, Hogg Tales (18381 2, ed. 1866. Nhb.' Cum. Now four
years are by-geane, red Robin, Sin furst thou com singin to me,
Anderson Ballads (i8o8j Redbrcest. Lan. Robbed fro' Scarsdale
lond a hunderd year byegone, Kay-Shuttleworth Scarsdale
(i860) II. 307.
[3. Mony years bygane, Stuart Joco-Ser. Disc. (1686)
36.]
BY-HAND(S, adj. and adv. Sc. Nhb.
1. adj. Casual, accidental ; devious, underhand.
Ayr. The merriment and jocularity that his wily by-hand ways
used to cause among his neighbours, Galt Provost 11822 1 xxiii ;
Pass me off as a by-hand job, ib. Sir A. JVylic (1822) xxxviii.
2. adv. Finished, settled ; aside.
Abd. The wark is feckly a' byehan', Gitidmatt Inglismaill \i6Ti)
27. Ayr. For the present, set the twa questions by hands, for
I've got dreadful news, Galt Sir A. IVyiie (1823) Ixiii. Nhb.'
BYKE, see Bike.
BYLE, sb. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan. Der. Not.
Lin. Lei. Nhp. Wor. Shr. Som. Written bile Nhb.' Dur.'
Cum.' n.Yks.' e.Yks.' w.Yks.^ e.Lan.' nw.Der.' s.Not.
n.Lin.' sw.Lin.' Lei.' Nhp.' Shr.' ; beighe Lan. ; bwile
Som. [bail.] A boil.
Ant. Balhmciia Obs. (1892V Nhb.', Dur.', Cnm.l, n.Yks.l
e.Yks. Bayn's getten a bile on his aj'm [arm] an can't cum ti skeeal,
Nicholson FlkSp. (18891; e.Yks.', w.Yks.'^ Lan. Lug me till
my yed wur as sore as a beighl, Staton Rivals ^1888) 5. e.Lan.',
nw.Der.' s.Not. He's gor a bile on the back of 'is neck (J.P.K.).
n.Lin.' To smart like a bile. sw.Lin.' There's another boy agate
with a gum-bile. Lei.', Nhp.', Wor. (J.W.P.), Shr.' Som.
Jennings Dial. w.Etig. \ 1869^
[Houndis camen, and lickiden hise bilis, Wyclif (1388)
Luke xvi. 21; Bile and blister, Cursor M. (c. 1300) 6011.
OE. byl.]
BYLEAKINS, see Byrlakin(s.
BYLEDDY, see Byrlady.
BY-LIKE, rni^y. w.Yks.* Same word as Belike, q. v.
BY-NAME, sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Lin.
Also Cor. Also written bye-name Sc. Cor. ; by-neamm
Cum.' ; bynaam Wm.' [bai'-nem, -neam.] A name other
than the principal or main one ; a sobriquet ; a nickname.
Sc. The inferior sort o' people, ye'll observe, are kend by sorts
o' bye-names some o' them, as Glaiket Christie, and the Dewke's
Gibbie, Scott Guy M. (1815) v ; Orig. the epithet to one's name,
which almost everyone had. . . . The by-name was an absolute
necessity in clans, fishing villages, &c., where there were many
persons of the same name. ... To the boys of my time these were
nicknames ; but to our parents and the older people the by-names
were simply distinctive (Jam. Siippl.). Or.I. (J.G.) Ayr. 'Jock
Regairdless' was the byename he got, Service A'o/(T;irf/(;;/5 ^ 1890)
13. N.Cy.', Nhb. (R.O.H.), Cum.', 'Wm. v^.K,', Wm.' n.Yks.
Trucky was his by-neeam (I.W.). ne.Yks.' In common use.
m.Yks.' Bynames, attaching to persons, are a feature of the manu-
facturing district, and esp. ofthe clothing villages. But the practice
of conferring bynames prevails more gett. in the rural localities.
The village is known by a byname ; the church, chapel, or meeting-
barn have their homely equivalents in such phrases as ' t'aud
hoose,' 't'aud pleace,' &c. w.Yks. (J.T.) ; w.Yks.^ Some names
are so common that it is almost necessary to have the bj'name.
Lan. Billy Alone, as some folk co'n him for a by-name, Waugh
Hermit Cobbler, i. Lin. (J.C.W.), nXin.', w.Cor.l M.A.C.)
[He got himself a by-name, and everie man called him
Epaminondas, Holi.and Plutarch's Morals (1603) 207.]
BYNE, sb. ? Obs. Cmb. Malt.
Cmb. [K.' ; Grose (1790) MS. add. (P.)
BY-ORDINARY, adj. and adv. Sc. Also in form
-ordinar, -or'ner ; see below.
1. adj. Extraordinary, out of the common. See By,
prep. II. 14 (2), 15 (8).
Sc. Ye hae paid her by-ordinar attention, Swan Aldersyde (ed.
1892) 234; Something by-ordinary maun have happened in the
BYOUS
[475]
BYRLEY-MAN
town, Whitehead Da/i Davie (i8j6) 211 ; They thought there was
something in it by ordinar, Scorr Reilg. (1824) Lett. xi. SI1.I.
(K.I.\ Or.I. ^J.G. ) Kcd. Scores o' things She notit as by-ordinar",
Grant Lays ^18841 4. Per. Very common (G.VV.) ; They hed a
byordinar' sermon frae the student, Ian Maclaken Autd Lang
Sy)ie (1895) 86. Rnf. By-or'ner looks o' comfort, Neilson Poems
(1877) 44. Ayr. There is nothing by ordinar' happening I'J.F.).
e.Lth. There was a by-ordinar congregation that day, Hunter
/. Iiiwick (,18951 70.
2. adv. Unusually, remarkably.
Sc. A by-ordinary bonny blink of morning sun on Arthur's Scat,
Stevenson Cahiotia (1892) xii. Arg. The kings of the land fairies
are by-ordinar big, Munro Pibroch (1896) 160. Fif. He puts them
whiles byordinar' weel, Robertson Piovost (1894') 129. Rnf. A
by-ordinar' good man, Gilmour Weavers (18761 i. Lnk. A decent
beggar's by-ordinar' guid company, Fraser iVhaiifis (1895^ xiii.
e.Lth. A by-ordinar healthy pairish. Hunter J. htwitk 1 1895) 159.
Gall. Unless a chance opens by-ordinar' sure, Crockett Raiders
(1894) xvii.
BYOUS, adj. and adv. Sc. Also written bias (Jam.).
[bai"3s.]
1. adj. Extraordinary, wonderful.
Sc. A byas life wi sic a man, sma' wonder she was dwynin', Roy
Horseman's U'd. (1895: xxxix. Abd. Man, ye' re a b^ous han' for
breedin fyke, Giiidman Inglismaill (1873) 30 ; Our faithfu' servant
Colonel Stuart . . . met nae bias courtesy. Si. Jo/iiisloiiii (1823) II.
276. nw.Abd. Is this you, in sic a byous day? Goodwi/e (1867)
St. 6. Per. iG.W.)
Hence Byouslie, adv. remarkablj', verj'. Cld., Lth.
(Jam.)
2. adv. Extraordinarily, wonderfully.
Abd. A b3'ous clever chiel, Alexander yo/ii/HV Gibb (1871) ix;
We had a byous weety time. Grant Lays (1884) i. Per. Very
common. Ye're byous lazy i^G.W.). Rnf. But was't no truly
byous strange. Young Pictures (1865) 24.
[By (prep.), more than, beyond -t- -o«s (adjl. suff.), as in
marvel/otis.]
BY-PAST, ppl. adj. and sb. Sc. Cum. Yks. Der. Also
Glo.(?)
1. ppl. adj. Past, bj'gone, gone by. Cf bygone.
Sc. These thirty years bypast, Scott Bride of Lam. (1819) v.
Gall. There were things by past that I was now sorry for, Crockett
Grey Man (1896) 18. Cum. It brings that that's by-past, and sets
it down here, Blamire Poet. Whs. (ed. 1842) Aiild Robin Forbes.
n.Yks.' e.Yks.'A/S. orfrf. (T.H.) m.Yks.' w.Yks.' It's some days
by-passed. Der.^, nw.Der.^ Glo. For many years bypast, Gissing
Both of this Parish (1889) I. 325.
2. sb. The time gone by ; in pi. bygones.
n.Yks.2 e.Yks.' Let by-pasts be by-past, MS. add. (T.H.)
[Haldin about a zere (year) bypast, Winzet Tractates
(1563), ed. Hewison, I. 56.]
BYRE, s6. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Not. Lei. Glo. (?) Also written byer N.Cy.'= Nhb.' Dur.'
Cum. n.Yks.*; byar N.Cy.' [bair, bar3(r).]
1. A cow-house.
Sc. Bring a kow to the hall, and she will to the byre again,
Ray Prov. (1678) 362 ; My barns, my byres, and my faulds, a' weil
fill'd, Scott Minstrelsy (1802) II. 79, ed. 1848; If the law canna
protect my barn and byre, I'A. Rob Roy (1817) xxvi. nw.Abd. To
lie ayont the byre. Goodwife (1867) st. 8. Frf. Fastened to stakes
in byres or feeding houses, Stephens Farm Bk. (ed. 1849)
I. 187 ; Not a barn or a byre in the district that had not its horse-
shoe over the door, Barrie LichI (1888) 54. Fif. Couches at night
with oxen in the byre, Tennant ^<is/ff (1812) xlv. Ayr. Ve'vc
trusted 'ministration To chaps, wha, in a barn or byre, Wad better
fiU'd their station Than courts yon day. Burns Dream (1786) st. 5;
One of our cows . . . fell in coming from the glebe to the byre, Galt
Ann. Parish (1821) xii. Lth. In the bj-re amangthekye. Slcepin'
soun' an' fast, S.M1th Merry Bridal (1866) 25. Gall. The cattle
starved in the byres, Crockett Bog-Myrtle (1895) 24. Ir. Unless
he takes the cows out of the byre or the bed from anundhcr us,
what in the wide earth is there for him ? Carleton Traits Peas.
(1843) I. 7. N.I.>, Dwn. (,C H.W.) Ldd. At dead of night, . . .
an elf will often enter the byre, and shoot a small sharp stone,
Hendee;sonF«'-Z.o;v(i879'i vi. Cav. M.S.M.) Wxf. The lowing
of cows was heard from the byre, Kennedy Banks Boro (1867)
305. N.Cy.'* Nhb. Aw so him stannin at th' lown end oh the
byer, Bewick Howdy (1850) 10 ; Nhb.' The mucking o' Geordie's
byre. Dur. We've gilten a grand new byre belt (J E. D.) ; To..'
e.Dur.' Keep the cows' bier clean. Cum. We've kye i' the byre,
Anderson /i(j//(i(/s (1808 51 ; T'spea'd in t'byre'sgettin' far worn,
RiGRY ;1//(/.sHi)i<H(rii89i; xiii ; Grose(i79o). Wni.&Cum.' lean
pleugh, sow, mow, muck a byre, 225. n.Yks.' *, ne. Yks.' e.Yks.
He gans inti byre An fills a awd hen wi sum wheels an sum wire,
Nicholson Flk-Sp. (18B9) 45. m.Yks.', w.Yks.* Lan. He fed an'
looked after his own cattle ; he cleaned his own byre, Wauch
ynHHOfA (1874) viii ; Lan.', n.Lan.', Not VV.H.S.), Lei.' Glo.
She listened breathlessly, and heard a cow low in the byre,
GissiNG ym. Hampden (1890) II. xiv.
2. Comp. (i) Byre-man, the man who attends to the
cattle on a farm ; 12) -time, time for bringing cows to the
byre ; (3) -woman, the woman who attends to the cows
on a farm.
(i) e.Lth. Ye stinkin brock o' an Irish byreman, Hunter J.
Inwiek ,1895) 237. Gall. (A.W."l, e Dur.' (2) Sc. 'Is Mistress
Cam'll awa', Susan ? ' ' Ay, it was byre-time,' Swan Gales 0/ Eden
(ed. 1895) ii. (3) Slk. Him that kissed our byre-woman, Hogg
Tales (1838; 26, ed. 1866.
[It was laied to his charge the drivyng of kine hem to
his father's byre, Bulleyn Dial. (1573I 4: A byre, cow-
house, boiiile, Levins Maiiip. (1570;. OE. byre (pi.),
' mapalia' (Corpus CI.).]
BYRLADY, iul. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf Der. Not. Lei.
Shr. Written birlady n.Yks. Der.* nw.Der.'; and in
forms bilady, belady Lan.; byleddy w.Yks.'** ; bileddy
s.Chs.'; beleddy w.Yks. Stf.' Der.' nw.Der.'; bediledda
w.Yks. ; bi t'leddy w.Yks.' Contr. of By our Lady, used
as a petty oath or expletive. See Byrlakin(s.
n.Yks. Birlady ! but my barne shall never be A battingstock for
her, thou's plainly see, Meriton Praise Ale (.1684) 1. 6ii ; Grose
(17901. w.Yks. Belledda! o'st not be surproized if there's a
plague it tahn afooar long, Bvwater Sheffield Dial, i' 18391 8;
Beledda, lad, O think thah's gcttcn a soft place e the toll-dish, 16,
Shevvild Ann. (1853) i ; Beleddy, dame, it's t'owd church bells,
Sesior Snnthy Rhymes (1882)37; w.Yks.'** Lan. Ay. bilady,
I remember him, Waugh Hennil Cobbler, iii. s.Lan. Bamford
Dial. (,1846) 17. Chs.' ; Chs.3 By leddy me ! s.Chs.' Ay, bileddy
con I, 65. Stf.'; Stf.* The form * by'r Lady' was heard occas,
in n. Stf. about sixty years ago. Boi ledi ei. oil put sort on yar
tilz [i. e. thrash you] wen oi kech ya ! Der. Grose (1790") ; Cassia
mun ha' hers, beleddy, mun she, Vernev Stone Edge ii868'; iii;
N. & Q. (1880) 6th S. i. 42 ; Der.*, nw.Der.' Not. Only used by
old people. Byrlady I you don't say so ! (L.C.M.) Lei.' OAs.
Shr.'
[By'r lady, I think it be so, Shaks. Much Ado, iii. iii. 89 ]
BYRLAKIN(S, /;;/. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf Der. Also in
forms byleakins Chs.*; bileakins Lan. ; beleakins Lan.'
Stf Der.* nw.Der.'; belakins w.Yks.* ; belakin Der.';
by laekin Chs.^ A contr. of By our Ladykiii, used as a
petty oath or expletive. See Byrlady.
w.Yks.* Lan. Grose (1790) ; By'r lakins, thinks aw, this'll do,
Harland Wilsons (1865) 45. n Lan. Bi leakins! au've meyde o
brast ont, Scholes Tint Gamwallle (1857) 47. Lan.*, Chs.'*^^
Stf.', Der.' 2, nw.Der.l
[By'r lakin, I can go no further, Shaks. Temp. in. iii. i.]
BYRLAW, sb. Obsol. Cum. Yks. Also written
byarlaw Cum.'; bierlaw, byerlaw w.Yks.*; byelaw
m.Yks.' w.Yks.*
1. A custom or law established in a township or village.
Cum.' w.Yks. Yks. N. & Q. (1888) II. 16.
2. A district having its own byrlaw court, or local law.
w.Yks. The .ibove li.c. Ecclesficld, Greno Firth, Southcy Soke,
Wadsley) are the four byer laws, or divisions of the parish,
and the four churchwardens used separately to collect in their
respective bj-er laws. A'. & Q. '1850) ist S. ii. 92 ; w.Yks.* The
parishes or townships of Ecclesficld, Rotherham, and Bradfield
are divided into bierlaws ; w.Yks.* The townships of Ecclesal and
Brightside are called byerlaws.
3. A parish meeting for overseers' business.
n.Yks. Bellman: O, yes! O yes! — this is to gi'c nOatidge !
Awe', aweay to t'bablaw, to t'Skfial-hoose, at seven o'clock
to-ncet, Robinson Dial. ni. Yks.
[Bj'rlaw or laws of burlaw (Icffes nisticoriiiii), laws made
by husbandmen concerning neighbourhood, to be kept
among themselves, Blount ( 1670J ; A byrclawc, agraria,
plcbisciliim, Cath. Aitgl. (1483).]
BYRLEY MAN, see Birlieman.
BYSACK
[476]
BYZEN
BYSACK, s6. Ohs.? Ken. A satchel, or small wallet.
Ken.i ; Ken.^ A kind of wallet, for a man to carry anything
from market in. [Not known to our correspondents.]
[By (as in by-iiame) + sack.]
BY'S(E, prep. Sc.
1. Compared with, in comparison with.
Abd. Little to be expeckit fae them, by'se fae the set of leernt
men, Ale.xander Johnny Gibb 1,1871) xviii. Per. He's old byse
me. In common use (G.W.).
2. Besides, in addition to.
Per. Three or four by's me l,G.W.).
[By (prep.) +-CS, advb. suff. ; cp. ME. agayits, under
Against.]
BYSEN, sb. Nhb. Dur. Cum. \Vm. Yks. Lan. Also
written bizon Nhb. Dur. N.Cy-' n.Yks.'' ; bisen Cum.
n.Yks.i ne.Yks.i ; bizen Nhb.' Cum. Lan. ; byzen Cum.
Lan.^ bison Nhb.' n.Yks.'^; bysonNhb.; byssonn.Yks.^;
barzon n.Yks.'^ m.Yks.' ; bazon n.Yks.== w.Yks. ; bizzen
Cum.' [baizsn, bi-zan.] A disgrace, shame ; a spectacle
of ridicule or contempt ; sometimes in phr. a shame and
a bysen. Also used athib.
N.Cy.' Nlib. The reck'ning, my saul ! was a bizon, Midford
Siigs. (1818) 69 ; Te get her husband a nick nyem, an' myek him
a holy byzin, Kedmin's Ann. (1869) 12 ; Nhb.' She's that dressed,
she's a fair bizen. 'And was I not a very wise one To gang and
make my-sel' a by-zon?' Stuart /ofo-Scr. ZJi'sc. (16861. ' A bison
sight.on Monday night. The worst that ere you saw,' Robson Bards
of Tyne (1849V Dur. She called him a bizon, Deiiham Tracts (ed.
1895) II. 5. Cum. 'Twas a shem and a byzen, Anderson Ballads
(1808) 63 ; The authors of a shame and a bizen like this, Linton
Lizzie Lorton (,1867) xxi ; Cum.' Wm.' Thou'll be a shem en
a bysen ! n.Yks.' Loo' ye ! Didst 'ce ivver see sike a mucky
bisen! 'What a "holy bisen" she be, for seear': spoken of
a tawdrily dressed female. The allusion prob. points to the
custom, practised within the memory of living men in some of our
Dales churches, of setting offenders against morality, supposed or
required to be penitents, arraj'ed in white sheets, on the stool of
repentance during the hours of Divine Service ; n.Yks.' A greedy
barzon. What a holy barzon ! ne.Yks.' Thoo mucky bahzen.
m.Yks.' A good to- (for-) nothing barzon. Lan. It'll be a sham
an a bizen if we connot find him a menseful bit of a dinner,
Waugh Januock (1872 1 ii ; Lan.i
[Cp. ON. bysii, a wonder, a portentous thing ; OE.
bvseii, an example.]
' BY-SHOT, sb. Sc. (Jam.) One who is set aside for
an old maid.
Sc. On Fastren's Een [Shrove Tuesday], bannocks [are] baked
of the eggs, which have been previously dropped into a glass
amongst water, for divining the weird of the individual to whom
each egg is appropriated ; she who undertakes to bake them,
whatever provocation she may receive, must remain speechless
during the whole operation. ' If she cannot restrain her loquacity,
she is in danger of bearing the reproach of a bj--shot,' Tarras
Poems (1804) 72 (note).
BYSPEL(L, sb. and adv. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Chs. Also written bispel N.Cy.'^; and in form byspelt
N.Cy.' Nhb.' ; -spale (Jam.).
1. sb. One who has become a byword for any remarkable
quality.
Rxb. He's just a byspale. He's nae byspel m.-.ir tl'.an me
(Jam.).
2. A mischievous person ; applied gcii. to youngsters ;
an awkward figure.
n.Cy. (K.); N Cy.' Nhb.' Obs. Cum. Thow byspell, thou!
(M.P. ) ; Cum.'; Cum.^ Tak' care o' my collar— thou byspel! I'll
shoot. 41. Wm.' w.Yks. WiLLAN iii/ /iWs. (1811).
3. An illegitimate child.
Rxb. (Jam.) n.Cy. Grose (1790); N.Cy.* w.Yks. Hutton
Tour to Catvs {i-]8i). Chs.'*^
4. adv. Exceedingly, remarkably.
Rxb. Byspel weel (.|am.).
[The word orig. meant a proverb or parable. Bigspel
signifies a by-word or proverb ; or (as it is used in the
North) By-spell, Blount (1670), s.v. Gospel; Her-bi men
segget a bi-spel (proverb). Owl Sr' N. (c. 1225) 127. OE.
(Nhb.) bispelt, a parable (Mail. xxi. 33).]
BYSSUM, see Besom, sb.'-
BYST(E, see Boist, 56.'
BYTHE, sb. Ken. The black spots on linen produced
by mildew. Cf abited. Ken.'
Hence Bythy, adj. spotted with mildew.
Ken.i When she took the cloth out it was all bvthy [bei'thi].
BY-THE-WIND, sb. Wil.' Clematis vilalba, wild
clematis or traveller's joy.
BY TOKEN, phr. Sc. Irel. Also written betoken, see
below. In phr. more by token, besides, moreover ; used
to introduce a confirmatory statement.
Sc. It's a bit o' the tenony hough, mair by token that yours,
Maggie, is out o' the back sey, Scott Bride of Lam. (1819)
xxxiv ; My auntie thought it very kind of the man, more by token
as he would carry her bundle and basket, Whitehead Ditft Daine
(1876) 215. Ir. More betoken, that cue pint of it was worth
a keg of this wash of yours, Carleton TraHs Peas. (1843) I. 10.
s.Ir. I knew the proud toss of Janaway's head, more betoken the
white coat of him makes him so noticeable, Lover Leg. (1848) II.
395.
BYTTE, sb. Obs. 'War. Won "A bottle or flagon.
War. Thoresby Lett. (1703). Wor. The leathern baggs in
which they formerly carried water from the Severn to particular
houses in the city of Worcester were called Byttes, and each
horse load of water was termed a bytte of water (K.).
[OE. byt, bytt.]
BYUN, see Aboon.
BYUNESS, see Bune-house.
BYV, see Biv.
BY-'WORD, .si. Sc. Irel. Wm. Stf. [bai'-ward, -wad.]
A proverb, proverbial saying ; a catch-word or phr. char-
acteristic of the user,
Arg. They say ... in the by-word, Munro Pibroch (1896) 117.
Ayr. It's an auld byword and true that delays are dangerous,
Galt Lairds (1826) xxxii. Gall. Ye ken what the auld byword
says, ' Set a caird on a cuisser an he'll ride to the Deevil,' Nichol-
son Hist. Tales (1843) 128. N.I.' Paddy Loughran seen a ghost
that had come to frighten him, but he only sayd, ' Ye're late,' an
with that the bye-word riz, ' Ye're late, as Paddy Loughran sayd
t'the ghost.' Wm. It's a bye-word o' his — ' it's a gay fine day like '
(B. K.). s.Stf. It's a honest byword as a roUin' stone gethers no
moss, Murray Rainbow Gold ;^i886) 78.
[OE. hl-word, proverb.]
BYZANT, see Besom, sb}
BYZEN, sec Bisson.
[477]
^.■^'if .1 u ■ ■^ P^^^' °'^ ''c'ile between hills.
Cn m,'. 1 ^'^\^^ of Lcad-na-bca-kach imtil you arrive at the
Ca (the slap or pass) of that hill, Statist. Ace. XVI. i68 (Jam.).
t-A, see Caw. '
CA', see Calf, Call.
CA^''^- ,^ lib.' Also written caw. A tin pail,
a roolf" ""■ '^""^" ''^^ ^•"^^•' "T" <^'"y ''•'e
I.W.I What bi'st caaun about like that vor ?
CAA, see Car.
CAA-, see Caw-.
CA(A, see Call.
CAAD, see Cold.
CAAKER, see Calker, Corker.
CAAL, 5*. Nhb Yks. Lan. Written call N.Cy.>
w.Yks.'; cawl e.Lan.' ■'
^Nht"H""'''""r°u ''■'',''■; "^^ °""'^' of water from a dam.
Nhb. He was fishin below the caall, and tumbled into the
7ntT "•'"''• ^^^<^ '''=° =» '^y-"-^=h 'and dam stones. Not in
common use. eXan.*^
2. Coiiip. (I) Call-back, the weir or dam put across
a river or stream to turn water to the mill ; (2) -head, the
top of a weir or dam crossing a stream
^ri A »^r' '*'"'•' Sometimes called a ' caa-back.' (2) ,S.
CAAM-, see Camb-.
CAAMERAL, see Cambrel.
CAAN, see Call.
to a^fifi,-5,i ^'■'- ^ '""'^ ''""'^ "^-^^ ^^ ' ^'"l^-
S. & Ork.i One of these, with a buoy-rope attached to it, is
ITmII 1° "" 'uYu^ ground-line, and at intermediate distances
small smkers, called bighters, are fixed to keep the line at the
rOM ^P 1° """f :""' ""! ^'"^"^ '"■'''■" '^'"■■■^'"g " '°° "Pi'i'y along.
[ON./-o//»-5fr;«», a boulder, round stone ; see Jakobsen '
CAAR, see Calf, Cower.
CAAR-, see Car-.
CAAS(E, see Cause.
CAASY, see Causey.
CAAT, see Can.
CAAW, see Cow.
CAAYVINS, see Cavings.
CAB, si.' and i;.> Bck. Som. Dev. Cor. [kaeb.l
a cold sweat.^^ """'' ' '""^"''"^ '^'''y- ''''''' °' '^'^'^'^y '
sufh^V/^hT" r" ^''^\ "" l'":; '•'"'^ * '° '"""^ «^^*y «"d not make
such a cabb,' Grose (1790) MS. add. I M.) w.Som.i U guurt kab
ver nht ^" f[^^'"''<= °f '^""f]- Dev. There's cabsawl aw^^er tbease
yerplate, Hewe-it Pf,,^. 5/. (1892); Dev.> Linen laid by moist
and rumpled .ssa.d to be 'all of a cab.' nw.Dev." Cor. Cabs and
rf^ellT^otl^'lsTLr-''''''-^"-^' ""- --^^'•^'y-oked
usedXo o"? wea'^he';'^- ''"'^' '"'''''''' ''"''y' •""^'^^ '
r.ZfT'^^^'AJl"''.^'''""^'^ propper kab'ee. Dev. 'A proper
cabby day. ' What do you mean by cabby, Dick 1 ' ' Well sir
1 reckon it be a zamzedy sorto' weather,' 7ff/.o,/s Proviiic. (i88o-> •
Dawntyu n.ver bring sich a beastly cabby theng tQ me again
Hewett Peas.Sp. (,892). s.Dev. The road's cruel cabby !f,e
the rain (,G.L.D.). Dev.l Cor." A cabby mess ; Cor.2
2. Anything slovenly or untidy. Cor.'
3. A clumsy person. Cor.^
VOL. I.
4. V. To clog with dirt, to soil by handlin*
way graise. nw.Dev.', Cor.'
Hence Cabbed, />//. adj. blotched, messy, soiled by
handling; sometimes with adv. 7/^ ^
Dev Cabbed like the glaze on inferior earthenware, Trans.
///!/. 6o(-. (1854) 84. Cor.2
^■^f'u^*/- ?°''-' tkaeb.] A horny gall on the hand
caused by friction. Cf. cabarouse. sb
CAB. sb.^ Sus. [kffib.] A small number of persons
See''cabar5l '" Performance of some undertaking.
Sus. Rarely heard (E.E.S.); Holloway; Sus.'
ba ' ^''' ^"^^ ^'''"°' '•'^^^■^ '^° P'""''''- ^'^'' ^^•'•
Leeberal votes, Hcnter /. Inwici (,895) 1.5. Slang. Among
schoolboys : to pilfer, to use a ' crib ' (Farmer)
CABAGGED #/.«,;>: Cor. Also in form cabagfgiled
Cor.' 2 Covered with mud or dust, dirty. See Cabbled
Cor.' ; Cor.2 (s. v. Cabbed, Reddened ) v^auuieu.
CABAJEEN,s6 Obs. Yks. A cloak with a hood to
It, lormerly worn by women.
n/yks.i ; n.Yks.2 Worn more than a centurj^ago.
II he same as lit. E. capuchm(e, a cloak and hood, made
like the dress of a capuchin friar. With bonnet blue
and capuchine. Gray Long Slory (c. 1771). Picard dial.
capuchm Yr. ca fluent, a friar of the order of St. Francis
a capuchin (Littre).] .cianLis,
CABAL, sb and j^. Sc. Wm. Yks. Not. Nhp. War.
Hnt. Cor. Also in form cabbie Bnfl.' [kabal, kabffii 1
1. sb. A group of people met together for gossip: some-
times a party of drinkers. Cfcab, si.3
Slk. To keep cabals o' drinkers in my house, Hogg Talcs f i8^81
?h.°'l"i K ,■ ^,N°':. There wor Jane, an' Hoppy, an' Sal, an'
the hull cabal on cm r the lane (J. P. K.).
Hence Caballing, vbl. sb. gossiping, chattcrino-
w Yks. They hevvant time ta clean em (or caballin an traypesin
abaht, PofH/oorOAx. (189O 13.
2. A great noise of talking, &c.
Wm. T'ducks, an' hens, an' geese mak a rcg'lar cabal at tTauld
\yhen they want sarrain'. They war makkin' a fine auld cabal at
t pubhc-hoose last nect (E.K.). Nhp.' Wh.it a cabal you're
making. War^ Hnt. (T. P. F. 1 w.Cor. What a cabal I I can't hear
myself speak (M.A.C.). Cor .3
3. A violent dispute.
Bnff.' Faht's a' the cabbie aboot ?
4. V. To quarrel, dispute, find fault with.
Bnff.i Ye needna cabbie aboot it wee 'im. He's eye cabblin' at
the puir bit thing o' a lassie aboot faht she canna help.
Hence (i) Cabblan, vbl. sb. dispute, quarrelling; (2)
Cabblin, ppl. adj. querulous, troublesome.
Bnff.' They're keepin' an unco cabblan aboot that thing. He's
a cabblin' bodie.
[1. A cabal (private confedcracj'). coiiciliabulimt, Coles
(1679). Fr. cabali; a secret assembly of intriguers ; see
Littre.]
CABAROUSE, 5A. Cor.» A gall, 'callous,' thickening
or hardening of the skin. Cf cab, sb^
CABAROUSE, v. Cor.'» Seaman's term: to pull
altogether at a rope with shouting and sin"inff.
CABBACK, see Kebbuck.
3Q
CABBAGE
[478]
CACK
CABBAGE, sli} Sc. n.Cy. Yks. Lan. CIis. Not. Lin.
Also written cabbish Yks.; cabbitch Chs.^; kabbige
Lan. [ka'bid^.]
1. In phr. (1) Bacon o' one side an' cabbage o' Hi iiHicr,
said of exceedingly fine cabbages ; (2) green as a yelloiv
cabbage, said of one who assumes ignorance or innocence ;
(3) to run alt day on a cabbage-leaf, to be a poor runner.
(i) n.Liii.' (2) e.Yks. As green as a yalla cabbish, Nicholson
Fll!-St. (1889) 19. (3) Not.2
2. Tile head. ne.Lan.^
3. Coinp. (1) Cabbage-daisy, the globe-flower, Trollins
europaeus ; (2) -fauld, a place where cabbages grow ; (3^
•head, a simpleton, blockhead ; (4) -looking, silly-looking.
(i| Sc. The Lucken Govvan, or Cabbage Daisy of the Scots,
TwEDDELL Hist. Ctcvel. ( 1873) 39. (2) n.Cy. Border Gl. {Coll.
L.L.B.) (3) s.Chs.' Ky'aabijyed. n.Lin.^ I niver heard o' sich
an' a cabbage head in all my life. (4') Lan. We're not so green as
we're kabbige lookin', tha knows, New Wkly. (Jan. 12, 1895) 7.
CABBAGE, sb.'^ and v. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Lin. War. Brks. Sur. Dev. Cor. Slang. Also in form
cabbish Nhb. Yks. ; kabish n.Yks. [kabidg, kae'bidg.]
1. sb. Shreds of cloth cut off by tailors in cutting out
clothes, and appropriated by them ; also larger pieces
purloined.
Dur.i nYks. Av hiard it sed at teliars laik kabish (W. H.).
Lan. Had the tailor appropriated another inch of cabbage,-
Briekley Red Wind. (i868j 41. War.^ ' The tailor seems to be
getting very stout on cabbage ' is an unfailing joke with the rustic.
2. V. To appropriate surreptitiously, to pilfer, rob.
Abd. I'll nae think shame to say Ye cabbaged maist an ell,
Cock Simple Strains (181QI II. 133. Ayr. It's an honest calling
a tailor's, and I ne'er heard it said that ye were gien to cabbaging,
Galt Sir a. Jl'v/ie (1823) xi. Nhb. The t^'elyers cabbish n3'en te-
da3^, Wilson Dicky's ^^§'(1843") 81. n.Yks. Hiz nivar putan ol dhat
kliath i dhat kfiat, hll av kabish't a bit (W.H.). s.Clis.' n.Lin.i
Used of petty thefts only. War.^ Where did you get those
turnips from for your rabbits? — I cabbaged them. Brks.' I zin
a lot o' apples laa^-in' unner a tree an' zo cabbaged this yer un.
Sur. A dishonest relieving officer is said to have cabbaged the
poor widows (T.S.C). Dev. A farmer's wife once asked a dress-
maker, 'How much of this dress material have yti cabbaged?
I'm sartin there idden vowerteen yards in thease scrimpy little
tail,' Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892). Cor.^ Slang. If I cabbage that
ring to-night I shall be all the richer to-morrow, A'. & Q. (1882)
6th S. vi. 210.
3. Schoolboy slang : to copy.
■w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Siippl. (Nov. 8, 1884'). F.Chs.l Dhaa^t evur
lahykli gy'et dhi siimz reyt, au'viz ky'aab ijin of dhem uz noa'n
befur til dhisel [Tha't ever likely get thy sums reight, auvays
cabbagin' off them as known better till thysel]. Slang. Farmer.
[1. Cabbage, whatever is purloined by taylors and
mantua-women from the garments they are to make up,
Bailey (1755). 2. Your tailor, instead of shreds, cabbages
whole j'ards of cloth, Arbuthnot Hist. John Bull (i'] 12)
pt. i. X (Farmer).]
CABBIE, s6. Obs. Sc. A sort of box, made of laths,
which claps close to a horse's side, narrow at the top, so
as to prevent the grain in it from being spilled.
Sth. The other implements of husbandry are harrows, ■ . .
mattocks, cabbies. Statist. Ace. (iT^s) XVI. 187 (Jam.).
CABBISH, CABBITCH, see Cabbage.
CABBLED, ppl. adj. Cor. [kasbld.] Dirty, soiled by
handling. Sec Cab, sb.^, Cabagged.
Cor. (J.W.); (M.A.C.^; Cor.^
CABE, V. Cor. [keb.] To steal fish from the nets
or the carts which carry them to the curing cellars. Cf
cab, v.^
Cor.3 A term applied to the offence of children at St. Ives in the
pilchard season.
CABER, sb. Sc. Also written cabar, kabar, kebar,
kebbre. A pole, gen. of a young fir-tree ; a rafter, beam ;
csp. as used in the Highland game of 'tossing the caber.'
Sc. They frae a barn a kabar raught, Ane mounted wi' a bang,
Ramsay Poems 'cd. 1800) I. 278 (Jam.) ; I'll gang to thebougarsof
the house, and tak' a caber and reesle your riggin wi't, N. & Q.
(1880) 6th S. i. 496. n.Sc. Curls of peet reek coiled from the
floor among the cabars, Mvsro PiOroc/i '^1896) lor. Inv. (H.E.F.)
Ayr, The kebars sheuk Aboon the chorus roar. Burns Jot/y
Beggars (1785) st. 8. Lnk. The thack was a' aff't. an' the cabers
were bare, Thomson Musings (1881) 18. Gall. I could toss the
caber with any man, Crockett Cleg Kelly (1896) 201.
[Gael, cabar, a rafter, cogn. w. Fr. chevron (Macbain).]
CABESTA, sb. Cor. Also written cobesta Cor.'^
The space between the hook and lead in a fishing-line.
Cor. BoTTERELL Trad. (1870) Gi. ; Cor.' Used by the Mouse-
hole fishermen ; Cor.^
CAB-HOLE, sb. Yks. [ka'b-oU.] A receptacle for
rubbish.
n.Yks. Used of a deep hole in a wood or embankment (R,H.H.\
w.Yks.^ ' An' a bonny cab-hoil it wor,' says a woman, alluding to
the dirty state of things in a neighbour's house, where she had
been visiting at.
CABICAL, see Capical.
CABIN, sb. In gen. dial, use in Eng. A small hut or
shelter used by workmen. Cf. bothie.
Nhb.^ Where aall the twisty, twiney, bad-tempered aad beggors
comes frev 'at gets putten inti cabins beats me ! Geordys Last.
Nhb., Dur. Overman's, keeker's, or token cabin, Nicholson Coal
Tr. Gl. (1888). w.Yks. Huts used by the lead miners, Lucas
Sliid. Niddeidale (c. 1882) Gl. n.Stf. A small hut found on every
pit bank, and used for shelter or warmth by colliers (J.T. ). Glo.
Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.) [Houses in which signalmen are
located and which contain signal and block telegraph apparatus,
levers for working the points, Gl. Lab. {1894).]
[Giirgustiiiin, a cabin, a cottage, Cooper (1565). Fr.
cabane, a shed, or cabine, made of boughs (Cotgr.).]
CABIN, V. nw.Der.i [ka bin.] To blindfold.
CABISON, sA. Nhb.i Also written cabbishin, kabbi-
shin. A sort of nose-band, either of iron, leather, or wood,
used in breaking in a horse.
[Cavc(on, a cavachine, or cavasson for a horse's nose,
Cotgr. ; Cavezzoiie. a cavezan, a false rein, Florio. Cp.
Sp. cabe^on, a neck-band (Minsheu).]
CABLE, sb. Nhb.' n.Lin.' A long, narrow strip of
ground in an open field.
[The same word as lit. E. cable, a thick rope.]
CABLE, see Capel.
CABOBBLE, v. e.An. Cor. [ksbo'bl.] To mystify,
puzzle, confuse.
Nrf.i Suf.i Why yow wholly cabobble me. se.Cor. T'ull niver
do for ee to try to cabobble Uncle Zibidee ! Parr Adam and Eve
(1880IXX. Cor. 2
CABGOLEN-STONE, sb. Cor. A stone suspended
from a rope, and kept continually plunging, in order to
scare pilchards when in the net, and prevent them from
escaping. See Minnies.
Cor.i The caboolen-stone is continually thrown into the sea,
a piece of rope being attached to it, until the seine can be drawn
so close together that the fish can be dipped up in baskets ; Cor.'^
CABROCH, sb. and adj. Sc. Written cabrach Bnff.';
cabbrach, kebrach, kebruch. Also in form kebritch.
1. sb. Very lean meat, meat unfit for use. See Skee-
broch.
Sc. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) Fif., Ltli., Rxb. (Jam.)
2. A person of disagreeable temper and manners; a big,
uncouth, greedy person.
Bnff. An ill-fart cabroch o' a chiel cam to the door seekin a
licht tin's pipe, Gregor in Notes to Dunbar, III. 49 ; Bnff.'
3. adj. Lean, rapacious.
Abd. Ye'll see the town intill a bonny steer. For they're a thrawn
and root-hewn cabrach pack, Ross Helenore (1768) 99, ed. 1812.
4. Conip. Cabrach-sweetie, a box on the ear.
Abd. I'll gie ye a cabrach sweetie o' the lug (^G.W.).
CACHE, see Cadge, v?
CA.CK,s6.' Cmb. Hmp. Written kack Hmp.' [kak.]
A child's boot or shoe below a certain size.
Cmb.' I've been doing nothing this last week but make a lot of
cacks. Hmp. (J.R.W.); Hmp.'
Hence Kack-making, vbl. sb. making children's boots
and shoes. Hmp. (J.R.W.) ; Hmp.'
CACK, t;.' Chs. fkak.] To cackle, chatter; to boast.
See Cackle, Cake, v.^
Chs.' Oi've no patience wi that Ann Smith, 00 does nowt bur
cack abite their Tunimus.
CACK
[479]
CADDIE
CACK, vP^ and sb? Sc. Diir. VVm. Yks. Lan. Der. Not.
Lin. Nhp. Suf. Ken. Som. Dev. Cor. Also in form cac
Nlip.>; cag-n.Yks. ; kach Bnff.' ; kack Der.* nw.Der.' ;
kacky Sc. (Jam.) ; kak Cor. ; kich Bnfl'.' [kak, keek.]
1. V. To void excrement, used esp. of children.
Sc. She cackied Jock for a' his pride. Herd Coll. (1776) II. 90
(Jam.). Bnff.i, N.Cy.i, Dur.» Yks. T'lad was right flayed and
cacked hisscn (H.W.). n.Yks. (I.W.) ; (W.H.>; n.Yks.^
e.Yks.' MS. add. (,T.H.) e.Lan.', Der.2, nw.Der.l, s.Not. J.P.K.),
n.Liii.i, Suf.', Ken. iK.\ w.Soin.'
2. sb. Human excrement, dung.
Sc. (Jam.>, Bnff.i, N.Cy.i, Wm. iB.K.\ n.Yks.3 e.Yks.> MS
add. (T.H.) s.Not. (J.P.K.), n.Lin.i, Nhp.^, Suf.l, w.Sora.'
3. Comp. (1) Cag-mire, (2) Cakka-manah, human dung.
(i) n.Yks. Ah've step"d i' some cagmire (I.W.). (2) Cor.*
4. ' Muck,' anything very soft.
Cor. But granfer, you must be as soft as kak, Cornwall
Twice Rescued, 83 ; Common (M.A.C.).
Hence Cacky, adj. soft, flabby, not firm, over-fal
nw.Dev.' The ae-uth's all cacky ; it clib'th to my boots lik daw
[dough]. Cot? You're awfully cackej', j'ou sweat at once when
you begin work.
[1. Cakkyn, cam, Prompt. ; cp. G. kackoi.]
CACKiER, see Keckfer.
CACK-HANDED, see Keckhanded.
CACKLE, V. and sb. Irel. Yks. Lan. Chs Lin. Nhp.
War. Wor. Mid. Suf. Wil. Som. Also in form cacka
Chs.' s.Chs.' ; cacko Chs.^ [ka kl, kse-kl.]
1. V. To chatter, gossip, talk loudly or foolishly. In gen.
colloq. use.
■w.Yks. CuDWORTH Hoiioii (1886) Gl. \ Whativvtr are ta cack-
lin abaht? Satinlerer's Satchel (1880I 49. Lan. (S.W.) Chs.i ;
Chs.3 Oo cackos like a nowd hen. s.Chs.' Lisn ut dhaat' wiim'un
ky'aakuin dheeur [listen at that woman cacka-in' theer]. s.Wor.
(H.K.) Mid. I ain't a chap to cackle, and I ain't above doing a job
of work now and again, Dy. Telegraph (April 8, 1896) 6, col. i.
Suf.' When ye lah an egg, tho' ta be a' gowd, don't cackle.
Hence Cackling, vbl. sb. chattering, gabbling, tale-
bearing. Used chiefly of women.
n.Lin.', Nhp.* War.^ What a cackling those women are making.
2. To Stutter, speak indistinctly.
ne.-Wor. (J.W.P.) s.Wor. Common (H.K.).
Hence Cackling, ppl. adj. stuttering, stammering.
s.Wor. A be a cacklin' sart ov a bloke, a doan't sim to sahy 'olf
a dozen words strahight-forrard like (H.K.).
3. sb. Loud, foolish talk, noisy gossip or chatter.
w.Yks. (J.R.R.); Leeds Merc. Suppl. (May 9, 1885I 8. Lan.
(S.W."), Chs.3 s.Chs.' Wunlyu shiit yur ky'aak-1 ? [Wun y6 shut
yur cackle?] War. (J.R.W.) Wil. Slow CI. (1892}. Som.
SwiETMAN Wincanton Gl. (1885).
4. A concealed laugh. N.L' See Keckle, sb.
CACKLE-STOMACHED, adj. Wor. Also in form
keckle- s.Wor. Having a stomach easily disgusted,
squeamish ; over-particular. See Keckle, adj.
Wor. (W.B.), ne.Wor. (J.W.P.) s.Wor. 'Kr be middlin', 'er's
'mos' ready to be a bit cackle-stomached (^H.K.).
CACK-MAG, see Cag-mag.
CACKO, see Cackle.
CACORNE, see Keeker.
CAD, s6.' Lin. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Ken. Slang, [kad,
kaed.] A journeyman shoemaker, butcher, or bricklayer ;
an odd man, messenger. See Caddie.
Lin. Grooms, and all the tag-rag and bobtail hanging round
stables and inn-yards, were always called 'cads,' A'. & Q. (1876)
5th S. V. 355. s.Wor. When I w-as a butcher's cad (H.K.>. Shr.,
Hrf. The word is used for one who runs about for anyone, Bound
/'/oy. (1876). Ken.(P.M.); Ken.' His uncle, the shoemaker's cad.
Slang. If he runs short of bricks, he cries out to his ' cad ' for
' Dublin tricks,' Barrett Life aiitoiig A'avi'ies (1884) 41 ; Farmer.
CAD, sb.^ e.An. Sus. Som. [kaed.] The youngest
and smallest of a family of any kind, esp. pigs ; also
in pi. the small potatoes of a crop.
Cmb. ' Mornin', master, how do yar 'taters tu'n out?' 'Well!
bor, nothin' to crake on ; they might be better, only there's so
many cads among 'em,' N. &Q. (1876) 5th S. v. 355. Suf. (C.T.)
Ess. You call 'em [pigs] Harries, we call 'em cads at my home
(G.H.G.); Ess,' 'Fling out the cad, and I'll hev'm,' says the
jobber.
Hence (i) Cadma, sb. the smallest pig of a litter; (2)
Cadman, sb. the smallest one of a family ; (3) Cadpig, sb.,
see Cadma.
(i) s.Cy. Ray ('1691); GROse (1790). Sus. Cadme (K). (2)
Som. Sweetman IViiieanlon Gl. (1885V [The words cadma and
whinnock occur in the sense of a ' reckling,' A'. & Q. (,1856} 2nd
S. i. i8r.] (3) e.An.'
CAD, sb.^ Lin. Also written kad n.Lin.' [kad.]
1. Carrion, ofial, bad meat. See Ket.
Liu. They dealt in animals only fit for cad, N. & Q. (1876) sth
S- ^'- 355 ; Lin.' n.Lin. Sutton IVds. 1 1881 ) ; n.Lin.', sw.Lin.'
2. Conip. (i) Cad-broth, broth made from bad meat ; (2)
-butcher, one who deals in unwholesome meat or carrion;
(3) -crow, the carrion-crow; (4) -house, a place where
carcasses are boiled down.
(i) sw.Lin.' They've g'en me some cad-broth from the kennels.
f2) n.Lin.' (3) Lin. Stre.\tfeild Lin. and Danes (1884) 220;
Lin.', n.Lin.', sw.Lin.' (4) sw.Lin.' You can smell that cad-house
haef way down the laen.
[Da. kj(fid, flesh, meat.]
CAD, sb.* Der. Lei.
1. The bridle of a cart-horse. Der.*, nw.Der.*
2. A horse's blinker. Lei.'
CAD, sb.^ Lan. [kad.] App. the same game as
Bandy-cat, q.v.
Lan. Thornuer Hist. Blackpool {iS^iT) 9"; Harland& Wilkin-
son Flk-Lore (1867) 255.
CAD, V. s.Chs.' To bid at a public auction.
CAD, see Cade.
CADALE-HEMP, sb. Obs. Hrt. A kind of hemp
from Russia.
Hrt. Ellis Mod. Htisb. (1750) V. iii.
CADAR, see Cader.
CAD-BAIT, sb. Cum. Yks. Wor. Som. Written cod.
Cum. w.Yks.' Also in form cad-boit w.Som.' The
caddis-worm, the larva of the stone-fly.
Cum. (E.W.P.), w.Yks.', w.Wor.' w.Som.' Kad-bauyt, more
commonly called eo'd-kaar*3'ur [wood-carrier].
[Cad bait is a worm bred under stones in a shallow
river, Lauson Cotiiin. on Angling (1653), in Arber's Eng.
Garner, \. 194. For form cad-boit, see Beit, si.*j
CADDAS, see Caddis, sA.'
CADDEL, s6.' Obs. Sc. Caudle, a warm drink.
Sc. Ye maunna fail To feast me with caddels And good hacket-
kail, Ramsay Tea-Table Misc. (1724) 1. 204, ed. 1871.
[A cadle, potiiincula, oiiaeeuni. Levins Ma)up. (1570).
Picard dial, caitdel icaudiaii), ' bouillie faite avec la farine
et des oeufs ' (Littre, s.v. Cliaiideau).]
CADDEL, si.* Dev. The common cow-parsnip,
Heracleum sphondylium. Cf cad-weed.
w.Dev. Marshall Riir. Econ. (1796'!. Dev.*
CADDEN, V. Der.*, nw.Der.' To blindfold. Sec
Cad, sb." 2.
CADDER, see Caddow.
CADDESS, 56. Obs. Yks. The jackdaw.
Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (July 11, 1896).
[A flock of stares or caddesses. Chapman Iliad (1611)
XVI. 546 (Nares); A cadesse or a dawe, Moncdula, Baret
(1580).]
CADDI, see Caddow.
CADDIE, sb. Sc. Nhp. Shr. Also written caddy,
cady, cadie, cawdy Sc. ; caddee Nhp.' ; cadee Shr.'
Also in form cadee-man Shr.'
1. A cadet in the army.
Sc. Tho' commissions are dear, Yet I'll buy him one this year.
For he shall serve no longer a cadie, Ramsay Tea-Table Misc.
fi724'i I. 49, ed. 1763; With his sword by his side like a cadie.
Herd Coll, (1776) II. 170 Jam.). Edb. Despatch them as cadies
to Bengal and the Cape of Good Hope, MoiR Maiisie U'auch
;l828) 206.
2. A lad or man who waits about on the look out for
chance employment as a messenger, errand-boy, &c., esp.
a golf-attendant. Cf. cad, 56.'
Sc. The cawdys, a very useful black-guard who attend the
coffee-houses and publick places, Burt Letters front North (c. 1730)
I. 26 ; The caddies are a fraternity of people who run errands,
Arnot Hist. Edb. (1779) 503; The usefu' cadie plies in street
CADDIE
[480]
CADDLE
To bide the profits o' his feet, Fergusson Poems {l^6ci) II. 94
(Jam.) ; The farmer strutted away downstairs followed by Man-
nering and the cadie, Scott Guy M. (1815) xxxvi ; The next time
vou didna ken your road, ask ane of the caddies at the street
corners, Whitehead Dnft Davie (1876) 221, ed. 1894. Ayr. We
pot a caddy to guide us, Galt Ami. Paiish (1821) xx. Lth. Ilk
footy sweep, ilk creeshy caddie, Ilk tree-legg'd man, Ballantine
/^OCT/ii ( 1 856) 68. Nhp.' A servant's servant ; an under waggoner,
&c. Shr.' Obsol.
3. A young fellow, a lad ; used as a familiar epithet.
Sc. A' ye canty, cheerie caddies, Lend a lug to Jamie's tale,
PicKEN Poems (1813) I. 186. Ayr. But gie him't het, my hearty
cocks ! E'en cowe the cadie, Burns Cry (1786) St. 18.
CADDIE, see Caddow.
CADDIS, sb.^ Sc. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Lin. Slir. Also
written cadis w.Yks. ; keddis N.I.'; cattis Nhb.'; caddas
Shr.' [ka-dis.]
1. Shreds, rags of any material ; cotton wool, lint.
Sc. Caddis is linnen scraped into a soft cottony substance for
dressing sores, Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) ; Oakum is hemp
caddis. Ye'll ca' yer claes to caddis climbin the trees. Mak' a
feuggil o' caddis out o' that rope. The hare was owre near me
when I shot, an' I dreeve her a' to caddis (G.W.). Frf. What
first struck Margaret in Thrums was the smell of the caddis,
Barrie Minister (1891") iii. N.I.' A small quantity of silk, or
woollen material, or flax, stuffed into an ink-bottle, and then
saturated with ink. The pen is supplied by coming in contact
with the kcddis, and ifthe bottle is overset the ink does not spill.
Ant. Ballymena Obs. (1892). Ntib.' Straw much broken in thresh-
ing is termed ' knocked aa to cattis.' Cotton wadding put in the
ear is called 'cattis.' w.Yks. 1708. To cash p"* . . . [for] lineing
cadis Inkle, &c., £1 ns.dd., Ace. Bradford Prs/i.Oiwardeits. (i^o8).
2. A kind of woollen braid or galloon used for binding
horse-rugs, decorating horses on May Day, and formerly
as recruiting colours.
w.Yks. 1 bought six-pennorth o' caddis at old Smith's (H.L.) ;
(J.S.) ; w.Yks.2, n.Lin.l Shr.i Obsol. Theer's lots o' young chaps
listed this May ; the caddas wuz flyin' about Sosebry streets
above a bit.
[1. Cadas, boiubiciniiiin. Prompt. 2. Inkles, caddisses,
cambrics, lawns, Shaks. IVint. T. iv. iv. 208.]
CADDIS, sb?- Hrf.* A poor creature, simpleton.
CADDISSED, ppl. adj. Shr. Of sheep : dusted with
red powder.
Shr.i Maister, I 66nder yo' liken yore lombs kadi'st athatn.
CADDIT, pp. Cum. [kadit.] Of hair: matted,
tangled.
Cum. (J. A.) ; Cum.' Her hair was caddit till it cud niver be
cwom't niair.
CADDLE, sb} and v} Yks. Lan. Lin. War. Wor. Hrf
Glo. Oxf. Brks. Hmp. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Also written
kaddle w..Som.' ; and in forms cattle Oxf. Brks.' Som. ;
cattel Wil.' [kadi, kse'dl.]
1. sb. Confusion, disorder, disarray, embarrassment.
n.Yks.' Applied when the furniture, &c., of a room, or the house,
are, or have been, undergoing the process of cleaning, and are
not 3-et put back into their usual order. s.War.' Glo. What a
caddie she's in ! (^ A. B.) Oxf. 'G. P."); Oxf.' Brks. I be all of a caddie
to-day I M.J.B.); Brks.' Hmp. (JR.W.) s.Hmp. I'm all in my
dishabilles, quite in a caddie, Vernev L. Lisle ( 1870) ix. Hmp.'
Wil. Lauk a mercy ! 'ere's maister a comin' an' I be all in a caddie
(E.H.G.) ; Slow Gl. (1892) ; Wil.' Lawk, zur, but I be main scrow
to be ael in zich a caddie, alang o' they childern, Tales, 137. Dor,
I'd a' gone to vetch 'ee, but I've a-bin in sich a caddie wi' they all.
Hare Vill. Street i^i8g5) 201; Here's a caddie wi' these letters.
Hardy Desp. Rem. fed. 1896) 376 ; Dor.' An' ridden house is sich
a caddie, 57 ; W. &'j. Gl. 11873).
2. Worry, trouble, dispute, fuss.
War. (J.K.W.) Glo. The parson's virite, 'er come down a-
ycaring the nise to see what arl the caddie wur about, Buckman
Darke's SojourH (1890) ii ; Glo.' What's the use of making such a
caddie ? Brks. Ther wur no sich a caddie about sick folk when I
wur a bwoy, Hughes T. Broimi O.xf. (1856) xxxiii ; There was
a lot of caddie in thestreets lastnight (W.F.R.). WU.Thewind-
miller snubbed her for ' making such a caddie ' about a woman's
face, EwiNGyoiJ WindmilU 1876) xiii ; Wil.' IfWilhim come whoam
and zees two [candles] a burnin', he'll make a vi vi-vino caddie.
Tales, 42. Som. Sweethan UinrantonGl. (1885 ; When yo puts
off tha kcers of tha wordle awhile, along wi tha caddie and dirt,
'Agrikler '/?/yH!cs (1872) 109 ; (W.F.R.) w.Som.'Hautaiulth
ec, miis-us? yiie bee aud een u kad'l z-maurneen [what's the
matter, mistress ? you are all in a bustle this morning].
Hence Caddlenient, sb. fuss, confusion; gossip, chatter.
Glo. Folk will talk . . . but it be all caddlement, Gissing Both
of this Parish ( 1889) I. 327 ; Us uU get something better to hear
than your caddlement, ib. Vill. Hampden (1890) III. i ; Glo.'2
3. V. To confuse, throw into disorder.
Brks.' Dwoant 'e caddie me an' maayke me do 't all wrong.
n.Wil. I be that caddled I can't think o' nothin' (E.H.G.) ;
How did you like the sermon to day, John ? — Aw thur, zur, t'ood
a bin a main sight better if a hadden' caddled the Scriptur so
(G.E.D.). Wil.' I don't hold wi' they binders [binding machines],
they do caddie the wheat about so.
Hence Caddling, //i/. adj. untidy, disorderly, slipshod.
Brks.' A done that ther job in a caddlin' waay.
4. To hurry, fluster.
Brks. Directions to a man driving cattle—' Don't caddie 'um at
all, let 'um go along stiddy ' (W.H.E.). Wil. Caddie no man's
cattle, Flk-saw, Jefferies Gt. Estate (1880) 78 ; There's plenty o'
time — there ain't no 'casion to caddie (E.H.G.) ; Wil.' To caddie
a horse, to drive him over-fast.
5. To tease, worry, annoy.
n.Cy. Grose (1790). w.Yks. Hutton Tour to Caves (1781).
ne.Lan.', Glo. (F.H.), Glo.' Brks. I be nigh caddled to death
wi' this drattled old jack-ass, Hughes Scour. IVhitc Horse {i&^g) vi.
Hmp.' Wil. (K.M.G.) ; Wil.' Now dwoan't 'e caddie I zo, or I'll
tell thee vather o' thee. w.Cy. It ain't a morsel of good your
going on caddling with . . . your Romany, Carew Aidob. Gipsy
(1891) XX. Dev. If ez wife ed but take to her office agen Her
should nivver be caddl'd by he, Pulman Sketches (1871) 31.
Hence Caddling, ppl. adj. troublesome, teasing, worry-
ing, annoying.
Lin. I've never had such a caddling year as this has been
(L.C. M.). Hmp.i Wil.* Little Nancy was as naisy and as caddlin'
as a wren, that a was, Tales, !■]■;. 'A caddlin' place ' is one where
as soon as a servant begins one piece of work he or she is called
off to another. 'Tes alius a caddlin' zart of a job takin' they fat
beasties to Swinnun Market.
6. To loaf, loiter, potter about, fuss, trifle.
War. 2 Don't caddie with that sewing any longer. Wor. I've
had to go caddling after that ship all the morning (H.K.). Hrf.^
Glo.' He's got no reg'lar work, but he caddies about. Hmp.
(J.R.W.) Wil.' He be alius a caddlin' about, and won't never do
nothin' reg'lar. w.Som.' Aayvu-zeeddhu ! dhee-t buydkad-leen
dhae'ur vur u vaurtnait, zai noa'urt tudh'ee [I have seen you!
j'ou would stay loitering there for a fortnight, if one said nothing
to you]. Dhae'ur, dh-oa"l mae'un du kad'lee baewt, jis lig u ai'n
wai wau-n chik [there, the old man fusses about, just like a hen
with one chicken]. Dev. Now then, Harry, whot be yii caddling
about vur? Duee go tu work an' 'arn yer zalt, ef yu get'th yer
mayte vur nuthing, Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892).
Hence Caddling, ppl. adj. fussy, fidgety, pottering.
w.Som.' U kad'leen oa'l fuul-ur — ee doa'n saaT tuup'uns u-dai*
[a peddling old fellow — he doesn't earn two-pence a day].
7. To gossip, chatter.
Wor. He goes caddling about (H.K.). Hrf.2 Glo. It be no
time for caddling, Gissing Both of this Parish (1889) I. 310 ; I'm
sure thee's caddled enow 'bout Peter Bassut and the fun'ral,
Buckman Darke's Sojourn (1890) ii. Wil.' Obs.
Hence Caddling, ppl. adj. gossiping, untruthful.
Glo.' He's a false caddlin' feller.
8. To quarrel.
w.Wor,' 'Ark to them childern caddlin' over their bits uv t'ys.
Hmp.'
Hence Caddling, ppl. adj. quarrelsome, disputing.
Wil. Slow Gl. (1892) ; His bill was zharp, his stomack lear, Zo
up a snapped the caddlin pair, Akerman Tales (1853) 97 ; Ellis
Prominc. (1889) V. 52 ; Wil.'
CADDLE, v.^, sb.^ and adj Yks. Chs. Not. Lin. Rut.
Lei. Nhp. War. Wor. Hrf. Also written cadie Chs.' Not.
sw.Lin.' Nhp.'; cadel Rut.'; keddle w.Yks.' [kadi,
kedl.]
1. V. To pet, fondle, coax, coddle.
w.Yks.' s.Not. If yer cadie yer children so they'll niver do no
good. A can't sit cadlin yo all day (J.P.K.). sw.Lin.' He cadles
it a deal. Kut.' The master's dog comes cadeling and making a
fuss ever so. Lei.' Nhp.' She's always cadling her child. War.*
You caddie that child too much. s.Wor.', Hrf.*
CADDLE
[^8^]
CADE
Hence (i) Caddled, ppl. adj. indulged, spoiled; (2)
Caddling, ppl. adj. dainty, fastidious, delicate, accustomed
to be petted.
(i) War.3 A caddled child. (2) Chs.' Applied to young girls.
Rut.' He's such a cadeling thing. Lei.' Pointers are very caddlin'
tilings, War.3
2. sb. One who coddles himself, one who is accustomed
to be petted. sw.Lin.', Lei.', War.^
3. adf. Dainty, fastidious.
Let.' He is quite a caddie man.
CADDLE. v.^ Wil. [kffi-dl.] To do small repairs.
Wil. An old cobbler used always to send in his bills for making
boots and doing small repairs to them thus : ' To making and
caddling Mr. So-andso's boots,' &c. (G.E.D.)
CADDLE, see Caudle, Coddle, Cuddle.
CADDLESOME, adj. Wil. [kaedlsam.]
1. Of persons : troublesome. Wil.'
2. Of weather: stormy, uncertain.
Wil.^ 'T'uU be a main caddiesome time for the barley.
CADDLING, ppl. adj. and adv. Hrf. Glo. Wil. Som.
[kae'dlin.]
1. ppl. adj. Of weather : uncertain, variable, stormy.
Wil.^
2. Of persons: tricky, pettifogging, shuffling.
Hrf.' A little caddling butcher. Glo.' w.Sora.' Kaa-n niivur
daeul wai ee-, u-z auvees zu kadleen [i^I) can't never deal with
him, he is always so shuffling].
3. adv. Unfairly, in a shuffling manner.
Hrf.' I don't bid caddling, I bid fair.
CADDLY, ffrf/'. Wil.' [kaedli.] Of weather: stormy,
uncertain.
CADDO'W, sb} Nhb. Yks. Lin. e.An. Hrf. Also written
caddaw Nrf Suf.' ; cadow Nhb.; cadder e.An.' Nrf,
and in forms caddie, caddy Nrf ; caddi Lin.' ; cawdaw
n.Cy. Suf ; carder, caeder Suf. [ka'd9.]
1. The jackdaw, Corvus tuouediila.
n.Cy. SWAINSON Birds (,18851 81. Nlib. In March kill crow, pie,
and cadow, Richardson Borderer's Table-bk. (1846) VII. 215.
Yks. Leeds Merc. Sii/'f>l. (July 11, 1896). Lin.' e.An.' A caddus'
nist. Nrf. Ray (1691V, (K-) ; Grose (1790'); Cozens-Hakdy
Broad Nrf. (1893) 43; Yow kin mardle [gossip] wi' the caddcrs
and ringdows, 'bor, Patterson Man and Nat. (1895) 18; Nrf.'
Suf. Tliere be bats and martins, and carders, Strickland Old
friends (1864) 249. e.Suf. e.An. Dy. Times (1892). Suf.' Ess.
Trans. Arch. Soc. (1863) 183. [She can cackle like a cadowe,
SwAiNsoN Birds (1885) 82.]
2. Fiff. A simpleton, a poor creature.
Hrf. In common use fll.C.M.); Hrf.^ Her's only a poor cadow.
[1. Ca.da.\\,7}toiicdula, Prompt, ('cadowe 'in Pynson'sed.
1499)]
CADDO'W, sb.^ Irel. Lan. Also written cadda N.I.'
fka'da.] A quilt, coverlet ; a cloak ; a small cloth which
lies on a horse's back underneath the 'straddle.'
N.I.' Lan. Bobby Shuttle, caddowweighvur. A LJowtuncaddow
manufacturer, Staton Bobby Shnllle, 14,36; Peggy wove caddows
on a loom, ib. Loominary (c. 1861 ) 40.
[Converlitre velne, an Irish rug, mantle, or cadow,
CoTGR. ; White blankctt with a caddowe, Inv. Hugh
Bellot (1596), Cheth. Soc. liv. i.]
CADDY, 56.' Nhp. Dev. [kae'di.] The caddis-worm
or grub of the May-fly.
Nlip.' Used as baits by anglers, especially school-boys. Dev.'
CADDY, sA.« Obs. n.Cy. Yks. A ghost, bugbear.
n.Cy. Grose (1790) ; Denham Tracts (ed. 1895) II. 78. w.Yks.
Hutton Tour to Caves (1781).
[Dim. of obs. E. cadid, a spirit. One of these cadds
or familiars still knocking over their pillow, Osborne
Advice (1656) 36; Rebellion wants no cad nor elfe. But is
a perfect witchcraft of it self. King Foeiiis (1657), ed.
1843. 87.]
CADDY, adj Yks. Der. Lin. [ka-di.]
1. Hale, hearty, in good health and spirits ; convalescent.
w.Yks. Piper Dial. Sheffield (1824^ 19; Sheffield Leader (Mar.
1874) ; w.Yks.2 Der. Pretty caddy, Grose (1790) MS. add. (P.) ;
Der.'2, nw.Der.' Lin. Miller & Skertchly Fenland {1&1&) iv.
n.Lin.' The caddiest ohd man as I iver knaw'd. sw.Lin.' The old
VOL. I.
lass seemed a niced bit better, she seemed quiet [quite] caddy.
He's gotten quiet caddy again.
2. Precise, old-maidish. Der.", nw.Dcr.'
CADDY, see Coddy.
CADDY-BALL, sb. Dev. Also in form caddy. A
tennis-ball.
Dev. They truckel'd en roun like a big caddy bal, Nathan Hogg
Poet. Lett. (1847) 23. ed. '^sS; Charles Orger hath agied me theasc
kaddy-ball. 'E zeth 'e idden no gOde vur tennis, cuz 'e's za
beastly ! Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892) ; How he flounders about, and
makes fun. Poor Mister Leviathan Addy ! Lo, his grandeur, so
lately a sun, Is sinking sad fall!) to a caddy, P. Pindar Great Cry,
Ep. i. St. 6. ed. 1816, IV. 250.
CADDY-BUTCHER, sb. Lin. One who buys horses
to sell for cat's-meat. See Cad, sb.^
Lin. The veterinary surgeon had advised him to sell it to some
'caddv butcher,' Standard Sept. 28, i888\
CADDYPILLER, sec Caterpillar.'
CADE, */;.' Obs, Sc. e.An. Ken. Also written kade
Suf.' ; card Ken.'
1. A cask, barrel, or keg. See Kid.
Fif. His liiitsced, stow'd in bag or cade, Tennant Anster (1812)
23, ed. 1871. Suf.'
2. A measure for herrings and sprats.
e.An.' A cade of sprats at Aldborough is a thousand. Nrf Suf.
The more ancient package of red-herrings was by the cade, con-
taining 600. '38 Eliz., for seven cade of full red-herrings, sold at
market, 3/. 10s. Item, for two cade of herrings, to John Moung.nye,
i8i\,' Gardner Hist. Diinwicb (1754) 20. Ken.' Lewis mentions
a card of red-herrings amongst the merchandise paying rates at
Margate harbour.
3. A cade of beef, any parcel or quantity of pieces under
a whole quarter.
Ken. Kennett Par. Antiq. (1695) ; Ken.'"
[1. Cade, a barrel, a cag, or cask, Bailey (1721). 2.
Cade of herrings is 500, of sprats 1000. The Welshmen
call a cade of herrings a mease or horseload, Blount
(1670). Tr.cade, 'baril en usage dans les salines' (Littre).]
CADE, sb.'^ Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Also
written caed w.Yks. ; kaid Dur.' Cum. ; kade n.Yks.' ;
kaed N.Cy.' Nhb.' ; keadd Cum.' ; kead Nhb.' Cum. Yks.
n.Yks.' ne.Lan.'; keead Wm. n.Yks.'=; kyed Nhb.';
kyad Wm. ; ked Sc. n.Yks.' ; kid n.Yks.' [ked, kiad.j
The sheep-louse, Melophagiis oviniis.
Sc. Swarms of Vermin and sheep kaids, Watson Coll. (1706) III.
21 (Jam.") ; The ked molests particularly hogs or young sheep,
Essays Highl. Soc. Ill, 435 (Jam.^; Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863I.
N.Cy.', Nhb.'. Dur.' Cum. M P.) ; ( J.W.O. ) ;' Cum.' Wm. Kill
iwery k3'ad an cure ivvery mortal thing without either tar or
brimstone. Close Leg. and Tales ^1862) 73; To kill the keeads,
the sheep must be salved (B.K.). n.Yks.'" vr. Yks. Leeds Men.
Snf>pt. (Jan, 30, 1892;; Hutton Tour to C(je/« (1781) ; (R,H.H.)
ne.Lan,'
Hence Keeady, adj. abounding in ' cades.'
n.Yks. iI.W.); n.Yks.2
[A cade, sheepe louse, pediculiis oiiis, Levins Maiiip.
(1570VI
CADE, .';i.3, adj and v. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Stf. Der. Not. Lin. Rut. Lei. Nhp. War. Won Shr. Mtg.
Hrf. Brks. Bdf Hnt. Nrf Suf Ken.
1. sb. A young animal brought up by hand, a pet,
fondling.
Cum.,Wm. Sullivan Cum. OMrfJfw. (1857)86. ne.Lan.', Stf.',
Der.", nw.Der.' Not. They made quite acadeof the foal i,L.C.M.) ;
Not.', n.Lin.' sw.Lin.' She makes quite a cade of it. Rut.' Appl.
to tame doves or even to a sociable cat. Lei.' To Dorothy the
dairy-maid, Who rear'd of lambs full many a cade, IVill of
li'illotighby Dixie. Nhp.', War."^, w.'Wor.', Bdf. (J.W.B.) Hnt.
My lads make quite a cade of him [a pony], A'. &> Q. (1869) 4th S.
iii. 160.
2. A spoilt, indulged child.
Der.^, nw.Der.' s.Not. You are a cade to want nursing at your
age iJ.P.K). n.Lin.' Rut.' She's quite a cade. Nhp.' w.Wor.'
That 'Ooman 'nil reg'lur ruinate the b'y ; 'e's such a little cade as
never wuz. Shr.' Mtg. Look at Ned Jones, what an ould cade
he is, he wonna stir a peg anywhere without his mammy (E.R.M.).
Hence (i) Cadely, adj., (2) Cadish, adj., (3) Cady, adj.
tame, accustomed to be petted, spoiled.
3R
CADEL
[482]
CADGE
(i) Not.' Lei.' It'sa cadely little thing[said of a tame bantatr].
War.^ {2) Shr.i Jenny Preece 'as put 'er lad to a wilrit ; but
'e'll never stop throm 'is mammy, 'e's so cadish. (3) s.Lin. CaUle
that comercadily to the hand, are quite tame, and easily approached,
are called cady, N. &= O. (1869) 4th S. iii. 255. Shr.>
3. adj. Petted, indulged ; appl. to lambs brought up by
hand, and hence to children ; freq. in coiiili. cade lamb,
— child.
N.Cy.2 Wm. Ferguson Norlliiiien (1856) 173. n.Yks.^ s.Yks.
She wor browt up just loike a cade lamb t,R. H.H.I. w.Yks.'^a^
Chs.12 3 s.Chs.i Ky'ai-d laam-. n.Stf. It's ill bringin' up a cade
lamb, Geo. Eliot ^. Btrfe (1859) I. 165. Der.^, nw.Der.^ Not.
My daughter's bringing up three cade Iambs this time (L.C. M.).
n.Lin.i Three cade Iambs were playing near the door, Clare S/:ep.
Calendar, 126. sw.Lin.' Rut.' Edie Thorpe has a cade lamb, and
farmer Mason's wife she hev a little cade pig. Lei.', War.^, s.War.'
Wor. Always in comb, cade lamb (J.W.P.). Shr.i Hrf.2 Also
called tidling lambs until their tails are cut. Brks. (^W.H.Y.)
Nrf., Suf. Grose (17901. Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.'
4. V. To pet, fondle, indulge, spoil.
Not. I shouldn't cade it so much I L.C.M.) ; (W.H.S.) ; Not.'
sw.Lin.' It's plain to see it's been caded a deal. Lei.' Nhp.' It
was a trouble to lose the child ; we had caded it for years. War.^
She always caded her children up so; War.^. Shr.i, Hnt. (T.P.F.)
Hence Caded, ppl. adj. petted, carefully nurtured.
War.2 A caded child ; War.3 Caded and coddled plants.
[1. Cade, Agnus doini ediicaliis, Skinner (1671); Your
father mumbled a while as the cade which cheweth the
cudde, G.\scoiGNE Gl. Gov. (1575), ed. 1870, 48; A cade,
oiiis doiiu'siica. Catli. Augl. (1483). 3. Cade-lamb, brought
up by hand, Coles (1677).]
CADEL, see Caddie, v.'^
CADER, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Dev. Cor. Also
written cadarStf.'; keyther w.Yks. Lan.' Chs.'; kayther
e.Lan.' ; kaythtir Lan.' [ked3(r), ke'tS3(r).]
1. A cradle.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Stifpl. (July 14, 1894'). Lan. Keep th'
kej'ther stirrin' gently ; an' Make very little din, 'Waugh Neet-fo'
(1859 > St. 7 ; May yor kaythur never give o'er rockin ! Brierley
Irkdate (18651 230; Lan.' Whether it lawmt [lamed] th' barn ot
wur i' th' keather, I know naw, Tim Bobbin Wks. (ed. 1750) 66.
e.Lan.', Chs.'
2. A light frame of wood put over a scythe to preserve
and lay the corn more evenly in the swathe. Stf. (K.) ;
Stf.'
3. A small wooden frame on which a fisherman keeps
his line. See Cantor.
Dev. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C) Cor.'2
[Wei. cadair, a chair ; cadair fagu, a cradle ; cadair
pladiir, the cradle of a scythe (Silvan Evans).]
CADEY, si>. Sc. Nhb. Lan. War. Slang. Also written
kadey Nhb. ; cady Lan. ; cadie Sc. ; caddy (Farmer).
[ke di, kadi.] A hat.
Rnf., Lnk. (Jam. Sii/>p/.) Nhb. One wad sell his hat. An' six-
pence for the kadey tcuk, Wilson Tyncside Sngs. ( 1890) 259. Lan.
A cady or straw cady, TV. & Q. (1869) 4th S. iii. 406. War.^
Slang. Farmer.
CADGE, v.' and si.' Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Also written kedge s.Pem. [kadg, kaedg.]
1. V. To carry ; esp. to convey corn to a mill or parcels to
their destination ; a\so/ig. to carry tales. See Cadger, si.'
Sc. A strappin' deam to cadge a creel or gather sheaves at hairst-
time, Roy JJorseinan's IVd. (1895) xxxix. Gall. They're better
there than cadgin' them hame an' maybe lossin' them, Crockett
Bog-My,l!c (1895) 376. n.Cy. (K.) ; N.Cy.'^ Nhb. Grose (17901 ;
Nhb.' Where are ye cadgin the box te 1 He cadged the poke aall
the way on ov his back. n.Yks.' Ah aims he's cadging for t'miller
at Deeal-end. n.Yks.^, ne.Yks.' e.Yks. Marshall Rtir. Econ.
(1788). Clis.'23 w.'Wor.' That Ben Collier's a spiteful 'un ; 'e's
alius a cadgin' about to the gentlefolks, an' settin' um agin some
onus. Shr., Hrf. To carry on foot as a porter. Bound P/'O!;. (1876^.
Hence (i) Cadging-cart, sb. a carrier's cart; (2)
Cadging-mill, sb. a flour-mill ; (3) Cadgings, sb. pi. the
quantity of errands for conveying home.
(i) w.Yks. A cadging-cart for fetching and carrying small 'fadges'
or sheets of wool to and from the hand-combers' workshops,
Leeds Merc. Siip/^l. ( Feb. 25, 1893). (2) Yks. Hamilton Nitgae Lit.
(1840 357. m.Yks.i (3) n.Yks.2
2. To hawk goods for sale.
Bnif.' He's taen t'cadge fish. Gall. I'll never be grocer, nor yet
chandler. ... I wad cadge keel first, Crockett Raiders (18941 v.
N.I.' S.Don. Simmons Gl. (1890). Lei.'
3. To tout for custom. e.Yks.', Not.'^
4. To do odd jobs. n.Lin.'
5. To beg, sponge ; to loaf or skulk about with the idea
of picking up food, &c. ; to commit petty thefts.
Bwk. Cadgin' up and cadgin' down, Henderson Pop. Rhymes
(1856) 81. s.Don. In the Munster scliools 40 years ago the poor
scholars who had no home to go to had to go cadging [for a free
night's lodging] every evening after school, Simmons Gi. (i8go'>.
Nhb. Aw'll cadge a meg ov Toby Walker, Wilson Tyneside Sngs.
(1890) 342 ; Nhb.' Aa'll cadge a match off him. Here's a chep
come to cadge. Cum. When beggars is cadgin' up an' doon
t'country they like munney better nor owt else, Farrall Betty
IVilson C1886) 127. n.Yks.' He nobbut cadges aboot fra spot
t'spot, an' pikes cop owght he can ; n.Yks.^ To go cadging about.
ne.Yks.', e.Yks.', m.Yks.' w.Yks. Sooa he set off, an cadged his
way to Edinburgh, Bywater Sliejfield Dial. (1877) 130; w.Yks. 2;
w.Yks.^ Well, hah mich lies tuh cadged — lets be knawing? Lan.*
Well, wi' wortchin' a bit an' cadgin' a bit, he maks out t'best road
hecon. m.Lan.' Chs.' Whatdoes your brotherworkat? — Please'm,
he dusna wark, he on'y cadges. s.Stf. He allays gos round
cadgin' at the Wake (T.P.). Not. There's old Joe cadgin' as usual
(L.C.M.) ; Not.', Lei.' Nhp.' We've got nothing to do ; we must
set off a cadging. War.23, n.Wor. ' J.W.P.) se.Wor.' To beg
indirectly by means of hints or flattery. s.Pem. Laws Little Eng.
(1888) 420. Glo. We bean't chaps o' that sort, maester, alius
a-cadging ; no! us bean't, Buckman Dnrte's Sojonrn (i8gd) xx ;
Glo.i Oxf.' MS. add. Bdf. A thieving set of magpies — cadgin'
'ere and cadgin' there. Ward Bessie Cos/;r// (1895) 25 ; (J.W.B.)
Suf. (F.H.) Ken. They are sent out to cadge (D.W.L.). Sus.'
He come along here a cadging (s.v. Call-over). Hmp.' w.Som.'
Haut-s kaum u dh-oa'I Aeurun Joa'unz ? — Oa ! ee doan diie'
noa'urt bud kaj'ee baevvt [What has become of the old Aaron
Jones? — Oh! he does nothing but beg or steal]. Dev. Dick Small
do'th nort but cadge about vrom 'ouze tii 'ouze, Hewett Peas. Sp.
(1892) ; Zach had cadged upon Mary Plummer for a long time,
Mortimer Talcs (1895, 84. Cor.^ In freq. use.
Hence (i) On the cadge, p/ir. on the tramp, begging;
(2) Cadging, z'i/. si. the act of begging; (3) Ctidging, ppl.
adj. importunate; (4) Cadging-bag, sb. a bag in which
a beggar puts tlie scraps given to him ; (5) Cadging-
pouch, sb. a large tobacco-pouch ; (6) Cadgings, sb. pi.
gleanings.
(I) S.Lin. (T.H.R.) w.Som.' Purty old bun'le her is— her bin
'pon the cadge 'is ten year. Cor.' Out on the cadge. Slang. A
waiter when hanging about for a tip is said to be on the cadge.
Farmer. (2) w.Yks. Not to mince the matter, it is a species of
cadging, Yksman. Xmas No. (1878) 26. w.Som' Miin-ee o wiis
choa r-n kajeen [many a worse chore than begging]. Cor.' They
get their living by cadging. (3) Stf., War. (H.K.) Wor. They be
sich cadging folks (H.K.). Nrf. That's just like your horrid cadging
way. Haggard Col. Qnaritc/t (1888) I. xii. (4) Chs.' (5) s.Lan.
A cadging-pouch is used among smokers to imply its capacity
for lent tobacco (F.R.C.). (6) n.Yks.^
6. sb. A small pedlar, hawker ; a beggar, tramp. Not.',
Lei.', War.^
CADGE, v.^ and sb.^ Sc. Also in form caich, cache
(Jam.).
1. V. To shake, knock about.
Abd. The fiercelings race did her so hetly cadge, Ross Helenore
(1768) 60, ed. 1812; Since my return from Aberdeen, So cadg'd
and hurry'd I have been, Shirrefs Poems (1790) 340; (W.M.)
2. sb. A shake, jog.
Abd. By some wrang cadge she ga'e her hand, Shirrefs P<w»«s
(1790) 131.
Hence (i) Cadgan, vbl. sb. the act of being tossed or
jolted ; (2) Cadgy, adj., (3) Cadgin, ///. adj. having a
jolting motion.
(i i Bnff.' He got a gey cadgan gain' through the hill in 's cairt.
(2"] Bnff.' Abd. Now G — , to end my cadgy canter, May never
Fate nor fell mishanter, Disturb the joys I wish sincerely. Still
Cottars Sunday (18.(5) '59- (3) Bnff.'
CADGE, J.3 Lan. [kadg.] To tie or bind a thing.
Lan. Grose 1^1790) ; Lan.'
[This kote is yll kadged, ce sayoit a ses plies mal dresses
dune lisiere, Palsgr. (1530).]
CADGE
[483]
CAFENDERY
CADGE, t/.* Obs. Yks. Term used in making bone
lace.
Yks. Thoresby LHI. (1703). w.Yks.*
CADGE, see Codge.
CADGER, sb} Van dial, usages in Sc. Ircl. and Eng.
Also written kedger Yks. Nrf. [ka'd23(r), kaedg3(r).]
1. A carrier, tiuckster, hawker of small wares. See
Cadge, v} 1.
Sc. Wad ha' rein'd as cannily as a cadger's pownie, Scott
U'avcyley (1814) xlvii. Per. An'ane [bumper] for Jock the cadger
Wha brocht tlie tappit hen, Haliburton Horace (18S6) 32; It's
juist in an' oot hke a cadger buyin' eggs, Ian Maclaren K. Carnegie
(1896! 226. Ayr. Just like a cadger's whip, Burns ybZ/y Beggars
( 1 785) St. 2 ; A cadger wi' a smuggled keg o' brandy, Galt Sir A.
IVylie (1822) xl ; A dealer in crockery and dclf-ware— a cadger, he
was called, Johnston Ki!n:a!/ie (^iSgi) I. 76. e.Lth. Jack swore
that he himself felt as hungry as a cadger's donkey, Mucklebackit
Rur. Rhyitiis (1885) 127. Bwk. Thomas carried on the trade of
an eggman or cadger, Henderson Pop. Rhymes (1856) 85. N.I.',
N.Cy.' Nhb.' Where few but cadgers wi' their cairts till noo
hev iver been, Wilson Opening Railway (1838). Cum. (M.P.) ;
Cum.' The I'eet Cadger. Wm. Have you seen the cadger's cart
pass? (B.K.) Chs.12 3^ Der.2, nw.Der.' w.Wor.' I'll send the
haskit by the cadger a Saturd'y. Hrf.12, Hnt. (T.P.F.), Sur.
(T.S.C.) Sus. He's a bricklayer's cadger, or one who conveys
the bricks, mortar, &c. from the ground to that part of the building
where the bricklayer is at work, N. &• Q. (1880) 6th S. i. 124.
e.SuS. HOLLOWAY.
2. Comp. (i) Cadger-like, like a carrier; (2) Cadger-
pownie, a huckster's pony.
(i) Fif. With cadger-like sobriety of canter, Tennant Anstcr
(1812) 35. (2) Ayr. Tho' I should pawn my pleugh and graith,
Or die a cadger-pownie's death, At some dyke-back, Burns Ep.
to Lapraik (Apr. i, 1785) st. 7.
3. A miller's man, one who collects people's corn, and
carries it to the mill to be ground, delivers flour, &c.
Cf. badger, sb}
n.Cy. (K.) ; N.Cy.2 Nhb. Grose (1790). n.Yks.'*, ne.Yks.'
e.Yks. As impident as a cadger boss, Nicholson Flk-Lore (1890)
40 ; e.Yks.', m.Yks.' w.Yks. Lucas Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882)
CI. Not.13, Lin. (G.G.W.)
4. An itinerant dealer in fish.
Bnff,' Abd. For cadgers . . . Maun ay be harlin in their trade,
Skinner Poems (1809) 40. Abd. Aul' Skairey, the cadger,
Alexander Jolumy Gibb (1871) vii. Kcd. A cadger body, Johnny
Joss, . . . Lost shawltie, cairtie, creels an' a' At ae unlucky sweep.
Grant Lays (1884) 9. Frf. ' Not me,' answered the fish cadger,
with a grin, Barrie Minister (1891) xi. N.I.1, N.Cy.l Yks.
Grose UTgo).
5. One who docs odd jobs.
n.Lin.' The term is often appl. to men who do odd jobs as
grooms, such as making up horses for fairs.
6. A beggar, tramp, loafer, petty thief.
Sc. The king's errand may come in the cadger's gate, Ramsay
Prov. (1737). Ayr, Cursed like a cadger, Galt Ann. Parish
(1821) xvii. S.Don. Simmons Gl. (i8go). n.Yks.' ' What's thoo
3'an o' Willie M.'s cadgers V said to one among some servants who
were supposed to carry things, purloined from their master's
house, to the W. M. in question. e.Yks.' w.Yks.^ ' Tha'll ha' to
turn cadger someo'theasedaaysiftuh doesn't mind' is the mother's
understood rebuke to an extravagant or wasteful child. s.Lan.
(F.R.C.), Chs.', Der.=, nw.Der.i, Not. (L.C.M.) Lin. Do yer
think I'm a gooin' to be call'd Nell by every cadger 'at comes to
warm his sen at our fire! Peacock R. Skirlang/i (1870") I. 34.
Nhp.'2, War.23, n.'Wor. (J.W.P.), se.Wor.' Oxf.i MS. add.
Brks.l Nrf. Why a couple of kedgers — that's what you look
like! A. B.K. Wright's Foiiime (1835)49. Suf. (F.H.), Ken.
(D.W.L.), Sus.', Hmp.l w.Som.' Aay-v u-yuurd um zai' eens
dhai-zh-yuur kajurz du diie- vuuree wuul buy ut [I have heard
them say that these cadgers do very well at it]. Cor.' 3 Slang.
One, who styled himself a ' cadger,' was six years of age, Mayhew
Lond. Labour (^18^1) I. 418.
7. A person of disagreeable temper. Bnff.'
[1. A cadger, a carrier, B.mley (1721); Coil^earis,
cadgearis, and carteris, Sal. Poems (1572), ed. Cranstoun,
I. 222.]
CADGER, sb.^ Obsol. Cum. A hard biscuit. "
Cum. Formerly in gen. use (J. A.) ; Cum,*
CADGER, see Codger.
CADGY, adj. and adv. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Also
written cadgie Sc. ; cadgey Sc. w.Yks. ; caigey N.I.' ;
cagie, cagey, caidgie, caidgy Sc. [ka'd^i, ke dgi.]
1. adj. In good spirits, gay, cheerful, sportive, wanton.
Sec Kedge, adj.
Sc. The gudeman will be blithe to see you — ye nar saw him sae
cadgy in your life, Scott Bride of Lam. ( 1819) xii. Elg. Cadgey
sits thou in the neuk. And blinks fu' frank and free, Couper
Toiirificalions (1803 I. 156. Rnf. My milher was cadgie, and
gicd him his tea, Barr Poems (i86i 1 73. Ayr. The old man,
cagie with the drink he had gotten, sang like a daft man, Galt
Provost ( 1822) xliv. Lnk. Ye're aye sae cadgy and ha'e sic an art
To hearten ane, Ramsay Gentle Shep. (1725I I. i. Dmf. Fair fa ilk
canny caidgy carl, Mayne Siller Gun ii8o8) 14. N.I.' Ant.
Walking with head erect and with a springing motion, Ballymrna
Obs. (1892). N.Cy.', Nhb.', n.Yks.2 w.Yks. Willan List Wds.
(1811).
Hence Cadgily, adv. gaily, merrily, cheerfully.
Sc. And cadgilie crackit the carl, I wat, Jamieson Pop. Ballads
(1808) 1.302; And cadgily ranted and sang, Ra.msay Tea-Table
Misc. (1724) I. 80, ed. 1871. Ayr. Ye were linking and slinking
sae cagily wi' ane anilher, Galt Sir A. IVylie (1821) xxxiv.
Edb. Cadgily they kiss the cap, Fergusson Poems (1773) 120.
N.Cy.i w.Yks. Willan List IVds. (181 1).
2. adv. Happily, cheerfully.
Gall. Walking together very caigy, Crockett Grey Man (1896)
'55-
CADIS, see Caddis.
CADLE, sec Caddie.
CADLOCK, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Der. Not. Lin.
Lei. Nhp. War. Shr. Hrf Glo. Hrt. Ken. Sur. Sus.
Written kadlock Der.'^ Nhp.'; also in forms kedlock
n.Yks.2 Chs.'3 Der.= nw.Der.' Not.' Lei.' Nhp.' Shr.' Glo.';
ketlock n.Yks.' ne.Yks.' e.Yks.' w.Yks.^* Lan. Not. n.Lin.'
svv.Lin.' Glo.' ; ketlack Lin. ; cadlick Ken. e.Sus. ; catlog
Sur.; kellock Glo.'; callock Nhp.' Applied to the
plants: (i) Brassica tiapiis, colewort; (2) Raphaims
Rnphanislru>it ; (3) Sinapis alba ; (4) S. arveiisis, common
charlock ; {5) S. nigra. See Carlock.
(i) Chs.' 12) Yks., Stf., War., Glo. (3) Glo. (4") Yks. Hoe
up the ketlocks, and pull up the weeds, Wray Nestleton (1876,9.
n.Yks.'2 ne.Yks.' They're pullin ketlocks j-ondcr. see ya. e.Yks.
(H.W.~); e.Yks.' w.Yks. Banks U'kfld. IVds. (1865 .; w.Yks.*,
ne.Lan.', Chs.'^ s.Stf. Pinnock BU: Cv. Ann. (18951. Der.*,
nw.Der.i Not. (L.C.M.) ; Not.' n.Lin. N. & Q. (1852 ist S. v.
376; n.Lin.', sw.Lin.', Lei.', Nhp.', War.^a, Shr.', Hrf.', Glo."
Hrt. Ellis 5//<-/>. GH/V/t' (1 750I 230. Ken.' Sur. 1, T.S.C. >; Sur.'
Sus. ..4^iif. Gazette (June 24, 1895) 557. [Morton CyJo. Agric.
(1863).] (5) Glo.
Hence Cadlocking, vbl. sb. in phr. to go cadlockiiig, to
weed out the cadlocks from among the corn.
n.Lin.^ sw.Lin.' The children are gone ketlocking. Nhp.'
[Kedlocke, charlocke or chadlocke, Gerarde Herb. (ed.
1633), Table 0/ Eiig. Names; Kedlokes hath a Icafe lyke
rapes, and bcareth a yelowe floure, Fitzherbert Hiisb.
(1534) 29.]
CADOCK, sb. Som. Dev. A bludgeon or short, thick
club.
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som. Kadeek orgadeek, in rare
use (F.T.E.). nw.Dev. Not common (R.P.C.).
CADO"W, see Caddow, 56.'
CAD-WEED, sb. Dev.'* Tiie common cow-parsnip,
Heracleum splioiidyliiiin. Cf caddel, sb.^
CADY, see Caddie.
CAEDER, see Caddow, sb.'^
CAEL, see Kail.
CAEW, see Cow.
CAFENDER, sb. Som. Dev. Cor. Also in forms
caf enter Cor.' ; cafinder, caffinder Dev.
1. A carpenter.
w.Som.' Kaafindur. Dev. Two cafiinders was fo'ced ta be zcynd
vor, Pulman Sketches (1842) 67, ed. 187 1 ; Ez nat this tlia cafindcr's
ziii? Baird St. Matt. (1863) xiii. 55. nw.Dev.' Cor.' If you be
the cafenter's daftcr [daughter].
2. A wood-louse. Dev., Cor. (Miss D.)
CAFENDERY, v. Som. To practise the trade or
pursuit of a carpenter, [kaa'fmduree.] w.Som.'
3 R 2
CAFF
[484]
CAFFLE
Hence Cafendering, vbl. sb. carpentry.
w.Soni.' Dhur z u suy t u kaafmdurcen uvoa'r dh-aewz ul bee
u-diied [there is a great deal of carpentry (to be done) before the
house will be finished].
CAFF, sb} Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Also written cauf Sc. ; cauff n.Yks.' ; cawf Kcd. ; kaff
N.Cy.' Nhb.' e.Yks.' [kaf, Sc. also kaf.]
1. Chaff, the husk of oats; fig. any light, worthless
thing.
Sc. King's cauff, your honour kens, is better than ither folk's
corn, Scott Nigel (1822) iii. Abd. Scatter't like cauff before the
win', Alexander Johnny Gibb (18711 xxii. Kcd. Scatterin' foes
o' a' description Just as win' wad scatter cawf, Grant invs (1884)
log. Per. The corn maun be threshed first and the cauf cleaned
off, Ian Maclaren Brier Bush (1895) 117. Dmb. A pu'pit without
a parish is nae better than caff without the corn. Cross Disrup-
tion (ed. 1877) xviii. Rnf. The oury cattle's winter fare, Lichtly,
as 'twere as mickle caff, Young Pictures (1865) 13. Ayr. The
cleanest corn that e'er was dight, May hae some pyles o' caff in,
Burns Address to Unco Cuid (1786). e.Lth. But we were ower
auld birds to be caught wi' ony sic caflf, Hunter /. Inwiek (1895)
177. N.I.', N.Cy.i Nhb. A' else was caff and sand te mine,
Wilson Pitman's Pay (1843) 51 ; Nhb.', Dur.', e.Dur.' s.Dur.
It was nowt but stour an' caff" (j.E.DO. Cum. Aw t fwoaks in
t'kirk was caff an' sand till him, Farrall Betty Wilson (1886) 50.
Wm. & Cum.' Hob Thross'U ne'er Ha' thee to chowk wa kaff, 204.
n.Yks. Ise give'th yawds some hinderends and calTe, Meriton
Praise Ale (1684) 1. 84 ; n.Yks.' '^ e.Yks. They cover their backs
wi' tinsel, an' fill their brains wi' caff, Wray Nestleion (1876) 20 ;
Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889); e.Yks.', ne.Yks.', w.Yks.', Lan.',
n.Lan.'
Hence Caffy, adj. worthless, mean. n.Yks.'
2. Conip. (i) Caff-bed, a bed-tick filled with chaff instead
of feathers, &c. ; (2) .bellied, protuberant ; (3) -cutter,
a straw or hay-cutter; (4) -house, a compartment con-
nected with a corn-threshing machine, for receiving the
chaff as it leaves the fanners of the 'dighter' or winnower;
(5) -pile, a flake or fibre of chaff ; (6) -riddling, the custom
of riddling chaff on St. Mark's Eve for the purpose of
divining whether death be near to the augurs or their
friends. See Ash-riddle.
(i) e.Fif. She was ta'en up fillin' her caflf bed, Latto Tam
Bodkin ,1864) iii. Slk. A plaid, parritch, and a cauft'-bed, Chr.
North Nodes (ed. 1856) II. 49. N.Cy.' Nhb. Scrimp meals, caflf-
beds, and dairns, Thompson New Keel Roiv (1812) ; Nhb.' Cum.,
Wm. (M.P.^ Wm. If ye want a caff bed fullin' ye've nowt ta
deea but riddle o' t'calf ye want (B.K.). (2) n.Yks.2 (3) Nhb.'
(4) Per. Ye were ower-by sittin' in the cauf-hoose yersel laist
week. Ian Maclaren Aidd Lang Syne (1895) 323. Nhb.' {5)
Nhb. The coo's gelten a caff-pile on its eye (R.O.H.). (6) n.Yks.'
The riddle is filled with chaff, the scene of operations being the
barn floor with both barn-doors set wide open; the hour is mid-
night or just before, and each person of the party takes the riddle
in succession and riddles the contents. The appearance of a funeral
procession, or even of persons simply bearing a coffin, is a certain
augury of death, either to the then riddler himself, or some one
near to him ; n.Yks.^ If nothing portentous appears or takes
place, there is longer life in the case.
[1. Quhy the corn hes the cafi', Douglas Eneados (1513),
ed. 1874, III. 147 ; We sail drife thaim fra vs, as cafe fra
corne, Hampole Ps. (c. 1330J xliii. 7. OE. (AngUan) caf,
WS. ceaf, chair.]
CAFF, sb.'^ Cor. Refuse, rubbish of any kind ; esp.
refuse or unsaleable fish. Cf cafBe, v.^
Cor. The bruised and small pilchards being deemed unfit for
market are rejected and called caff, Marshall Review (1817) V.
539; Cor.' 2
CAFF, i;.' Yks. [kaf.] To chafe ; to jeer, provoke,
make fun of.
n.Yks.2 They catTd him. w.Yks. De kaft im Dbiit it (J.W.).
[OFr. (Picard) calfer, caiifiT, Fr. chauffer, to warm, to
excite, to chafe ; see Hatzkeld.]
CAFF, sb.^ and v.'- Wor. Shr. Also in form kerf
w.Wor.'
1. sb. A hoe, instrument for hoeing and earthing up
potatoes. Cf kibe. w.Wor.', Shr.'
2. V. To hoe ; to clean and earth up potatoes.
w.Wor.' Hops are caffed, potatoes kerfed. Shr.'
CAFF, v.^ and sA.* Yks. Also written kaff w.Yks.
[kaf.]
1. V. To lose courage, be daunted, turn coward.
n.Yks.= He caffd. m.Yks.' w.Yks. He caffed on it (J.R.);
When a man's spirits fail, he is said to kaff of anything, Hamilton
Nugae Lit. (1841) 357 ; Leeds Merc. Siippt. (Feb. 9, 18841 8 ; w.Yks.^
Hence (i) Caff-hearted, {2) Caffy, (3) Caft, adj. faint-
hearted, timid, cowardly; of a worthless, mean disposition.
(I) n.Yks. Thou's caff-hearted (R.H.H.) ; n.Yks.'^ ne.Yks.'
In fairly common use. They're nobbut caff-hearted uns ; they
seean gav ower. e.Yks.', m.Yks.' (2) n.Yks. ^ e.Yks.' Ah
yance went ti choch ti get wed bud Ah ton'd caffy aboot it. (3)
w.Yks. ScATCHEKD Hist. Morlcy (,1830) 168, ed. 1874.
2. To break a resolution, run off a bargain, journey, &:c.;
to shy at.
w.Yks. T'first body 'at ahr Lily caft at was mi aunt Mary (B.K.^;
(J.T.) ; (JR.) ; w.Yks.' ; w.Yks.^ He wur to goa wi' me to Don-
kester at one time bud he caff'd on't. 'Thah luke's blue — is tub
caffing on't?' ' Naa, av caffd on't long sin'.'
3. sb. A coward. w.Yks. (B.K.) ; (S.K.C.)
CAFF-, see Cave, Chaft.
CAFFIN, sb. Hmp. Also written cavin Hmp.' The
long-tailed titmouse, Acredttla rosea.
Hmp.' Known throughout the New Forest as the long-tailed
caffin or cavin, Wise Neiv Forest (1883) 308.
CAFFDJCHER, sb. Sur. Sus. The chaffinch, Frmgilla
coeli'bs. s.Sur. (T.T.C.), Sus.'
CAFFINDER, see Cafender.
CAFFING, see Caving.
CAFFLE, V.' and s6.' Wm. Yks. Not. Lin. Nhp. War.
Gmg. Pem. e.An. Cor. [ka-fl, kaefl.]
L V. To cavil, quarrel, wrangle.
Midi. In common use, N. & Q. (1886) 7th S. i. 153. Not.' In
common use. ' 'A stud there afHing and cafHing for 'aaf an hour."
Gen. used with ' affling,' though not always. 'Affling' is never
used without 'cafHing.' s.Lin. (T.H.R.), Nhp.'2 War.3 Don't
you children caffle so.
Hence Cafiling, ppl. adj. quarrelsome.
War.^ A disagreeable cafBing fellow.
2. To prevaricate, argue, haggle ; to ' shilly-shally.'
Yks. Now then, either come in or go out; don't stand baffling
and caffling there. A'. Ct' Q. (1886) 7th S. i. 153. n.Lin. An' he
cafHes, an' slews, an' weant saay nowt stright oot aboot munny.
Peacock Taales (1889) 38; (E.S.) ; n.Lin' He caffled a bit when
he was afoore th' magistrates, bud it were to noa good. sw.Lin.'
Are we going to caffle over it in any form ?
Hence (i) Caffler, sb. a shuffler, excuse maker; (2)
CafBing, (a) vbl. sb. hesitating, 'shilly-shallying'; (1^) ppl.
adj. prevaricating, excusing.
(i) w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 30, 1892) ; w.Yks.^ (2) Lin.
Mr. W — , alter some caffling, declared he did not say so and so,
N. & O. (1886) 7th S. i. 67. e.An.' (i) Wm. Thoos leein'. Ah
know Thoos leein', bi thi varra cafllin' way (B.K ). sw.Lin.' Any
sort of caffling tale.
3. To cheat in a game.
Gmg. Children say ' Cafflings always come to provings' (J.Y.E.).
4. To change one's mind, go back from a promise or
bargain ; to decline a contest.
w.Yks. Tha'rt nivver bahn to caffle on't (J.J.B.) ; Neither snowr
nor rain could prevent him from going, for he hated caffling.
Memoir Rev. J. Gregory (1876) 25 ; I've caffled about it. Obsol.,
Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 3, 1891). Cor.*
5. To gossip and make mischief.
w.Yks. (B.K.) ; Sike cafflin' deed as niwer was (A.C.).
6. sb. An argument ; misunderstanding, disagreement.
e.Yks. An either some caffle, conthrahvin, an talkin, They varry
seean manidged ti mak up a mawkin, Nicholson Plk-Sp. 11889)
39. s.Pem. There is a tremendews caffle there with am (W.M.M.).
[Cp. MHG. kebeln, keffeln, kevekn, to quarrel (Lexer,
S.v. Kibelen).']
CAFFLE, v.'^ and s6.= Yks. Lan. Lin. Wor. Hrf. Pem.
Written caffel Lan.' n.Lan.' ; kaffle ne.Lan.' [ka-fl,
kae-fl.]
1. V. To entangle.
Lan.', n.Lan.', ne.Lan.' n.Lin.' You've caffled them cottons
togither shaameful. Wor. (J.R.W.)
2. Fig. To perplex, entangle a person in conversation.
w.Yks. (B.K.) ; Hutton Tour to Caves (1781). ne.Lan.'
CAFFLE
[485]
CAGGLE
3. sb. A ravel of silk or worsted ; a tangle.
Hrf.2 Pem. My hair's all of a cafflc (E. D. \
CAFFLE, v.^ Cor. Also in form scafRe Cor.^ [kafl.]
1. To deal in ' caff' or rubbish, esp. unsaleable fish.
See Caff, sb.' Cor. (M.A.C.); Cor.*
Hence Cafiier, sb. a dealer in rubbish.
Cor. He is a caSlcr, he is ; he has often cafBed me before and
made me buy worthless things (M.A.C.).
2. In phr. To cafflc pilchards, to pick up those pilchards
that fall over the basket ; the privilege of the bystanders.
w.Cor. (M.A.C.)
CAFFLING, />/>/. adj. Yks. [kaflin.] Puny, weak,
delicate ; nervous, timid. See Cafif, v?
n.Yks. Heard only about Malton (R.H.H.). w.Yks. (B.K.) ;
w.Yks.2 He's a caffling child.
CAG, sb> Sc. Nhb. Yks. Wil. Dor. Cor. Written kag
Nhb.' Cor.*; kaig Wil. Also in form caggie Sc.
1. A small cask, keg.
Sc. A huge cag of butter, Scott Midlothian (1818) xlv. e.Fif.
Sullivan, wha had been despatched to St. Andrews wi' the caggies
o' brandy, Latto Tatn Bodkin (^1864) viii. Nhb.^ Sandy the
Cobbler, whose belly's as round as a kag, Sng. e.Yks.' Wil.
Slow CI. (1892). Dor. A kag o' poor aunt's meade astaniien by,
Barnes Poems (1879) 75.
2. The keg or cask in which miners take their drinking
water underground. Cor.*
[1. Cag of sturgeon, a barrel, or vessel that contains
from four to five gallons, Phillips (1706) ; Caqurt, a cag ;
... (a barrel, or vessel, wherein salt meats, pitch, rosen,
&c., are usually carried, or kept), Cotgr. ON. kaggi, a
CAG, si.' Yks. Chs. Not. Lin. Nhp. War. Shr. Mtg.
Ess. Som. Written keg- Not' Lin.' [kag, kaeg, keg.]
1. Bad or inferior meat, carrion. Cf. cag-mag, 56.^2. Not.
(J.H.B.); w.Som.'
Hence (i) Caggy, adj. Of meat : tainted ; (2) Cagment,
sb. fig. applied to persons who are disreputable in any
way ; (3) Keggy, sb. decaying vegetables or food.
(I I Ess. (S.P.H.) (2) m.Yks.i (31 Not.i, Lin.l
2. Coinp. (i) Cag.butcher, one who buys diseased meat,
or animals that have died a natural death, for the purpose
of selling as ordinary meat; a horse-slaughterer; (2)
•meat, inferior or diseased meat.
(i) s.Chs. (T.D.), War.2, Shr.' w.Som.l Kag-bdoch'ur. (2)
Mtg. Butchers who sell half-fed or diseased meat are called cag-
meat butchers (E.R.M.).
3. Any old wrinkled female, as an old woman, cow, ewe.
Nhp.' An old cagg.
CAG, v} Sh.I. Yks. War. Won I.W. Som. Dev. Cor.
Slang. Written kagg S. & Ork.' ; keg n.Yks.'^ m.Yks.'
[kag, kaeg, keg.]
1. To annoy, vex, insult, give sharp offence ; to grieve.
S. & Ork.', m.Yks.' w.Wor. Her be alloys a caggin him, like a
oud jay at a owl, Wor. Jm. : Mar. 3. 1888 1. IiW.^ I've ben and
tagged en now, 1 louz. Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). Dev. He was
cagg'd wi I, PuLMAN Sketches (1842 1 82, ed. 1871. Slang. [At
Westminster School] Pray do not eag Home Took \sic\ for the sake
of the debates, Southey Lett. (1801) I. 149, ed. 1856.
Hence (i) Cagged, pp. annoyed, vexed, offended;
grieved ; (2) Caggy, adj. ill-tempered, ready to quarrel,
splenetic.
(i) S. & Ork.', n.Vka.>2, Cor.aS (2) n.Yks.' 2
2. To chatter, gossip. Cf. cag-mag, sb}
War.2 w.Wor. A naggin' an' a caggin' orl daay long, S. Beau-
CHAMP A'. Hamilton ' 1875) I. 127.
CAG, V?- Lei. Nhp. Shr. Mtg. Also written kag Lei.'
1. To crawl, move slowly.
Lei.' Ah cain't 'ardly tag about. Nlip.*
2. To idle, potter about, do odd jobs.
Lei.' Shr., Mtg. I go kagging about the roads on a pony(M.H.C.).
CAG, see Kag.
CAGE, sb. Var. dial. Uses in Eng.
1. The frame of iron in a coal-pit, which works between
shdes in a shaft, and in which the tubs of coal and work-
men are lowered into the pit and brought to the surface.
Nhb.' The cage in its modern form consists of three or four
stories or stages, into each of which two tubs are run. Nhb., Dnr.
Greenwell Coal Tr. Gl. (1849). e.Dur.', w.Yks. (C.V.C. 1
2. CoiHp. (i) Cage-chains, the chains connecting the
cage to the winding-rope ; (2) -cover, the sheet-iron roof
to protect the workmen in going up and down in the
cage; (3) -hole, the place where the cage stands at the
shaft bottom ; (4) -shoes, the part of the cage made to fix
on to the guides or conductors to steady it when running
in the shaft ; (5) -sneck, a movable part of the cage by
which the tubs are kept in place during their passage in
the shaft ; (6) -top, see -cover.
(i) Nhb.' The whole structure is slung from the winding-rope
attachment by cage-chains, which are united by a large centre link
from which they depend to the attachment at each corner of the
cage. Nhb., Dnr. Nicholson Coal Tr. Gl (1888 . (21 Nhb.'
Nhb., Dur. Nicholson Coal Tr. Gl. (1888). (3) Nhb.' At the
bottom of the shaft, the structure descends into the ' cage-hole,'
where its various stages are relieved in turn of the empty tubs,
and refilled with laden ones. Nhb., Dur. Nicholson ib. (4)
Nhb.' The ascending and descending cages are steadied by cage-
shoes, which clasp the 'guides* at each side. Nhb., Dur. Nicholson
ib. (5) Nhb.' The tubs are held in their places by the ' sneck,' a
simple bolt passing through the top of each floor, with projecting
revolving catches at each end, which are turned down as the tubs
are passed on. Nhb., Dur. Nicholson ib.
3. A fence, such as is put round a young tree or a
well.
n.Lin. It's a oppen well, wi'oot a caage roond it. Peacock Tales
and Rhymes (1886) 62. s.Lin. ^T.H.R.)
4. A squirrel's nest, a ' dray.'
Hmp. Wise New Forest (1883J 282 (s.v. Dray); Very common
(TL.O.D.).
5. A set, esp. in phr. a cage of teeth, a set of teeth whether
natural or artificial.
w.Som.' Wuul ! dhee-s u-gaut* u geod kee'uj u tai-dh, shoa-ur
nuuf [Well ! thou hast a good set of teeth, sure enough]. Ez ut
triie", zr, eens kn ae-u u niie* kee'uj u-puut een ? [Is it true, sir,
that (one) can have a new cage put in ?] Dev. Repoiis Provinc.
(1877) 128. Cor.' She has a beautiful cage of teeth ; Cor.^
6. In phr. (i) a cage of bells, {a} a set or peal of bells, the
frame in which the bells are hung ; {b) a set of bells,
usually four in number, mounted on the heads of horses ;
(2) a cage of bones, a skeleton.
(I, a) n.Dev. Said of a church : ' It has a fine cage of bells,'
N. fr Q. (i860) 2nd S. .X. 66. nw.Dev. iR P.C.) yb\ nw.Dev.
Obs. (R.P.C.) (2) Cor. Thomas Raiidigal Rhymes (18951 Gl.; A
very thin person is often described as a cage of bones 1 M,.\.C. ).
7. A place of call where men are taken on at the Docks.
Lon. Gl. Lab. (1894).
CAGEL, see Caggie, v}
CAGERY, adj. Dev. [Not known to our correspon-
dents.] Tricky.
s.Dev. A certain man was recommended to be employed at
piece-work, as he was ' pretty cagery ' at day-work. Reports
Provinc. (1883) 83.
CAGEY, see Cadgy.
CAGGED, pp. Cor. [kaegd.] Caked, ingrained. Cf.
caggy.
Cor, Thy nuddick's cagged with dirt, Thomas Randigal Rhymes
(1695) 22 ; Cor.3 Common.
CAGGLE, V.' Chs. Stf. Shr. Written cagel Stf.' ;
kaggle Shr.' ; also in form kaggow s.Chs.'
1. To harrow, esp. to harrow over a rough fallow or to
break new ground.
s.Chs.' Dhai waan-tn yu goa- Diitnz fur l^eild dhu fost os ; dhi
bin g6o*in ky'aag'u i^dhu Chek'ur fcyld [They wanten yO go
Dutton's for leead the fost boss ; they bin gooin kaggow i' the
Chequer feyld]. Stf. (K.) ; Stf.' [Ray (1691) iWS. orfrf. (J.C]
2. Fig. To Struggle to keep up and make the best of
circumstances.
Shr.' 'Ow dun'ee manage, 60th the ruflf raTnin' in so bad ? —
Well, we bin obleeged to kagl on some'ow— we 'ad'n to pool the
bed out, an' put the cooler to ketch it.
CAGGLE, I/.* Lin. [ka-gL] To stick together; to
coagulate.
n.Lin.' The drain of a sink being stopped, the maid servant
explained that ' it's th' hard waiter, th' soap an' things that caggies
all together.'
CAGGY
[486]
CAILEY
, CAGGY, adj. Chs. [ka'gi.] Sticky. Cf. cagged, pp.
Chs.' Wheat that was ground too new was described as ' caggy
and damp, like.'
CAGGY, see Keggy.
CAGHANDED, see Keckhanded.
CAGIE, see Cadgy.
CAGION, see Casion.
CAGMAG, sb} and v} Lan. Chs. Not. War. Wor. Glo.
e.An. Ken. Dev. Also in forms cack-mag (Hall.); keck-
meg Lan.'; keg-meg Clis.' Not.- Ken.' [ka'g-mag,
ke-g-meg.]
1. sb. A gossip, newsmonger ; a pert, meddling woman
or girl. See Cag, v} 2.
Lan.l Chs.' Howd thi tongue, tha keg-meg, thy tongue's alius
ready. War. (J.R.W.) ; War.^ Her's a regular cag-mag. Ken.'
2. A quarrelsome person.
Dev.3 Emma Tapp is a brave ol' cagmeg, 'er can't live paysible
wi' nobody. The ofTending party is gcti. a woman. I never heard
a man spoken of as a ' cagraag.' nw.Dev. Her's a proper cag mag
(R.P.C.).
3. Chatter, idle talk; an unsettled argument. Not.^,
e.An. (Hall.)
4. A practical joke, mischief.
n.Dev. Now don't you boys get up to any cag-mags (F.A.A.).
nw.Dev. He's always up to some cag-mag or t'other (R.P.C.).
5. A fix, hobble.
nw.Dev. He'th a-got into a regular cag-mag— can't go vore nor
back (R.P.C.).
6. V. To ' nag,' grumble at ; to speak abusively, quarrel.
w.Wor.i It's on'y them two owd critters upsta'rs a cagmaggin'
like thaay alius be. se.Wor. ', s.Wor.', Glo.'
CAG-MAG, s6.2 and (7(y/'. Var. dial. uses. Also in forms
keg-meg Nhb.' w.Yks.^ Chs.' Not.' n.Lin.' sw.Lin.'; kek-
mek Chs.' [ka'g-mag, keg-meg.]
1. sb. A tough old goose, not fit for eating ; an inferior
breed of sheep.
Sc. Pennant Towr (1769') App. 9. N.Cy.' Nhb. The old '"geese]
are called cagmags, and are bought only by novices in market-
making, Bewick Birds (1804) II.30Z ; Nhb.', Lin.' n.Lin. That oud
cagmag o' thine '11 be as tifl'as boot-leather, when it cums to killin'
on her. Peacock Taales (.1889) 118; n.Lin.' Hmp. Hollovvay.
Cor.2
2. Tough, inferior meat; carrion. Also used a/fr/i. See
Cag, sb?-
N.Cy.', Nhb.i, e.Yks.' w.Yks. (J.I^.); w.Yks.2 Chs. Sheaf
(18781 I. 22. s.Chs.i Dha mee't iiz wi aad' fur eet wQz nuwt bu
ky'aag maag [The meat as we had for eat was nowt bu' cagmag].
s.Stf. Astid o" prime jints, we'm glad now of a dinner off cagmag,
PiNNOCK Blk. Cy. Ann. (1895). Not. (W.H.S.) ; Not', n.Lin.',
Lei.', Nhp. ', War.^, w.Wor.i Shr.' I conna ate sich cag-mag as
that ; it met do fur a dog, but it inna fit fur a Christian. Hrf.2
Glo.' A cagmag butcher is one who slaughters ' dead ' meat. Lon.
I hain't no need to horniraent my blocks wi' cag-mag, Sunday
Mag. (1877) 108. I.W.2 Dor. I wou'den have sich cag-mag in a
gift, Barnes Gl. (1863). WiL Slow Gl. (1892) ; WiLi nw.Dev.'
Food which one does not relish or care to eat, not bad meat or
carrion. Cor. 2
3. Bad, unwholesome food; refuse of any kind, anything
valueless, worthless.
n.Yks. She'd t'impedence te cum an' ax mah if Ah wad buy an
awd cagmag of a silk gown, TweddEll Clevcl. Rhymes (1875) 37.
ra.Yks.' w.Yks. An injudicious or repulsive incorporation of foods
would be termed Kag-mag, Leeds Merc. Siififil. (June 23, 1894).
s.Chs.' Chiik au' dhaat' ky'aag-maag upu)th mik'sn [Chuck aw
that cagmag upo' th' mixen]. Not.' n.Lin. Sutton JVds. (1881) ;
n.Lin.' I wo'dn't eat sich keg-meg, it isn't fit for dog meat.
sw.Lin.' I can't call it nowt but kegmeg. Lon. Dy. Aews (.July
22, 1892). Cor. (F.R.C.)
Hence Cagmagly, adj. worthless. n.Lin. (M.P.)
4. A term of opprobrium applied to persons, a loose
character, disreputable old woman; a simpleton, 'noodle.'
e.Yks. He's nobbut a cag-mag sooart of a chap, at'll nivver cum
tiv a good end (J.N.) ; e.Yks.' D'ye think Ah wad be seen wiv
an awd cag mag like that ? s.Chs.' Y6 cagmag, y6. Suf. (F.H.) ;
He's only a poor cag-mag of a fellow (C.G.B.).
5. adj. Inferior, spurious; coarse, mongrel bred.
War. (J.R.W.) Lon. It's no use a publican trying to gammon
us with any of his cag-mag stuff, Mayhew Z.oh(/. Labour {1851)
III. 253, ed. 1861. I.W.i He's a gurt zote, cagmag zort of a fellur ;
LW.2 Tes a gurt cagmag sort o' boss. Som. Sweetman Win-
canton Gl. (1885).
6. Squeamish, dainty about one's food.
Chs.' Hoo winner ate her pobs winner er? by leddy, wi'n ave
for t' gi' her cakes an wine hoo's getten so kek-mek wi her atin.
CAG-MAG, v.'^ Yks. Not. [ka-g-mag, ke-g-meg.]
1. To loaf, loiter about.
e.Yks. In common use. Ah wadn't cag-mag aboot wiv 'ira, if Ah
was tlioo ; he's neeah sooart of a mak for thoo (J.N.); e.Yks.' He
gav up his awn thrade an noo gans cag-maggin aboot cunthry like
nceabody.
2. To keep company, pay addresses to, court. Not.'
CAG-MARL, sb. Chs.' Marl that is not shaly, but
tenacious. Cf caggy.
CAHEEING, vbl. sb. ne.Lan.' [Not known to our
correspondents.] Loud laughter.
CAHL, see Coul, Kyle.
CAHNSER, see Caunsey.
CAHOW, lilt. Abd. (Jam.) The cry used at 'hide-
and-seek' by those who hide themselves, as announcing
that it is time for the seeker to commence his search.
CAHR, see Cower.
CARRY, see Car, adj.
CAIB, sb. Sth. (Jam.) The iron employed in making
a spade.
[Gael, ceaba (gen. ceibe), the iron part of a spade or
other implement for digging or turning up the ground
(Macleod & Dewar).]
CAICE, see Case.
CAICH. see Cadge, v.^
CAIDGIE, CAIDGY, see Cadgy.
CAIF, adj. Rxb. (Jam.) Also written kaif. Familiar.
CAIGERED,/A S.&Ork.' Entangled. Cf cadge. J'.^
CAIGH, sb. So. (Jam.) In phr. Caigh and care, anxiety
of every kind.
Enf. Your caigh and care ahint you fling. Poems (1794) 97.
CAIGY, see Cadgy.
CAIKIE, see Cakey.
CAIL, v> Yks. Lan. Shr. Mtg. e.An. Also written
cale ne.Lan.' Suf. ; kail w.Yks. ; kale Shr.' [kel.]
1. To throw, pelt ; to throw weakly.
w.Yks. HuTTON Tonr to Caves (1781). ne.Lan.' e.An.' A boy
throws a stone, a mauther cails it. Nrf. Grose 1790) ; The boys
cail stones, CozENS-HARDYiJ^o«rfA'»/ (,1893)5; You young willain,
what are you hulling and calling them there stuns about for?
(W.R.E.) ; Nrf.' A cail'd a stone right at my hid. Suf. Cullum
Hist. Hawsted (1813) ; He's allust a cailin (C.T.) ; Herea mauther
never 'cales' a stone, but ' kops' it (F.H.) ; Suf.'
2. Of a cart, &c. : to tilt up or turn over in order to dis-
charge a load.
Shr.' W'en Dick brings the nex' tumbril loado' turmits, tell 'im
to kayle 'em up i' the orchut fur them yeows. Mtg. He called the
load of hay over (E.R.M.).
3. To move awkwardly and uncertainly; to gambol,
throw out the heels like a colt.
e.An.' Kicking and calling.
4. With adv. along: to fly low. Suf. (F.H.)
CAIL, I'.* Yks. Also written cayl, kaile w.Yks.'^
[kel.] To be in poor health, to sufiisr.
w.Yks.° Miss Julie was alwaj'S cayllng.
Hence Cailing, ppl. adj. ailing, weakly.
w.Yks. Yks. N. &- Q. (1888) II. 109; w.Yks.8
CAIL, see Kail.
CAILEY, sb. and v. Irel. Also written caley, cayley,
caillyea, kaly, kaley, kailyee. [keli.]
1. sb. A call, friendly visit, chat, gossip among neigh-
bours.
Ir. As he came over on his kailyee, Carleton Traits Peas.
(1843) 49. N.I.' Cav. I made a kaley in Mrs. Brady's and heard
the news (M.S.M.). lUea., Dub., Kid. To go on caley [to go about
gossiping] (G.M.H.).
2. V. To chat, gossip.
Ant. Ballymena Ubs. (1892). Dwn. (C.H.W.)
[Ir. ceilidh, a visiting (O'Reilly) ; Gael. ceilid/i, a gossip-
ing visit or meeting (Macbainj.]
CAILLEACH
[487]
CAITIFF
CAILLEACH, sb. Sc. Ircl. Also written caillach Sc. ;
calliagh s.Don. ; caliagh N.I.'; collioch, collough Ir.
1. An old woman.
Sc. However, some caillachs that were about Donald's haml,
nursed Gilliewhackit, Scorr JVaveiUy (1814') xviii. Inv. (H.F. )
Ir. The ' colloughs ' (old women) soon cured their flesh-wounds
and broken limbs, Barrington Sketches (1830) I. ii. w.Ir. There
was a certain collioch who was an extensive dealer in the marvel-
lous, Lover Leg. (1848) II. 484.
2. Stalks of standing corn plaited together and used at
the festivity of the harvest-home. Cf. granny.
S.Don. Simmons Gl. (1890).
3. A potato of more than a year old.
N.I.i Probably from its wrinkled appearance. Ant. When
raising potatoes, an old one of a previous year's growth occasionally
turns up, which is called a calliagh, Ballyineua Obs. (1892).
[1. Ir. & Gael, cailleach, an old woman, nun ; Olr.
caillech, 'veiled one,' der. oi caille. veil (Macbain).]
CAIM, V. Stf.' Shr.' Also written kame Shr.' [kem.]
To mock, make loud noises in derision.
CAIM-, see Cam-.
CAIN, V. Yks. Lan. Also written cane, kane, keean
n.Yks.' [ken, n.Yks. kisn.] To form a scum or ' head,'
as liquor in a state of fermentation. See Calm, sb}
n.Yks.»
Hence (i) Cained, ppl. adj. having a scum or ' mother ' ;
(2) Canes (keeans), sb. a white scum on fermented ale,
sour milk, &c.
(i) w.Yks. Watson Hisl. Hlfx. (1775) 535 ; Leeds Merc. Siippl.
(Mar. I, 1884) 8; w.Yks.' 3 ne.Lan.' ^2) n.Yks.'
[Caned, acidiis. Canynge of ale, acor, Cath. Aug!. (1483).
Cf. MLG. kdm, also kdn, mould on fermented liquor
(Schiller & Lubben) ; G. kaJim, also kahn.l
CAIN, see Ken.
CAIN-AND-ABEL, sb. fhr. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Wil.
(i) Orchis Hiascula, purple orchis ; (2) O. latifolia ; (3) in
pi. Aqnilegia vulgaris, columbine.
(i) Nlib. Nature Notes, 9; Nhb.' (2) Sc, Nhb., Dur., Yks.
Science Gossip (1884) 94, 117. (3) slWiJ. I know this onl3' as in
use in a few localities, of which Farley is one. Children ' fight '
one columbine against another, taking alternate strokes, as with
bennets. The columbine that is first to be beheaded by a blow
loses the game (G.E.D.).
CAINGE, V. Nhb. Yks. Also written cainje n.Yks.* ;
cange N.Cy.' [kend?.] To whine, grumble, complain.
N.Cy.', Nhb.'
Hence (i) Caingel, sb., (2) Cainjer, sb. a cross, peevish
person ; (3) Cainjing, ppt. adj. peevish, ill-natured.
(i) n.Cy. Grose (1790); N.Cy.', Nhb.' n.Yks. Stand by, caingell;
let me crum um some bread, Meriton Praise Ale (1684) 1. 393.
(2, 3) n.Yks.2
[A back-formation fr. ME. can^tn (caitjim), a dwarf
(Hali M. 33), orig. a changeling, MLat. cainbio (Ducange) ;
Les canibioiis sont criards, ils sont fort pesants et fort
maigres (see Dumeril, s.v. Camjous). Cp. N.E.D. s.v.
Coiii^enn.]
CAINGE, see Cange.
CAINGY, adj. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Also
written cainjy n.Yks.'^ m.Yks.' ; kangy Cum. Wm. ;
kangyCum.3; kaingy N.Cy.' Nhb.'; keengy Nhb.'; and
in form kaingry Nhb. [kendgi.] Irritable, cross,
peevish, ill-tempered. See Cainge.
N.Cy.' Nhb. The kaingy awd cat left the lad but a shillin',
RoBsoN Siigs. Tyne (1849) 56 ; Me muthor's bairns gat kaingry
wiv us, RoBSON Siig. Sol. (1856) i. 6; Nhb.', Dur.' Cum. Gl.
(1851) ; Yet ne'er a kangy answer Roger gave, Gilpin
Pop. Poetry (i8-]$) 206. Wm. Gif she be kangy, and my profer
skworn, Ghaham Givordy (1778) I. 129. n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.^ As
cainjy and cankery as an ill-clepp'd cur; n.Yks.^ ne.Yks.' Gtii.
used of children. Thoo caingy lahtle thing; whist, wiya! m.Yks.'
CAIP, see Cape, sb.'^
CAIPERCAILLIE, see Capercailye.
CAIR, V. Sc. Also written kair Bnff.' [ker.] To
toss backwards and forwards ; to mix up ; to handle over-
much, stir about.
n.Sc. Children are said to cair any kind of food vvliich they take
with a spoon when they toss it to and fro in the dish. Cairin the
kail. If ye dinna kair, ye'll get nae thick (Jam.). Bnflf.' To
separate the broken pieces of straw from oats, barley, &c., by
throwing the mixture over the hands and retaining the straw in
the hands. He kairt the clover an' girs-seed through ither.
Hence (i) Kair, sb. much handling; (2) Kairan, vbl.sb.
the acts of tossing backwards and forwards, mixing up,
handling over-much.
Bnfif.' He keeps an unco kair amon' that bits o' paipers o' bis.
[ON. kcyra, to fling, toss.]
CAIR, see Car, adj.
CAIRBAN,s6. Sc. (Jam.) Also in form carbin. The
basking shark, Squalus maximtis. Cf. brigda. See also
Carfin.
w.Sc. On the w. coast it [the basking shark] is well known by
the names of sail-fish and cairban, Neill Fishes (1810) 26.
[Gael, cairbein (also cearban), a sail-fish, basking shark
(Macleod & Dewar). Ir. cairblian (O'Reilly).]
CAIRD, sb. Sc. Nhb. Also written kaird Abd. ; card
Sc. n.Cy. [kerd.] A travelling tinker; a gypsy, tramp,
sturdy beggar.
Sc. Heh ! sirs, what cairds and tinklers An' ne'er-do-weel horsc-
coupers, Fergusson Poems (1789) II. 27 (Jam.); The tribes of
gipsies, jockeys, or cairds — for by all these denominations such
banditti were known, Scott Guy M. (1815") vii ; An' death, that
ruthless caird, Donald Poems (1867) 7 ; Some caird body travellin'
about the country, Roy Horseman's IVd. (1895) iii ; The beggars
o' Benshie, The cairds o' Lour, Chambers Pop. Rhymes { 1870)
264. Abd. What means that coat ye carry on your back ? Ye
maun, I ween, unto the kairds belong, Ross Helmore (1768) 72,
ed. 1812; A set o' cairds rinkin about the pumphel, Alexander
Johmiy Gibb (1871) xxxv. Kcd. He cudna shawn it less respec'
Though it hed been a caird's. Grant Lays (1884) 28. Arg. Fish
. . . bonny for earl or caird, Munro Pibroch (,1896) 99. Ayr. Her
charms had struck a sturdy caird. Burns Jolly Beggars (17851 st.
40. Gall. Set a caird on a cuisser an' he'll ride to the Deevil,
Nicholson Hist. Tales (1843) 128; A set of wild cairds — cattle
reivers and murderers, Crockett Raiders (1894) 12. n.Cy.
Border Gl. {Coll. L.L.B.) Nhb.'
[Gael, ceard, a tinker, smith (Macleod & Dewar); cp.
Lat. cerdo, craftsman.]
CAIRD, see Card, %b}
CAIRED, pp. Ant. Covered.
Ant. Caired with snow ^W.H.P.^.
[The vb. cair (to cover) is due to a contracted form der.
fr. OFr. aiev-, the stressed base of covrir (mod. coiivrir).
See Kever.]
CAIRN, see Corn, Kairn.
CAIRN-TANGLE, sb. Sc. (Jam.) Also written cam-.
The fingered fucus, Fiicus digi'taliis.
Abd. The fucus with roots not unlike those of a large tree, cast
ashore on the beach after a storm at sea.
[Prob. fr. its growing on cairns (beds of stones) on the
sea-shore. See Tangle.]
CAIRNY, adj. Sc. [keTni.] Abounding with heaps
of stones.
Sc. The rose blooms gay on cairny brae, Tannahill Poems
(1807) 150.
CAIRSAY, see Kersey.
CAIRT, see Cart.
CAISE, sb. Yks. [kes.] Conimii maculatum, hem-
lock.
w.Yks. I have known the word all my life as used at Brig-
house among farmers (J.H.T.) ; Yks. N. &- Q. (1888) II. 109.
CAIT, see Coit.
CAITIFF, sb. Obs. Nhb. Yks. A cripple, one who
is deformed and helpless.
N.Cy.', Nhb.', e.Yks. (W.T.) w.Yks. Watson Hisl. Hlfx.
(1775) 535; w.Yks.' Poor lad, he'll be a caitiff all his life;
w.Yks.3*
[The same as ME. caitif, a wretched, miserable person.
To sorwe was she ful ententyf, That woful recchelees
caityf (la dolereuse, la chctivc), Chaucer R. Rose,^o. The
orig. sense of caili/ was captive. The deuyl & his aungels
led vs caitifs (captiuos, Vulg.) in synne, Hampole Ps.
(c. 1330) cxxxvi. 3. OFr. (Picard) caitif, captive, weak,
miserable.]
CAITION
[488]
CAKKER
CAITION, see Caution.
CAIVINGS, see Cavings.
CAIZIE, sb. Sh.I. A fishing-boat. Sh.I. (Jam.),
S. & Ork.i
CAIZIE, see Cassie.
CAKE, sb} and v} Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also written cyek Nhb.^; keeak n.Yks." e.Yks.' ; kyaack
Abd. ; kyek Nlib.'
1. sb. Oatcake ; a thin, hard species of oatcake.
Abd. That's a bit o' the kilchie kyaaks, Alexander Johnny Gibb
(1871) viii. nw.Abd. There's ait kyaaks and bannocks tee, Goodwife
(1867) St. 7. Rnf. O weel I lo'e the land o' cakes. Where love and
freedom reign, Barr Poohs (1861)83. Ayr. Hear, land o' cakes, and
brither Scots, Burns Grose's Peregrinations (1789) St. i. Twd.
The oat-cake, known by the sole appellative of cake, is the gala
bread of the cottagers, Pennecuik Descr. Twcedd. (ed. 1815) 8g
(Jam.). Gall. The cake is thin and hard, the bannock soft and
thick (A.W.).
2. Wheaten bread; bread of any description.
Yks. Keek is wheaten bread ; brind being used for oat bread,
Ellis Pronunc. (1889) V. 391. n.Yks.^ When bread is high, the
housewife will let a cake or a loaf fall on the floor that the price
may lower. Yks. Men were about to search for the body of their
master with a loaf of cake and a candle, Baring-Gould Pennyqks.
(1870) 88, ed. 1890. w.Yks.(E.G.) ; Etten cake's sooin forgotten,
Prov. (S.K.C.)
3. Bread baked on the sole, not in a tin ; bread made
into a flat shape.
Ir. I seen where there was a big cake of griddle-bread. Barlow
/.isfOHHf/ (1895) 60. n.Lin.l, sw.Lin.', w.Som.l
4. Comp. (i) Cake-bail, a tin or pan in which a cake is
baked; (2) -bread, (a) bread of fine quahty made of flour
such as cakes are made of; (b) bread made of rye and
barley, baked on a 'girdle' overthe fire; (3) -coupings, an
interchange of social or tea visits ; (4) -creel, a rack at the
top of a kitchen to dry oatcakes; (5) -night. All Hallows'
Eve, when a cake is made for each member of the family;
(6) -spittle or -sprittle, (a) a thin wooden board used for
turning oatcakes on the 'bakestone' (q.v.) ; {b) pi. the
hands; (7) -swappings, see -coupings; (8) -toaster,
a rack made in the form of the letter A, used to brown
a cake before the fire.
(i) Ken. (P.M.); Ken.' (2, a) Lan. Kakebrayde un loafe brayde,
ScHOLES Tint Ganm'atile (I8$^) 14; ' Gi me a bit o' cake-bread,' as
distinguished from ' Gi me a bit o' loaf or 'loaf-bread' (S.W.>.
n.Lin.i (4) Cum. (M.P.) (3) n.Yks.'^ (4) N.Cy.i, Nhb.i (5)
w.Yks.So called at Ripon (Hall.) ; Brand Pop. Aniiq. (ed. 1849)
I. 392. (6, a) w.Yks. Theear they've na cake-sprittles, yo mind,
Nor levvin-kits, nor churns. Senior Smilliy Rhymes (1882) 41;
(C.V.C); w.Yks.2*, Der.i (i) w.Yks. But shu'd t'heaviest hands, or
raither cake spittels, iver I felt i' all my loife, Hallam Wadslcy
Jack (1866) viii. (7) n.Yks.2 (8) Nhb.i
5. In phr. (1) to have one's cake baked, to be comfortably
off, of independent means ; (2) to come out with the cakes,
ff;. to be silly, half-witted ; (3) to be kept to one's cake and
milk, to be kept within bounds, at a task, work, &c. ; (4)
that cake's all doiigk or duff, a proverbial expression
denoting that a project or undertaking has failed ; (5) it's
cake and pie to them, said of anything gratifying or profit-
able; (6) hard cake, said of anything hard to bear.
(i) n.Yks. (W.H.) w.Yks. A Wilsdcn woman vowed that no
man should have her daughter as a wife who hadn't his ' cake
baked,' Leeds Merc. Siippl. (Jan. 30, 1892) ; He can afford to be
independent, he's got his cake baked (H.L.). (2) s.Chs.* s.v.
Cakey. War.^ Put in with the bread, and pull'd out with the
cakes. w.Wor. I baynt such a horned fool as that. No, no ; if
you corned out wi' the cakes, I stopt in till the loaves, S. Beauchamp
Grantley Grange (1874) I. 76. (3) s.Chs. (T.D.), War.2 (4) s.Stf.
Directly I seed the expression o' his faice, 1 said — My cake's dull,
Pinnock C/*. Cy. ^HK. (1895). Nhp.l 'War.^ O, dear, O ! My
cake's all dough, And how to make it better I do not know, Flk-
rhyme. ne.Wor. Also expressed in the form 'that's a bad egg!'
(J.W.P.) se.Wor.i (5) n.Yks.^ (6) n.Lin.'
6. Linseed or other cakes used as food for cattle.
n.Lin.' sw.Lin.^ Some men run up a great caek bill their last
year.
7. Of hay : a layer cut from the rick. Cf clat.
Dev.^ Used throughout the county. nw.Dev.'
8. Honeycomb ; the combs in a wasp's nest. Chs.^
9. V. To feed cattle with linseed or cotton cake.
n.Lin.' I alus caake my yohs e' winter as well as th' hogs.
Hence Caking, ppl. adj. feeding with linseed cakes.
sw.Lin.' It was between caeking and fothering time.
10. To dry, harden, calcine ; to unite in a mass.
Ir. Which would cake the vital fluid in the veins, Carleton
Traits Peas. (1843) 134. n.Yks.^ Coals in the fire are 'caked to
a cinder.' e.Yks.' w.Yks. Small coals on a fire ' cake together,'
Banks IVItJId. IVds. (18651. Oxf.i The dirt's caked on, MS. add.
Hence (i) Caked,//, (a) hardened, compressed; (b)
twisted, entangled ; (2) Caking-coals, sb. coals of a
superior quality that 'cake' together when burning.
[i, a) n.Yks.2 (4) w.Yks. ( J.J.B.) (2) Nhb. The variety called
caking-coals, which melt in the fire, burn to a strong cinder in the
open air, and . . . produce very few ashes, Marshall Review
(1818) I. 19.
CAKE, sb.^ Not. Lin. Lei. War. Som. Dev. Cor.
Slang, [kek, keik.] A simpleton, fool, silly person.
Cf cakey.
Not.', s Not. (J.P.K.) Lin. Streatfeild Z.m. and Danes {i88^)
320. n.Lin.' He was a sore kai h'k, wo'dn't stir his-scn so much
as to maw his muther gress-plat. sw.Lin.' s.Lin. Ye great cake,
you, sittin over the fire all day (F.H.W.). Lei.', War.3 Som. Pray
'scuse my lawfin at it so. An doant call oi a keake, Frank Nine
Days (1879) 4. Dev.3 E's a rigler cake 'e is, dawn't knaw tuther
vrom which. Cor. He grows up a reg'Iar cake, . . . one side half
baked and t'other forgot to be turned. Parr Adam and Eve {1880)
I. 278 ; Cor.2 Slang. He's but a cake, and that 1 saw, Nairne Tales
(1790) 51, ed. 1824.
CAKE, t'.2 Nhb. Cum. Yks. Written kaik Cum.
[kek ] To cackle as a goose, or as a hen wanting to sit.
N.Cy.', Nhb.' Cum. Stuid kaikin' like a gezzlin', Lonsdale
Upshot{i8ii). n.Yks.'2 ne.Yks.i e. Yks. Geese cake, hens cackle,
Marshall Rur. Econ. (1788). m.Yks.', w.Yks.'
CAKE, see Calk.
CA'KER, see Calker.
CAKERS, see Keeker.
CAKEY, sh. and adj. Sc. Yks. Chs. Not. Lin War. Shr.
e.An. Written caikie Sc. (Jam.) ; caky w.Yks.* s.Clis.'
[keki, kei'ki.]
1. sb. A simpleton, soft, silly person. See Cake, sb.^
Feb. (Jam.) Chs.' Tha great cakey, thee; if thahasnagoneand
spilte aw th' job. s.Chs.' Ky'ai'ki. s.Not. You are a cakey to let
'im 'umbug yer like that ! (J.P.K.) -War. (J.R.W.) Nrf.A'. &Q.
(1869) 4th S. iv. 127.
2. adj. Silly, weak of intellect, idiotic.
w.Yks.* S.Chs.' Dhem laad-zu Robisunz un au-gofn u ky'ai'ki
look ubuwt um [Them lads o' Robison's han aw gotten a caky
lookabowt'em]. s.Lin. (T.H.R.) War. (J.R.W.) ; War.* Shr.'
Now then, whad's wrang wuth yo' ? Bin 'ee cryin' fur a biled
aip'ny, yo' cakey piece ? e.An.'
CAKING, vbl. sb. Yks. Der. Shr.
1. Obsol. A sort of gaming party, which the cottagers
sometimes got up as a speculation. See below.
Shr. Between harvest-time and Christmas a woman who pro-
posed to have a ' caking ' made a batch of small cakes from the
produce of her ' leasings ' [gleanings] and invited the neighbouring
farm-servants to play cards for these cakes which she sold to them.
She bought in the ' lost' cakes at the rate of three for twopence,
and resold them at the original price, one penny, to the losers.
She sometimes realized 8 or 10 shillings, and then considered
herself to have had ' a right good cakin'.' The practice of ' caking '
is now [1871] fast dying out, Burne Flk-Lore (1883) 473.
2. In phr. to go a-caking, the custom on All Saints' Day
of poor women and children begging for cakes at the
houses of the well-to-do.
D;r.' They cry—' A cake, a cake, for All Souls' sake.' House-
keepers formerly baked small loaves for the children, and [some]
somewhat larger for the mothers ; but at present this dole, to save
trouble, is given in money.
3. Comp. Caking-day, Nov. 2, All Souls' Day; also
St. Thomas' Day, when children go round begging for
cakes.
w.Yks. Tho' months o' cakein' days we've seen. Senior Sini/hv
Rhymes (1882I 46 ; Leeds Merc. Suppl. (Jan. 30, 1892) ; w.Yks.*
Boys went round about this time asking for cakes.
CAKKER, see Calker.
CAKUM
[489]
CALEY
CAKUM, sb. Cum.' [Not known to our correspon-
dents.] A foolish person. See Cake, sb.^
CAL, s6.' Cor.'" Also written caul Cor.^ ; gal, kal
Cor.* MS. aM. [ka;l.] Tungstate of iron. Also called
wild iron (q.v.).
Cor. Sometimes applied to Wolfram and Gossan found on the
backs of lode, Weale.
CAL, si.» Cor. [ksel.] A liar.
Cor.3 Used larely. It implies intensity of lying. w.Cor. There
are a fine lot of eals in the town M A.C.).
[OCor. cal, cunning, slj' (Williams).]
CALAMANCO, sb. Sc. (Jam. Sttppt.) Dur. Wm. Lan.
Chs. War. Slir. e.An. Written calaniinca Shr.' : cali-
nianco Sc. (Jam. Siippl.) e.An.' Nrf.' ; callamanco War.* ;
callimanco e.Lan.' ; callimanky Dun' ; kalamanca Lan.
1. A woollen stuff, glossy on the surface and woven so
that the pattern is seen only on one side. Also used
altrih.
Dur.* Wm. We thout it \'arra mensful to hev ... a gud calimanco
or camlet gown, Wheeler Dial. (1790) 21, ed. 1821. e.Lan.'
e.An.* The surface of calimanco shines somewhat like satin.
2. Coiup. Calamanco-cat, a tortoiseshell cat.
Lan. /V. & O. 1877 5th S. viii. 349. e.Lan.', Ctis.', e.An.', Nrf.l
3. A house of half timber and plaster.
War. 3 The mansion was of plaster, striped vj'iih timber, not
unaptly called callamanco work, SpO}iirig Mug. (Oct. 1797) 51.
4. A red shale, a mixture of red and yellow clay, marl,
and sand. Shr.'
[1. A gay calamanco waistcoat. Taller C1709) No. 96;
Boccasiii, boccasin, also the callimanco (Cotgr.). Cp. G.
kalnmnk (kalamank), ein nur auf einer Seite rechtes
Wolienzeng, theils einfarbig, theils gcblumt, theils ge-
streift (Sa.nders).]
CALAMY, sb. Obs. Der. The ore of zinc, calamine ;
Lapis ca/ciniiiian's.
Der. Calamy Cupel then at Randum's call, Furness Medicus
(I836^ 49 ; Der.'
CALAVINE, see Keelyvine.
CALAW, see Caloo.
CALCALARY, sb. Dev." (i) Cypiipedium calceoliis,
lad3''s slipper ; (2) Scabiosa an'ensis, field scabious.
CALCAR, s6. Cor.'* (1) The lesser weever, or sting-
fish, Trachiiius vipera; (2) The lance-fish, Aiiiiuociyles
Tobiaiius.
CALCHEN, sb. Abd. (Jam.) fka-lxan.] A square
wooden frame, with ribs across it in the form of a gridiron,
on which candle-fir (q.v.) is dried in the chimney.
CALCIE, see Causey.
CALD, see Cold.
CALDAR, sb. Lan. An upright memorial stone ; also
used aiirib.
Lan. The Ordnance map of Lan. indicates the locality of some
ten or twelve ancient upright and weather-worn red sandstones,
\-arying from 3 to 54 feet in height, which are enclosed by a low
wall. On the outside of the enclosure there is a stone with an
inscription stating that the ' caldar stones were inclosed in 184-,'
N. & O. (i86gi 4th S. iv. 512; Obs. (S.W.)
CALDER, see Colder.
CALE, si.' and v. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Shr.
Also written kail N.Cy.' Nhb.'; kale w.Yks.^ Lan.'
m.Lan.' Chs.^ Der.' Shr.' [kel, keal.]
1. sb. A turn in rotation.
N.Cy.' It's my kail. Nhb.' w.Yks. Nah it wor't groinders kale
to shawt, Hallam Wadslcy Jack (1866I 46, ed. i88r ; People take
their kale at a railway booking office (S.K.C.) ; w.Yks.^^ Lan.
Yo'st o' be wed when yor kale comes, Buierley J rktinle {iB6^)
225, ed. 1868; Lan.', e.Lan.' Chs, Ray (1691) ; Chs.'*", s.Chs.',
Der.'* nw.Der.' Tha mun wait til it's thy cale [ky'ail]. Shr.'
* Kale for kale,' drinking alternately.
2. Condition, case, plight.
Lan. Aw fun me in a weary cale, IIarland Siigs. Il'i/soiis (1865)
14. s.Chs.' Wot sau-rt uv u ky'ai 1 aaf.i in ? [What sort of a cale at
'ee in ?] The answer to this question would be, * I'm in a good ' or
a ' bad cale,' according to circumstances.
3. V. To take in turns, share.
w.Yks. There's two an a piece a won ; yo mun kale, Bywater
Sheffield Dial (1839! 156; w.Yks.*
VOL. I.
4. To go out of turn, supersede unjustly; to get the
start of.
Lan. Get in, hie thee, afore anybuddy else calcs thee, Statom
B. Sliitttle Bowlotm, 67; Lan.' Aw've bin waitin' moor nor an
hour, an' he's gone in and caled mi. e.Lan.', m Lan.' Der.'
Kyail ; Der.* I caled him at the kiln. nw.Der.'
Hence Kaled./i/>. not served in turn, missed, passed over.
w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Siip/l. (June 23. 1894).
CALE, s7a* Nil p. [kel] The name given to a bed of
the great oolite by the quarrymen.
Nhp. PiiiLLiFS Geo!. ( 1871 : 408.
CALE, see Cail, v.'
CALEB JAY, phr. Obs. Nhb. Dur. An object of
compassion.
Nhb., Dur, ' The " Caleb Jay " was not, as his nickname of itself
might testify, popular in our pit village.' Note. It is said that at the
time of the Napoleonic wars some French prisoners were detained
in custody in the pit country not far from Durham Citj'. Inter-
course between the inhabitants of the place and the foreigners
. . . resulted in the addition of one expressive phr. at least to the
local dialect, that, namely, of ' Caleb Jay ' for ' quel objet !' Now
wholly obs., but 'tis said it was once actually in use, Aeuc Dy.
Leader {Jan. i, 1897) 5, col. 2.
[From the Fr. exclamation Quel objet J]
CALEER, V. and sb. Ircl. Also I.W. [kalr3(r).]
1. V. To caper, jump. I.W.' Sec Caleever.
Hence (i) Caleeriness, I'W. si. fun, mischief, giddiness;
(2) Caleery, (a) adj. light, vain, full of mischief; {b} sb.
a light, vain person.
( I N L' (2, n ib. XSls. (M.B.-S.) (6) Ant. (W.J.K.)
2. sb. A caper, jump ; frolic.
I.W.' He cut a calleer auver the deetch.
CALEEVER, v. and sb. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Also written calever Wm. ; calleever N.Cy.'
Nhb.'; calleevir Cum. ; calliever n.Yks.^ ; kelever Cum.
[kalrvsr, kalivafr).]
1. IK To skip, jump, frolic about; to run about heed-
lessly, foolishly. Cf. caleer.
N.Cy.i Nhb.' Come inti the hoose an' divent stop there
caleeverin on. Dur.' Cum. Wi rackle scampers we kelever'd
round, Gilpin Pop. Feel. ; 18751 205. n.Yks. He was drunk and
caleevering about like a madman (T. K."! ; n.Yks.^ w.Yks.* Goa's
caleevering up an' darn, an' ni\-ier minds her wark at awal. Lan.
He wur calleeverin about like a dancin jinny 1 S.W.').
Hence Caleevering, ///. adj. energetic, flying wildly
or actively about.
Nhb.' A wild callecvering youth. Cum.' He's a caleeveran*
dancer is Ned.
2. sb. A caper, frolic, antic; a hubbub, noisy game.
Wm. & Cum.' My feet then carr't me. . . in a calleevir owr
fwok, 129. Wm. We hed a calever at t'weddin' B. K.). w.Yks.*
Drop thee caleevers ! Minds nowt bud her caleevers.
[Prob. the same word as obs. E. caliver (caleever in
Coles (1679)), a light kind of musket, also, a soldier armed
with a ' caliver.' But the conn. betw. the dial. mg. and
the lit. mg. of the word is obscure.]
CALENDS, sb. pi. Wor. Shr. Hrf. Also written
kalends. In form kallings Shr. [kae'lan d)z.] The
name given in certain places to the footpath leading to
the entrance of the church.
Wor. The name given to the path that leads to the church at
Bredon, A', if O. 11856; 2nd S. ii. 236. Slir. The footpath,
paved with fiag-stones, leading to the church at Ludlow is called
Kalends or Kallings, ih. Hrf. The name which the people of
Bromyard give to a long narrow footpath, leading to the church-
yard, ih. no.
[The opposite door (of Rouen Cathedral) leading into
the S. transept, called Portail de la Cahndr. Murray's
Handbook /or France (1873) 45. MLat. Kdenda, ' Initium
cujusvis rei, puta. Locus ubi territoriuin aliquod incipit'
(Ducange).]
CALEUP, sb. Yks. [kelap.] A frolic, merry trick.
w.Yks. 2 They carri' on some nice calcups at Brincliffe. It was
the custom for young sweeps in Sheffield who climbed up chimneys
to cry * calcup ' when they put their heads out of the chimney-top.
CALEVER, see Caleever.
CALEY, see Cailey.
3s
CALF
[490]
CALK
CALF, sb. Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also
written ca' Sc. (Jam.) ; cauf Sc. e.Yks.' Chs.^^ s.Chs.^
n.Lin.'Shr.'^; caulfSc. ; cauve Lan.^ Shr.' ; cawfn.Yks.^
Chs.'; cawvee.Lan.i; coaf ne.Lan.^ ; cofe Cum.' w.Yks.^
n.Lan.' ; kaff Nhb.^ In pi. caas N.Cy.'
1. In coiiip. (i) Calf-bed, the womb or matrix of a cow;
the placenta of a cow ; (2) -boist, a wooden partition to
separate the animals in a cow-shed; (3) -boose, a calf-
stall or box ; (4) -cote, a building where young calves are
kept ; (5) -country, see -ground ; (6) -creea or -creeal,
(7) -crib, a small pen or wicker compartment in the
row-house to put a sucking calf in; (81 -croft, a small
field near the house into which calves are turned ; (9)
-.ground, a field where young calves are kept ; /ig: a place
of birth, native place; (10) -haulm, the udder or bag;
(11) -head, {a) a foolish fellow; (h) a variety of apple;
(i2)-heart. a coward; (13) -hearted, timid, cowardly ; (14)
-house, (15) -huU, a house with pens for rearing calves ;
(16) -kit, (a) see -crib ; (b) see -cote; (17) -knock, a knock
such as a calf would gi ve ; (18) -lea, ' infield ' grass, or grass
on which calves are turned ; (19) -lick, a tuft of hair grow-
ing on the human forehead, which will not part or lie flat.
Also called cow-lick (q.v.); (20) -licked, having hair on
the forehead which will not lie flat; {21) -love, the falling
in love of a boy at a very early stage ; in gni. colloq. use ;
r22) -lye, the womb of the cow ; (23) -nopes, slight blows
that do not hurt; (24) -rash, a foolish fancy, boy's love;
(25) -skeel, the feeding-pail for 'sarrowing' or serving
the calves ; (26) -skins, the sea ruffled by the wind in
occasional spots, 'cat"s-paws'; (27) -sod, sod or sward
bearing fine grass ; (28) -stage, a pen for weaning calves,
raised above the ground ; (29) -tail, a silly fellow ; (30)
•tod, ///. calf-dung, but applied to a species of sweetmeat
sold at Messingham and Ashby feasts; (31) -'s-tongue,
T?^. a person who is mild or harsh-spoken according to
circumstance; also called cow's-tongue ; (32) -trundles
or -trinnels, (a) the entrails of a calf; (b) the ruffles on a
shirt or the flounces on a gown ; (33) -view, the heart,
liver, and lights of a calf; {34) -ward, a small enclosure
for rearing calves ; (35) -white, a sucking calf; (36) -yard,
_/%. the birthplace or home of one's youth.
(i) Wm. T'coo's putten her calf-bed doon (B.K.V n.Yks.'*,
e.Yks.', w.Yks.', Chs.', s.Chs.' w.Som.' Kaa'v, or kyaa-v-bai-d.
(2) w.Yks. Thravvin ther artcfishal guns into a cauf-boist e wun
corner at laitli, To.M Treddlehoyle Bainisla Ami. (1853) 42.
(3) w.Yks. Went an' sat daan i' one o' th' cauf-booises, Hartley
Budget (l%^l) 131. (4) Chs.i, Shr.^ (5) Sc. (Jam.) (6) ii.Yks.2
(7) Ciis.13 (8) Chs.' (9) Sc. My sister came frae Moflalt with
them — that's my caulf-ground, Oliphant Lover and Lass, 5.
e.Fif. From the east neuk o' Fife ? — That's my calf-ground, LAnTO
Xatii Bodhin (1864) six. e.Lth. I was brocht up iiere, ye ken this
pairish was my cawf-grund, Hunter /. Iinmck (1895) 231. (10)
Hrt. The calf haulm, udder, or bag will come down and swell as
much as a blown bladder, Ellis Mod. Hiisb. (1750") 128. (11, a)
Cum.' Wm. T'gurt cauf heed wad blodder an' rooar fer nowt
(B K.). n.Yks. Gan on. thou great cofe-heead (I.W.). w.Yks.^
An eccentric gentleman disguised as a beggar once met his own
'lial' (jester), and took offhis hat to him. The ' hal,' knowing who
it was, replied ' Keep thi" hat on, lad ; cofc yed is best wairm.'
(i) Wm. Ther war some cauf-heeds i' t'basket (B.K.). (12)
niin.' (13) e.Yks. Runnin away, like cawf-hearted chickins,
Nicholson Fik-Sp. (1889) 43 ; e.Yks.' He was awlas a bit cauf-
hcarted. n.Lin.', Nhp.' (14) Nhb.', n.Yks. (I.W.) (15) w.Yks.
Many cottages are converted into cauf-hulls, Harker IVharfedale
(18691168. (i6,a)Chs.'23,Shr.' (i) s.Chs.', Shr.2 (17) w.Yks.
He gave him what he called a cauf knock, an sent him sprawlin' ith
middle oth rooad. Hartley C/of>C'^/»;. C1877) 34- (18; Ags. (Jam.)
(19) Ant Ballynieua Obs. (1892). N.Cy.', Nhb.', w.Yks.'^ Lan.'
Yo' may comm his yure as yo' like, but it'll noan lie down ; he's
a cauvc-lick, like his fayther. n.Lan.', Chs.', s.Chs.', Der.^,
nw.Der.', Not.', Lei.', nLin.', Nhp.', War.2 (20) Dur.', Cum.',
n.Yks.2, e.Yks.', w.YkE.234 L^n. Tha'll know him. sure tha will ;
he's rcawnd shouldert an" a bit cawvelickt, Wood Hum. Skekhcs,
87. ne.Lan.i, e.Lan.> (21) Edb. I had a terrible stound of calf-
love, MoiR Maiisie IVaucli (1828) iv. w.Som.' (22) Cum.'
(231 n.Yks. He nobbut hits us CTwf-nopes (I.W.\ (24'! w.Yks.
He's nobbut getten t'caufrash and fallen into love, Eccles Leeds
0/;«. (1882) 4. (25) n.Yks.2 (26) S. & Ork.' (27) Rxb. (Jam.)
128; Glo. GI. (1851) ; A stage holds seven, or occasionally eight
calves. . . . The tloor of the stage is formed of laths, about two
inches square, lying lengthwaj- of the stage, and one inch asunder,
Marshall Rur. Econ. (1789) I. 225; Glo.' (29) Lan. That
cauve-teyl of a seketari, Scholes Tim Gamwallk ^1857) 39. (30)
n.Lin.l (31) Nrf. The tongue of a cow or calf being smooth on
one side and rougli on the other, a calf's tongue is a person who
is, according to occasion, mild-spokcn or harsh-spoken (F.H.).
(32. «, Cum.' n.Yks. 2 When selected and cleansed, they are
shred up for ' a cawf-trinnel pie.' w.Yks.' (A) w.Yks.' (33)
Lei.' (34) Ayr. His braw calf-ward where gowans grew, Burns
Dr. Hornbook (1785) st. 23. (35) Wil.' (s. v. White.^ (36)
N.Cy.' Nhb. Aw've learn 'd to prefer my awn canny calf-yaird,
MiDFORD Coll. Sugs. (1818) 70 ; Nhb.'
2. In phr. (i) to lick Ihy calf, to improve or repair work
that has been imperfectly or badly done ; (2) Calf-gin Fair,
(3) calf-gin pic, see below ; (4) calf-shin-pie, a pie made of
the bones and flesh of the fore legs of a calf, with leeks,
broccoli, and other vegetables.
(i) sLan. Th' measthur's not satisfied wi that dur, theaw'll ha't
goo an lick thi cauve (S.W.\ (2, 3) Lan. At W. in Lan. there
was formerly held an annual fair or wake, known as ' Calfgin
Fair,' from a particular pie being sold there. In the parish
workhouse accts., Mar. 13, 1747, '50 calfginns' are entered as
bought. A'. (5r^ Q. (1870) 4th S. vi. 174. (4) s.Lan. (S.W.)
3. A deer, male or female, under one year old.
w.Som.' The hounds took after a hind with a calf by her side,
Rec. u.Dev. Slaghouuds.
4. A simpleton, stupid, silly person, used as a term of
ridicule.
Rxb. Ye silly ca' (Jam.). Ayr. There's yoursel just now, God
knows, an unco calf! Burns The Calf. st. i. Wm. He was alius
a gurt cauf (B.K.). Lan. Bide here a bit— thou hawmplin' cauve,
Waugh Cliiiim. Con^-i- (1874) 152, ed. 1879. e.Lan.'. Chs.' Lin.
Streatfeild Liu. and Danes (1884) 320. n.Lin.' What a cauf it
is ! Why, he's as scar'd o" a toad as I am o' a mad bull. Nhp.',
War.3 Shr.' Yo' great cauf, could na yo' do that bit 'u a job athout
me 'avin' to tell 3-0' the same thing twize o'er? Shr.^
Hence Calfish, adj. inean, shabby ; foolish.
Wm. It was a caufish trick ta strangle t'dog (B.K.).
5. Piece-work which is not done in time for the weekly
pay. Cf. calve, t'.' 2.
w.Yks. Dal ev a big k^of Sis wlk (J.W.). e.Lan.'
[3. To Burnside and Whitendale, overrun with good
deare ; a knubb was killed, and a calfe, Assheton Jin.
(1617) in Chetham Soc. (1848) XIV. 61 ; Cervulus, a hertes
calfe, Pict. Voc. (c. 1475) in Wright's Voc. (1884) 759.]
CALF-LEG-DEEP, phr. Yks. Written cauf- w.Yks.'
|k9f-leg-dip.] Water or snow so deep as to reach up to
the calf of the leg.
w.Yks. Calf-leg-deep and other similar phr. denoting size,
depth, &c., such as ankle-deep, shoe-top. &c., are so familiar that
they would hardly be looked upon as dialect (B.K.) ; w.Yks.'
CALFY, sb. Wil. Also written caavy Wil.' [ka-vi.]
L A simpleton. See Calf, 4.
Wil. Slow Gl. (1892) ; Wil.«
2. Comp. (i) Calfy-cottrell, (2) -noodle, a simpleton.
Wil. (G.E.D.)
CALIAGH, see Cailleach.
CALIS, sec Callus.
CALK, 5^.' and i'.' Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Der. Lin.
e.An. Also written caiik Sc. Nhb.' e.An.' Nrf.'; caulk
e.An.' Nrf.; cawk Nhb.' Cum.; cork nw.Der.' Nrf.;
kaak S. & Ork.' ; kalk Lin. [kok, kak.]
1. sb. Chalk, hard calcareous earth; any sort of limestone.
S. & Ork.' Frf. Wi' cauk on the plainstanes to cipher an'
write. Watt Poet. Sketches ( 1880I 54. Ayr. And wow ! he has
an unco slight O' cauk and keel, Burns Grose's Peregn'natious
(1789) St. 2 ; I daresay that auld gipsy wife is a daub baith at
cawk and keel, Galt Sir A. Wylie (1822) 1. Lin. Whoever lives
on the Chalk Wolds of Lin. knows very well that we have no such
thing as ' chalk' : it is ' calk," Liu. N. &-> Q. I. 41 ; Streatfeild
Lin. and Danes (1884) i6r. n.Lin.' The materials are a mixture
of brick, freestone, and cauk. Fowler Descr. Thornton Coll. (1824).
e.An.' Talc and spar do not seem to be of frequent occurrence, but
of cauk, calc (at least what we call so), we have a very great
abundance. Nrf. An imperfect chalk inarl, or a cork, that is,
CALK
[491]
CALL
a liaid chalk. Young Annals Agric. 1^1734-1815;; Nrf.' Suf.
Raindird A^n'c. (1819) 290, ed. 1849.
2. Barytes ; pieces of stone remaining uncalcined in tlie
middle of lumps of lime.
Nhb.' Nhb., Dur. The writer of this has seen cauk spar of
a dead white, Forster Sec/ion Strata (1821") 216. Cum. Barytes
combiiied with sulphuric acid. In great abundance at Aldston-
moor, where it is called Cawk ; as also in the neighbourhood of
Keswick, Hutchinson Hiit. Ciiiii. (1794) 1. App. 45. Der. Cauke,
sparr. lid-stones, Manlove Lead Mines (1653) 1. 265. nw.Der.'
3. Coiiip. Cauk-spar, barytes. Nhb.'
4. V. To chalk, draw with chalk.
S. & Ork.' e.Fif. The debt had been cawkit doon against his
name on the inside o" the press lid, Latto Taui Bodkin (1864^ xv.
Ayr. The three words clearly caukit on the roof ' Your last freen,'
Service Dr. Diigiiiil (1887) 76 ; The likeness of a ghost cawkit on
a door. Galt Sir A. Wylie (1822) xlvii.
[1. They persaivd the hillis high of calk . . . Quharthrou
this land is callit Albion, Montgomerie Poems (1579), ed.
Cranstoun, 211 ; Calke or chaike, erjie, calx, crela, Prompt.
OE. (Anglian) calc, WS. cealc]
CALK, sb.^ and z'.^ Sc. Cum. War. Som. Dev. Also
written cauk, cawk Sc. ( J.\m. Snppl.) ; cork w.Som.' ;
coke Cum.' [kok, kak.]
1. sb. The spur at the end of a scythe-blade. nw.Dev.'
See Zie.
2. The point turned down on a horse-shoe, or the iron
point fi.xcd on it to prevent slipping.
Sc. I man gie the horse a calk the day (Jam. Sii/>/>l.). Cum.i
w.Som.' Dhu kau'urks wuz u-wae'urd [the roughing was worn
down].
3. V. To turn down the ends and the toes of horse-shoes
or to fix on iron plates or guards, to prevent a horse
slipping. See Calker, Calkin.
Sc. (Jam. Snppl.) Slk. For the chesnut meer was weelcauked,
Cur. North Nodes (ed. 1856) II. 177. War. (J.R.W.") Som.
W. & J. Gl. (1873) ; Jennings Dial. u:Eng. (1869}. w.Sora.'Ter'ble
slipper z'mornin, I zim ; an^'body do want to be a-corked. vor to
keep ther stannins. n.Dev. Take the horses to the smith and
get them caulked (F.A A.).
Hence Calker, sA. one who makes iron heel-plates, &c.;
a country blacksmith. Dmf (J.\m. Siippl.)
[2. Raiiipones, cawkes on a horse-shoo, Minsheu (1623).]
CALKER, sb. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Nhp. Also in forms caaker Nhb.' Cum.' Lnn.'
n.Lan.' ne.Lan.' ; cacker Gall.; caker Win.; ca'ker
m.Yks.'i cakker Gall.; carker e.Lan.' ; caulker Sc.
(Jam.) ; cawker Sc. (Jam.) N.Cy.' Dur.' n.Yks.^ w.Yks.
Lan.' e.Lan.'; coaker Cum.; coker Cum.' m.Lan.'
[kokar, kakar.]
1. The hind part of a horse's shoe, sharpened and turned
downwards to prevent slipping. Also used fig. See
Calk, 56.2 2, Calkin.
Sc. I would swear to the curve of the cawker, Scott Monastery
(1820) xxxiv ; They turn down the very caulkers of their animosi-
ties and prejudices, as smiths do with horses' shoes in a white
frost, ib. Guy M. (1815) xxxix ; A smith, a smith right speedilie
To turn back the caukers of our horses' shoon, ib. Minstrelsy
(1802) II. 118, ed. 1848. Ayr. To Vulcan then Apollo goes To get
a frosty calker. Burns To John Taylor. Gall. I hear the horses'
cackers ringing on the granite, Crockett Raideis (1894^ xiv.
Ant. Grose (1 790 1 MS. add. (C.) N.Cy.', Nhb.i, Dur.', e.Lan. i, Nhp.'
2. The iron rim or plate on a wooden clog or shoe-heel.
Gall. The iron shod of his clog, which he would have called his
'cakker,' Crockett S/ifW il/m. (1893] 87. N.Cy.'. Nhb.i Cum.
An' mended it wid a clog-coaker, Anderson Ballads (1808) 182 ;
As if his clogs hcd been shod wid cuddy cawkers, Farrali. Betty
Jl-'ilson (1886'. r; Cum.' Wm. My clog calker is loose (B.K.).
n.Yks. Keep thy calkers off mah "feet (l.W.) ; ii.Yks.3, m.Yks.'
w.Yks. WiLLAN List IVds. (1811}. Lan.', ne.Lan.', n.Lan.', e.Lan.',
m.Lan.'
Mcucc Calkercd, (i) pp. bound with iron like clogs;
(2) ppl. adj. iron shod, tipped with iron.
(i I Cum. I'hey buy my Lword Wellinten's buits ; cokert, but nit
snout-bandit, Anderson Bfl//(jrfs (1808) 122, cd. 1881. Wm. Tae
hev our new clogs cakort, Wheeler Dial. (1790') 112, ed. 1821.
Lan.' m Lan.' Id teks a lot o' brass to keep th' childer's clogs
coker'd. (2; Cum. Afooat or 0' horseback? — Nay, nobbet afooat,
wi' cokert shun, Dickinson Ciintbr. (1875' 146. Wm. The cloun
that rattles oor the paavcmcnt in cakercd cloggs, Hutton Bran
A'cjf (r«jA (1785 1.3. ne.Lan.i
CALKER, see Corker.
CALKIN, sb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Lin. Shr. Also
written caukin s.Chs.' 11. Lin.'; cawkin w.Yks.' n.Lan.'
Chs.'; coaken Lan.; coakin e.Lan.'; corken Der.'; cork-
ing Shr.' [kokin, kakin.] The hind part of a horse's
shoe sharpened and turned back to prevent slipping; the
iron rim of wooden clogs. Sec Calk, sb.^ 2, Calker.
w.Yks.' Lan. Kiiockt oth sow, with a tit coak'n, Tim Bodbin
Virui Dial. (1740) 13; Lan.', e.Lan.', Chs.' s.Chs.' Kau kin.
n.Lin. This could not be done unless the horses had 'cawkins'
on. Peacock/. Marien/eld {ia-]2) 141 ; n.Lin.' Shr.' Kaur'ki'n.
[Calkins, if both turned down equally, which they seldom are,
may be useful to farm horses, that arc much upon the road,
Stephens Farm Bk. (ed. 1849) I. 329.]
Hence Calkined,/i^. having the hinder part of a horse's
shoe turned up or sharpened ; of clogs, bound with iron.
Lan. My marc's feet (though she was cawkin'd with steele^
missed their hold. Life A. Martindale (1685) 180. ed. 1845. Der.'.
[Rampone, a calkin in a horses shooe to keep him from
falling, Florio.]
CALL, sb. Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also
written ca' (Jam.) N.Cy.'; caa, caal Nhb.'; cal m.Yks,'
Dev.^; caw "(Jam.); co Cum.'
L 1. A vocal signal or summons ; a whistle, pipe ; the
instrument with which a Punchman patters.
Abd. Forgi'e me, gin I be sae haul'. As ape your tune ; And len'
me, for a while, your call, Shirrefs Poems (i-igo'. 18. Nhb.' Give
him a caa. Nhb., Dur. Nicholson Coal Tr. Gl. i 18831. Lou.
Porsini brought the calls into this country with him from Italy,
Mayhew Lond. Labonr {1851) III. 45, cd. 1861.
2. Occasion, need, necessity, esp. in phr. lo have no call
lo. In ge)!. colloq. use.
Gall. Jaikie had no call to go to the school at all, Crockett
Stickit Min. (1893"! 45. Ir. I dunno if you've any c.ill to be talkin'
that fashion. Barlow iisfoiiw/ (1895) 246. N.I.', N.Cy.' Nhb.
Ah sawnae call to tellher, ClareZ.oi'Co/'Z.(75s (1890) I. 53; Nhb.'
Dur. Aa heh ne call to haad my dish under thy ladle, onyway
[I am not beholden to you for anything] (F.P.^. ne.Yks.' e.Yks.'
MS add. (T.H.) w.Yks. Tha'sno call to mcll [meddle], Snowden
IVeb of Weaver {iBg6\ ii ; w.Yks.^^ Lan. There's no call for you
to be so rude, Fotiiergill Probation (1879) vi. Der.^, nw.Der.'
s.Not. 'Ave they any partic'Iar call for poles at Basford ? Prior
Renic (1895) 246. n.Lin.', sw.Lin.', Rut.', Lei.', Nhp.', War. 3,
s.War.' s.Wor. Porson Quaint ll'ds. • 1875) 10. s.Wor ', se.Wor.',
Hrf.=, nGlo. (H.S.H.), Glo.', Brks.', Hnt. (T.P.F.), e.An.',
Cmb.i, Nrf. (E.M.) Ess. Yow had no call to shelter, Clark
J. Noakcs (1839) 11; CI. (i85i\ Ken.'. Sur. (T.S.C.), Sur.'
Su3. (F.E.), Hmp.l, Wil.' Dor. Barnes Gl. 1,1863). w Som.'
Kau-m naew I dhur ed-n noa kau'l vur noa saars [come now!
there is no occasion for any sauce]. Dev. There's no call to fret
about it, Pulman Sketihes (1842) 82, ed. 1871 ; Dev.3 There's no
cal vur ya tu be wapsy, I aint zed nort tO vexee. Colloq. You han't
no call to be afcer'd of me, Dickens D. Copperjield {i%$o) yi-ayiW.
[Aus., N.S.W. A wild country for miles . . . that few people ever
had call to ride over, Boldrewood Robbery (1888,1 I. v.]
3. Business opening.
Nhp.' He's gone into the baking business up the road; there
seemed to be a good call there. Glo. Thur yent 'null work fur to
be ony call fur wimen-volk, Buckman Daike's Sojourn ; 18901 vi.
4. In phr. (i) lo ffct a call, to be invited to take charge of
a congregation ; (2) to get lite call, to die ; (3) lo give a call,
to call on, pay a visit; (4) lo have the call, to have the right
to call upon a performer for the next song, &c. ; (5) call
ill the court, see below.
(i) Sc. (A.W.) (2) Kcd. His wife, wi' his grainin' sae wear)-,
Was fain to have seen him awa ; . . . Hersel' was the first gat the
ca". Grant Lays (1884) 172. (3) Rnf. A leddie sae braw Cam
doon frac the neist toon tae gie us a ca', Neilson Pooiis (1877) 48.
Ayr. He gied the minister a call the morning before he left,
Johnston Clenbiickie (1889) 73. Wm. He nivvcr come near but
he gev us a co. Spec. Dial. (1880) pt. ii. 30. (4) Abd. Noo my
sang's deen ; I've the ca' to keep the pottie boilin, Guidman
Ingtismaill (18731 40. (5I Cum.' The customary tenants are re-
quired to answer to their names when called in the manorial court,
and this is termed having a co' i' the court, and implies being a
yeoman or his representative.
3sa
CALL
[492]
CALL
II. 1. The movement of the surface of water when
driven by the wind. See Call, i'.' IV. 2.
Sc. The ca' o' the water is west (Jam.). Nhb.' The contrary
phenomenon (smooth oily surface of the water) is known as a
keld on the Tyne. w.Yk-.'
2. A walk for cattle, particular district.
Abd. A crowd of kettrin did their forest fill . . . And in the ca',
nor cow nor ewe did spare, Ross Heknore (1768) 21, ed. 1812.
3. A leading-String, broad tape fastened to youngchildren
when they first walk. Gen. used in pi.
w.Yks. Grose (1790) MS. add. (P.) ; w.Yks.2*
Hence Call- or Calling-band, sb. the guard or safety
band attached to young children.
m.Yks.i w.Yks. Grose (1790) MS. add. (P.)
4. Comp. Caa-back, a term used in the game of ' boolin '
or ' bowling' (q.v.).
Nlib. When a player has overstepped the trig in delivering his
bool the trigger decides that the bool is a caa back and the plaj-er
must play his throw over again (R.O.H.).
CALL, v} Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also
written ca' Sc. (Jam.) Bnflf.i N.Cy.'; caa Sc. (Jam.) N.Cy.'
Nhb.'; caal Nhb.' ; caw Sc. (Jam.) Chs.' nw.Der.'; co
Cum.' ; ka Cum.' ; kaa S. & Ork.'
I. Gram, forms.
1. Pres. Tense: PL (i) Cawn, (2) Coen, (3) Cone, (4)
Co'n, (5) Kone.
(i) Lan. Whey yo cawn it sich names aw connot tell, Owen
Good Oud Toimes (1870) 14. Clis.' I caw, they cawn. nw.Der.'
(2) Lan. That ruck o' stars they coen th' milky-way, Ferguson
Moiidywarp, 4. (3) Der.' Old koa-n, mod. kau n. In use in mod.
form ; and by a few old people who, as a near approach to the old
form, say kao'n. (4) Lan. I'hat wur a chap tliey co'n owd Skin-
flint, Wood Sketches, 10. (5) Lan. They kone liim Jone, I ko him
Jack (J.L.) ; A womon ot te kone a iiessasary womon, Walker
Plibcian Pol. (1801) 22.
2. Pi-et. Tense : (i) Caulthe, (2) Cote.
(i) Wxf.' (2) Wni. Tha cote this chap Tommy, Jack Robison
Aald Taa/es (1882) 16.
3. Pp. : (i) Caan, (2) Callen, (3) Cawn.
(l) Nhb.' He's caan Bobby efter his granfether. (2) e.Yks.'
(3") Lan. We'n getten two chiltcr, an we'n cawn the first Joshua,
IVidder Bagshaw (c. i860) 4. Clis.23, Stf.i
II. Dial. uses.
1. Of a partridge : to utter the call-note to its mate ; to
utter a cry.
w.Som.' Doa-n ee yuur um kauleen? Nif you do year the birds
cally, mind, they baint gwain to lie. [Harriers call on trail,
Mayer Sp/smait's Direct. (1845) 142.]
2. To be delirious.
GIo. (W.H.C.), Glo.i, n.Glo. (H.S.II.)
3. To announce, publish ; to have cried by the public
crier.
N.Cy.' Nhb. Had them called at Wooler Market, Richardson
Borderers Table-bk. (^1846) VI. 160; Nhb.' Get the bellman to
caal'd. n.Lla.' It was call'd on three market-daays at Brigg, but
it wasn't fun. Cor. Monthly Mag. (1808) II. 544 ; Cor.i Have it
caaled, be sure ; Cor.^ ; Cor.^ To have your wife ' called ' or
* cried ' means to give notice that you will not be answerable for
any debts she may contract. «
Hence Caaler, sb. an auctioneer, crier. Nhb.'
4. To publish the banns of marriage.
Nhb. Nowt else was wantin' but the priest To call us, and te
tie the knot, Wilson Pilman's Pay (1843 153; Nlib.' Wm. If
thae wer nobbet coed thecar, heed be like ta hcv cr, Spec, Dial,
(1880) pt. ii. 20.
5. To sell or hawk in a cart ; to go round begging.
Abd. I wud as seen ca' stinkin' fish, Alexander Johnny Gibh
(1871) XV. Per. Thepuir auld beggar bodie, ca'd The [farm-] toun
where I was born, Nicoll Poems (.1843) 72.
e. To search out, to explore.
Sc. I'll caw the haill town for't or I want it (Jam.^. Kcd. [He]
laid it past just for a time Until he ca'd the toun, Jamie Muse
(1844) 47. Abd. He thought iiae shame ilk hole to ca'. Peat stack
and yard. Cock Strains (1810) I. 133.
7. In phr. (i) to call down, to proclaim by the public crier
that a husband will not be responsible for debts contracted
by his wife; (2) — /or, to call on, pay a visit; (3) —in
c/utrcli, to publish the banns of marriage ; (4) — of, (a) to
summon, call to; (6) see — for; (c) to call for; (5) — on,
(a) see — of (a) ; (b) to be in demand ; (6) — out, (7) —
over, see — in church; (8) — over the rolls, to call up for
reprimand ; (9) — to, (a) see — for; (b) to check, chide;
(10) — together, to mend things slightly; (11) — with, see
— for; (12) — clashes, to spread malicious reports, gossip,
tattle ; (13) — a go, to remove ; (14) — a sotil, to give out
notice of a death after the service on Sunday; (15)
to be called home, to die ; (16) he's a calling, he is being
called.
(i) n.Yks. (I.W.) ; n.Yks.= (2) Sc. (A.W.) (3) ii.Lin.i
sw.Lin.^ I'm not married, I've only been called in church. (4, a)
Dur. Call of the maid, she will take it away (A.B.). n.Yks.'
A woman with her child in her arms, and seeing her husband out
of the window, would say to it, ' Call ov him, honey ! call ov him ! '
ne.Yks.' (i) Not.' s.Not. I called of 'er on Monday, but she
wasn't at home (J. P. K.). Lei.', War.^ (c) n.Lin.' He said I was
to call of him when I was ready. (5, a) n.Yks.', ne.Yks.' (6)
N.I.' Flannen's greatly called on this weather. {6) Ccr.i^ (7)
Wil.' Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873). w.Som.i Dhai wuz u kyaald
oavur u Ziin'dee tu chuurch. ^8) n.Yks. (I.W.), e.Yks.' (g, a)
It, (G.M.H.) Cor. Common in the West. I'm going to call to the
passon's (,W.S.). (b) It. Call to this fellow: he is hitting me
(G.M.H.). (10) Nhp.' Just call the holes together. War.^,
se.Wor.' (11) Fif. Ca' wi' Johnnie Downie To get the pownie
shod, Robertson Pcoj'os/ (1894) 74. (12) Abd. (Jam.) (13) Lon.
When a thing's humped . . . you can only ' call a go,' Mayhew
Land. Labour (1851 ) 1. 236. (14) Cum. It was customary to make
the announcement of a death having occurred in the parish
immediately after service on a Sunday — the c\erk gen. gave it out
whilst standing on a flat tombstone. Notices of sales, &c,, were
also made at the same time (E.W.P.) ; Last Sunday fwornuin,
efter sarvice, T' th' kurk-garth, the dark caw'd his scale, Ander-
son Ballads (1805) 114 ; Pruzently in cums a chap wid a seal-coer
bell iv his neef, Sargisson Joe Seoafi (1881) 126. (15) n.Lin.' He
was call'd hoiim on th' sixt o' November. (16) N.I.'
III. 1. To name, designate.
e.Dur.i ' What do they call you ? ' The invariable equivalent to
' What's your name ? ' this latter form of inquiry being generally
unintelligible to children. Cum. A thousan things 'at tow niver
saw, ner I can caw, LonsdaleMag. (Feb. 1867) 311. w.Yks. (J.W.)
n.Lin.' Sus. How do they call you? Monthly Pkt, (1874') 174.
Som. We are glad you are better, in fact well a-called (W. W.S.).'
2. To abuse, call names, speak ill of; to scold. Cf. becall.
Rnf. She ca'd them up hill an' doon-brae, Neilson Poems (1877)
62. N.Cy.', Nlib.' Dur. I'll not be ca'ed by you (A.B.).
e.Dur.' Cum. He cawll'd me reel nasty, Linton Lake Cy. (1864)
99 ; Cum.i Wm. Es lang es ewer Bill grummals an coes, Sfire.
/Jm/. (1877) pt. i. 34. n.Yks.'2, ne.Yks.i e.Yks.' Misthrcss'll
call ma black and blue when she finds it oot. m.Yks.' w.Yks.
Shoe did ca' owd Matther for sellin' t'pig (F. P. T.) ; w.Yks. '^s
Lan. Sayroh thinks that they caw hur bonnet eawt uv a feeling uv
envy, Staton B. Shuttle Boivtiin, 16. s.Lan. He coed him finely,
Bamford Dial. (1854). C>s- They didna like me and they cawed
me about in the village (E.M.G.); CUs.', Stf.', Der.12_nw.Der.'
Not. He did call me above a bit (L.C.M.) ; Not.' ; Not.^ 'E used
to swear at me, an' 'e used to caw me. s.Not. 'E did call me, becos
a were that bit late (J.P.K.). n.Lin.' No child in the Band of the
Cross must use bad language, or call any one, Crowle Advert. (Dec.
19, 1874). sw.Lin.' They didn't tall out, so as to call one another.
S.Lin. She stud and called him for near an hour (F.H.W.). Rut.'
Lei.' Moi'serz, ou shai kauld' um aul da'uon ta dha gra'uond
[Moy surs, 'ow shay called 'em all down to the ground], 37.
War. 2 I 'eerd 'er call the mon shameful ; War.^ She' 'Er called
im fur everythin' ; Shr.^ s.Pem. Laws Little Eng. (1888) 419.
Glo.', Oxf.' Bdf. He called me all the way (J.W.B.). e.An.',
Sus. (J.W.B.) w.Som.' Uur kyaa'ld ur auiuur kud luyur tuung-
tiie [she abused her to the utmost other power]. Dev. (J.W.B )
Hence (i) Calling, vbl. sb., {2) Calls, sb.pl. a scolding,
abuse, vituperation.
(i) Cum.', n.Yks. '2 e.Yks.' Ah gat sike a callin as Ah nivver
had i' my life. w.Yks. (J. R.) ; w.Yks.^ Ah gav him a good
cawaliug. (2) m.Yks.' w.Yks.^ Tha'U get thee cawals, lad, when
tuh gets hoam.
3. To consider, estimate, think.
Ken. 2 He is called a good workman. Som. I doan't caal he do
Stan wull on his lags, Raymond Misterton's Mistake (1888) 88.
w.Som.' Ee du kau'l cc"z dhu vuur'ee bas tees soa'urt kn aeu vur
CALL
[493!
CALL
nuiun'ec [he considers his the very bestcst sort ^one) can Iiavc for
money].
4. In phr. (i) to call again, to contradict, also used as
sb.\ (2) — n///o/i;Vff5, to abuse violently ; (3 1 — one out 0/
one's name, (a) to call by a nickname, not by one's proper
name ; {b) to abuse, vilify; (4) — over, to find fault with,
abuse ; see below ; (5) — up, to consider, think, estimate ;
(6) — their dads, to call or consider their betters ; (7) —
their wanas, to call or consider their equals ; (8) — one like
a piece of his own heart, to call a dear friend, to hold dear.
(i) Abd. (Jam.) Bnff.' A ciidna haud ma tung, an' ajist ga' 'im
ca"-agehn. ^2) Chs.^^ 13,0; Cum. Mui ricans . . . co swine ' hogs' ;
. . . that's what culis eh whoke co-an things oot eh ther neaams,
SARGissoNyof Scoap (1881) 95 ; Cum.^ Div'nt sit theer twiddlin
yer silly oald thooms an coa'in fuoke oot o' their neams, 11.
War.2, s.War.i, Glo.', Sur. (T.S.C.) Sus.i Why, he says
''ooman,' and I aint a-going to be called out of my name by such
a fellow as him. (i) Chs.^' (4) Ken. School children some-
times flock in a body round one child whom it is desired to
exasperate, repeating the child's name in a monotonous sing-
song. This is' calling over' (P.M.) ; Ken.' Sus.' He just did call me
over, because I told him as I hadn't gotnaun to give him. w.Cor.
She then began abusing witness, and as she was calling her over,
witness called her over. Cor. Telegraph (June 25, 1896). (5)
Uls. So-and-so is called up to be a very smart man (M.B.-S.).
(6, 7) Wm. Ther's few ta co ther marras.an' Ther's nin ta co ther
dads ! Spec. Dial. 1 1880) pt. ii. 51. ^8: Sc. Friends that hae ca'd
ye like a piece o' their ain heart, Scott A>:l:ijiia>y (i8i6i xx.
I'V. 1. To urge forward, drive animals or vehicles.
Sc. She whipped it, she lashed it. She ca'd it owre the brae.
Chambers Pop. Rliyuies (1870) 19. S. & Ork.' Whales often
appear on the coast in large numbers, when the fishermen put off
in their skiffs, get on the outside of the herd, and by making
a noise with their oars, throwing stones, shouting, &c., drive or
' kaa ' the timid animals before them. Or.I. An' dus u'tae the
haeflin', she sed, Dat ca'd dem tae the 'Bell,' Orcadian Joint Gilpin,
St. 55, in Ellis Pronuiic. (1889) V. 809. Ayr. We never thought
it wrong to ca' a prey, Ross Helcuore (1768) 134, ed. i8ia.
nw.Abd. Caa the dukes [ducks] awa, GoodvAfc (1867) st. 44.
Rxb. I winna lo'e the laddie that ca's the cart and plough, Riddei.l
Poet. Wks. (1871) I. 25. Ayr. Some ca' the pleugh, Burns
Colters Sat. Night (1785) St. 4. n.Cy. Border Gl. (Coll. L.L.B.) ;
N.Cy.i Nhb.i ■ Kaa me an' aa'll kaa thee,' a common saying,
meaning * Help me and I'll help j'ou.' Caa the yows oot bye.
Hence (i) Called, ppl. adj. driven; (2) Caller, si. one
who drives horses or oxen under the yoke ; (3) Kaaing,
vbl. sb. the driving of whales ; the number of whales
in a drove; (4) Caaing-whale, sb. Delphinns dediiclor;
(5) Caaing whales, phr. the mode adopted for driving
a shoal of whales into shallow water.
(I ) Abd. The track at last he found. Of the ca'd heership on the
mossy ground, Ross Heleiiore (1768) 49, ed. 1812. 12) S. & Ork.'
Or.I. The caller goes before the beasts backward with a whip,
Barry Hist. (1805) 447 (Jam.). (3, 4, 5) S. & Ork.'
2. To drive, impel, turn machinery, lic.
Sc. A carter passing a windmill stood up and gazed in open-
mouthed wonderment and suddenly exclaimed ' Lor', fa's ca'in the
wheel ? ' Jokes (1889) 2nd S. 112; The hand of him aye cawed the
shuttle, Stevenson Catrioiia (1892) xv. Kcd. Ghaists wad stalk,
an' brownies frolic, Ca' the kirn an' wield the flail. Grant Lays
(1884") i°8. Abd. There's the kirn to ca', chessels to fill, Giiid-
tiiaii higlisniaill ^1873) 30. Fif. It's a wee harder than ca'in a
shuttle, Robertson Provost (1894) 74. Rnf. Ca' the pump, Bakr
Poems (i86t) 154. Lth. She . . . gars me knit an' ca' the kirn,
M'^Neill Preston (c. 1895) 9^' e.Lth. Watter-poor does fine for
ca'in machinery. Hunter J. Inwick (1895) 84. Edb. When ci'ing
the needle upon the board, Moir Mnitsie ll'aiich (18281 x. Nhb.'
Hence Calling, //i/. adj. driven by the wind, propelled.
Ayr. There was the model o' a ca'ing machine, Johnston
A'dniallic (iSgi) I. 173.
3. To knock, hammer, drive into its place, mend ; to
overturn, knock over.
Sc. Hae ye the daurin' impidence to chairge me a shillin' for
ca'in my kettle in three bits! Jotcs (iSSg) ist S. 82; Kill the
brute ! caa the brains out o' him ! Roy Horseman s IVd. 1,1895)
XXV. ne.Sc. Ye micht hae ca'd me owre wi' a windle-strae, Gra.nt
Kfikleton, 132. Ayr. Ev'ry naig was ca'd a shoe on, Burns Tain
o' Shanter 1^1790) st. 2. e.Lth. I never heard tell o' onybody that
had seen him ca' in a nail. Hunter J. Inivick (1895) 74. Bwk.
Yc arc like the Cooper o' Fogo, ye drive aff better girds than ye
ca' on, Henderson Pop. Rhymes (1856) 88. Slk. Are they but
ca'in wi' their cuddie heels ? Chr. North Nodes (ed. 1856^ IV.
256. Nhb.' An engineman on a traction engine said to his under-
hand, ' Billj', caa this in, ma man,' meaning drive in a short bo't
fitting a hole in the travelling wheel to make it bite on a piece cf
soft ground. n.Yks. They were callin' brigs (,I.W.).
4. To move quickly, to submit to be driven.
Sc. That beast winna caw, for a' that I can do (Jam.) ; There
will never a nail ca' right for me, Scott Minstrelsy (1802) II. 119,
ed. 1848. Or.I. They in a sinlo lep like fools, Ca'd ovvcr the
cringlos an' the stools, Paety Tvial y iBSo) 1. 118, in Ellis Pronuuc.
(1889) V. 795. Kcd. She on this lonely moor, 'tis said. Her course
does nightly ca', Jamie Muse (1844) 61. Abd. With' them aff
what we could ca', Ross Hclenore (,1768) 75, ed. 1812. Frf. My
father wad lead wi' a bairn, But wadna be ca'd for the de'il,
Laing Wayside Flis. (1846) 138. Ayr. When Jockey's ovvsen
hameward ca'. Burns Young Jockey. Kcb. A body in a hoose like
this Maun ilka day keep ca'in', Armstrong Ingleside (1890) 139.
5. In phr. (i) to call about, to search for; also used as
a sb. ; (2) — at, to strike ; (3) — awa', to go on, proceed ;
(4) — bye, to stand out of the way, come by ; (5) — canny,
to go gently, proceed cautiously ; (6) — down, Ut) to drive
down; (b) to throw down; (7) — fair through, to cut
through; (8) — in a chap, to (oWow up a blow; (9) — on,
to fi.x, fasten ; (10) — over, to overturn, knock over; (11)
— tee, to shut to, close ; (12) — through, (a) to cut through ;
{b) to go through any business with activity and mettle ;
also used as a sb., great energy ; a disturbance, uproar ;
(13) — together, to put together, make ; (14) — up, to search
thoroughly; also used as a sb.; (15) — them all through
one ford, to treat all alike, irrespective of person or quality;
(16) — coivs out 0/ the kailyai-d, see below ; (17) — the crack,
to keep the conversation going ; ( t8) — the hogs to the hill.
to snore; (19) — the girr, to trundle a hoop; (20I — the
nail to the head, to carry a matter through, proceed to
extremities; (21) — sheep, to stagger in walking; (22)
-Ihe-shultle, a weaver; (23) — one's way, to go on,
proceed.
(i ) Bnff.' They caed-aboot-for't through the hail hoose. We've
hid a caan-aboot for ye a' mornin'. (2) Sc. You caa hardest at
the nail that drives fastest, Kelly Prov. (1721) 371 (Jam.). (3)
Rnf. I'm wantin' my bumps read, sae jist ca' awa', Neilson /"ofw/i
(.1877)50. Ayr. Ay I ay! doctor, noo ca' awa and haud aff ye.
Service A^o/n;;f/K;;/s (1890) 3. (41 Cum.' (5) Sc. The pulpit was
so infirm from age that ... he had previously been warned by one
of the heritors to ca' canny, Dickson ^4uld Mm. 1^1892) 43. Per.
They ca' cannie for a year or sac, Ian Maclaren Brier Bush
1,1895) i88. Fif. 'Ca' canny, Tibby,' returned Tam. 'Dae naething
hasty,' M'Laren Tibbie (1894) 120. Ayr. We maun ca' canny
mony a day yet before we think of dignities, G \i.-c Proi'ost \\B2z ^ ii.
Nlib. The new labour doctrine of ' Ca' canny ' is simply this — that
a workman who is paid at a low rate of wages shall not give his
employer the best work in return; that he shall, in fact, ' ca'canny,'
or go easy, Nezvc. Even. Chroii. t^Oct. 2, 18961 ; ' Ca' canny' lias
been very curiously adopted in a ballot-paper issued to the
dockers as an alternative to ' strike,' and is explained to mean that
the men should give a weak rather than a strong service to their
employers, A'c2vc. Dy. Leader (Oct. 3, 1896). (6) Bnff.' The herd
loon caed doon the nout t'the water. The maisons li.ae begun to
ca doon the aul' hoose. (7) ib. He caed fair through the bane wee
a shave. (8) Abd. (Jam.) ,9) Sc. To caw on a shoe (Jam.). (101
Bnff.' The han'less lassie caed our the queed [tub] an' spilt a*
the ale. ( 1 1 J Elg. Ca' tee the door, Sammy, an' snaik it, Tester
Poems (18651 '°7- Nhb.' Caa-tee the yett. (12, « BnH.' 'J>)
Sc. There was siccan a ca' thro' as the like was never seen,
Scott y/;i//>/»ai;v 1,1816) xxiv. Buff.' He's a servan' it hir a ca-
through we's wark. Lnk. (Jam.) (13) Abd. Get your teels an'
ca' a bit fraime thcgidder, Alexander Johnny Gibb (1871) xvii ;
Indeed it's nae ill ca'd thegithcr, Beatties Paiiiigs > 1801) 18.
^13, a) Bnff.' (14) Bnff.' He caed up the hail hoose, bit he cudna
get it. (15) Nhb. Ca' them a' through j'cn ford i R.O.H.). (16)
Sc. He has nae the sense to ca' the cows out o' a kailyard ' Jam.) ;
He abused his horse for an auld doited, stumbling brute, no worth
ca'ingoutof a kailyard, P(7//ion/ 7V?/ts(i823) I. 226; "Iwadnacaw
him out o' my kale-yard,' spoken of a very insignificant person, of
whom no account is made (Jam.V (17) Ayr. To ca' the crack and
weave our stockin. Burns Ep. J. Lapraik (Apr. 1. 1785^. St. a ; We
ca'd the crack, him and me, till twa o'clock this mornin'. Service
CALL
[494]
CALLER
Nutandums (1890) 116. Gall. Sometimes tlie ploughmen . . .
came to 'ca' the crack,' Crockett Siinbomiet (18951 ix. (18)
Abd. ' He's cawin' his hogs to the hill,' said of one who by his
snoring indicates that he is fast asleep (Jam.). (19 Ayr. 1 was
a happy wee callan ca'ing the girr on the street, Service Dr.
Diigtiid (1887) 185. Lnk. I rin awa, Tae ither climes my girr to
ca', Thomson Musings (1881) 188. Lth. I ca'd my girr frae break
o' day. Smith Merry Bridal ti866; 34. (20) Abd. And though 'tis
true and true it is, I grant, To marry you that Lindy made a vaunt,
. . . But to the head the nail ye maunna ca', Ross Hdenore (1768}
93, ed. 1812. e.Ltli. Mak up your mind til't, . . . ca' the nail to the
heid. Hunter J. Inwick (1895) 67. (21) Fif. Borrowed from the
necessity of following a flock of sheep from side to side, when
they are driven on a road (Jam.). (22) Sc. A puir ca'-the-shuttle
body, Scott Rob Roy (1817) xjcvi. (23) Abd. Ca' your wa'. The
door's wide open, na sneck ye hae to draw, Ross Helaiore 1,1768)
83, ed. 1812.
[IV. 1. The qwhipe he tuk, syne furth the mar can call,
Wallace (1488) vi. 457. 3. In every place seviii ply thai
well and call, Douglas Eiuados (1513), ed. 1874, iii. 182.]
CALL, V?- Sc. Yks. Written ca' Bnff.' ; cal w.Yks.^ ;
coll w.Yks.i; kail vv.Yks.; kalw.Yks.5 [ka, kal.]
L To tattle, gossip, spread reports ; to run about idly.
Gen. with about.
Bn£f.' A heard something o't ; bit I sanna ca-aboot the story.
Yks. Where's th' wife, lad ? — She's callin a bit, hearing the tale, and
telling the tale (M.N. 1. ne.Yks.' Sha's nobbut a plain "un ; sha's
awlus callin' aboot. e.Yks. Yow've been callin' about somewhere
(.S.O.A.). m.Yks.i w.Yks. Onny on ye 'at comes an kals wi'
me, y*5. Wkly. Post (Nov. 28, 1896) ; Wimmin sat calin' wi' ther
elbows a ther knees t'day throo, Tom Treddlehoyle Bainisla
Ann. (1872) 31 ; w.Yks.i They're seea keen o' collin an raukin
about, ii. 340; w.Yks.^
Hence (i) Cal, sb. {a) a gossip, idler; (b) talk, gossip;
(2) Caller, sb. a gossip, idler ; (3) Call-hoil, sb. a place
for gossip ; (4) Calling, («) j'W. s/;. gossip, scandal, idling;
(b) ppl. adj. gossiping, idling ; (5) Calling-hoil, (6) -shop,
see Call-hoil.
(i,n! w.Yks. Yks. N. &^ Q. (1888) II. 109. (A^m.Yks.i w.Yks.
They who stand gossiping are having a little ' cal 'or 'kal,' chit-chat,
Hamilton Nugae Lit. (1841) 352. (2) w.Yks. When I began to
watch at first I wor determined to hev no kallers, Bradford Life,
46; w.Yks.s (3) w.Yks. (S.P.U.); w.Yks.3 (4, a) n.Yks. A
houtlandish hignorant place where talkin scandal is * kailin,'
Fetherston Snmggins Fam. 3. w.Yks.^ \b) w.Yks. A calin
wumman uses but little threed, Tom Treddlehoyle Bainisla Ann.
(1847)51. (5) w.Yks.3 (6) w.Yks. It's no wt na better than a calin-
shop, Tom Treddlehoyle Bairnsla Ann. (1868) 40.
2. To crouch, cower.
w.Yks.^ He cals ovver t'fire o' t'day.
[1. Cp. Du. kallen, to chat, prattle; kal, babbling or
prating (Hexham); MDu. kallcii, to prattle (Verdam) ;
MHG. kallen, ' schwatzen ' (Le.xer).]
CALL, see Caal.
CALLA, see Callow, sb.'^.
CALLACK, sb. Sc. [kalsk.] A young girl. Inv.
(H.E.F.)
[Gael. caileag,a. little girl, a lassie (Macleod& Dewar);
dim. oC cnile, a girl (Macbaik).]
CALLAG, sb. l.Ma. The pollack, whiting-pollack,
Merlaiigits pollacliiiis.
l.Ma. A string of callag or blockin, Browne Doctor (1887^ 68 ;
Pron. always 'callag' in the south, and 'killick' in the north of the
island. Very commonlj' used at Castletown t,T.E.lJ.).
[Manx kelleig, pollack (Kelly).]
CALL ANif, s(^. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks.Lan. (?) Also
in form calland Sc. (Jam.) Nhb.' [kalanit, kalsnd.]
1. A boy, lad, young man, stripling. Also used as a
term of affection to older persons.
Sc. My mother sent me, that was a hafllin callant, Scott Gny M.
(1815) xi, Elg. Set to wark yer blue-coat callans. Tester Pontis
(1865) 166. Abd. He was aye a stiaucht-oot-the-gate callant,
Alexander Johnny Gibb (1871) xxiii. Kcd. Within their cleanlj'
kitchen Rocked a cradle sure enough, Owre an heir, a comely
callant, Grant Lays (1884) 67. Fif. Hinds, plowmen, lairds, and
cottar callans, Tennant Papistry (1827) 71. Rnf. O gin I saw but
my bonny Scot's callan, Tannahill Poems (1807) 144, ed. 1817.
Ayr, In days when mankind were but callans, Burns To
IV. Simpson (17851 St. 20. Lnk. I'm but a callan, Ramsay Gentle
Sliep. (1725) 13, ed. 1783. e.Lth. Whan I was a callant I ne'er
saw flour breid in my faither's hoose, Hunter /. Inivick (1895)
146. Edb. Grandfaither died when I was a growing callant, MoiR
Mansie Wauch (1828) i. Bwk. He was sure now that the callant
was his own son, Henderson Pop. Rhymes (1856) 86. Gall. Fine
I mind o't, though I was buta callant, Crockett 5//(^'i/ Mm. (1893)
103. n.Cy. Border Gl. {Coll. L.LB.); N.Cy.» Nhb. Nyen but
varry cliver callants Could larnin's lether raoont se hee, Wilson
Pitman's Pay (1843) 57 ; Nhb.' Collier callants, so clever. Collier's
Pay Week (1801). e.Dur.' Cum. Sin' lal toddlin' callans were
we, Anderson Ballads (1808) 90. w.Yks. Willan List IVds.
(181 1). Lan. Nor a callant to tak' him by thorns and say Boh!
RoBY Trad. (1872) II. 213.
2. A girl.
Wgt. Found only in the tv. of Gall. (Jam.) ; e.Dur.'
[Cp. Bremen dial, kalaiif, a customer ( U'tbch.) ; LG.
(Saxony) caland, customer, friend (Berghaus); EFris.
halaiitjl-laiil (KooLMA^i); Fr. (Picard) a/Z/az/fi', a customer
unto a shop (Cotgr.) ; Fr. clialand (chalant), a customer
[ib.) ; OFr. chalant (Hatzfeld).]
CALLARDS, sb. pi. Hmp. I.W. [k^lsdz.] Cabbage,
the leaves and shoots of cabbage.
Hmp. (W.M.E.F.); Hmp.' I.W.' ; I.'W.^ I do like a bit of
bwoyled ham wi' zum callards.
CALLAS, see Callus.
CALLENDER, sb. Suf Ess. [kce'landafr).] The top
soil from a clay or gravel pit.
Suf. (F.H.) Ess. Morton Cvclo. Agric. (1863); Still used
(H. H.M.I.
CALLENGE, sb. and v. Glo. I.W. Dor. Som. Written
kallenge I.W.' Glo.^ [kas'ling.]
1. sb. A challenge.
l.W.i Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873).
2. V. To challenge.
Glo.'2 Dor. (A.C.); (W.C.) Som. W. & J. G/. (1873V
[1. Calenge or provokyng to do armes, chaknge, Palsgr.
(1530) ; Thou hast j'broujt ous out of cry Of calenge of
the fende, Shoreham (c. 1315) 131 (Matzner). 2. pi derne
dea^ o rode . . . calengcs al mi heorte, Honi. (c. 1175), ed.
Morris, I. 275. AFr. calenge, accusation, challenge (La
CuRNE) ; calenger, to challenge (Moisy).]
CALLER, sb. Nhb. Dur. Written caaler Nhb.'
[kalar.] An official at a colliery, whose duty it is to go
round from house to house to call up the men for work.
Nhb.' Nhb., Dur. The 'caller' dizn't call te morn, Wilson
Pitman's Pay (1843) 14 ; In former times he [the caller] used to
knock at each door and tell the inmate to ' waken up and go to
work, in the name of God ! ' Greenwell Coal Tr. Gl. (1849'.
e.Dur.'
CALLER, adj. and v. Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks.
Also written callar Cum. ; callour, cauler Sc. (Jam.) ;
cawler Abd. Lnk. [kalsr.j
1. adj. Of fisli, vegetables, iScc. : fresh, in proper season,
newly caught or gathered.
Sc. There's fish, nae doubt, — that's sea-trout and caller haddocks,
Scott Antiqiiarv (1816) ii ; Cauler nowt-feet in a plate, Rams.vy
Tea-Table Misc!(iq2n) I. 86, cd. 1871. Frf. Ellis Proninic. (1889)
V. 755. Edb. Nothing had we but the cauler new-laid eggs, Moir
Mansie IVaiich (1828) viii. Lth. Haddies caller at last carting,
Macneill Poet. IVks. (1856) 171. Slk. Dinna fash wi' cisters the
nicht — for this has been a stormy day and they're no caller, Chr.
North Nodes (ed. 1856) III. 246. n.Cy. Border Gl. {Coll. L.L.B.i;
Callar ripe grosiers, Grose (1790); N.Cy.' Nhb. (J.Ar.) ; Nhb.'
Very familiar in the street cry, ' Here's yor caller harrin.' e.Dur.'
n.Yks. (I.W.) ; n.Yks.'
2. Of air or water : cool, fresh, refreshing.
Sc. I do better with caller air, Stevenson Catriona (1892) xii ;
I think the air is callcrcr and fresher there than onywhere else in
the country, Scott Rcdg. (1824) Lett. xi. Abd. Fine clear caller
water, Alexander Johnny Gibb ( 1871) ii. Kcd. O for a vvaught o'
caller ale, Burness Thrummy Cap{c. 1796) 1. 192. Frf. A chimney-
stack that rose high into our caller air. Barrie il/. Ogilvie (1896 1
21. Per. The caller air o' the hills, Ian Maclaren Brier Bnsh
(1895) 150. Rnf. We miclit breathe the caller air. Young Pictures
(1865) 157. Ayr. I walked forth to view the corn. An' snufT the
caller air. Burns Holy Fair (1785) St. i. Lnk. How halesome is't
to snulf the cawler air, Ramsay Gentle Shep. (1735) ^°> ^- 1783-
CALLER
[495]
CALLOW
e.Lth. Let niebide aniang kcnt faces, an' breathe caller air ! Hunter
J. Imvick \ ifigs^i 149. Dmf. Parcli'd up \vi' licat nae caller streams
I'o wect their hasses, Mayne StUer Gnu 1 1C08 ; 32. Gall. The air
was still caller, but the sun had already taken the chill ofl", Crockett
Raiders (18941 xii. Kcb. The gouksits mute . . , waiting the caller
tide, Davidson Seasons {1789, 62. N.Cy.' Nhb. Piaise steem-
boat trips an' caller air, Tyiicside Siigs. led. i8gi i 409. Nhb.' It's
a fine caller mornin'. Dur.' Cum. Thur callar blasts may wear
the boilcn sweat, Relph Poems (1743) 3 ; 67. 1,1851). w.Yks.
WiLLAN List IVds. (18111.
3. In phr. (i) as caller as a kail-blade, 3.S refreshing and
cool as possible; (2) as caller as a trout, used of persons :
in good health, rosy, plump.
(I > So. 'I'he dew, and the night-wind, they are just like a caller
kail-blade laid on my brow, Scott Muiloihiim (i8t8\ xvii ; Grose
(1790) MS. add. (C.) (2) Abd. She's just as cawlcr as a trout,
Tho' five an' fifty, BEATTiES/'nn'//^s : 180O 3 ; For well she throove
and halesome was and fair. As clear and calour as a water trout,
Ross Heleiwrc (1768) 11, ed. 1812.
4. V. To freshen, cool, refresh.
Sc. A night amang the heather wad caller our bloods, Scott
Rob Roy (i8i7i 313. Gall. tA.VV.)
[1. In jie kirkjard 5estrewen vves lad ane ethiope, & jet
his flesclie is caloure Inucht iS: als fres, Let;. Saints
(c. 1400), ed. Metcalfe, II. 302. 2. The callour air,
Douglas Eneados (1513) iii. 77.J
CALLER, see Callow.
CALLET, sb."- and v. Sc. Nhb. Yks. Lan. "Written
callit n.Yks.= e.Yks.» m.Yks.' [kalat, ka-lit.]
1. sb. A prostitute, trull ; a drab, dirty woman.
Sc. Thou foolish callet, art thou confederate with this vagabond?
ScoTT Monastery (1820) xxv. Ayr. M3' wallet, my bottle, and my
callet, Burns yo/Zy Beggars (1785) St. 6; Here's our ragged brats
and callcts, ib. st. 62. w.Yks.', Lan.', ne.Lan.'
2. A scold, virago, constant fault-finder ; a quarrelsome
person.
N.Cy.' n.Yks.i A stormy, or at least loud, use of the tongue is
the leading idea in the word ; and unchastity not thought of in nine
cases out of ten when the word is applied ; n.Yks.^ e.Yks.
Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889) ; e.Yks.', m.Yks.' w.Yks. Hutto.n
Tour to Caves yi-fii). ne.Lan.'
3. V. To scold, rail, wrangle, grumble.
N.Cy.'^, Nhb.' n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.^'l'iiey snapan'callit likea couple
o' cur dogs. e.Yks. Those women were calliting (H.E.W.) ;
e.Yks.i
Hence (i) Cs.\\t\.mg, ppl.adj, (2) Callety, m;)'. scolding,
quarrelsome, ill-tempered ; I3) Calleting-bout, sb. a wordy
quarrel, mutual recrimination.
(i)n.Cy. A calleting housewife (K.") ; N.Cy.', Nhb.', n.Yks.'
(2) n.Yks.'2 e.Yks. Nicholson Fl/i-Sfi. (1889) ; e.Yks.' A callity
awd dceam. (3^) n.Yks.^, e.Yks.'
4. V. To gossip, talk.
n.&e.Yks. (R.H.JI.), ne.Yks.l, m.Yks.' w.Yks. (T.T.) ; Ah
can get on wi' my work an' callet at t'saam time (K.P.T. I.
Hence (1) Calleter, sb. a gossip; (2) Calleting,///.
adj. pert, saucy, gossiping.
^i) w.Yks. Eh ! ah didn't tliink ye'd 'a* said ah wur a calleter
(F.P.T.). (2) w.Yks.' Lile tetchy, calletin monkey, ii. 287. ne.Lan.'
[1. Paillarde, a strumpet, callet, Cotgr. ; A beggar in
his drink could not have laid such terms upon his callat,
SnAKs. Ut/i. IV. ii. 121. 2. A callat Of boundless tongue,
who late hath beat her husband And now baits me, Siiaks.
M^'iiit. T. II. iii. 90 : I rampe, I play the callet, je ranipoitne,
Palsgr. (1530). 3. To callet, to scold, Bailey (1721).]
CALLET, ,96.2 Rxb. (Jam.) The head.
CALLET, see Callet.
CALL HOME, vbl. pin: 'Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor.
1. To remember, recollect, call to mind ; to remember
a person's name.
w.Som.' Dev. I can't, jist theasc minit, calt-home when 'e died,
Hewett Peas. Sp. (1892 j ; I know your face quite well, but I can't
call 'ee home, Reports Provide. (18871 4. nw.Dev.' Cor. I shouldn't
'a knaw'd 'ce for a minit. Caan't caal 'cc home, Pasmore Stories,
4. w.Cor. I caant call home when he left (M.A.C.).
2. To publish the banns of matrimony, geti. for the
third time.
Wil. Slow Gl. (1892^ ; 'Wil.i They tells I as 'ow Bet Stingymir
is gwain to be caal'd whoam to Jim Spritely on Zundy. Dor. You
was not called home this morning, Hardv Tess (iSgi) 267, ed.
1895; (W.C.l; Barnes Gl. ^1863-. Som. W. & J. Gl. (i873\
w.Som.' To publish the banns for the third time. Dcd-n noa' dhai
\vuz gwaa*yn tu bee maa reed ! wai*, dhai wuz u-k^'aa'ld oa*m laas
Zun'dec.
Hence Calling-home, vbl. sb. the publication of the
banns.
Dor. The edge of the performance is taken olT at the calling home,
Hardy Creriind. Tree {1612) H. 181.
CALLIAGH, see Cailleach.
CALLIARD, sb. Yks. Lan. Der. Written callierd
Lan.' nc.Lan.'; calliatt n.Yks.' [ka'liad, ka-ljad.J A
hard blue siliceous stone; a bed of tlie lower coal. Also
used altrib. See Calyon.
n.Cy. Grose I 1790). n.Yks.' w.Yks. Hutton Tour to Caves
(1781 ; Geo/. Siiri'. Vert. 5ff/. , Sheet 43 ; It wasa bigblew calliard
stone (F.P.r.i. Yks., Der. Woodward Geol. £>ig. and IVales
(1876) 77. Lan.', ne.Lan.'
[Der. fr. the stem of Fr. caillou (a flint stone), w. sufi".
-ard. Cp. Fr. dial, c/inil, Lat. calculus (Hatzfeldj.]
CALLIATT, sec Calliaid.
CALLIEVER, see Caleever.
CALLIFUDGE, i'. and sb. Yks. In form callifugle
w.Yks.3 [kalifud.^.]
1. v. To cheat, deceive ; to cajole, flatter, ' soft soap.'
Cf. fugle.
w.Yks. (.S.P.U.') ; Thah can't callifugle me, docs ta see ' (B.K.');
Leeds Mere. Sup[>l. (Feb. 9, 1884) 8; What areyou califudging at ?
(J.R.) ; w.Yks.3
2. sb. Nonsense, humbug, 'fudge.'
w.Yks. Ther's a gooid deeal o' cahludge i' th' world, Hartley
Budget (i&-}o) 122; (B.K."); That talc's nowt but cali-fudge, i«rfs
Mere. Siippl. (Feb. 6, 1892).
CALLIMANCO, CALLIMANKY, see Calamanco.
CALLING-COURSE, sb. Nhb. Dur. Written caalin-
course Nhb.' The time at which the men are called to
go to work by the 'caller' (q.v.).
Nhb.' Nhb., Dur. * There's then ne callin' course te keep.' Note.
Should it happen that there is no caller, then one of the f.imilj- has
this charge, and is said to have ' the callin" course te keep,' Wilson
Pitman's Pay (1843) 45 ; Greenwell Coal Tr. Gl. (1849. e.Dur.'
CALLIS, si.' Obs. Sur. Also written callus. A
lean-to, shed, mostly used as a vegetable cellar.
Sur. Trans. Philol. Sac. I 1854") 83.
CALLIS, sb.^ Lin. Nhp. Wil. Written caUice Nhp.*;
callus Wil.' [kalis, Wil. kae'Us.]
1. Sand of a large grit. Nhp.^
2. Conip. (i) Callis-sand, white scouring sand; (2)
-stone, a species of gritty earth spread on a board and
used to sharpen knives.
(I) n.Lin.' y2) Wil.', n.Wil. (W.C.P.I
[1. The same as Callis, Callice, 16th cent, forms of the
name Calais, noted for its sands. 2. We dry a writing
with blotting-paper, or calis-sand out of a sand-box,
HooLE Coiiieiiius (1659), ed. 1777, 116 (N.E.D.).]
CALLISES, ."ib. pi. Lin. Also written calasses Grose.
The name given to certain alms-houses at Stamford.
Lin. The wool staple of Calais was of great importance in Stam-
ford, and is the origin of the curious local name of' Calliscs' for
'alms-houses,* these having been freelv built for deca3'ed members
of the Staple, Lin. N. & Q. (April 1891) 68, Suppl. ; Lin.' [Grose
(1790).]
[The pi. of Callis, i.e. Calais, see above.]
CALLOCK, see Cadlock.
CALLOT, sb. Sc. Also written callet. [kalat] A
woman's ' mutch ' or cap, without a border.
Sc. In gauze or gowden callot, Donald /*(J<";»s 1867') 177. Ags.
(Jam.V Frf. Auld warlocks . . . tore the witches' callets, Beattie
Aniha (c. 1820) 49.
[Calot, a cap without hair, worn under a hat, Blount
(1681). Fr. calotte, a coife, or half kerchief for a woman,
also, a little light cap, or night-cap, worn under a hat
(Cotgr.).)
CALLOUR, see Caller.
CALLOUSE, see Callus.
CALLOVI'', adj. Udf Drks. Ken. Sus. Wil. Also
w'rittcn caller Brks.' [kjels.]
CALLOW
[496J
CALOO
1. Of land : bare, with little covering. Of underwood :
thin, scanty. Cf. callow, sb.^
Brks. 1 To • lie caller ' is to lie bare or without crop. Ken. (P. M.) ;
Ken.' Also used of underwood thin on the ground. 'Tis middlin"
rough in them springs, but j'ou'll find it as callow more, in the
high wood. Sus.' The woods are said to be getting callow when
they are just beginning to bud out ; Sus.'^
2. In phr. to liecallow. Of persons: to lie in a cold, exposed
manner, with few clothes and the curtains undrawn. Ken.^
3. Pale, wan.
Bdf. Of a person in bad health : ' Why, how caller j-ou look ! '
Also applied to a slack-baked loaf, to cheese and butter of an
unusually light colour, and occasionally to a faded flower (J. W.B.).
4. CoJiip. Callow -wablin, an unfledged bird.
Wil. Britton Beaii/iis (1825) ; Wil.'
[The same as ME. and OE. caht, bald ; G. ka/il.]
CALLOW, sb.^ Ken. e.An. Also written calla, caller
Nrf.' Suf.' [kffi-la.] The stratum of soil covering the
subsoil; the surface of the land removed to dig for
stones, &c. See Callow, adj. 1.
Ken. ;P.M.^, e.An.', Nrf.i Nrf., Suf. Morton Cvclo. Agric.
(1863). Suf. Raineird^^mc (iSig'iaSg, ed. 1849; (F.H.) ; Suf.'
Hence Callow frost, plii: a surface frost. Ken. (P.M.)
[Cp. MDu. caliiwe, baldness, also, the bare ground,
surface laj-er or soil (Verd.\m).]
CALLOW, sb? Irel. A marshj' or low-l3'ing meadow
by the banks of a river; a landing-place for boats.
Ir. iV. &■ O. 8th S. (1897) xi. 466.
[In calaidh, a marshy meadow, Joyce Ir. Names &=
Places, Ser. I. 448.]
CALLOW, V. Sh.I. Also written kallow (Jam.)
S. & Ork.i To calve, bring fortli a calf. S. &: Ork.'
Hence Kallowed, />/>/. adj. calved.
Sh.I. (Jam.) S. & Ork.' A new-kallow'd cow.
CALLUS, sb., adj. and v. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Yks.
Der. Lin. War. Wor. Glo. Oxf. Suf. Sur. Wil. Som. Dev.
Cor. Also written calls Glo.' Oxf.'; callas Cum.':
callis e.Yks.' w.Yks.^ n.Lin.' Wil.' ; callouse Sc. n.Yks.^
Glo.' Der.= nw.Der.' ; kallus Nhb.' [kalas, kaelas.]
1. sb. A hard permanent swelling, tumour, corn.
Sur.' Dev .3 I got a callus 'pon my little toe. Cor.' s.v. Cab ;
Cor.3
2. The top soil removed to get at gravel, &c.
Suf. We fared a long time gettin" this load o' gravel, but it was
covered with callous (C.G.B.).
3. adj. Hardened, horny.
Dev.3 His hands be so callus yu mid knaw he work'th hard.
The\' ropes made my hands callus wi' haling um.
4.1/. Of a gathering, (ic. : to grow hard. Of a broken
bone : to begin to heal, to enlarge.
w.Yks.3, Der.2, nw.Der.'
5. Of cuttings of plants, &c.: to skin over, heal, coat over.
War.3 The cuttings . . . should be put in a frame . . . until they
have ' callused,' Hole Roses {ei. 1896) 281. ne.Wor. (,J.W.P.},
Glo. (S.S.B.)
6. Of soil : to harden, coagulate into a mass, 'cake.'
Ant. When the road callouses down (,W.H.P.). e.Yks.', n.Lin.',
n.Wil. (W.C.P /, Wil.'
Hence Callused, ppl. adj. (i) Of soil : hardened, caked
by frost, &c. ; (2) J]g. hard-hearted, indifVerent ; (3) hard
to the touch, hornj' ; (4) stopped up with hard pieces.
(i) s.Wor.', Glo. iJ.S.K.SO, Glo.', Som. (F.A.A.) (2) Ayr.
Seeing that she was sae calloused, I thocht better o"t mysel',
Service Dr. Duguid {i88fj 100. (3) Nhb.' A hard lump in the
flesh is called a runched or kallust place. Cum.' n.Yks.^ A sair
callous'd hand. (4") Oxf.' Our chimbley smoked cause the chimbley-
pot wus rcglar calised up wi' sut, MS. add.
[1. Cal/iis [La/.), a kind of hard flesh, Phillips (1706).]
CALLUS, see Callis.
CALLY, .s/;. Lan. [ka-li.] Plain cotton cloth, calico.
e.Lan.' s.Lan. I have not woven a dozen yards of cally all day
(S.W.) ; Still used I'F.E.T.).
[Shortened fr. calico.']
CALLYVAN, sb.^ Som. Also in forms carryvan,
clevant, clivan, acclivan, vant. A pyramidal wicker
trap, about eighteen to twenty ins. in diameter and nine
ins. in depth, used to catch birds.
Som. Jennings Obs. Dial. w.Eng. (1825) ; W. & J. Gl. (1873) ;
You be got into a trap. You be like a wren in an acclivan
[should be written ' aclivan,' which is a contraction for ' callyvan '
(.F.T.E.l], RwmoKD Mislerlon's Mistake (1888) 296. e.Som. The
bottom is flat and close woven — the top depressed to a hole at
about two inches from the bottom. This is the entrance for the
birds. It is usually baited with crumbs or com. A common word
in e Som., but not so used in w.Som. (F. T.E.I
CALLYVAN, sb.'^ Yks. Lan. Som. Written callivan
eLan.'; kallivan Lan. Caravan, a house on wheels,
used by gypsy hawkers or in wild-beast shows ; any very
large carnage.
Yks. (J.W.J Lan. There'll be a callyvan here in a bit, Waugh
Jannock (.1874) ix ; Till some spekilative mortal geet a lot o' kalli-
vans, Staton B. SIniiUe Boivtun,^,. eLan.' w.Som.' Kaalcevan.
CALM, s6.' Lin. e.An. Also written kalm Suf.' ;
cam Lin.' ; kam- Nrf.' Suf.'; karma e.An.' [kam.]
1. The concreted scum of bottled liquors ; a fungoid
growth on jam, vinegar, &c. Also called Mother (q.v.).
Cf. cain, i'.
e.An.', Nrf.i Suf. Never used of the scum in a boiling pot
i.F.H.).
Hence Calmy, adj. having a thickish scum on the top,
' mothery.'
e.An.', Nrf.' Suf. (F.H.) ; Cuf.'
2. Matter, corruption.
Lin. Stkeatfeild Liii. and Danes (1884) 320 ; Lin.'
[Cp. LG. kaaiii, the fungoid growth on the surface of
wine, beer, vinegar, jam (Berghaus) ; G. ka/nii.]
CALM. sA.^ Sc. Irel. Nhb. Also written cam Nhb.';
caulm, caum Sc. (Jam.) ; kaam S. & Ork.' ; kam N.I.'
[kam, Ir. also kam.J
1. A mould, frame, esp. a mould in which bullets are
cast. Gen. used in pi.
Sc. Caum is sometimes used in the sing., but more rarely. Any-
thing neat is said to look as if it had been ' casten in a caum '
(Jam.); Fleming Fulfilling Scripture (1726). S. & Ork.' Abd.
As protty speens as ever Young turn't oot o' 's caums. Alexander
Johnny Gibb ^1871) -xl. N.I.', Nhb.'
2. Fig. In phr. in the calms, in course of framing, of
construction.
Sc. The matter of peace is now in the caulms, Baillie Lett.
(1775) 11. 197 (Jam.\
3. A small iron pan or melting-pot used for melting
grease, resin, &c.
Ir. Squeezing a large lump of hog's lard, placed in a grisset, or
kam, on the hearth, Carleton Traits Peas. (1843) I. 156. N.I.'
Uls. Making money as if he had a cam on the fire [a local para-
phrase for 'coining'], Chanibeis Jrn. (1856) V. 139; Formerly in
use for holding grease, in which rushes were dipped to make rush-
lights. Ulster Jm. Arch. (1853-1862^ S.Don. Simmons Gl. (1890}.
CALM, adj. Sc. Yks. Also written caulm Sc. (Jam.)
L Smooth, even.
Sc. Calm ice is ice that has no inequalities (Jam.").
2. Mild, in contradistinction to frosty or sharp. Cf.
caumy.
n.Yks. It's a calm daaj' (R.H.H.) ; Fairly common (M.C.F.M.) ;
n.Yks.' 'Ah thinks it's a bit caumer' ; spoken on a perfectly still
day, when a thaw appeared to be commencing after the con-
tinuance of a storm, or fit of severe weather, with snow, lasting
ten or fifteen days.
CALM, see Cam, sb?
CALMES, see Caulms.
CALMS, sb. pi. Obs. Mon. The cogs in the axis of
a wheel.
Mon. A spoke of wood, which is drawn back a good way by the
calms or cogs in the axis of the wheel, Ray (1691) 16. [(K.)]
[Cp. EFris. X'rt;« (kaiiiin), cog of a mill-wheel (Koolman),
G. kainm, cog. The same word as E. comb.]
CALOO, sb. Sh. & Or.I. Nrf. Also written calaw
Sh. & Or.I. (Jam.)
1. The pintail A\ick, Dajila acuta. Also called Coal-and-
Candle-light (q.v.).
S. & Ork.' Or.I. The pintail duck, which has here got the name
of the caloo or coal and candle light, from the sound it utters,
Barry Hist. Or. J. (.1825) 301 (Jam.). Nrf. Cozens-Hardv Broad
A';/. (1893) 51.
CALOURIE
[497]
CAM
2. The long-tailed duck, Horelda glacialis.
Sh & Or.I. SwAiNSON Birils (1885) i6i ; It is known as'calloo.'
■which is there supposed to represent its song, Smith Binh
(1887) 492.
CALOURIE, sb. Sc. Cockweed, Lychnis Githago.
Fnf. Kaluuri, Ellis Pioiiunc. (1889) V. 747.
CALSEY, see Causey.
CALSHES, sb. Sc. Part of a boy's dress, consisting of a
slip-dress buttoned behind and forming jacket and trou-
sers for j'oung boys, and vest and trousers for older ones.
Sc. For bien I'o'ks callans maun be braw Wi' calshes an' a jacket,
Watson Clirystoii Fair, st. 3 (jam. Siipfi!.^.
[Cp. OFr. caiices, ' brayes, culottes, chaussures, has'
(Roquefort) ; Fr. cliaiisses, drawers.]
CALSHIE, ailj. Sc. In form calshich Bnff. Crabbed,
ill-humoured, rude.
Sc. Gin she but bring a wee bit tocher And calshie fortune
deign to snocher, Morison Poems 1,1790) 82 (Jam.). Bnff. He's a
gey calshich lad (W.C.).
CALUM, see Culm.
CALUMNIE, V. Obs. Sc. To calumniate.
Fif. Dan Vicar, wi' his ban. Did blast and calumnie the man,
Tennant Papistry (1827) 68.
[Fr. calomnier, to calumniate (Cotgr.).]
CALUTED, ppl. adj. Bdf. Idiotic, stupid, dull of
comprehension. (J.W.B.)
CALVARY, CALVATRY, see Cavaldry.
CALVE, 11.^ Yks. Chs. Wor. Glo. Also written cawve
Chs.' ; cauve w.Yks. [k9v, kav.]
1. In phr. to have a cow calve, to be left a legacy.
Wor. Wliat makes Thomas so free in treating? — Why, his uncle's
cow's calved (W. B.). s.Wor.' His last cow has calved now, I
expect. Glo. (A.B.); (S.S.B.)
2. To fail to accomplish a piece of work in time for the
week's payment. Cf calf, 5.
w.Yks. (J.T.) ; He's cauved a set of cops this week, an' addles
HttIe(W.A.S.). Chs.'
CALVE, 1^.2 and 56. Yks. Not. Lin. Rut. Lei. Nhp.War.
Wor. e.An. Sus. Colon. Also written carve Rut.' ; caiif
Lin. ; cauve ni.Yks.' Not.' n.Lin.' sw.Lin.' Lei.' ; cave
War.3 \Vor. Shr.' e.An.' Nrf.' Suf ' ; cove e.Yks.' ; keeve
Suf [kav, k9v.]
1. V. Of earth or soil : to give way at the edge, to fall
into a hollow, slip or fall down. Gen. with in.
n.Yks. (I.W.), e.Yks.', m.Yks.', Not.' n.Lin. Cuttin's and
tunniis cauvin' in upo' foaks, Peacock 7n/^s (1890 : 96 ; We alwa^'s
say ' calved in,' not 'caved in,' N. tf Q. (18731 4th S. xii. 275.
n.Lin.' sw.Lin.' It cauves in as fast as I can throw it out. Rut.'
The well ca'ved-in, and all the town was in an uproar. Lei.' If
the wull sog iiad cauved in upon im a'd nivver a got aout aloive.
Nhp.', War.^, Wor. , J.W.P. 1 Slir.' Two men wun buried alive
in sinkin' a well at Le Bot'ood las' vvik ; it caved in on 'em six
yards dip. e.An.' Nrf. Come yaw away from that there pit ;
mayhap that may cave in, and yaw may git a mischief i,W.R.E.).
Nrf.', Suf.' Sus. Very common. A'. & Q. U873) 4th S. xii. 275.
[Can. He was always going to dig a well; ... he did start one,
but it caved in before he came to water, Roper Traik and Trail
(1891) vi. Aus. The * hanging-wall ' caved in, and showed us the
true reef again, Vogan BIk. Police 1 1890) vii.]
2. To crack in clods, as soil does in dry weather.
Midi. Toone Diet. (1834). Nhp. Bkockett Gl.
3. sb. A fall of earth, a landslip, a bulging or falling in
of a wall, &c.
Lin. Some 'bankers' were engaged in widening a drain.
Suddenly three of them jumped out of the cutting, shouting out,
' Tak heed, lads, there's a cawlf a comin',' A', fa* Q. (1873) 4th .S.
xii. 275; Common (A. A.) ; Miller & Skertchly /Vn/aHrf (1878)
127. Rut.' They'm had a big carve-in, I soopoase, by that grave
that they're digging. Nhp.' When the earth is expected to fall it
is commonly said ' We shall have a calf.'
[Cp. Du. itit-kalveu, to fall or shoot out, said of the sides
of a cutting or the like.]
CALVE, see Carve, Cauve, Cave.
CALVEN, pp. and ppl. adj. Dur. Yks. Chs. Written
cauven s.Chs.'; cawven n.Yks."' Chs.'
1. pp. Calved.
n.Yks. Mother, our Crockey's cawven sine't grew dark, Meriton
Praise Ale (1684) 1. i. Chs.', s.Chs.'
VOL. I.
2. f pi. adj. Of a cow: having lately calved.
e.Dur.' n.Yks. He scU'd a new cawven cow (I.W.) ; n.Yks.' ^
ne. Yks. '^In common use. e.Yks.' She's a new cauven un. Chs.'
s.Chs.' U nyoo'-kauvnt ky'aay fa new-cauvent cai].
CALVER, sb. Sc. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Ken. A cow
in calf or that has had a calf Also used atlrib.
Sc. (.Jam.) Abd. I sold my calver cow yesterday (G.W.). Cum.
Very common (J. P.). Wm. He that scll'd me 'tothcr day a barren
cow and a calf, for a calver, Hun on Brati New Work 1 785) 1. 322.
e.Yks. We use the expression * in calver' for a cow in calf, and
when the calf is born , the term ' good calver ' is applied to the cow,
if she is abundantly supplied Willi milk (J.N. ). Lan. In common
use. Of a cow that has borne one or more calves ; * Hoo's a d — d
good cauvcr' [breeder] ;S.W."). Ken. (P.M.)
CALVES, sb. pi. Van dial. uses. In coinp. (i) Calves-
dropper, a small tub from which calves are led ; (2) -feet,
(a) the plant charlock, Sinapis arveiisis; (b) the hawkwecd
or \\3.\wk.h'ii, Apargia \ (3) -henge, a calfs entrails or pluck;
(4) -snout, the snapdragon, Aniinhiniini minus; (5) -trins,
calves' stomachs used in cheese-making. Also called
calf-trundles (q.v.J.
(i) nw.Dev.' It has a handle at one side, formed by a hole in
a longer stave than the rest Sometimes called Drapper only.
(2, a) War. Glo. (W.H.C.); Glo.' (A) n.Glo. (;in Dumbleton]
gathered to make wine, called Calves-feet wine ^J.D.R.) ; (H.S.H.)
(3i Cor.' (4) Cor.2 (5 1 Wil.'
[(4) Teste de veaii, calves-snowt, Cotgr. ; Antirrhinum
... in English, Calues snout, Snapdragon, Gerarde Herb.
(cd. 16331 55°-]
CALYON, s6. Obs. e.An. In phr. calyon and mortar,
the ordinary flint and boulder walls of the Suffolk
churches. See Calliard. e.An. Nall Gl.
[Calyon stone, calioii, Palsgr. (1530) ; Calyon, rounde
stone, nidus. Prompt., ed. Pynson (1499); In the accounts
of the Churchwardens of Walden, Essex (1466), among
the costs of making the porch, is a charge for 'calyon and
sonde ' (Hist. Audhy End, 225), among the disbursements
for the erection of Little Saxham hall in 1505, is one to
the chief mason for 'calyons and breke' (Rokewode's
Plundrcd of Thingoe, 141), Way's note to Prompt. 58. Fr.
caitlou, flint-stone, with change of suff., see Littre.]
CAM, si.' and t-.' Sc. Nlib. Dur. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Also written camm n.Yks.^; kam Yks.; kenim n.Yks.' ;
kame Sc. Nhb.'; kaini Sc, q.v. [kam, kem.]
1. sb. The crest of a hill, a ridge.
Ayr., Lnk. (Jam.) s. v. Kaim. N.Cy.' Cam-Fell is the great
ridge between Pen3'gent and Whernside. Cum. Rosthwaite Cam
and Catsty Cam, Linton Lake Cy. (,1864") 215.
2. A hedge-bank, earth thrown up from a ditch, an
earthen mound or dyke, rising ground.
n.Cy. Grose (1790I Suppl. ; N.Cy.' Nhb.' The hoonds hcd
a gran run, but some o' the field hcd sair tues at the finish gcltin'
owcr the cams. Dur.' e.Dur.' Tak' some o' that cam off. Yks.
Morton Cydo. Agric. (1863^ n.Yks. '* ne.Yks.' Git them cams
cleaned. e.Yks. Marshall Tfio-. £rOH. (17881. m.Yks.' w.Yks.
Lucas Stud. Nidderdalc (c. 1882) 241 ; w.Yks.' Climinin' th' cam
brist heigh, ii. 359.
Hence Camside, sb. the earthen bank upon which
a hedge is planted.
n.Yks. Av gedhard simnarins, butarkups, 3n vilsts of t'kamsaid.
T'kamsaid ol bit t'best mOn wit saith t,W. H.) ; T'kam sahd's lull
o' primrooases, Tweddell Clevcl. Rliyiiics (1875) 27. ne.Yks.'
He's fettlin up t'cam sides. m.Yks.'
3. The upper portion of a stone fence formed of sharp
serrated stones ; also applied to the stones themselves.
Lakel. Formed so as cttectually to turn the Ilerdwick sheep,
Ellwood ( 1895). Cum.' Wm. If i' [a wall] had been a single
cam heegher, it [a cuckoo] cudii't a gitten oot, Briggs Remains
1 1825) 118. n.Lan. A Yorkshire kam torns ship as wil as aut
(W.S.V
Hence Camstones, sb. pi. the coping or top-stones of
a wall. Wm. (W.S.), n.Yks.=»
4. V. To form a bank, as for the purposes of enclosure ;
to confine within a boundary.
n.Yks.' It's te nae guid takkan jon bit o' moor in : why there's
nae sods tc cam wiv [the soil i.i so very poor, no sward has ever
formed] ; n.Yks.* Camm'd up. ne.Yks.' Thoo's camm'd it ower
high.
3T
CAM
[498]
CAMEL
[1. Cp. Norw. dial, kainb, a comb, crest, ridge (Aasen) ;
ON. kaiitbr, freq. in local names of a ridge of hills
(Vigfusson).]
CAM, sb.^ and v.^ So. Nhb. Wm. Cor. Also written
camb N.Cy.^; caum Sc. ; calm Nhb.' [kam, kani.]
1. sb. Clay-slate; fluor-spar; a whitish indurated shale.
N.Cy.i Nhb.' It is got at Great Swinburne Mill, and at other
places where beds of clay-slate have been partially baked by whin
dykes. ' Here, too (near Housesteads), a bed of terrified limestone,
with one of coam or pencil schist, lies diagonally in the basaltic
cliff," Hodgson Nhb. III. 288. Wm. (J.H.), Cor.'^s
2. Coiiip. (i) Cam-pencil, a soft slate pencil; (2) -stone,
pipeclay used for whitening hearths, leather-work, &c.
(i) Nhb.' (2) Sc. A pail of whiting or camstane, as it is called,
mixed with water, Scott Guy M. 11815) xxxvi ; A spindle o'
bourtree, A whorl o' caumstane, Chamuers Pop. Rhymes {i&qo)
329. Fif. Tarn Pethrie's horse, a scurvy hack, Wi' lades o' cam-
stane on his back, Tennant P«/>/s/ry (1827I no. e.Lth. Mebbe he
michtna be as white as camstane, Hunter /. Imvick (1895) 178.
Edb. The pipeclayed breeches . . . many a weary arm did they
give me — beat-beating camstane into them, MoiR Matisie IVaiich
(i828> 76. Gall. O's that bairns make on the flags with soft
camstone. Crockett Gicy Man (1896) 148.
3. V. To whiten a hearth, to ornament with patterns in
white clay.
Frf. Floors were sanded and hearthstones ca'mcd, Barrie
Toiiiiiiy (1896) vi.
[2. (2) At the base of the hill . . . you meet with several
layers of camstone, . . . which is eas)' burned into a heavy
limestone, Stirlings. S/a/ist. Ace. (1795) XV. 327 (Jam.).]
CAM, adj., adv., sb.^ and v.^ Lan. Chs. Glo. VVil. Also
written kam Glo. [kam, ksem]
1. adj. Crooked ; obstinate, perverse.
Lan. Grose (^1790) MS. add. ^P. ) ; Things is o' cam, Kay-
Shuttleworth Scarsdale (i860) II. 155. Glo. Grose (1790)
MS. add. ( M.) Wil. They there wosbirds zimd rayther cam and
mischieval, Akerman Springtide (1850J 47 ; Thee'st as cam as a
peg (G.E.D.).
Hence (i) Cam-handed, adj. awkward, cltimsy; (2)
Cam-manart, adj. ill-contrived, awkward.
{1) Wil.i (2) Chs.i
2. adv. Awkwardly, crooked.
Wil. A woman generally throws cam (G.E.D.) ; (W.C.P.)
3. sb. Contradiction, perverse argument.
Lan. (J.D.) ; Lan.' When he meets wi cam there's no good to
be done. It's clean cam. an' nowt else.
4. V. To make crooked ; to tread shoes out of shape.
Lan. Davies Races (1856) 228 ; Tha should walk straight and
not cam thi shoes so (C.J.B.); Lan.' He cams his shoon at th'
heel. Chs.'
Hence Camming, vbl. sb. treading shoes out of shape.
Lan. When I was a lad an old cobbler, who mended my shoes,
used constantly to charge me with what he called a sad trick of
camming them, Gaskell Leetiiirs Dial. (1854) 7.
5. To cross, contradict, bicker, argue.
Lan.' I'll cam him, an' get up his temper. Chs.' Dunna thee
ston' cammin aw day ; Chs.^ s.Chs.' Dij)nu ky'aam* tii mcy
[Dunna cam to mey].
Hence Camming, vbl. sb. altercation, bickering, quarrel-
ling.
Lan. Thrice happy in the enjoyment of an occasional ' bout of
camming' in the loom-house, N. & Q. • 18681 4th S. ii. 99.
[2. Coidrepoi/, d coiilrcpoH, against the wool, the wrong
way, quite kam, Cotgr. ; This is clean kam, Shaks. Cor.
III. i. 304. Gael., Ir., Wei. cam, crooked.]
CAM. see Calm, sb."^ Comb.
CAMB, see Cam, sb.'^
CAMBAUTE, sb. 'Wxf.' A crooked bat or stick. Sec
Cammock, sb.'^
CAMBER, sb. Ken. Hmp. A dock or basin.
Ken. So called in Sheerness dockyard (H.M.). Hmp. At
Portsmouth there is a part of the harbour called the Camber,
Hoi.loway ; Still in use (G.A.W.).
CAMBER-RAIL, see Cambrel, 56.'
CAMBIE-LEAF, sb. n.Sc. (Jam.) The white water-
lily, Nyiitphaea alba.
CAMBLE, sec Cample, v}
CAMBORNE, sb. Cor. A drubbing, beating. Cf.
Camborne hoys, s.v. Boy.
w.Cor. Very common expression. Its origin is as recent as the
last twenty years (MA.C). Cor.^ During certain riots in Cam-
borne the cry * Give him Camborne ! * originated, and since then it
has spread through the county.
CAMBOTTLE, see Canbottle.
CAMBREL, sb} Sc. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Der. Not. Lin. Lei. Nhp. War. Also in forms
cambril n.Yks.'^ ne.Yks.' w.Yks.^^s chs.' nw.Den' Not.
sw.Lin.'; kaameril S. & Ork.' ; camrail n.Cy. n.Lin.';
canirel n.Cy.; cammerel N.C}'.' Nhb.' Dun' wYks.';
cammarel Cum.' ; cammeril w.Yks.'': cammerell n Yks.'
Nhp.'; caumerill n.Yks.' ; caumril ne.Yks.'; caumeril
e.Yks. m.Yks.' ; cormerill Yks.; caameral n.Lan. ;
cameril w.Yks.^ ; combrill e.Yks.' ; kamril w.Yks. ;
canierill n.Lin.' ; camber-rail w.Yks.^ ; and in form
gambrel, q.v. [kambrl, kam-rl.] The notched rail
upon which slaughtered animals are hung by butchers;
known also as Cambrel-joint, Cambrel-stick, Cambrel-
tree.
S. & Ork.', n.Cy. (K.), N.Cy.', Nhb.', s.Dur. (J.E.D.^, Dtir.',
Cum. (M.P.), Cum.' n.Yks. Gan an' fetch t'camril to hing t'pig
up on (W.H.); n.Yks. '2, ne.Yks.' e.Yks. As cruked as a
caumeril, Marshall /?M>-. £fo«. (1796) ; e.Yks.', m.Yks.' w.Yks.
Lucas Stud. Nidderdale (c. 1882^ 242; (F.K.) ; w.Yks.' = 35 Lan.
Gaskell Lectures Dial. ( 1854) 7. n.Lan. Dhat kamaral's not
Strang anuf (W.S.). Chs.', Der.', nw.Der.' Not. ^W.H.S. );
Not.' The cambrel is used only for mutton, veal, and pork, the
Stick used for 'beasts' being called a beef-tree. n.Lin. Sutton
]Vds. (1881); n.Lin.', sw.Lin.', Lei.' Nhp.' Also called Buckcr.
War.23
[Cambrel, a crooked stick with notches on it, on which
butchers hang their meat, Bailey (1721). Cp. obs. Eug.
cainbren, with the same mg., see Blount (1670). Wcl.
cambreii, a butcher's tree ; a crooked piece of wood used
to hang up a pig or other slaughtered animal ; cam,
crooked +pren, wood, stick (S. Evans).]
CAMBREL, s6.2 Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Lin.
Also written cammerel Nhb.' w.Yks.' Lan.'; camrel Yks. ;
cambril w.Yks. Chs.' Der.^ sw.Lin.' ; -camril w.Yks. Lan.'
sw.Lin.'; cammeril e.Lan.' ; camerill, camberill n.Lin.'
[kambrl, kam-rl.] The hock of any animal.
Nhb.' Cum. (M.P.); Cum.' Yks. If the camrel joints in the
hind legs are much swelled, rub them with the following mixture,
Knowlson Farrier (1834) 106. w.Yks. (D.L.); w.Yks.' Hees
dung some hair off his nar cammerel, ii. 304; w.Yks.* n.Lan.
Mai mier's hort har 'kamarol ^W.S.). Lan.' Hit it o'er th' camril
an it'll goo. e.Lan.', Chs.', Der.^, nw.Der.', n.Lin.' sw.Lin.' We
used to hopple them just above the cambrils.
[But he's a very perfect goat below, His crooked
cambrils arm'd with hoof and hair, Drayton Nymphal
(c. 1631) X. I5I9(Nares); Chapelet du jarrct, the bought
of the ham, the cambrel hogh of a horse, Cotgr.]
CAMBRIDGE, V. Lin. to roll with a Cambridge roller.
n.Lin.' An agricultural implement which takes its name from its
inventor, Mr. 'W. C. Cambridge. We Caambridg'd them to'nups
as soon as thaay was sawn.
CAMBRIDGE-OAK, sb. Cmb. Slang. Also in form
Cambridgeshire Oak. The willow-tree.
Cmb. Willows are so called as a reflection on this county for its
marshy soil, where only those trees will grow, Grose (1790)
Local Frov.\ Hone Every-day Bk. (1S26) I. 1080. Slang. Farmer.
CAMBUCK, sb. e.An. Written kambuck Suf.' ; cam-
mock, camuck, cammick Suf Also in form camlic
Suf. The dry stalk of dead plants, esp. hemlock and
otlier Umbcllifcrae.
e.An.' Nrf.' Of legs lacking a goodly calf it is said, ' His legs
are like cambucks.' Suf. (C.T.) ; (F.H.); Suf.' As dry as a
kambuck.
CAM(E, see Come.
CAMEL, sb., V. and adj. Som.
1. sb. Carpenter's term : a convex divergence from a
straight line.
w.Som.' Of a beam or rafter, if bent, it would be said, ' Puut-n
ee-n pun dhu kaa-mee-ul ' [put it in upon the camel].
CAMEL-RIGG'D
[499]
CAMOMINE
Hence Camel-back'd, aiij. longitudinally convex.
w.Som.'
2. V. To curve outwards, bend in the middle, 'sag.'
w.Som. ^ Dhik racftur du ka.i'mceul moo'ur-n tiic un'shez
[that rafter is more than two inches convex].
3. adj. Convexly divergent from the straight line.
w.Som.'
CAMEL-RIGG'D, adj. w.Yks.' [kamil-rigd.] Of
animals : having a high, crooked back.
CAMEL'S-HAIR, sb. Cld. (Jam.) The vertebral
ligament, the 'fick-fack.'
CAMERAL, sb.^ So. Also written cawmril BnfT.'
A spawned haddock.
Sc. A cameral haddock's ne'er guid Till it get three draps o'
May flnde. Chambers Rhymes (1870) 200. Bnff.'
CAMERAL, sb."^ Rxb. (Jam.) Also written cameril.
A large, ill-shaped, awkward person.
CAMERIL, see Cambrel, sb.^
CAM EWES, phr. Glo. Sea-gulls.
Glo.' Cam is a place near Dursley.
CAMIL, sb. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written cammel
Cor.; camel Dev. Cor. [kasmil, kasml.] (i) Camomile,
Atilliciuis nobilis: in//, the camomile flowers; (2) Yarrow,
Achillea iitillcfolium ; (3) In pl.Flea-bnne, Inula dysen/ciica.
(11 Som. Cot. Muiilkly Mag. (1808) II. 544 ; Cor.'2 (^2; Dev.
(31 Dev. Science Gossip (,1873) 235.
f(i) Du. kaiiiille, camomile, G. kamille.]
CAMLALIKE, adj. Obs. Sc. Sullen, surly.
Abd. I saw a curn o' camla-like fallows wi' them, Journey ft:
London. 8, in Scots Poems in Bitchan Dial. i;i785}.
CAMLET, sb. Wbs. Sc. Lan. Som. Also written
camblet.
1. A fine woollen material, a kind of close waterproof
cloth.
Edb. A camblet morning-gown and a pair of red slippers, Moir
Mansie IVaiicli 1 1828) 104. w.Som.'
2. A cloak or other garment made of the above material.
Lan. But Parker's camblet was true bhie, Halliwell Pal. A iitliol.
(1850) 70. w.Som.' Before mackintoshes were invented kaa mints
were as common as the former now are.
[As for our fine stuffs, as grogeram, and camblet, they
be made of camels hair, as some do affirm. Swan
Speatliini Mundi (1670) 398. Cp. Du. kauirlot, chamlot
(Hkxham); Holstein dial. /'««//oi', ' kameelhaarener Zcug
daher wahrscheinlich und weil dieses gewohnlich gestreift
ist' (Idiolikon). Fr. cainelot.]
CAMLIC, see Canibuck.
CAMM, sec Cam, .sV;.'
CAMMACK, sb. Or.I. A stroke with the hand. Or.I.
(Jam.), S. & Ork.i
CAMMACK, see Caramock, sb.^
CAMMAS, sb. e.Fif. (Jam.) A coarse cloth.
[A lang pece of cammes, sewit with silk unpcrfiteof the
armes of Scotland, Jitz'eiiloncs (1578) 215 (Jam.).]
CAMMED, adj. and adv. Cum. Win. Yks. Lan. Chs.
Also written caimt Lan.' n.Lan.' ; kanied ne.Lan.';
kaimed Cum.' ; kaimt Cum. Wm. ; kaynit Cum.'
[kamd, ke nid.]
1. ad/. Crooked, awry; also Jiff, cross, ill-tempered.
See Cam, ad/.
Lakel. Ellwood (1895). Cum. Linton Lake Cy. (1864) 299;
Cum.' An than set to wark an' wieatt doon three or fewer o'
t'kaymtest an' t'crcuktest [words 1, Iiiliod. 24 ; Cum. 3 Aberram
was varra kaim't and tcll't me to tak them 'at wasn't brocken, 4.
Wm. Net sa kaim'd an hungert ... as them as erseea abiis't, Spec.
Dial. (1885") pt. in. 38. w.Vks. As cammed as a dog's leg. Hoo's
as cammed as a wiskct i D. L. '. Lan. Eh! hoo's in a terrible
camm'd humour today ! Gaskell Z.ff/;(;fsZ);Vi/. 1 1854^ 7 ; Davies
Races (1856) £28; Lan.' Thou'rt gettin camm'd as a crushed
whisket, VVaugh Old Cronies (1875) vi. n.Lan.', ne.Lan.', Clis.'^
Hence Kaimtly, adj. restive, disinclined for work.
Cum. Horses out-liggan, and lean, and kaimtly, Dickinson
Cinubr. ( 1876) 242.
2. adiK Perversely, crookedly.
Lan.' Good lorjiis deys ! it's not to tell hcaw camm'd things con
happ'n! Tim Bobbin /{'X-s. (ed. 1750) 61.
CAMMEL, sb. Sc. A crooked piece of wood used as
a hook to hang anj'thing on. Cf. cambreli sb.^ Rxb.
(Jam.)
Hence Cammelt, adj. crooked.
Rxb. A cammelt bow 'Jam.).
CAMMEREL, adj N.Cy." Crooked.
CAMMICK, sb. Sh.I. A preventive, a stop. Sh.I.
(Jam.), S. &Ork.'
CAMMOCK, 56.' Wor. Bck. Hrt. Sus. limp. I.W.'Wil.
Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Also written cammack Dev. ;
cammick Bck. I.W.* Dor.'; camniic Cor.^; kemmick
w.Som.' ; and in forms kamics, kramics Som. [kae mak,
■ik.J (I) The plant rest-harrow. Ononis anieiisis; (2) a
name given to almost any plant with a yellow flower, e.g.
Hypericum perforatum, Seiurio Jacobaea, Pulicaria dysen-
ierica ; (3) Lolus coriiiculatus, bird's-foot trefoil ; (4)
Achillea millefolium, yarrow.
(i) s.Wor. (H.K.), Bck. Hrt. There are two sorts of this stinking
weed : the one has a honey-suckle head, the other spires up with
a sort of grassy leaf, above a foot high, Ellis Mod. Hnsb. (1750)
III. i. Sus., Hmp.i, I.W.'2 Wil. Davis .-J^nc. (1813); Wil.'
Dor. Gl. (185O; (C.W.); Dor.i Som. W. & I. Gl. (1873I;
A'. & Q. (1877) 5th S. viii. 358; (W.F.R.) w.Som.i Kenvik
(rare). Dev. (.W.L.P. 1, Cor.^ 12 Hmp. Wise A'ra' /"u;ri/ 1, 1883)
281 ; Hmp.', I.W.2 (3) Dev. We sat down on a thymy bank,
And culled sweet camniock flowers, Capern Ballads 1,1856; 15, ed.
1858. (4) Dev.
Hence Cammocky, ad/. Of milk, butter, or cheese :
tainted, as when the cows have been feeding on cammock.
Sus., Hmp.' I.W.' ; I.W.2 A onny gid me zome fousty bread
dree weeks wold and a bit o' wold cammicky cheese. Wil.'
[|i) Botigrande, cammock, rest-harrow, ground-furze,
petty-whin, Cotgr. ; Bondga. cammock, ' resta bovis,'
Florid ; Calillo, an herbe called cammocks, Mi.nsheu
(1623).]
CAMMOCK, sb.'^ Sc. I. Ma. Also written cammok,
camack, cummock Sc. ; cammag I. Ma. [ka'mak.]
1. A curved stick, esp. one used in the game of hockej'.
Sc. Airlie crooks the tree that good cammock should be. Ray
Prov. (1678^ 361. Per. (Jam.) Ayr. To tremble under Fortune's
cummock, Burns On a Bard, st. 7.
2. The game of hockey.
Sc. One of the most spirited camack matches witnessed for
many years. . . . Matches were played on the policy before the
house of Drakies, at the camack and foot-ball, Edb. Evng. Courier
(Jan. 22, 1821 i (Jam.). I.Ma. Don't be playing cammag witli me,
Caine Man.xinan (1895 1 pt. vi. xiv.
[Hoc pedum, cambok (Nomitia Ludonim), Vac. (c. 1425)
in Wright's Vac. (1884) 666. MLat. cambuca, ' baculus
incurvatus' (Ducangi;).]
CAMMOCKS, sb. pi. Ess. Also written canimicks,
cammacks. [kasmaks.] Broken victuals, small pieces
left at a meal.
Ess. Arch. Soc. Trans. (1863) II. 183; Leave none of your
cammocks. Come on, eat your cammacks up ^W.W.S.).
CAMMON, sb. Sc. Irel. Also in forms cammons,
commons, [ka'man.]
1. The game of hockey ; see Cammock, sb.^
Sc. (Jam.) Ant. Two parties of boys ranged on opposite sides
endeavour to drive a ball through their respecti%'e wickets placed
two or three hundred yaids asunder. . . . The wicket is formed
of two branches stuck into the ground at 3 or 4 feet distant, and
the ends above tied together so as to form an arch. . . . These
branches are called Teats, and the place where each wicket is
fixed is called the Gawly, Grose 1790) MS. add. (C.) Ldd. A
popular game about Christmas, N. & Q. (1874) 5th S. i. 91.
S.Don. Simmons Gl. (1890I.
2. The stick or club used in the above game.
Ant. Grose (1790") MS. add. (C.)
CAMOMINE, sb. Sc. Lan. Shr. Also in forms camo-
vyne, carniovine, camowyne Sc. ; cammony Lan.
[ka'mamain.] The camomile, Aiitheiiiis iiobilis.
Abd. On the camowyne to lean you down, Ross Heleiiore
(1768) 124, ed. 1812. e.Ltb. I no mind o' my mither ever keepin
drugs in the hoose, unless it micht be castor ile an' carmovine.
Hunter J. Inivick (1895') 146. Lan. Aw sowd o that fine
cammony, Collins Poems (1859) 54. She' Kam-u'mein.
3 T 2
CAMP
[50°:
CAMP-SHOT
CAMP, sb} and v} Dur. Cum. Yks. Lin. War. Bdf.
Cmb. Nrf.
1. sb. An encampment, a gypsy's tent.
n.Lin.i Ther' ewsed mostlin's to be a campo' gipsies i' th' laane
ageaii Shawn dike. War.^
2. Coiitp. (I) Camp-bed, a four-poster with a curved top
formed of wooden latiis withi cross-bars let into them ;
(2) -kettles, rehques of bronze of various sizes found on
the line of the Roman roads ; (3) -meeting, an open-air
meeting for reUgious purposes held by the Primitive
Methodist Connexion.
(l) e.Dur.* The framework opens in the middle, for taking down.
(2) N.Cy.l (3) w.Yks. (J.W.), n.Lin.' Cmb.' The Primitives are
going to have a camp-meeting in Boyce's field ne.xt Sunda3'.
3. V. To live in tents, take one's meals out of doors.
Cum. 'We're campin' this summer,' said a gentleman on the
Geological Sur\'ey iM.P.^. Bdf. A party of persons sitting together
(under a hedge, for example) as the labourers do at harvest-time,
when they eat their meals, are said to be ' camping ' under the
hedge (J.W.B.).
Hence Camper, sb. a gypsy, itinerant tinker, &c.
Cum. Name usually given to the itinerant potter or vagrant, the
top of whose cart serves for a bed-curtain on the ground (,M.P.).
n.Lin.l
4. Of birds : to flock together, gyrate in the air.
Nrf. The rooks are camping, Ni/. Arch. (1879) VIII. 168.
CAMP, z/.= and sb.'^ n.Cy. Yks. Lan. [kamp.]
1. V. To talk, chat, gossip. With out: to go to other
people's houses to chat or gossip.
n.Cy. Grose (1790). w.Yks. Sho stands campin at t'yard end
thro morn to neet, Banks IVkfld. Wds. (1865) ; (C.C.R.)
Hence Camping, vbl. sb. gossiping.
Yks. A gossip who freq. goes into a neighbour's house is fond
of camping out,' Til-bits {Aug. 8, 1891) 280.
2. sb. A chat, a talk. Cf. cank, v.^
m.Lan.i Aw ne'er enjoy owt as weel as a good camp.
CAMP, sb.^ and v.^ Obs. e.An. Also written kamp,
kemp e.An.^
1. sb. An ancient form of the game of football.
e.An.' Two goals are pitched at the distance of 120 yards from
each other. In a line with each are ranged the combatants ;
the number on each side is gm. twelve. The ball is deposited
exactly in the mid-way. The sign or word is given by an
umpire. The two sides, as they are called, rush forward.
The contest for the ball begins, and never ends without black
eyes and bloody noses, broken heads or shins, and some serious
mischiefs. The prizes are commonly hats, gloves, shoes, or small
sums of money. Nrf. In the old newspaper we meet with a number
of advertisements relating to the old-fashioned and now almost obs.
gameof 'camp,' Clyde A')/ Ga)7aHrf(i872) xxi. Suf.(F.H.); Suf.'
Formerly much in use among schoolboys, and occas. played by men.
Sometimes school against school, or parish against parish.
2. V. To play at the above game ; to kick.
e.An. Ray (1691) ; e.An.' Nrf. Grose (,1790). Suf. (K.)
Ess. Arc/i. Soc. Trans. (1863) II. 183 ; (.W.W.S.)
Hence (1) Camping,ziW.si.,seeCamp, 56.^; (2) Camping-
ball, sb. a ball used in the above game ; (3) Camping-
land, sb., (4) Camping:pightel, sb. a piece of ground set
apart for the game of camping.
(i) e.An. 2 I have heard old persons speak of a celebrated
camping, Nrf, against Suf., on Dip Common, with 300 on each
side. Before the ball was thrown up, the Nrf. side enquired
tauntingly of the Suf. men, if they had brought their coffins !
The Suf, men, after 14 hours, were the victors. Nine deaths were
the result of the contest, within a fortnight ! Nrf.' Sut. I know
old men who engaged, when young, in camping (F.H.). (2)
e.An.' The same name is sometimes misapplied to the common
light football. (3) e.An.' In the little parish of East Bilney isa small
strip of land, near the church, which is called the camping-land.
A large piece of pasture land at Stowmarket is still called the
camping-land. Nrf.' (4) Suf. The camping pightel joined to the
East side of the churchyard, and was let for 135. i\d.a year. Cullum
Hist. Hawsled (1813) 124 ; Remembered by old folks (F.H.).
fl. The same word as ME. camp, martial contest, fight.
Alle the kene niene of kampe, knyghtcs, Morle Arth. (c.
1420) 3701, ed. Brock, 109. OE. camp (Beowulf). 2. Get
campers a ball, to campe therewithal!, Tusser Hush.
(1580) 60; Campyn, pcdipilo, Prompt]
CAMP, sb.* and i-.* Sc. Lei.
1. sb. A heap of potatoes or turnips earthed up in order
to be kept through the winter. See Bury, sb.^
Bwk. Stirv. 293 ijAM.). Midi. Marshall Riir. Econ. (1796) IL
Lei.'
2. V. To store potatoes, &c. for the winter. Lei.'
CAMP, see Kemp.
CAMPEL, see Cample, v}
CAMPER, V.' Der. War. Fit. Shr. Also in form
comper- Der.° nw.Der.' [ka'mpsfr), kEemp3(r).] To
reply saucily. See Cample, i'.' War. (J.R.W.)
Hence (i) Campering, vbl. sb. saucy, impertinent
language ; {2) Campering, ppl. ac^., (3) Campersome, adj.
lively, high-spirited.
(I) Fit. Stop that camperin, will tha (T.K.J.). (2) Shr.' Young
Dicken rides a fine camperin' 'orse to markit. — Aye, an' 'c's a fine
camperin' fellow 'isself. (3) Der. Grose (1790; MS. add. (P.) ;
Der.2, nw.Der.'
CAMPER, v.'^ Won To entangle, join together. Cf.
cample, i'.^
s.Wor. Take care that they chains don't get campered (H.K.).
CAMPERKNO'WS, sb. Lan. Ale-pottage, in which
are put milk, sugar, and spices.
Lan.' [Grose ', 1790).]
CAMPERLASH, sb. Chs. Also in form caperlash
Chs.'^^ Abusive language. Cf amperlash.
Chs.' 2 3 s.Chs.' Kiim, non u dhi ky'aampOrlaash [Come, none
o' thy camperlash].
CAMPERLECKS, 5*. pi. Bch. (Jam.) Magical tricks.
CAMPHIRE, sb. Cum. The plant Crithmuin mariti-
niiim.
[An old form oi camphor. Camphre, camphire, Cotgr.;
My beloved is unto me as a cluster of camphire, Bible
(ed. 1611) Song of Sol. i. 14.]
CAMPHOR, V. Rut. [ksmfafr).] To give camphor
in medicine.
Rut.' I says to her, ' He'll be a-camphorin' of you, Martha.'
' Oh yes, sir, he's a deadl3' man for camphorin', is Dr. Brown.'
CAMPLE, v} and sb. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan.
Chs. Lei. Nhp. Hrf Also written campel Yks. ; and in
forms cawmple Lan.; cemple Lan.'; comple w.Yks.'
Nhp.' ; campo n.Cy. Chs.'^; camble Sc. n.Cy. Chs.'^
X. V. To scold, bully; to retort, answer pertly, argue. Cf.
camper, i^.' See Camp, v.^
Sc. (Jam.) n.Cy. Grose (1790) ; N.Cy.', Nhb.', Cum.' 'Wm.
Yer need nit say I was camplin, er snappish ta me ladder, Close
Satirist (1833) 158; They've taen to craa an' cample, Bovvness
Studies (1868) 42. n.Yks.3 w.Yks. Hutton Toi<r to Caves
(1781); WiLLAN Lis/ Wds. (i8rr) ; w.Yks.' Foak may talk an
cample feeafuUy, ii. 310. Lan. Hoo cample't an' snapt, as no
mortal can tell, Waugh O/d Cronies (18751 v ; Lan.' n.Lan. If
things iz'nt t'l hiz maind hi kampls terbly (W.S.I ; n.Lan.', e.Lan.',
Chs.'3, Lei.', Nhp.' Hrf. He didn't drive the sheep quiet, but
kept campling 'em about (W.W.S.).
Hence (i) Campling, j*//. adf, (2) Camply, adj. quarrel-
some, impertinent, scolding.
(i) Yks. A campeling housewife (K.). w.Yks. Howd thi
camplin din (D.L.) ; w.Yks.' A lile, threapin, complin, Dannot,
ii. 288. Lan. A camplin snicket, Yisman. Comic Ann. (1880) 8;
He says to Jim, ' tha cawmplin' wastrel foo.' Cleworth Da/tie
Z)/'fit ^l888) 35. Lei.' Shay wur a very camplin' woman. Nhp.'
He's a complin fellow, and will have the last word. (2) n.Yks.
He's varry camply ^I.W.).
2. sb. Talk, angry words.
Lan. Yo know aw've no neighbours to have a bit ov a cample
to, Waugh Tatllin Malty (1867) ii ; He will slatter some cample
off at th' edge o' that under lip of his, ib. Snowcd-up, i ; Lan.'
CAMPLE, v.^ Won [kse'mpl.] With prep, wilh : to
meddle with. Cf. camper, v.'^
s.Wor. The London doctors said they wouldn't cample with his
bad eye, for fear he should lose the sight of it altogether (H.K.).
CAMPO, see Cample, v.^
CAMPRULY, adj. s.Sc. (Jam.) Contentious.
CAMPS, see Kemps.
CAMP-SHOT, sb. and v. Thames Valley, Sun Hmp.
Cor. Also in forms -shed, -shut-, -shoot-, see below ;
camshet- Hmp.'
CAMRIL
[50X]
CAN
1. sb. A facing of piles and boarding along the bank of
a river.
Thames Vail. The 'campshot,' as it is termed on the Thames, is
the wooden boarding and piling that keeps up the bank of the river,
Francis Angling 1^1880, 61 i^note).
2. V. To face the bank of a river with piles and planks ;
also, gen. to fence (a field).
Sur. The Richmond Vestry . . . campshedded it (the eyot below
Richmond Bridge), Daih Neivs (Oct. 2, 1882) 6. Cor. There was
crutches inside . . . an' splints enough to camp shed a thirty-acred
field, 'Q.' Ticv Town (1888) xi.
Hence Campshuting, vbl. sb., see 1, above.
Hmp. The old gentleman . . . moved slowly down along the
camp-shuting. . . . Then the lad . . . slipped over the camp-shoot-
ing (will anybody tell me how to spell that word?), Kingsley
Ravens/ioe [1862) III. 201; There is a campshutting (a boarding
in English) upon which you can put your elbows, C. Kingsley
Clialk-stream Studies 1,1858) in Misc. (.1859) I. 182 ; Hmp.'
[Prob. of Du. origin. Cp. Du. kamp, a piece of ground,
field -t-sf/zo/, partition, boarding. In Du. dials, kamp is esp.
used for a piece of ground surrounded by a ditch, see
MoLEMA (1887). See also Dahnert Pomeranian Dial.
(1 781).] . •
CAMRIL, see Cambrel, sb.'^
CAMSHACH, adj. Sc. Also written camshack,
camscho, campsho, camscheugh, camschol.
1. Crooked, distorted.
Lnk. A monkey with a campsho face, Ramsay Poems (1727) II.
478, ed. 1800 (Jam.).
2. Fig. Cross-grained, ill-tempered.
Sc. Bet camshach wife or girnin gett, Taylor Poems (1787) 170
(Jam.). Abd. Pate had caught a camshack cair At this uncanny
wark. Skinner Poems (1809) 7. Dmb. Her camseuch faither and
a thrawn auld limmer o' a servant lass, Cross Disiiiption (cd.
1877) viii. Rnf. It gaed at last frae camscheugh words, Picken
Poems (1788) Nowadays.
[1. That cruiked, camschoche croyll (dwarf), Mont-
COMERIE Flyting (ed. 1629) 295; Wyth crukit camschow
beik, Douglas Eneados (1513), ed. 1874, iii. 77.]
CAMSHACHLE, v. and adj. Sc. Also written cam-
shade, camschacle, camshaucle, kamshackle.
1. V. To distort, pull askew, throw in disorder, upset ;
also jig. See Shachle, v.
Sc. Ill twassle your thrapple in a giffy an' ye think tae cam-
shacle me wi' your bluid thristy fingers. S/. Patrick (1819) II. 191 ;
Meg o' the mill camschachlit me, Old Siig. (Jam.) e.Fif. Tibbie
and Mrs. Sooter had gotten a' their duds camshackled, Latto
Tarn Bodkin (18641 xxix.
Hence Camshackled, ppi. adj. crooked. A\so Jig.
Feb. Nac auld camshaucliled warlock loun, NicoL Poems
(1805) Dajt Days.
2. adj. Involved, intricate, confused. ,.
Slk. It's sae kamshackle. I canna word it, HoOG Tales (1838)
36, ed. 1866.
CAMSTEERY, adj. Sc. Nhb. Also Sus.(?) Also
writlcn camsteerieSc. ; camsteary Sc. Nhb.' ; camsterie,
camstairie, camstairy, camstarie Sc. ; camstary Sc.
Nhb.'; kamsteery, kamstarry Nhb.'; kamstary N.Cy.';
kanistarie Nhb.; and in form camstrary Sc. [kamsteari.]
Wild, mad, unmanageable, obstinate, perverse.
Sc. And when she's fu' she is unco camstarie, Herd Sngs.
(1776) II. 40; She was sae camsterie and skeich, Jamieson Pop.
Ballads {1B06) I. 297; He's a camsteary chield and fasheous about
marches, Scorr Guy M. (1815) I. e.Sc. They'll be eatin' themsel's
camsteerie i' the stable, Setoun Sunshine (1895) 153. Abd.
Time enough to turn camsterry When we're auld and doited,
Skinner /'o«»;5 (ed. 1809)71. Per. The'll aye be some camsteary
cratursin the warld,lANMACLAREN.<-lHWZ.o»i^5>'Hc(i895i3i8. Fif.
Ye're a camstairie lassie, MacDonald Alec Forbes (1876) 95. e.Fif.
Gin I had daured to show the slightest inclination to turn cam-
steerie on their ban's, Latto Tarn Bodkin (1864) vii. Dmb. Sookin
stirks — when they begin to kick and grow strong i' the head and
camstrary, Cross Disniplion[ed. 1877) xx. Ayr. The auld countess
isnaesic a camstrarie commoditieas maybe you think, Galt5iV..-I.
IVylie (1822) xxxiv. Ltli. Frichtit baith the horse and kye, An'
turn'd them clean camstairj', Smith Merry Bridal (1866) 8. Edb.
Being nalurally a wee-camstairic, Moik Mansie ll'auch (1828) xxiv,
Bwk. He had a wild, camstary pony, Henderson Pop. Rhymes
(iSse") 48. Slk. Breakin into pieces noo, like camstrary duds. Cur.
North Noetes fed. 1856) IV. 47. Gall. She turned camsteery wi'
him, an' gang in harnass she wadna,CROCKETr/?rtirf<-rs (1894 ) xxxiii.
Kcb. For the callans are camsteerie loons, Armstrong Ingteside
(1890) 205. N.Cy.i Nhb. Ye're sic kamstarie fowk man. Bell
AVywfs (1812) 38; Nhb.i Sus.' A horse is said to be very cam-
steery when it does not go steadily.
Hence (i) Camstary, sb. an obstinate, unmanageable
person ; (2) Camsteeriness, sb. perversity, obstinacy.
(i) Slk. Herj's for ye then, auld camstary ! Hogg Tales ,,1838)
7, ed. 1866. (2) e.Fif. Pairtly owin' to his camsteeriness . . . we
whummelt into a ga-fur, Latto Tam Bodkin ; 1864 xii.
[Grou I campstarie, it may drau to ill, Montgomerie
Sonnets (c. 1597) Ixviii, ed. Cranstoun, 123.]
CAMSTROUDGEOUS, adj Fif. (Jam.) Wild, un-
manageable, obstinate, perverse.
CAMUCK, see Cambuck.
CAN, V. In var. dial, of Sc. Irel. and Eng. Also in
form con, see below.
I. Grammatical forms.
1. Present Tense.
Sc. To the young that canna, the aid that manna, The blind that
downa see, Jamieson Pop. Ballads (1806 Benny Bee-Ho'm; Ye
canna help me, Scott Midlothian (1818) vii. N.I.' Neg. Canney.
Nhb. I canna climb the knowes, sae green, Coquetdale Sngs. (1852)
100; Nhb.' Ye canna say them nay, Mr. Mayor, Quayside Ditty
(1816). Cum. 'What can t'e want wi' me? Gilpin Ballads (1874)
160; Cum.' «. Canna, »i. Caan't, sw. Caat. Wm. Canta tell?
Blezard Sngs. (1868) 18. m.Yks.' Aa kaan- or kaanz' ; dhoo
kaan', kaanz- or kaansf ; ey kaan' or kaanz' ; wey, &c. kaan' or
kaanz°, Inlrod. xlvi. w.Yks. Strong form kan ; weak forms kan,
kq. The weak form kr) is mostly used in comb, with the pers.
pron. Neg. kanat or kant, Wright Gram. IVndhll. 1^18921 147;
w.Yks.^ Cannot is ^CH. used at length. Lan. Con ta walk reight?
Hamerton U'cnderkolme{i&6g)\i\ What con friends do? Buierley
Layrock (1864) viii ; Aw conno' wayve same as aw're use't, ib.
iii ; I canna' say, Harland & Wilkinson Flk-Lore (1867) 61.
e.Lan.' Cornd. s.Lan. Conno, Bamford Dial. (1850). Chs.' Aw
con ; can ta? const ; const ta? A'^^. Conna, Conner, connot ; Chs.^
Connoh or conna. s.Chs.^ 5<'h^. Kon, kost, kon, 90. Stf. Yecawt
die more nor once, Murray A'ot/. A'o/i; ZJi, (1887) 54 ; Cosscntsee!
ib. Joseph's Coat (1882) 270. s.Stf. T,hee cost goo now (^T.P.).
Der.' Con, conno ; Der.^ I conna' aboide hur. s.Not. I kaint do it
sL.C.M.). Nhp.' An endearing expression to children : Casn't do
it ? Nhp.2 I kaint do it. w.Wor. I conna mend it, S. Beauchamp
Granthy Grange (1874) !• 3° > w.Wor. 1 Conna us ? Shr.' I can at
con; thee ca'st ; ca'st 'ee ■ canna we? can'ee? cannad-a or canna
they? Neg.: Thee cosnaorcasna ; ca'sna thee[kas'nu'dhi']? IfTum
conna or canna do it. Hrf.* Casn, casna, canna. Thee casn'st lick
me. Glo. Cass'net thee zing? BucKMANOnr/te'sSo/biirM (1890) viii ;
Glo.i Cas'n't ; GI0.2 Cast or Cat ' [canst thou]. Oxf.' Thee cas'nt.
Cas'nt do't ? [kas'nt duot]. Brks.' Casn't ? Ess.' Caint. Sus.
Evers'much water caunt squcnch love, Lower Sng. Sol. (i86o)
viii. 7. Hmp.' Thee cass'n. I.W.' Thee casn't dout un. Canst?
I.W.2 Casn't zee't ? n.Wil. Gie out, cass'n ! [Stop that, can't you !]
(E.H.G.) -Wil.l Cass'n. Dor. Cassunt? (W.C.) ; [Thou] cast,
Roberts Hist. Lyme Regis (1834^; Dor.' I'll bet A shillen, that
thee cassen, 129. Som. 'I'hee cass'n do it, Jennings Dial, w.Eng.
(1869) Gl. w.Som. Dhce kns ; kuns dhee ? Neg. Dhee kas-n, wee
kaa'n; kas-ndhee? kaa'nuus? Elworthy Grawi. (1877 1 64; w.Som.'
Aay kn [cmph. kan-] git au'n miid-lcen-luyk tu dunur, biid aay
kaa'n niivur mack noa an' tu braeksus [1 can get on middling-
like at dinner, but I cannot ever make any hand of breakfast] ;
Ca's [thou canst] g'out ta-marra, if ee ool, Pulman Sketches, 17.
Dev. 'Tis better thin ort a tal uisc thee kiss bring, Nathan Hogg
Poet. Lett. (1865) Introd. n.Dev. Thee . . . cassent zee, E.xm. Scold.
(,1746) 1. 137 ; Thee kisn't think to ha' 'er, that's sartin. Rock Jim
an' Nell (1867) st. 33. nw.Dev.' Cas, cans, cas'n [thou canst,
canst not, canst thou 1 canst thou not ?]. e. Dev. Cas' thee milky?
Pulman Sng. Sol. (1860) Notes, 4. Cor. Save thyself from trans-
portation ef thee cust, Tregellas Tales (i860) 51 ; Cor.^ Cussn't,
caan't ; Cor.^ Ki;s ?
2. Preterite.
Sc. Cuid, cood. Neg. Cuidna, coodna, Murray Dial. (1873) 216;
I couldna weel see, Scott Midlothian (1818) xv. 'Wxf.' Aamezil
cou no stoane [Myself could not stand]. ra.Yks.' Kuod'orkuodz-,
si>ig. and pi., Introd. xlvii. w.Yks. Kud or kad. Neg. Kudnt or
kadnat, Wright Gram. IVndhll. (1892) 147. Lan. Ascroft couldna
cooin, Kay-Shuttleworth Scarsdale (i860) HI. 79; Lan.' pi.
Cud'n. Der,* 1 could na' insense him a no how (^s.v. Insense).
CAN
[502]
CANCH
w.Wor.i Cdildna us' Shr.i Thee cou'st ; cou'st 'ee ? we, &c.
coulden. A'eg. I couldna ; thee couldsna ; Couldnad-a or couldna
they? Glo.= Coos-nt? [Could you not ?] Brks.' Coost tell I which
be the road to Alder, plaze ? If 1 dwoant do't I be zure thee coos'nt.
I.W.' Thee coodsn't doo't, 50. Wil. Coos'n [could"st not], Slow
G/. (1892). Dor.i Dost mind how once thee coossen zit ? 63. Som.
Coose do et eef 00 'st [You could do it if you would], Pt;LMAN
S*ir/<r/(f5 I ed. 1871)87. w.Som. Dhee kuds (emphat. keods) ; dhee
keods n, Elworthv Gram. (,1877) 64. Dev. Cudden 'er ? Hewett
Peas. S/i. 11892^ 5; Es chudd'nt be a wafron, Madox-Brown
Dwalt BUttli (,1876; bk. i. iv. e.Dev. Ai did leuke, but ai nivver ked
vaine 'en, Pulman Siig. Sol. (,1860) iii. i. Cor.^ Cust lend me a
shilling?
II. In dial, usages.
1. Used as iiifin., prp. or pp. : to be able.
Sc. Thay haena cuid geate eane [they have not been able to get
one]. Ifwey haed cuid cum. Ye'll can cum neist weik ? Wi'
hym noa cannin' fynd them [through his being unable to find
them], Murray Dial. (1873') 216; He'll be grander than ever
now — he'll no can hand down his head to sneeze, ScoTt Antiquary
(iSie) xxvi. Per. I'll no can bide lang, Cleland Iiichbiacken
(1883) 137, ed. 1887. Fif. 'Ye'll no can work, Robertson
Provost (1894') 155. s.Sc. A common idiom. Not known in Abd.
(G.W.) Ayr. Baith you and her will can spare some o' the cost,
Galt Sir A. IVylie (1822I xvii. Lnk. He'll can tell us, Wardrop
J. Mathieson (i88t ) 32. Rxb. 'We'll . . . aiblins no can rise our lane,
A. Scott Poems (1808) 43. Gall. In common use (A.W.). Nhb.,
Dur. He wouldn't could go. 'Will he can go ? (J.W.H.) e.Dur.i
They'll not can get any food. I haven't could get across the doors
(very common). ' I doubt I'll not can get ' is one of the commonest
phr. CuQi.i I'll nut can gang to-day. w.Yks. A ius ta kud or kad
diut [I used to be able to do it]. Ad 3 dunt if id kud {never kad)
[I would have done it if I had been able], Wright Giam. Wiidhll.
(1892) 148; Ah can't walk five mile i' t'hahr nah, but ah used
to could ! Leeds Merc. Suppl. (July 2, 1892'). Chs.' Aw used to
could a done it. Not.^ sw.Lin.i Did you, when you used to
could work ? Lei.i Nobody seems to can understand it. Shay'd
use to couldn't sit nur stan'. A's the man to can du it. I'd use
to could du it in hafe the toime, 31. 'War.^ He used to couldn't ;
■War.3 'Wor. I can't do it now, but I used to could (J.W.P.).
2. !n phr. (i) Can or can't awhile, see Awhile; (2)
caii't-help-it, a violent disinclination for work, &c.
(2) e.Yks.' A person is said to be troubled with a can't-
help-it.
CAN, sb.^ Sc. Nhb. Yks. Not. Lei. War. Shr. Som. Cor.
[kan, kaen.]
1. Applied to any vessel, esp. of tin, for holding liquids
or semi-liquids; a drinking cup.
Sc. The term has a much wider range of meaning than in Eng.,
and is applied to almost every sort of vessel of metal, earthenware,
or wood, e.g. the small tubs in which workmen mix and keep
plaster, lime, &c. (Jam. Suppl.) n.Yks.' e.Yks. A small milk-
pail, with a handle on the side, Marshall Rur. Ecou. (1788 .
w.Yks. Banks IVt/ld. IVds. ( 1865) ; w.Yks." ; w.Yks.= Drinking
cups, called cans, are sometimes made [from the hollow of an
elephant's trunk]. w.Som.' Kaar lau-ng dhu kan- lauMig wai- ec
[carry along the milk pail along with you]. Cor. A great five
gallon ' can,' Forfar Poems (1885I 73.
2. A measure for liquids, holding about a gallon. Sh.I.
(Jam.), S. & Ork.i
3. The allowance of beer claimed by keelmen.
Nhb.' Every time they load a keel of coals from the staith, or
* dyke,' they get a * can,' or allowance of ale equal in value to
two shillings and sixpence, N. Trilmiie (1B54) I. 210. Then went
and drank wor can, Sug. Keel Row.
4. The hollow part of an elephant's trunk. w.Yks.*
5. A tin.
Not.2 Buy me a can of meat.
8. A broken piece of earthenware. Abd. (Jam.)
7. CoDip. (i) Can-bauk, a milkman's shoulder-yoke or
' yoke-stick,' q.v. ; (2) -box, in wool-combing : a box full of
pins or combs, through which the wool is passed ; (3)
-dough, a small oblong cake for breakfast bread ; (4)
-house, a public-house; (5) -leaf, Nyiiipliaca alba, white
water-lily; see Candock; (6) -money, money claimed by
keelmen instead of an allowance of beer.
(i)n.Yks.2 (2) w.Yks. (S.AB.) (3) Shr.> (4) Nhb.' (5')
Lei., War. The half unfolded leaves floating on the water [are]
supposed to resemble cans. (6) Nhb.'
CAN, sb.^ Sc. Also written cann Abd. ; kann Sh.I.
Cleverness, ability, knowledge.
Sh.I. (Jam.); Still in use. He has nae can (K.I.). n.Sc.
(W.C.) Abd. These auld-warld fouks had wondrous can Of
herbs that were baith good for man and beast, Ross Helenore
(1768) 13, ed. 1812 ; Wi' mair w^des and cann they bet the
flame, ib. 15 ; Oor gran'-mithers believ't i' the can o' the fairies,
Alexander Ain Folk (1875) 70, ed. 1882 ; He has gvveed can
amo' beasts fan he likes, ib. 93; Obsol. (VJ.M.)
CAN, see Cand, v.
CANADA, sb. Yks. A name given to small allotments
of land, not divided from each other by any fence.
Yks. A. &> Q. (.1885) 6th S. xii. 318. ne Yks. This and
similar expressions, such as ' Nova Scotia,' are not uncommon
(M.C.F.M.).
CANALLYE, sb. Sc. Also written canalyie, can-
nailyie ; see below. A mob, rabble ; also in coinp.
Canallye-host.
Sc. The hale cannailyie, risin, tried In vain to end their gabblin,
NicoL Poems (1805) I. 37 (Jam.). e.Sc. Hereabout we ca' a noisy .
crowd o' folk a canallye, Setoun R. Urquhart (1896) xviii. Fif.
Sae sail this vile canallyie-host Be huntit downvvarts, Tennant
Papistry (1827) 106.
[Fr. canaille, dogs ; a kennel, or company of dogs ; the
dregs, or ofl'als, of a people (Cotgr.).]
CANARY, sb. Yks. Lan. Lin. Shr. Lon. Hmp. "Wil.
1. In phr. Give the cat a canary (bird), 'tell it to tlie
marines,' said of an improbable story.
Shr.' ' Give a cat a canary,' dunna tell me none o' your
romance ; Shr.*
2. A sovereign, so called from its c.olour.
Shr.2 Lon. Mayhew Loud. Labour {1851) I. 53.
3. A glass of gin, rum, or any ardent spirits. Shr.*
4. A burglar's assistant.
Lon. Sometimes a woman, called a * canary,' carries the tools,
and watches outside, Mayhew Loud. Labour (ed. 1862) IV. 337.
5. Applied to the plants (i) Corydalis lutea, lady's pin-
cushion ; (2) Tropoeoliim canariensis, canary-creeper.
Also in comp. Canary-plant. n.Lin.^
6. Cowi/'. (i) Canary-buzzert, a yellow moth ; (2) -grass,
(3) -seed, (a) Phalaris canariensis, millet ; [b] Plantago
major, plantain.
(ij Lan. Petty warfare being carried on by 'canary buzzerts '
and 'bit-bats,' Brierley Iikdale (i868) 115. (2, ni Var. dial.,
B. & H. (A) Hmp. (.W.M.E.F.) (3, a) Var. dial., B. & H. (6)
Yks. ib. Hmp. Nature Notes. No. 3. 'Wil.'
CANBOTTLE, sb. Stf Wor. Shr. Hrf. [kaB'nbotl.]
The long-tailed titmouse, Acredula rosea.
Stf.', w.Wor. (W.E.) Shr. Swainson Birds (1885) 32 ; Shr.'
Also called Bottle-tit ; Shr.2 Shr., Hrf. Bound Pf-oi;. (1876). Hrf.*
CANCER, sb. Sc. Lychnis dioica, red campion.
Kcb. Garden IVk. i 1896) 112.
CANCER, see Caunsey.
CANCH, sb. and v. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Chs. Not. Lin. Lei.
Nhp. Shr. Bdf e.An. Also written cansh n.Yks.*
ne.Yks.' Bdf e.An.' (Grose) ; caunch Nhb. Dur. ; kanch
Nhp.'; kanshne.Yks ■ Nhp.*; and in forms kench s. Chs.'
Lei.' Nhp.' Shr.' e.An.' Suf ' ; kinch e.An.' [kanj, kenj,
kin/.l
1. sb. A perpendicular declivity, a rise like a step, esp.
a step-like projection in a coal-pit.
N.Cy.' Nhb,* There is a string of canches from the Willows
to the glass-houses on Bl.-\ydon Haugh. the river winding about
those canches like a mill race, Nezvr. Dy. Chron. (Aug. 23, 1887),
In a thin seam of coal it is necessary to work either an upper or
lower stratum of stone along with the coal, to give height to the
passage way. The coal being worked first, leaves a steep-like
projection of stone. This is a canch. Coal and stone are thus
worked away alternately. Where a slight fault or slip occurs in
a bed of coal, the dislocation leaves one part of the seam above
the other, the step thus formed being a canch. A top canch is
also called a broo. Nhb., Dur. Nicholson Coal Tr. Gl. (i888);
(J,H,B.) Dur. GinsoN Uf<-lVcardale Gl. (18701; The term is
applied more particularly wlicn it is desired to describe the
thickness of the strata which is removed — as a 13 inch kanch
(J.J.B.). ne.Yks.'
2. A sloping; trench ; a water-channel cut on a road.
n.Yks.', ne.Yks.', e,An.', Nn.'
CANCRAM
[503]
CANDLEMAS
3. A breadth of digging land. Nrf.', Suf.'
4. A slice out of a hayrick or manure-heap, &c. ; a large
piece of bread, cheese, &c.
Dur.' s.Cbs.' ' A whole kcnch ' is a cut across the whole breadth
of the stack. Not.* Cut a canch out of that manure-hill. Shr.'
The Missis give 'im a reet good kench o' bread an' chccs'. Also
in form kenchin'. e.An.' Shall I begin another cut of the stack.
Sir? the last kinch is getting very low.
5. A small rick ; a small stack of bricks, firewood, corn,
&c., piled up together; a mound of earth.
n.Yks. Cut a piece off that cansh (I.W.). Midi. Marshall
Rur. Econ. {l^g6 ). Not. (J. H.B.I ; Not.23 s.Not. The man h.<id
gotten a good canch o' firewood in his yard (J.P.K.). n.Lin.'
Iher's just one little canch o' oats left an' that's all. Nhp.' If
a rick of corn is made at different times, each separate portion is
called a canch ; or a small rick — the surplus of a large one — and
attached to it, is so denominated ; and the term is also used in
piling wood or faggots when a small addition is made to a larger
pile. A bury of potatoes is sometimes called a canch ; Nhp.*
Bdf. Batchelor yliial. Eitg. Lang. (18091. e.An.' e.Nrf.
Marshall /f«r. £co«. (1787). Nrf.' [Grose (1790).]
6. A short turn or spell at hoeing, ditching, &c. e.An.\
Nrf.i
7. V. To heap up, pile, arrange in a stack.
Midi. Marshall Rur. Econ. (1796). Not.' ; Not.* The bricks
must be canched, not thrown out of the cart ; Not.^ Nar canch
'em up snug together out o' folks' way ! s.Not. Here wor a lot o'
slabs canched up in a corner (J.P.K.). Lei.* To kench potatoes
is to ' camp ' them, place in a heap and cover with straw, earth,
&'C. Nhp.* [To caunch up bricks is to arrange them in small
stacks when burnt and ready for sale, Gl. Lab. (1894).]
CANCRAM, see Cankum.
CAND, sb. Cor.'* Fluor-spar. See Cam, si.*
CAND, V. Nhp, e.An. Also in form can Suf. [kand,
kaend.] To candy, congeal, adhere.
Nhp.* e.An.* It cands together. Suf. This sort of mould cans
at once, if you press it. ' Pan* is the more common word (F.H.).
I The siluer moone . . . spred frostie pearle on the
canded ground, Fairfax Tasso (i6oo) vi. ciii.]
CAND, see Cam.
CANDAVAIG, sA. n.Sc. (Jam.) A species of salmon ;
a salmon that lies until summer in fresh water, without
going to the sea.
Abd. They are grosser for their length than the common salmon,
and often of a large size, Birse Statist. Ace. IX. 109. Ags.
[Gael, ceann-duhhach, dcr. of ccaiiii-diibh, black-headed.]
CANDELBEND, see Kendal-bend.
CANDER, rt(fo. Glo.** Yonder. A\so in phr. Gander-
lucks, look yonder.
[Ca)!dti; for ' look yonder' the vb. being unstressed, and
its final guttural agglutinated to the following adv.
pronounced 'ander.]
CANDLE, sb. Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
Also in form cannel Sc. Nhb.' Dur. Cum. Yks. ; canle
w.Som.'; cannle n.Yks.*; kannel Dev.^; kendle Cor.*
1. CoDip. (i) Candle-bark, a box for holding candles;
see Bark, si.'; (2) -burning, the time which a candle
takes to burn; (3) -canting, a 'sale by candle,' q.v. ; (4)
-coal, a piece of splint coal put on a cottage fire to give
light to spin by ; (5) -coil, the wick of a candle ; (6)
-creel, a basket for storing candles ; playing at cards for
candles; (7) -doup, a candle-end ; (8) -douting, morning,
dawn ; (9) -fir, fir that has been buried in a morass, used
instead of candles ; (10) -futtle, In) -gullie, a large knife
for splitting up bog-fir into candles; (12) -hod, a candle-
stick ; (13) keeper, see below ; (14) -leet-timCjClusk; (15)
-length, the time a candle would take to burn; (16)
•lighting, sec -leet-time ; (17) -sieve, the larger kind of
rush used for candle-wicks ; (18) -snot, the burnt wick of
a candle ; (19) -stick-height, of a child : very small ; (20)
-teen, (21) -teening (-tining, -tinning), evening, dusk ; see
Tine ; (22) -waster, one who sits up late at night ; (23)
■wick, {(7) Typha latifolia, %rta.t reed-mace ; (b) Verbascum
Tliapsiis, mullein.
(i) Cum. (M.P.), Lan.' fa) Nlib., Dur. Nicholson Coal Tr. Gl.
(1888). (3) n.Yks.* A cannlc-canting, when articles were ap-
praised until a candle burned down to a certain mark, and the
highest bidder got the bargain, the candle being now superseded
by the sandglass. (4) Rxb. (Jam.) (5) w.Yks. (W.F.M.F.)
(6) Nhb. Another singular device they practise called candle-creel,
Richardson Borderer's Tablc-bk. (1846) Vll. 243; Nhb.* In early
winter, farmers used to set off to a neighbouring rendezvous, each
man with a creel or basket of candles. A successful player obtained
a stock enough to serve his needs throughout the rest of the winter.
(7) e.Sc. Mony a can'le-doup I've kent gutter an' gang out leavin'
me to crawl into bed i' the dark, Setoun R. Vriiuhart \ 1896) iii.
(8) w.Som.* When the sun is up sufficiently to see to work is the
time for kanl-duwteen. n.Dev. Vrom candle-douting to candle-
teening, Exm. Scold. (1746) 1. 314. (9) Sc. Its fibres are so tough,
that they are twisted into ropes, halters, and tethers. The splits
of it are used for light, Agr. Stirv. Pceb. (Jam.) (10, 11) Bnff.'
(13) n.Yks.* (13) Slang. At Winchester School : the name given
to six college boys, not being prefects, who are allowed certain
privileges in consideration of their having been long in the school.
Prob. from having charge of the candles placed on the juniors'
tables in Hall (A.D.H.); Shadwell IVykehani. Slang iSig-i86.\).
(14) n.Lin.* (15) Lan. It's o happened i' less nor a candle-length,
Clegg David's Loom (1894) v. (16) [Amer. Evenin' meetin' took
up at early candlelightin". Dial. Notes (1895) I. 385.] (171 Nhb.*
Cum. T'young fwoks 'II gang till a cannel-seave syke [marshy
hollow], Dickinson Cumbr. (1875) 230; (M.P.) Wm. Distinct
from the smaller kind of rush out of which caps and whips were
and still are made (B.K.) ; Wm.' The rushes were prepared by
having the rind stripped off on two opposite sides, so as to allow
the pith to absorb the liquid tallow. n.Lan. (W.H.H.) (18) Nhb.*
(19J n.Yks.* I've knawn you ivver sen you were cannle-stick-height.
(20) w.Som.* I'll be 'long way-ee agin, vore cannle- teen. {21) w.Cy.
Grose Sh/>/>/. (1790). Glo.'*, n.Wil. (G.E.D.) w.Som.* Kan 1-
teeneen. n.Dev.£.o<i. Scold. (1746! I. 314 ; Tha blessed hour 'vore
candleteenin'. Rock Jim an' Nell ( 1867 1 st. 129. Dev.' Jist bevore
candle-teening the passon peep'd in upon us to put us in meend
'twas Zinday nart, i8 ; Dev.^ Cor. 'Twas kendle-teening when
yung Mall Treloare Trudg'd hum fram Bal, J. Trenoodle Spec.
(1846) 22. w.Cor. From early candle-teening, Thomas Randigal
RJiymes {i8g^) 5. Cor.'* (22 1 Ant. Grose (.1790) ./1/5. nrf(/. (C.^
w.Som.* They be proper can'le-wasters [kan-1 wae-ustur], aa'll
warnt they baint a-bed. (23, a] Cum., Wm. (b) n.Som.
2. In phr. (i) as yoii have burned the candle, burn the
inch, complete the undertaking, ' as well be hanged for
a sheep as for a lamb ' ; (2) candle and castock, a turnip
lantern ; (3) he that worst may, tniist hold the candle, the
weakest goes to the wall ; obs. ■ (4) Candle-and-lantern Fair,
see below ; (5) he hath offered his candle to the deinl, see
below ; obs. ; (6) sale by candle, an auction where a short
candle was burnt, and the last bidder before it went out
became the purchaser; (7) to strike a candle, to slide on
the heel, so as to leave a white mark along the ice.
(i) Don. Said if any one is going to attempt anything desperate,
Flk-Lorejrn. (1885) III. 277. (a) Sc. Sometimes placed in church-
yards, on Allhallow eve. Hence the rhyme of children : — Hallow-
een, a night at e'en, A candle in a castock (Jam.). (3) Glo. Smyth
Lives Berkcleys{ed.iSi&~i) III. 32. (4) Wil. We used [at Warminster]
to call one of the smaller fairs (I believe it was the August one)
' Candle-and-lantern Fair,' presumably from the difficulty of finding
it ; but the name may have come from a time when the wares
offered in August would include preparations for winter evenings,
]Vil. N. & Q. I. 230. (5) Glo. This (,now common) thus arose ;
Old flillimore of Cam, goinge in anno 1584, to present Sir Tho.
Throgmorton of Tortworth with a sugcr iofe, met by the way with
his neighbor, who demanded whither and upon what busincs hee
was goinge, answered, ' To olfcr my candle to the Divill.' Smyth
Lives Bcrkeleys (ed. 1885) III. 28. 1^6) n.Lin.* [Forty or fifty years
ago ... it was the custom at some sales to have candles marked
with red circles ; and the moment the candle burned down to the
mark, the lot put up was knocked down to the highest bidder,
A^. & Q. (1851) 1st S. iv. 383.] (7) Wil.*
3. The pupil of the ej'e ; gen. in phr. candle of the eye.
Shr.' Also called Pea of the eye. Hrf.* s.Pciu. Laws Little
E;/^. (,1888) 419. Glo.»
[2. (6) The 1st of June . . . will be exposed to sale by
the candle ten hundred parts or proprieties of that tract
of land in America now called West New Jersey, Land.
Gazette (1687) No. 2246, 4.]
CANDLEMAS, sb. Sc. Cum. Yks. Shr. Glo. Sun Wil.
Som. Also written can'le Sc. Cum. w.Som.* ; cannle-
n.Yks.2 e.Yks.*
CANDLER
[504]
CANE-APPLE
1. Feb. 2, Feast of the Purification ; a Scottish quarter-
day. Also in comp. Candlemas-day.
Sc. IfCandlemassdaybe dry and fair, The half o' winter's to come
and mair ; If Candlemass day be wet and loul, The half o' winter's
gane at Yule, Chambers Bk. of Days (1869) I. 214. Ayr. That
fifty pound 3'e lent me last Candlemas was a twelvemonth, Johnston
Glenbuciie (i88g) 81. Lnk. The first term's payment is at Candle-
mas first, WoDROW C/iiirch Hist. (ed. 1828} I. 337. Kcb.'When at
Can'lemas he took the floor, Armstrong Ingleside (1890) 216.
Cum. (,M.P.) Yks. At Candlemas gooid gees al \ny,Prov. in Biig-
hotise News (July 20, 1889). n.Yks.^ If Cannlemas day be lound
and fair, "Vaw hawf o' t'winter's te come an' mair ; If Cannlemas
day be murk an' foul. Yaw hawf o' t'winter's geean at Yule.
e.Yks.i Shr. At Candlemas Day A good goose should lay, Flk-
riiiie, BuRNE Flk-Lore (1883^ 578. Ken. 'Candlemas Day Half
your fodder and half your hay,' or ' Candlemoss Half your hay
and half your toss,' meaning that the wmter is then only half gone
and one ought to have exhausted not more than half the keep tor
the cattle. The 'toss' is the unthreshed corn in the barn (P.M.).
Sur.i The old folks used to say that so far as the sun shone into
the house on Candlemas Day so far would the snow drive in
before the winter was out. w.Som.i Kan-lmus remembered by
the country folk, but utterly unknown to the factory and town
people.
2. Comb, (i) Candlemas-ba' (ball), a football match
played on Feb. 2; (2) -bells, the snowdrop ; (3) -bleeze, (n)
a bonfire on the evening of Feb. 2 ; (A) the gift of money
formerly paid by pupils to their schoolmaster ; (4) -crack,
a storm occurring at this season ; (5) — crown, see below ;
(6) —king, the pupil who paid the highest gratuity to the
schoolmaster at Candlemas ; (7) — offering, see -bleeze
{b)\ (8)— queen, see — king.
(il Sc. The e. end of a town [played] against the w., the un-
married men against the married, or one parish against another.
Chambers Bk. oj Days (1869) I, 214. (2) Glo.i=, n.Wil. (G.E.D.)
(3, a) Sc. The conflagration of any piece of furze which might
exist in their [schoolchildren's] neighbourhood, or ... of an
artificial bonfire. Chambers Bk. of Days (1869) I. 214. (i) Rxb.,
Slk. (Jam.) (4^, e.Yks.l A cannlemas-crack Lays monny a sailor
on his back. (5, 6) Fif. Scholars pay a Candlemas gratuity, from
55. even as far as 5 guineas, when there is a keen competition for
the Candlemas crown. The ' king ' . . . reigns for six weeks,
during which period he is not only entitled to demand an after-
noon's play for the scholars once a week, but he has also the
roval privilege of remitting punishments, St. Andrews Statist. Ace.
Xill. 211 (Jam.). (7 Sc. (Jam.) (8) (li. Suppl.^ Ayr With
one voice from us a' she was proclaimed our Candlemas Queen,
Service Dr. Diigtiid (ed. 1887) 34.
[1. The first nam es Candelmesse, The tother Maryes
clensing, Metr. Horn. (c. 1325), ed. Small, 155. OE. candel-
victsse, cp. ON. Kynciilmessa]
CANDLER, sb. Obs. n.Cy. Yks.
1. A chandelier. n.Cy. (K.) [Not known to our corre-
spondents]
2. A chandler.
w.Yks. Watson Hist. Hlf.x. (1775"; 535 ; w.Yks."
[A candeler, candelariiis, Calk. Aiigl. (1483). Candle +
-er, as in draper, butler. '[
CANDOCK, sb. Not. War. Wor. [ka'ndok.l
1. Niiphar lulea, j'cllow water-lily. See Water-can.
Also called Pan Dock. War.^
2. Nymphaea alba,vjhit&via.te:T-\\\y. See Can-leaf. Not.
(J.H.B.), Wor.
[Can-dock, from its broad leaves, and the shape of its
seed-vessel, like that of a can, Prior (1879I. Cp. Dan.
aakande iaa, river + kande, a can), a water-lily.]
CANDY, sb. and v. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Lin. War.
Amen [ka'ndi.]
1. sb. A sweetmeat.
Ayr, He would have . . . socht candy for the banes. Service
Dr. Difguid (1887) 27 ; N.I.* Nhb. A sweetmeat exposed for sale
at Newcastle on market days, the salesman shouting ' Here's your
dandy, randy, candy oh ! ' fJ.Ar. ) [Amer. Farmer. ]
2. Comb, (i) Candy-broad sugar, lump sugar; (2) -man,
a seller of 'candy'; a bailifi's officer; see below; (3)
-plant, Marnibinm vtilgan\ horehound.
(i)Fif. (Jam.) (2) Rnf. He gangs business-like wi't tae the
candyman's stan', Neilson Poems (1877) 47. N.I.' A rag-man
[who gives] gen. a kind of toffee in exchange for rags, &c. Nhb.' As
the pitman occupies his house in part pa3'ment of wages, it becomes
necessary for him to vacate it, should he leave his work at the
colliery. During ' the great strike " in 1884 men were served with
notices of ejectment all round. To do this, the services of ' vagrom
men ' were impressed. In these the pitmen recognized several
as the itinerant vendors who called ' Dandy-candy, three sticks a
penny.' Thus the term ' Candyman ' became gen. applied in pit
villages to those who served and carried out notices of ejectment.
Nhb., Dur. Mr. Wilson comments on the absence of -candymen'
at the evictions, Newc. Dy. Leader (July 6, 1896I ; N. V Q. (1886')
7th S. i. 445. (3) War.3 The source of several cottage medicines.
Candy or Toffey is made by boiling it with sugar.
3. A hard rocky layer under gravel. sw.Lin.*
4. V. To stick together from rust, pressure, or other
means. Cf. cand.
ii.Lin.1 I fun a lump o' sneel-shells what would fill a barra' e'
th' inside o' a holla' esh trea, all candied togither. A labourer,
who came upon a 'find' of bronze celts at West Halton, said,
' Thaay was all candied togither.'
CANE, s6.' Chs. [ken.] In silk-weaving : the warp.
Chs.i Ahr Jim'll start a work a Monday; he's gotten a fresh
cane ; Chs.^
CANE, si.2 Hrt. Hmp. Written kane Hrt. [ken.]
A small weasel. Also called keen, q.v.
Hrt. Ellis Mod. Hiisb. (1750) IV. i. e.Hmp. A little reddish
beast, not much bigger than a field mouse, but much longer,
which they call a cane. White Selborne (1788) xv. s.Hmp.
(R.F.P.^; (H. W.E.I Hmp.i
CANE, sb.^ Obs. Sc. Nhb. Alstf«written cain (Jam.) ;
kain, kane, see below.
1. A rent paid in kind by a tenant to his landlord. Cf.
boon, 56.2 Also fg. in phr. to pay the cane, to pay the
penalty.
Sc. It consisted of a portion of the produce of the land, in grain
when it was arable land, and in cattle and pigs when pasture land.
. . . Over the whole of Scotland, exc. in Lth., it was a recognised
burden upon the crown lands, and upon all lands not held by
feudal tenure, Skene Celtic Sc. III. 231 (Jam Sitppl.) ; There will
be poultry amang the tenants, though Luckie Chirnside says she
has paid the kain twice ower, Scott Bride of Lam. (1819) viii.
Abd. Or aiblins wi' you pay The kain to hell. Giiidman IngUsmaill
('873) 31. Ayr. Our Laird gets in his racked rents. His coals,
his kain, an' a' his stents, Burns Tiva Dogs (17861 ; To Death she's
dearly paid the kane, ib. Tarn Samson 1,1787). Bwk. Now he will
hae to pay the kain For being at the Deil's command, Henderson
Pop. Rhymes (185b) 128. Gall. I had paid him his kane for his
insolence, Crockeit Raiders (1894^ xxxiv.
Hence Canage, sb. the act of paying 'cane.' Sc. (Jam.)
2. Used attrib. in comb, (i) Cane-bairn, a child supposed
to be paid as tribute to fairies or to the devil; (2) cock,
a cock given in part payment of rent; (3) -fish, rent for
fishing, paid in kind; (4) -fowl, (5) -hen, see -cock; (6)
-rent, rent paid in kind.
(I) Sc. It is hinted . . . that kain bairns were paid to Satan. . . .
Sometimes the old barren hags stole the unchristened otTspring of
their neighbours to fill the hellish treasury, Cro.mek Aif/i^date Si/g.
(1810) 280: A similar idea prevailed with regard to the kain paid
by the fairies (Jam.). (2) Slk. Paid away to hell, like a kanc-
cock at the end o' seven years, Hogg Tales (18381 53, ed. 1866.
131 Nhb. ' Canefisshe ' or 'Gaynfish,' by virtue of which one
quarter of a fisherman's catch was appropriated by the bailiff on the
return of the fisherman to shore, Bateson Hist. JV/ib. (18951 II. 40 ;
Nhb.* (4) Sc. I would have j-ou send no more such kain fowls,
ScoTT Abbot 1 1820) xxvi. (51 Sc. There was ance a laird . . . had
a great number of kain hens, Scott Guy M. (18151 v. (6) Frf.
Capons were more plentiful at the table than chickens, so that
even kain-re'nt was paid in them, Stephens Farm Bk. (ed. 1849)
1-674..
[This word Ca)te signifies tribute or devvty, as caite
fowies, ca)!e cheis, cane aites, quhilk is paid be the tenent
to the maister as ane duty of the land, specially to kirk-
men and prelats, Skene E.xpos. (16411 35. Gael, cdiii, Ir.
ciiiii. a ta.x, tribute, Mir. statute, law (Macbain).]
CANE, see Cain.
CANE- APPLE, si. Irel. The hcrry of A rbiilits lutcdo,
strawberry tree.
Crk. You writ to me about strawberry trcese which were
green all the yeare. ... I believe you mein the cane apel tree.
CANES
[505]
CANKER
M. Faulkner Lett. (July 164 1) mMeiii. Veiney Family ,1892) I. 211.
Ker. Joyce /;-. Place Names, and S. 338.
|Ir. cailliiie, the arbutus. Tliis is the name used at
Killarncy. Aid iia ccilliiic is the old name of Smerwick
harbour, in Dunurlin, Co. Kerrj' (O'Reilly, 591).]
CANES, s6. /)/. Dur. The schoolmaster's cane.
e.Dur.* Always in />/. : She's gcttcn her kacunz.
CANGE, V. Lin. Also written cainge n.Lin." [kend^,
kesnd^.] To waste away or moulder by degrees ; said
of persons and things. See Cainge.
n.Lin. SurroN IVds. (1881 ; It's been caingein' an* moskerin'
awaay iver sin' it was strucken \vi' lightiiin' twenty year back
(M P. ; n.Lin.' 'Poor thing! she'll not bide it a deal longer ; she's
caaingin' awaay, poor bairn ; ' said of a child that had swallowed a
halfpenny.
C ANGLE, v} Sc. Nhb.
1. To quarrel, wrangle, haggle.
Sc. Ye cangle about uncoft kids, Ramsay Prov. (1737). Ayr.
We may not stay now to cangle with the Papists, DiCKSOX Sel.
IVntiiigs (1660) I. 174, ed. 1845; Dinna, for ony sake, let them
see we've been canglin', Wilso.n Tales (1836'! II. 162. Nhb.' To
cangle with the ticket-collector at a railwa3' station.
Hence (i) Cangler, sb. a jangler; (2) Gangling, {a)
vhl. sb. altercation, quarrelling ; (6) ppl. adj. wrangling,
quarrelsome.
(_i) Lnk. 'Fye!' said ae cangler, ' what d'ye mean 1 ' Ramsay
Poeyns (ed. 1800) II. 482 fjAM,). (2, a) Sc. There's little need for
only canglin' the noo, Smith Archie and Bess ;i876) 48. (A) e.Lth.
She wasna ane o' the canglin kind, Hunter y. Inivick (1895) 213.
2. To cavil. Abd. (Jam.)
CANGLE, sb. and f.= Der. Nhp. Oxf. Written kangle
Der.^Nhp.i^Oxf.i
1. sb. A tangle. Oxf.»
2. V. To entangle.
Nhp.'^ That thread be kangled.
Hence (i) Kungled, pp/. ad/, of thread : entangled; (2)
Kangling, ppL adj. struggling on, going with difficulty;
(3) KangUng-comb, sb. a large wide-tootlied comb.
(i) Nhp.' My thrid be so kangled I can't wind it nohows. (2)
Der.2nw.Der.' (3 1 Nhp."^
CANIFFLE, V. Obsol. Som. Dev. Also in form
caniflee Dev. ; caniflly w.Som.' ; connifle Som.
1. To dissemble ;■ to Hatter.
w.Cy. Grose 5"/)^/. (1790). w.Som.' Kan-eedee. n. Dev. And
than tha wut canililee, .£r.vm. Scold. (1746; I. 257; Monthly Mag.
(1808; 11.544.
2. To embezzle, 'sponge.'
Som. W. & J. Gl. (1873V
CANISTER, sb. Yks. Chs. Lin. [ka-nist3(r).] A
slang word for the head.
w.'Vks. A bit ov a bump a thcr cannister, Tom Treddleiioyle
Manch. E.xlicbishati (1857); Bang went t'cloas prop agccan his
cannister, Dcwsbre Olin. (1865') 6. s.Chs.' Ah daayt, laad', dhiV.z
nuwt i dhi ky'aanistur [Ah dait, lad, tha's nowt i' thy canister].
Lin.'
CANK, v.^ and 56.' Lan. Chs. Stf Der. Not. Lei. Nhp.
War. Wor. Shr. Pern. Bdf Wil. Also written cenk
War.°; conk Lan. Pern.; kank Lan. War."* Wor.
[kar)k, keqk.]
1. V. To cackle, as geese. Lan. (Hall.), Shr.'^
2. To talk rapidly, gabble. Shr.'
3. To gossip, chatter, prate.
Lan. Davies Races (18561 278; Lan.', Chs.'* Der. Some one
had been cankin wi' him about things they didn't owt, Ward
D. Grieve (1892 I. vi; Der.', nw.Der.', Not.' Lei.' A's ollus at a
lewse end a-cankin' about. War.' 23^ s.Wor. (H.K.), se.Wor.'
Wil. You'll cank me to death (^G. E. D.).
Hence (i) Canking, (a) ppl. adj. gossiping, chattering;
whining, peevish; (b) vbl. sb. chattering, gossip; (2)
Canking-pleck, sb. a place to chat in ; (3) Canky, adj.
cross, peevish.
(I, a) Stf.' Der. Grose (1790) ; Der.^, nw.Der.' Not.' Cankin'
hypocrite. War, {J,R.W.) (ii Lan. The withered thorn was tell-
ing its neighbour of happy ' kankings ' beneath its own shade,
Brierley Marlocks (1867) 53 ; Yo are gettin yoar cankin brcechus,
un yoar jawntin weskut on, Scholks Tim Gamwaltle (1857) 14.
Chs. A', (f Q. (1850) ist S. ii. 519; Chs.^ She never do goes [si'c]
canking wi' neighbors. Nhp.' War. Alw.njs going canking about
VOL. I.
( J.B. ^. 12') Lan.' Here's a fine droy canking-pleck under this thurn,
Tim Bobbi.n IVts. 'ed. 1750^ 41; There's a nice conkin'-plcck
bi th' side o' th' well, here. Waugii Chimit Corner in Manch. Critic
(^M,iy 2, 1874^. (3 s.Lan. BA.MFORDZ)/a/. (1850).
4. To be pert or saucj'.
Bdf. A mother says to her child ' Don't cank at me' (J.W.B.).
Hence Conk, adj pert. Pern. (W.H.Y.)
5. sb. The cry of a goose.
War.* Wor. We heard the kank of the wild geese as they flew
by ( W.A.S.).
6. Gossip, chatter ; a chat, tete-a-tete.
Lan. What a cank han wee had ! Tim Bobbin View Dial. (1740)
49 ; They had evidently ' set in ' for a quiet conk at the heel of the
day's bustle, Wauch Snowed-up, v. Lan.', S.f. (H.K.) War.
B'ham miy. Post (}une 10, 1893 1; War.' Wor. What's all this
cank about? (J.W.P.) ; (H.K.i Wil.'
7. A gossip, a tell-tale. Nhp.", War.*, m.Wor. (J.C.)
[1. The canking of a goose, or the quacking of a duck,
SnE.NSTo.NE Lett. iSept. 23, 1741) in /f'/'i. (1777) HL 36.J
CANK, s6.2 Shr. A fit of ill-humour.
Slir.' I toud 'er a bit o' my mind, an' 'er 'uflf'd an' ding'd an'
went off in a fine cank.
[Cp. caiik, an obs. slang word meaning dumb, Coles
(1677).]
CANK, z/.* Wil. To overcome, conquer, overpower.
n.Wil. I be fairly cankt wi't aal E.H.G. . Wil.' The winner
' canks ' his competitors in a race, and you ' cank' a child when
}ou give it more than it can eat.
CANK, sb.^ and v.^ Yks. Nhp.
1. sb. A useless mixture of clay, stone, and iron, found
in quarries. w.Yks.* [Not known to our correspondents.]
Hence Canky, adj. Of stone : rotten, decayed. Nhp.'
2. V. To be decayed, infested with ' cankers,' q.v.
Nhp.' That tree will do no good, it canks so.
CANK, sb." Nhp.2 Punishment.
CANK, v." Lan. To sit down.
Lan. Come in, wcncli, an' kank thi deawn on th' bed, Brierley
Marlocks I 1866; v; Obsol. (S.W.)
CANKER, s6.' Cor.'= A crab.
[OCor. cancer, a crab fish (Williams), Lat. cancer.]
CANKER, sb.^ and v. Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng.
Also written conker Wil. Dor. Som. See Cankered.
1. sb. A cancer or other eating sore, esp. a sore in the
mouth ; an infiammatioii or eruption ; a sore caused by
verdigris.
Nhb.' In 1847 a young man was 'stuck' in the shoulder with
a pitchfork, which his mother put into the fire, and whicli she
implicitly believed would burn the canker out of the wound, with-
out the actual cautery. Chs.' Ah ! poor thing, 00 deed of a
canker in her breast. Dunna put that penny i' thy maith, or else
tha'lt hay th' canker. s.Chs.' Ky'aangk-ur. Not. 1 L.C.M.)
n.Lin.' Inflammation in the cars and mouths of animals. Also caries
of teeth or bones. Nhp.'* War. ^ Take that penny out of your
mouth, or you'll get a canker. Stir.' Popularly believed to be
caused by the venom of verdigris, brass, or copper. 1544. 5''' July.
Died upon the disease of a canker within her mouth, under the
root of her tongue, which as her father said she chanced to have
through the smelling of Rose-flowers, T^fg'. Much Il'enloct. Glo.
iS.S.B.) ; Baylis///»5. Dial, {l8^o) ; Glo.' In//, the disease called
' thrush.' Hmp.' Wil.' The baby hev a-got the cankers. Som.
SwLETMAN Il'incan/on Gl. (,1885).
2. A diseased place in the bark of a tree. Cum. (M.P.),
n.Yks. (I.W.), n.Lin.'
3. A kind of dry rot in turnips. Shr.'
4. Rust or corrosion of metal ; iron-mould; verdigris.
n.Cy. Grose (1790) Siippl. ; N.Cy.', Dur.', Cum. i,M.P.\
n.Yks.'^ e.Yks. In common use, Marshall Piir. Econ. ^1788).
w.Yks. Canker of iron was the common name for the medicine,
oxide of iron. Obsol., Leeds Merc. Suppl. ijan. 3, 1891") J
(J.T.); w.Yks.'^*, Chs.' s.Not. The penny was covered with
canker (J.P.K.V n.Lin.', Lei.', Nhp.', Shr.'
5. Rust in wheat. Shr.', Cor.*
6. A caterpillar, a grub.
Not. ( L.C.M.l, Nhp.'*. Bdf. (J.W.B.), e.An.' e.Nrf. Marshali.
Riir. Econ. {l1S,^). Nrf.' [Grose (1790).]
7. Applied to plants, «^c., esp. those which are supposed
to have poisonous properties: (i) the wild rose, Rosa
caniita; (2) the 'hip' or fruit of the wild rose; (3) the
3U
CANKER
[506]
CANKUM
mossy gall caused by Cyiiips rosae; (4) a fungus, toad-
stool ; (5) Lcoutodon Taraxacitm, dandelion ; (6j Papaver
Rhoeas, scarlet poppy.
(i) Lin. Thompson Hist. Boston (1856) 701. Cmb., Nrf., Ess.,
Dor. Dev. Grose (1790) ; Dev.*, nw.Dev.' (2) e.An.', Ess.
(H.H.M.) Dor. w. Gazette (Feb. 15, 1889) 6; Barnes Gl.
(18631 ; Dor.i Blue sloos an' conkers red, 181. (3) n.Lin.' (4)
War.2 Glo. Bavlis I/lits. Dial. (1870); G/. (1851); Grose (1790) ;
Glo.', Brks. (F.H.) Hrap. (J.R.W.) ; Hmp.i n.Wil. Them be'ant
muggeroons — 'tis cankers (E.H.G.^. Wil.' Also called Cankie. (5)
Glo. (F.H.); Glo.l (6) Nrf.> Suf. (,F.H.) ; Suf.' Called also
Copperoze.
8. Fiff. Bad temper, ' bad blood,' a corroding care.
Bnff.' The bairn's eaten aff o's feet wee doon-richt canker.
Frf. Free frae this warl', wi' its cankers an' cares, Watt Poet.
Sketches (r88o) 50. Fif. The old serpent in each heart and head
Spits canker, Tennant Attster (1812J 44, ed. 1871. Ayr. My
canker turned into meekness, Dickson Set. Writings (1660) I. 195,
ed. 1845. Ltli. I bear ye nae ill for yer canker an' spleen. Smith
Mciiy Bridal (1866) no. Bdf. A canker at the heart (J.W.B.).
9. Coinp. (i) Canker-ball, the mossy excrescence on a
wild rose bush ; (2) -bell, the bud of a wild rose ; (3)
-berry, the 'hip' of a wild rose; (4) -dyke, a ditch or
watercourse containing a deposit of iron ; (5) -fret, the
rust of copper or brass ; (6) -fretted, of kitchen utensils :
rusty, having lost the tinning ; (7) -nail, a painful slip of
flesii at the base of the finger-nail ; see Agnail ; (8) -rose,
(a) Rosa caiiiiia, wild rose ; (b) see -ball ; (c) Papaver
R/iot'as, scar]ct poppy; (9) -water, water impregnated with
rust of iron; (10) -weed, (a) Seiieao Jacobaea, ragwort ;
(b) S. sylvaticus ; (c) S. leimifolius.
(i) w.Som.' Kang-kur baul, or baal. (2') nw.Dev.l (3"! Ken.'*,
Hmp. (W.M.E.F.) Wil. Slow Gl. (1892) ; Wil.>, nw.Dev.'
(4) w.Yks.3 (51 e.An.' Not used for the rust of any other
metals. Nrf.' A copper saucepan requiring tinning is said to have
the canker-fret. Suf.' (6) e An.' (7) Cld. (Jam.) (8, n) Ken.' 2
Dev. Grose (i79o\ nw.Dev.' (4) Wil. They pick the canker
roses off the briars and carry them in the pocket as a certain
preventive of rheumatism. Jefferies Gt. £'s/a/f (1880') iv; Wil.'
[Cf. briar-boss.] (c, e. An. 'Also called Copper- rose and Head-ache.
Suf. Science Gossip (1882) 113. (9) w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Siippl.
(Feb. 6, 1892). (10, a) e.An.' Nrf. Cozens-Hardy Broad Nrf.
(1893) lor. e.Nrf. Marshall Riir. Econ. (1787;. Nrf.' [Grose
(1790).] (i, f) e.An.'
10. V. To affect with cancer ; to cause ulceration ; to
fester, become sore.
Bnfif.', Chs.' s.Not. You'll canker your mouth with sucking
brass (J.P.K.). War.3 His finger has cankered. Shr.' Yo'
shouldnalet the child play Outh brass; if 'e puts it in 'is mouth it'll
kang-kur' it.
Hence Cankerous, adj. venomous.
CUs.', War.3 Shr.' The warmin' pan's sich a nasty cank'rous
thing to be burnt 66th.
11. To blight. Of wheat : to be injured by smut.
Nhb.', War.3 Hrt. The kernels of wheat may be cankered or
smutted, Ellis Mod. Husb. (1750) V. i.
12. To rust, corrode ; to iron-mould.
n-Yks.' e.Yks. Marshall Rur. Eton. (i788\ w.Yks. My
clothes are cankered this week, Leeds Merc. Suf>pl. (Jan. 3, 1891).
n.Lin.'i Lei.' War.^ If you leave those fire-irons in the damp,
they'll canker. n.Wil. An iron rail is apt to 'canker' the branches
of fruit-trees trained against it fE.H.G.).
13. To fret, become peevish ; to put into a bad temper,
to sour.
Sc. (Jam.) Bnff.i Gehn ye dee that, ye'll canker 'im a'the-
geether. Abd. We a' hae a something to canker the heart, Occ
Willie Waly{iBTi) 118.
Hence (i) Cankeran, vbl. sb. fretfulness, complaint ;
(2) Cankering, (Trt';. gnawing, corroding ; (3) Cankersome,
adj., (4) Cankery, ctdj. bad-tempered, cross-grained ; (5)
Cankris, adj. vile, bad ; complaining.
(i) Bnfr.' The bairn kecpit a cankeran a' nicht fae's teeth. (2)
Abd. Farewell, dull sorrow, cankering care, good-bye, Ogg Willie
Waly 1,1873) 85. (3) Gall. It's juist haein' mony maisters, ilka yin
mair cankersome and thrawn than anither, Crockett Sunboiinet
(1895') ix. (4) Rnf., Ayr. The cankriest then was kittled up to
daffing, Wilson Poems (18161 40 (Jam.). Ayr. Nae wonder yc
ne'er got a man, ye cankery runt, Galt Sir A. li'ylie (1822) li ;
The melancholious, lazie croon O' cankrie care, 13 urns £/>. lo
Major Logan (1786). n.Yks.' (5) Nhb. Rank bad foaks wi'
cankris harts thit ne'er can happy be, Robson Evangeline (1870)
329 ; Nhb.'
14. Of the weather: to become stormy.
Bnfif.' The weather's gain' to canker or canker up.
[4. The canker on iron, /errtigo, Levins Maitip. (1570) ;
Wher the mothe and kanker corrupt, Geneva Bible (1557)
Matt. vi. 19. 7. In the sweetest bud The eating canker
dwells, Shaks. Tko Gent. i. i. 43 ; Cankyr, wormeof a tre,
teredo. Prompt. 11. To canker, rubiginem conirahere, Coles
(1679).]
CANKERED, ppl. adj. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum. Wm.
Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Lin. Shr. Brks. Bdf. Cmb. Hmp.
I.W. Also written cankert, see below. Cf. canker.
1. Of a wound or sore : inflamed, festered. Of the teeth:
decayed.
Sc. A cankart sair, Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) Bnff.', N Cy.',
Nhb.' w.Yks. Cankered teeth (J.T.). Brks.' Hmp.' That dog's
ear is cankered.
2. Of trees, plants, &c. : blighted, diseased.
Nhb.' A tree is said to be cankered when it appears blighted
from some cause affecting its growth. n.Yks. (I.W.) MiJI.
Marshall Rur. Econ. (1796). Shr.' Them cabbidge 66n mak'
nuthin this 'ear — they bin poor cankered tack.
3. Rusty, covered with verdigris.
N.Cy.', Dur.' Wm. Canker'd brass. Whitehead Leg. (1859)
24. n.Yks.'3 w.Y'ks. WiLi an List Wds. (1811) ; Cudworth
Horton (1886) Gl. Cmb.' Take that ha'penny out of your mouth;
it's all cankered.
4. Cross, querulous; ill-tempered, spiteful, bitter.
Sc. What ails ye to be cankered, man, wi' 3"0ur friends, ScoTT
Antiquary (i8i6i xxv. Elg. A timely clout, she kens, keeps out
December's cankered cauld. Tester Poems (1865) 105. Abd. Ye
ill-tongued cankert shard, Ellis Pronunc. (1889) V. 774. Kcd.
Of cankered cares I've had my share, Jamie Muse (1844) 50.
Per. A meesurable cankered jealous body, Ian Maclaren Brier
Bush (1895)33. I-th. Why should agewi' cankered ee Condemn
thy pranks? Ballantine Po«)i5 (1856) 69 ; Auld canker'd Boreas,
Bruce Poems (1813) 16. Gall. Tvva auld cankered carles,
Crockett Sunbonnet (1895) vii. Ant. Ballymena Obs. 1,1892;.
n.Cy. (K.); Grose (1790); N.Cy.'= Nhb. Find her but a
canker'd bride, Coqtietdale Siigs. (1852) 90; Nhb.' Cum. Yan
o' them cantankarous, cankert, crusty, auld fellows, Richardson
Talk (1876) 153 ; Cum.' . Wm. She's a canker'd auld thing
(B.K.); A lile reedan, cankert, thrceapan paddock, Spec. Dial.
(1877) pt. iv. 38. n.Yks.' 3, e.Yks.' Yks. Thoresby /.c//. (1703).
w.Yks.'* Lan. May ye ha' a pang os sharp i' your cancart eart,
Ainsworth Witches (ed. 1849') ^^- '■ ^' '< Lan.' Aw think hoo's a
bit cankert is th' owd besom, Waugh Ben an Bantam (1866) v.
m.Lan.', Chs.'*^ s.Chs.' Aa" ky'aangk iird uwd thingg- ! dhur)z
n6o liv in widh ur [A cankered owd thing ! there's noo livin' with
her]. nw.Der.' n.Lin.' He's alus real cankered when times is bad.
Shr.' ; Shr.'^ The missus is grow'd meety cankered like in her
temper. Brks.', Bdf. (J.W.B.), I.W.'
5. Of the weather or sky : threatening, lowering; gusty.
Sc. Twa gey cankert-like teethies o' cloud, Roy Horseman's
Wd. (1895) xvi. Elg. A little cankered cloud getting up, Couper
Toiirijicatioiis {iBo'i) II. 79. Bnff.'
Hence (i) Cankert-leukin, adj. (a) of a sore: inflamed,
painful; (b) of persons : sour, unkind in expression; {cj
of the weather : threatening, lowering ; {2) Cankerdly,
adv. ill-naturedly.
(i) Bnff.' (2) Abd. Dinna cankerdly refuse it, Shirrefs Poems
(1790) 18.
[4. A cankered fellow, a cross, ill-conditioned fellow,
Bailey (1721) ; As cankerit carlis that can not be content,
Davidson Brie/ Com. (1573) 236, in Sat. Poems, ed.
Cranstoun, I. 285.]
CANKERROON, sb. Glo. Also written kangarroon.
Any fungus, exc. the puff-ball, not considered edible.
Glo. (S. S. B.) [Not known to our other correspondents.]
CANKIN, sb. Cor. [kae'nkin.] A tin cannister.
e.Cor. On the fire was what is called a cankin. As she could not
pull out the cork with her hand she tried it with her teeth,
iv. Morning A'ews. Cor.^
[Can, sb. + -kin, dim. sufl".]
CANKUM, sb. Chs. Not. Shr. Also in form cancram
Shr.' [karjkam, ksijkam.]
CAN LIE
[507]
CANNY
1. A prank, whim, fit of peevishness.
Chs.i3 Shr.2 Also called Tantrams.
2. A drily liuniorous person Also used attrib.
s.Not. 'E's a cankum [or, a cankum sort o' chapl, 'e will 'cv 'is
joke (J.P.K.).
CANLIE, sb. Obsol. Sc. A boj-s' game, a variety
of tick.'
Abd. (Jam.) ; The boy who is canlie, or 'it,' calls the name of
anolher, who must run. Known also as ' tackie ' or ' tackiecwer
the tailor's grun ' (W. M.).
CANNA, see Can, v.
CANNA(CH, sb. Sc. The cotton-grass, Eriophorum
vac;iiialiiin.
Sc. The downy cannach of the wat'ry moors, Grant Poems
(1803") 42 (Jam.) ; Still is the canna's hoary beard, Scott Lady of
Lake (181 1) II. XV.
CANNAGH, sb. Sc. Also in form connagh Slg. ;
cunnach Per. The ' pip,' a disease of fowls.
Per. The ordinary name for the disease l^G.W.). Fif., Slg. (Jam.)
Ayr. (J.F.)
|Prob. the same as Gael, coitacli, murrain in cattle
(Macleod & Dewar).]
CANNAILYIE, see Canallye.
CANNAS, 56. n.Sc. [kanas.]
1. Coarse canvas, sail-cloth ; hence the sail of a ship.
Cf. cannis.
Bell. A puff o' wind ye cudna get, To gar yaur cannas wag.
Poems, 10 (Jam.^.
2. OA5. .' A coarse sheet used for keeping grain from
falling on the ground when being winnowed.
Sc. (Jam.) Abd. There's ae honest man i' the Micras [a hamlet
near Balmoral], an' he steal'd a cannas, Prov. (,G.W.) Kcd. Barn-
fans, an' flails, an' fleers. An' canasses an' seeks, Grant Lavs
(1884) 3. ^
Hence Cannas-braid, sb. the breadth of such a sheet.
Abd. Grew there a tree with branches close and braid ; The
shade beneath a canness-braid outthrow, Ross Heleiiore (1768) 26,
ed. 1812 ; A cottage with a cannas-treid of a garden, Alexander
Johnny Gibb (1871) xvi.
[Pron. o( canvas.]
CANNAT, sb. Irel. Also written kannat A sharp,
wily fellow ; a peddler, dealer.
Wxf. A cunning country kannat, Kennedy Even. Duffrey (1869)
392 ; Once he found you were a cannat, he'd outwit you, ib. Fire-
side Stories (1870) 98.
[Cp. In ceamtaidhe, a merchant, dealer (O'Reilly).]
CANNEL, 5i.i Som. The faucet of a barrel.
Som. Tap-and canal, W. & J. 67. (i873\
{Tiiyaii, a pipe, quill, cane, canel, Cotcr. ; Wyne canels
accordynge to t)e tarrers (axigtrs), Bk. Nurture (c. 1460) 66,
in Meals <5r- Manners, ed. Furnivall, 5 ; Candle, the faucet,
or quill of a wine vessel (Cotgr.).]
CANNEL, 5/;.2 and v. Sc. Yks. [ka'nl.]
1. sb. The sloping edge of an axe or chisel. Rxb.
(Jam.), w.Yks.'
2. V. To bevel the edge of a knife, to chamfer. Sc.
(Jam.), w.Yks.'
CANNEL, sec Candle, Channel.
CANNEL-BONE, sb. Lan.' The collar-bone. Cf.
channel-bone.
[Baith cannell bayne and schuldir blaid, Wallace (1488)
v. 823.]
CANNIBURR, sb. n.Sc. Written canniber Bnff.>
[ka-nibar.] The sea-urchin. See Burr, sb.'- 8, Bnff'
ne.Abd. (W.M.)
CANNIS, V. Cor. [ksnis.] To toss about carelessly.
Cor. A'. & Q. (1854) 1st S. X. 179; Cor."*
[A pron. oi canvas, to toss in a 'canvas ' sheet. Bcrner,
to canvass, or toss in a sive, Cotgr. See Cannas.l
CANNLE, see Candle.
CANNLEMAS, see Candlemas.
CANNON, sb. Sc. Nhb. Lin. Also in form cannieSc.
[kanan.] In comp. (i) Cannon-mouth, see below ; (2)
•nail, the nail that holds the cart body to the axle.
(i^ n.Lin.' Part of a horse's bit. A round, long piece of iron,
consisting sometimes of two pieces that couple and bend in the
middle ... so contrived that they rise gradually towards the
middle, and ascend towards the palate ; to the end, that the void
space left underneath may give some liberty to the tongue,
Sportsman's Did. {i-jH$). (2 s.Sc. Jam.), Nhb >
[1. Could menage faire His stubborne steed with curbed
canon but, Spenser F. Q. (1596) i. vii. 37. Fr. canon, any
mstrumcnt that is long, and hollow as the barrel of a gun";
a cannon-bit for a horse (Cotcr.).]
CANNY, adj., adv. and int. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Dur. Cum.
\\m. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Lin. Lei. Also written conny
S.Don. n.Cy. (Grose, K.) Cum. Win. n.Yks.'= ne Yks '
e.Yks.i m.Yks.' w.Yks.'" Lan.' n.Lan.' ne.Lan.' Chs»»
s.Chs.' n.Lin.' Der.'; cawney N.I.'; kony (R.) ; konny
n.Yks.= m.Yks.' w.Yks.'* ; see also below. |kani, koni.]
1. adj. Knowing, sagacious, shrewd; prudent, cautious.
Sc. Canny chiels carry cloaks when 'tis clear, Ramsav Prov.
(1737') ; We have a whcen canny trewsman here, Scott /.<-.§•. Motit.
(1818) iv; A canny long-headed Scot, Jokes, 2nd S. (1889; 30.
Abd. Be canny, lad, and tak' some thought. Cock Strains ;i8iol I.
86. Kcd. Just bring them up wi' canny care, Jamie Muse (1844)
45. Frf. Stroke, as it is cannier to call him. Barrie 7om»iy(i896)
250. Per. A cannie man like Hillocks would be preparing for the
campaign, Ian Maclaren ^KWZ.(j«^5v>(f ( 1895 9. Ayr.Agrc.it
deal of learning and cannythocht. Service £);-. Ditguid 1887; 109.
Lnk. There'll sure be nae leevin' for canny dacent bodies ava,
Fraser IVIiaups (1895) i. Gall. This is a matter that requires
management, and canny, judicious management too, Nicholson
Htst. Tales (1843) 68. Kcb. Straight down the steep they slide wi'
canny care, Davidson 5<«so»i5 (1789)6. N.I.' s.Don. Simmons
G/. (1890'. N.Cy.' Canny hinny. Metaphorically, a sly person,
a smooth sinner, especially in affairs of gallantrj-. The rich
daughters of Alderman R. Cock were called 'Cock's canny
hinnies.' Nhb. 'Wi' canny care she claps't afore them, Graham
Moorl. Dial. 1826) 6. n.Yks.' A canny au'd carle; yan wunna
get t'blin' sahd o' he. ne.Yks.' Thoo'll a'e ti be a bit canny wiv
him. e.Yks.', w.Yks. (J.T.) Lin. Streatfeild Z.m. ocrf X>(i««
(1884) 320. n.Lin.i, Lei.'
2. Skilful, dexterous, handy, careful.
Sc. He recommended that some canny hand should be sent up
to the glens to make the best bargain he could, Scott Waverley
(1814) XV ; They hae need o' a canny cook that hae but ae egg to
their dinner, Henderson Prov. (1832) 93, ed. 1881 ; Old tffie
. . . was the canniest hand about a sick-bed, Glenfergus (1820) II.
341 (Jam.). ne.Sc. Wi' canny guidin' o' the reins ... he was gaen
just as I wanted him. Grant Keckleton, 10. Abd. Thae auld
warld fouks had wondrous cann Of herbs, that were baith good for
beasts and man. And did with care the canny knack impart Unto
their bairns, Ross lltlenore (1768) 13, cd. 1812. Ayr. It requires
a canny hand to manage public affairs, Gai.t Provost (1822 xlvii.
Lnk. Ye gales that gently wave the sea. And please the canny
boatman, Ramsay Poems (ed. 1800) II. 256 (Jam.). s.Don.
Simmons Gl. (1890^. n.YkB. Be canny wi' fwindow, mind!
Atkinson Lost (1870I li ; n.Yks.' As canny a workman as ivvcr
ah see. A canny chap with horses ; n.Yks.*, ne.Yks.' w.Yks.
WiLLAN iii/ IFrfs. (1811). n.Lin.1
3. Favourable, safe ; fortunate, lucky, of good omen, esp.
in a superstitious sense. Also in phr. canny moment, the
moment of birth.
Sc. I maunna take leave o' ye wi' the tear in my ee, for that
wouldna be canny, Scott Midlothian (1818) xxvi ; Canny moment,
lucky fit, ib. Guy .d/. (1815) iii ; A large and rich cheese was made
by the women of the family, with great affectation of secrecy, for
the refreshment of the gossips who were to attend at the canny
minute, ib. ; In the gloaming, when the grey stump of a skaithed
tree will look like something no canny. WintEHEAD Da/t Davie
(1876) 256, ed. 1894. n.Sc. Spaik her saft, say I, for she's far frae
canny [of a reputed witchi, Gordon Co»-^/f« (1891)204. Abd. It's
far frae canny, in a haste, I'o crack o'er queer, to ony ghaist. Cock
Strains {1810J I. 19. Per. I daurna use that kin' o" langwidge ;
it's no cannie, Ian Maclaren Bner Bush (1895) 185. Fif. It's
surely no canny for an auld, doited haverel to be the first the
bairn should meet [on its way to church to be baptized], Robert-
son Provost (1894) 57. Dmb. That's the vera thing that gars me
doot if your skill can be canny. Cross Disruption (ed. 1877^ xxiii.
Rnf. They gied us a guid drap o' drink, an' I think they maun hae
put something no canny intil't, Macdonald Settlement (1869) 169.
Slk. That word's no cannie, Chr. North Nodes (ed. 1856) II. 8.
Rxb. This cannie year will mak' ye braw, Ruickbie Cottager, \8o-i)
185 Gall. Birsay steals nane, stealin's no canny ! Crockett Moss
Hags (1895) xxiii.
3 L- 2
CANNY
L508]
CANNY
4. Frugal, saving, moderate, sparing.
Sc. She held her ain, And selled a canny gill, BaUaifs {^885) 49.^
Enf. He had been what is called a 'canny, shrewd Scotchman,'
and had accumulated a large fortune, MArDONALDSc«/<-;««i/( 1869)
173. Ayr. I never was canny for hoarding o' money, Burns
Taibolton Lasses. Lnk. Whate'er he wins, I'll guide with canny
care, Ramsay Poems (ed. 1800) II. 82 (Jam.\ Gall. A cotman's
canny fee. Harper Baids (ed. 1889) 149. Nhb. The e.xpense is
se canny, Tyiiesidc Sngs/r. (1889) 67 ; Nhb.i To get us a canny bit
leevin , "Midford Pi/man's Ois/ifi. (1818). Be canny wi' the sugar.
Cum. ' Be canny wi' the sugar ' was sometimes seen lettered on glass
sugar-basins at country inns (M.P.j ; Cum.^'Be cannie wi' the
cream,' a common legend on tea-ware. m.Yks.^
5. Gentle, quiet, steady, careful.
Sc. A canny horse, Moiilhly Mag. ('1-98) II. 437 ; I am just ane
o' those canny folks wha care not to fight, Scott Rob Roy (181 7)
ix. Rnf. Pit Peg in the kig [gig], as she's gey canny, an' kens the
road, Macdon'ald Sellhment 1,1869) 73 \ Bid . . . Death Lay canny
haun on Peggie's heart, Young Pictures (1865) 27. Ayr. The
servants are stoot kimmers, and are never canny wi' the delf,
Johnston Kilumlhe (i8gi) I. 82. Lth. The canny way's the best
way, after a', Strathesk BUnkboniiy (ed. 1891) 145. Bwk. The
gude-man — a poor, simple, canny body, Henderson Pop. R/iynies
(1856': 81. Gall. Neither Mistress Allison that was abaillie's wife,
nor yet Mistress MacWhirter, were canny women with their
tongues, Crockett Raiders (1894) iv. e.Dur.' A child is told to
be ' canny ' with a jug, a bab}-, or other perishable article en-
ti-usted to him. A juvenile letter at Shields was inscribed on
the envelope, ' Please, Mr. Postman, be canny with this letter."
Cum.i, ne.Yks.i n. & e.Yks. Noo be canny er else thoo'l bi
brecking summat (W.H.).
6. Agreeable, pleasant, nice, good ; comely, dainty.
Applied as a gen. term of approbation or affection to
persons and things.
Sc. Of one in easy circumstances: ' He has a braw canny seat'
(Jam.). nw.Abd. We hae an unco canny laft For haddin orra
trock, Good-wife (1867) St. 6. Kcd. Faur ever am I gj-aun bairns?
Nae canny gait I doot. Grant i!,o,vs( 1884) 5. Ayr. Sca'din's no a
canny thing, Johnston GleiiLitckie (^i&bg) 100; Couthie fortune, kind
and cannie, Burns To Tenatighty. Lnk. Whaever by his canny
fate, Is master of a good estate, Ramsay Poems (ed. 1800) I. 83
(Jam.). Slk. I kend your father well — he's a good cannie man,
Hogg Tales (1838) 74, ed. 1866. Gall. Gathering in the canny
siller as none of the Fenwicks had done, Crockett Bog-Myrlle
(1895)49. n.Cy. (,K.); Grose (1790); N.Cy.12 Nhb. Canny
Newcastle, £>«(/;«;;: Tracts {ed. 1892) I. 309; Sic wonders there
happens iv wor canny toun, Oliver Siigs. (1824) 5 ; O, my sweet
laddie, My cannie keel laddie, Se handsum, se canty, and free,
O! RoBSON Sandgate Lassie (c. 1812) in Allan Colt. U891) 115 ;
Nhb.' The highest compliment that can be paid to any person is to
say that he or she is canny. All that is good and loveable in man
or woman is covered by the expression, ' Kh, what a canny body ! '
A child appealing for help or protection always addresses his
elder as ' canny man.' ' Please, canny man, gi's a lift i' yor cairt.'
The fishwife who wishes to compliment her customer says, ' Noo,
canny-hinny, see what yor buyin'.' e.Dur.* A ' canny little body '
would be a dapper little person, with some notion of briskness and
neatness. Cum. To meake my canny lass a leady gay, Relph
Poems (1747) Haytime ; Tom Linton was bworn till a brave canny
fortune, Anderson jSa//ai/s^ed. 18S1) 46 ; Cannie auldCumraerland
(J.Ar.) ; Cum.' Canny Bob ! lig at him tillhegiz in. Canny come off,
a ludicrous and unexpected turn of affairs; Cura.^ Wm. What canny
stwories I'll to Betty tell, Graham Gvcordy (1778) 1. 89 ; We hev a
connylilepigortwa,i>/>ir Z)/a/ (ed.i872)i; A canny auld wife (B.K.).
Yks.Akonny thing, Thoresby Lett. (1703). n. Yks. They'r canny
Eoort a fooaks to live aside (W.H.) ; There's sike a canny house tc
let, Tweddell C'mel. Rhymes (1875) 22; n Yks.' A canny spot;
n.Yks.' She's conny beeath te feeace an te follow. At connier
hand [more conveniently situated], In canny trim ; n.Yks ^
ne.Yks.' Often used after 'lahtle ' Sha's alahtle conny body. e.Yks.
Marshall Rtir. Eccit. (1788); That conny labile bayn can run
aboot like a two-year-awd, Nicholson /"/iS/i. (1889)95 ! e.Yks.'
Combined gen.^ but not necessarily, with diniinutiveness. m.Yks.'
A diminutive expressive of endearment, and usually joined to
'little.' A conny wee thing. w.Yks. Hutton Tour to Caves
(1781) ; It's been aconnj' soop o' rain (,F.P.T.) ; w.Yks.' ; w.Yks.^
"Tha art a conny fellow; w.Yks.*; w.Yks.^ A conny larl thing
whos'ivver's shoo may be. Lan.' Ay, he's a gay conny fella, an'
th' lasses like him wcel. n.Lan.', ne.Lan.', Chs.'^s s.Chs.' U
kon-i lit-1 wiim'un uz evur aan-ibdi neyd scy [A conny l.ttle wonun
as ever annybody ncid sey]. Der.' Lin. Yes, it's conny for that
[in reply to an admirer of a thatched roof]. A', ty Q. (1882) 6lh S.
vi. 146. n Lin. She's conny enif noo, bud she'll be a poor cram'Un'
thing like me if she lives long enif (M. P.) ; n.Lin.', Lei.'
Hence (i) Cannily, adv. cautiously, skilfully, carefully,
gently, well ; (2) Canny-Nanny, sb. a small stingless
humble-bee ; (3) Canniness, sb. caution, fitness, good
conduct in general ; (4) Cannie-wife, sb. a midwife (cp.
Fr. sage-fci>iine).
(i) Sc. Pit the twa gentlemen cannilly into thepit o' the Tower,
Scorr Leg. Mont. (1818. iv. Abd. I'll stap out right cannilv, And
nane sail ken, Cock Strains (1810) I. 117. Fif. Life must be taken
cannily, Robertson Provost \i8<)^) 18. Ayr. I cannily replied that
I had no time for governing, Galt Provost (1822) ii ; The birkie
wants a Manse, So cannilie he hums them, Burns Holy Fair i 1785)
St. 17. Lth. Slip cannily awa', I'll ne'er let on. Smith Merry
Bridal {1866 53. Nhb. Willy an' Jimmy work'd away tegither
varry cannilly, Keeluuu's Aiui. (1869) 10; Nhb.' Gan cannily doon
the stair. Aa hope ye may aal get cannily hyem. Dur.' Cum.' ;
Cura.3 I's gan to eddle me five shillings cannily, 2. Wm. We dud
varra connoly, Wheeler Z)j'in/. (1790) 18. n. 'Yks. '; n.Yks. 2 That's
cannily deean [cleverly managed] ; n.Yks.^ ne.Yks.' He man-
nished cannily eneeaf. e.Yks.' w.Yks. Willan Z.(s< JFi/s. (1811).
ne.Lan.' (2 ) Nhb.' (3) Sc. (Jam.), N.Cy.', Nhb.' n.Yks. There's
neea cannyness about it J.W.). (4) Sc. Weel, sister, I'm glad to
see you sae weel recovered; wha was your cannj-- wife? Campbell
(1819) I. 14 (Jam.) ; When the pangs of the mother seized his
beloved wife, a ser%ant was ordered to fetch the cannie wife across
the Nith, Cro.mek Nithsdale Siig. (1810) (Jam.).
7. Of quantity, time, distance, &c. : considerable, fair.
Nhb. Gav him a kick. An' a canny bit kind of a fally-o, A'.
Minstrel {1806-1) P'- 'V. 80; Nhb.i Aa've steudin' here a canny
bit. He wis a canny bit ahecd on us. Was thor mony at the
meetin' the day? — Wey, a canny few. e. Dur. It'll tak' a canny
bit. s.Dur. She's a canny bit better. Cum. A canny few fathoms,
hoo far I can't tell, Richardson Talk (1876) 88 ; Cum.' A canny bit
better. Wm. We have a canny long journey yet (B.K.). n.Yks.'
That farm cost a conny lot o' brass; n.Yks. 2 ne.Yks.' There'll be
a canny bit on't left. e.Yks.' What a conny bit thoo's gin ma !
[said satirically]. Lan.i n.Lan. 3 koni lok(W.S.'l; n-Lan,' There's
a conny lock on 'em thrang i' t'hay field owerbye. ne.Lan.'
Hence Cannyish, adj. moderate, fair-sized.
n.Yks.' A cannyish bit o' ground. She brow't him a cannyish lot
o' gear. ne.Yks.'
8. adv. Gently, carefully, quietly, steadily. Also in phr.
to cd' canny, to ' go slow.' See Call, v.^ IV", 5 (5).
Sc. The troddlin burnie i' the glen. Glides cannie o'er its peebles
sma', Tarras Poems (1804) 82 ; He sits very canny [is in easy
circumstances (Jam.); Canny now, lads, canny now! Scott
Antiquary (1816) viii. Abd. Aye he took a' thing sae kin'ly an'
canny, Ogg Willie Waly (1873) 59 ; Our parish howdie, Wha did
herjobssae freelycanny, ShirrefsPo<'h;s(i79o) 266. Kcd. Stagger
canny up the stair, Burness Canon Ha' {c. 1820) I. 411. Frf.
Ye'll crack awa' doucely an' canny, Laing Wayside Flwrs. (1846)
138 ; It's a peety she canna tak things cannier, Barrie Thrums
(1889) 21. Dmb. It's a thoosand pities he fell sae canny. Cross
Disruption (ed. 1877) x. Rnf. [They] rung the bell — canny, Neilson
Poems {i8-i-i)6i. Ayr.We maun ca' canny mony a dayyetbefore
we think of dignities, Galt Provost (1822) ii ; Speak her fair, An'
straik her cannie wi' the hair. Burns Aitthor's Earnest Cry (1786).
Lnk. Juist sat canny whaur their forbears had sat afore. Hunter
J. Inwick{i8g5) 14. Lth. Better crecpin' cannie as fa'in wi' a bang,
Ballantine Poems (1856) 63. e.Lth. Drive canny, till I see them,
Muckledackit Rhymes (1885) 170. Cav. Carry them eggs connie
(M.S M.). Nhb. Ef thoo'll oney sit canny an' still, RoBSON
Evangeline {1810) 2'iS '^ Nhb.' Gan canny. Thoo syun may lairnTo
say dada se canny, Nun.n (c. 1853) Sandgate Wife. Cum. They
brought him varra canny up, Blamire Poems (ed. 1842) 216.
n.Yks.' Gan canny, man !
9. Fairly, tolerably.
Wm. We are canny near home (B.IC^.
10. /;;/. Dear! Bless me! Also used as a term of
familiar address.
Yks. Whars ta bin, Conny? A'. &= Q. (1882) 6th S. vi. 477.
n.Yks.^ It's a fine day, Conny. — Ey, Conny. m.Yks.' An expres-
sion of mock-bewilderment. Conny, bairns !
[1. The fatter benifices ar al amaist distributed cheiflie
to nobil menis sones ... to wit, quha appeiris to haue the
counsel maist cunning, cumlie, and cannie, Dalrymple
CANON BREAD
[509]
CANT
Leslie s His/. Sco/. (i$g6) I. to8. 6. (1) Sa lionorable he
was in amies, . . . sa cannilie could handle al kynd of
wapne, il>. II. 102.]
CANON BREAD, p/ir. Obs. Dev. Bread given to the
Mayor and Aldermen of Exeter, as a customary allow-
ance.
Dev. 1424. Canon bread and wine first given to the Mayor and
ofliccrs, against the feasts of Christmas and Easter, Izacke Mciii.
Cily Exeter ( 1677) 74 ; Grose (1790) MS. add. (H.)
CANOODLE, sb. Som. A donkey; also applied to
persons.
w.Som. A'. &Q. (1879") 5th S. xi. 197. c.Som. Used akofig. of
one who makes love fooMshly or ' spooneys ' (G.S.). [Not known
to our correspondents in w.Som.]
CANORUMS, sb. pi. Cor. Also written conurams,
conorams. A nickname for the Wesleyans.
Cor. Thomas Raiidignl Rhymes (1895") Gl. w.Cor. There is
a new found out religion Come down in the county of late ; They
go by the name of Conoraums Or Methodies, wichey 3'ou will,
Doggrel by Ann Harris of Rednilh (c. 1780); When the first
organ was introduced inlo the Weslcyan chapel, Penzance,
a local poem was written called the Canorum Conclave (M.A.C.).
Cor.3
CANS, see Can, v.
CANSAIT, see Conceit.
CANSE, V. Obs. .> Dmf. (Jam.) To speak in a pert
and saucy style. Hence Cansie, adj. pert. [Not known
to our correspondents.]
CANSER, CANSEY, see Caunsey.
CANSH, see Canch.
CANSHIE, ailj. Obs.? Bwk. (Jam.) Cross, ill-
humoured. [Not known to our correspondents.]
CANSTICK, sb. Brks. [kae-nstik.] A candlestick.
See Kit-of-the-Candlestick.
Brks. I put it in the tiiinen canstick (C.W.).
[A brazen canstick (candlestick, in ed. 1623), Shaks.
(1596) I Hcit. IV, HI. i. 131, see Schmidt.]
CANSY, sec Caunsey.
CANT, K.i and 56.' Sc. Irel. Yks. Chs. Der. Lin. Lei.
Nhp. War. Won Shr. Hrf. Glo. Bdf. Hnt. Cor. [kant,
kaent.]
1. V. To sing ; to speak in recitative. (Jam.)
Sc. Gen. applied to preachers, who deliver their discourses in
this manner. Abd. [Birds] Canting fu' cheerfu' at their morning
mang, Ross Hclenore (1768) 59.
2. To talk, gossip ; to tell talcs, backbite, slander ; to
scold.
Sc. Herd Sngs. (1776) Gl. Ayr. Picken Poems (1778) Gl.
(Jam.) s.Chs.', War.*, w.Wor.i, s.Wor.' Shr.' That keeper's
al'ays cantin' to the Squire about somebody. Hrf.''^, Glo.', Cor.3
Hence (i) Canter, sb. a slanderer; (2) Canting, (a)
ppl. adj., (b) vbl. sb. gossiping, tale-bearing ; (3) Canting-
quarter, sb. the time from Candlemas Day to May Day ;
see below.
(i)Glo.' He's a regular canter. (2,n^is.Chs.' U tae'rblky'aan-tin
wiimun. (6) Chs.' Come i'th haise, an' dunna stond cantin' thecr.
s.Chs.' Naay, dii)nO yoa" goa' ky'aantin tiVjlh gy'aa'fur. Der.*,
nw.Der.i War.. Wor. It 'ud be better if 'er 'ud stay at home
and mind 'er children, instead of going canting about ^H.K.).
Bdf. (J.W.B.) (3) Slir.i Kan-tin kwaur'tur. Candlemas is the
beginning of the 'laying season ' in the poultry-yard, and about
the same time farm-house servants are ' hired for May.' These
events give rise to much chit-chat, or cant, amongst the housewives.
' Docs your goose lay ? Does your maid stay I '
3. To deceive by pious pretences ; to coax, wheedle ; to
humour, pet, make inuch of.
Ctis.', n.Lln.' sw.Lin.' How she does cant that bairn up ! She's
so canted up at home. Lei.' The pony'll be quiet enough when
he's been canted a bit.
Hence (i) Canter, sb. a beggar; one who deceives by
false pretences ; (2) Canting, (a) vbl. sb. wheedling,
coaxing ; (6) ppl. adj. saucy, pert.
(i) Sc. Canters, gaberlunzies, and such like mendicants, Scott
Waverley (1814') xiv. n.Liu.' Moast foaks calls 'em ranters, I call
'em canters. (2, a) w.Yks. Dunnut coam here o' cantin me up
(D.L.). Chs.' Nay, dunna thee come cantin' here, for oi shanna
gie it the. n.Lin.', Nhp.', Hnt. (T.P.F.) (61 War.*, s.War.'
4. sb. Speaking in recitative. Sc. (Jam.)
5. Gossip, tattle ; merry talcs ; malicious talk.
Ayr. Ye hae sae mony cracks an' cants, Buuns Ep. J. Rankine.
s.Chs.' It)s u raoT tahym fur ky'aan t wen dh uwd wim'in
kiimn aayt u ch.iapil [It's a rare time for cant when Ih' owd
women com'n ait o' chapel]. It^s nuwt bu ky'aant. War.*^
Shr.' 'Er's never athout some cant to tell yo' on, goo w'cn yo' will.
Shr., Hrf. Bound Prov. (1876).
6. A tattler, gossip, tale-bearer.
Chs.' Oo's an owd cant, that's what 00 is. War.* Shr.' 'Er's
a reg'lar owd cant. Shr., Hrf. Bou.nd Prov. (1876).
7. A hackneyed expression, a phrase in freq. use. Cf.
by-word.
Ir. Common (P.'W.J.) ; (J.F.) Wxf. I tell God's truth (that,
sir, is a cant w-ith the Courtnacuddy children), Ken.nedy Banks
Boro (1867) 105.
CANT, 56.* and v?^ Irel. Nhb. Dur. Yks. Also written
kent Dwn. [kant.]
1. sb. A sale by auction.
S.Don. Simmons Gl. (1890). Cav. (M.S.M.), Wmh. CW.M.)
n.Cy. To be sold by cant, Grose (1790). n.Yks.*
2. Comp. Cant-master, an auctioneer.
s.Don., Mnn. Simmons Gl. (1890J.
3. V. To sell by auction.
Ir. He . . . canted all we had at half price and turned us to
starve upon the world, Carleton Fardorougha (1848) iii ; They
were everj-where canting their land upon short leases. Swift
Proposal {l^2o). N.I.', Dwn. (C.H.W.) s.Ir. He'll cant every
ha'perth we have, Croker Leg. (1862) 312. Tip. Every haporth
upon the lands and in the house was canted, Hall Irel. (1841)
11.75. n.Cy. Grose (1790); N.Cy.', Nhb.' Dur. Gibson Up-
IVeardale Gl. (1870) ; Dur.'
Hence (i) Canting, vbl. sb. a sale by auction; (2)
Canting-caller, sb. an auctioneer.
(i) N.Cy.', Nhb.', Dur.' n.Yks. It wad be a good thing if we
wer te hev a cantin'— sell all up, Tweddell Clevel. Rhymes (1866)
85 ; n.Yks.' ; n. Yks.* We will call a canting. ' Acannle-canting,'
when articles were appraised until a candle burned down to
a certain mark, and the highest bidder got the bargain, the candle
now being superseded by the sand-glass. In country districts,
where people had to come from long distances to church, sales, it
is said, were wont to be announced after divine service. (2)
N.Cy.', Nhb.'
[1. Cp. Fr. encant, veiidre a reiicaiit, to sell by port-sale,
or outrope (Cotgr.). OFr. iiiqiiaiit, MLat. in quantum,
for how much ; see Hatzfeld (s.v. eitcan).]
CANT, sb.^ and v.^ Var. dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and
Eng. Also written caunt Cor.^; kent se.Wor.'
1. sb. A corner, esp. of a field ; a triangular piece of
wood.
N.Cy,', Suf.i Ken. Grose (1790) ; Lewis/. Tenet {l^z(>)■, Ken.*,
Sus.l
2. An angle greater than a right angle. Nhb.'
3. A bevel ; a slope; the sloping edge of a buttress, &c.
Nhb.' Wm. The cant was put on the wrong side and the
engine came off the road (B.K.). w.Yks.* A man who was hang-
ing a picture so as to project from the wall, said, ' Is the cant or
slope of it right!' n.Lin.', Nhp.'
4. The turn given to a scale-beam in weighing.
Nhb.i In the thrifty marketing of the pitman, the pound of sugar
is described as ' in quarter pounds ' in order to secure four cants of
the scale in weighing, Wilson Pilman's Pay (1843) pt. i. note.
5. A see-saw. Hence fo^po co«//;;p-, to ride on a see-saw.
Ken. (P.M.)
6. A jerk, turn to one side ; a push, throw, fall.
n.Sc. (Jam.) Nhb.' If the tram had gi'eu a cant, 'twad flung
the maister oot. w.Cum. Dhat tri's gilon a kant uar to t'ia said
(W.S.). Nhp.' e.An.' He gave it a cant, into the window, or
over the wall. Nrf.' Ken. Lewis /. Tenet (1736); (P.M.);
K»o.' I gave him a cant, jus' for a bit of fun, and fancy he jus was
spiteful, and called me over, he did; Ken.* Dev., Cor. Monthly
Mag. (1808) II. 544. Cor. I knocked macheens agen the scoanse.
... It were an awkward cant, J. Tnznoovi-z Spec. Dial. (1846) 41;
Cor.'*
7. Comb, (i) Cant-and-cross, a file with a tapering edge ;
(2) -corner, the corner of a field ; (3) •cornered, not at
right angles, oblique ; (4) -dog, (5) -hook, a handspike
with a hook, used lor turning over large pieces of timber;
(6) rail, a triangular rail ; (7) -window, a bay window
with bevelled angles.
CANT
[5x0]
CANTERBURY
(i)w.Yks.i ,2 War. (JR-W. ,Hrf.i (3 Der.2, War. (J.R.W.)
(4) N.Cy.i, Nhb.i [Can. The drivers travel along with . . . cant-
dogs, to keep the logs moving and to start them when they are
jammed, £iig. Ilhist. Mag. (Sept. 1892) 884.] (5'. s.Don. Simmons
G/. 11890% n Lin.i, Nhp.>, se.Wor.l ^6) Nhp.' e.An.' Two are
cut from a square piece of timber sawn diagonally. Suf.' (7!
n.Lin-i Lei.l Disting. from a 'bow-window,' which projects in
a cuiA'e. Nhp.S War. 3, Ken. (D.W.L.)
8. V. To cut diagonally ; to take off an edge or corner ;
to bevel. Nhb.^, w.Yks.'S n.Lin.^ Nhp.'
9. To set on edge, tilt up ; also iiilrans. to lean to one side.
Sc. (Jam.) s.Don. Simmons Gl. (1890). Nbb.i, Cum. (J.Ar.).
w.Cum. (W.S.) Lan. Davies Races (1856) 277. Not. iJ.H.B.i
Lin. We'll have to rush for'ard as she [a smack] grazes and cant
her over, Miller & Skertchly Feiiland (1878) viii. n.Lin.',
sw.Lin.l, Nhp.i, Hrf.^, e.An.i, Nrf.', Hmp.l w.Som.i Tq turnover,
as in rolling a log of timber, or a block of stone. Here, Jim! lend
a hand wi't, vor to cant this here piece — we baint men enough by
ourzels. Cor.' Cant up the bottle ; Cor.3 Caunt the pole a little to
the right. The scaffolding caunted to the right and then fell.
Hence (i) Canted, ppl. adj. tilted, set in a sloping
direction ; see Acant ; (2) Canter, sb. a timber-carrier ;
(31 Canting, ia) vbl. sb. setting up on edge ; {b) athwart,
tilted ; (4) Canting-dog, sb., see Cant-dog.
(i) Nhp.i A canted grate. Cor.^ (2) n.Yks.^ One who brings
' bauks ' or tree-trunks from the woods to the ship-yards. (3. a)
Lan. Canting a vessel, Gaskeli. Leclutes Dial. (1854) 13. (4) Cor.^
(4) w.Som.' Kan'teen-duug.
10. To turn upside down, upset ; to throw with a jerk,
to toss.
Sc. That spray of a bramble has . . . nearly canted my wig into
the stream, Scott Antiquary (1816) xvii. s.Sc. Johnny and his
wife were floundering in the water, having been fairly canted in,
Wilson Tales (1839) V. 88. N.Cy.i e-Dur.' It canted owre.
Cum.' s.Chs. Iv yi dun)u mah3'nd, dhis lboud)l ky'aan't oar [if
ye dunna mind, this looad 'uU cant o'er] (T.D.). Nhp.^ Glo.'^,
e.An.i, Nrf.' Ken. He was canted out of the chaise, Grose (1790) ;
(P.M.) ; Ken.i The form canted up, and over we went. Sur.'
Sus. Canting back the abraded soil, Hoskyns Talpa (1857) 203;
Sus.* The cart canted over and he was canted out into the road ;
Sus.=, Hmp.i
Hence Canty, adj. on the point of faUing, liable to be
upset. n.Yks. (I.W.)
11. To move about jauntily.
e.Yks.' Awd woman gans cantin aboot like a young lass.
[1. Irene, or Peace, she was placed aloft in a cant,
loNSON James I's Enterfainmeiit (1603 », ed. Cunningham,
ll. 562. Cp. Du. kaiil, edge, brink, EFris. kaute, kaiit,
edge, corner (Koolman) ; OFr. caitt, corner (mod. champ),
see Hatzfeld (s.v. Chant, 2) ; cp. Fr. dial. (Bearnais) canf
(Lespy). 8. Cp. Du. kaitteii, to cut edges or corners
(Hexham). 9. EFris. kanten, 'etvvas auf die Seite legen'
(Koolman).]
CANT, s6.* and w.* Ken. Sur. Sus. Hmp. [kaent]
1. sb. A division or portion into which a field is divided
for reaping, &c. ; a portion of arable woodland.
Ken. They have got five cants of wheat down (D.W.L.) ; (P.M.) ;
(H.M.); Ken.'; Ken.* When a wood is thrown into fellcts, or a
field of wheat dispos'd into parts to be hired out to the reapers,
they call them cants. Sur.' Sus. He has got a job of wood-
cutting in the top cant of Rolfs Gill, Egerton Flk. and Ways
(1884)137; Sus.' 2
2. A slice out of a haystack ; a portion ; a cut or joint of
meat.
Ken. I aint so much as begun a cant of hay J'et, it's all to do
(W.H.E.) ; Cut a cant out of the haystack for "the horses (H.W.) ;
■The butcher has sent me a very bony cant (H.M.) ; Obs. 1803.
Oct. 14. Paid Mr. Burgit for a cant of beef, £i 5s. Zd., Maylam
Faim Ace. (P.M.) Sus.', Hmp. (Hall,")
3. Comp. (i) Cant-book, see below ; (2) -furrow, a
divisional furrow.
(i) Ken.' Every farm-bailiff has his cant-book for harvest, in
which the measurements of the cants appear, and the prices paid
for cutting each of them. (2 Ken. Morton Cyclo. Agrk. (1863;
Ken.' Every farm-bailiff draws his cant-furrows through the
growing corn in the spring.
4. V. To let out land to mow, hoe, &c.
Ken. Morton Cyclo. Agrk. (1863).
5. In phr. /o caul out, to divide afield or wood into 'cants.'
Ken. (P.M.)
[Cp. MDu. kanf, a piece, portion, a district of land, a
piece of bread (Verdam).]
CANT, si.* Irel. A long stick or staff. See Quant.
Ir. In his hand he carried a long cant spiked at the lower end,
Carllton Traits Peas. (1843) I. 336. s.Don. Simmons Gl. (1890).
CANT, adj and v.^ Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der.
[kant.]
1. adj. Brisk, vigorous, hale and hearty, esp. of old
persons ; merry, cheerful, talkative. Cf. canty.
Cum. He could spin a lang yarn aboot a thing, an' he was cant
an' comical, Waugh Rambles in Lake Cy. (i85i) vi. Wm. He's
gaily cant, gangin' aboot like a three year auld (B,K.\ w.Yks.
Th' wife's a raight cant body, and as dean! Bronte Shirley [iZ^ai)
ix ; (S P.U.) ; Isn't she a cant old woman, you'll find few with as
much talk at her age (M.N.) ; -w.Yks.' Shoe hods mitch at j'an
like, cant an deftly i' th' mornin, ii. 291 ; w.Yks.3 He's pretty
cant for an old man. Lan. Hooisyon — as cant as a kittin', Waugh
Stieck-Bant f i868;i iv ; [Said of a hale person of 70 years :] If he
had not had a good wife, he would not have looked so ' cant,' Chs.
N. & Q. (1882) II. 135 ; Lan.1, ns.Lan.', e.Lan.', m.Lan.' Chs.
Very cant, God yield you! Ray (1691) ; (K.); Bailey (1721) ;
Grose (1790) ; Chs."* Der.' Spoken chiefly on a person's re-
covering in an illness. Also called Crank, q.v.
2. V. Obs. To recover or grow strong after sickness.
n.Cy. Grose (1790^ ; N.Cy,* ; Bailey (1721). w.Yks.'
Hence Canting, vbl. sb. recovery, esp. of a woman after
confinement.
n.Cy. Grose (1790). Yks. A health to the goodwive's canting,
Ray (1691;. Chs.3
[1. Cant, validus, vividiis, ve^etus, Coles (1679) ; Knightes
full kene, & cant men of wille, Dest. Troy (c. 1400) 2267.
2. To cant (recover), convatesco, sanesco (post piierperium].
Coles (1679). Cp. EFris. kant, neat, pretty, ready
(Koolman).]
CANT, v.^ n.Sc. (Jam.) To ride at a hand-gallop,
canter. [Not known to our correspondents.]
CANT, sb? Obs.1 Sc. An illusion. [Not known to
our correspondents.]
n.Sc. Williy's wisp wi' whirlin' cant Their blazes ca'. That's
nought but vapours frae a stank, Morison Poems (1790) 38 (Jam.).
CANT, sb.'' n.Sc. A trick, a bad habit.
n.Sc. Still in use (W.C.:. Abd. An auld cant, an ancient
traditionary custom (Jam.).
CANT, sb.^ Cor. In phr. a cant of a way, a long way.
Cor.'*; Cor.3 Used as implying that the distance was unex-
pectedlj' long, especially by a mistake in the way.
CANT, sb.^ Obs. n.Cy. (K.) A company or great
number.
CANT, see Count.
CANTANKERED, adj. Wm. Cross-grained, cantan-
kerous.
Wm. As cross an old chiel, and as cantankered a soul as ever
lived, Close Leg. and Tales (1862) 30; Wm.'
CANTEEN, sb. Nhb. Dur. Also Ken. A small flat
wooden barrel, containing about half a gallon, in which
a pitman carries water or coffee; a can for liquids.
Nhb.' Nhb., Dur. Greenwell Coal Tr. Gl. (1849). Ken. i
milk canteen, i yest canteen, Pluckley Vestty Bk. (1793); Obs.
(P.M.)
CANTEL, see Cantle, s6.'
CANTER, 56.' Nhb.' [kantsr.] Old milk cheese.
CANTER, sb." Nhp. Bdf. [kse-nt3(r).] A pint or
quart jug.
Nhp.' Bdf. (J.W.B.) ; Ale is sold at the public-houses by mugs,
pots, tankards, and canters. . . . The three latter names are
applied to the larger measure or quart, Batchelor Agric. (1813)
592-
CANTER, V. Yks. [ka-nt3(r).] To scold, 'nag,'
grumble. Cf chunter.
n.Yks. He's awlus canterin' on (I.W.).
Hence Cantery, ad/, grumbling, churlish.
n.Yks. He's a cantery awd fella fl.W.).
CANTERBURY, sb. Nrf Sus.
1. A gossip, busybody.
Bus. An old Canterbury (J.W.B.) ; Used round Chichester
■G.A.W.).
CANTHRIF
L5"]
CANTRIP
2. In comb, (i) Canterbury bells, Cardaiiiiiie pratensis,
lady-smock ; (2) — hoe, a kind of spud.
(i) Nrf. (a) Sus. A two spcan spud, or Canterbury hoe, witli
points instead of a broad blade, Jefferies lldgiiv. (,18891 79.
CANTHRIF, sb. Yks. A body of people, a class.
n.Yks.2 I'll whallop the whooal canthrif [fight the entire lot].
[The same word as canlref. Cantred or catilref (\Ne\sh),
a particular division of a country in Wales, Phillips (1706).
Cf. cantred.]
CANTLAX, sb. Wm. A silly, giddy woman.
Wm. She's a gurt cantlax (B.K.). [Not known to our other
correspondents.]
CANTLE, sh.'^ So. Irel. Nhb. Yks. Lan. Shr. Hrt. Suf.
Ken. Som. Also written cantel Shr.' Ken.' [ka'ntl,
kaentl.]
1. A corner, projection ; the corner of a field.
Sc. In the dexter cantle of the shield, Scott Waveiley (1814': I.
Ir. In a cantle o' the wall I seen an ould woman, Yeats Flk-TaUs
(1888) 109. Hrf.' A cantle of a field.
Hence Cantlin, sb. a corner; the chine of a cask or
adze. Ayr. (J.\m.)
2. A triangular rail. Cf. cantrail. Suf
3. A fragment, piece ; a slice of bread, cheese, &c.
Sc. The apprizcr . . . cut the family out of another monstrous
cantle of their remaining property, Scott Gttv M. ,18151 II. ii ;
A huge cantle of what had once been a princely mutton pasty, ib.
Redg. 'vi824) Lett, x.'c ; A cantle o' the rock hungowre us. A cantle
o' cheese (Jam. SiifpL). Lan.' Shr.' Obsol. We mun bake to-
morrow, I see, as theer's on'y one loaf an' a bit of a cantel as'll
'ardly see breakfast o'er. Hrf. Du.ncumb Hist. Hrf. (1804-12);
Hrf.' Ken. Obs. (P.M."); Ken.' A cantel of wood, bread, cheese, &c.
w.Som.' Always used for slices cut from a cheese. Plai'z, muum,
tu spae'ur maudhur u kantl u chee'z [please, ma'am, to spare
mother a cantle of cheese].
4. In phr. Ilie cande o' the causey, the best part of the
road or footpath. See Causey.
Sc. When he's fou he's stout and saucy, Keeps the cantle o' the
causey, Scorr Donald Caird (1818).
5. The leg of a lamb or other young animal.
Frf. Stephens Farm Bk. (ed. 1849) I. 593. w.Yks. Willan
List IVds. (1811).
6. An indefinite number or quantity. Cf. cant, sb.*
Ken. We say a cantell of people or cattle. To sell by cantcll
was an old custom of selling by the lump without tale or measure,
Kennett Par. Aiiliq. (1695) ; Ken.'
7. The protuberant part at the back of a saddle, the
hind-bow.
Gall. I lingered . . . till he should ride forth upon his great
black horse, that he might catch me up beside him on the cantle,
Crockett Moss Hags (1895) i. Hrf.^, Ken. (P.M.)
8. The crown of the head; see also below.
Sc. I clawed his cantle to some purpose with my hearth-besom,
Scott St. lioiwii (1824") xiv. Per. The wife wad be for pu'in
the wigaffmy cantle, Cleland Iitclibracten (1883) 149, ed. 1887.
e.Lth. They wad tak saxty days wi' plccsure juist to gie him anc
owcr the cantle wi' a palin'-stab, Hu.nter J. Inivick ^ 1895) 108
Rxb. Wi' cuffs an' clours upo' my cantle, A. Scott Poems (ed.
1808) 46 ; The thick, fieshy part behind the ear in a tup's head ;
considered as a delicacy (Jam.V N.Cy.', Nhb.'
9. The head of a cask. N.Cy.', Nhb.'
Hence Cantle-piece, sb. that part of the end of a cask
into which the tap is driven. Nhb. (Hall.) ; Nhb.'
[L The cantelle of the clere schelde he kerfes in
sondyre, Morte Arth. (c. 1420) 4231, ed. Brock, 125. 3.
Liron de pain, a little gobbet, luncheon, or cantle of bread,
CoTGR. ; A cantel, pars, portio. Levins Manip. (1570). 7.
The saddle is furnished without any tree, yet hath it
cantle and bolsters, Dekker Beliitan (1608) sig. G 3.
OFr. (Picard) caiitil, the same as Fr. chaittcait, a corner-
piece, or piece broken off from the corner, hence, a cantel
of bread, &c. (Cotgr.).]
CANTLE. sb."^ Lan. Chs. Der. Shr. [ka'nU.] A
canful. Cf. basketle, bucketle.
Lan.' Chs.' Ahr parson's missis is a stingy iin ; 00 nobbur gen
me ale a cantle o' soup. s.Chs.' Ky'aantl. nw.Dsr.' Shr.'
Obsol. Han' 'ec 'ad a ''Tummasin' this time? — Most o' the good
owd 'ouse-keepcrs gid'n us a cantle lor every one.
CANTLE, V. Sc. Yks.
1. To tilt up ; to fall over.
Ayr. I J.F.) w.Yks.'' Now mind it doesn't cantle.
2. To erect, set on a height. Hence Cantled, ppl. adj.
set aloft, perched up.
Ayr. (J.F.) Lth. Lo, the Kirk! sae heichly cantled On its
knowe, Lumsden S/ifc/'-ZiOTt/ (1892) 129.
3. Fig. in phr. to cantle up, to brighten up, bestir oneself;
to recover health.
Abd. Johnny Gibb's fairly cantl't up again. Alexander Johnny
Gibb (187O xlix; Sandy spak back in a wye to gar the body
cantle up. ib. xvii ; Very rarely used without ' up ' (P.C).
CANTLEBONE, sb. Som. Dev. The collar-bone ; the
projecting vertebra at the base of the neck ; the lowest of
the vertebrae. Cf. cannel-bone.
w.Som.' Sometimes called the ' cantlc-bone of the neck.' Applied
to other parts of the body ; Darn'd if I didn think he'd a-brokt the
kantl booun o' my ass. n.Dev. Tha wut net break the cantlebone
o' thy tether ecnd, E.xni. Scold. (1746) 1. 280.
CANTLING, sb. Yks. Rut. A light joist or narrow
strip of wood. Also called Scantling.
w.Yks. 2 Rut.' To 15 foot of cantlen . . . ss. 6d., Clinrcli A^c.
(1751) (s.v. Scantling).
[A vessell . . . which hee shall cause to be set vpon a
cantling, Markham Countrey Faniie (i6i6) 611.]
CANTON, sb. and v. Obs. Sc.
1. sb. An angle, corner.
Sc. Made the enclosure of the Colledgedisproportional, wanting
a canton upon that quarter, Cravfukd Univ. Edb. (1808) 129 (Jam).
2. V. To divide, split up.
Lnk. Sixty-eight presbyteries, which are again canton'd into
fourteen synods, Wodrow Church Hist. (ed. 1828) I. 63. [Ken-
nett Par. Anliq. (1695).]
CANTOR, sb. Cor.'2 (s.v. Cader.) A small frame of
wood on which a fisherman keeps his line.
CANTRED, sb. Irel. Also in form cantrell. A
measure of land. Cf. canthrif.
w.Ir. Nigh upon two cantrells of land he rented, not a foot less.
Lawless Grania (1892) I. vi. Wxf. Several cantreds of land,
Kennedy Even. Diiffrey (1869I 253.
CANTRIP, sb., V. and adj. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Also
written cantraip Bwk. ; cantrap n.Cy. Nhb.' [kantrip.]
1. sb. A magic spell or incantation, a charm ; a witch's
trick.
Sc. Sic bcnison will sain ye still Frae cantrip, elf, and quarter
ill, Chambers Sj/g's. (1829) II. 517; Are ye casting yer cantrips in
the very kirkyard, to mischieve the bride and bridegroom, Scorr
Biide of Lam, (1819) xxxiv. Abd. Some cantrip-castin' cock, wha
spells can read, Shirrefs Poems (17901 75. Frf. A muckle black
beuk Frae whilk she there gathers o' baith cantrip an' spell, Watt
Poet. Sketches (1880) 75. Fif. Ane goddess . . . Down frae the sky
come linkin', And cast her cantrip owr her knicht, Tennast
Pafiistry (1827) 147. Ayr. By some devilish cantraip slight, Burns
Tam o Shanier (I'jgo) 1. 127. Lnk. Mausy Can cast her cantrips
and gie me advice, Ramsay Gentle Shep. (1725) 47, ed. 1783;
Many were the counter-charms in use for preserving cattle from the
'cantrips coosten owre them by the uncanny," Hamilion /'ocwis
(1865) 206. Edb. As long as I had the Psalm-book in my
pocket, they would be gey and clever to throw any of their bl.isted
cantrips over me, Moir Mansie IVatich (1828) vii. Bwk. They
' wrought their cantraips owre the banes,' Henderson Pop.
Rliymes (1856) 57. Slk.. Should she cast ony cantrips, HoCG Tales
(1838) 371, ed. 1866. n.Cy. Grose (1790 ; N.Cy.' Nhb. Like a
cunjurer he'd sit. His black airt at some cantrips tryin', Wilson
Pitman's Pay (1827) pt. ii. st. 46; Nhb.' Cum. Gin ye'll play
some cantrip to make me forget him, e.Ciim. News (Jan. i, 1888)
8 ; Cum.' ' Come, Robin, show us yen o' thy cantrips. Aa divn't
care for tha, God's abeiinn the deeval.' Just then a whirlwind
arose and overturned nearly every cock in the field. No more
cantrips were asked for.
2. A trick, frolic, piece of mischief.
Sc. 1 think some Scotch deevil put it in my head to play him yon
ither cantrip, Scott Antiquary (:8i6) xliv ; Life wad no be worth
havin' if I had to write down a' the sen'ant lassie's cantrips in a big
bookie, Steel Rowans 11895) 200. Frf. Her big tam-cat Had
played some cantrips. Watt Poet. Sketches (1880) 22. Rnf. Re-
gardless wha sits on its back, Its cantrips aye repeatin', Neilson
Poems 1,1877) 83. Ayr. Bonaparte, as it is well known, was a
periectlimb ol Satan against our prosperity. . .. Hiscantnps, in this
CANT-ROBIN
[5T2]
CAP
year, began to have a dreadful effect, Galt Amu Parish (1821)
xlix.' Lnk. The creatur's ken when we laugh at their cantrips we
winna be ower sair on them, Fraser Whaiips (1895) xiii. Slk.
Nane o' your cantrips wi' me, Hogg Tales (,1838) 56, ed. 1866.
N.Cy.', Nhb.i
3. V. To perform ' uncanny ' or magic deeds.
Wm. She oft went rompen wi' the deel To some kirkyard
when't wind blew hard To cantrip ower the deed. Whitehead
Leg. (1859) 35.
4. adj. Magical, witch-like.
Kcd. A' his cantrip tricks were dung By scarlet thread an' ran-
tree rung, Grant Lays (1884) 103. Rnf. Their cantrip arts are
nought to me, Allan £«■. Houis (1836) 125. Ayr. When the best
wark-lume i' the house, By cantrip wit, Is instant made no worth
a louse, Burns ^rfrf;css£)«7 (17851; In order that the gipsy oracle,
with her cantrip arts, might penetrate the future, Johnston Clen-
biickie (1889) 10.
CANT-ROBIN, sb. Fif. (Jam.) The dwarf wild-rose,
with white flowers.
CANTY, adj. and adv. Sc. Irel. Nhb. Cum. Wm. Yks.
Lan. Stf Lin. Also written cantie, see below, [ka-nti.]
1. adj. Pleasant, cheerful; merry, brisk, lively. See
Cant, adj.
Sc. decking time's aye canty time, Scott Guy M. (1815) i ; A
fine canty friendly cracky man. Stevenson Calriona (1892) xii ; A
cozy house, and canty wife, Keeps aye a body cheerly, Cheales
Prov. Flk-Lore, 137 ; As canty 's a crick (J.Ar.). ne.Sc. A canty
income sufficient, an' mair than sufficient, for my wants. Grant
KeckUion, 10. Abd. A snug thack'd house, a canty fire, Beatties
Parings (1813) 66, ed. 1873; Lindy is as canty as a midge, Ross
//ctojon' (1768) 142. Kcd. A minister o' Bobbintap Composed a
canty spring. Grant Lays (1884) 53. Frf. Old Snecky Hobart,
who was a canty stock but obstinate, Barrie Z.iV:/i^(i893^ 65. Per.
The minister hardly ever speaks gin ye dinna speak tae him,
though he's aye canty, Ian Maclaren Aiitd Lang Syne (1895I 47.
e.Fif. There he sat doon wi' a cantie bit wifie, Latto Tain Bodkin
( 1864) xxxi. Rnf. Frisk awa, cantie lambie, Young Pictures { \&6^)
57. Ayr. Now they're crouse and cantie bailh. Burns Duncan
Gray; He was canty in hisbarliehoods, Service Notani/niiis (1890)
102' Lnk. I'll be more canty wi't and ne'er cry dool, Ramsay
Gentle S/iep. (nzs) 21, ed. 1783; Jist listen to this canty sang,
Wardrop J. Malhieson (i88i) 12. Lth. A canty nicht we hae.wi'
speeches an' toasts an' sic like, Strathesk More Bits ed. 18851 225.
Edb. He was a crouse, cantie anld cock, MoiR Mansie Waiic/i
(1828J 81. Slk. Let me tell you to your face, ma canty chiel, Chr.
North Nodes l,ed. 18561 III. 130. GaU. The wee leddy took the
road hame as canty as a lark, Crockett Raiders (1894 i xxiii. Ant.
He is a canty body, Ballyntena Obs. (1892^ n.Cy. Grose (1790).
N.Cy.' Nhb. My canny keel laddie, Se hansum, se canty, and
free, O! RoBsoii Sandgate Lassie {c.i&iz) in Allan Co//, (i 891) 114;
Nhb.' Cum. Let us . . . Still be as canty as we can. Stagg Misc.
Poems (1805) New Year's Epist.; (M.P.); Cum.^ Wm. Many a
thrifty old dame, and her canty old man, Close Tales and
Leg. (1862) 72. n.Yks. (I.W.); n.Yks.' ; n.Yks.^ A canty aud
decam for her years. ne.Yks.' In rare use. Sha's a canty au'd
lass. e.Yks. Marshall Riir. Econ. (1788); e.Yks.l Gen. made
use of in ref. to elderly persons. m.Yks.' w.Yks. HurrON Tour
to Caves (1781) ; My mother lived till eiglity, a canty dame to the
last, Bronte IVulhering Heights (1847) xxii. n.Lan. Hi sud miak
a kanti aid man (W.S.~. neXan.', n.Lin.'
Hence (i) Cantie-snatchet, sb. a louse ; (2) Gantily,
adv. pleasantly, merrily ; well.
(I) Rxb. (Jam.) (2) Abd. Sae biyth and cantily they sing,
Shirrefs Poems (1790) 280. Kcd. Cantily they pass'd the manse,
An cantily the kirk, Grant Lays (18841 10. Ayr. [She] joked
with me real cantily, Johnston Glenbiickie (i889"i i8r ; Made the
winter nights fly cantily by, Galt ^HH. Parish (i82i')xxxiii. GaU.
Walking cantily on their ain feet, Crockett Cleg Kelly (1896) 271.
2. Small and neat.
n.Sc. A canty creature (Jam.).
3. In good health, well.
Abd. This epistle comes to speir gin j'e be canty, Beatties
Parings{i&i'^ I. 'Wm. Hoo er ye?— Ah'scanty,considerin'(B.K.).
4. Slightly intoxicated.
Stf. Monthly Mag. (i 816) I. 494.
5. adv. Contentedly, merrily, cheerfully.
Lth. Three short years flew by fu' canty, Macneill Poet. IVks.
(18561 127. Rxb. Canty he sat wi' his buckle bund shoon, Riddell
Poet. IVks. (ed. 187 1) 1. 37. GaU. Sit canty like Jenny and Jack,
Crockett Grey Man (1896) 248.
CANYEL, V. and sb. Lnk. (Jam.) 1. v. To jolt, cause
to jolt. 2. sb. A jolt.
CAP, sb} Van dial, uses in Sc. Irel. and Eng.
1. In coiiip. (i) Cap-ball, a boy's game ; see below ; (2)
■dockin, the butter-burr, Pctasilcs vulgaris; (3) -head,
a top placed upon an air-box, used in sinking, &c., for the
purpose of getting as much air as possible ; (4) -hens,
a breed of fowls having a large crest or top-knot ; (5)
-mint, the plant Cataiiiiiitha officinalis ; (6) -neb, (a) see
-nebbing ; (b) the piece of iron put on the toe of a shoe ;
(c) a kind of pastry made in the shape of a semi-circle;
(7) -nebbing, the peak or projecting front of a cap ;
(8) -paper, a coarse brownish paper; (9) -raven, {a)
a cap or hood in a framework of timber ; (b) pi. Obs.
portions of wooden spars put in as stowage when the
cargo of timber is packed into the ship's hold ; (10) -river,
a termagant; (11) -screed, the broad frill or border of
a woman's cap ; (12) -shell, the piece of iron which covers
the end of a plough-beam to regulate the breadth and
depth of the furrow ; (13) -staff, a lever by which a press
is moved.
(i) N.I.' Ant. Supposing there are six players, their caps are
laid in a row against the wall, and each throws a ball in succession
at the caps. If the thrower succeeds in putting a ball into a cap,
all run away but the person to whom the cap belongs, who seizes
the ball and tries to hit some one with it. If he succeeds, a stone
is put in the cap of the one hit ; if he misses, a stone is placed in
the thrower's cap. The first person to get six stones in his cap
has to undergo a penalty, ^ch. he has to stand against a wall with
his right hand extended till all strike him with the ball (W.J.K,).
(2) n.Yks. (3) Nhb.' Nhb., Dur. Greenwell Con/ T)-. G/. (1849).
(4) Brks. Seven cock chickens or seven cap hens, Hughes Scour.
White Horse {iSsg) vii ; (M.E.B.) (5) Yks. {6, a) Leeds Merc.
Suppl. (Jan. 20, 1892). Lan. Aw fund two cap-nebs and a thimble
in it, Waugh OWiJorf/f, 250. (A) Slk. (Jam.) (c) w.Yks. Hah's
thi cap-nebs, Joe? — A hawpny. — Gi'eus two(M.F.). (7)n.Yks.'2
(8) nw.Der.i (9, a) Nhb.' Capravens for trussles. Barber Surgeon's
Bks., Ne2ixastle. (b) n.Yks.^ Obs. (10) Lan.' He's a terrible hen-
ptckt chap, too, for their Sally's a gradely cap-ris-er when hoo
starts, Waugh Chimn. Corner^iS^sX (i i) Dur.', n.Yks.'^ w.Yks.
Hur cap-screed an hair all hingin dahn like a weepin willa, Tom
TREDDLEH0YLEZJn/)H£/<i.4;;H. (1861) 31 ; w.Yks.'2 n.Lin.' Master
Edward's setten my cap-screed a-fire, as I was huggin' him up to
bed. (12) Nhb.' (13) Som. The press is strained as tight as it
will bear by a lever or cap staff, Marshall Reiieiv (1818) II. 524.
2. in phr. (i) Cap and biitlon, master and mistress both,
a woman whose husband is a nonentity ; (2) — and knee,
(3) — in hand, humbly, gratefully.
(i) Chs. Th' owd lass were cap and button too i' that house,
Croston Enoch Crump (1887) 8. (2^, Sc. A generous remuneration
to the attendants which was received with cap and knee, Scott
Nigel (1822) XXXV. (3) n.Lin.' He's alus cap in hand to . . . when
he's thcare, but when his back's ton'd he calls him a leein' nazzlc,
like th' rest o' foaks. Nhp.'
3. A sum of money collected after a ' run ' for the
benefit of the huntsman, or for a professional cricketer.
■War.3 w.Som.' Dhai gau t u kaa'pu zab m shiiheenz-n viit puns
vauT-n [they got a sum collected of seven shillings and hvepence
for hiniT.
Hence (i) Cap, v. to make a collection of money either
in the hunting-field or cricket-ground ; (2) Cap-money,
sb. the money so collected.
(i ; "War .3 They used to cap for us then, Mordaunt & Verney
War. Hunt (i8g6) I. 288. w.Som.' (2) ib. In daily observance.
' A hundred a year and cap-money' is the commonest of phrases
for the salary of a huntsman.
4. A piece of leather or patch on the toe of a boot or
shoe.
Nhb.', e Dur.' n.Wm. Put us a cap on mi shoe (B.K.). n.Yks.
(I.W.) w.Yks. Mi buit wonts a kap seun on (J.W. ).
5. The top or hood-sheaf of a shock of corn.
Nhb.' c.Yks. Marshall Rur. Econ. (1796). Nhp.'
6. Comp. Cap-sheaf, the sheaf of corn with which
a 'stitch' is covered in showery weather; the straw
forming the top of a thatched rick. Also used y?§-.
Ayr. The neighbourhood turned out in a body to share in the
triumph of putting the cap-sheaf, as it were, on Peter's castle,
1 Ballads and Sngs.^^%^^(>)\.'LOl. Nhb.' Dor. Barnes G/. (1863}.
CAP
[513]
CAP
w.Som.' Jim must g' up'n the whait-field ; tlic kaap slieevz be all
a-blowed off.
7. The blue ' top ' or lambent flame, which appears
above the ordinary flame of a candle or lamp, when
it is burning in an atmosphere of air and fire-damp.
Also called Show (q.v.).
NUb.' Nhb., Dur. Greenwell Coal Tr. Gl. (1849V
8. pi. The combs of wild bees ; the tops put on bee-
hives for the purpose of getting the combs. So. (Jam.),
Ayr. (J.F.)
9. pi. Fungi of various kinds, toad-stools.
e.An.*, Suf. i.F.H.) Sus., Hiup. IIolloway.
10. An upper bed of stone in the Swanage and Portland
quarries.
Dor. In Seacombe quarry there is ' White cap,' ' Spangle cap,'
' I-isby bod,' ' Middle cap,' ' House cap,' and ' Under-picking cap'
(C.W.) ; The cap is a very hard, glassy stone, and varies in thick-
ness from I to 24 inches. At Portland 'cap' is also the name of
a bed of the Purbeck formation, which overlies the Portland forma-
tion (H.J.M.).
11. The band made either of leather or wood, which
connects the two parts of a flail.
Chs.i Ken. (P.M.) ; Ken.' A flail has two caps, the hand-staff
cap, gen. made of wood, and the svvingel cap, made of leather.
Hence (i) Cappence, (2) Capsall, sb. the hinge or
swivel-joint of the old-fashioned tlail.
(i I Wil.' (2) Wil. An old rustic rejoiced in a present of stout
white leather — ' 'twill make a famous capsall for my new draishells'
[Hail], A'. & Q. ii86S, 4th S. ii. 518.
12. A highly polished cylindrical shaped cover, used to
wind the yarn on to the bobbin by means of the friction
set up by the revolution of the yarn round it. w.Yks.
(F.R.)
13. Coiiip. Cap-stick, a short staff which is put inside the
cleaning cloth when cleaning out the caps. ib.
[11. Cappe of a flayle, liasse dun Jlaiav, Palsgr. ;
A cappe of a flaylle, cappa, Cath. Aiigl. (1483).]
CAP, sb.^ Sc. Irel. Also written caup Sc. [kap,
kop, k9p.]
1. A wooden cup or bowl, sometimes with two ears or
handles.
Sc. It is pity but he could keep caup and can frae his head,
Scott iXigcl (1822) xv. Sh.I. {Coll. L. L.B.) Elg. I'm sick o' brose
an' brochan dose, A richer caup I'll claw yet, Tester Poems (1865")
120. EnfF.' He's as fou's cap or stoup'll mack 'im [He is as drunk
as possible]. Abd. There's naething leyk a timmer cap For milk,
or ale or weer, Goodwi/e (1867') st. 34. Kcd. Bowies, cogs, and
caups, Grant Lays i 1884) 2. Frf.Twa e'en maist as big as brose
caps. Watt Poel. Sielches (1880) 26. e.Fif. The wife wi the
caudle caup on her knee, Latto Taut Dodkin (1864) ii. Rnf.
Bl3'the Willie o' the kirn and cappie, Barr Poems (1861) 91.
Ayr. Drink gaed round in cogs an' caups. Burns Holy /"(»>( 1785)
St. 23. Lnk. Stoups an' caups ofyill, and bowls of milk, Hamilton
Poems (1865) 183. Lth, A canty fireside, and a cap o' gude ale,
Macneill Poel. IVks. (,1856) 220. Edb. And timber caups, — and
ivory egg-cups of every pattern, MpiR Mansie IV'aiich 11828) iii.
B^wk. Holding up her ' sark-tail,' . . . till the lads toomed the caup
into it, Henderson Fo/>. /C/yxifs (1856)81. N.I.' Aat. Bally-
meiia Obs. (i892\
Hence (i) Capper, sb. a turner of wooden bowls ; (2)
Cappie, adj. cup-shaped, hollow ; (3) Cappit, ppl. adj.
cup-shaped, concave.
(i) Bnff. (W.C.) Lth. His quarters adjoined BenjieCranstoun's
cooperage, or, to use the Scotch expression, * marched ' wi' the
capper's, Strathesk More Bits ;ed. 1885) 56. N.I.' (2) Sc.
Roun, roun, rosy, cappie, cappie shell. Old Rhyme (Jam. Stippl.'^.
(3I Ayr. Gie me a wee cappit bake and jeelic to keep ma frae
greetin'. Service Dr. Diigiiid (188-;) 16.
2. Coiiip. (i) Capale, a kind of beer between table-beer
and ale, formerly drunk by the middle classes ; also
called Cappie (q.v.) ; (2) -ambry, a press or cupboard for
holding wooden vessels or cups; (3) -full, the tourth part
of a peck ; (4) -stride, to drink in place of another, to
forestall another in drinking.
(i) Sc. (Jam.) Elg. Macgruther under the inlluence of Mrs.
Macintosh's cap-ale, Couper Totirifiialioiis ( 1803) II. 1 14. (a) Sc.
They brake down beds, boards, cap-ambries, glass windows,
Spalding Hist. Sc. (1792) I. 157 (Jam. . 1^3) Cld. Acapfu' o' meal,
VOL. I.
salt, &c. (Jam.) (4) Rxb. Better be cuckold than capstridden,
Prov. (Jam.)
3. In phr. (i) to kiss caps, to drink out of the same vessel,
to drink with ; (2) lo drink cap out, to leave nothing in the
vessel; (3) (■/('rt;/-fo/>-o(//, deep drinking.
(I ) Sc. I wadna kiss caps wi' sic a fellow ( Jam.'^. Abd. Wc'sc
kiss the cap, in honour of the place, Siiirrefs /^o<-»"s (1790* 37.
Ayr. And monie a friend that kiss'd his caup Is now a frammit
wight, Burns F/ffGo/iHs (1789) St. 20. (2 Sc. (Jam.); Drink clean
cap-out, like Sir Hildebrand, Scott Rob Roy (1817) 'xxi,x. (3) Sc.
We may swig at cleancapout Till sight aiid siller fail us, PiCKEM
Poems (,1813) I. 92 'Jam.).
[A pron. of older cop, a cup. Can and collep, cop and
quart, Dundau Dance (1507) 95, ed. Small, H. 120. OE.
(Nhb.) copp (Mark ix. 41); cp. ON. koppr, Du. kop
(He-kiiami.]
CAP, sb.^ Cum. [kap.] The master, head, chief.
Also called Cob (q.v.).
Cum. C/. (1851); Grose (1790).
[OFr. cap, head, also, chief, commander (La Curne) ;
cp. It. capo, a head, chief, captain (Florio).]
CAP, i;.' Var. dial, uses in Sc. and Eng. Also written
kap Wm. ; cop Lan.'
1. To put a covering over a sheaf of corn.
Hrt. Ellis Mod. Hiisb. (1750) V. i.
Hence (i) Capping, vbl. sb. a cover for a shock of corn
formed by two sheaves, opened and placed over the ears
of grain ; (2) Capping-sheaves, sb. the hood-sheaves of
a stook.
(i) Suf. They use no precaution against rain, merely setting ten
or a dozen together without capping, Marshall Revitw f 1811 HI.
437. (2) n.Lin.' Ten sheaves make a stook of corn; when it is
probable that rain will fall, two of these sheaves are taken and
put at right angles upon the top, so as to make a hood for the
others.
2. To crown a wall with mortar. Nhp.'
3. To mend shoes at the toe by putting a ' cap ' or patch
on them. ne.Lan.', Chs." Cf. cappel.
4. To put a 'cap ' or shackle on a rope.
Nhb.i Nhb., Dur. Greenwell Coal Tr. Gl. (1849).
5. To put better-dressed grain at the top of a sack.
Cum.' Wm. Where corn is sold by a sample sack, it is a trick
of the trade to put a quantity of grain into a cushion and by sitting
upon it give it a brighter appearance than it otherwise would
have. The grain so prepared is placed on the top of that in the
sample sack, which is spoken of as a ' capt un ' .B.K.).
e. Of boiling liquid: to raise a scum.
s.Chs.' Bin dhii tai'tuz beyld ? — Noa*, bii dhi) bin ky'aap'in,
ky'aapt [Bin the tatoes beiled? — No, bu' they bincappin' or 'cipt'].
7. To put a finishing touch on, to crown, consummate.
n.Yks.^ Now you have capp'd it [concluded the matter]. It
fair capp'd me [the medicine quite cured me]. ne.Yks.' Ah
muck'd it weel t'last backend, an' that capp'd it. That last bottle
capp'd ma [spoken to a doctor]. m-Vks.' w.Yks. ^; w.Yks.^
Sho's capp'd wi' a husband. Lan.'
Hence Capping-word, sb. the last word in an altercation.
n.Yks.^ Also called Couping-word (q.v.).
8. To challenge to competition, to overcome.
e.An.' An idle boy leaps a ditch, or climbs a tree, and if his play-
fellow cannot equal or out-do him, it is a cap ; he has cap'd him ;
e.An.=, Nrf.'. Suf. (F.H.)
Hence Cap, sb. a challenge, defiance, that which
cannot be outdone, esp. in phr. lo set a cap.
n.Yks.', e.An.' Suf. (F.H,' ; Suf.' I'll set ycow a cap.
9. To outdo, excel, surpass. In gen. colloq. use.
Per. * That caps a',' says I, when I heard of it, Cleland
Tiichbrackeii (1883) 112, cd. 1887. Lth. (Jam.\ N.Cy.' Nhb. Tom
Johnson caps aw that ivver aw saw, Bagnall Siigs. (c. 1850) 16 ;
Nhb.', Dur.' Lakel. Ellwood (1895). Cum. He capp'd the
priest, maister, exciseman and aw, Anderson Ballads (1808) 135;
Gl. (1851). Cum , Wm. A child hadbcen baptized by the same name
as another which h.Td died of the same parents ; it was remarked
as savouring of impiety — 'just as if they wanted to cap God
Almighty' jM.P.). Wm. Nature's bonny queen Clean caps man's
artand painter's skill, WiinEiiEAD The Lyi'emiel {\8^g) 6. n.Yks.'
That caps owght that ivver Ah beared; n.Yks. 3. 1 e.Yks.' e.Yks.'
He capp'd all at com at feeat ball. w.Yks. flat kaps tlot on .im
(J.W.). Lan. Is not hoo a snicket? — Caps the very owd lad,
3 Ji
CAP
[514]
CAPEL
BniERLEY Marhcks (1867') 26; Lan.i, e Lan.>, Chs.» s.Ch^.l It
did)nu maaturwot laliyz dliai tuvvd, ee'jd ky'aap- urn widh u big ur
[It didiia matter what lies they towd, he'd cap 'em with a bigger].
Der.'' Not. That caps him all to nothing (L.C.M.) ; (W.H.S.) ;
Not.i s.Not. It simply capped all as ivcr I seed fJ.P.K.\ n.Lin.
' This caps all,' thinks Jack, Peacock Tales and Rhymes (1886) 65 :
n.Lin.i sw.Lin. It was left for Thursday night's doings to cap all
the rest (R.E.C.). Lei.', Nhp.i =, War.i^a, ne.'Wor. (J.W.P.),
do. (SS.B.) s.Oxf. Well, if that don't cap all! Rosemary
Cliillerns (1895) 76. Brks.', Hnt. (T.P.F.) Cmb.' Whatever
they may do, they won't cap that. w.Som.' Dhik stoar du kaa-p
aul dhut livur aay yuur-d oa [that story beats all that I ever
heard]. Dev. That caps I hollar, Pulman Sketches (,1842) 82, ed.
1871.
10. To astonish, surprise.
Win. T'foke was o fair kapt ta see t'ald widow trippin oflf,
Taylor Sketches (1882^ 6. n.Yks. (R.H.H.) ; n.Yks.i Weel,
Ah's fairly capped. w.Yks. I'm fair capped at tha (J.W.D.) ; It's
capping what a lot o' things does come into a chap's heead,
Ytsiiiait. Comic Ann. (1881 ) 43. Lan. Aw'm capt 'at folk wantin'
to wed, Harland Lyrics (iSee^i 133 e.Lan.i, m.Lan.' s.Chs.'
Oo wuz au-viz u baadun ut gy'et-in iip ; bCi wen do ley i bed uldh
wai'ks dee', 60 kyaapt mi [hoo was auvays a bad 'un at gettin'
up; bu' when hoo ley i' bed o' th' wakes dee, hoo capt me].
nw.Der.l, Not.^
Hence Capter, compar. of ' capt,' pp. of ' cap,' more and
more surprised, astonished.
Wm. An' meear she wondered, an' captor she grew. Spec, Dial.
(1880) pt. ii. 43 ; A's mair an mair capter, Wilson Lite BifSng. 98.
11. To puzzle, perplex.
Cum. Tommy was fairly capp't hoo ta duah, Farrall Betty Wilson
(1886) 51. Wm. What caps me t'meeast is it ther olas sa riddyta
dew it. Spec. Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 31. n.Yks.^ I was sair capp'd te
tell. e.Yks.' It caps me ti knaw wheear awd mear [mare] gans
teea. w.Yks. (P.M. L.); Hutton To!/)- /o Caira(i78i) ; w.Yks.' It
caps yan now a days, Bridget, to ken quality fray poor foak, ii. 296 ;
w.Yks.''^ Lan. What caps me is how you managed to best Black
Jack, Westall Birch Dene (1889) II. 35. n.Lan. A's fear kapt wi
John, a don't na wat hi mins (.W.S.). Chs.', Der.^, nw.Der.'
Lin. Thompson Hist. Boston (1856) 701. Hrf. Bound Prov.
(1876I. Glo. Bavlis Ilhis. Dial. (1870).
12. In phr. (i) /o cap Ba/giiy, see — cuthigs; (2) — Bogie,
to enjoy oneself boisterously ; (3) — af////^s, said of any-
thing asp. puzzling, amusing, &c. ; (4) — ilie Dutch, to
beat, excel everything; (5) — Lcatherslarn, (6) — old
Roper, (7) — a parson, see — ciitliigs ; (8) — rush-carting,
(9) — the stack, see — the Dutch.
(i) w.Yks. '^ (2) ib. Nlip.^ He caps Bogie, Bogie capt Redcap,
Redcap capt Nick [Bogie being a mischievous household spirit],
'38. (3) Cnm.' Wm. Captain Barnell in his cups muttered, it
capped cut-lugs. Whitehead Leg. (1859) 40, ed. 1862. s.Dur.,
n.Yks. (J.E.D.) (4) Lan. It caps the Dutch that I can't find a bit
o' can'le, Eavesdropper Vill. Life (1869) 19. (5^ e.Yks. Whah,
that caps Leatherstarn, and he capt the divel, Nicholson Fit Sp.
(1889) ; e.Yks.i (6) Brks. (M.J.B.) (7) n.Yks. A parson is
supposed to know more than ordinary people, so we say, when
we cannot fully comprehend anything, ' it would fairly cap a
pahson' (W.H.). w.Yks.^ (8) Lan. Well, if that doesno cap
rush-cartin ! Brierley Cobbler, 24. (9) Nhb.'
13. intr. To take off the hat to, uncover the head in
obeisance.
Sc. The Bishops will go through Westminster Hall, as they say,
and no man cap to them, Bailie Lett. (1775) I. 228 (Jam.). Oxf.
He only set my capping him down to the wonderful good manners
of the college, Hughes 7'. Brozvn 0.\f. (1860 xix. Cmb. Other
bores are to attend a sermon at St. Mary's on Sunday, ... to cap a
fellow, Gracilis ad Cantab. (1803) 23 (Farmer). Winch. Magistris
ac obviis honestioribus capita aperiunto, Tabula legniii (A.D.H.).
Hence Cap, sb. the lifting of a cap in salutation.
Lnk. They had so many salutations and caps, that it galled those
of the other side, Wodrow Church Hist. (ed. 1828) I. 402.
CAP, V.' Obs. .' Sc. To seize by violence what is
not one's own ; to seize vessels in a privateering way.
Sc. Much used among children at play (Jam.). Lnk. In
Scotland some private persons made themselves rich by caping or
privateering upon the Dutch, Wodrow Church Hist. (ed. 1828)
I. 420.
Hence Caper, sb. a vessel employed as a privateer.
Sc Ran from her like a Spanish merchantman from a Dutch
caper, Scott Pirate (1821') xxvi ; Capers bringing in their prizes.
Commons cursing new excises, Colvil Poem yitSi) 34 (Jam.).
[A caper (privateer), pirata. Coles (1679). Cp. EFris.
kapen, to take, steal, rob ; kaper, a pirate, privateer (Kool-
man). OFr. caper, ' prendre, saisir ' (La Curne).]
CAP, v.^ Sc. Also written caup. [kap, kop.] To
bulge, twist, warp.
w.Sc. Capt, caupt (Jam. Snppl,),
Hence (i) Cappie, adj. given to warping like green
wood ; (2) Cappit, ppl. adj. twisted, bent, as green wood
by exposure to heat.
(i) Ayr. That timmer's unco cappie (Jam. Suppl.). (2) Ayr.
(Jam.)
CAP, v.* Not.^ [Not known to our correspondents.]
To play truant.
CAP, see Kep.
CAPADOSHA, adj. and adv. Yks. Dev. In form capa-
docioiis Dev. [ka'padoja.]
1. adj. Of superior quality or appearance ; splendid,
excellent.
Dev.^ I tellee I've a-had a capadocious dinner. nw.Dev. In
fairly common use (R.P.C).
2. adv. In a superior manner, excellently.
e.Yks. Machine lewks capadosha ; an sha gans capadosha,
Nicholson Flk-Sp. (1889; 89 ; e.Yks.' MS. add. (T.H.)
CAPASS, V. Yks. [ke-p3s.] To understand.
e.Yks.' Thou's bad ti capass. w.Yks. Rare (,M.F.).
[A pron. of lit. E. compass, to grasp with the mind,
comprehend fully. The knowledge of what is good and
what is evil ... is a thing too large to be compassed . . .
without brains and study, South (Johnson).]
CAP-DRA'W, V. s.Pem. To overthrow, capsize, turn
somersault. Also called up-draw (q.v.). (W.M.M.)
CAPE, sb.'- Wm. Yks. [kep, Wm. kisp.]
1. Obsol. The old-fashioned juvenile collar with a 'tally-
ironed ' border, covering the shoulders entire.
w.Yks.^ The counterpart in female attire, the ' tippet,' in every
respect like the cape, save in its being longer, reaching down to
the waist, is worn yet occasionally. Both these names are in
common use, but the old meaning is departing from them.
2. The wide collar of a woman's linen blouse ; the frill
of a woman's linen hood, which covers the neck and pro-
tects it from the sun. Wm. (B.K.)
CAPE, sb.^ and v. Sc. Cum. Yks. Lin. Ajso Som.
Written caip Sc. (Jam.) Also in form cap-, [kep.]
1. sb. The coping of a wall; the highest part of anything.
See Cope.
Sc. High stood the gibbet's dismal cape, Wilson Tlie Shark, st.
10 (Jam. Suppl.). w.Yks.', n.Lin.'
2. Coiiip. (I) Cape-sod, the turf or sod used in forming
the bank of a fence; (2) -stone, (a) the head or coping
stone ; ib) fig. a remediless calamity ; (3) -turf, see -sod.
(i) n.Yks. The sod is laid, with grass side downwards, and is
cut about ten inches broad ; this is called the cape-sod, Tuke
Agiic. (1800) 92. (2, n) Sc. The stane whilk the biggers rejeckit
is become the capstane o' the neuk, Henderson St. Matt. (1862)
xxi. 42. Rnf. Thou foe to order, peace, an' quiet, Thou cap-stane
o' domestic riot. Young Pidures (1865) 158. Cum. Dogs At
owr the leave laid th' capsteane, Stagg Misc. Poems (1805) 132.
n.Yks.' w.Yks. He sat dahn on a capestoan, yks%%m. Xmas No.
(1878J 10 : (B.K.) (6) Ayr. The last, sad cape-stane of his woes.
Burns Mailie's Elegy (1781) st. i. (3) Lin. The sods were laid
on in layers about 4 ft. high (J.C.W.).
3. V. To put on the cover of a wall or roof; to crown.
Sc. (Jam.) Yks. Thouesby ic//. (1703). w.Yks.'>
Hence (i) Caping, vbl. sb., (2) Caping-stones, sb. pi.
the coping or top course of stones in a wall, &c.
(I") n.Yks.' w.Som.' The surveyor reported to the board that
the [kaap een] of the bridge at Ash Mill needs repair. (2) n.Yks.',
n.Lin.' w.Som.' Kaap'een stoa-unz.
CAPEL, si.' Yks. Not. e.An. Dor. Som. Dev. Written
cappel e.An.' ; cappie w.Yks.^ ; in form cable, keeble
nw.Dev.' [ka'pl, kcepl.]
1. A loop, either of leather or tough wood, which con-
nects the two parts of a flail. Cf. caplin.
w.Yks.3, s.Not. (J.P.K.), e.An.' Dor. (s.v. Drashel) Barnes
CI. (1863). w.Som.' To the [kyup-1, kce'upl] is attached the middle
CAPEL
[515]
CAPES
bind, wliich connects the two parts of llie implement. Dev.",
nw Dev.^
2. The iron fixed to tlic end of tlie horsctree, and to
whicli the traces are hooked when at plough or harrow.
e.An.'
[Fr. dial. (Norm.) caf>el, the same word as cliapeaii,
a hat (CoTCR.). Dim.of Norm, ca/c, 'bande, cuircouvraiit
sans adherence I'extremite supcrieure du manche du
fleau ' (Moisy). See Dumeril (s.v. Chape).]
CAPEL, sb.^ Dev. Cor. Also in form cable Dev.
[kepi.] Mining term : a stone composed of quartz,
schorl, and hornblende, more frequently accompanying
tin than copper ores ( Weale).
Dev. Human folly is the cable that encloses the ore, Baring-
Gould J. Heiiiiig (1884) 8r ; Moore //is/. Dev. ( 1829) I. 192. Cor.
Hard owld capel tes, and three fingers more to bore, Tregellas
TaUs (1865') 164 ; Cor.' 'Capcl rides a good horse' indicates the
presence of tin; Cor.'^' [Woodward Geol. of Eng. and Wales
(.18761 382.]
[Prob. a spec, use of capel, a hat, covering, see Capel,
so}]
CAPELING, 56. Cor.^ Also in form caping. [ke-plin.]
The outer nets of a trammel. Cf. capis.
CAPER, 56.' and v. Sc. Irel. Cum. Yks. Lon. Wil.
Dev. Cor. Slang. Written kaper Dev. ; keaper Wil.
[ke par, kep3(r).]
1. sb. A game, amusement, spree ; a trick, expedient.
Cum. He wad hev his caper, nor car'd how it com, Anderson
Poems I iSoS) 31. w.Yks.Tha'sbeenat that caper oft enuff, Hartley
Seets Yks. and Lait. (1895) i. Lon. I used to dress tidy and very
clean for the ' respectable broken-down tradesman or reduced
gentleman' caper, Mayhew Land. Labour (1851'! I. 416. Wil.
Slow Gl. (1892!. Dev. And zo ended thick little kaper, Bennett
Stable Bov (iWS) viii.
2. Difficulty, ' fix.'
Cor. Ere's a purty caper, us do want to go to Bodmen Church-
town, partec'lar, and the coach cs gawn, Pasmore Stories (1893)
3 ; Well, 'ere was a purty caper ! I didn't knaw what to doo,
ib. 5.
3. In phr. (i) capers and blethers, foolish speech and
action, 'stuft" and nonsense'; (2) to coiste a caper, play
a trick.
(i) UIs. Will ye whisht wi' yer capers an' blethers, Uls. Jm.
Arili. (1858) VI. 45. (2) w.Yks. An wod ya think at mortal man
Wod e'er cum sitch a caper, Preston Poems ■ 1864) 15.
4. J'. To frisk, dance, walk affectedlj', move the head up
and down with a stately air ; to ' dance upon nothing,' be
hanged.
Sc. Syne capered ben and capered but, Ballads (1885^, 9.
Inv. (H.E.F.), Dmf. (Jam.') Kcb. An' some wi' hoshens caprin
Right heigh that day, Davtdson Seasons (1789") 118. Cum. He
capert in an oot an chattert like a teamm pyet, Dickinson Lauifi-
liigh (1856) 5. Slang. I really tliort that I shud caper. When
brought bevorc the jidge, Peter Pindar IVks. (1816) IV. 208.
CAPER, sb.^ Sc. Irel. Also written capper, kaper.
[ke'psr.] A piece of oatcake and butter, ^e«. with a slice
of cheese on it.
Sc. King, King Capper Fill my happer; And I'll gie you bread
and cheese. Chambers Pop. Rliymes (1870) 146. Per. She . . .
gave him bread, butter, and cheese, which they call a caper, Trials
Sons 0/ Hob Roy (1818) 107 (Jam.) ; I gave you a kaper, and a
crogan of milk, Clan-Albin (1815) I. an {ib.). s.Don. Simmons Gl.
(1890).
Hence Caperer, 56. bread, butter, and cheese toasted
together. Rxb. (Jam.)
[Gael, ceapaire, bread with butter and cheese (Macleod
& Dewar).]
CAPER, sb.^ Yks. War. e.An. I.W. The plant Eu-
phorbia Lathyris, gen. used in contp. Caper-bush (I.W.),
•plant (e.Yks. e.An.).
War.^ Fruit is pickled as capers, and is sometimes cultivated
in gardens for the purpose. e.An.' Thus called from a fancied
resemblance of its capsules to capers. Nrf., Suf. Hollowav.
CAPER, sA.* Cum. Yks. [kepar.J In phr. (i) C^/ic;--
a-fram, all on one side, askew ; (2) -corner-way,
diagonally. Cf. cater-cousins, eater-cornered.
(i) w.Yks. Leeds Merc. Siippl. (Feb. 20, 1892) ; w.Yks.3 (2)
Cum.'
CAPERCAILYE, ib. Sc. Also written caipercaillie
Sc. ; capercailzie, capercalyeane Sc. (Jam.); caper coille
Inv.; capperkayle Slk. [kapsrke Iji.] The wood-
grouse or mountain cock, Tetrao ttrogallus.
Sc. Red-deer, fallow deer, cappercailzies, grey-fowl, Scott Mid-
lothian (1818) xii ; The caiper-callic and tarmachin Craw'd crouse
on hill and muir, Jamieson Pop. Ballads ( i8o6j I. 197. Inv. The
caper coille, or wild turkey, was seen in Glenmoriston, and in the
neighbouring district of Strathglass, about 40 years ago. Statist.
Ace. (1797) XX. 307 (Jam.). Ayr. The days when the capercailzie
hadhishowir in Eglinton, Service Dr. Diigiiid (leS^) 257. Slk.
The capperkayle clukkis in the wodc, Hogg Tales (1838) 119,
ed. 1866. [Also called Cock of the wood, Cock of the mountain,
SwAiNSON /?Ws(i885) 176.]
[The Capercalje . . . with the vul^ur peple, the horse
of the forrest, Dalrymple Leslie's Hist. Scot. (1596) I. 39.
Gael, capiill coille, great cock ot the wood. Capitll, horse,
coille, gen. of coll, wood.]
CAPERCAILYIE, -CALYEANE, COILLE, see
Capercailye.
CAPERHOUSE, see Caprouse.
CAPERLASH, see Camperlash.
CAPERLINTY, sb. Sc. The whitethroat, Sylvia
cincrea.
Rxb. SwAiNSON Birds (1885) 23.
CAPER-LONGER, 56. Cor.'^ L The shell-fish, P<;/«a
ingens. 2. The razor shell-fish, Solcn soliq;nia.
CAPERNOITED, «r/y. Sc. n.Cy. Also written eaper-
noytit Sc. ; kapper-noited S. & Ork.' ; capemuted Sc.
(Jam. Siippl.) ; see below, [kaparnoi'tid.]
1. Peevish, ill-natured, 'crabbed,' irritable, fractious.
Sc. Alan has given up his ain old-fashioned mother-wit for
the t'olhers capernoited maggots and nonsense, Scorr Redg,
(1824) ii ; The capernoity old alewife, ib. St. Ronan{i82^) xxxi.
S. & Ork.' Abd. They're grown sae ugertfu' and vamity and caper-
noited, Ross Ilclenore (1768) 5, ed. 1812. Frf. A queer auld
capernoytit bodie. Watt Poet. Sketches (1880) 56. Rnf. Like aiie
grown capernoitet, Picken Poems (1788) To a Friend. Ayr. Twa
puir capernoytit craturs. Service A'o.'nWid^i (1890) 26. Kcb. The
Muse at that grew capernoited, An' ca'ed me bumble, Davidson
Seasons (1789) 181. n.Cy. Border Gl. {Coll. L.L.B.)
Hence Capernoited-looking.niT)'. testy-, peevish-looking.
Dmb. A capernoitcd-lookin' auld gentleman. Cross Disriiftion
(ed. 1877! X.
2. Slightly 'elevated,' under the influence of liquor.
Rnf. Of the stark aquavitac they baith lo'ed a drappie, And when
bailh capernutie, then aye the maist happj-, Webster Rhymes
C'835) 62.
CAPERNOITIE, sb. Sc. The head, ' noddle.'
Sc. His capernoitie's no oure the bizzin' yet wi' the sight of
the Loch fairies, St. Patrick (1819) III. 42 (Jam.).
CAPEROILES, sb. pi. Obs. Sc. The heath pea,
Orohiis tubcrostis.
Lnk. Caramcile or caperoiles — the root so much used in diet by
the ancient Caledonians, Statist. Ace. (1795) XV. 8 (Jam.).
CAPERONISH, adj. Lnk., Edb. (Jam.) [Not known
to our correspondents.] Good, excellent, gen. applied to
edibles.
CAPES, sb. pi. Sc. Nhb. Cum. Yks. Lin. Also in
form kyeps Nhb.' ; caps Cum. [keps.]
1. Ears of corn broken ofl" in threshing; grain to which
the husk continues to adhere after threshing.
Frf. The riddlings consist of capes, large grains, sprouted grains,
&e., Stephens Farm Bk. i^ed. 1849) I. 418. Lth. Then Goodie wi'
her tentie paw Did capes an' seeds the gcther ca' ; A pockfu' neist
was fatten'd weel Half seeds, an' capes, the other meal, Morison
Poems (1790) no (Jam.). N.Cy.', Nhb.' Cum. Morton Cyclo.
Agric. (1863) ; (J.P.) ; Cum.' e.Yks. The chad, capes, and heads
gather togeather on the toppe. Best Rio: Ecoh. (1642) 103 ; Mar-
shall Rtir. Econ. (17881. n.Lin.'
Hence Keeapy, adj. having capes or chaffy corn in it.
n.Yks. This corn is varry keeapy, winder [winnow] it agccan
(I.W.).
2. Flakes of meal, which come from the mill, when the
grain has not been properly dried.
n.Sc. They are gen. mixed with the seeds for the purpose of
I making ' sovvcns ' or flummery (Jam.).
3x2
CAPEY-DYKEY
[516]
CAPPER
CAPEY-DYKEY, sb. Frf. [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] A game of marbles. Cf. capie-hole.
Frf. Some boj-s playing at capey-dykey, a game with marbles
that is only known in Thrums, Barrie Tommy {,1896) 143.
CAPIC AL, adj. Som. Dev. Cor. Also in forms cabical,
cabbical Dev. Dial. pron. oi capital, first-rate, excellent.
w.Som.' Dhaat-s kaapikul ! I calls it a capical job, Maister!
Dev. I'ze a cabical chap, Nathan Hogg Poet. Lett. (1847) 8, ed.
1858 ; Us got a cabbical crap ov tatties thease j-er ! Hzwett Peas.
5/>. (1892! 65 ; Thcck stream . . . Ez cappical ver breedin' trout,
PuLMAN Poems (1842) II. Cor. First-rate, I zes, capicul, Pasmore
Stories, 4.
CAPIE-HOLE, sb. Sc. Also in form kypie-. A game
of marbles, in which the object is to throw a marble into
a hole. Cf. capey-dykey.
Sc. A hole is made in the ground, and a certain line drawn,
called a strand, behind which the players must take their stations.
The object is, at this distance, to throw the bowl into the hole.
He who does this most freq. wins the game. It is now more^cH.
called ' the Hole,' but the old designation is not yet quite extinct
(Jam.). Bnff. Still played under the name cf kypie-hole. A paper
cap is placed over the hole (W.C. ). Abd. The bool game of ' kypie '
is plaj-ed from a 'stance' about 12 feet from the kype or hole.
The first player tries to hit one of his neighbours' bools, removing
it a foot from its place. He then proceeds to hit any other, each
hit being carefully noted, or he may play into the kype and hit
them over again : if he miss the kype, two begins to play, hitting
as many as he can. The boy whose marble gels hit six times
leaves the game (G.W.). Ags. Three holes are made at equal
distances. He who can first strike his bowl into each of these
holes, thrice in succession, wins the game. It is called 'capie-
hole,' or by abbreviation ' capie ' (Jam.).
[I was but a sorry proficient in learning, being readier at
cat and doug, cappy-hole . . . than at my book, Life Scotch
Rogue (1722) 7, in Brand Pop. Ant. (ed. 1849) II. 407.]
CAPILOW(E, V. Obs.'i Sc. Also written cappilow
(Jam.). Todistance,outdo another in reaping, shearing,&c.
Rxb. One who gets a considerable way before his companions on
a ridge is said to capilow them (Jam.) ; Let's try to keep in sight
the fray. Or faith they'll capilowe us, A. Scott Poems (1808) loi.
CAPING, see Capeling.
CAPIS, sb. pi. Cor. Very large meshes in a trammel-
net. Cf. capeling.
w.Cor. BoTTRELL Tjod. 3rd S. Gl.
CAP-IT, see Cappy, sb.^
CAPITABLE, ffn>'. War. Capital.
War. HoLLOwAY ; War.^ I have madeacapitable jobof it. Still
used by some of the older farmers.
[A contam. of capital with suff. -able, as in respectable.']
CAPITAL WELL, adv. plir. Glo. Oxf. Dev. Also in
forms cabical — , capical — Dev. Exceedingly well,
very well indeed.
Glo.i Oxf.' Kyapitl wel. Dev. Thay plaid auf thare acting
moast cabical wui, Nathan Hogg Poet. Lett, (1847) 32, ed. 1858;
Ev a gone droo tha may-zells most capical wul, Hare Britherjan
(1863) 27, ed. 1887.
CAPLE, sb. Obs. Sc. Lan. Chs. Written capul,
capyl Sc. (Jam.) Also in form capo Lan. Chs.'^^ A
horse; a working horse.
Sc. And hark! what capul nicker'd proud? Jamieson Pop.
Ballads (1806) I. 233. Lan. I am turned into a horse, a capo, a
mcer titt, Shadwcll IVitcttes (16821 66, ed. 1718. Chs. It's time
to yoke when the cart comes to the caples, Kay Piov. (1678) 57 ;
(K.) ; Chs.'2; Chs.^ The capic gate (for horses) and the ship or
shep gate ifor sheep), were two portals that anciently flanked the
Bridge Gate at Chester. [Ftlt-Lorc Rec. (1880) VIII, pt. i. 66.]
[Bothe hey and cart, and eek hise caples three, Chaucer
C T. D. 1554; Conscience on his capul, P. Plowman (a.)
IV. 22. Gael, capull, mare (Macleod & Dewar) ; Icel.
kapall, nag, hack (EciLssox).]
CAPLIN, sb. Chs. Won Shr. Mtg. II rf Glo. Written
capling Chs.' Hrf'; cappilin s.Chs.' [kae'plin.] The
strong leather loop which connects the 'nile' to the
hand-stick of a flail. See Capel, sb}
Chs.' s.Chs.' Ky'aap'ilin. se.Wor.* The bow by which, by
means of a thong (thunk), the nile is attached to the hand-stick of
a flail, or threshcl. s.Wor.', Mtg. (,E.R.M.) Shr.' Oiso/. ; Slir.=,
Hrf.', Glo.l
[The cap-lings ... of a flail or threshal . . . are the
strong double leathers made fast to the top of the hand-
staff and the top of the swiple, Holme Armoury (i688j
bk. III. viii. 333]
CAPON, sb.^ Wm. [ke'pin.] A silly, foolish person,
given to playing silly tricks.
Wm. T'gurt silly capin set t'dog at t'3'owes 'at's wi' lamb (B.K.).
[The capon, like the goose, was taken for an emblem
of stupidity. Metellus was so shuttle brained, . . . and
came flynging home to Rome again as wyse as a capon,
Udal Erasmus Apophth. (1542), ed. 1877, 341 (Dav.).I
CAPON, sb?- Sc. Ken. Hmp. In form keeping Hmp.
1. The long-tailed titmouse, Acrcdnla rosea.
Hmp. Grose (1790) MS. add. ; (H.W.E.)
2. A red herring, Cliipea Harciigits.
Ken. (Hall.) ; Ken.' [Satchell (1879).]
3. A dried haddock.
Sc. Each to his jaws A good Grail's capon holds, Tennant Aiist.
Fair (1812^ iv.
CAPOTE, sb. Wxf 1 A man's great coat.
[Fr. capote, ' longue rediugote pour les hommes et
particulieremenl pour les soldats' (Hatzfeld).]
CAPPAN.CARL, sb. Obs. Yks. Also written -cawl.
The name given to a small room in the Tolbooth or
session-house at Thirsk where prisoners are kept. (K.)
CAPPED,//. Hrt. e.An. [kaept] Of land : beaten
down hard by heavy rain. Cf. capper, sb} II.
Hrt. When heavy rains succeed the sowing of clover in fine
mould the surface is apt to become what we call capped, or made
to run and wash one part over the other, Ellis Mod. Husb. (1750)
III. i. e.An.'
CAPPEL, sb. and v. Yks. Lan. Chs. Der. Written
capil Chs.'; cappil w.Yks.^ s.Chs.' ; capple w.Yks.^*
ne.Lan.' Der.' [kapl, ka'pil.]
1. sb. A leather patch upon the toe of a boot or clog.
Yks. To sow a capil on t'side, Pltilip Nivillc, viii. w.Yks. Obsot.,
Leeds Merc. Siippl. (Jan. 3, 1891) ; w.Yks.^^^ Lan.' That shoe's
noan done yet ; thae mun get a cappel put on it. e.Lan.', m.Lan.*
Chs. 5/(m/ (,18841 III. 195 ; Chs.', s.Chs.', Der.'
2. V. To mend or patch shoes or clogs.
w.Yks. Ned al want a pair a new ans [shoes] an Tom's wants
cappilin, B\'V1Ater Sl:c^c/d Dial. (1839)172; w.Yks.l-"; w.Yks.^
Bowt a pair 0' second-hand boits fur six shillin', an' nowt aals 'em
bud ther cappil'd at t'heels a bit. ne. Lan.', Chs.' 2 Der.' Shoes
are cappled when a piece of leather is stitched on upon the toe.
Hence C&ppe\ed, ppl. adj. patched, mended.
w.Yks. No sock nur stockin cud ya fynd Below his cappiled
boit, Preston Poems (1864) 15 ; Th' same owd booits, wi cappel'd
tooas. Hartley Dilt. (1868) 42.
[The same word as capel, sb.']
CAPPEL, adj. Obsol. Dor. Also written capple.
[ktc'pl.] In comb, (i) Capple- or Cappled-cow, a ' cappel-
faced ' cow; (2) -faced, white-faced with red or dun
speckles ; also, by analogj', used of persons, pale or
sickly-looking.
Dor. (i) Barnes Gl. (1863). (2) As mad as a cappel-faced bull.
Hardy Gieemvd. Tree (1872) pt. 11. viii ; She's getting cappel-
faced, poor thing! (T. H.)
CAPPEL, sec Capel, sb}
CAPPEN, see Captain.
CAPPER, sb} Nhb. Dun Cum. Wm. Yks. Lan. Not.
Lin. Glo. e.An. [ka-par, kapa(r), kaep3(r).]
I. 1. A person or thing that ' caps ' or excels all others.
N.Cy.', Nhb.' Dur. Gibson f//>-frmM/(T/c G/. (1870^ Cum. Then
at dancin, O he wasa capper! Anderson i>(7//nrf5 (1808) 47. Wm.
By my troth, it's a capper, Bowness Studies ( i868) 6. n.Yks.' ;
n.Yks. 2 Now this is a capper. ne.Yks.' Noo, sitha ; them's cappers.
e.Yks.' MS. add. (T.H.) m.Yks.' That's the capper of the lot,
however. w.Yks. • ; w.Yks. ^ lies tuh seen fnew machine, Bil ?
What's tuh think tul't? — It's a capper ! n.Lin.i
2. A finishing stroke, something that crowns all.
m.Yks.' w.Yks.5 Tom didn't see thuh Ihear, . . . an' I didn't
see thuh thcar, . . . an' thah worrant thear at awal. — Well nah,
that's a capper.
3. Anything very surprising, puzzling, that cannot be
explained.
Cum. Hoo he's gitten up j-onder's a capper, Richardson Tall:
(■871; 35, ed. 1876. Wm. Nea yan knas what it means, it's a
CAPPER
[517]
CAR
capper, Wheeler Dial. (1790) 8, cd. 1821. e.Yks.* It's a capper
wheear mah knife's gone tecah. m.Yks.^ w.Yks. It's a capper
'at ye can find no answer tuv a simple question like that, Ykujiit.
(1881) 314; (S.K.C); w.Yks.35 Lan. Well, that's a capper
shusheaw 'tis. It's tli' fust time iit ever [aw] seed an umbrcll'
skinned, Wood Hum. Sketches, 19. e.Lan.' s.Not. Oad John
thinkin o' marryin again ? Well, that's a capper .J.P.K.V n.Lin.*
swXin. Prisoner replied * I'hat's a capper! ' He did the work and
now she refused to pay him, and that he considered was a capper
(R.E.CO. GIo. (S.S B.)
4. Anything difficult to accomplish, geit. in phr. to set a
capper.
tum.i Aa'I set thee thy cappers. 'Wm. A thowt mappen tliae
wer scttan yan anudlhre cappers. Spec. Dial. (1885) pt. iii. 2.
n.Wm. Ah'll set thi thi cappers wi jumpin owre t'beck if thoos
a mind (B.K.). e.Yks.' Lan.' That's a capper for him, an' no
mistake. n.Lan.' e.An.' Setting ' cappers,' a schoolboy's game
of following the leader over hedge or ditch.
II. A hardish crust formed on recently harrowed land
by heavy rain. Cf. capped.
Nrf.i Suf. FoRBY Gl. ; Suf.l
Hence Cappered, />//. adj. (1) Of cream : coagulated by
the heat or by exposure to a brisk current of air ; (2) of
the surface of land : suddenly dried after rain.
(i) e.Au.i, Nrf.i Suf. Rainbird .-igric. (1819) 290, ed. 1849;
Suf.l (2ie.An.i
CAPPER, sA.2 Glo. [kae-p3(r).] The head.
Glo.' I'll gie thee a clout on thee capper.
[Prob. cogn. w. OFr. cap, head, see Cap, sb.^]
CAPPER, sb.^ Rnf. (Jam.) [Not known to our corre-
spondents.] A spider.
[Cogn. w. ME. coppe, a spider (Wars Alex. (c. 1450)
3300!, OE. coppa (in altor-coppn).']
CAPPER, I'.' e.Cy. [Not known to our correspondents.]
To chap or chop the hands. Cf capper, s4.' II. e.C}'.
(Hall.), Nrf'
CAPPER, v.'^ Ags. (Jam.) To catch, seize, lay hold
of; esp. applied to the capture of a ship. See Cap, v.'^
CAPPER CLAW, see Clapperclaw.
CAPPERKAYLE, see Capercailye.
CAPPERNISHIOUS,rtrf/'. Bnfl.i [kaparni'Jas.] Short-
tempered, fretful and finding fault continually. Cf.
capernoited.
CAPPEROUSE, see Caprouse.
CAPPIE, si.' Sh.I.
1. A heavy stone used as a sinker to a fishing-line. See
Caapie.
Sh.I. Having remained at the last buoy i-J, they then heave
up the cappic by the buoj'-rope, Agiic. Siirv. (Jam.) S. & Ork.'
2. CoDip. Cappie-stane, a steeth-stone, a stone attached
to the buoy-ropes for sinking the long lines in fishing.
S. & Ork.' Also called Bolta-stone (q.v.).
CAPPIE, sb.'^ Obs. ? Sc. A kind of beer between
table-beer and ale, formerly drunk by the middle classes.
Also called cap-ale (q.v.).
Sc. Ye hae been at the wee cappic this morning, Scott S/. Roitaii
(1824) xiv ; A drap o' cappy, Cha.mp,ers 5»^s. (1829) I. 11; (Ja.m.)
CAPPIN(G, sA. Cum. Der. War. [ka'pin]
1. The leather or wood band through which the middle-
band of a flail passes. Cf capel, si.'
Cum. As threshin' time's here, we fit up a flail wi' IiandstafT,
and soople and cappin, Dickinson Ctimbr. (1876) 253; Cum.',
nw.Der. ', War.^
2. A patch of leather on a clog or shoe. Cum.'
CAPPIT, 5i. Nhb.i w.Yks. (J.R.) [ka-pit] Apiece
of leather or patch on the toe of a boot or shoe. See Cap,
sA.' 4, Cappel.
CAPPIT, adj. Sc. [kapit.] ' Crabbed,' ill-humoured,
quarrelsome, touchy. See Coppet.
Sc. 'i'he haughty Humes, the saucy Scotts,The cappit Kers, the
bauld Rutherfords, Chambers Pop. Rhymes (,1870) 314; Grose
(1790) MS. add. (C.) Abd. Since ye are grown Sae unco' crous
an' cappit, Forbes Aja.-c (1742) g. Rnf. [Tea] aft has gart the
cappit chiel Break through the laws, Picken Poems (1788) 65.
[Vnto that capped clarke . . . That bitterlic doth barke,
MoNTGOMERiE Flyliiis; (ed. 1629) 649, cd, Cranstoun, 81.]
CAPPUN, see' Captain.
CAPPY,5i.' Nhb.War. In form cap-it War.^ [kapi]
A variety of the boys' game of leap-frog or pitchback.
See below.
Nhb.' One stoops or gives ' a back,' on which a cap is laid ; the
players vault over, as in leap frog, each one resting his hands on
the cap as he leaps. The one who first causes the cap to fall
must e.\change pl.-ices with the boy who is ' making a back.'
War.2 The first leaper places a cap on the back of the player
'down,' whilst going over, and the last leaper takes it from the
back (or failing to do so, is ' down '). The first leaper now puts
the cap lightly on the front of his own head, so that it may fall in
so favourable a position — when he pitches — that he may take it in
his teeth, and cast it over his head, across the back of the one
down, to taw. Should it fall between the leaper and the one
down, the former must make the back.
CAPPy, sb.^ Nhb. Yks. [kapi.]
1. Captain, used facetiously in colloq. address.
Nhb.' What cheer, cappy.
2. In phr. Iliou can ffaii h'ss cappy till coaly cuius yam,
a highly offensive and irritating expression. Yks. (T.K.) ;
(H.K.)
CAPROUSE, s6. Cor. Also in form caperhouse Cor.*;
capperouse Cor.' [kaepreus.] A great noise, uproar,
confusion, tumult. See Cabarouse, v.
Cor. 'i'ou mou't hear the caprouse two mile off, 'Q.' Trov Town
( 1888) xi ; And tho't you'd stank the planchin down. With such
a capparouse, Thomas Raiidigal Rhymes 1 1895) 23 ; Cor.' What
a capperouse ; 'tes like Bedlam broke loose. He keck'd up zich a
caprouse ; Cor.^
CAPROUSY, sb. Obs. Sc. A short cloak with hood.
Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.)
[Ane caprowsy barkit all with sweit, Dunbar Flytiitg
(1505) II. 202, ed. Gregor, II. 18.]
CAPS, see Cops.
CAPSIZE, V. Som. [Not known to our correspon-
dents.] To move a hogshead or other vessel forward by
turning it alternately on the heads. (Hall.)
CAPTAIN, sb. Sc. Yks. Lin. Also Dev. Cor. Written
cappen Cor.'^; cappun Cor.'
1. In comb, (i) Captain Cook thnish, the song-thrush,
Ttirdus miisiciis; (2) Captaiit-over-tlie-gardcn, the plant
monkshood, Aconitiim Napclhis.
(i) e.Lin. There were two kinds of thrushes, one we call storm-
throstles, the others Captain Cook thrushes, because Captain
Cook brought them here from foreign parts, N. & Q. (1871) 4th
S. vii. 187. (2) n.Yks.
2. The chief person in a gang of labourers, the superin-
tendent of a mme.
n.Lin.' Dev. ' Thank'y, Cap'n' — he addressed the overseer of
a mine on the moor not far distant, and such a person is always
entitled ' Captain,' Baring-Gould Daiimoor Idylls iiSgb) 153.
Cor. Rewarded for his shrewdness as a practical miner by being
promoted to the rank of ' underground cap'n,' Forfar Pcniowan
(1859) i; Cor.' 2
Hence Cappenin, prp. overbearing, domineering.
Cor. 2 Don't come cnpp'nin over mc.
3. The grey gurnard, Trigla giintardus.
e.Sc. NiiLi. Fishes (1810) 14 (Jam.).
CAPTION, sb. Sc.
1. Arrest, apprehension. See Horning.
Sc. The caption of some of the most violent appeased the riot,
Ne:u Moii/hly Mag. (1837) XLVII. 310.
2. A lucky acquisition, the acquisition of anything
valuable or profitable. Abd. (Jam.)
CAPTIVITY, sb. Sc. [Not known to our correspon-
dents.] Waste, destruction.
Rxb. It's a' gane to captivity (Jam.).
CAR,5i.i Sc. Cum. Wm. War. Som. Dev. [kar,ka(r).]
1. A common cart.
Cum. Neah cars or carridges bed they, Richardson Talk (1876)
57 ; He leiikkt at fadder's ncam on t'car, Willie IVattle (1870) 4.
Wm. A'. & Q. (1873) 4th S. xii. 90.
2. Comb, (i) Car-end-board, the board closing the back
of a cart ; (2) -house, a cart-shed ; (3) -kist, the body of
a cart; (4) -rack, the rut made by the wheel of a cart;
sec Cart-rake ; (5) -saddle, the saddle of a carriage horse;
16) -scut, see -end-board; (7) -stang, llic shaft of a cart.
CAR
[518]
CAR(R
(i) Cum.i 12' Cum. Whea's wife was i' th' carras? Anderson
Ballads (1808V 174 ; A boggle's been seen . . . ayont Wiilly carras,
i4.8; Com.i (3, 4' Cum.i (si Sc. A timmcr long, a broken cradle,
The'pillionofanauld car saddle, Herd S"^5. (1776) II. 143 (Jam.).
Edb. He was carrying a new car-saddle over his shoulder on
a well-cleaned pitchfork, MoiR Mausie JVaiic/i (1828) xiv. (6)
Cum.i (7')Rxb. I.Tam.'I Cum.Your Seymey hes brokken car-stang,
Gilpin Siigs. (i866'i 256; Cum.'
3. A two-wheeled vehicle, carriage.
Ir. We began to make inquiries for a horse and car of any kind
to take us into Fermoy, Crofton Croker Jaunt in a Country Caf'm
Hones Eveiy-day Bk. (,1827; 242. w.Som.iThe seats are sideways,
with a door and steps at the back ; the driver's seat is in the
centre of the front, and is somewhat protected by a projection of
the roof. It holds from four to six persons inside. ' Car' is never
applied in this district to a four-wheeled carriage of any kind.
iS'early obs. Dev. Up ta tha doorway the cars wis a draw'd,
Nathan Hogg Poet. Lett. (1847) 18, ed. 1865.
4. In Birmingham : a four-wheeled hackney carnage.
(JB.P.) .
CAR, sb.^ Irel. A bitter or sorrowful expression ot
the face.
s.Don. Simmons Gl. (1890^.
[Fr. care, the face, visage, countenance, look, aspect
(CoTGR.). Fr. dial. (Bearnais) care, 'visage, figure, face de
I'homme' (Lespy). The s. form of Fr. clicre, the lace
(CoTGR.).]
CAR, adj. Sc. Nlib. Lan. Chs. Also written cair,
ker Sc. ; caa-, caw- Nhb.'; kaa- Lan.; ca- Chs.'; kir
n.Cy. ; andjn forms cahry, carry, caurry Sc. [ker; Lan.
Chs. also ke-,ka-.]
1. Left, left-handed ; sinister, fatal.
Sc. You'll go a car gate yet, Kelly Prov. (1721'! 380 (Jam.).
2. In comb, (i) Car-cleugh, (2) -hand, the left hand ;
(3) -handed, (4) -haun'd, (5) -handen, (6) -paw, (7)
-pawed, left-handed ; (8) -sham-ye, an exclamation iised
in the game of shintie when one of the antagonists strikes
the ball with his left hand.
(i) Sc. Grose (1790) MS. add. (C.) Abd. Can well agree wi'
his cair cleuck, Forbes Aja.x (17421 11. Per. In form cahry
(G.W.). (2) n.Cy. Grose (1790). (,31 N.Cy.i, Nhb.i_ (4-) Ayr. She
tells me to steek the trance door, and sit down, no' to be caurry-
haun't, Service Dr. Dugtiid (1887) 190. Slk. It maun be left fit
foremost— unless he was ker-haun'd, Ciiu. North Nodes (ed.
1856) III. 149. (5 n.Cy. Skirorkir-handen people are not safe for
a traveller to meet on a Tuesday morning, Henderson Flk-Lore
(1879) iv. (6) Chs.i Capaw. (7) e.Sc. Pillan's compliments
is a' car-pawed, Setoun Sunshine (1896) 95. w.Lan. (^H.M.)
(8)Knr. (Jam.)
[1. Upon the ker and wrang side was placed the third
idole, Frigga, Skene fx/os. (1641) 74. 2. (2) He resauit the
vryting in his kar hand, Compl. Scot. (1549) 115; With a
cast of the carhonde, Aiilnrs Arth. (c. 14201 xlviii, ed.
Camden Soc. (1842) 22. Gael, and Ir. cearr, left-handed,
awkward, unlucky.]
CAR, see Caure. Caw.
CAR(R, sb} All n.counties to Chs. Also Der. Not.
Lin. e.An. [ker, kar, ka(r).]
1. A pool, hollow place where water sometimes stands ;
low-lying land apt to be flooded.
n.Cy. (K.) ; Grose (1790"! ; N.Cy.' Nhb.' PresUvick Carr was
formerly half lake and half marsh. Dur. Raine Charters (1837)
98 ; Dur.' Car House, Sclabv Cars, Moiton Cars. Cum.' Brayton
Carr, Kirkland Carr. n.Yks.' Gch. used in/-/. ; n.Yks.' ne.Yks.'
Low marshy land containing remains of old trees ; flat, peaty,
arable land, as distmguished from ' ings,' which are almost always
pasture. e.Yks. Marshall Rur. Econ. (17881; Baines Yhs. Past
(1870) 124; e.Yks.', m.Yks.l w.Yks. While the deep stell for the
drainage of the carrs was being cut, Leeds Mere. Suppl. (Sept. 5,
1896); w.Yks.' 2 n.Lan. There are soft, flat, boggy meadows near
Hawkstcad so called (W.S.). Lan.' Chs.' Gt«. occurring in place-
names. Der.'2 Kyaa'r. OAi. Lin. A very slight acquaintance v;ith
the county introduces us to its Cars. You cannot travel far without
having a Car pointed out, while such names as Cardykc, Carholme,
Humble Car, abound, Streatfeild Lin. and Danes (1888) 164.
n.Lin.' sw.Lin.' Most of our parishes have their Cars, as
Doddington Car, &c. Nrf. Miller & Skertchly Fenland (1878)
iv; Moat-like places which originally surrounded the almost
inaccessible islets with which the Fenland at one time abounded
(W.W.S.).
Hence Car, II. Of water: to stagnate.
w.Yks. Where th' watter carrs 1 C.A.F.).
2. A wood of alder or other trees in a moist, boggy
place ; boggy grass-land. Cf alder-carr.
n.Cy. Grose (1790). Lakel. Ellwdod (1895^ n.Yks. Baker
Stud. Bot. (1863) 50: n.Yks.' w.Yks. Be'y t'carrs an' alang
t'breah top, Lucas 5torf. Nidderdale {c. 1882) 32; w.Yks.' n.Lan.
Also a soft, flat, peaty island bearing alders and willows which
till late years used to float about the Priest Pot, Hawkshead ; it
has now, by storm and flood, got broken into several pieces and
thrown upon the shore (W.S.). Not. Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863).
e.An. Ray (1691) ; e.An.' Nrf. In yon alder carr . . . ' blue dorrs'
bred ... by hundreds, Patterson Broads (1895I 100 ; (D.W.L.) ;
(AG.); Nrf.' Suf. Morton Cyclo. Agric. (1863); Jest agin the
aldercar (H.J.L.R.); Suf.'
3. Camp, (i) Car-fir, fir-wood dug up in the cars or
moors ; (2) -grave, an officer who has custody of the
cars; (3) -graver, (a) see -grave; (b) a man who digs
turves and buried timber in the cars ; (4) -oak, oak dug
up in the cars ; see -fir ; (5) -swallow, the black tern,
liydrochelidon nigra ; (6) -wood, timber found buried in
the cars ; see -fir, -oak.
(i) Lin. A car-fir root chuck'd on the bank rig. Peacock
J. Martenfild iiS-12) I. 125. n.Lin.' (2, 3, 4) n.Lin.' (5) Nhb.
(R.O.H.) Cmb. Swainson Birds (1885) 204. (6j n.Lin.'
[L Carre, woody, moist, or boggy ground, Bailey
(1721) ; A carre, I'acitna, Coles (16791 ; And others from
their carres, are busily about, To draw out sedge and
reed, Drayton Polyolbion (1622) xxv, ed. Spenser .Soc,
108. ^. Ker {oT^\(iyr,alnctuin, Prompt. Of Scand. origin.
Cp. ON. kjarr, copscwood, brushwood, Norw. dial, kjerr,
pool, marsh (Aasen); Sw. ^(iVr, morass, ' palus ' (Serenius) ;
Da. kcrr, pond, bog.]
CAR(R, s6.= Nhb. Yks. Lan. Chs. Stf. Lin. [ka(r).]
1. Humate of iron ; a yellow sediment in water which
flows from peaty land. Cf char, sb.
Lan. It's o' smeared wi' car an sludge, Kay-Shuttleworth
Scarsdale (1S66) II. 161. Clis. Worlidge Sysl. Agric. (1669) ;
Chs.' s.Chs.' Ky'aa-r. Stf.'
Hence (i) Carred, adj. Of potatoes, &c. : having red
scales, rusty; (2) Carry, adj. Of water: containing iron
sediment.
(i) w.Yks. (J.T.) (2) Lan.' Carry-pleck, a place boggj- with
carrwater. Chs.' Carry water is supposed to be very unwhole-
some ; Chs.3 Water with iron chalybeate in it widely pervades
Chs., sometimes to such a degree as to make the water useless
for even cleansing or swilling purposes. Its presence, I believe,
is thought to betoken the presence of iron or coal.
2. Camp. Car-water, water coloured by a deposit of iron
or by peat.
Nhb. [Car-water] is sometimes of the thickness of the richest
cream, Leigh Gl. (1877). w.Yks.' I maad my sark. . . as yollo as
a daffodowndilly wi' car watter, ii. 296. Lan.', e.Lan.', n Lin.'
CAR(R, V. Cum. Der. Nhp. Pom. Glo. Oxf. Brks.
Ken. Sus. LW. Wil. Dor. Som. Dev. Cor. Amer. [kar,
ka(r).]
1. To carry.
Cum. My feet then carr't me without perswadin. N. Lonsdale
Mag. (Feb. 1867) 311. Der. Let me car' it up hill. Verney Stone
Edge (1868) vii. Nhp. 2 s.Pem. Carr' you a chair here for the
Missis. I've a carred you this here parcel (E.D.V Glo. 'T would
be plagucy hot this yere weather for them as got to carr'ee all the
way to Dean, Buckman Darkens Sojourn (1890I xi ; You carr'
the cake and I'll take the bread and butter (A.B.) ; Glo.', Oxf.',
Brks.' Ken. Grose (1790) ; All de ploughmen dat went dare.
Must car dair shining stick, Masters Dick and Sal (c. 1821') st. 8;
(P.M.) ; Ken.' Sus. They'd . . . car' him offto th'sylum, O'Reilly
Stories (1880") I. II. I.W. Woldchap knowed how to carr's liquor.
Maxwell Gray ^H«f5/c>' (1889) 1. 180 ; I.W.'^ wil. The rainbow
in the marnin Gives the shepherd warnin To car' his gurt cwoat
on his back, Swainson U'eather Flk-Lore (1873) 195; Na mwore
we'll car un extry bits. Slow Rhymes (r88g) 65. Dor.' I^he
waggon cooden car al', 58. Som. Twer heavy, zur — I coodn't
car't, Agrikler Rhymes (1872) 12; Cassn't car'n ? W. & J. Gl.
(1873). w.Soni.' Ez ur t-ac'vee tu kaa-r? The second sj'llable is
always dropped. Dhik'ec meeud ul bee fut tu kaa'r um baa'y
CAR(R
[519"
CARD
[that field will be fit to lead by-and-by]. Aay shl kaaT au'l mee
wai't tumaaTU [I shall cart all — i. e. the last of— my wheat
to-morrow]. You volly thick there drove, and he'll car 3'ou so
straight's a line down to Horner. Dev. Their bissens is to . . .
car and vetch and husbands tend, P.Pindar ll-'ks. i,i8i6) IV. 183 ;
Canst car thickee bag ov tatties awver tu squire's ? Hewett Pcd^.
Sfi. (1892). n.Dev. Carr et down to tha bee-lippen, Rock y/»; «>i'
Ay// (1867I St. 5. nw.Dev.t Gor. Ef you do car that there gun
like that there you'll shut somebody Tore long, Forfar Pentownn
(1859 I i ; You wunt get no toll from we, Mess you car's us safe,
Parr Adam and Eve (_i88o) I. 89. [Amer. Dial. Notes (1895^ I.
378.]
2. Com/). Car-tale, a tale-bearer, a mischief-maker.
w.Som.^ Oh ! her's a proper old car-tale : nif her knowth it all
the paribh'll year o' ut 'vore marra night.
3. With adv. atvay : to steal. w.Som.'
4. To understand, comprehend.
Dev. Kiss'n car't 1 [can't you understand it ?] Reports Provinc.
(1887) 5.
5. In pass, to he card, to be carried off, to die.
n.Dev. The poor little chap kip'th on gittin' the crope [croup]
iv'ry month or 20. I'm afcard he'll be car'd arter all i,R.P.C.).
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